Professional Documents
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Goals : 1. The goal of the Orthodontics program is to provide a basic education in Orthodontics for and improved understanding of the diagnosis and treatment planning of various types of malocclusions and increased skill in their management. 2. To transform the nature of dental education and practice in ways that will dramatically improve the way we serve our students, our patients, and the surrounding community. Objectives: A. Knowledge:a) To have a systematic understanding of the dynamic interaction of Biologic processes and Mechanical forces acting on the Stomatognathic system during Orthodontic treatment. . b) To lay foundation of basic knowledge and assimilate associated orthodontic skills to enable students to Diagnose and manage various Orthodontic problems.
B. Skills:Clinical practice is limited to collection and analysis of records and correction of mild occlusal problems with removable appliances.
DEPT. OF ORTHODONTICS
KLEVK INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES BELGAUM
BDS
SYLLABUS
1. Introduction history, definition, aims and objectives and scope of orthodontics 1 2. Growth and Development: General 3. Morphologic development of craniofacial structures 4. Clinical application of growth and development 5. Development of dentition and occlusion 6. Malocclusion: in general 7. Classification of malocclusion 8. Normal and abnormal function of stomatognathic system 9. Etiology and Classification of malocclusion 10. Diagnosis and Diagnostic Aids, traditional & contemporary (digital) 11. Case history 12. Model analysis 13. Cephalometrics 14. Habits IV BDS - 30 Hours 15. Genetics 16. Orthodontic appliances removable & fixed 17. Functional & Orthopedic Appliances 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 .
18. Treatment planning of dental and skeletal malocclusions 19. Anchorage 20. Biomechanics & tissue response to orthodontic tooth movement 21. Preventive, interceptive and corrective orthodontics 22. Methods of gaining space, space maintainers & regainers
2 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 2
23. Orthodontic appliances : general (Materials used in Orthodontics Welding and Soldering) 24. Management of class I , class II & class III malocclusions 25. Surgical Orthodontics 26. Cleft Lip and cleft palate 27. Computers in Orthodontics 28. Retention and Relapse 29. Revision
III ) Construction of springs (Both sides upper both sides) Gauge 24 or 0.5 mm 1. 2. 3. 4. Finger spring Single cantilever spring Double cantilever spring ( Z spring ) T spring on premolars
IV ) Construction of canine retractors Gauge 23 or 0.6 mm 1. 2. 3. U Loop canine retractor (Both sides upper and lower) Helical canine retractor (Both sides upper and lower) Buccal canine retractor self supported canine retractor with a) sleeve -5 mm wire or 24 gauge b) sleeve -19 gauge needle on one side 4. Palatal canine retractor on upper both sides (Gauge 23 or 0.6 mm)
V) Labial Bow (Gauge 22 or 0.7 mm) One on both upper and lower Clinical training during III B D S Exercise 1. 2. 3. 4. Making upper alginate impression Making lower alginate impression Study model preparation Model analysis a) Ponts analysis b) Ashley howe s analysis c) Careys analysis d) Boltons analysis e) Moyers mixed dentition analysis Clinical training during IV B D S
1) 2) 3)
5 Cases 5 Cases
4)
Practical training during III B D S 1) Adams clasp on anterior teeth gauge 0.7 mm
3) High labial bow with apron spring on upper arch (gauge of labial bow 0.9 mm , spring 0.3 mm) 4) Coffin spring on upper arch gauge 1 mm
apron
Appliance Construction in Acrylic 1. Upper and Lower Hawleys appliance 2. Upper Hawleys with anterior bite plane 3. Upper Habit breaking appliance 4. Upper Hawleys with posterior bite plane with Z spring 5. Construction of activator 6. Lower inclined plane / catalans appliance 7. Upper expansion plate with expansion screw
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Design , construction and use of removable orthodontics C . Adams Clinical orthodontics vol 1 & 2 Salzmann
SCHEDULE OF CLASSES FOR ORTHODONTIC UNDERGRADUATES SS.No. 1 2. 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 TOPIC Introduction to orthodontics with history Development of Dentition Functional developement Normal occlusion Malocclusion, classification Aetiology-Malocclusion, local & general factors Growth & devp basic concepts, theories Prenatal & postnatal development Growth of maxilla & mandible Diagnosis Orthodontic radiology and hand wrist and cervical v Introduction landmarks& planes in ceph, Downs, tweeds analysis Witts, Steiners analysis Model analysis, study models Orthodontic history &examination Preventive orthodontics Iinterceptive orthodontics Habits Genetics Orthodontic appliances, removable Fixed appliances Orthodontic force & biomechaincs Tissue response to orthodontic tooth movement Space gaining, extns Expansion in Orthodontics, Anchorage & classification Treatment planning in orthodontics Treatment of class1,class II,divs& classIII Treatment of AOB, Deep bite, midline diastema Soldering & welding Myo-functional app. types, mode of action, Oral screen , guide planes, activator , bionator Frankle, herbst ,twin block Head gears, chin cup,face mask Surgical orthodontics Treatment of cleft lip & palate Retention and relapse Computers in orthodontics Revision
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION A. Theory :100 marks Distribution of Topics and Type of Questions Contents Multiple choice questions
Marks
25
Long essays 1.Growth and Development 2.Development of dentition and occlusion 3.Diagnostic Aids 4.Etiolgy and Classification of malocclusion 5.Habits 6.Serial extraction and space maintainers 7.Biomechanics 8.Anchorage 9.Retention and Relapse 10.Methods of gaining space and extraction in Orthodontics 11.Functional Appliances 12.Surgical Orthodontics 13. Treatment Planning Short essays Questions may be asked from all topics Short answers Questions may be asked from all topics
20
25
30 100
B. Viva Voce: 25 Marks C. Clinicals / Practicals :75 Marks 1. Exercise No. 1 2.Exercise No. 2 3.Exercise No. 3 25 marks ( Case history / Clinical discussion) 20 marks (2.0 x 10 Spotters ) 30 marks (Wire bending) Clasps / Springs / Retractors / Bows 75 marks
Direct gold filling Indication, contraindication Various cavity designs and preparation of cavities types of cohesive gold Principles of manipulation Compaction techniques, finishing and polishing
Esthetic materials Introduction, properties Indication and contraindications Acid etching techniques, enamel / dentin in bonding systems Tooth preparation, restoration techniques A matrices, finishing and polishing procedures Glass ionomers : Indications and contra indications Glass indication and contra indications Manipulation Matrices, finishing and polishing procedures Recent advances in esthetic materials
4 hours
Light cured composite inlay cavity preparation and fabrication ( in brief ) (short essay/short answer)
2 hours
Ceramic restorations, Ceramic inlay and onlay Clinical procedures for CEREC, CAD/CAM Inlay and onlay (in brief) (short essay/short answer)
2 hours
2 hours
ENDODONTICS Sl. No 1 2 3 Access cavity and principles Determination of working length / methods Preparation of root canal 4 Cleaning and shaping irrigation 2 hours Topic Hours 2 hours 1 hours 2 hours
Microbiology as related to Endodontics Microbial flora and infected pulp Various culture tests techniques culture media inter preparation anterior sensitivity
3 hours
Root canal obturation Obturation materials classification and description Ideal requirements Composition and properties
3 hours
Techniques of obturation Root canal sealers Recent advances in materials & techniques
2 hours
Discoloration of teeth (short essay/short answer) Etiology management Veneers bleaching (vital and non vital )
2 hours
Surgical Endodontics Case selection indications / contraindications Incision and drainage, trephination
3 hours
10
Various flap designs for periradicular surgery (short essay/short answer) Root end surgeries apicoectomy / curettage (short essay/short answer) Bicuspidation (short essay/short answer) ( in 1 hour
Root resorption classification, etiology and management brief) (short essay/ hemi section short answer)
11 12 13 14 15
Traumatic injuries management only Endodontics emergencies and management Post Endodontic restoration ( in brief) (short essay/short answer) Single visit Endodontics Miscellaneous Xeroradiography RVG, Lasers in Endodontics Microscope in Endodontics (short essay/short answer)
Recommended text books Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Title Art and Sciences of operative Dentistry Endodontics Endodontics Practice Pathways of pulp Principles and practice of operative Dentistry Endodontics Therapy Tooth colored restorative Principles and Author Strudevant John L Ingle Louis J Grossman Cohen Charbeneau Weine Albers Edition 5th 5th 11th 8th 3rd 6th 9th 1st
Techniques 8 Advances in Glass Ionomer Cements Carl L Davidson Mjor 9 Essential Endodontics Walton and Torabinejad
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
I. THEORY: 100 marks Distribution of topics and type of Questions Contents Multiple choice question Long essays One long essay from Conservative One long essay from Endodontics Short essays 5 Short essay from Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 5 Short questions from Conservative 5 Short question from Endodontics Total B. Viva Voce: 25 marks Type of Question and Marks M.C.Q 25 x 1= 25 marks Long Essays 2 x10=20 marks Marks 25 20
25
30
100
C. Internal Assessment: 25 marks Theory Total: 100 + 25 + 25 = 150 marks II. CLINICAL EXAMINATION: 75 marks 1. Case History 2. Exercise A. Conservative Exercise a. Class II tooth Preparation b. Lining and Matrix c. Filling and Carving OR B. Endodontics Exercise a) Preparation of access cavity for root canal treatment in an anterior tooth 25 marks b) Working length determination c) Bio Mechanical preparation and selection of master cone 3. Internal Assessment = 25 marks Practical Total: 65+10+ 25 = 100 marks 15 marks 25 marks 65 marks 30 marks 10 marks 25 marks 65 marks + Record Book 10 marks
ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY Syllabus 1 Diseases of salivary glands. Developmental disturbances: Aplasia, atresia and aberration Functional disturbances: xerostomia, ptyalism Inflammatory conditions: Nonspecific sialadenitis, mumps, sarcoidosis heerdforts syndrome (uveoparotid fever) necrotising sialometaplasia Cysts and tumors: Mucocele, ranula, pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma Miscellaneous: Sialolithiasis, Sjogrens syndrome, Mikuliczs disease and sialosis 2 Immunological diseases Immunological diseases with oral manifestations (a) Leukemia (b). Lymphomas (c) Multiple myeloma (d) AIDS clinical manifestations, opportunistic infections, neoplasms (e) Thrombocytopenia (f) Lupus erythematosus (g) Scleroderma (h) Dermatomyositis (1) Submucous fibrosis G) Rheumatoid arthritis (k) Recurrent oral ulcerations including Behcet's syndrome and Reiter's syndrome 3 4 5 AIDS STD Diseases of nerves: a) Facial nerve paralysis including bell's palsy, melkersson rosenthal syndrome and ramsay hunt syndrome, neuroma (b) Neurofibromatosis (c)Frey's syndrome 6 Diseases of Muscles: Muscles: (a) Myositis ossificans (b) Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (c) Trismus 7 Diseases of the TMJ Temporomandibular joint: Developmental` abnormalities of the condyle. rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sub-luxation and luxation 2 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 2 Hour
Orofacial Pain Organic pain: Pain arising from the diseases of orofacial tissues like teeth, pulp, gingival, periodontal tissue, mucosa, tongue, muscles, blood vessels, lymph tissue, bone, paranasal sinus; salivary glands etc, (ii) Pain arising due to C.N.S. diseases:
2 Hour
(a) Pain due to intracranial and extracranial involvement of cranial nerves: (Multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, Trotter's
syndrome etc.) (b) Neuralgic pain due to unknown causes: Trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuraIgia, sphenopalatine ganglion` neuralgia, periodic migrainous neuralgia and atypical facial pain (iii) Referred pain: Pain arising from distant tissues like heart, spine etc 9 Medical emergency management Cardiac patient, cardiac arrest, space infections, syncope, anaphylaxis. 10 Forensic Odontology. (a) Medicolegal aspects of orofacial injuries (b) Identification of bite marks (c) Determination of age and sex: lip prints (d) Identification of cadavers by dental appliances, restorations and tissue remnants 11 12 Geriatrics Therapeutics: General therapeutic measures - drugs commonly used in oral medicine viz., antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, antiinflammatory and analgesic drugs, astringents, mouth washes, antiseptics, local surface anesthetic, sialogogues, antisialogogues and drugs used in the treatment of malignancy. 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour
RADIOLOGY 1. Radiographic techniques i) Intra-Oral (a) Periapical radiographs (Bisecting and parallel techniques) (b) Bite wing radiographs (c) Occlusal radiographs (ii) Extra-oral: (a) Lateral projections of skull and jaw bones and paranasal sinuses (c) Cephalograms (d) Orthopantomograph (e) Projections of temporomandibular joint [Transcranial (open, close) Transpharyngeal, Transorbital] and condyle of mandible (f) Projections for zygomatic arches (Submentovertex, reverse townes view, PNS) (iii) Specialised techniques: (a) Sialography (b) Xeroradiography 6 Hour
(c) Tomography d) RVG e) RNI f) CT g) MRI h) Ultrasonography 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Radiographic appearance of periodontal diseases Radiographic appearance of cysts- odontogenic & nonodontogenic Radiographic appearance of tumors- odontogenic & nonodontogenic Radiographic appearance of malignant lesions Radiographic appearance of fibro- osseous lesions Periapical radiolucencies Periapical radioopacities Pericoronal radiolucencies 1 Hour 2 Hour 2 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour
DISCUSSIONS IV YEAR I TERM 1 2 3 Revision of above posting X-ray taking and revision Case discussion by staff on rotation
LIST OF LECTURES TOTAL: - 65 HOUR IV YEAR I TERM 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 - 16 HOUR 2 Hour 2 Hour 2 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 1 Hour
Extra-oral radiographic techniques Diseases of salivary glands. Diseases of the TMJ Diseases of nerves Diseases of muscles Forensic odontology Medical emergency management AIDS STD Radiographic appearance of periodontal diseases Radiographic appearance of cysts odontogenic & nonodontogenic Radiographic appearance of fibro osseous lesions
IV YEAR II TERM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- 16 HOUR 2 Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 2 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour 3 Hour
Radiographic appearance of tumors- odontogenic & nonodontogenic Radiographic appearance of malignant lesions Orofacial pain Geriatrics Immunological diseases Therapeutics: general therapeutic measures Periapical radiolucencies Periapical radiopacities Pericoronal radiolucencies Specialized radiographic techniques: - Tomography, Xeroradiography, RNI - RVG, Ultrasonography - CT, MRI
Scheme of Examination
A. Theory: 100 marks Distribution of Topics and type of Questions Contents Type of Questions and Marks Long essays 2 x 10 marks Short essay 10 x 5 marks = 50 Short answer 10 x 3 marks = 30 Marks
Long essays 1 Long essay from oral medicine 1 Long essay from radiology Short essay 3 Short essay from oral medicine 2 Short essay from radiology Short answer 5 Short answer from oral medicine 5 Short answer from radiology Total
20
50
30
100
Practical: 25 marks
EXAMINATION
IV/ I IV/ II
ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY Goals: To produce a dental surgeon competent enough to perform tooth extraction under both local and general anaesthesia, anticipate, prevent and manage associated complications, recognize underlying medical conditions and modify treatment plan, acquire adequate knowledge and understanding of various congenital, developmental and acquired pathologies, dysfunctions, defects and injuries occurring in the craniofacial region, providing treatment options for common conditions and at the same time being aware of inpatient management of maxillofacial surgical patients.
OBJECTIVES: a) Knowledge & Understanding: At the end of the course of the clinical training the graduate is expected to 1. Application of the knowledge acquired in the related medical subjects like pathology, microbiology and general medicine in the management of patients with oral surgical problem. 2. Good understanding of the evaluation, diagnosis and perioperative management of oral surgical patient. 3. Knowledge of range of surgical treatments. 4. Patient counseling regarding morbidity and dysfunction associated with craniofacial pathologies and anomalies and referring such patients to specialists. 5. Understand the principles of in-patient management. 6. Understanding of the management of major oral surgical procedures and principles involved in patient management. 7. Adequate knowledge of pain and anxiety management. 8. Should know ethical and medicolegal issues and communication ability. b) Skills: 1. Acquire skill to examine any patient with oral surgical problem in a systematic manner and requisition of various clinical and laboratory investigations to arrive at a specific diagnosis. 2. Should be efficient in exodontia both under local and general anaesthesia. 3. Perform minor surgical procedures under local anesthesia like frenectomy, Alveloplasty, Biopsy and suturing techniques. 4. Ability to anticipate prevent and manage complications during and after surgery. 5. Understanding of management of major oral surgical problems and principles involved in inpatient management. 6. Management of medically compromised patients and medical emergencies occurring on dental chair.
DETAILED SYLLABUS Teaching programme for UGs (theory, Practical, Clinical) in brief U.G.
Teaching Hours Theory: 30 Hours I. Introduction a) b) Definition, Introduction, Objectives and Scope. History taking, examination of the patients, investigations and Diagnosis. 3 Hours 2 Hours
II. Emergencies in Dental Practice: a) Cardio Vascular b) Respiratory c) Endocrine disorders d) Drug allergies and interaction e) Tracheostomy III. Oral Surgical Procedure in a) Systemic disease. b) Patients with medically compromised candidates c) Immuno compromised conditions d) Geriatric patients e) Pregnant women IV. Anesthesia Local Anesthesia (L.A) a) b) c) d) e) f)
4 Hours
6 Hours
Neurology of Facial Pain Historical aspects, definition, types of L.A., Indications and contra Indication, advantage and disadvantage. Local Anesthesia drugs, classification. Ideal requirements of L.A. solutions, composition and made of action. Factors to be considered in the choice of particular made of Anesthesia. Complications of L.A., its prevention and management.
V. Anesthesia of Mandible 3 Hours a) Anatomical consideration, infiltration, mental nerve block and Inferior dental nerve block. IV) Anesthesia of Maxilla 3 Hours a) Anatomical consideration, infiltration, infra orbital block, posterior superior Alveolar and Maxillary nerve block. b) Extra oral block Indications and Technique. VI. General Anesthesia (G.A) - History of G.A. - Indications of G.A., in Oral Surgery. - Pre-anesthetic evaluation of the patients. - Pre-medication. 3 Hours
Types of G.A., including I.V. Sedation. Stage of G.A. common general anesthetic agents. Complications during and after anesthesia. Post anesthetic care of the patients. 2 Hours
VII. Asepsis, Sterilisation, Cross Infection and Disinfection Definitions. Terminologies. General considerations. Effective measures in infection control Problems encountered in asepsis and infection control.
VIII. Dento Alveolar Surgery 4 Hours Exodontia a) General Considerations. b) Indications and Contractions. c) Methods of Extractions: - Principles of forceps extraction. - Indications, Principles and surgical procedure of Trans alveolar extraction. - Principles and use of elevators. - Complications of exodontia and management. Recommended books Serial No 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. Book Name HANDBOOK OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA. MONHEIMS LOCAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN CONTROL IN DENTAL PRACTICE. MINOR ORAL SURGERY. THE EXTRACTION OF TEETH. HAND BOOK OF MEDICAL EMERGENCIES IN THE DENTAL OFFICE. Author MALAMED.S.F. BENNETT.C.R. HOWE.G.L. HOWE.G.L. MALAMED.S.F. Edition 4ED 7ED 3ED 2ED 3ED Year 2001 1984 1985 1980 1989
IV BDS DENTO ALVEOLAR SURGERY 4 Hours Impacted Teeth a) General factors, incidence, etiology. b) Classification, indications for removal of lower third molar. c) Assessment: Clinical and radiological. d) Anesthetic considerations. e) Surgical procedure. f) Maxillary third molar and canine impactions, Incidence, Indications for removal, classification, Assessment and Localisation, Surgical procedure. g) Complication of surgical removal of impacted teeth sent to Endodontics. Endodontic Surgery - Introduction - Classification - Apicoectomy - Replantation Pre-Prosthetic Surgery - Introduction, Aims of Pre- prosthetic Surgery, Classification. - Corrective procedure hard and soft tissue. - Sulcus extension procedure. Principal of Implantology 1 Hours
3 Hours
1 Hours `
Infection of Oral Cavity 5 Hours a) Introduction. b) Microbiology of Odontogenic infections. c) Anatomical consideration and Facial spaces. d) Spread of Infection e) Acute dento alveolar abscess. f) Acute and chronic infections of the Jaws: Cellulitis, Ludwigs angina, actinomycosis, Osteomyelitis, Osteoradionecrosis. g) Management of Infections: Medical - Antibiotics. - Analgesics, Anti-inflammatory drug. Surgical Managment. h) Hepatitis B, & H.I.V. infections. Maxillary Sinus Diseases Applied anatomy, acute and chronic sinusitis, surgical approach to sinus. Removal of tooth or root from the antrum. Oral-antral fistula and its management 4 Hours 3 Hours
Cystic Lesions of the Jaws - General features, definition, Classification. - Pathogenesis, signs and symptoms. - Clinical, radiological and other investigations. - Surgical management and complications of each type of cyst.
Disorders of Tempero Mandibular Joint - Applied anatomy. - Sub-luxation and dislocation of the T.M.Joint - Pain dysfunction syndrome. - Ankylosis of the joints and management. - Infections of the T.M.Joint.
5 Hours
Disease of Salivary Glands 4 Hours - General features, investigations in the diagnosis of salivary gland diseases. - Acute and Chronic infection. - Salivary calculus and its management - Tumors of the salivary glands and its management Neurogenic Disorders: - Nerve injuries - Trigminal Neuralgia. - Glossopharyngeal and Facial Paralysis. - Facial Nerve Palsy. Fracture of Jaws Introduction, Applied Anatomy & types of Fractures. a) Dento Alveolar Fractures b) Mandibular Fractures - Classification - Clinical features & Diagnosis - Preliminary and definitive management. c) Zygomatic complex Fractures d) Middle third Fractures - Classification - Clinical features & Diagnosis. - Outline of immediate and definitive treatment. e) Orbital Fractures f) Nasal Fractures 2 Hours
12 Hours
Development Deformities: 7 Hours a) Deformities of the Jaws: - Basic forms of deformities, Prognathism, Retrognathism and apertognathia. - Reasons for surgical correction, Pre operative planning - Outline of various surgical procedure in mandible and maxilla. b) Cleft Lip and Palate: - Etiology, Incidence, Timing of Repair. i. Role of General dental Practitioner. Tumors of the Head and Neck (Odontogenic and Non Odontogenic) - Clinical Features - Diagnostic techniques - Management Clinicals Students are required to learn the following 1. Case history taking 4 Hours
220 Hours
Examination of the patient Recording blood pressure Various anesthetic injections techniques Use of different instruments in Oral surgery Suturing techniques on models orange peel/gloves
Book Name ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY. KILLEY AND KAYS OUTLINE OF ORAL SURGERY. PART 1. KILLEY AND KAY'S OUTLINE OF ORAL SURGERY, PART II. KILLEY'S FRACTURES OF THE MIDDLE THIRD OF THE FACIAL SKELETON. KILLEYS FRACTURES OF THE MANDIBLE. CYSTS OF THE ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL REGIONS. ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL INFECTIONS.
Author LASKIN.D.M. SEWARD.G.R; HARRIS.M. SEWARD.G.R; HARRIS.M. BANKS.P. BANKS.P. SHEAR.M. TOPAZIAN.R.G; GOLDBERG.M.H.
Distribution of Topics and type of Questions Contents Multiple choice questions Entire Portion Long essays 1. One question from Local Anesthesia 2. One question from Oral Surgery Short essays 4 Question from Oral Surgery 1 Question form General anesthesia Short answers Entire portion 9 Question from Oral Surgery 1 Question form Local Anesthesia Total B. Viva-Voce: 25 marks 100 Short answers 10 x 3 marks = 30 30 Short essay 5 x 5 marks = 25 25 Type of Questions and Marks M.C.Q. 25 x 1 = 25 Long essays 2 x 10 marks 20 Marks 25
C. Clinical Examination: 75 marks (i) Case History, Examination of the patient, presenting the case history to the examiners at the chair side 25 Marks (ii) Local Anesthesia techniques 25 Marks (iii) Tooth Extraction and patient management 25 Marks
2. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Importance of study of growth and development in pedodontics. Prenatal and postnatal factors in growth and development Theories of growth and development. Development of maxilla and mandible and related age changes. Age Changes of Mandibular foramen. 3. DENTAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY. Development of teeth and associated structures in brief Eruption and shedding of teeth - theories Teething disorders and their management
02 Hours
4. CASE HISTORY RECORDING - Outline of principles of examination, diagnosis & treatment planning. 5. DENTAL RADIOLOGY RELATED TO PEDODONTICS. 6. DENTAL CARIES INCLUDING EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES Historical background, definition, aetiology and pathogenesis. Caries pattern in primary, young permanent and permanent teeth in children. Rampant caries, early childhood caries and extensive caries: in brief
01 Hour
01 Hour 05 Hours
Definition, aetiology, clinical features, complications and management in detail Role of diet and nutrition in dental caries. Dietary modification and diet counseling. Caries, activity tests, caries prediction, caries susceptibility and their clinical application. 02 Hours
Different preventive measures used in Pediatric Dentistry including pit and fissure sealants and caries vaccine.
8. FLUORIDES. Historical background. Systemic & Topical fluorides. Mechanism of action. Toxicity & Management Defluoridation techniques.
04 Hours
9. PEDIATRIC OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INCLUDING DENTAL MATERIALS. Principles of pediatric operative dentistry.
04 Hours
- Modifications required for cavity preparation in primary and young permanent teeth. based on differences between deciduous and permanent teeth - Various isolation techniques, Matrix bands and retainers Restorations of decayed primary, young permanent and permanent teeth in children using various restorative materials like mainly Glass ionomer, composites and silver
amalgam.
10. GINGIVAL & PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN. Normal gingiva & periodontium in children. Definition, aetiology and pathogenesis. Prevention and management of gingival and periodontal diseases.
02 Hours
01 Hour
Knowledge of local and general anesthesia. Minor surgical procedures in children. Age Changes of Mandibular foramen.
02 Hours
13. DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION FROM BIRTH THROUGH ADOLESCENCE. Study of variations and abnormalities
03 Hours
IV Year
14. DEEP CARIES MANAGEMENT PEDIATRIC ENDODONTICS. Principles & Diagnosis. Classification of pulpal pathology in primary young permanent & permanent teeth. Management of pulpally involved primary, young permanent and permanent teeth. o o o o o Pulp capping- direct pulp capping Pulpotomy. Pulpectomy. Apexogenesis. Apexification 04 Hours
Obturation Techniques & material used for primary young permanent & permanent teeth in children.
01 Hour
16.. TRAUMATIC INJURIES IN CHILDREN : - Classification & importance. - Sequelae & reaction of teeth to trauma . - Management of traumatized teeth. .
05 Hours
17. CHILD PSYCHOLOGY - Definition. - Theories of child psychology. - Psychological development of children with age.
04 Hours
- Principles of psychological growth & development while managing child patient. - Dental fear and its management. - Factors affecting childs reaction to dental treatment. 18. CHILD BEHAVIOUR & BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT: Definitions Types of behaviour encountered in the dental clinic. Non-pharmacological & pharmacogical methods of behaviour management. 04 Hours 04 Hours
Problems encountered during primary and mixed dentition phases & their management. Space management Serial extraction
04 Hours
Clinical features of digit sucking, Tongue thrusting, mouth breathing & various other deleterious secondary habits.
04 Hours
Definition aetiology classification, behavioural and clinical features & management of children with. o o o Physically handicapping conditions. Mentally compromising conditions. Medically compromising conditions.
01 Hour
01Hour
24. CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES IN CHILDREN. - Definition, classification, clinical features & management.
01 Hour
01 Hour
01 Hour
Following is the recommended clinical quota for under graduate students in the subject of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry.
PRE CLINICAL EXERCISES Sl No 1 Pre Clinical Work Wax Carving Primary tooth 1. Central incisor 2. Canine 3. Molar 2 Appliances 1. Space Maintainer (Removable). 2. Habit Breaking. 3 Cavity Preparation 1. Primary tooth 2. Permanent tooth CLINICAL EXERCISES : Sl No. 1 2 3 4 5 Extraction Oral Prophylaxes + Fluoride Application Cavity preparation & Amalgam Restoration Cavity preparation & GIC Restoration Case History recording Clinical Internal Assessment Treatment Quota 20 15 10 15 10 03 Class I & II Class - I & II 01 01 01 01 01 Quota
Clinical Demonstrations ( not for examination ) 1. Pulp therapy. 2. Stainless steel crowns for primary teeth. 3. Fixed space maintainers, retainers and eruption guiding appliance.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED & REFERENCE 1. Pediatric Dentistry ( Infancy through Adolescences ) Pinkham.
2. Kennedys Pediatric Operative Dentistry Kennedy & Curzon 3. Occlusal guidance in Pediatric Dentistry Stephen H. Wev. 4. Clinical use of Fluorides - Stephen H. Wev 5. Pediatric Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Kaban.
8. An Atlas of Glass Ionomer cements G. J. Mount. 9. Clinical Pedodontics - Finn. 10. Text Book of Pediatric Dentistry Braham Morris. 11. Primary Preventive Dentistry Norman O. Harris 12. Hand Book of Clinical Pedodontics - Kenneth. D 13. Preventive Dentistry Forrester 14. The Metabolism and Toxicity of Fluoride Garry M. Whitford. 15. Dentistry for the child and Adolescence Mc. Donald. 16. Pediatric Dentistry Damle. S. G. 17. Behaviour Management Wright 18. Pediatric Dentistry Mathewson. 19. Traumatic Injuries Andreson. 20. Occlusal guidance in Pediatric Dentistry Nakata. 21. Pediatric Drug Therapy Tomare. 22. Contemporary Orthodontics Profitt. 23. Preventive Dentistry. Depaola. 24. Metabolism & Toxicity of Fluoride Withford G. M. 25. Endodontic Practice - Grossman. 26. Principles of Endodontics Munford. 27. Endodontics Ingale 28. Pathway of Pulp Cohen. 29. Management Of Traumatized anterior Teeth Hargreaves.
25
30 100
B. Viva Voce
25 Marks
Exercise 1 : Marks allotted : 25 (Common for all students) -Clinical Examination and recording of Long Case History - Diagnosis, Treatment planning & Management Exercise 2: Marks allotted: 50 (Any one of the following Exercise by lot ) 1. Oral Prophylaxis Fluoride Application Management of Child Oral Prophylaxis Topical Fluoride Application Post Operative Instructions 05 -Marks 20 -Marks 20 -Marks 05 -Marks 10 -Marks 15 -Marks
2. Restoration of Tooth Management of Child Cavity Preparation Isolation, Lining, Matrix Band Application Filling, Carving & Finishing Post- operative Instructions 05 -Marks 20- Marks 10- Marks 10- Marks 05 -Marks
3. Extraction of tooth Management of Child Local Anesthesia Extraction Prescription Post- operative Instructions 05- Marks 15 -Marks 20- Marks 05 -Marks 05 -Marks
BOOKS RECOMMENDED & REFERENCE S. No 1 Pediatric Dentistry Infancy through Adolescents 2 Kennedys Pediatric operative dentistry 3 4 5 Textbook of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Pedodontics Dentistry for the child and adolescents 6 Pediatric Dentistry Mathewson 3rd 1st 1
st
Title
Author
Year
Publisher
Pinkham J.R
2005
W.B.Sunders
2002
Wright , Oxford
1995
Quintessence publishing.co
7 8
2006 2001
Jaypee Paras
Pediatric Dentistry
Welbury
3rd
2006
Oxford University
b. SKILLS 1. Identification of Plaque and Calculus. 2. Develop skills for Scaling and Root Planning 3. Manual Scaling and Polishing. 4. Oral Hygiene maintenance programs
COURSE CONTENTS
Theory : III Year BDS : 20 Hours 1. Historical background 2. The Gingiva 3. Periodontal ligament 4. Cementum 5. Alveolar Bone 6. Defense mechanism of gingiva 7. Gingival Inflammation 8. Clinical Features of Gingivitis 9. Gingival Enlargement 10. Dental Calculus 11. Periodontal Microbiology 12. Gingival diseases in childhood 13. Classification of Periodontal diseases 14. Acute gingival infections 15. Influence of Systemic Diseases on Periodontium 16. Endocrine disorders and the Periodontium 17. AIDS and Periodontium 18. Periodontal Pocket 19. Chronic Periodontitis 20. Refractory Periodontitis 21. Aggressive Periodontitis 1 Hr 2 Hrs 2 Hrs 1 Hr 1 Hr 1Hr 2 Hr 1 Hr 2 Hrs 1 Hr 2 Hr 1 Hr 2 Hrs 2 Hrs 2 Hrs 2 Hrs 1 Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr
CLINICAL TEACHING HOURS FOR III AND IV BDS Clinical work and case discussion 25 Detailed Case History and Discussion 50 Oral Prophylaxis Demonstration of All Surgical Procedure Maintenance Therapy Total 040 100 030 030 200
Author Carranza and Newman Robert Genco, Henry. M. Goldman. D.Walter Cohen Jan Lindhe, T. Karring, N. P. Lang Grant, Stern, Listgarten
Edn 10th
Contemporary Peridontics
----
1990
5th
Munksguard Copenhagen
2007
6th
1998
Cohen
2nd Ed
C. V. Mosby Company, U. S. A.
1988
OBJECTIVES a. KNOWLEDGE 1. To provide highest quality clinical knowledge and expertise in dept of Periodontics. 2. To achieve academic excellence and provide best oral health care and impart knowledge regarding prevention of periodontal diseases. 3. To provide basic knowledge about Implant Dentistry b. SKILLS 1. Identification and diagnosing appropriate periodontal disease. 2. Plan Treatment according to the individual need of the Patient. 3. Develop skills to perform, scaling, root planning and polishing 4. Develop techniques to educate and motivate the patients
COURSE CONTENTS
Theory : IV Year BDS : 74 Hours Gingival Enlargement Inflammatory Enlargement Drug Induced Enlargement Idiopathic Gingival Enlargement Enlargement associated with Systemic diseases Neoplastic Enlargement False Enlargement Oral Malodor Evidence based Decision Making Periodontal Medicine: Impact of Periodontal infection on systemic health Oral Malodor Aging on the Periodontium Effects of Aging on the Periodontium Classification of Diseases and conditions affecting the Periodontium Epidemiology of Gingival and periodontal disease Acute Gingival Infections Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis Pericoronitis Gingival Diseases in Childhood Desquamative Gingivitis and Oral Mucous Membrane Diseases The Periodontal Pocket Bone Loss and Patterns of Bone Destruction Periodontal response to external forces Trauma from occlusion Masticatory system disorders Chronic Periodontitis Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis, Refractory Periodontitis and Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic Diseases Aggressive Periodontitis Localized Aggressive Periodontitis Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis 2 Hrs 1 Hr 1Hr 1 Hr 2 Hrs 1Hr 1Hr 2 Hrs 1Hr 2 Hrs 1 Hr 1Hr 1Hr 1Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr 2 Hrs
AIDS and the Periodontium Pathogenesis Epidemiology and Demographics Oral and Periodontal manifestations Treatment Protocol Clinical Diagnosis Laboratory aids Periodontal Screening and Recording System Radiographic Aids in the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease Advanced Diagnostic Techniques Risk Assessment Risk factors for periodontal disease Levels of Clinical Significance Determination of Prognosis The Treatment Plan Rationale for Periodontal Treatment Periodontal Therapy in the Female Patient (Puberty, Menses, Pregnancy and Menopause) Treatment of Aggressive Forms of Periodontitis: Refractory, Early-Onset, Necrotizing Ulcerative, and Periodontitis Associated with Systemic Diseases Periodontal Treatment of Medically Compromised Patients Periodontal Treatment of Older Adults Treatment of Periodontal Abscess Non Surgical Therapy Phase I therapy Plaque Control for the Periodontal Patient Toothbrush Dentifrice Tooth brushing Methods Inter dental Cleaning Aids Gingival Massage Oral Irrigation Disclosing Agents
2 Hrs
1 Hr
1 Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr
1 Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr
1Hr. 1 Hr
Scaling and Root Planning Chemotherapeutic Agents Antibiotics Host Modulation Splints Periodontal Splints Purpose, Classification Local Delivery of Antibiotics Host Modulation Agents Sonic and Ultrasonic Instrumentation Supragingival and Subgingival Irrigation Occlusal Evaluation and Therapy Adjunctive role of orthodontic therapy Periodontic-Endodontic Continuum The Surgical Phase of Therapy Phase II periodontal Therapy General Principles of Periodontal Surgery Out Patient Surgery Hospital Periodontal Surgery Surgical Instruments Surgical Anatomy of Periodontium and Related Structures Gingival Surgical Techniques Gingival Curettage Gingivectomy Treatment of Gingival Enlargement The Periodontal Flap Classification Flap Design Incisons Suturing Techniques The Flap Technique for Pocket Therapy Resective Osseous Surgery Reconstructive Periodontal Therapy Furcation: Involvement and Treatment
1 Hr 2 Hrs
1 Hr
1 Hr
1 Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr 1 Hr 2 Hrs
1 Hr
1 Hr
2Hrs 2 Hrs
2 Hrs
1 Hr 1 Hrs
Periodontal Plastic and Esthetic Surgery Recent Advances in Surgical Technology Preparation of the periodontium for restorative Dentistry Restorative Interrelationship Oral Implantology Biological Aspects of Dental Implants Clinical Aspects of Dental Implants Diagnostic Imaging for the Implant Patient Standard Implant Surgical Procedures Implant related complications and Failures Supportive Periodontal Treatment Dental Ethics Legal Principles: Jurisprudence Dental Insurance Aging and the Periodontium
1 Hr 2 Hrs
1 Hr
CLINICAL TEACHING HOURS FOR III AND IV BDS Clinical work and case discussion 25 Detailed Case History and Discussion 50 Oral Prophylaxis Demonstration of All Surgical Procedure Maintenance Therapy Total 040 100 030 030 200
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION A. Theory : 100 marks Distribution of Topics and type of Questions Contents Type of Questions and Marks Multiple choice questions M.C.Q. 25 x 1 = 25 Long essays One long essay from basics and etiopathogenesis One long essay from treatment Short essays 3 short essay from etiopathogenesis 1 short essays from basics 1 short essays from treatment 4 short answer from etiopathogenesis 3 short answer questions from basics 3 short answer questions from treatment Total B. Viva-Voce : 25 marks Etiopathogenesis Treatment Basics Total PRACTICALS C. Clinical Examination : 75 marks Exercise No.1 : Clinical Case History - Marks : 25 Exercise No.2 : Clinical Work (Oral Prophylaxis) - Marks : 50 10 marks 10 marks 05 marks 25 Marks 100 Short answers 10 x 3 marks = 30 30 Short essay 5 x 5 marks = 25 25 Long essays 2 x 10 marks 20 25 Marks
Edn 10
th
Contemporary Peridontics
----
5th
th
Munksguard Copenhagen
2007
1998
S. P. Ramfjord, M. M Ash
---
1996
T. ITO, J. D. Johnson
-----
----
Cohen
----
C. V. Mosby Company, U. S. A.
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10
PROSTHODONTICS AND CROWN AND BRIDGE INTRODUCTION: Prosthodontics deals with replacement of lost teeth or tissue by means of artificial substitutes. Prosthodontic educational and research focus has evolved dramatically in recent years. This progress resulted from major initiatives like material research, understanding of masticatory system and management of edentulism.
GOAL The goal is to provide in-depth training in removable Prosthodontic in general and removable partial prosthodontics in particular.
OBJECTIVES A) KNOWLEDGE At the end of III BDS course the student is expected to, 1. To understand basis of designing and fabrication of removable partial denture. 2. To provide quality and professional care to all patients.
B) SKILL At the end of III BDS course the student is expected to, 1. 2. Acquire skills of diagnosing and designing of partial denture. Possess skill of treating large diversity of patients.
COURSE CONTENTS Theory : 15 Hours - (I Hour per week) I. Introduction : 1 Hour a. Terminology Definitions History Scope in Prosthodontic therapy b. Stomatognathic system cranio mandibular system (Masticatory apparatus) c. Components of masticatory apparatus Functions d. Applied anatomy, histology and physiology of the components of craniomandibular system e. Applied growth and development including genetics, immunity. f. Reasons for loss of teeth and associated structures.
g. Clinic and laboratory facilities for prosthodontic therapy (equipments, instruments, materials). h. Prosthodontic therapy for diseases of cranio mandibular system. i. Asepsis and cross infection control in clinical and laboratory. Hospital and laboratory waste disposal system and management.
Applied Dental Anatomy : Physiology, nutrition, occlusion, occlusal curves, vertical overlap, horizontal overlap, condylar path, saliva, pain and other reflexes, neuro muscular mechanism and applied psychiatry medicine.
II. Removable Partial Denture Prosthesis : 1 Hour 1. Introduction and scope 2. Terminology 3. Classifications 4. Examination, diagnosis and treatment planning 5. Components of removable partial dentures and their functions
Major connectors: 2 Hours Mandibular major connectors Maxillary major connectors Minor connectors : 1 Hour Functions Form and location Tissue stops Finishing lines Reaction of tissues to metallic coverage Form of occlusal rests and rest seats Rests and rest seats Interproximal occlusal rest seals Internal occlusal rests Incisal rests and rest seals Lingual rests on canines and incisor teeth Possible movements of partial denture Support for rests
Direct retainers: 2 Hours Internal attachments Extra coronal direct retainers Relative uniformity of retention Criteria for selecting a given clasp design Basic principles of clasp design Designs of clasps
Indirect retainers : 1 Hour Denture rotation about an axis Factors influencing effectiveness of indirect retainers Auxillary functions of indirect retainers Forms of indirect retainers Auxillary occlusal rests Canine extensions from occlusal rests Canine rests Continuous bar retainers and linguo plates Modification areas Rugae support Direct indirect retention Denture base considerations Tooth supported partial denture base Distal extension partial denture base : 1 Hour Functions of denture bases Methods of attaching denture bases Ideal denture base material Advantages of metal bases Methods of attaching artificial teeth Need for relining Stress breakers : 1 Hour Types of stress breakers Advantages of stress breakers Disadvantages of stress breakers Advantages of a rigid design Disadvantages of a rigid design Stress breaking principles Principles of removable partial denture design Biomechanical considerations Other factors influencing Differentiation between two main types of removable partial dentures Essentials of partial denture design Components of partial denture design Additional considerations influencing design
Surveying : 2 Hours Description of a dental surveyor Purposes of a surveyor Factors that determine path of placement and removal Step by step procedures in surveying a diagnostic cast Final path of placement Recording relation of cast to surveyor Surveying the master cast Measuring retention and balancing of retention Influence of survey line in designing of clasps Blocking out the master cast Relieving the master cast Paralleled block out, shaped block out, arbitrary block out and relief Preparation of the mouth for removable partial denture Oral surgical preparation Conditioning of abused and irritated tissues Periodontal preparation Periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning Initial disease control therapy Definitive periodontal therapy Recall and maintenance Advantages of periodontal therapy Preparation of abutment teeth Classification of abutment teeth Sequence of abutment preparation on sound enamel Abutment preparation using conservative restorations Abutment preparation using crowns Splinting of abutment teeth Use of isolated teeth as abutment Missing anterior teeth Temporary crowns when a partial denture is being worn Fabricating restorations to fit existing denture retainers
Impression materials and procedures for removable partial dentures : 1 Hour Rigid materials Thermoplastic materials Elastic materials Impressions of the partially edentulous arch Individual impression trays Support for the distal extension denture base Distal extension removable partial dentures Factors influencing the support of distal extension bases Method for obtaining functional support for distal extension base
Occlusal relationship for removable partial denture : 1 Hour Difference in natural and artificial occlusion Desirable occlusal contact relationship for removable partial denture Method for establishing occlusal relationship Materials for artificial posterior teeth Establishing jaw relation for mandibular removable partial denture opposing a maxillary complete denture Laboratory procedures Duplicating a stone cast Waxing the partial denture framework Anatomic replica pattern Spruing, investing, burnout, casting and finishing of the partial denture framework Making record base Occlusal rims Making a stone occlusal template from a functional occlusal record Arranging posterior teeth to an opposing cast Types of anterior teeth Waxing and investing the partial denture before processing the acrylic resin base Processing the denture Remounting and occlusal corrections to an occlusal template Polishing the denture
Work authorization for removable partial denture Work authorization Definitive instructions by work authorization Legal aspects of work authorization Relining and rebasing the removable partial denture Relining tooth support supported denture base Relining distal extension denture base Method of reestablishing occlusion of a relined partial denture Repair and additions to removable partial denture Broken clasp arms Fractured occlusal rests Distortion or breakage of other components Loss of teeth not involved in the support or retention of the restoration Loss of an abutment tooth necessitating its replacement and making a new direct retainer Other types of repair Repair by soldering Temporary removable partial denture Appearance Space maintenance Reestablishing occlusal relationships Conditioning teeth and residual ridge Conditioning the patient for wearing a prosthesis Removable partial denture considerations in maxillofacial prosthodontics : 1 Hour Maxillofacial prosthodontics Intraoral prosthesis design considerations Maxillary prosthesis Mandibular prosthesis Treatment planning Framework design Class I resections Class II resections Mandibular flange prosthesis
Clinicals : - 500 Hours ( Including III & IV year Programme) III B.D.S. 200 hours Work to be done by each student during IIIrd B.D.S. 1. Complete Denture 2. R.P.D. - 2 Nos. - 5 Nos.
Scheme of Examination As per DCI this subject has no Theory or Practical Examination
Recommended Books Sl. No. 1. Author Mc Giveney Glen P. Stuvart Tile MC Craekens Removable Partial Prosthodontics Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics Edn 9th Year of Publn. 1995 Publishers Name Mosby Price $ 25.00
2.
II
1997
2nd 2nd
---
---
All India Publishers & Distributors Medical Publishers, 920, Poonamalli High road, Chennai - 600084 Longman Singapore Publishers Wolfe Publishing, Europe
Rs. 495
---
---
IV YEAR B.D.S. SYLLABUS (PROSTHODONTICS AND CROWN AND BRIDGE) INTRODUCTION: Prosthodontics is a part of the dental science that improves the esthetic and functional aspects of the oral and maxillofacial region through artificial restoration of the lost teeth and adjacent soft tissues. Prosthodontics has been an integral part of dentistry since time immemorial. With the passage of time this dynamic science has also evolved a great deal. Continuous research has lead to improved concepts and better foundation in this field. GOALS: The goal is to provide information in the basic and the applied sciences, as well as advanced aspects of Prosthodontics. The course is intended to involve all Prosthodontic disciplines including complete and removable prosthodontics, fixed prosthodontics, implant and maxillofacial
prosthodontics. Emphasis is placed on diagnosis and treatment planning with the application of various treatment modalities utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to patient therapy. OBJECTIVES: A. KNOWLEDGE 1. To understand present contemporary, technologically, and biologically-oriented aspects of prosthodontics. 2. To Provide opportunities in research, scientific articles and clinical and/or research presentations 3. To motivate students for research and continuing education in the ever increasing competitive world of dentistry.
B SKILL At the end of IV B.D.S. course students is expected to : 1. Ensure proficiency in diagnosis, treatment planning, and management of multi-disciplinary cases. 2. Practice prosthodontics in a technically competent manner as an integral part of general dentistry practice 3. Provide biologically and scientifically based education in order to render cost effective, satisfactory and world class treatment. 4. Provide quality and professional care to all patients
[III B.D.S 15 hours (1 Hour per week), IV B.D.S. 50 hours (2 hours per week) I. Introduction j. k. l. Terminology Definitions History Scope in Prosthodontic therapy Stomatognathic system cranio mandibular system (Masticatory apparatus) Components of masticatory apparatus Functions - 1 Hour
m. Applied anatomy, histology and physiology of the components of craniomandibular system n. Applied growth and development including genetics, immunity. o. Reasons for loss of teeth and associated structures. p. Clinical and laboratory facilities for prosthodontic therapy (equipments, instruments, materials). q. Prosthodontic therapy for diseases of cranio mandibular system. r. Asepsis and cross infection control in clinical and laboratory. Hospital and laboratory waste disposal system and management.
Applied Dental Anatomy: Physiology, nutrition, occlusion, occlusal curves, vertical overlap, horizontal overlap, condylar path, saliva, pain and other reflexes, neuro muscular mechanism and applied psychiatry medicine.
II. Elements of Fixed Prosthodontics (Crown and Bridge Prosthesis) Introduction, definitions Terminologies Indication and contraindications
1 Hour
1 Hour
Selection and choice of abutment teeth Biomechanical principles of tooth preparation Preservation of tooth structure Retention and resistance form Structural durability of the restoration Marginal integrity Preservation of the periodontium
1 Hour 2 Hours
10
Full veneer crowns Maxillary and mandibular posterior three quarter crowns Anterior three quarter crown Pin modified three quarter crowns Seven eighths crown Proximal half crowns
2 hours
Anterior/ posterior porcelain fused to metal crowns All ceramic crowns Preparation, modifications for damaged teeth Modifications for damaged vital teeth Conversion of defects into retentive features Solution to common problems
2 hour
Endodontically treated tooth Preparation modifications for special situations Preparation for fixed bridge abutment Preparation for removable partial denture abutments
1 hour
Isolation of working field and temporary protections of prepared tooth Gingival retractions and impression procedures Construction of DIES of working models, direct and indirect technique
1 hour
Techniques of fabrication of retainers and materials used, its application with reference of fabrication and esthetics
Selection and fabrication of pontics and esthetics Connectors, stress-breakers and assembly of fixed bridges Finishing, cementing and maintenance of crowns and bridges Laser and high speed
1 Hour
Implants Osseo-integrated supported prosthesis Introduction and scope advantages and disadvantages Classification
1 hour
11
Applied material science, patient evaluation pre-osseo integration and preparation treatment plan, applied surgical procedures Osseointegrated supporting prosthesis occlusion, esthetics insertion and maintenance Examination, diagnosis and treatment planning and other clinical and laboratory procedures.
Maxillofacial Prosthesis
1 hour
Restoration of congenital and acquired oral and para oral defects (Facial Prostheses, including osseo integrated support facial prosthesis). Splints Obturators Bruxism and management of occlusal attrition
Miscellaneous
1 hour
Patient and practice management in prosthodontic clinical ethics, law, jurisprudence and forensic odontology in prosthodontic practice Assistants Laboratories and clinic Communication methods Technician work Authorization, methods and legality During impression recording in partial, complete edentulous situation and maxillofacial defects Precautions and management of traumatic accidents in tooth preparation use of constrictor in anesthetic solutions and retraction cords Ill fitting dentures Broken clasps, facings Broken prosthesis General management of elderly and C.V.S. and immuno-compromised patients
IV. Complete denture prosthesis a. Biomechanics of the edentulous state Mechanism of tooth support Mechanism of complete denture support Masticatory load Mucosal support Residual ridge Psychologic effect on retention Functional and parafunctional considerations Occlusion Functions: Mastication and swallowing Mandibular movements 2 Hours
12
Para functions Distribution of stresses to the denture supporting tissues changes in morphological face height and the temporomandibular joint Face height Centric relation Temporomandibular joint changes Individual behavioral or adaptive response Cosmetic changes Dietary changes Adaptive and psychological changes Adaptive potential of the patient
b. Tissue response to complete denture prosthesis: The aging edentulous patient Soft tissue changes
Effects of Aging:
1 hour
Oral changes Mucosa and skin Residual bone and the maxillomandibular relation Disuse atrophy Changes in the size of the basal seat Maxillo mandibular relations Tongue and taste Salivary flow and nutritional impairment Degenerative changes Dietary problems Psychologic changes
1 Hour
Diagnosis and treatment planning for patient with some teeth Remaining Diagnostic procedures History and records Immediate complaints
3 hours
Systemic evaluation CVS, respiratory, renal, endocrines, CNS and other Temporomandibular joint disorders
13
Intra oral examination Diagnostic cast Interarch space problems Radiographs and other investigations
Treatment Plan Mental attitudes and classification Deciding whether to extract the remaining teeth Pre-extraction record
Diagnosis of patient with no teeth remaining Examination charts and records General observations affecting diagnosis age, sex, occupation, ethnic general health and nutrition social training patient complaints gait Facial features
1 Hour
Radiographic and intraoral examination Advantages of a radiographic examination Intra oral examination Ridge form Ridge relations Arch shape Sagittal profile of the residual ridge Shape of the palatal vault Relation of the hard and soft palate Muscular development Saliva Cheeks and lips Muscle tonus Muscular control Jaw movements Temporomandibular joint problems Tongue size and position Throat form Gagging
14
Development of the Treatment Plan Communicating with the patient Nutrition care of the denture patient Nutritional needs and status of the elderly Calcium and bone health Vitamin supplementation Nutrition counseling
1 Hour
Identification and management of the patient with problems Basic rules to follow to avoid problems Conduction of the comprehensive examination Correctional procedures prior to making prosthesis
1 Hour
Patient behavior characteristics observed during the examination appointment that may indicate future management problems Disrupting regular office routine Overreacting to normal examination procedures Downgrading or criticizing treatment provided by a previous dentist 1 Hour
Economics of prosthodontic service Improving the patients denture foundation and ridge relations Non-surgical methods: Rest for the prosthesis supporting tissues Occlusal and vertical dimension correcting of old prostheses Good nutrition and Conditioning of the patients musculature
Surgical Methods Hyperplastic ridge, epulis fissuratum, and papillomatosis Frenular attachments and pendulous maxillary tuberosities Bony prominences, undercuts, spiny ridges, and non-parallel bony ridges Discrepancies in jaw size Vestibuloplasty Ridge augmentation Replacing tooth roots by Osseo integrated dental implants
Rehabilitation of the Edentulous Patient Biologic considerations for Maxillary Impressions Macroscopic anatomy of supporting structures
2 Hours
15
support for the maxillary denture residual ridge stress-bearing areas incisive papilla posterior palatal area bone of the basal seat
Macroscopic anatomy of limiting structures - Resistant and non-resistant areas Peripheral valvular seal areas
Microscopic anatomy Histological nature of soft tissue and bone Microscopic anatomy of supporting tissues Microscopic anatomy of limiting structures
Maxillary Impression Procedures Principles and objectives of impression making Factors of retention of dentures Acquired muscular control Health of the basal seat tissues
1 Hour
Impressions for the edentulous patient Primary impression-Patients position, operators position, stock trays, materials and step by step procedure for making primary impression. Impression trays-special trays and design for final impression Final impression materials
Impression techniques: First technique-border molded special tray Second technique-one step border molded tray Third technique-custom tray design based on the previously worn prosthesis.
Biologic considerations for mandibular impressions Sequelae of tooth loss Macroscopic anatomy of the supporting structures -Stages of changes in the mandible Throat form and tongue positions
2 Hours
16
-Mental foramen area resorption -Insufficient space between the mandible and the tuberosity -Direction of ridge resorption -Torus mandibularis
Macroscopic Anatomy of Limiting Structures: Buccal vestibule External oblique ridge and the buccal flange Masseter muscle region Distal extension of the mandibular impression Retromolar region and pad Influence and action of the floor of the mouth Sublingual gland region Alveololingual sulcus Lingual frenum and lingual notch Lingual flange
Microscopic Anatomy Supporting tissues Crest of the residual ridge Buccal shelf area
Mandibular impression procedures Classification of mandibular impressions Aims and objectives, and theories of impression making Construction Procedures
1 Hour
Biologic considerations in jaw relations and jaw movements Anatomic factors Temporomandibular articulation Classification of jaw relations
2 Hours
Movements of the mandible Practical significance of understanding mandibular movements Methods of studying mandibular movements Influence of temporomandibular joints Clinical understanding of mandibular movement
1 Hour
17
Biologic consideration in vertical jaw relations Anatomy and physiology of vertical jaw relations
1 Hour
Establishment of the vertical maxillomandibular relations for complete denture prosthesis Methods of determining the vertical dimension
Biologic considerations in horizontal jaw relations Muscle involvement in centric relations Orienting centric relation to hinge axis Significance of centric relation
1 Hour
Recording and transferring bases and occlusion rims Trial denture base, or recording base Occlusion rims Guide for esthetics Central line, lip line, canine line, smile line -level of the occlusal plane -preliminary centric relations records
2 Hours
Relating the patient to the articulator Articulators -articulators based on theories of occlusion -articulators based on the type of record used for their adjustment Selection of articulator for complete dentures
1 Hour
Selecting artificial teeth for the edentulous patient Mold charts and shade guides Anterior tooth selection Pre-extraction guides Size of the anterior teeth Form of the anterior teeth The dentogenic concept in selecting artificial teeth
1 Hour
Posterior tooth selection Bucco lingual width of posterior teeth Mesiodistal length of posterior teeth Vertical length of the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth Types of posterior teeth according to materials Types of posterior teeth according to cusp inclines
18
Preliminary Arrangement of Artificial Teeth Guides for preliminary arranging anterior teeth Setting maxillary anterior teeth in wax for try in Setting mandibular anterior teeth in the wax for try in Preliminary arrangement of posterior teeth Setting posterior teeth for try in
1 Hour
Perfection and Verification of Jaw Relation Records Verifying Vertical Dimension Verifying the centric relation Extra oral articulator method
1 Hour
Creating Facial and Functional Harmony with Anterior Teeth: Anatomy of natural appearance and facial expression Normal facial landmarks Maintaining facial support and neuromuscular balance
Basic guides to developing facial and functional harmony Patient acceptance of arrangement of anterior teeth
Completion of the try in: Eccentric jaw relation records articulators and cast adjustments, establishing the posterior palatal seal Protrusive and lateral relations Controlling factors of movement Eccentric relation records Establishing the posterior palatal seal 1 Hour
Arranging Posterior Teeth for Functional Harmony: Importance of occlusion Maintenance of occlusal harmony Differences in artificial occlusion and natural occlusion Reduced inclines in dentures
Rational for arranging posterior teeth in temporomandibular joint disturbances Factors of centric occlusion Critical components in arranging posterior teeth Occlusal schemes used in complete dentures for the edentulous patients Techniques for arranging cusped teeth in Balanced occlusion Techniques for arranging cuspless teeth in occlusion
19
Appearance and Functional Harmony of Denture Bases Materials used for denture bases Acrylic resin Metal Formation and preparation of the mold packing the mold Preserving the orientation relations Construction of remounting casts Completing the rehabilitation of the patient Treatment of the time of the denture insertion Errors in occlusion Interocclusal records for remounting dentures Interocclusal record of centric relation Remounting the mandibular denture verifying centric relation
Patients instructions after care and recall and management of patient complaints: 1 hour Protrusive inter occlusal record Alternative use of plaster inter occlusal records advantages of balanced occlusion in complete dentures Special instructions to the patient -individuality of patients -appearance with new dentures -mastication with new dentures -speaking with new dentures -oral hygiene with dentures Maintaining the comfort and health of the oral cavity in a rehabilitated edentulous patient Twenty four hour oral examination and treatment -adjustments relaxed to the occlusion -adjustments relaxed to the denture bases -subsequent oral examination and treatments
Immediate Denture Treatment -indication for immediate dentures -contraindications to immediate denture service -delayed and transitional dentures -treatment planning -clinical procedures -subsequent service for immediate dentures
1 Hour
20
Single complete dentures opposing natural teeth -maxillary single dentures -clinical and laboratory procedures -subsequent problems with single dentures against natural teeth -mandibular single dentures -supplemental prosthodontic procedures for the edentulous patient
Over Dentures Advantages & Disadvantages Indications & Treatment Planning Selection of abutment teeth Clinical Procedures
1 Hour
1 hour
-static impression technique closed and open mouth relines/ rebases -functional impression technique -chair side technique
Repair of Complete Dentures and Duplication of Casts: -Maxillary and mandibular fracture repair -repairs using cold-curing resin
Osseointegrated Prosthesis (Dental Implants) for the Edentulous Patient -maladaptive denture behavior -use of dental implants -patient considerations -tissue integration in the edentulous patient
1 Hour
21
Clinicals:
500 hours (including III and IV year programs) Clinical Programs (Assignments)
500 hrs
IV BDS
3 Complete dentures 10 Interim partial dentures 1 Immediate complete denture 1 relining of complete denture 1 rebasing of complete denture 2 repair of complete dentures
1. FPD Preparation of crown anterior, posterior, one each 2. Relining and rebasing, repair 1 each immediate denture 1 single Single denture 1 denture 1
Demonstrations of clinical and laboratory procedures for maxillofacial prosthesis, and osseo integrated supported prosthesis*
22
Scheme of Examination A. Theory: 100 marks Distribution of Topics and type of Questions Contents Multiple choice questions Type of Questions and Marks M.C.Q. 25 x 1 = 25 Long essays One long essay from complete denture One long essay from removable partial denture/ fixed partial denture Short essays 4 short essay from complete denture 3 short essays from removable partial denture 3 short essays from fixed partial denture Short answers 4 short answer from complete denture 3 short answer questions from removable partial denture 3 short answer questions from fixed partial denture Total B. Viva-Voce : 25 marks Complete denture Removable partial denture Fixed partial denture Implants, maxillofacial and Allied prosthesis Total C. Clinical Examination : 75 marks (i) Exercise No.1 - Marks : 40 Final impression for an edentulous patient Maxillary or Mandibular 1. Peripheral Moulding 30 marks 2. Impression 10 marks (ii) Exercise No.2 - Marks : 25 Preparation of the tooth to receive all porcelain or metal ceramic crown (on phantom head) (iii) Exercise No.3 - Marks: 10 Designing on the master cast for a RPD frame work Total (i+ii+ iii) = 40+25+10 = 75 Marks D. Internal Assessment Theory: 25 marks, Practicals : 25 marks - 5 marks 25 Marks - 10 marks - 5 marks - 5 marks 100 Short answers 10 x 3 marks = 30 30 Short essay 5 x 5 marks = 25 25 Long essays 2 x 10 marks 20 Marks 25
23
Text Books and Reference Books: Sl. No. 1. 2. Author Boucher Heartwell Title Prosthodontic treatment of edentulous patients Syllabus of complete denture Edn. XII IV Year of publn. 2004 1992 Publishers Name Mosby St.Louis, Missouri, USA. Varghese Publishing House Hindi Rajasthan Building, Bombay, India. Mosby, St.Louis, Missouri, USA. --Quintessence Publications 551, North Kimberly Drive, Carol Stream, IL-601881881 Ishiyaku EuroAmerica, Inc. 716, Hanley Industrial Court, St.Louis Missouri, USA. --Mosby Price $76 Rs.595
3. 4. 5.
IV --I
2006 --1987
$70 -- 53
6.
Tylman
VIII
1993
$ 69
7. 8.
Modern practice in fixed prosthodontics Mc Crackens Removable Partial Prosthodontics Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics
--9th
--1995
--$ 25.00
9.
III
1997
Quintessence Publications 551, North Kimberly Drive, Carol Stream, IL-601881881 All India Publishers and Distributors Medical Publishers, 920, Poonamalli High Road, Chennai600084. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA. Mosby, St.Louis Missouri, USA.
37
10.
Stewart
II
1997
Rs.495
11.
Skinner
1996
$35
12.
Craig
VI
1996
$35
24
13.
Combe
Notes on Dental Materials Contemporary Implant Dentistry Tissue Integrated Prosthesis Dental Crowns and Bridges: Design and preparation Removable Denture Prosthodontics Removable partial
VI
1992
Churchill Livingstone, NY, USA ----Martin Duntiz Ltd., U.K., London Longman Singapore Publishers Wolfe Publishing Europe
$4.95
Carl Misch Branemark Bernard G. N. Smith A.A. Grant/ W Johnson Dr. Sybille K. Leehner, Prof.A. Roy, McGregor Grant Health McCord George F. Kantorowicz Bengt O Wall Arud F. Kayser Gunnar E. Carlsson
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----1986
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17.
2nd
--
--
18.
2nd
--
--
19. 20.
Complete Denture A clinical handbook inlays, crowns and bridges Prosthodontics Principles and Management Strategies
Wolfe Publishing Europe Indian Edition by Varghese Company Mosby, Wolfe Mosby-Wolfe
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21. 22.
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25