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0 1
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:
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e
ij

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. i j
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3-7-1

d
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dx dx

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2-1
.

S
R

350.00
346.09
334.38
314.84
287.50
252.34
209.38
158.59
100.00

352.63
347.42
335.27
315.48
287.95
252.65
209.56
158.68
100.00

358.73
348.31
337.90
313.59
289.29
249.70
210.12
155.06
100.00

377.78
356.24
335.11
315.28
249.44
254.83
197.22
148.61
100.00

433.33
391.67
350.00
308.33
266.67
225.00
183.33
141.67
100.00

0
0,125
0.250
0.375
0.500
6.625
0.750
0.875
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)(2-1
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 1-8 ) (Shape Function

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1-8-1

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15-1

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15-1 .
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n-1 .
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~ x x1 ~ x2 x
u1 +
u2
x2 x1
x2 x1

= )u ( x

16-1
L1 L2 :

x2 x x2 x
=
x2 x1
L

= )L1 ( x

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x x1 x x1
=
x2 x1
L
~
~
~
:
u = L1 ( x)u1 + L2 ( x)u2
17-1 . L1 L2
.

= )L2 ( x

17-1

4-8-1
) L1(x) L2(x :
L1 ( x1 ) = 1 L1 ( x1 ) = 0
L1 ( x1 ) = 0 L2 ( x2 ) = 1
L1 1 L2 2 .
:
x1 < x < x2
(
L1 ( x) + L2 ( x) = 1
(
x1 L1 ( x) + x1 L2 ( x) = x

5-8-1
:

)dL1 ( x) dL2 ( x
+
=0
dx
dx

)dL1 ( x) dL2 ( x
.
.dx
dx
dx
.

. Local Coordinate System
. x1
x2-x1 :

L ( x) L ( x)dx

18-1
,

x
)(49-1
x2 x1
49-1 .
.

= ( x2 ) = 1, ( x1 ) = 0

19-1
:
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1
) (1 +
2

= ) L2 (

1
(1 ) ,
2

= ) L1 (

:
)(51-1
) x = x1 L1 ( ) + x2 L2 (
. :

dx
1
= d
2
d
1
1
1
= (1 ) 2 d = [(1 )3 ]+11
4
24
3

) ( x)dx = L1 (
2

1
)(52-1
3
) ] ([-1 ,1 :

= ( x)dx

1
8

)(53-1

= L1 ( ) L2 ( )d

L ( x) L ( x)dx = 2
1

1
= (1 )d
6
2

dx

)( x

u . :

)u ( x) = u1 L1 ( x) + u2 L2 ( x
u1 , u2 u :
2

= [u1 L1 + u 2 L2 ] dx = (u1 L12 + u 2 2 L2 2 + 2u1u 2 L1 L2 )dx = u12 L12 dx +

1
1 1 2
2
] + 2u1u 2 = [u1 + u 2 + u1u 2
3
6 3

+ u2

2 1
3

u 22 L2 + 2u1u 2 L1 L2 dx = u1
2

6-8-1 2
2 u
2 :
2
~
)(54-1
x1 x x2 u ( x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x
u .
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. x
:
2
~
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u = 1 + 2 x + 3 x

~
u x = 0 =u1
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1

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)(56-1

)(57-1

u1 = 1

1 2
1

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2
2

u3 = 1 + 2 + 3

:
~
)(58-1
u = Q1 ( x)u1 + Q2 ( x)u2 + Q3 ( x)u3
:
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x
2 x
Q1 ( x) = (1
) )(1
1
1
x
4 x
= )Q2 ( x
) (1
1
1
x 2 x
( = )Q3 ( x
) 1
1 1
:
)(60-1
1

Node 2,3 x' = , x' = 1

2

Node 1 x' = 0,1

)(61-1
Node 1,3
Node x
)(62-1
Node 1,2

0 at
= )Q1 ( x
1 at
0 at
= )Q2 ( x
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)(63-1
Q1 ( x) + Q2 ( x) + Q3 ( x) = 1
0 x 1
) (16-1 .
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= ) Q1 (

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= ) Q3 (

Q1 Q2 Q3 20-1 :
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20-1

1-8-7

Qi .
. 2
. :

= ) Q1 (

)( 1
2
Qi i 1 . ) Q1 (
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. Q1
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1 = 1 . :

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2
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1
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2
.
: " " 4 .

21-1
: ) Q2 (

) Q 2( ) = KF ( )G ( ) H ( ) I (
) = 1 = 0 F ( ) ( 1) = + 1 F (
G ( ) =0 = 0 G ( ) =
1
2

= 0 H ( ) =

1
2

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1
2

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K ( )( )( 1)( + 1) 1 = 1
=
2
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8
1
3 1
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2
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3
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8
1
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