Preparation and Standardization of 0.1N AgNO3 Principle Involved: The preparation of involves standardization with NaCl.

The standardization involves direct titration wherein there is a precipitation using AgNO3, forming a white curdy precipitate of AgCl. (Christian, 1980, p.237) The endpoint of the titration is a change of color from greenish-yellow to magenta which is given by the complex of the anion of the indicator, Eosin Y, with the excess silver ions (Jeffery et.al, 1989, pp.346, 351). The titration is carried out in acidic conditions (about pH 2) and should be performed in the dark (Jeffery et.al, 1989, pp.346, 347). II. Procedure: Dissolve about 17.5g of AgNO3 in 1000mL of water and standardize the solution as follows. Transfer about 100mg, accurately weighed of reagent grade sodium chloride, previously dried at 11O0C for 2 hours, to a 150 mL beaker, dissolve in 5mL of water and add 5 mL of acetic acid, 50mL of methanol and about 0.5mL eosin Y TS. Stir, preferably with a magnetic stirrer and titrate with the silver nitrate solution.  N=    (USPCI, 2007, p.821) Clean-up Procedure: The resulting mixture from the titration of NaCl solution should be thrown in the metal waste bottle. (Chua et. al., 2010, p. 14) Reasons for Important Steps: 1. The titration should be performed in the dark since solutions of silver are light sensitive and may decompose to elemental silver. The indicator, Eosin Y, also catalyzes the photodecomposition of the preparation. This is also the reason why the preparation needs to be standardized. (Christian, 1980, p.237) 2. The solid sodium chloride needs to be dried prior to titration since it is very slightly hygroscopic. (Jeffery et.al, 1989, p.349) 3. Excess sodium chloride should be dried before weighing out the 100mg since it may still be impure due to the moisture content. 4. Eosin Y is used as an indicator since its anion complexes with traces of excess silver ions which is primarily absorbed by the precipitate of AgCl. Its anion is secondarily absorbed, i.e. it is more absorbed than the nitrate ions in solution. (Jeffery et.al, 1989, p.346) 5. Methanol is added to for the greenish-yellow fluorescence to be more pronounced. (Merck & Co., 2000) 6. The pH of the solution is adjusted to around 3 since this is where the color change is sharpest. Unlike fluorescein, Eosin Y, being a stronger acid, has the advantage of not easily ionizing back to its acid form despite the acidity of the mixture. This is because the complex cannot be formed if Eosin Y is not in the form of its conjugate base or its anionic form. (Jeffery et.al, 1989, p.347) 7. Since Eosin Y is too strongly absorbed and easily displaces the chloride ion primarily absorbed on the surface of the precipitate even before the endpoint, addition of acetic acid can minimize this from happening by slightly suppressing the ionization of the indicator. (Jeffery et.al, 1989, p.347) Chemical Equation/s: NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3 (Soine and Wilson, 1967, p.328) Pre-laboratory Computations: 0.1N AgNO3 = References
  

I.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

g AgNO3 = 16.987g VII.

CHUA, C.C.S., 2010. Laboratory Manual in Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Pharmaceutical Chemistry 121) Second Semester AY 2010 2011. Manila: Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department. JEFFERY, G.H., BASSETT, J., MENDHAM, J., and DENNEY, R.C., 1989. Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 5th edition. England: Longman Scientific and Technical.