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a. neuron
Principal Parts: Dendrites - specialized signal -receiving structures where the impulse(input) enters Cell body -the central region -integrates input and output. Axon - where the output is discharged.
Impulse synapse
axon(one
neuron)
SYNAPSE
the functional conjunction between two neurons making conduction of nerve impulses continuous from one to the other. limit the nerve fiber to one-way traffic. MYRIADS of neurons connect in diverse way to make up the central nervous system. 12 billion neurons in the central nervous system.
Types of neurons
FUNCTION:
q Sensory Neurons afferent fibers conduct impulses to the nervous system. q Association Neuron central or connecting conduct impulses within the nervous system. q Motor Neurons efferent fibers conduct impulses away from the nervous system.
v 10m/s impulses in the fastest move of neurons. v 0.5m/s impulses in the slowest move of neurons. The speed of condition is matched by the thickness of the Myelin sheath insulating material around the axon. the more myelin, the faster the conduction.
1.)Simple Reflexes
automatic response to stimuli.
*reflex arc -a chain consisting of a sensory organ. Three nerve cells: the sensory, the connecting & the motor.
EXAMPLES:
Flexion reflex -withdrawal of limb from a painful stimulus. Extensor reflex (knee jerk) Scratch reflex
EXAMPLES:
The seasonal migration of birds and fishes. The mating behaviors of many species. The maternal instinct.
involves more neurons and may take more time before reaction or response take place.
d. Nerve Impulses
Receptor
Impulse size and speed: The nerve impulse varies with the size of the fiber. ( It is proportional to the square of the fibers diameter)