Report: DIFFERENT TYPES OF HARBOUR

Concentrating on the classification based on Protection needed

Prepared by: Rohi Muthyala NIT Hamirpur (2008-12) batch

What is a HARBOUR

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A harbour can be defined as a basin or haven or road-stead of navigable waters well protected naturally or artificially from action of wind and waves, and is situated along sea-shore or river estuary or lake or canal connected to sea. The harbours are classified as under:  Classification depending upon the protection needed  Classification depending upon the utility  Classification based upon the location

Terminology
y Break Waters: Structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal y

y y

y y y

defence or to protect an anchorage from the effects of weather and long shore drift to absorb the energy of the waves that hit it. Road-Stead: A place outside a harbour where a ship can lie at anchor. It is an enclosed area with an opening to the sea, narrower than a bay or gulf. Dock: An area of water for building or repairing or loading and unloading ships or ferries Jetty: A structure, such as a pier, that projects into a body of water to influence the current or tide or to protect a harbor or shoreline from storms or erosion. Wharf: A fixed platform, commonly on pilings, where ships are loaded and unloaded. Port: A facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. Quay: A wharf or bank where ships and other vessels are loaded.

Classification of Harbour depending upon the protection needed

 Natural Harbours (Eg: Mumbai and Kandla harbours)

It is naturally protected.
 Semi-Natural Harbours (Eg: Visakhapatnam harbour)

It is protected on sides by headlands and it requires man-made protection only at the entrance.
 Artificial Harbours (Eg: Chennai harbour)

It is protected from the effect of waves either by breakwaters or by dredging.

Mumbai Harbour

Ferry Wharf

Fishing harbour

Indira Dock, ship repair

Visakhapatnam Harbour

Harbour

Ferry Wharf ship repair

North Breakwater 412m Fishing harbour

Chennai Harbour

Chennai terminal From the sea

Break Waters

Harbour

ship repair

Containers

Cargo storage

Ferry Wharf

Major Ports of India

oldest and biggest commercial ports

IMPORTS

PORTS OF CHENNAI

EXPORTS

wheat, raw cotton, machinery, and iron and steel

second busiest port in India

iron ore, leather, and cotton textiles

DOCKS IN THE PORT OF CHENNAI JAWAHAR DOCK

BERTHS

TOTAL LENGTH(m)

MAX. LENTH OF PERMISSIBL EACH E DRAFT(m) BERTH(m) 10.4 - 11 218.3

1310

AMBEDKAR DOCK

13

1676

8.5 - 12

246(longest)

BHARTHI DOCK

917.2

14.6 -16.5

274.3 -338.9

The traffic projections for the Port of Chennai

HEADQUARTER TO EASTERN NAVAL COMMAND

IMPORTS

Port of Visakhapatnam

EXPORTS

Soft wall gun, wax emulsion, toy wind up bird

BIGGEST SHIPBUILDING YARD

Articles of wood kitchen & bath, coated art board etc.

The Port of Visakhapatnam's East Quay

y It has a total of 1849 meters of berths. y East Quay Berths 1-4 have maximum permissible draft y y y y

of 10.06 meters. Berths 1-3 are each 167.6 meters long, and Berth 4 is 231 meters long. East Quay 5 is 167.6 meters long, East Quay 6 is 182.9 meters long. Both berths have maximum permissible draft of 10.21 meters. East Quay Berths 7-9 are each 255 meters long with maximum permissible draft of 11 meters.

HARBOURS OF PORT OF VISHAKHAPATTNAM OUTER HARBOUR

AREA COVERED (ha.) 2

BERTHS

DRAFT(m)

17(1 .5)

INNER HARBOUR

18

1 .7-11

DEEP NATURAL HARBOUR

IMPORTS

PORTS OF MUMBAI

EXPORTS

Crude oil, steam cargo, iron and steel

INDIAs ECONOMIC ENGINE

Molasses, oil cakes, edible oil, food grains

PORTS OF MUMBAI
CARGO HANDLING

400 sq.Km. natural deep water lake. Total area of 46.3 hectares. Total quay lenth of 7.8 thousands meters. 63 anchorage points.

Handled total of 57 millions tons of cargo 32.4 million tons of imports 24.7 million tons of exports

Contains eight berths when commissioned in 1880. When commissioned in 1888 , then total of 14 berths.

DOCKS OF PORT OF MUMBAI INDIRA DOCK

BERTHS

TOTAL LENGTH OF BERTHS(m) 228.6(each)

ALONGSIDE BERTH DEPTH(m) 7-9

26

PRINCE S DOCK

1220

6.1-6.4

VICYORIA DOCK

14

1732

6.7

The traffic projections for the Port of Mumbai

HINTERLAND
The hinterland is the land behind the borders of a coast or river. Specifically, the word is applied to the inland region lying behind a port, claimed by the state that owns the coast. The area from which products are delivered to a port for shipping elsewhere is that port's hinterland

Hinterland Connection- Challenges

Ports are congested

Poor access to r ral roads

challenges

Rail ays facing severe ca acity constraints

Main

ongested and oor ality of roads

Inefficient & Efficient Hinterland Links

A Comparison

Inefficient Hinterland Links

It is like a congested Road traffic Increases Supply Chain cost with consequent economic, environmental & social problems

Efficient Hinterland Links

It is like a superhighway system. Efficient turnaround time Cost saving & environment friendly Boost to Hinterland economy

Nodes of Infrastructure for Port

Success of port is a function of all the 3 major Nodes Minimum capacity of any node determines Capacity of Port

Indian Scenario

SOLUTION
 Avoid unnecessary journeys.  Upgrading more transport arteries and hubs.  Cross state border transport initiatives shifting more traffic to railways and inland

waterways  Environmentally friendly and climate friendly transport  Good working conditions and good training in the freight transport industry

Why India Not Able to Achieve It?

CARGO FORECASTING
Cargo Forecast:Cargo handling forecast is the most pertinent factor as it enables us in deciding upon the future infrastructure and other functional facilities required and service levels demanded. Cargo forecasting includes two components:-

 Commodity analysis  Market Drivers

CONT .
Commodity Analysis:In order to understand the trade flux, the traffic analysis is carried out based on the last some year statistics of cargo volume handled at the Port. The same is presented in table which helps to analyze the transformation pattern for each major commodity individually.

CONT
Market Drivers:-

The traffic handled at the Port is affected by the multiple market drivers. These market drivers help in projecting the growth rates for the commodities as we look into the future and work out a traffic forecast.

MARKET DRIVERS

DEMAND FORECASTING
Demand forecasting is done to know about the commodities required in a particular dock.
Commodities have been split into two groups:
Major commodities Other commodities

Major commodities

Other commodities
1)

1) Coal 2) Iron Ore 3) Containers 4) Automobiles

2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Fertilizers Grains and sugar Engineering goods Steel products Consumer products SEZ products

Storage capacity of docks depends upon: Land Available  Material to be handled  Storage boxes available

CONT .
Dock boxes are also known as indoor dock storage boxes or outdoor dock storage boxes. Their main objective is to provide a suitable place to keep your dock accessories safe and sound. These can also be used to store other equipment like
y garden equipment y pool tools y blankets and toys etc.

They keep the goods dry even in harsh weathers. They can be used as an additional seat on your boats while you have your dock accessories or boat washing supplies stored in them.

Specialty dock boxes

Low profile dock boxes

St ra e Boxes

Trian ular dock boxes

Standard dock boxes

Seat top dock boxes

Storage equipment
SHORE ELECTRIC CRANE GANTRY CRANE

MOBILE CRANE

DIESEL FORK LIFT TRUCK

Mobile Cranes

Diesel Fork Lift Truck,

CONT .

DIESEL ELECTRIC LOCO

FLOATING CRANE

Queries..??

References:
www.worldportsource.com www.deloitte.com http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/index.html Images from Google Earth y International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2003 (ISSN 1053-5381) Harbour, Dock and Tunnel Engineering by R.SRINIVASAN

Breakwaters

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Roadstead

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Schooner anchored in a roadstead in Sardinia, Italy

Docks

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Jetty

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Wharf

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Port

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Quay

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