12-631 Structural Design

Exam 1 Solution Sheet

S06

Jib Crane
A steel jib crane is constructed of a Beam BC pinned at Joint B and supported by a tension Member AC at Joint C as shown on the following page. Beam BC is a double channel member made up of two C9x20 channels arranged back to back to make up the beam section. Tension member AC is a single 1/2" thick by 3" wide steel bar pinned at Joint A and bolted to the Beam BC at Joint C with two 3/4" Dia. A325-N bolts. Details of the bolted connection at Joint C are shown in the Elevation and Section Views of the Detail at Joint C. The steel bar and steel channels are made of A36 steel. The dimensions and properties of the double C9x20 channels are given in the tables below. The jib crane supports a vertical pick-up service live load, PL, which can act anywhere along Beam BC. Find the allowable magnitude for PL considering the tension strength of Member AC, the compression and bending strengths of Beam BC and the strength of the bolted connection at Joint C. In your analysis, the following assumptions can be made: 1. Only live loading occurs, that is, neglect the weight of the members and the dead load and impact load components of the pick-up load. 2. When the pick-up load is at Joint C, Beam BC is in "compression" only and the tension force in Member AC and compression force in BC are at their maximum values. 3. When the pick-up load is at some location between Joints B and C, the beam is in "bending" only. 4. The pinned connections at Joints A and B will not govern. 5. The compression flange of Beam BC is laterally stable. 6. Joints A, B & C are supported to prevent lateral displacement, i.e., these joints cannot move in a direction perpendicular to the Plane ABC. 7. Block shear and bending shear in the webs of the double channels will not govern.

Dimensions of each C9x2 Channel: 0 d, in tw, in bf, in tf, in k, in 9.0 0.448 2.65 0.413 1.0 Properties of the Double C9x2 with a Separation 0 2 3 4 As, in Zx, in Ix, in Iy, in4 rx, in ry, in 11.74 33.8 121.8 13.0 3.22 1.05

t f

b f ( a v g . )

t w

1 / 2 "

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12-631 Structural Design

Exam 1 Solution Sheet

S06

1 0 ' 0 "

1 / 2 " x 3 " T e n s io n B a r

B PL 1 0 ' 0 "

3 "

T w o 3 / 4 " D ia . A 3 2 5 - N B o lt s 1 / 2 " 3 " 2 "

T w E

9 x 2 0

l e v a t i o n V i S we c t i o n a l V i e w e D E T A I L A T J O I N T C

kips := 1000lbf

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12-631 Structural Design

Exam 1 Solution Sheet

Fy := 36 ksi Lbc := 10 ft Fu := 58 ksi Fub := 120 ksi

S06

Material Properties: Length of Beam BC:

Es := 29000ksi

Tension Strength of Member AC

b := 3 in t := 1 2 in A g := b t s b := 3 in A g = 1.5in
2

Le := 2 in

d b :=

3 4

in

Tension Member Area:

Bolt Hole Dia.:

1 d h := d b + in 8

d h = 0.88in A n = 1.06in A e := U A n Tny = 48.6kips Tnf = 46.22kips A gt = 0.75in

2 2 2

Net Area: Effective Net Area: Yield Limit State:

A n := A g d h t
U := 1

A e = 1.06in

Tny := 0.9 Fy A g Tnf := 0.75Fu A n A gt := b 2 t

Fracture Limit State: Block Shear Limit State:

A nt := A gt 0.5 d h t A gv := s b + Le t A nv := A gv 1.5 d h t 0.6 Fu A nv = 64.16kips

A nt = 0.53in A gv = 2.5in
2

A nv = 1.84in

>

Fu A nt = 30.81kips

Therefore, shear fracture - tension yielding Tnbs := 0.75 0.6 Fu A nv + Fy A gt mode controls, and:

Tnbs = 68.37kips

Strength of Bolted Connection at C

Shear Strength of Bolts: Bolts in double shear, therefore, Bolt Area:
mb := 2
Rnv := 0.75 0.4 Fub mb A b

A b :=

db

A b = 0.44in

Since threads iNcluded in shear plane, the shear strength per bolt is:

Rnv = 31.81kips

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12-631 Structural Design

Exam 1 Solution Sheet

S06

Bearing Strength of Bolts on Tension Member AC:

s b = 3 in

>

3 d b = 2.25in

and

Le = 2 in

>

2.5 d b = 1.87in

Since the above spacing and end distances are met, then the bearing strength per bolts is:

Rnb := 0.75 2.4 Fu d b t

Rnb = 39.15kips

Bolt bearing in the channel sections will not govern since the bolt load transfered to each channel is one-half of the total bolt load, and the web thickness of the channels is more that one-half the thickness of the tension member.
Rnv = 31.81kips Rnb = 39.15kips

Minimum Strength of the Bolted Connection:

Tnb := 2 min Rnv , Rnb

Tnb = 63.62kips

Bolt shear controls connection strength. Min. Strength of Tension Member and Bolts:
Tu := min Tny , Tnf , Tnbs , Tnb

Tu = 46.22kips

Fracture Limit State controls strength of AC

Equilibium of Forces at Joint C

The maximum tension in AC and compression in BC will occur when the pick-up load is at Joint C. A free-body diagram of the forces at that joint is shown in the sketch below: Equilibrium of forces in the vertical direction gives: Tu sin 45o - Pu = 0 Equilibrium of forces in the horizontal direction gives: Cu - Tucos 45o = 0 Solving for Tu and Cu, we obtain: Tu = Pu/sin 45o = 1.414 Pu and Cu = Tu cos 45o = Pucos 45o/sin 45o = Pu

4 5

C u

Pu
Ultimate Pick-up Load Based on Tu:
Tu Put := 1.414

Put = 32.69kips

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12-631 Structural Design

Exam 1 Solution Sheet

S06

Compression Strength of Member BC

Required properties of the double C9x20 channels separated by 1/2" Properties of Both Channels:
A s := 11.74in Ix := 121.8in rx := 3.22in
4 2

Dimensions of Each Channel:

3

Zx := 33.8in Iy := 13.0in

d := 9 in b f := 2.65in k := 1 in

t w := 0.448in t f := 0.413in h := d 2 k
h = 7 in

ry := 1.05in bf tf = 6.42

Width to thickness ratios for each channel:

<

95 Fy ksi 253 Fy ksi

= 15.83

Therefore, the sections can yield before local buckling of the flange and web.

h tw

= 15.63 <

= 42.17

Unbraced Length:

Lbc = 10 ft

Kx := 1.0

Ky := 1.0

Since Kx = Ky = 1.0 and rx > ry, then buckling about the weak axis, y, will govern.
c := Ky Lbc ry Fy Es
2

c = 1.28

c < 1.5, therefore, inelastic buckling governs

2 0.658 c F Fcr := y

Fcr = 18.1ksi
Pnc = 180.62kips

Fcr := 0.85Fcr

Fcr = 15.39ksi

Pnc := 0.85Fcr A s

and the compression strength of the member becomes:

Cu := Pnc
Cu = 180.62kips

The maximum compression force in BC will occur when the pick-up load is at Joint C and from the above equilibrium equations, Pu = Cu. Ultimate Pick-up Load Based on Cu:
Puc := Cu
Puc = 180.62kips

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12-631 Structural Design

Exam 1 Solution Sheet

S06

Bending Strength of BC
Check if section is compact:
bf tf = 6.42

<

65 Fy ksi

= 10.83

h tw

= 15.63

<

640 Fy ksi

= 106.67

Also, it is assumed that the compression flanges of the channels are laterally stable. Therefore, the channels are compact and can develop the full plastic moment Moment Capacity of the Double C6x13 Section:
M n := 0.90Zx Fy M n = 91.26ft kips

M u := Mn

M u = 91.26ft kips

Pu B Pu
2 2

Pu L
2

Pu
2

L
M a x . M = P L / 4

As shown in the sketch above, the maximum moment in BC will occur when the pick-up load is at mid-span. In this case, the magnitude of the moment produced by the pick-up load will be: Mu = PumLbc/4 . Solving for Pum, we obtain: Ultimate Pick-up Load Based on Mu:
4 M u Pum := Lbc
Pum = 36.5kips

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12-631 Structural Design

Exam 1 Solution Sheet

S06

Minimum Value of Pu:

In summary, we have:
Put = 32.69kips Puc = 180.62kips Pum = 36.5kips

Therefore,

Pu := min Put , Puc , Pum

Pu = 32.69kips

Tension in AC governs.

Corrersponding Service Load:

The Live Load factor is 1.6 and the service pick-up load becomes:
Pu PL := 1.6 PL = 20.43kips

Therefore, this crane should be rated for a service load of 20 kips or 10 Tons.

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