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AnInves4ga4onintoSouthern
California sOxygenateProle
ClaytonElder
SARP2011WholeAirGroup
Dr.DonBlake
Introduc)on
OxygenatesofInterest
Ethanol,Methanol,MTBE
Methods
Rowland/BlakeTraceGasAnaly)calSystem
ComparisonTechniques
MappinginArcGIS
Findings
ComparisonsbetweenSanJoaquinValleyandLABasin
OxygenateCorela)ons
OxygenateProles
EvidenceofOxygenateProduc)onandUseage
Conclusions
Projec)ons&Implica)ons
OxygenatesofInterest
Methanol
Vola)leSolvent,MiscibleinH2O
UsedasFuelforDragRacing
ToxicinHumans(Destroys
Nerve)ssue)
NaturallyEmiXedfromLiving
Plants
~2WeekLife)mein
Atmosphere
MTBE
Methyltertbutylether
PolarSolvent
Usedasanan)knocking
agentinGasoline
Iden)edasgoundwater
contaminantinmid1990s
ReducedUsageSincemid90s
~4DayLife)meinAtmosphere
OxygenatedHydrocarbons(Alcohols)
Ethanol
DrinkingAlcohol
SolubleinWater
FuelAddi)ve(BioFuel)
NaturallyEmiXedfromLiving
Plantsanddecomposing
OrganicMaXer(fermenta)on)
~4Daylife)meinAtmosphere
FromGassesinaCanto
InterpretableData
Concentration Data
(Absorbance Peaks)
Multi Detector GC
System
Baseline Modified
Data Organized into
Excel Spreadsheet
nal
o
i
t
c
n
Fu
Data
on
i
t
a
t
e
r
Interp
Ethanol/MethaneasIndicatorsof
CaXleFarms
Ethanolevolu)on
fromsilage
stockpile
fermenta)on
Methane
evolu)onfrom
wasteseXling
ponds
LinearCorrela)ons
3500.0
3000.0
2500.0
t
p 2000.0
p
e
n
a
h
tE 1500.0
1000.0
500.0
0.0
0
200
400
600
iButaneppt
800
1,000
Ethanol/MethaneBiModalPlot?
8000
7000
6000
t 5000
p
p
l
o 4000
n
a
h
tE
Other Source?
Harris Ranch
3000
2000
1000
0
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
Methaneppm
2.00
2.50
3.00
Uptakeand
EmissionsofShort
ChainOxygenates
R.Secoetal./AtmosphericEnvironment41(2007)
24772499
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20HighestEthanol
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Concentra)onsin
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FourMissions
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TopEthanolValuesProle
SARP2011
SARP2010
NumberofSamplesExamined
130
94
MaxEthaneppt
7613
1769
20thHighestEthaneppt
1963
830
GeneralLoca4onofMax
OrangeCove,CA WofMerced,CA
Ethane
SARP2009
ARCTAS
202
11889
5300
856
5407
2902
OrangeCove,CA
SWofDavis,CA
SAME REGION
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Legend
SARP_2011 Top 20 Ethanol
Ethanol ppt
3
1
-7
61
#*
39
9
-3
99
2
28
6
-2
86
2
23
2
21
6
-2
32
4
-2
16
3
19
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-1
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-1
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6
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8
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66
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-6
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63
0
58
7
-6
30
6
-5
87
0
53
0
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76
0
11
0
85
4
91
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-9
-1
10
11
54
-8
83
0
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Ethanol,Methanol,MTBEasFuel
Addi)ves?
Increasingpopularityinaddingethanolin
Gasoline(Bioenergyresource)
Methanolusedinhighperformancevehicles
MTBEtradi)onallyusedas an)knock agent
HYPOTHESIS:
Duetothehighconcentra.onofgasoline
consump.onintheLABasin,Weexpecthigh
concentra.onsofthesefueladdi.ves.
Day1Flights:Ethanolpptv.JulianTime
8000
7000
6000
t 5000
p
pl
o 4000
n
a
ht
E 3000
2000
1000
0
179.75
179.80
179.85
179.90
179.95
180.00
180.05
JulianTime
AMFlight(SanJoaquinValley)
PMFlight(LABasin)
180.10
Day2Flights:Ethanolpptv.JulianTime
4500
4000
3500
t 3000
p
pl 2500
o
n
a 2000
ht
E
1500
1000
500
0
181.75
181.80
181.85
181.90
181.95
182.00
JulianTime
AMFlight(SanJoaquinValley)
PMFlight(LABasin)
Day1Flights:Methanolpptv.Julian
Time
700
600
500
t
p
pl 400
o
n
a
ht 300
e
M
200
100
0
179.75
179.80
179.85
179.90
179.95
180.00
180.05
JulianTime
AMFlight(SanJoaquinValley)
PMFlight(LABasin)
180.10
Day2Flights:Methanolpptv.JulianTime
700
600
500
t
p
pl
o 400
n
a
ht 300
e
M
200
100
0
181.75
181.80
181.85
181.90
181.95
182.00
JulianTime
AMFlight(SanJoaquinValley)
PMFlight(LABasin)
MTBEConcentra)onsinARCTAS
(2008)Missions
225
200
175
150
t
p 125
p
E
B
T
M100
75
50
25
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 17 18 19 20
ArctasFlightNumber
21
22
23
24
25
SARP2011MTBEConcentra)ons
8.0
7.0
6.0
t 5.0
p
p
E 4.0
B
T
M
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
178
180
182
184
186
JulianTime
188
190
192
194
Conclusions
Withthesimplicityofcomparinggasconcentra)ons
andcorrela)onsalongwithArcGISmapping
Techniques,tracegasprolescanbeeasily
iden)ed.
ExaminingtheprimarylobeintheEthanol/Methane
correla)onleadsustobelievelivingplants
(par)cularlyOrangeTrees)areaprimarysourceof
ethanolintheSanJoaquinValley
Oxygenateaddi)veshavenoapparentsignicancein
theLABasin
MTBEConcentra)onsCon)nuetobeontheDecline
SpecialThanks
Air Group Super Team
Don Blake
Julie Lee
Rowland/Blake Lab Research Team
Emily Schaller
Rick Shetter
Shawn Kefauver & Sherry Palacios
NSERC
NASA
Ques)ons?