Professional Documents
Culture Documents
B.TECH
2009
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF B.TECH IN ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
2.0
System Features :
EWSD Digital switching system has been designed and manufactured by M/s Siemens, Germany. The name is the abbreviated form of German equivalent of Electronic Switching System Digital (Electronische Wheler Systeme Digitale). EWSD switch can support maximum 2,50,000 subscribers or 60,000 incoming, outgoing or both way trunks, when working as a pure tandem exchange. It can carry 25,200 Erlang traffic. It is claimed that the system can withstand a BHCA of four million with CP-113C in case of EWSD Powernode (two million in case of EWSD Classic). However, the effective dynamic call set up performance depends on the available features and the actual callmix. It can work as local cum transit exchange and supports CCS No.7, ISDN and IN and V5.X features.
3.0
System Architecture :
The main hardware units of an EWSD switch are as under:(1) (2) Digital line unit (DLU) - functional unit on which subscriber lines are terminated. Line/Trunk Group (LTG) - Digital Trunks and DLUs are connected to LTGs.
Switching Network
LTG GP
SSNC
Coordination
SYPC
SYP MB
CCG
EM OMT
CP
MBC
SGC
The access function determined by the network environment are handled by DLUs and LTGs .
(3)
Switching Network (SN) - All the LTGs are connected to the SN which inter connects the line and trunks connected to the exchange in accordance with the call requirement of the subscribers. CCNC and CP are also connected to SN.
(4) Coordination Processor (CP) - It is used for system-wide coordination functions, such as, routing, zoning, etc. However each subsystem in EWSD carryout practically all the tasks arising in their area independently. (5) Common Channel Signaling Network Control (CCNC) Unit or Signaling System Network Control (SSNC)- This unit functions as the Message Transfer Part (MTP) of CCS#7. The User Part (UP) is incorporated in the respective LTGs.
Block diagram of EWSD is given on previous page. It also shows that the most important controls are distributed throughout the system. This distributed control reduces the coordination overheads and the necessity of communication between the processors. It results in high dynamic performance standard. For inter-processor communications , 64 kbps semipermanent connections are set through SN. This avoids the necessity for a separate interprocessor network.
3.1
Digital Line Unit (DLU) Analog or Digital (ISDN) subscribers, PBX lines or V5.1 interface are terminated on DLU . DLUs can be used locally within the exchange or remotely as remote switch unit , in the vicinity of the groups of subscribers. DLUs are connected to EWSD sub-systems via a uniform interface standardized by CCITT, i.e., Primary Digital Carrier (PDC) to facilitate Local or Remote installation. A subset of CCS# 7 is used for CCS on the PDCs. One DLU is connected to two different LTGs for the reasons of security. A local DLU is connected to two LTGs via two 4 Mbps (64 TSs) links, each towards a different LTG. In case of remote DLUs, maximum 4 PDCs of 2 Mbps (32 TSs) are used per DLU, two towards each LTG. Hence total 124 channels are available between a DLU and the two LTGs, out of which 120 channels are used for user information (speech or data) and signaling information is carried in TS16 of PDC0 and PDC2. In case of a local DLU interface, TS32 carries the signaling information. Within the DLU, the analog subscribers are terminated on SLMA (Subscriber Line Module Analog) cards (module). Similarly Digital (ISDN) subscribers are terminated on the SLMD modules. Each module can support 16 subscribers, hence has 16 SLCA/SLCDs (Subscribers Line Circuit Analog/Digital) and one processor SLMCP.
Subscriber lines and PBX lines for small and medium-sized PBXs
Local application
LTG
SN
Subscriber lines and PBX lines for small and medium-sized PBXs
Remote application
DLU
LTG
Remote application : in same directory number area, in another directory number area, as extension to conventional exchange.
CP
One DLU can carry traffic of 100 Erlangs. A standard rack of DLU (local ) can accommodate two DLUs of 952 subscribers each. In case the link between a remote DLU and the main exchange is broken, the subscribers connected to the remote DLU can still dial each other but metering will not be possible in this case. For emergency service DLU-controller (DLUC) always contain up-to-date subscribers data. Stand Alone Service Controller card (SASCE) is provided in each R-DLU for switching calls in such cases ( call setup and release for analog and ISDN subscribers and enables DTMF dialling for push-button subscribers). This card is also used for interconnecting a number of remotely situated DLUs (maximum 6), in a cluster, called a Remote Control Unit (RCU), so that subscribers connected to these remote DLUs can also talk to each other in case the link of more than one DLU to the main exchange is broken. All DLUs are provided with a Test Unit (TU) for performing tests and measurements on SLCAs, subscribers lines and telephones. An ALEX (ALarm EXternals) module is used for forwarding external alarms, i.e., fire, temperature, etc. to System Control Panel (SYP). Numbers of SLMAs are accordingly reduced to accommodate these modules. The main components of a DLU are: y y y y y y SLMAs and / or SLMDs Two Digital Interface Units for DLU (DIUD) for connections of the PDCs. Two DLU Controls (DLUC) Two 4 Mbps networks for the transmission of user information between SLMs and the DIUDs. Two control network for the transmission of control information between SLMs and DLUCs. Test Unit (TU), External Alarm module (ALEX) Alarm modules.
DLUG
The latest type of DLU is DLUG which can accommodates upto 1984 analogue subscribers with 32 ports per SLMA but the SLMD still accommodates 16 subscribers. It can be connected to four LTGs with 16 PDCs with a provision of one signalling channel (CCS) per LTG. It can handle up to 390 Erlangs of traffic.
3.2
Line/Trunk Groups
The line/trunk groups (LTG) forms the interface between the digital environment of an EWSD exchange and the switching network (SN). Maximum traffic handling capacit y per LTG is 100 Erlang. The LTGs are connected in any of the following ways : (i) Via 2/4 Mb/s PDCs with remote/local DLUs to which subscribers are connected (ii) Via 2 Mbps digital access lines to other digital exchanges in the network ( MF R2 Trunks, CCS#7 Trunks) (iii) Via Primary rate Access lines to ISDN PBXs (ISDN subscribers with PA)
(iv) V5.2 Trunks, Announcements Trunks, OCANEQ, X.25 Links for PSPDN, IP ( SSP) Functions The primary functions of the LTG are as follows: (i) Call processing functions, i.e., receiving and analyzing line and register signals, injecting audible tones, switching user channels from and to the switching network, etc. (ii) Safeguarding functions, i.e., detecting errors in the LTG and on transmission paths within the LTG, analyzing the extent of errors and initiating counter-measures such as disabling channels or lines, etc. (iii) Operation and maintenance functions, i.e., acquiring traffic data, carrying out quality-of-service measurements, etc. The LTGs can work with all standard signaling systems (e.g. CCITT No. 5, R2, No.7). Echo suppressers like DEC120 can be incorporated in the LTGs for the connection of long-haul circuits (e.g., via satellite). Although the subscriber lines and trunks employ different signaling systems, the LTGs present signaling-independent interface to the switching network. This facilitates the following: - flexible introduction of additional or modified signaling procedures, - a signaling-independent software system in the CP for all applications.
DLU
DIUD0 SLMA Test line Analog and ISDN Subscriber lines, PBX lines y y y DLUC0
PDC0 PDC1
to two LTGs
PDC2
DIUD1 SLMD
PDC3
Test
DLUC1
4096 kbps network 0 4096 kbps network 1 Control network 0 Control network 1
TU
Frame TYPE
A Type (For DLUs[L&R], PRI, Trunks)
LTGN
C Function
(For Trunks on CAS & CCS and CCS#7 signalling channels) B Type (for special functions like COUC, PHMA ( V5.2), ATE:N, OCE:N)
In case of LTGP, A type frame is used for all type of functions except for user interactive LTG where B type frame is used.
The bit rate on all highways linking the line/trunk groups and the switching network is 8192 kbps ( 8 Mbps ). Each 8 Mbps highway contains 128 channels at 64kbps each. Each LTG is connected to both planes of the duplicated switching network. The functional units of the line/trunk group are: y Line / Trunk Unit (LTU) is a logical unit that comprises a number of different functional units, i.e. Digital Interface unit ( DIU30 ) for connection of 2 Mbps digital trunks and either DLU or PA. One LTG can comprise four DIU30. Code Receivers (CR) are Multi-frequency code receivers for trunks or DTMF subscribers. Conference Unit, module B or module C (COUB or COUC) for conference calls. This is installed in special function LTGMs or LTGNs. Automatic Test Equipment for Trunks (ATE:N) checks trunks and Tone Generators (TOG) during routine tests. This is installed in special function LTGMs or LTGNs.
Signaling Unit (SU) comprises Tone Generator (TOG) for audible tones, Code Receivers (CR) for MFC signaling and push-button dialing and Receiver Module for Continuity Check (RM:CTC), etc. Group Switch (GS) which functions as non-blocking time stage switch ( 512 TS) controlled by the GP. Link Interface Unit (LIU) connects LTG to SN via two parallel 8 Mbps SDCs. Group Processor (GP) controls the functional units of the LTG. The received signals from LTU, SU, GS and LIU are processed with the help of GP software. In LTGG, GS and LIU have been combined into GSL module. One LTG rack can accommodate 40 PCMs in five LTGG frames, each containing two LTGGs. LTGM was the next standard type of LTG. Only three modules are necessary for a complete LTGM namely DIU120A or DIU:LDIM, GPL and GSM. Upto 30 LTGM can be installed in one rack with each frame containing 5 LTGM.
y y
LTGN was introduced next to LTGM. Only one module (GPN) makes up a complete LTGN for the basic tasks. Upto 16 LTGN can be installed in frame F:LTGN(A) and a rack can contain 64 LTGN. However, if module like COUC, PHMA for V5.2,
ATE:N, DEC120 or OCE:N is to be accommodated alongwith GPN to implement a special function, only 8 LTGN can be accommodated in F: LTGN(B). LTGP is the latest release of LTG. One GPP module accommodates four LTG with a provision of one additional module like PHMA, DEC120 or OCE:N etc for each GPP to implement a special function. Up to 32 LTG can be installed in one frame F:LTGP(A) and a rack can accommodate 192 LTG using six frames. However, if one of the LTG is to work as a user Interactive LTG requiring module OCE:N and one or two modules VPU:N, the frame required will be F:LTGP(B) which can accommodate 28 LTG in one frame.
LIU GS
CR TOG CTC
SIHI SIHO
to/from SN (8Mbps
SN1
LTG 1
SDC:LTG
SN
LTG n
SDC:LTG SDC:SSG
CCNC
SDC:CCNC
CP
MB
SDC:TSG
Switching Network
The switching network is always duplicated (planes 0 and 1). Each connection is switched simultaneously through both planes, so that a standby connection is always immediately available in the event of a failure. Each TSG can accommodate 63 SDCs from LTGs and one SDC to MB. One SDC is extended from SGC of each TSG and SSG towards MB. Thus one TSG can handle upto 63 LTGs. The switching network can be expanded in small stages by adding plug-in modules and cables and if necessary by assigning extra racks. Optimized switching network configurations are available in a range of sizes. The smallest duplicated SN:63 LTG configuration which can handle 30,000 subscriber lines or 7,500 trunks when fully equipped is installed in a single rack and can handle 3150 erlangs traffic. In its maximum configuration, the EWSD switching network has 8 TSGs and 4 SSGs (in 12 Racks) to connect 504 LTGs and has a traffic - handling capacity of 25,200 erlangs. SNs for 126 LTGs and 252 LTGs are also available which can handle 6300 and 12600 erlangs traffic respectively. SN(B) has only 5 types of modules and each TSG and SSG is accommodated in only two shelves of the respective racks. Remaining four shelves accommodate LTGs.
Main Functions:
*Speech Path Switching
*Message Path Switching *CCS#7 signaling channels connection (NUC)
Switching
The primary function of a switching system is to establish a connection between two points. The major component of the switching system or exchange is the switching matrix. Apart from the switching matrix, the switching system consists of many other functions to perform call processing. Switching basic concepts Switching matrix is the hardware that provides the connectivity between any input output line pair. There may be n inlets and m outlets and these inlets/outlets may be connected to subscriber lines or trunk lines (see figure 1).
When all the input lines and output lines are connected to subscribers then the switch provides the connectivity among the subscribers connected. In this case, there can be n/2 simultaneous conversations that can be connected by the switching matrix. This type of a switch is said to be non-blocking, in other words, no subscriber is denied a connection for want of switching resources. Normally, not all the subscribers converse simultaneously. Hence, a switch is designed to cater to the average number of simultaneous calls that is expected. This design may, occasionally, bring up a situation when there is no free switching path available, when a subscriber requests a connection. This is called a blocking switch in which the number of simultaneous connections possible is less than the maximum number of simultaneous conversations possible.
Switching techniques Different methods are employed to establish the required connection in an exchange. The two most widely used methods are time switching and space switching. Space switching was exclusively used in electromechanical switching systems and with the advent of digital technology, time switching has become a popular option. Also, to increase the switching capacity combination of time and space switching methods are also employed. This is called combination switching.
Space switching : In space switching, a dedicated path is established between the two subscribers for the entire duration of the call. This method is used in electromechanical and electronic exchanges, by forming a matrix of incoming and outgoing lines. In digital exchanges, speech is coded on PCM and the information is transferred at the same instant of time from input to output. Many PCM links may be inputs and outputs to the space switch, which transfers the information from one link to another at the same interval. This switching between links is called space switching.
Time switching :
In digital systems, speech samples are transferred at regular intervals of time, in other words, every subscriber is allocated a timeslot to send his speech samples on the PCM link. These speech samples are stored and transferred to the output during a different timeslot. This technique of timeslot interchange of information is called time switching. Here the information is switched within the same link, but at different instants of time. In the time switch, the incoming information is written sequentially in a memory. A control memory contains the list, or the order in which the read operation should take place. A counter synchronizes both the write and read operations together with the outgoing time slots.
Combination switching :
There are some limitations in both time and space switching that can be overcome by multistage and combination switching. These structures also permit to increase the switching capacity for a given technology. A combination switch can be built by a number of stages of time (T) and space (S) switches. A three-stage combination switch in which time stages are placed on either side of a space stage is referred to as TST switch. Other multistage typical configurations include TSST, TSSSST and TSTSTSTS.
Switching systems A switching system is composed of elements that perform switching, control and signalling functions. When the control subsystem is an integral part of the switching network, then it is called direct control switching systems. Those systems in which the control subsystem is outside the switching network are called common control switching systems. Strowger exchanges are direct control systems, whereas, crossbar and electronic exchanges are common control systems. Manual exchanges :
The early exchanges were manually operated in which all the functions were performed by humans. All the subscriber lines were terminated on a switchboard present at the exchange. A lamp indicating the status of the line was available for every subscriber. The operator sends the ringing current to the called subscriber using a plug ended cord pair. When the called subscriber goes offhook, connection was made by the plug ended cord pair in the corresponding subscriber line jack. In a manual switching system, the operator controlled the entire call processing function.
Automatic exchanges : Strowger switching system was the first automatic switching system developed in 1889. It is an electromechanical exchangethat performs the switching function in a step-by-step fashion. In the Strowger system, there are two types of selectors that form the building blocks for the switching system : Uniselector Two-motion selector
A uniselector has a single rotary switch with a bank of contacts. Each bank is
associated with a wiper for making the contact. The first contact is called the homing contact and the remaining are switching contacts. Depending upon the number of switching contacts, uniselectors are identified as 10-outlet or 24-outlet uniselectors. A two-motion selector is capable of horizontal as well as vertical stepping movement. Normally, there are 11 vertical positions and 11 horizontal contacts in each vertical position. The wiper in a two-motion selector has access to 100 switching contacts, the remaining being homing contacts.
The Strowger system may be constructed using these two types of selectors. The wiper movements of the selectors are controlled by the dial pulses or other signals like offhook etc. from the subscriber line.
The line finder provides the subscriber access to the switching resources. Depending upon the exchange capacity the number of group selectors may vary. The final selector establishes the connection with the called subscriber. The entire call set up is controlled by the subscriber signals.
1. When A goes offhook, a relay activates the call finder, which hunts for As line. 2. Call finder operation is stopped and another relay connects tone generator to feed dial tone to A. 3. A starts dialling. The first digit activates the group selector, which advances in time with the incoming pulses and is directed to the final selector that is connected to B. 4. The final selector advances with the incoming pulses of the next digit and selects Bs line. 5. Connection is established. Ring to B and RBT to A.
Crossbar switching :
The basic idea of crossbar switching is to provide a matrix of n x m sets of contacts and select one of the n x m set. This is also called coordinate switching as the contacts are arranged in x-y plane. The subscriber lines are connected in an array of horizontal and vertical wires, which have a set of horizontal and vertical contacts connected to them. Each contact point pair acts as a crosspoint switch. The sequencing of energizing the horizontal inlets and vertical outlets performs the switching function. Crossbar switches used electromechanical relays for establishing the connection and later switched over to electronic devices to perform the switching function. The crossbar systems are designed using space-switching techniques. There were many limitations of the electromechanical switching systems like delayed call setup, maintenance of mechanical parts, capacity expansion, feature addition etc. With the arrival of digital electronics and computers modern electronic exchanges started replacing their electromechanical counterparts.
Stored Program Control & Digital Switching Systems In modern digital systems, computers are used for controlling the switching and other subscriber services in the exchange. The processor executes a set of programs stored in the memory automatically one by one. This technique of controlling the functions of an exchange through programs stored in computer memory is called Stored Program Control (SPC). SPC has numerous advantages, some of which are listed below : Simple management of equipment Suitable for small and large exchanges Flexibility in design and modularity in expansion Low total cost Extended functions and new services Reliability SPC can be used for both analog and digital switching systems. The functions are often realized as a combination of hardware and software. Some functions are solely
hardware or software. The development of SPC techniques resulted in modern digital switching systems. In digital switching systems, the connection is established between the incoming and outgoing timeslots that carry the speech information in digital form. Digital Switching Systems (DSS) designed using SPC inherited all the advantages of SPC. DSS are modular in design, which makes it easy for expansion in capacity. Software modules can be added or modified for new services and functions without making changes in the basic design. Also, the operation and maintenance of these systems are very simple and easy. DSS mostly employ time switching but combination switching is also very much in use. The different control functions are divided into subsystems in the DSS. Normally the system core of a DSS consists of the following :
Trunk and Signalling equipment takes care of the interexchange signalling and provides the trunk interface.
Operation & Maintenance for Man Machine Interface (MMI). Control call processing functions. Charging metering of the calls for billing. Subscriber stage line circuit for ADC, connection of remote. subscribers from concentrators, signalling and power supply to the subscribers etc.
In DSS, functions are almost entirely performed by software that is cheap to produce. The control function can be centralized or distributed between several processors. Thus in distributed control, several processors perform different parts of the control function. This is also known as multiprocessor configuration of control subsystem. DSS work faster and are more reliable in service than analog exchanges with moving parts. More subscribers can be serviced by the same exchange. Digital transmission technology has higher quality and operational reliability. Digitalisation of the entire network has to be carried out in stages considering the traffic and economic requirements.
IOP
IOP
IOP
IOP
B:IOC
B:IOC
CAP0
CAP5
AMP0
AMP1 BAPM
BAPS
IOC0 IOC1
IOC2
IOC3
CMY1
CMY0
BCMY1
BCMY0
3.4
Coordination Area
3.4.1 Coordination Processor The coordination processor (CP) handles the data base as well as configuration and coordination functions, e.g.: - Storage and administration of all programs, exchange and subscriber data,
- Processing of received information for routing, path selection, zoning, charges, - Communication with operation and maintenance centres, - Supervision of all subsystems, receipt of error messages, analysis of supervisory result messages, alarm treatment, error messages, alarm treatment, error detection, error location and error neutralization and configuration functions. - Handling of the man-machine interface. The CP113C is multiprocessor and can be expanded in stages. In the CP113C, two or more identical processors operate in parallel with load sharing. The rated load of n processors is distributed among n+1 processors. This means that if one processor fails, operation can continue without restriction (redundancy mode with n+1 processors). The Basic functional units of CP 113C are as follows: Base Processor (BAP) for operation & maintenance and call processing, Common Memory (CMY)- 64 to 1024 MB in 4 memory banks consisting of 4 Mb DRAM chips. Input / Output Controller (IOC) - 2 to 4 IOCs coordinate and supervise of CMY by IOPs. accessing
ATM Bridge Processor (AMP) If a SSNC (EWSD powernode) is connected, the AMP is used (usually instead of the second IOC pair). It represents the interface between the ATM equipment in the SSNC and the CP. Its task is to convert the ATM oriented data streams from SSNC to the internal EWSD format. Input/output processors (IOP) - Various types of IOPs are used to connect the CP113C to the other subsystems and functional units of the exchange as well as to the external mass storage devices (EM i.e., MDD, MTD, MOD), the two O&M terminals (OMT/ BCT), to OMC via data lines etc. Maximum 12 IOPs can be connected to one IOC. The figure is shown on next page. The other functional units of CP 113C are call processors (CAPs) which deal only with call processing functions. Hardware wise they are similar to BAPs .
Message Buffer (MB) for coordinating internal message traffic between the CP, the SN, the LTGs and the CCNC in an exchange. Central Clock Generator (CCG) for the synchronization of the exchange and, where necessary, the network. The CCG is extremely accurate (10-9). It can, however, be synchronized even more accurately by an external master clock (10-11). System Panel Display (SYPD) to display system internal alarms and the CP load. It thus provides a continuous overview of the state of the system. The SYP also displays external alarms such as fire and air-conditioning system failure for example. It is installed in the Equipment Room or in the Exploitation Room. Operation and Maintenance Terminals/ Basic Craft Terminal for Input/output. Two OMTs/ BCTs are provided for O&M functions. External memory (EM), for Programs and data that do not always have to be resident in the CP, An image of all resident programs and data for automatic recovery, Call charge and traffic measurement data.
To ensure that these programs and data are safeguarded under all circumstances, the EM is duplicated. It consists of two magnetic disk devices (MDD). The EM also has a magneto optical disk ( MOD) and/or magnetic tape device (MTD), for input and output.
BIOC0
IOP:UN1
IOP:MB CCNP IOP:MB
MDD
MOD MTD
BIOC1
IOP:MB
MBG
IOP:MB
OMT/BCT/
NetM boot
IOP:UN1
MDD
MOD
MTD
IOP:T A
OMT/BCT/
IOP:TA
NetM boot
Data lines
IOP:MB
SYPC
IOP:MB
LCUB
(IOP:LAU) IOC0 IOC1
BCMY0 BCMY1
3.5
Units for Message transfer part (MTP) of CCS#7 The CCITT- standardized signaling system No.7 (CCS#7) is one of the systems that is used for interexchange signaling in EWSD. To promote flexibility in the use of this system a distinction is made between a message transfer part (MTP) and the user parts (UP). The user parts vary according to the specific application (e.g. TUP: telephone user part, ISDN-UP: ISDN user part, MUP: mobile user part). The common MTP functions in an EWSD exchange are handled by the common channel signaling network control (CCNC) or Signaling System Network Control (SSNC). The UP is incorporated in the software of the relevant LTG. (a) Common Channel Signaling Network Control (CCNC) A maximum of 254 common signaling channels can be connected to the CCNC via either digital or analog links. The digital links are extended from the LTGs over both planes of the duplicated switching network and multiplexers to the CCNC. The CCNC is connected to the switching network via two 8 Mbps highways (SDC: CCNC). Between the CCNC and each switching network plane, 254 channels for each direction of transmission are available (254 channel pairs). The channels carry signaling data via both switching network planes to and from the LTGs at a speed of 64 kbps. Analog signaling links are linked to the CCNC via modems. For reasons of reliability, the CCNC has a duplicated processor (CCNP) which is connected to the CP by means of similarly duplicated bus system. The CCNC consists of : Upto 32 signaling link terminal (SILT) groups, each with 8 signaling links and One duplicated common channel signaling network processor (CCNP).
The functions of the CCNC depend on its position in a signaling link. In the originating or destination exchange in associated signaling, it operates as signaling end point (SEP) and in transit exchange in quasi-associated signaling, it operates as a signaling transfer point (STP). The CCNC, equipped in one rack can handle upto 48 signaling links. Equipments handling upto 96 signaling links can be equipped in additional racks.
Modem
Multiplexer
0 SILT group 0
SILT group 31
31
31
CCNP 0
CCNP 1
CP bus system
(b)
General Characteristics of the SSNC: In the EWSD powernode the SSNC takes over the control of the SS7 network (instead of CCNC as was used in EWSD Classic). Here SSNC can be used as signaling end point (SEP) or signaling transfer point (STP) as was also done by CCNC. Additionally the SSNC can also take over the tasks of a SCCP Relay Point SRP (Global Title Translation GTT for MTP users at non-user channel related SS7 signaling) and can function as a Local Number Portability Database Server. In Contrast to the CCNC, the SSNC is equipped with its own O&M interface to the Netmanager NetM (Ethernet IP interface with Q3 protocol) and with back-up memories (magnetic disk / magneto-optic disk). Therefore with regard to the OAM, it is independent of the CP. Thus it is possible to also use the SSNC outside of EWSD as a stand-alone Signaling Transfer Point STP. Figures on the next page show how the CCNC or SSNC are connected in EWSD Classic and Powernode configurations respectively.
Comparison Table for various traffic types between CCNC and SSNC:
Traffic Type STP( MSU/s) SEP( MSU/s) SRP (GTT/s) Signaling Links Network Elements Route Sets Link Sets No. Portability CCNC 6400 ------4 2000 256 -------SSNC (Ver. 16) 500000 100000 254 32 4096 1024 12 000 000 BHCA SSNC Single Shelf Configuration (Ver.16) 13000 5800 1000 32 4096 127 -------
OMT/CT OMT/CT
4 Mb/s IOP:MB CP
MB B
IOP:MB
Trunks and SS7 Links High Speed SS7 Links SSNC PCM30/24
270 Mb/s
IOP:MB
SSNC Interfaces ( Figure on next page): a) Connecting the SS7 signaling channels The SS7 Signaling channels can be connected to the SSNC in three ways: y Direct connection of 2 Mbps PCM transmission routes (E1) with 32 x 64Kbps slots (Synchronous Transfer Mode STM) where the time slot 1-31 is used exclusively for 64Kbps SS7 Signaling channels (usually used when using the SSNC as stand-alone signaling transfer point (STP) y Direct connection of 2Mbps PCM transmission route (E1) with a 2 Mbps high speed SS7 signaling channel (Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM) (usually used when using the SSNC as stand-alone Signaling Transfer Point STP) Indirect connection (via EWSD) of 64 Kbps SS7 signaling channels located in 2Mbps PCM transmission routes which simultaneously transport user channels. (not with stand-alone STP) The connection of such an SS7 signaling channel occurs as a nailed-up connection (NUC) from the LTG to which the PCM route transporting the channel is connected via the EWSD switching network to the SSNC. Because the SSNC, however, has no direct interface to the SN, this NUC runs via the switching network only to another LTG (inward LTG). This collects several SS7 NUCs from different LTGs and the bundled routes in a 2 Mbps cable with maximum 31 signaling channels to the SSNC. Interface to the CP : The connection to the CP is used to monitor and communicate with the CP for SS7 messages relevant for the CP and for Internal OAM- messages as e.g. Load Control, checking of data consistency. It is connected using 207 Mbps optical fiber cable to the AMP in the CP. Interface to the MB D The SSNC has up to 10 ATM200 interfaces to the MBDA in the MB D. The EWSD internal exchange of the SS7 ISUP messages between the user LTGs and the SS7 MTP functions in the SSNC runs via these interfaces.
b)
c)
SSNC Functional Units/ Frames: Three types of module frames are used for the SSNC. The SSNC racks are manufactured in the ICN construction, i.e. they are somewhat deeper and wider than EWSD structure. a) ATM Switching Network ASN (2 module frames for ASN 0 and 1) The ATM switching network (ASN) is a switch matrix which y Switches the communication- streams of the individual SSNC functional units with MB D and CP y Switches the communication-streams between the individual SSNC functional units b) SSNC basic frames SCB Only this frame is required for single shelf configuration of SSNC. The SCB contains the following (internally duplicated) functional units of the SSNC: y Line Interface Card (LIC): The duplicated Line Interface Card LIC forms the physical interface between the SSNC units and the SS7 network. Up to 8 PCM 2Mbps lines can be connected to an LIC module. These PCM routes can come either directly from the transmission network or from different inward LTGs. Therefore an LIC can provide the interfaces for maximum 248 x 64Kbps signaling channels. y Main Processor MP: The Main Processor (MP) are the central components of the SSNC. Each MP is duplicated (MPU0 and MPU1). The different MPs fulfil different tasks: MP: OAM (MP for Operation , Administration and Maintenance): It contains interfaces to connect Netmanagers NetM (Ethernet), the hard disks (SCSI bus for MDD and MOD) and the connection units for alarm lines ALIB (Alarm Line Interface Base). MP:SLT (MP for Signaling Link Termination): Each MP:SLT carries out the MTP tasks of an SS7 network control for maximum 127 signaling channels (depending on signaling traffic) when dealing with SS7 messages (discrimination, distribution, routing and back-up). The total number of the MP:SLT in the SSNC depends on the signaling requirements of the network node (maximum 47 MP:SLT can be provided). MP:SM (MP for Signaling Manager): It serves to permanently update the SSNC database. This also guarantees that each MP:SLT always has an up-to-date picture of the signaling database. MP:STATS (MP for statistics)
The MP:STAT is used to administers the different SS7 statistics data which are collected in the individual MP:SLT.
In case of SSNC single shelf configuration only two (duplicated) MPs are used. One is supplied with a mixed load type MP:OAM/SM/STATS while the other one performs the MTP tasks (MP:SLT) y ATM Multiplexer Type-E (AMXE): The AMXE serves as a concentrator towards ASN and provides 32 x 207 Mbps ATM interfaces to connect the internal SSNC units LIC and MP and the optical cables to the AMP of the CP and MBDA of the MB c) Extension frame SCE (maximum 7 for 1500 signaling channels) The SCE contains a duplicated AMXE and serves to include other MPs and LICs .
System Data
Call-handling capacity No. of Subscriber lines No. of Trunks Switchable traffic -48 V nominal direct voltage Maximum relative frequency deviation : plesiochoronous 10-9; synchronous 10-11 All conventional signaling systems, e.g. CCITT R2, No.5, No.7 Various loop and shunt resistance possible. Push-button dialing, Multi-freq. signaling to CCITT Recommendation Q.23 Rotary dialing: 5 to 22 pulse/s Basic access 160 kbps(2B+D+sync.) B= 64 kbps, D= 16 kbps 2048 kbps(30B+D+sync.) max. 250 000 max. 60 000 max. 25 200 E.
Signaling systems
ISDN accesses
2048 kbps
Traffic routing
Per destination one primary route and max. 15 alternate routes. Sequential or random selection of idle trunk of a trunk group Number of trunk groups per exchange: Max. 1000 incoming and Max. 1000 outgoing and Max. 1000 both way Periodic pulse metering, AMA Automatic Message Accounting or Detailed Billing (CAMA, LAMA) IACHASTA Inter Administration Charging and Statistics Max. 511 zones Max. 6 tariffs per zone Tariff switchover possible in 15-minute timing intervals Transmission of communication data to
Environmental conditions
Signaling link
Output LTG
SN
ISUP LTG
Inward LTG
SSNC
Level 2 & 3
(MTP)
OAM
Direct c nnecte E1 exclusively use f r SS7 links
Net M
- ri es ( tical)
AMP CP
MB- D (MBDA)
SSNC Interfaces
LTG LTG
SSNC
LIC
LIC
MP:SLT
ASN
MP:SLT
AMXE
MBD CP113C
MB D
NetM
MP:STATS
X. 25
MOD MDD
AMPC
IOP:MB