( Calah)

(Old Assyria)

August 2011

()

1200

Wolfram von Soden, The Ancient Orient: An Introduction to the Study of

the Ancient Near East, translated by Donal G Schley, (Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1985), p55. Volkmar Fritz, An Introduction to Biblical
Archaeology, translated by Birgit Manz-Davies, Journal for the Study of the
Old Testament Supplement Series 172, (Sheffield Academic Press: 1996),
p132.

August 2011

10

(Hittite)2
(Mitanni) (Urartu) (Mari)
(Ebla)(Ugarit)(Emar) 3

1750

1500 1300

2
Hittite
3

August 2011

11

4
5
(Sidonian)(Canannites)
(Phoenicians)

(Byblos) 6

Lukas de Blois and R. J. van der Spek, An Introduction to the Ancient

World, Translated from the Dutch by Susan Mellor, 2nd. ed., (London:
Routledge, 2008), pp2829.
5
Lukas de Blois and R. J. van der Spek, p29.
6

August 2011

12

(Baal)
(Moloch: )
7

18:21 (

Richard HessWilliam Dever Mark Smith

August 2011

13

10

18001200

11

1991 1 18
1990 8 21

10
Jonathan M Golden, Ancient Canaan and Israel: An Introduction,
(Oxford University Press, 2009), p91.
11

Hauptmann 2007 Andreas Hauptmann,

The Archaeometallurgy of Copper: Evidence from Faynan, Jordan, English
Edition. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2007
2000

August 2011

14

12

(Wadi Arabah)
13(Faynan) 14
(Beersheba)
(Abu Matar) 15
16

17

18

12

Hauptmann, p151.

Thomas E. Levy
and Mohammad Najjar, Edom and Copper, Biblical Archaeological
Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, (July/August 2006), pp2435, 70.

14
Hauptmann 2000 Andreas Hauptmann, The
Archaeometallurgy of Copper: Evidence from Faynan, Jordan, English
Edition, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2007.
15
Jonathan M Golden, Ancient Canaan and Israel: An Introduction,
(Oxford University Press, 2009) p75.
16
Hauptmann, p1512.
17
Thomas E. Levy and Mohammad Najjar, Edom and Copper, Biblical
Archaeological Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, (July/August 2006), p29.
18
Hauptmann, p153. 3200 2000

13

August 2011

15

19
20

()(
)

21

19

Hauptmann, p153.
Kenneth G. Hoglund, Edomites in Peoples of the Old Testament World,
Alfred J Hoerth et al ed, (Grand Rapids: Baker Book, 1994) p337.
21
Brian M. Fagan, World Prehistory: A Brief Introduction, 6th. ed. (New
Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005), p173.
20

August 2011

16

(Asi River)
(Orontes River)
22

1700

(Hyksos)

1550
1200
(New Kingdom)
(Thutmose III)(Amenhotep)
(Ramesses II)23

22
23

Battle of Kadesh 1274/5

12791213

August 2011

17

1350

24

(3%)

1200

24

1350
von Soden, p54.

August 2011

18

25
730

1200
26

1200

27
25

Tiglath-pileser I 1118 1078

Volkmar Fritz, An Introduction to Biblical Archaeology, translated by
Birgit Manz-Davies, JSOT, Supplement Series 172, (Sheffield Academic
Press, 1996), p116. Golden, p51.
27
G. Mendenhall
G. Mendenhall, The Hebrew Conquest of Palastine, Biblical
Archaeologist, 25 (1962), pp6687 N.
26

August 2011

19

(Pentapolis)
(Ashdod)(Ashqelon)(Gaza)
(Ekron)
(Gath)28

29(Philistines)

Gottwald. The Tribes of Yahweh. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis, 1979.

William G, Dever. Who Were the Early Israelites and

Where Did They Come From. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmanss, 2003.
Israel Finkelstein, The Rise of Early Israel: Archaeology and LongTerm History in The Origin of Early IsraelCurrent Debate, S. Ahituv
and E. E. Oren, eds., (Beer-Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Press, 1998), pp764.
28
Jonathan M. Golden, Ancient Canaan and Israel: An Introduction,
(Oxford University Press, 2009), p156.

,Aren M.
Maeir and Carl S. Ehrlich, Excavating Philistine Gath: Have we
Found Goliaths Homethown? Biblical Archaeological Review, Vol.
27, No. 6, (2001), pp23-31.
29

Gary Rendsburg, Israel Without the Bible in The Hebrew Bible: New
Insights and Scholarship, (New York and London: New York University
Press, 2008), p.1819 Israel Finkelstein "The Rise of
Early Israel: Archaeology and Long-Term History, in The Origin of Early
IsraelCurrent Debate, S. Ahituv and E. D. Oren, eds., (Beer-Sheva: BenGurion University of the Negev Press, 1998), pp764

Brian Hesse and Paula Wapnish,

Can Pig Remains Be Used for Ethnic Diagnosis in the Ancient Near East?
in The Archaeology of Israel: Constructing the Past, Interpreting the
Present, JOST supplement, (Sheffield Academic Press, 1997), pp238270.

August 2011

20

30
1200

31

32

1200 900

930 (Ashur-dan II) 33

(Neo-Assyria)

34
30

Jonathan M. Golden, Ancient Canaan and Israel: An Introduction,

(Oxford University Press, 2009), p130.
31
Jonathan Golden, Ancient Canaan, p7.
32
Lukas de Blois and R. J. van der Spek, An Introduction to the Ancient
World, (London: Routledge, 2008), pp7; 33
33
(Ashurnasirpal 934884
34
John A. Thompson, The Bible and Archaeology, 3rd. ed., (Grand Rapids:
Eerdmanns, 1982), p119.

August 2011

21

35

36

35

Shalmaneser III) 859/8 ( 824 )

Brad E Kelle, Ancient Israel at War 853586 B.C. (Oxford: Osprey
Publishing, 2007), p17.

36

August 2011

22

856

(Bit-Adini) 37 (Til-Barsip)
38

37

1:5

38
Brad E Kelle, Ancient Israel at War 853586 BC, (Oxford: Osprey
Publishing, 2007), p3233.

August 2011

23

39 853

(Adadidri)(Hamath) 40

3,940
2,000 1,940
10,000 52,900

41

(The
Kurkh Monolith)

39

Aharoni, The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography, English

translation, (London: Burns and Oates), p7.

41
Battle of Karkar Qarqar.
40

August 2011

24

849 848
845 42

42

Brad E Kelle, Ancient Israel at War 853586 BC, (Oxford: Osprey

Publishing, 2007), p37.

August 2011

25

(Transjordan)(Ramoth-gilead)

(Ramah)

43

(Bezer)(Golan)

(Ben-Hadad I)
44
45
43

4:43
20:8

44
Aharoni 885 Aharoni, The Land of the Bible, p293,
p304.
45
20:121 20:34

August 2011

26

46

909 886

46

15:1622

August 2011

27

47

843
(Hazael)48
(Ben-hadad II)

49

(Golan)(Arnon Gorge)

47

19:15
8:15 1:4
49
8:715
48

August 2011

28

50
(Ben-hadad III)

(Bashan)51
(Wadi

50

24:2325
(Beth-shan; Beth-Shean; Bet-Shean)
(Beth-Shan; Beth-Shean; Bet-Shean)
51

August 2011

29

Yarmuk)(Hammath)

(Ashtaroth)(Dargon)

(Jebel Druze)

()(
)

August 2011

30

()

August 2011

31

()
52

53

(Zereb Brook)

(Mt Seir)54

805
(Adad-ninari III)
52

636

53
20:8

54
(Petra)
(Nubian)

August 2011

32

55

()

56

55

Aharoni
Aharoni, p6.
56
Brian M. Fagan, World
Prehistory: A Brief Introduction, 6th ed., (New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall,
2005), pp196215 pp2034
(Redistributive Economy)
(Market Economy)

August 2011

33

57

58

57

( 1:17)
58
Kelle, p38.

August 2011

34

59

60 841

61
59

8:16
(
)
60
(Black Obelisk)
61
1981
(Gary Rendsburg, "A Reconstruction of Moabite-

August 2011

35

62
63

64

65

Israelite History," Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society 13 (1981), pp.
6773.(
8:23
62
Yohanan Aharoni, p282, p3079. Aharoni

J. A. Thompson, pp1267.
63

(
3:45)
64
Gary Rendsburg, "A Reconstruction of Moabite-Israelite
History," Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society 13 (1981), pp6773.
65

August 2011

36

66

67

66

()
( 2:1
2)
67

August 2011

37

839 838
68

837
810

810
(Adad-ninari III)
805

6970
(Ben-Hadad II)

68

Kelle, p39.
Kelle, p42.
70
801 Merrill F. Unger, Israel and the Aramaeans of
Damascus, (Grand Rapids: Baker House, 1957), p82.
69

August 2011

38

()()()
()

1.

2.

3.

4.

()

800 775

August 2011

39

(Rezin)
750

722/1

(70%)

August 2011

40

August 2011