ART, MAN AND SOCIETY

Humanity define as: All human beings collectively; the human race, mankind The quality or condition of being human; human nature The quality of being humane; kindness; benevolence

Humanities is: Came from the Latin word humanus meaning human, refined and cultured It emphasizes the dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative expressions.

Art is: From the Latin word ars meaning ability or skill Expression of self and love for beauty Skill/ability/craft Internal happiness Human activity Acquired by study and experience

Work of art: Creative expression using sound, image, action and movement Means to satisfy the human need to communicate thoughts, feelings and beliefs

Division of Art Classification of art according to purpose

1. Practical or useful arts- when human activity is directed to produce artifacts and utensil which cope with human needs. Examples: basket weaving, agriculture, mechanical arts 2. Liberal arts- in which intellectual efforts are considered. Example: grammar, astronomy, psychology, philosophy

3. Fine arts- which are the products if the human creative activity in so far as they express beauty in different ways and media, for the contemplation of the mind and the relaxation of the spirit 4. Major arts- which are characterized by their actual and potential expressiveness and by a purely disinterested purpose, such as music, poetry and sculpture 5. Minor arts- which are connected with the practical uses and purpose. Example interior decoration

Classification of art according to forms

1. Plastic arts- which are developed through space and perceived by the sense of sight, such as, painting, sculpture and architecture 2. Phonetic arts- which are based o sounds and words as media of expression. Examples: music, drama, literature 3. Kinetic arts- which use as their most important element, rhythmic movement such as dance. 4. Pure arts- which take only one medium of expression as sound in music and color in painting 5. Mixed arts- which use two or more media. Example: music, poetry and drama. Medium- refers to the material or means which the artist uses to objectify his feelings or thought Painting Sculpture Music Literature Dance Pigment Wood, stone, metal Sound Words Body movements

Classification of art according to medium

1. Visual or space arts- mediums can be seen and which occupy space 2. Auditory or time arts- mediums can be heard and which are represents by man 3. Combine arts- whose mediums can be both seen and heard Function of arts

1. Personal function 2. Social function 3. Physical function Subject- this refers to any person, object, scene or event described on represented in a work of art Ways of representing subject 1. Realism- things are depicted in the way they would normally appear in nature 2. Abstraction- the process of simplifying and/or recognizing objects and elements according to the demands of artistic expression 3. Distortion- figures are arranged that proportions differ noticeably from natural measurements. Twisting, stretching or deforming the natural shape of the object 4. Surrealism- combination of realism and distortion. Fantasies Kinds of subjects 1. Landscape, seascape and cityscape 2. Still life 3. Animals 4. Portraits 5. Figures 6. Everyday life 7. History and legend 8. Religion and mythology 9. Dreams and fantasies Content refers to what the artist expresses or communicates on the whole i his work The meaning, theme The statement we apprehend or the feeling or mood we experience Reveals artists attitude towards his subject

The Scope of Humanities 1. Visual arts- those that we perceive with our eyes a. Graphic arts i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Painting- applying pigment Drawing- representing something by lines Graphic processes- multi reproduction of graphic works Commercial art- advertisements, signs, posters Mechanical processes Photography

b. Plastic arts i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Architecture Interior designing Sculpture Crafts Dress and costume designing Theatre designing

2. Performing arts- involves movements, speaking and gestures a. Theatrical plays/drama b. Dance c. Music 3. Literary arts a. Short stories b. Novels c. Plays/drama 4. Popular arts a. Film b. Newspaper c. Magazines

d. Radio and TV e. Cartoons 5. Gustatory arts a. Food decoration and preparation Judging and Understanding an Artwork 1. What did the artist make? What is it about? (this concerns the subject) 2. What did the artist want to show in his work? What is the artwork for? (this concerns the function of the art) 3. What is the artwork made of? (this refers to the materials or mediums used) 4. How is the material put together or organized? (this refers to the materials or mediums used) 5. What is the personality of individuality of the artworks? (this refers to the style and mood or temper of the artwork) 6. How good is it? (this is the judgment) 7. What is the meaning conveyed by the art? How does it make life more meaningful? Who are the artists? 1. Visual artists are: a. Painters b. Sculptors c. Architects d. Photographers e. Film makers f. Graphic artists 2. Music and dance artists are: a. Musicians b. Composers c. Singers d. Choreographers e. Performers 3. Literary artist are: a. Poets b. Novelists c. Authors d. Playwright e. Dramatists f. Actors Leonardo da Vinci Michaelangelo Buonarroti Pablo Picasso Guillermo Tolentino Jose Nepomuceno Lino Brocka Julian Felipe Levi Celerio Lisa Macuja

William Shakespeare Severino Reyes

SCULPTURE Is a three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials, typically stone such as marble, metal, glass, or wood, or plastic materials such as clay, textiles, polymers and softer metals Materials may be worked by removal such as carving, or they may be assembled such as by welding, hardened such as by firing, molding or casting

History of Sculpture Egyptian sculpture- characterized by sculptures from stone placed on tombs of important persons or temples of powerful rulers Greek Sculpture- Greece is the place of artists, philosophers, warriors and athletes. Greeks are lovers of the human body; therefore, most of their works are of human figures, usually of their gods and goddesses. Roman sculpture- Rome conquered Greece and in order to retain something in truly Roman. Roman sculptures deducted the human body and concentrated on the bust or the head part of the human figure. Byzantine sculpture- the Roman persecution ended and the celebration of the mass became legal. Common subjects prominent during this era are Biblical characters and the image of God the father as a bearded old man. Romanesque sculpture- is a continuation of the Byzantine era where almost no difference in subject is observed. Gothic sculpture- most elaborate of all eras. Sculptors were meticulous on the garments worn by their figures. Renaissance sculpture- was the Golden Era of Arts and this period brought back the adoration of the human body introduces by the Greeks. Nude sculpture is fine example of this Era. Baroque sculpture- Berninis works such as The Ecstasy of St. Teresa which focuses on human emotions of love, pain and suffering are main features of this era Rococo sculpture- in the court of influential kings or queen especially in France, England and Spain their furniture, panels, vessels and others were carved into elaborate designs and perfection.

ELEMENTS OF SCULPTURE 1. 2. 3. 4. SubjectMediumTextureSpace-

Great sculptors 1. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini- the ecstacy of St. Theresa is one of his most eye catching masterpices 2. Michelangelo Buonarroti- he says that he is the master of all masters both painting and sculptor. He is best remembered of his David . another rmasterpice is his La Pieta 3. Eduardo Castrillo- he is a sculptor, a painter, a jeweller and truly the artist of realism and of the modern time . the Liberators and People Power 4. Guillermo Tolentino- one of his monumental creations and lasting legacy to his race is the inspirations that could be taken from the Bonifacio Monument located in Caloocan City. Oblation statue of the University of the Philippines, is one of his great contributions, this masterpiece will be best appreciated by admirer if a little background of a statue will be introduced. 5. Napoleon Abueva- he is the first modern Filipino sculptor. He did abstraction, experimentation and modern techniques in sculpture. Baby Moses and Ring of the Gods ARCHITECTURE Art of designing and constructing a building which will serve a definite purpose Elements 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Line Color Volume Texture Space

Construction Principles 1. Post and lintel- makes use of 2 vertical supports spanned by horizontal beam. 2. Arch- consists of separate pieces of wedge-shaped blocks arranged in a semicircle 3. Truss- system of triangular forms assembled in a rigid framework 4. Cantilever- makes use of a beam extending horizontally into space beyond its post Evolution of Architecture 1. Earliest/ prehistoric- earliest man lived in caves, experimenting with whatever materials they could find, protection of their family. 2. Egyptian- believed that Pharaohs were gods which great influenced their architecture. Pyramid- triangular, rectangular or square-shaped which

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4. 5.

6. 7. 8.

entombs the Pharaoh. Temples- surrounded by massive, high walls, one great place between towers, used post and lintel system. Greek- used architectural Orders- a. Doric- plain abacus capital; shortest and most massive. B. Ionic- capital characterized by a pair of spirals; taller or more slender. C. Corinthian- capital featuring curling leaves; tallest and most slender Roman- practical and realistic; adopted and modified by some Greek architecture. Medieval- early Christian- characterized by small windows with a simple, lightweight, wooden roof. Byzantine- usually built in a Greek cross; walls and domes were covered in a brilliant mosaic. Romanesque- characterized with thick walls, massive windows, round arches, short, thick columns and a heavy massive appearance. Gothic- 12th century, walls replaced with brilliantly colored stained glass windows. Renaissance- characterized by objective, mathematical standards of measurement. Baroque- more elaborate arches, columns and vaults Modern- requisites have been resolved- growth of industrialization, new means of transportation and communication and new concepts of medicine and education.

Materials of architecture 1. 2. 3. 4. Wood Stone Concrete Steel

PHOTOGRAPHY Basic composition Mood and atmosphere Qualities of a good photo Basic composition Improving composition

CREATING THE MOOD Overall feel of a picture Created by Perspective Color Focus (isolation and distance) Weather and light Sunrise/sunset Misty, rainy days Sun vs. overcast CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PICTURE

1. SHAPE Tends to be noticed first, before texture and pattern Easiest and most recognizable composition tool Shape helps create a mood/character for the picture Search for the unconventional or surprise shape in objects

2. LINELines create a. Shape b. Pattern c. Depth d. Perspective Line leads the eye e. Focal point/subject f. Diagonals g. S-curves Line creates perspective 3. Pattern Orderly combination of shape, line, or color Pattern can help echo the character of a photo Catching attention Lines into the horizon show depth and perspective for the viewer Vanishing point Point at which lines converge and vanish in to the horizon Place off-center Close-ups decrease perspective while wide-angles can exaggerate it

Random patterns Slight variation in a pattern Pattern in common places

4. Texture

Adds realism (sense of touch) to a photo Sharp (hard) light highlights texture Especially important for close-up and b/w shots Side lighting highlights texture Most portraits use front lighting to decrease texture on skin Using light for depth Sometimes hard light is inappropriate for illustrating shape and depth Soft side lighting can give a sense of shape and depth without high contrast Portraits Still life When shape/depth is more important that texture

5. Size and space

2D pictures distort depth, relative size, and distances a. Include reference item b. Include parts of the fore- or background c. Use a frame d. Be creativemaybe you want to distort Giving perspective LinearLines which converge into the distance Diminishing sizeobjects further away are smaller Aerial perspectiveatmosphere creates haze, which lightens objects farther away Depth and perspective Overlapping formsoverlapping objects in a picture create depth and distance

Selective focusingfocusing on the foreground and blurring the background

Improving composition 1. Rule of thirds Have a strong center of interest Take pictures at different angles with different compositions Work around the rule of thirds 2. Simplicity One strong center of interest Foreground or background should be simple or complimentary to center of interest Include foreground or background for sense of isolation, distance, depth, etc. Avoid mergers Cut offs Avoiding cutting out parts or wholes of people or main subjects Avoiding cutting out the path of a moving object 3. Angle and perspective Working with angles Low angles Clear sky backdrop Accentuate movement or action High angle Eliminate cloudy sky 45 degree angles will cut glare Avoid centered horizons 4. Framing Adds depth Should fit theme Helps subject fill the frame Can block unwanted subjects from view Watch focus on foreground Focus on foreground in landscape Focus on subject in portraits Auto-focus should be centered on main topic OverallDEPENDS ON CAMERA 5. Balance Balance color and weight in a picture Formal and informal Symmetrical and asymmetrical Fill the frame Would this picture look better if I was closer? Focus on subject

Detail Start far and move closer Fill the frame with objects that fit Long range shots provide depth and perspective

Digital cameras sometimes get confused trying to recreate colours, and the picture goes a different tint because the cameras idea of white is off so we can change the white balance setting to compensate: - Automatic: Usually guesses correctly, but not always - Custom: Focus on something white for it to remember - Tungsten: Indoors, under tungsten/incandescent/bulb lighting - Fluorescent: Under fluorescent lighting - Daylight/Sunny: Outdoors on a bright day - Cloudy: Outdoors on a cloudy day - Flash: To compensate for flash - Shade: In shaded areas