-

(111) 2006-2007, : .
7

1 2 3 0
1 0 1 4
7 1 3 4

, B = 2 3 1 4 .
1: A =
3 1 0 1
6 5 0 2

3 4 1 1
1 11 2 1
) Gauss
.
) ,
det( A) , det( B ) ;
) , adj( A)
adj( B)
) , .
) Ax = 0 By = 0 ;
) - Ax = b By = b , b 0 ;
) Ax = b b = (1, 2,0, 3) ;
2: : )
, ) Gauss
, ) Sarrus.

1 2 3
A = 0 4 5 ,
2 0 6

8 3 2
B = 0 0 4 ,
3 1 0

2 3 4
C = 7 9 25
2 3 4

3: : A, 2 A, A2 , A20 , AB, BA, ABC , CAB, BT B ,

B100 (C T )16 , 2.
1
4: : )

1 x3 + 1 x 2 + 1

) 2 x3 + 2 x 2 + 2 2

3 x3 + 3 x 2 + 3 3

x
yz

y
zx

1
2 = 2
3 3

1+ 2

z = ( x y )( y z )( z x) ,
xy

1 1
2 2 ,
3 3

) 1 +

1 = ( )( )( ) ,

1+

y+z

x3

) z + x

y 3 = ( x + y + z ) 2 ( x y )( y z )( z x)

x+ y

z3

1 1 12 13
5: 4 4 Vandermonde

1 2 22 23
1 3 32 33

1 4 42 43
(1 2 )(1 3 )(1 4 )( 2 3 )( 2 4 )( 3 4 ) =

1i < j n

( i j )

x3 1
3

6: : x 8
3

x 27
7: A

nn

x2 1

x 1

x 4 x 2 = 0 , x
2

x 9

x3

, adj( A) .

[ adj( A) ] ;
1

8: 2 2 A2 5 A + 6 I = 0 . A1
.
9: K nn n ,
n . 4 4
K det( K ) 0 .
10: A, B nn AB = BA :
, (det A)(det B ) = (det B )(det A) 2(det B )(det A) = 0 ,
. , AB = BA
.

3
0
11: : ) U =
0

0
0
0
) M =
0

0 0 3
0 2 6
,
1 2 2

3 6 6

3 6 6
1 2 2
,
0 2 6

0 0 3

) U T ,

) U 1 ,

1
) A = 3 [ 4 1 2] .
2

12: ) LU, 4 4,
aij = i j.

) 4 4, aij = ni n j ,
n1 = 2 , n2 = 6 , n3 = 8 , n4 = 10 . n1 n2 n3 n4 ;
13: A, B
nn

nn

M
B = M AM . det B = det A , :
1
det( A B) = 1 .

14: A nn . ) , det A = 0 .
) 1, det( A I ) = 0 .
det A = 1 .
15:
2 1 0
A = 1 2 1
0 1 2

1 1 1
B = 1 2 2
1 2 3

0 1 1 1
0 1 1

0 1
1 0 1 , A = 1 0 1 1 .
A
16: : A2 =
=
,
3
4

1 1 0 1
1 0
1 1 0

1 1 1 0
det An An nn (
);
17: x, y, z

ax + by = 1
Cramer: )
,
cx + dy = 0

x + 2 y + z = 3

) 3x 2 y 4 z = 2
2 x + 3 y z = 6

18: M nn x = ( x1 , x2 ,, xn )
j I n .
) .
) Ax = b b = (b1 , b2 , , bn ) n , B j

Cramer: x j =

det B j
det A