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    1) The final value theorem for z-transforms states that if the limit of x(k) exists as k approaches infinity, then the limit of x(k) equals the limit of (z-1)X(z) as z approaches 1. 2) The proof takes the z-transform of x(k+1)-x(k) and takes the limit as z approaches 1 to show that it equals the limit of x(k) as k approaches infinity. 3) By applying properties of z-transforms and taking limits, it is shown that the limit of x(k) as k approaches infinity equals the limit of (z-1)X(z) as z approaches 1

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    1) The final value theorem for z-transforms states that if the limit of x(k) exists as k approaches infinity, then the limit of x(k) equals the limit of (z-1)X(z) as z approaches 1. 2) The proof takes the z-transform of x(k+1)-x(k) and takes the limit as z approaches 1 to show that it equals the limit of x(k) as k approaches infinity. 3) By applying properties of z-transforms and taking limits, it is shown that the limit of x(k) as k approaches infinity equals the limit of (z-1)X(z) as z approaches 1

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    51 views1 page

    FVT Proof

    Uploaded by

    prajnesh
    1) The final value theorem for z-transforms states that if the limit of x(k) exists as k approaches infinity, then the limit of x(k) equals the limit of (z-1)X(z) as z approaches 1. 2) The proof takes the z-transform of x(k+1)-x(k) and takes the limit as z approaches 1 to show that it equals the limit of x(k) as k approaches infinity. 3) By applying properties of z-transforms and taking limits, it is shown that the limit of x(k) as k approaches infinity equals the limit of (z-1)X(z) as z approaches 1

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    of 1

    ECE 595, Discrete-Time Control Systems

    September 1, 2005

    Proof of the Final Value Theorem for Z-Transforms


    The nal value theorem for z-transforms states that if lim x(k) exists, then
    k k

    lim x(k) = lim (z 1)X(z).


    z1

    (1)

    Proof: For no apparent reason, lets take the z-transform of the quantity x(k + 1) x(k),

    Z [x(k + 1) x(k)] =
    k=0

    (x(k + 1) x(k)) z k
    k

    (2) (3) (4)

    = = = =

    lim

    (x(n + 1) x(n)) z n
    n=0 k k

    lim

    x(n + 1)z n
    n=0 n=0

    x(n)z n

    lim

    x(0) + x(1)(1 z 1 ) + + x()z (1) (1 z 1 )+ + x(n)z (n+1) (1 z 1 ) + x(n + 1)z n , (5)

    where we used the denition of the z-transform, then expressed the innite sum as the limit of a sequence of nite sums, then rewrote the sum of the dierence as the dierence of sums, then expanded the sums and rearranged the terms. Next lets take the limit of both sides as z goes to 1 to obtain
    z1

    lim Z[x(k + 1) x(k)] = lim lim =

    z1 k

    x(0) + + x()z (+1) (1 z 1 ) + + x(n + 1)z n

    k z1

    lim lim x(0) + + x()z (+1) (1 z 1 ) + + x(n + 1)z n


    k

    = x(0) + lim x(k + 1).

    (6)

    We were allowed to interchange the limits because we had required that the sum converge for the theorem to be applicable. On the other hand, applying the real translation property, we have that Z [x(k + 1) x(k)] = z (X(z) x(0)) X(z) = (z 1)X(z) zx(0) so
    z1

    (7) (8)

    lim Z [x(k + 1) x(k)] = lim ((z 1)X(z) zx(0))


    z1

    (9) (10) (11)

    = lim (z 1)X(z) lim zx(0)


    z1 z1

    = x(0) + lim (z 1)X(z)


    z1

    Thus, equating (6) and (11) we have x(0) + lim x(k) = x(0) + lim (z 1)X(z)
    k z1

    (12)

    and the result follows.

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