SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

Muhamad Zafir Ashman b. Zulkiflee Ahmad Nafis b. Md Nasir

SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL

Animal s have support system to:

Help raise their body above the ground. y Maintains the shape of the body.
y

Multicellular animals are support and protected by a skeleton:

Hydrostatic skeleton. y Exoskeleton. y Endoskeleton.
y

HYDROSTATIC SKELETON

Sea anemones and earthworms do not have a single bones in their bodies. They are support by pressure(liquid) which consist mainly of water in their cells and in spaces between their body organs. The hydrostatic skeleton allows the earthworm to burrow through the earth.

EXOSKELETON

Most invertebrates have exoskeleton. An exoskeleton is an external skeleton(encloses most of the body). An insect has an exoskeleton made from a substance called chitin. The exoskeleton of insects cannot change size once they have hardened. To grow, insects have to shed their exoskeletons and make another one. The process is called moulting. The hard shell of snails and bivalves, which is made from calcium carbonate. As a snail grows, its shell gets bigger. However, the snail does not have to moult.

ENDOSKELETON

Vertebrates have a rigid internal skeleton called the endoskeleton(made of bone and cartilage). Bone provides the strength, while cartilage at the joints lets bones slide over each other so that the body can move. The endoskeleton grows as the body grows.