GENERATOR & TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS

By: Er. RAVINDER SHARMA

Three phase connections:

Three phases are interconnected in two fashions:
A. B.


Star or Y connection Delta or D connection

In Y connection similar ends are connected whereas in D dissimilar ends of coil are connected. In Y I line=I phase & Vline=Root 3XVphase. In D I line=root 3XI phase & Vline=Vphase. Y gives 3ph 4W system. N is grounded which is used for E/F protection. D is used in transformers for small low operating voltages & induction motors.

    

Conversion of Balanced load system from Y to D:

Any balanced Y-connected system can be replaced with eq. D & vice-versa the relation is:
Zd = 3Zs or Zs = Zd/3

If one of the branch of balanced 3ph Yconnected system get removed or dis connected, reduction of load shall be 50% whereas in D it will be 33.33%.

Three phase Transformer Connections:

There are 4 ways in which windings of transformers can be connected:
1. 2. 3. 4. Y-Y D-D Y-D D-Y

1. Star-Star (Y-Y) connection:

Most economical for small I rating, HV transformers. N/phase & insulation required is less as Vp=Vline/root3. There is no ph dis between pry & sec windings.

Three phase Transformer Connections (Contd.) :

2. Delta-Delta (D-D) Connection:
Generally used in systems carrying large currents on low voltage. When one of the ph gets removed/open in D-D operation continuous on what is called open delta. X-sec. Of cond. Is reduced as Ip=Iline/root3.

Three phase Transformer Connections (Contd.) :

3. Star-Delta (Y-D) connection:
Principally used for voltage step down. Neu of pry is earthed. Line voltage ratio is 1/rt3 times of turn ratio of the transformer.

4. Delta-Star (D-Y) Connection:

Principally used to step up the voltage. Line voltage ratio is rt3 times of transformer turn ratio & sec voltage leads pry by 30 deg. Sec. Neutral is earthed to provide 3-ph 4w system.

TERTIARY WINDING:
In D-D,D-Y,Y-D systems all Voltages are balanced & there is not floating of neutral which only persists in Y-Y connection. Sometimes 3 winding Trf are mfg which have Y-Y main windings & 3rd winding is used to make a closed D. It stabilize the neutral of both pry & sec wdgs. This wdg also carries 3rd harmonic currents.

Generator Connections:
Principally generators are star connected. Neutral point of generator is earthed through NGT or NGR Neutral grounding provides ease for E/F protection.