Neeru Meeru

h~ ^x H^
D $+ K@, K= \# `~` r=~ \#q. D q r=~ @_O ~OaOz =~ 350 H@

O=`~ J~=O@O^x x} JOK<. JQ i}=O [O`= #O_ =x+ \_ . =x+ \ =~ 6,50,000
O=`~ J~O^x _ XH JOK<x A
è* < ~. Jx H O=`~ #O_ r=<x y# =#=_H
D H$ u `# Uq u<, ZO` u<, ZO` `Q Jx q+ H$ u#O_ <~ Hx ^xH J#OQ |`H_ O
[iyOk. H$uH ^Q~Q L#< `# Z= HO rqOKQQ_O, rqOz#O`HO HQ"_ ~Q ^ O_ Y
r=<x yOK_O [iyOk. H$uH ^~OQ rqOK q^< `H# ^Q~#O_ q~^"# r=# q^#O`, XH qÔQ
YM O^`#\H, z=iH `#H qyk ^Y" Jx è#\H P H$u q~^"# r=##O #O_ |@
_H`<_. D ~H"# r=#O Ò \# "_ ^Q~O_ =e"i =~ JO^~ J<~QO`,
J+ Hx Q_ `<~. Wx ~H W|O^, [| =[O =#=x =iOK_xH H~} Z< =<~.
JO^ =YOQ P~O u< q^#O, h~ `Q q^#O, q~# q^#O, = K q^#O =z# =~x K =K.
`# K# `C# uiy `< =iOKHx H$u~OQ Pz, P =Ozx PKiOKQe` =#=xH =m =Oz ~A
~H=. JO` =# K`< =O^x =~"^.
=#O h\ q+O _ H$u ^~x `=. =#O H~# h\ ^~x =m =#O `Hx PKiOKQe`
=#=, =# "~ JO^~ P#OÔQ rqOK=K.
D $+x r=~h rqOK_xH JxO\HO> Ju=Y"#k Qe. JO\ Qe HO_ Hx H}HO>
Z= rqOK= . Qe `~` Jx r=~ Ju=Y"# J=~O h~. JO\ h\x `Q O_ =O> Hx ~A HO>
Z= rqOK=. h\ `~` =Y"#k P~O. JO\ P~O u#O_ Hx < HO> Z= rqOK=. D
=_O\h i# x+u s~xH JOk rq`x y =#=xH P+ ~O_ =_ =O^ O=`~ =~
=O@Ok. Qe, h~, P~O H x+u =# s~O iQ =O> s~O P~QO` qÒk. D x+u =~,
K~ K rq`x y J<~QO D s~x h_ "O\_` =O@Ok. |+, Q D `x `Hx
JQ rqOK~.
D $+ Z= Ò Qe PHqOKHx =Ok. Qe `~` h~, h~ `~` < =<~. W^ qÔ Q D $+ \#
r=~ _ rqOK_xH =YOQ Qe, `~` h~, `~` P~O J=~=`<~. D q XH =O` <,
=_ =O` <x h~ PHqOKHx =<~. Wk $+ ~ O. D s~xH J=~" # Qex H=_O, =^_O J<k
=#K` ^ . `#O`@ `< OQ =# J#=u O_ " _O, |@ ~=_O J<k [~Q`< =O@Ok.
D HO JO^~= KQ, O O_, Y~ O_ HQk Qe XH>. =# Pn#O x Qe QiOz
=#O PzOK=# x ^. s~xH Qe `~` J`=~"# h~, P~= =`= =# Jn#O< =<~. H|\
=# èq `@ WH_ J=~O.
=#s~O =_=O` h~ XH=O` ^~= =<~. JQ D H$u =# J=~= P~ ^~
_ =_=O` h~, XH =O` ^~= =O@#k. L^~} *=H 76 Ò h~ =O> 24 `" ^~O
=Ok. Z= Ò P~ ^~# K h\ Ò WOH Z= =O@Ok. $+#, =##, P~O# =_
=O` h~, XH =O` =`" ^~O =#k H|\ h\ H =Y` ^~O HO> Z= =#k. D ^~x, s~
^~x Q~OKHx =# =# 3:1 J< x+ux +OKH"e. JO> ~A =_=O` h\H ^#`xz, XH=O`
=`" ^~xH W"e.
=_=O` h~, XH =O` ^~O =# =# s~x u~E "_#C_ JO^ ## h~, ^~= _
`~Q` =O\~. ìy# #O h\x, ^~x uiy e. H~# ~E "_` =O> Qe `Q` =O@Ok, h~
`Q` =O@Ok, P~ `Q` =O@Ok. Uk `y` Jk HO@ "<x "_HO@<=. JQ =# s~O h~
J<k `y# _ Ô ~O < h~ H"x J_QÒk. P `y# h\`x =iOK_xH `# Hi# ^x f~_xH
HO`=Ok h~ =iHO` =Ok _O ~. =iHO` =Ok =lQ h, H|ih =O\~. s~O
h~ J_y#_ ^xH h~ W=_O _ =# K`H =_O ^ . H~ h~ `y "_H #_, PH~# }O P ^Q~
h~ JO^@ H` 1,2 Hg@~ ^~O #_z "< `z h~ H=#O` ~. WH_ =# s~O q+O J
KHH`<O. D s~=< "#=O> =x+H JO` KH# =O. JO^H =#O s~O q+O JO` J^Q,
J*Q`Q =i =O\=. h\ q+ O K# > P~ q+ O _ `C K < =. s~xH P~= J=~" # _
`#H P~O H"x PHe ~O J_QÒk. s~xH H=# P~O "~, =#O WK P~O "~. W^ qÔQ
s~Ox qye# =_ `# u ~E "_H ìy, uiy H"x J_y#_ =#O "\x JOk =O^
QÒ> s~O =# KC K` =O@Ok. J HO_ Jk J_Q k XH\, =#O k "~H\ J~` s~O K #@ =#O
q<e =Ok *Q` =i!
=# s~O =_ =O` h~ =O__O ~O Uq@O> s~O [iQ u x h\ =HO< [~Q`
LO@Ok. s~Ox =_ =O` #xO\h h~ K O ^x K =K. u H}
O i_ h~ JOk`< s~O `# K H"e#
q^# Z\HC_ `~Q, =~=OÒQ K P~Qx ~H LO@Ok. KuxO_ i_ _| @x U^< x

~Oa P x `~Q i J=Òk. JQ =O\H i_ h~ JO^` LO> s~ q^h `~Q J=Ò\~. XH
=O` =YO L# P~x i_ ~E fHQK<= Qh =_ =O` =YO L# h\x iQ `Q_O
`HH `<=. P~= XH @ u#H~<, XH ~A u#H~< s~xH #+=O_^. s~O ^y#
P~ x= P~O =x# ~A# LQ_` LO\~. J^ h~ J~` XH @ `QH ~<, XH ~A `QH
~< P H}
" W|O^ ~=_O ~OO J=`~. x# Q `Q= Q^ ^ L^ = Z=Q `Q=Q^,
P h~ s~O P~=Q x= LO_ =# J=~# f~Q^ JO> ~>. ZC_ `y# h\=# JC_ O.
@ #O_ P~O Mm J~#@Q< s~O #O_ h~ J U @ P @ Mm J=` =O@Ok. Mm J~# @#
=~ xO` L#>, Mm J h\x Z\HC_ xO` LO_e. Mm J h\x P~OQ xO< J"@
=#Oî ZC_ HQÒ^ =i.
=#O u< P~O ^~ s~xH i [#O K~O> Jk h\`< Ô. h~ K#C_ ZO` =Oz P~O
ZO` Z= u<, ZO` Ys^ J~#k u< ^x` O s~xH =Kk K `=. =x+ WC_ u< P~O K
Z=. JO` Z= u< ` = H =x+H L#k. WC_ u#Ô\ 50Ò `yO z ux WOH ~ \O H`
, Z= QO@
xK =K. Jk ZC_ JO> h\H =_=O` =Y=# Wz `y#C_. <# D Qx < g^, Z< =O^
=Ok g^ K K#. JOî H =~, Z= QO@ H+ _ J@, PO O_ x`#O ~Q_ O Q=xOK#.
=_=O` h~ `Q#k ZO` x He#^#k J#q Qh è^. K@ |O ~=_xH "^\ _Qh,
Z~=Qh "=. XH ^_ Z~= " ^xH 10 ^h~ "^\ =. P Z= h~ ` = Z~=# x "
Ki, JH_#O_ H= ~= z=~ P=~ P Z~=x ~x "x "o K@O` P |x JOkOk.
Z~= i_ h~ L#C_ WÔ` [~QÒk. P~O "~, Z~= "~ J~#\H =# [iQk _ WO`.
=# L# =_ =O` h~ ZH_H_ ZO` LO@Ok, U ~O LO@Ok, Uq # K LO@Ok, h~
`"#C_ s~O Z W|Ok _Òk, h~ Z"#C_ Z LO@Ok, h~ s~O ZO` Y~ J=` LO@Ok,
h~ `y#C_ ZO\ H} =~, H_ h\H L# O|OÔ, LC h\H L# O|OÔ "^Q q+#
Ò>Qh h~ ZO^ Z= `Q#k =# J~O H^. q+= J~O Hx^ U h K=. J~O KO@,
Pz =O^ "o` s~ ^~O h\ ` ZO`<k g Òk.
WC_ K s~ O h\H, H}, ~HxH L# Jq<= O|OÔ =# [ HO` =OkH J~O
HH=K. uOKO_. J~O Hx K@ =ke " O_. D q+ =HO^ Jx J#HO_. =O^ JÔ< HO`=OkH
J~OHx Hx q+ "#O^ =~ qOKHO_. `~"` P^ Jh =Q< L<~O_ gHO.
K^ =<~OaOKO_.
1. s~O LO_ h~ :
s~O 68% h~ PHqOKHx =O@Ok. "Ò s~O =O_ h~ H} , H} |@ "Oz =O@Ok.
H} =O_ ^"x Intra Cellular Fluid (H} =O_ ^=O)Jh, H} |@ =O_ ^"x Extra
Cellular Fluid (H} |@ =O_ ^=O) Jx JO\~. H} |@ =O_ ^=O qq^ ~ "~ "~ ^
s~O PHqOKHx =O@Ok.
1.
~HOx (Plasma)
2.
H}H H}H =^# PHqOz =O_ ^=O (Interstitial fluid)
3.
"^_ , "#= =O_ ^=O (Cerebrospinal Fluid)
4.
Tiu` |@ ~ =^ =O_ ^=O (Serous Fluid)
=i @ Q# H=OK i\xO =O_ ^=O (Peritonial Fluid)
5.
H O^ =O_ ^=O (Synovial Fluid)
6.
r~k~ ~O =O_ ^" (Digestive Juices)
7.
=Ò (Urine)
# H} |@ =O_ ^= ^~= QiOz K#> W_ H} =O_ ^=O QiOz KÔ. s~Ox u
J=== Hx H} =^=. qq^ J=" H}x h\Ò "~"~Q =O@Ok. s~O JO`\ =O_
HO_~, QO_ H HO_~, "^_, Ti u` "^Q J=" H}*= =O_ h\ Ò P J="
"Ò |~= 7080% =O@Ok. e=~, K~O =O_ h~ 70% Z=H =O_ h~ 20%. XH =x+ 70 Hr |~=
=#_ J`x =O_ h~ 43 b@~. WO^ H} |@ =O_ ^=O 11 b@~ J~` H} =O_ ^=O 32
b@~ (h~). J^ 57 Hr |~= =# =O_ h~ 29 b@~. WO^ H} |@ =O_ ^=O 8.5 b@~ J~` H}
=O_ ^=O 20.5 b@~. W\ =~ s~O H} , " h~ U qÔQ PHqOKHx =#n `H<O.
W_ H} , |@ =O_ ^" U qÔQ xOuOK|_` KÔ.
2. H} , |@ =O_ ^" xO`} : H}O =O_ ^= ^~Ox h\ `x, H}O |@ =O_
^~Ox h\`x _O (L), \+O J< =} =Ò K =O\~. D ~O_ =} H~}OQ<

H}O h\x eH, |@ ~~ K Hx Hey =O@Ok.
H}O e ^= ^~O _O Ò `=Q =O@Ok. \+O Ò Z=Q =O@Ok.
_O 20 q.Q. / b@~
\+O 110 q.Q / b@~
nxH =u~HOQ H}O |@ =O_ ^= ^~O _O Ò Z= =O_, \+O Ò `= =O@Ok.
_O 143 q.Q / b@~
\+O 5 q.Q / b@~
H}O K@ =O_ Kx ~ (H}~) h\x, _O, \+O =}# |@, O_xH J#=Q
=O@Ok. nx^~< H} #O_ |@, ~~ [~QÒk.
H}O , |@ =O_ _O, \+O x+` q^=Q =#_ H}O , |@ =O_ h\Ò
=O_=# ~ =O@Ok. =#O P~O L Z= fH<, s~O h\ Ò Q `y< H} , |@
=O_ h\ Ò =~` =O@Ok.
LH, h\H =# O|OÔ:

~HO _O (L) Z= =#_ ~HO H P\H +~ iy H} =^# =# h~ (Interstitial
Fluid) ~HOxH K~Òk. J^ =O ~HO Z=Q =# L ~HO #O_ H} =^# =O_ ^=OxH
K~Òk. Z_` WH_H L K~O^ H} =O_ h~ _ H} |@ Q|_Òk. H} h\x
H=_O =# H} [iQ ~xH K~ ^|uO\~. H} =~ ^~# `yOKH< Hx H`~. L
Z= u< "iH HO` =OkH H ", =YO " Jn K LO\=. nxH H~}O # K #@Q H} e h~,
~HOx h~ H} |@ K~_". J^ " ~O HxO\~. ~HO L Z= J~#_ ^x |@
<@_xH =` O_ uOz Z= =`x qi~.
3. h~ H} K~ q^#O:
~HO #O_ H}, H} #O_ ~HxH x~O`~O h\ =i_ [~Q`< LO@Ok. =#O `y# h~ Q ^fi~
H|_ ~HxH K~Òk. ~HO#O_ H} U qÔQ K~Ò^ # wz# = P^~OQ ÒÔ.
~HO #O_ h~ H} |@ =O_ ^=OxH }OK_xH, H} |@ =O_ ^=O #O_ H} eH
}OK_xH P\H +~ H~}==Òk. P\H +~ JO> Uq\ ÒÔ.
P\H +~ (Osmatic Pressure) : ~O_ "~ "~ O^` Q ^=}# XH Kx ~` "~ K#_
`= O^`Q ^=}O #O_ h~ Z= O^`Q ^=}OxH }OK_xH LQ_ _# Hx ''P\H
+~ JO\~.
# zÒ KOz# q^=Q ~HO XH ^=}=#O>, H} =^# =O_ ^~"H ^=}=. D ~O_ ^=}
=^ H ~H<O H Q_ Kx ~Q D ~O_O\h "~ KOk. D ~ ^fi~ ~HO #O_ H}O |@ ##fl
^=OxH h\ =i_ Z [~QÒ^ KÔ. J^ qÔQ H}O K@ =#fl ~ ^fi~ H}O |@, h\ =i_
_ [~QÒk.
h~ `y#_ [iQ =~ : =#O u~E ~Q_# 1 b@~ #O_ 1.5 b@~ =~ h `y`
=Oz^x `Q` =O\=. K =OkH JO` h~ XH~ `y` ~HO K|_Ò^x, ~HOx +~ ~QÒ^x,
H_fl W|Ok HQÒ^x ~H~H J` Z= h\x `Q_xH _`, `Q"ix K_Q_` =O\~.
JÔ` `^~", h~ Z= `Q_O =# JO\ #g [~Q=x ~OQ x~OK|_#k. l*=H~
Oxford University Press "~ KiOz# Samson Wright's Applied Physiology HO 35 r
K~x i~# H~ Ki<flO.
REGULATION OF WATER BALANCE AND COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS BY THE KIDNEY
Water Diuresis
If 1-2 litres of water are drunk, particularly on an empty stomach, absorption takes place rapidly from the
intestine. The passage of water into the blood slightly dilutes the plasma
and decreases its crystalloid o.p. by about 3 per cent. (i.e., corresponding to a decrease of concentration
of about 10 milliosmoles per litre) the plasma volume increases slightly. These changes are so small because
the excess water is distributed throughout 50 litres of body water, and the kidneys increase the loss of fluid in the urine.
Body Fluid Changes
The trivial dilution of the plasma proteins decreases their osmotic pressure to a negligible extent (e.g., from 25 mm. to 24 mm.
Hg); likewise no significant rise occurs in the capillary blood pressure. The flow of water out of the blood vessels is the result
of the decreased crystalloid o.p. of the plasma.
The crystalloid o.p. of the interstitial fluid is higher than the reduced o.p. of the plasma; water therefore passes from the plasma
into the interstitial spaces. (Electrolytes simultaneously diffuse in the other direction, i.e., from the interstitial fluid into the plasma,
but the rate of movement of the water in the opposite direction is faster and more important. At equilibrium the volume of both
plasma and interstitial fluid is increased and both fluids which together comprise the ECF have an identical but lower crystalloid
o.p.)
The balance that is normally maintained between intra and extracellular fluid is disturbed, and owing to the fall in crystalloid
o.p. of the ECF, fluid enters the cells. Finally the ingested water is distributed equally throughout all the body water and all the
body fluids have a slightly lower crystalloid o.p. If there were no renal response and if the 2 litres of water ingested were to
be stored in the 45 litres of body water the crystalloid o.p. would fall by only 4.4 per cent.
Renal Changes
A renal response occurs after a latent period of 15-30 minutes [Fig. 3]; the flow of urine rises (from the 'resting' value of 50
ml. per hr.) to its peak usually within an hour and a half when a maximum excretory rate of 1300 ml. per hr. (22 ml. per min.)
may be attained; the diuresis declines and is usually over in 3 hours by which time the excess urinary output has about equalled
the excess fluid intake.
As the volume of urine increases, its specific gravity falls, e.g., to 1001; there may be a slight total increased excretion of NaCl
and urea during the diuresis although the percentage concentration of these substances is, of course, very low. This initial washing
out of solids is compensated for by a lessened rate of excretion after the diuresis is over. The point to emphasize however is
that the kidney responds selectively by an enormous increase in water output with little associated loss of solids. There are no
changes in renal dynamics. There is no increase in renal blood flow; there is no increase in G.F.R. unless the urinary volume
exceeds 900 ml. per hr.; it is quite clear therefore that the diuresis is due to decreased reabsorption of water by the renal tubules.
A urinary output of 900 ml. per hour (=15 ml. per minute) means that, of every 130 ml. of glomerular filtrate although 16 ml.,
as usual, reach the distal tubule per minute, 15 ml. are allowed to escape in the urine (compared with 1 ml. as normally).
The level of diuresis is of the same order of magnitude as that seen in clinical diabetes insipidus and is likewise due to lack of
ADH. The dilution of the plasma crystalloids switches off' the hypothalamico-hypophyseal mechanism responsible for ADH secretion.
It will be noted that the dilution of the plasma precedes the onset of diuresis. During this period it may be supposed that the
circulating ADH is being destroyed and that no fresh ADH is being secreted; as the blood ADH level falls diuresis sets in.
Fig.3-Changes
Fig.3
in urine volume and plasma crystalloid osmotic pressure after drinking 1000 ml. of water in man. Urine volume
in ml. per hour. Change in plasma crystalloid osmotic pressure in milli-osmoles per litre. The maximal fall in plasma crystalloid
osmotic pressure is about 10 milli-osmoles per litre. The dilution of the plasma precedes by about 15 minutes the onset of
diuresis. [After Baldes and Smirk (1934) F. Physiol. (Lond.) 82.)
JO` h~ XHi `Q_O =# ZO\ #+= ZO^ ~^ W_ KÔ.

=#O XHi 1,2 b@~ h~ =~ Mm H_ ` `y#_ Hk xq< K `fiiÒQ P h\x @, Q HO\~.
Q H#fl h~ ~HxH K~Òk. nx =# ~HOx HkQ K|_ Òk. J ~HO K|_#\H
H P\H +~ KH^Q =~g =O_^. H P\H +~ 25 mm Hg. #O_ 24 mm Hg. H `QÒk.
~HO H i=}O HkQ ~QÒk. Z= h `Q_O =# ~HO =K =~ K `=. ZO^K`#O>
=#O `y# h~ s~O ##fl "Ò 43 b@~ h\` H s~=O` }Ok. Hs |_ +~ =~g =O_^.
~HOx P\H +~ `Q_O =# ~HO#O_ h~ H} =^ ##fl ^=OxH K~Òk. ZO^K`#O> ~HOx
P\H +~ HO> H} =^# =#fl ^=Ox P\H +~ Z= =O@Ok. D qÔQ ~HO #O_ h~ H} |@
#O_ ÔxH K~_O `<flO. W_ H} |@ #O_ ^=O #O_ H}eH U qÔQ K~ O@O^
ÒÔ.
~HO#O_ h~ H} =^# =O_ ^=OxH K~ =O< nxH =u~H k H} =^ #O_ ^=Ox _O,
\+O =} ~HOxH "~. Z_` _O, \+O ~HOxH " J_ H} =^# =O_ ^=O
H P\H +~ `QÒk. H}O P\H +~ H} =^ =#fl ^=O H P\H +~ HO> Z=
=O_@O =# H} |@ ##fl h~ H} H } O k. D q^= Q =#O fH#fl h~ s~Ox H}xflO\xH
=#OQ K~Òk. W_ =#O `y# Z= h\=# H_fl ZO\ =~ = ÒÔ.
Mm H_` 2 b@~ `y#_ H_fl =K =~ : P~Q=O`x s~Ox H_fl QO@H 50 q.b. K#

=`=# `~ K LO\~. XH QO@ H_fl `~ KQ Qi+ =`= H iqu 1300 q.b. =~
=O@Ok. XHi D Qi+ iqu =~ =`= `~# `~fi` =`= `~=fi_O H=OQ `QÒk. W^
qÔQ =#O XHi `y# Z= h\= `y# QO@ QO@#fl~ 1300 q.b. =~ =`= `~=Òk. `~"`
HkQ =`" =`= `~=Òk. =#O `y# 3 QO@ ZO` Z= h~`y` JO` h\H =#OQ =`
q~# [~QÒk. JO`Hx h~ Z= `Q_O =
1.
H_fl x f~, H `_ Ug ~^.
2.
H_flxH =OK ~HO Ò ~Q^.
3.
H_fl =_H> ~@ _ =~^.
Z= =`= qiO|_@O =# =Ò _O H~_, i == HO> HOKO Z=Q |@

`~. JO`Hx s~xH J=~"# ^~g |@ =. =~ ^~, s~xH J#=~"# ^~ =`"
qiO|_`~.
Z= =Ò ~=_xH H~}O: ==Q H_fl ~Hxfl =_H\#_ J=~"# h\x uiy Hx qye#
h\x =`" =Ò ~O qi~. =#O Z= h\x `y#_ =_H\# h\x uiy H"e# J=~O
=O_^. H|\ P h~ =Ò ~O |@ =KOk. H|\ =#O h~ Z= `y#\H Z=Q =#fl h\x
|@ O, J=~"# "\x |@ O_ KHQ Q H =# H_fl LOk. H_fl, h\H =#fl O|O^xfl
`H<flO H|\ ~AH 5,6 b@~ h `y` H_fl Z= x J=Ò^< J` h~ `Q_O =x xx
W|O^ `KH< HO> Z= h\x ^~OQ `y =Oz e`xfl O^_xH uflOKO_.
W\ =~ =#O h~ Z= `Q_O =# s~xH " Hx #+O ^#fl q+xfl q=~OQ `H<flO. W_
s~O h~ `= J~#_ s~xH ZO\ x HQÒ^ `HOÔ.
s~O h\ Ò `y#_ =K =~ : u ~E =# s~O #O_ h~ =Ò, K=@, =k Qe, K~O

^fi~ Y~ J=` =O@Ok. D < ~ h~ ~A "Ò s~O #O_ ZO` |@ Ò^ ijeÔ.
1.
H_fl ^fi~ =Ò ~O 1 #O_ 1.5 b@~
2.
K~O ^fi~ =# H#_x K=@ ~O HO`, H H#|_ ~O HO` "Ò ~AH 600 800 q.b..
K=@ Q Z= \#_ ~AH 2 b@~ =~ _ h~ |@ Òk.
3.
Tiu` ^fi~ =#O =k Qe 400 500 q.b.
4.
=O ^fi~ 100 q.b. =~ qiOK|_Òk.
D qÔQ #+ h\x u~E =#O h~ `Q_O ^fi~ s KH"e. XHHi Z= q~K<, "O` J=fi_O
=# _ s~O h\ Ò Q _Òk. s~O H~# h\x "O@< JOkOK#@~` qs`"# i}=
îf=K.
s~O h~ `y#C_ H} |@ =O_ ^=Ò `Q_O =# ^x J\H +~ ~QÒk. J_ H}
=O_ h~ H} |@ Q|_Òk. h\x H~# H} =_KHx`~. nx =# H} [iQ ~xHK~
JO` K_Òk. H} fH#fl P~O HQ =~_xH J=H=O_^. _O, \+O =} |@
`~. =Ò H i=}O `Q `
Ok. h\x #+ ~#_ h\`@ s~xH J=~" # , Ju =Y"# ZH\
x
_ HÒ.
h\ Ò `y#_ H_fl =K =~ :
1.
=` O_H =K ~HO =~g =O_^.
2.
=Ò_ =_H\# ~HO h\ Ò `QÒk.
3.
=`= `=Q "Ok.
4.
~HO i, iH P_, H@x<, @, #`[x O|O^ "# =~ ^~ ~O\~.
5.
=Ò Z= "Qx D =~ ^~hfl |@ <@|_=.
s~O h~ `= J~#_ =K W|O^:

Ô, h~O, K~O _Q J=fi_O, K~O uH`# H=_O, H QO@ _@O, H _Q J=@O. s~O h~
`Q_ O = Zxfl W|O^ =< fl <k # `<flO. Z= h~ `Q_O =# H_fl èHQ "\ x Jq K QQ`~.
~Hxfl iO KQQ`~. XH _H~ Q~ (H_fl +e) H_fl Q xKO> '4 b@~ HO> `= HO_
h\x u ~E `Qx \.q K|Ò_Q <# q<fl#. h~ H_fl K#O` " =~n K^.
s~O H} u h~ Uq KOk? J<k ~OQ q=i =Oz^x WÔ` "_O [iyOk. K=OkH WO\
q+ J~O H=. HO`=OkH WO\ q+ "Qh iQ è^. =YOQ D JÔ h~ XH~
Z= `y<, Z= h\x ~E `y< s~xH =K #+=O@ Ug ^x OQ q=iOK_xH K#^D `flO.
s~O h\ ` ZO` QQ L#fl^< q+xfl `#fl_ h\x `Q `fl= K=. q+= è h\x
z#flK Z=~ WH K_~. s~xH Wxfl # HeyOK h\x Zxfl `Qe, Z `Qe, Z_ `Qe J< JO
H" K^=` h\x J `Q `flO KÔ.
h~ ZO` `Qe
u~E =x+ ZO` h~ `Q#flk iQ èx q+O J~Ok. XH~ 8 Q `y` iÒÔ>, HO^~
3 b@~ `QO\~. _H~ ~E ZO` Y~ J~` JO` h\x =#O uiy `y` iÒk JO\~. # ~,
gH WOHH H` K|`~. `<~} ~A Q~ Kk =~ LOk. WO^~ K Ô\ Uk "=", Uk H^
èH Uq K `KH J=O _`<fl~ [. WO` z#fl q+O ZO^HO` uH=H =<flO>,
=x+Q [#Zu#O^H Jx Jx#flk. WO\ z#fl z#fl O#O_ =#O |@_ PK# W_ KÔ.
=# s~O ~E =O, =Ò, K=@, fi, r~H "^Q "\ J=~# f~_xH Y~ J h~ =~
2.5 b@~ LO@Ok. Wk JOî# u~E Y~ J h~. s~ xfl iQ `#fl J#=A# "^ D
h\ q+O Kk Uq@O> D 2.5 b@~# uiy ~A "Ò =#O JOk iÒ^x. J Y~ J~# h\x =#O
JOk LO> Z_ =# LO_ 68 Ò h~ `QO_ LO@Ok H|\ P~QO QO@Ok JO\~. =#=_
H$u `# H~ `~# P~xfl ^qkQ _KO_ uO> P~O `= =~ ^~ LO_@O K`, P
`= K_ D 2.5 b@~ |@ Ô\< iQ Òk. J##fl P~Q= J_ =Ok. z P~<fl
iQ u#fl_ =#O 2.5 b@~ h\< ~E `y` J_ U #+O O_ s~O U "# ~O_ fiKOQ LO@Ok.
_H~ `Qx K h~ gi q+O #\H #~ H~. JO\ z P~xfl Pk =#=_ u<fl_ Qh,
D<\ =#=_ P J=$`~xfl =O_, "i, "~Oz JO^ <H i_Q L, #<, <~, OK^~, =#
HO@ u~E, u\ u^~xfl _K uO@<fl_. D ~HOQ `~ K# P~O uO> =~ ^~
Hxfl =O^ ~@ s~OxH Z=Q u~E "` LO\~. D ^hfl =#O `Q 2.5 b@~ h\ '50 Ò =
'50 Ò s~O LO_`~. P ^hfl HiQk h\<. P h~ i_ H` ZO_`~. x= LO\~.
g~##fl@ 2.5 b@~ h\H s~ J=~ fi K_O` iQ |@ ` LO> g <~, [O, =Ò,
K=@ Z= "# ~O_ LO_e. s~O =~ ^~ qye#_ =#O "# ^fi~ "\x JOK< "=K `
"~ ~H sH Qx, xOQQx è^. D "## |> h~ =# `=~#^, i`#fl^ J#flk èÒk.
JOîH D "# =Q =<fl~. JO> =#O `Qh~ K_O ^x J~O. 2.5 b@~, JO`HO> `= h~ s~xH
K_O ^x J~O J~O^#O\#. h~ `= `y` O Ug ^ H|\ s~x#fl |OQ~ q+`# J
`= h~ `y _KHHO_. =# L#fl 68 Ò h\ Y~ J 2.5 b@~ h\x uiy _" =# ^` H^,
^x`@ 68 Ò h~ iOQ LO_@@ H_H=_O _ <~H"e. JO\ i`# JOk=fi_xH _
=#O u~E h~ `Qe. D ~O_ J=~# f~_xH ZO` h~ J=~" W_ ÒÔ. JQ h\H,
P~xH ZO` eO L#fl^ _ Ò^=.
=# s~xH JxflO\HO> Ju =Y"#k Qe, `~"` Ju =Y"#k h~, `~"` Ju =Y"#k P~=. D
s~ x~}O< QeH ^= <xfl, h\H kfif <xfl, P~xH `$f <xfl W=fi_O [iyOk. =#= _ D
~xfl QiOz u ~E JQ =iOKe. ^= #O< Qex QiOz P q^=Q JO^HQQ`<fl=. =#
s~O =_ =O` h~, XH =O` ^~=#flk. JO> =#O ~A "Ò h\H =_ =O` =Y=# Wz,
P~xH XH =O` =`" W"fix s~ ^~O WH_ K|`#flk. Wk P~Q ^~O. h~, P~O q+O =#O Z
=i < fl" Pz^=.
h~, ^~= =# s~O 68 : 32 x+u L<fl~. 70 Hr |~=#fl =H 43 b@~ h\ i=}O "ÒQ
LO@Ok. qQ` 27 H r |~= P~O ^fi~ ` ~ # ^~= LO@Ok. (HO_~, #~, Z=H, H} "^Q#q)
u ~E =#O x^z # ^Q~ # O_ _ H =~ h\ QiOz Z= Pz< fl=? uO_ QiOz Z= Pz< fl=?
h~ Z= "`^ "`#fl^? P~O Z= "`^ "`#fl^? Zxfl~ h `Q`<fl~? Zxfl
~ uO@<fl~? Zxfl h `Q`<fl~? ZO` uO@<fl~? PzOKO_.
g~ W\ =~ ^xHO` =Y= xK~, q+ Z =iOK~, "#H "o XHi PzOKHO_.
s~ J=~# Z `~=~ K" =~H=~ Q~KHO_. s~O kfif #O PHqOK#fl h\x fHx
"o, `$f <xH \<~ K, `$f #O L#fl P~xfl f =z kfif <xH \<~ K~. =#
W+"z#@ W =~, K~ KH=_xH s~O U=<fl =#O `~KO> `~# ="? nxH Jku
=#=? H^. H#_ s~ Q}# =~ J~` =#HH_k? PzOKO_. WO\ =~, K~ K= H|>
=# HiOz =#efl H=OQ Q=O K~_xH =z# D s~=< "#O =z# J xx KH `#flk. D
s~O` =#= Y=Q }O KO> h\H kfif <xfl, P~xH `$f <xfl uiy HeyOz rqOK_O
<~H"e. D q+O J*#O WH xH ~^.
=_ =O` h~, XH =O` P~O L#fl s~xfl u ~E P~Q =OÒQ LOKH"O>, =#O ~E ZO` h~
`y ZO` P~O uO> x+uH iÒ^ ^xx `x PKi^=. (3 : 1) P~O HO> h~ =_ ~@ Z=

LO_x WH_ `#flk. =#O u< P~xH =_ ~@ Z=Q h~ `y` iÒk. ZO` èQ q+O
è~O^ K~? 'The greatest truths are the simplest' J#flk WH_ Ò.
=x+ ZO` h~ `Q#fl ^xH =^#O <# K#H~^. WH_ s~" K|`#flk. JOî s~ K ~=
~O J^. =# s~xfl, H$ux u ~E ZO` HO` ije f XH~ `# P~Q ~ `< fi=Q
`H=K. XH =O` P~xH =_ =O` h~ J<k H$u ^~O. J^ s~^~O _.
XH =O` P~=, =_ =O` h~ JO> Zxfl Hr P~=, Zxfl b@~ h J=~==`~? h~, P~O
=# u ~E J=~=k =# xx |\. Z= x KH< "~ Z= uO\~. `= x K < "~ `=
uO\~. WH_ h\x |\ uO_x x~~OK ^ uO_x |\ h\x x~~OK? =#OîH u#_O JO> Z= W+O
H|\ =O^ uO_x x~~Oz `~"` h\x ^xH =_ ~@ x~~^=. =x+H =x+H u< uO_ i=}O =~
LO@Ok. Z=~ ZO` uO> ^xH =_ ~@ h J#flk =^#O. 15 OII ^\# ^Q~#O_ 50, 60 O=`~ =
=K =~ =~Q JO^~ LÔ #O_ ~u =~ u<k `HO " 2 Hr |~=O_ P~O uO\~. H|\ 5
#O_ 6 b@~ h~ `y` iÒk. Q x Z= K"~ =~ 2.5 3 Hr =~ P~O uO\~. "~ 7,8
b@~ `y` iÒk. JO` Z= uO_ u<fl=O> Z= =~O `~=Òk. P Z= =~O Z= h\`
|@ èQ =KOk.
=#O W\ =~ 2,3 Hr P~O u<fl=. h\x =Ò èH `Q^. HO^~ 2,3 Q, HO^~ 4 Q,
HO^~ ~O_ b@~, Q Z= `y` =_ b@~. uO_ Z= h~ `=. Z~ `= aO Z= LOk
=#. Z~ `= J~#_ J#flO a~Q, Q LO@Ok. =# _ Jxfl =~ ^~ zH|_ `fi~Q
[~Q=. JH_#O_ s~O ~Q ^~ ~Q` LO\~. "Q `~} "^, P `~"` n~ "^ <^
s~O "O\~. ~# x+u h~ `y#_ s~O ~Q ^~# <\" iOQ LOKO@Ok.
s~ ^~O H~O =#O WH ~AH 5,6 b@~ h\x `Q_O ~OaÔ. s~O Y~ 2.5 b@~ Q qQ` 3 b@~
h~, s~Ox 68 Ò h\x iO K_xH HiOk. W 5,6 b@~ h\` J@ s~ J=~, W@ q~# H
Q KH=_xH KH\ J=HO HQK#flk. W\ =~ g~ h~ `=, uO_ Z= K~. J K g s~O
P~QO Z LO^ g Q `. W\ #O_ 1,2 <@ Z= h~# J^ uO_` `y K_O_. e` Z
LO\, g Y=Q, èQ LO^ ^ èÒk. P `~fi` h~ W `Q, =< g~ x~~OKHO_. g
g~ < x~`. e`xfl Kk g s~". WOH ZO^ PO, D H}O #O_ D QO g yOKHO_.
WOH g Hxfl =~ ~"e. Jq U=O>, \< uO^~Qh ~O_ ! J< =O^ h~ `y`< ~O_ Jx J_QO_.
WOH HOKO u#O_ Jx Z= > HO> WOH HOKO h `QO_ Jx |u=_O Q _`~O_. WO\Hz#
K\xH H, \ez Hxfl OKHO> ^ \` hiz 5,6 b@~ Qxfl, [<xfl "iH OKO_.
5,6 b@~ h\x ZO^ `Qe

s~xH Z= h~ `y` =Oz^<k K =OkH `. `Q=# Z= h\x Z_, Z `Q =# Z=~
q=~OQ KO_ `Q=O@<fl~. 5,6 b@~ h\x Z_ _` J_, u<@_ `y` HO> # K
Z=Q LO\~. D =^ ~, H _ Z= h~ `QO@<fl~ Qx Z `Q, ZO^ `Q
q=iOK~ . =#O `Q D 5,6 b@~ h~ s~ J=~# fi, s~O i" # "`=~}O HeyOK_xH `Q`<fl=.
s~ O H~ =#O `Q@_ s~ q^# =O^ `x `~"` `Q_O =Ozk. 'U^ Q_ Z^ K _@
=#O K_^. =O^Q s~O x~fiOK q^# Qi ÒÔ.
s~ q^ (#) : XH ~Ax ~O_ QQ Q 12 QO@, ~u 12 QO@Q qlOK~. Q "Q, ~u
pH\ "~Q LO\~. u rqH Hxfl ^~<fl~. Q ux uiQ r= ~uH qOu. ~uH ux uiQ r= Q
qOu. =#=_ k#K~_ H|\ Q 12 QOII u#_O, u~Q_O K ~u 12 QOII u#O_, u~QO_ qOu J<
^~ xH KOk#"_. Wk =#=xH H$ u Wz# >O >|. D x=xfl P^~OQ K x s~O q^ xqO|_~.
=#O D x=O H~O #_< P q^ iQ x~fiO|_`~ ^ "\ ^ = ~Q =~.
P q^ ~O_ ~H : 1) s~xH Q\ _\ 2) s~xH ~u _\. D ~O_ _\ "~ "~. s~O D ~O_
_\# u ~E Ke. ~O_ _\# ~A q_q_Q K< s~O P~QOQ LO@Ok. Q K# _\< ~uH
K~Oz<, ~uH K _\< Q K~Oz< s~O P~Qxfl, P+# HÒk. ~Q` =xyÒk.
1) s~xH Q\ _\ : =# s~O u ~E Q ~O_ ~H ##KOk. Jq :
"^\k : f#fl P~xfl JiyOK_O, Jiy# ^xfl H} "x "_O, "x "o# ^xfl HQ =~_O,
q_^ J~# =~ ^~# q~H=" K~_O.
~O_=k : ~E =# L#fl H} P+ J~~ Hxfl H@ KxÒ\~. P Kx~# H} #O H`
H}# `~ K_O.
D ~O_ # =# =~=OÒQ [~QO> h\ J=~O ZO` LOk. h~ iQ `y`< P~xfl JiyOK ~
`~=`~. h~ `y`< Jiy# P~O ~HOxH "Òk. h~O>< ~HOx P~O H}xH "Òk. ~#
x+u h~O>< H} P~O HQ =~ KO^Òk. D q^hfl h\ =HO< [~Q`~. D q^ i~OQ
[~Q_xH, =#O h\x ~# =O i_ `y`< O LO@Ok. Z_ |_` J_ `y` O U =Ò ~^.
2) s~xH ~u _\ : =# s~O u ~E ~u@ ~O_ ~H ## KOk. Jq:
"^\k : Q u#fl P~ ^~ ^fi~ `~# =~ ^~ =O, =Ò, K=@, H~< _H_ ^fi~ HO`
=~ Q\ @ |@ qiO|_`~. qye# =~ ^~# qiOK H~H=O ~Ò` H} K LO\~.
~O_=k : u ~E =#x H} Z<fl [|# _` LO\~. P [| _ H}# i~ K H~H=O KOk.
JQ =# s~xH U"< W|O^ =z<, ^| `ye<, J<~QO Qey< "@xflO\#O_ =#efl i~ K ~HOK
H~H=O Jx _ K=K.
~u @ Hke=K =~ ^~#, <Q ~ QO_ iQ |@ qiOKO> Jq Jhfl h\ Hiy` Qx
}O K=. =~ ^~ Q Hiy |@ ~"O> i_ h~ `QH` Jq Jhfl ZO_ `~. Qe,
h~ i_ LO>< s~O ~u@ i~ KO@Ok. ~u@ s~O KH"e# q^ =~=OÒQ [~QO>
^xH H"e i_ h~! ~# =O Jx =Ò Q~OKH"e.
=#= `Q=# 5,6 b@~ h\x s~O Q, ~` K "~ "~ q^ x~fiOK_xH q_Q\ `Qe. WH_
~O_ QQ q_Q@=K.
1) ~Q_# `Q=# h~ : ~u@ q_^ q~H ^~# x^z# ^Q~ #O_ H< KH=_xH D h~
xH =Ok. ~u@ s~O HxOQ, i~ KO@ L<fl, =#O ~u@ x^"x `Q= H|\, x^ z#
^Q~ #O_ =~ U^< u< `Q h\x ~Q_# `Qh~ J#=K. =#= 2.53 bII h~ =~ ~Q_# `y` =~
^~ s~O #O_ iQ |+iO|_ s~O P~Q=OÒQ =~Òk.
2) Q\ @ `Qh~ : Q\ @ K _\# ^$+ LOKx, s~ J=~# f~_xH `Q U~@. LÔ
\< u#fl `~"` #O_ OHO 6,7 QO@ =~ `Qh~ nxHO^ =Ok. 5,6 b@~ h\ ~u _\H 2.53
b@~ ~Q_# Q qye# 2.53 b@~ h\x Q\ _\H H\~OKH"e. s~O u~E ~O_ ~H q^#
K_O J<k `^. P q^ Q [~QO> h\x W ~O_ QQ q_Q\ `Q_= `^. LÔ Q
`Q= Q^ Jx Q\ @ `Q_O =x` g Q\ _\ s~O W|O^# Z^~= =Ok. JQ Q `y
LÔ =x" ~u _\ =# =~ ^~ qye Hxfl W|O^ =~.
u~E =# s~O ~O_ ^ `# K=# ^`# KHx"fie. JO> g~ = "iy h~ JOk K.
qQ`k JO` `< KO@Ok. h~ JOkOK_xH _ |^H", ~" J#O> P~QO aOK_O | H+OQ
LO@Ok. Y~ O_ s~O èQ i= h\ ^~xfl PKiOKH ` WH rq`" =$^! WO`HO> "#
P~Q #O WOHH\ D HO< ^. ~Q_#, Q\@ h\x Z `Q q=~OQ `x ~\#O_ J
`Q `flO K J^`"# e`# J#uHO< JO^~ JO^x, P#Ok~x =#~ H~O@<fl#.
h~ ZC_ `Qe
<g^ #_= =# =#=_ `# èq`@` PHO H= ZQ~QQ`<fl_. JQ h\ K=
D^QQ`<fl_. Hh <g^ iQ |`HH `<fl_. JO^H |`H\xH P^~"# h~# ZC_ `Q#fl q+O
=Ò `HH `<fl_. WO` <QiH` iy#\H ZO` J*#O` h\ q+O Z<fl `C K<fl_. $+x
urqH `# h~ ZC_ `Q#flk +OQ Òk. XH*u [O`=hfl XH ~HOQ h~# `Q` LO\~. Hh
=#=x q+OxH = XH~ u<@_, WOHH~ u<=O^, =~H~ u#fl `~"`, "~H~ ZC_ _` JC_
H=tH}~ÒQ `Q` L<fl~. H$u \ iy# |krq J~# =#=xH H$u ^~ èH =_O ZO`
qKiOK =# q+O. =x+H `# h~ `Qk i x= q~Ô Jx èO_< ~A Q_z`<fl~. WH<<
"H#H ` P~QO uiy~^. H|\ h\ q+O H$u ^~O, =# s~ ^~O Uq@#flk WC_< `<
`flOK^=.
h~ ZC_ `Qe Jx tfls~O Hi#C_ Jx =^#O. s~O `# P~O H= =z#_ PHe ~O
P~O u#=x è*#@, h~ H= =z#_ Ô ~O h~ `Q=x è*Ok. JO> Ô ~O
s~O Hi#_ h~ =#O `y` Ô f~Òk. Ô J<k ~O_ O^~ J=Ò@Ok.
"^\k : s~ J=~ h~ J=~"#C_ ^xx f~H=_xH J ["# Ô.
~O_=k : =#O u< ~H~H ~K# s~O r~O KH=_xH J J["# Ô.
H$u ^"# P~xfl fH< r=~, =#+ XH~H"# Ô. J^ "^\ ~HO Ô. ~K H~ LC,
#<# "_"iH =`" ~O_= ~HO Ô `HOQ J=Òk. D ~O_ ~H ^ QiOz q=~OQ Ò>
` h\x ZC_ `Q#flk J~O H^. =#O W\ =~ `y# Ô ~#^? H^? Jx _ Òk. =O^Q.....
["# ^=, ^x Q}= : ["# P~O f< "iH ["# Ô LO@Ok. H$u^"# O_,
~, yO[, Ô "IIq u<@C_ Z=iH Ô =^ =^ "^. u#fl `~"` _ "^. W\ =~ =#
u<@C_ h\x `Q J"@ L#fl\H O_, z ~ uO@ LO> J"@ H~OQ _ Ô "^. P~O
< h~ ZC_ `Q#fl q+O LO@Ok. u#fl P~O iQ JiQH JC_ Ô "Ok. Wk H$u ^~O. JO^K`<
U rq _ u<@_ h~ `Q^. JQ P~xfl =O_, LC, #< "O_ u#fl\H u<@C_ Ô "^.
H} J=~"#_ H$u ^"# Ô "Ok. Wk ["# Ô. P~Q=O`"# Ô.
=# s~O Hxfl "H@ H} LO\~. =# [iQ =Y"# ~xH =~hfl D H}< [~Q`
LO\~. H} , H} |@ =YOQ Z=Q LO_k h~. x~O`~O H} [iQ ~# H h~
J=~==` LO@Ok. h~, Qe =HO< P~ ^~ HQ =~_O, =~ ^~ ^#O KO^@O "IIqII [~Q`
LO\~.
H} h~ `y#C_, P `y# h\ x+ux =iOKH=_xH H} #O_ P[ #~ ^fi~ "^_x ^=
QOk h\ x+ux H_ O@~ "`~. H} h~ `y#C_ D O@~ ~OK|_ Ô J< =# HQÒk.
h~ `Q_O =# [ QO^ _ qOKx H~}OQ <~ ZO_Òk. <\ =H ~ HO^ LO_ i~
_ D OH` "`~. J_ =# h~ `Q< ^ =# HQÒk. H} h~ `y#_ J ^xH
<~ ZO_=_O, _ Pi=_O O\q "O@< ~=. =#O h\x `QO_ Z= PO K D H} =~. P
H} ~H~#\H =#O h~ "O@< `Qe.
=#O `y# h~ @, Q QO_ `fi~Q ~HOxH "o JH_ #O_ H} Ki` "\ J=~= f~Òk.
H} H=# h~ D ~HOQ "O@< JOk` H} "\ q^# H=OQ, =~=OÒQ x~fi~. =#O `y#
h~ 2025 xII H} Ki` "\ HiH <~"~Òk. Ô f~Òk. D H~O =#O `y# h~ `fi~Q @, Q
QO_ ~HOxH "O> @ MmQ LO_e J#flk WH_ =Y LÔ. @ MmQ L#flC_ `y`< H} Ô
f~Ò^#fl =@. =#O Q~OKH=Ok Uq@O>, h~ Z_ `QO> @ MmQ L#fl_ =`"#x, @
P~O L#flC_ H^x.
@ P~O L#fl_ h~ `y` Ô ZO^ f~^ Pz^=. @ P~O LO_Q g H} Ô
"O^#O^=. "^_ #O_ <\H h~ `Q=x P[ = g~ `Q`~. D h~ @xH "Òk. @ P~O
LOk H|\ D h~ P~O` H=_O J<k [O. P~O` He# h~ P~O JiQ =~ @ Q< LO_ f~e.
P~O LO_Q h~ =`" @, Q #O_ ~HOxH ^. P~O J~Q_xH > =O J<k P~O
LO_ Q}xfl |\ P^~_ LO@Ok. =~Q 2 #O_ 4 QO@ @=K. =#O `y# H} ^xfl `~ h~ =~
~O_ #O_ <Q QO@ "Q ~HO xH Ki, JH_ #O_ "Q H}H K~Òk. JO> Ô Jx h~ `y# 3, 4
QO@ `~"` H}xH h~ K~Òk. J\ =~ H} Ô f~^. =# PHe J~# `~"` 3, 4 QO@ =~
P~O ^~HH ` ZO` J_ `" JO`HO> Z= W|Ok H} _`#fl=@. PH<fl `@H=K" Qx
^xfl `@H= Q^! =i =#O u<@C_ h~ `y` H} Ô "O@< f~_O ^x èOk H^!
=# H} "\ ^xfl f~H=_xH ZC_ _ @ MmQ L#flC_ =# <\H Ô J< OH`# "^_
^fi~ O`~. @ P~O L#flC_ OH`# O` P Ô f~k H^x "\H ` H|\ J_ Ô J<
Q}xfl <\H HeyOK=. Wk H$u ^~O. JQ s~ ^~O _. D ^~O H~O =# @ MmQ L#fl_ Ô
"#fl^! ^! " ZO` =OkH "#flk? J#fl q+O H"e. Z=iH<fl @ MmQ L#fl_ Ô " "~ H$uÔQ,
H$uH ^Q~Q rq#fl@ Y. Z=iH<fl @ P~O L#fl_ "O> "~ H$uH q~ÔQ, s~ ^~xH q~ÔQ
rq#fl@ è`#flk. D ~O_ ~H Q} ZO` =Ok U ~H"# ^xH KO^`~ Jx ije D =[O
=#+O^~ u<@C_ " H$u q~^=~# ^xH KO^`~. Ô J< Q}O H$u q~ÔQ =# HQ\xH
Q H~}q\ _ =#O `x "\x =iOK< `flO Ke. u<@C_ Ô "#flk H^, J^ ~#
Ô J< "O_ "^# ZOî< "^` LO@Ok. J " Ô ZO^ iH^ `H"O> g~ q=~OQ
J["# Ô ^x Q}O J< q+O Kkq` iQ Òk.
J["# Ô, ^x Q}= : H$u q~^=~#, J["# P~ ^~# u<@_ "_x =O
Ô "Ok. XH `C K WOHH `C `~"` K= =OÔ\~. XH J|Ô P_` WOHH J|Ô P_=
=OÔ\~. JQ q~^"# P~O uO> q~ÔQ h\x `QH `^#fl =@. u<@C_ h\x `Q_^#flk H$u
^~O. q~^"# P~O H~}OQ u<@C_, u#fl "O@< Ô "_O D P~O Q}O. J =#O h\x `QH `
D P~O T~H^. u<@C_ Ô "_xH Q H~}q\ Pz^=.
f< P~= LC, #<, <~ ZO` "`^ LO> JO` "`^ Ô "O^#fl =@. J "_xfl
QiOz Pz ^x "#H O H^. XH Q= LC r~O H"O> 100 Q= h\x H~Òk. JQ #<, <~
_ JO`HH ~< HkQ `= i=}O r~xH h\x H~`~. LC, #<#fl P~xfl @xH O# "O@<
"\ r~H ~OO H=_xH # K# i=}O h~ H~Òk. [#O K@C_, [#O JH Ô "_xH
Q H~}O J^. LC, #< "`^ WOH Z=Q LO> U==Ò^ Pz^=. LÎI qO^ [< Q ~zQ
LO\~ H|\ @ xO_Q uO\=. h~ > Mm O_ uO\=. JO^ L#fl Z= LC, #< r~xH h~ H"e.
h\ H~ OÔ "^_ "Òk. "^_#O_ h~ Z= `Q=x P[ =Ok. <~ `Q`#O@Ok. @ < Mm
Ô@Ok. Ô "O@Ok. `Q_xH Mm H W|Ok _` |=OÒQ `Q`=. ZO` h~ `y< Ô f~^.
K @ @^. h\x `QH, =#H `=` ==` LO\=. `y` XH ^, h\x `QH` "~ ^.
u<@C_ h\x `y` r~O iQ H^ H|\, u<@C_ `Q h\x H$u q~Ô Jx J#=K. JO^~ LC,
#<# uO@ L<fl~ H|\ JOîH Jk J["# ^". =#O J"@ =~O> ^x` ["# Ô
"Ok. ["# Ô J<k P~QxH #O.
H} @ LC Z"#C_: =# L#fl u H}xH H}O , H}O |@ J< ~O_ "~ "~ Q LO\~.
Qk , Qk |@ J#fl@Q LO\~. LC J<k H}O |@ QO x= LO@ LO@Ok. H$u^"# O_,
~, yO[ =`" u<fl ^ L_H \ LC# iQ O_ u#fl"i LC s~ J=~H LO@Ok. HkQ Qx,
Z= Qx LC H<"iH s~O LC Z" D H} |@ Z=Q x= LO@Ok. ^xH, H}O |@
x= LO_ LCH K ^Q~ O|OÔ LOk. H$u ^"# P~O u<"iH, LC# iQ =x"# "iH D Ô
"^. J^ LC# u<"iH ZO^ Z= Ô "O^ Ò^=. LC ZH_ x= LO> JH_ h~
PHiOK|_Òk (Q|_Òk). @H =H g^ LC " JO^x h~ |@ PHiOK|_@O =#OîH
`. =#O P~O` u#fl Z= LC 4, 5 QO@ Q #O_ H} |@ "Òk. |@ x= L#fl Z=
LC H}O L#fl h\x @H =H =ki H}O |@ QO@Ok. H}O h~ L#fl@O_ `yÒk.
WQ s~O L#fl Jxfl H@ H} [~QÒk. H}O h~ `QiH JH_ [~Q=# ~xH =~ P@OHO
~OO J=Òk. D P@OH# `yOK_xH, H}O LO_=#O` h\x iOK_xH "O@< "^_ H}
P[# O`~. "^_#O_ =# h~ H"< OHÒ Ô ~O Òk. D ~H"# Ô =# J~#C_
<~ "O@< ZO_ Òk. h~ `Q =~ Ug `K^. "i Ô "Ok.
P~O LC# u#_O =# P P~O @ L#flC_ P LC r~xH XHi ^==fi_" HH, P LC H}
|@ Hxfl QO@ ~#flC_ _ =~H i J=Òk. XHi LC#fl P~O u<fl=O> ^xH ~O_~ Ô
=Ok. =#O LÔ z# ^Q~#O_ Uk u<fl LC LO@#flk. ~AH 5, 6 ~Q U^H\ uO@ LO\=. D H#
~AH 10, 12 ~Q Ô " JO` Z= h\x s~O =# K` `yOKe. P~Q=O`=~# s~O J~` J<
Jxfl~ ^xfl H~e. <\H h~ H"< HiH# è* J=HO W=fiO_ ZC_ U^H\ H$ u q~^" # q #=`
LO_ iH Ô J<k =# ~# q^=Q ~#xfl ~ "_O ^. `C_ P~ J"@ `C OH` ~=_O
[O H^. Z=~ JOî J^ [~QK#flk. =# \ Pz LC u< "iH Z= ~ Ô "_O +OQ
Òk. ZC_ U^H x _q_Q LO_"iH <\ [iQ =~, OH` Z `~. ZO` =~ `~.
LC# uO> h~ Z= ZO^ H" =#O W\ =~ `<fl=.
W\ =~ =#O D JÔ `#fl =Oz q+xfl z=iQ XHi <=~ "O^=. ~A =#O
`Q=# h\x ZC_ `Q<fl =# @ MmQ LO_<k "O_ Q~Q @H"e. @ MmQ L#flC_ `y# h\
=#< =# s~ J=~ =i Ô f~`~ Jx =~=HO_. u<@C_ U rg h~ `Q^. u#fl P~O JiQH ^
@ MmQ L#fl_ qQ` r= h~ `Q`~. qQ` r= P~Q ~ W^H@x =#O `H"e. WH #O_
=#O `Q=# h\x J< `Q` H$uÔQ, s~|ÔQ, P~QOQ rq`# yOK `flO ~Oa^=x
Pt, WH#O_ =# k#K~ D `xH K@ HeyOz JO^~O Y O`` |`Ô Jx =#q KO@<fl#.
u<@C_ h~ `y` U=Òk

=#OîH L#fl J["# J"@ U=O> u<@C_ h~ `Q_O. u<@C_ h~ `Q_O J<k H$u q~^"#k.
JO^K`< J[O J#= =zOk. [#O ^Q~ ~O@<fl= JO> h Q, KO O_ Z=~ ~~. u<@C_
h\x ~H~HQ `Q"~O\~.
"^\ ~HO : XH\ ~O_ Q h~ `y "O@< [#O K~. W K#O^= P~O `=Q @ _`
|~= `Q`~< LÔ` uO_ `yOz u< `flO J#fl=@.
~O_= ~HO : =^ =^H h\x `Q`, P~xfl qOQ` LO\~. P~O QO` kQH ^ ZH ~O_
LO_\xH g~ W K~.
=_= ~HO : [#O =O^ Qx, [#O K@C_ Qx `Q_O =x, K~ H_< =O^, H_#fl `~fi`
XH\ ~O_ Q `Q`~. gi LÔ P~O ~O_ =O` uO>, XH =O` h~ `y` Q J~QÒ^x `Q`~.
<= ~HO : u<@C_, u#fl "O@< h~ `y` J~Q^ W|Ok HQÒk H|\ u#fl J~QO@ #O_
QO@ `y` =Oz^x gi LÔ.
W Wxfl ~HQ h `Q@O J<k HO P#"~fQ #_ L#flk. =#OîH Uk =Oz^, Uk W|OkH~"
èH Z |_` J `y" LO\" ` u<@_ h\x `Q@O = r~H, s~xH U"< W|O^ L<fl,
= J#fl PK# Z=i# HQ_O ^. JO` ^~O PzOK fiH Qh, ^Qh D<\ =x+H ZH_#flk? z=~
Z<fl OII s~O QiOz, P~QO QiOz Kkq# "^, ~Q P~Q xK "^ Ò <Q ~H
U^ XH ~HOQ h~ `Q`<fl~x K=K. JO^~ H K^=_", ijeOK_" K<fl~ Qx, H$ux, H$u^"#
s~ ^~# ijeOK_O ^. "^ èx =# [, "Ô è# "^ _ r~H O|O^ "^`
^ _ @
" ^ =O^ "_H=_" K < fl~ . WO\ z#fl z#flq =#H ~O_ LO_<fl, =z#q iQ "<fl,
q+` =# =# Q W|O^ __^<fl =#O^~O J q+xfl `< `flO Ke. u<@C_
h\x `Q@O =# <\ HeQ #+O "~Q LO@Ok. @ HeQ #+O =~H q^=Q LO@Ok. JQ Q HeQ
#+= WOHH q^=Q LO@Ok. u<@C_ h\x `Q_O J<k "Ò =_ ^ [iQ r~H #xfl HeyOk J<
"=O g JO^~ J~= su èK `flO ~Oa#. =O^Q <\ [iQ ^xx QiOz Pz^=.
1. <\ r~H h\H O|OÔ : =# <\ us fH< P~O 2530 Ò r~=H @xH
"e. fH< P~xfl "`Q O_ O_ K "^\ ^ r~H# i K# `~"` @xH "_xH qOQe.
=# <\ Ô` Wz#k P~xfl Q #qe qOQ=x. D ~A P~xfl Q #qe u< Mm _
Z=iH<fl LO@#fl^? Q "< "x ^Q~ #O_ OKQ> =# =~ JO^~ _=_. OÒQ
[#O K fiH HO^=O> ^~H_O ^. U PK< ~O_ =# \ `$Q [#O K @O|O D ~A
H#|_^. Z=~< [<xfl 510 xII =yOz z`~. P~xfl W fH=_O =# =# [iQ ##
Pz^=.
Z)
P~xfl Ò^~Q u<##flC _ #=O_< qOQe. #=O_ qOy` Qx =O H ~^. #=O_
qOy` QO` kQ^ . Jk J#fl "H (<\x, @# He Q@O) `fi~Q [~Q^ . W [~Q# C_ QO` \# @O@Ok.
nxx Q@H=_xH =# Q~HKk h Q. "O@< 1,2 QH `Q`=. ", K, Ô O\q
W HOQ~Q uO> QO` > u ^\ ZH ~=_O "^ _`~. ZH = `QO> U_ Q@H h
`Qx JO\~. J ZO` HO` h~ `Q`=. [#O K@C_ =#H_ \ Pz, ^ \.g K,
^ ~ K^ =`, ^ ~ ` H|~ KC O@ uO@ LO\~. g\ H~}OQ XHHi ~=~Òk.
JC_ =#O ^~##fl =# |O^=, =# WO\ "~=~ `KO@<fl~# Hx `$ _`= Qx =\_`,
Pz u#flO^ ~=iOk Jx `H=. W [iy#_ 2, 3 QH h~ `Q`=. W=hfl ZO^
K= =#flÔ> u ~E K `C H|\ =# _ WO\ `C J"@ J=`<fl~. [#O K
@C_ h~ `Q J=~O ZO^ =#flk J#fl q+ ` <fl=.
a)
P~O u<@C_ Ô`` Q #qe` [O Q T~Òk. [O Q Ti` <\x =^ O_
J=Òk. =^ O_Q J~#C_ QO` @O_, ZH ~O_ @xH èQ [~QÒk. W K h~
K# x [" K#flk. h~ "~, [O "~. [O 98% h~ LO_ qQ` 2% r~k ~ LO\~.
[O P~xfl Q JiyOK_xH HiO k. h~ [#O K@C_ `Q_O =# [O ` =Q T~Òk.
Wk ~O_= #+O.
`= [O, Z= h\` P~O He @xH "o` @ r~H W|Ok HQÒk. XH `C
2.
(Z)
(a)
()
(_)
=O^ K =~H `C `~"` K= =OÔ\~ H^. JQ <\ `C K= H|\ @ _ `C

[~QÒk. h `QO_ [#O Z u#QQ`=x =#OîH =O^#O_ OÔ LOk. # K# q^=Q
P~xfl Q <\ #=` [O He@ K, =\_O_ =# \ [#O K <\x P~O èQ
@xH "Òk. JH_ #O_ @ r~H èQ, iQ [~QÒk.
@ r~H h\H O|OÔ : P~O <\ [O` He #=Q HO`=~ r~"# ^~O,
~O_= ^ r~H [~Q_xH @xH K~O@Ok. <\ [O Ti#@Q, @ T~ r~~xfl QH
E JO\~. nx _HiH U_ J< H=O`"# P=O LO@Ok. @x r~H =YOQ LQ_k D
P=". nx` @Q Hxfl ~H ZO*= _ LO\~. P~ ^~ <\ HO`=~ r~", @# Ki#
`~"` @x r~~O =# K=~ ~O ~O r~O K|_Òk. r~ ~Ox _HiH _ K
H=O`=~#k. Wk =#O u#fl P~Ox Hxfl xH~"# Hi# KO "Ok. D U_ zHQ L#fl_
P~O ~O_ QO@ iQ J~QÒk. JO`H =O`"# P_ =# @ Ti#\H, =#O u<@C_ `y#
h~ D r~ ~# KQ K, ^x Hx `yOz "Ok. u<@C_ `y# h~ @ r~~` H=_O =#
ZO\ # q=~OQ Ò^=.
P_ KQ J=fi_O : H=O`=~# P_ h~` He iH KQ J=`~. KQ J=fi_O =# Hx
H`~. zHQ L#fl P_ P~xfl r~OK# qÔQ, KQ L#flq JO` `fi~Q K=. W h~ He
KQ J~# P_# =m zHQ KH=_xH =# @ =iO` ^ ~\O P_# TiOz P~xfl `fi~Q r~O
K `flO KOk. D H~O P_ J=~xH qOz @ T~_O =# H_ =O@, `, J~ "IIq
=~. =#O Uk u<fl h `Q` uO\O H|\, =# @ Z_ P_# TiOK_O J"@~ Òk.
@ P~O #_ P_ T~_O iQ Py Q}O @ L#fl\H u<@C_ h~ `Q_O =# @
MmQ L#flC_ _ P_ T~ Q}O @ J"@=Òk. D H~}OQ< # K# W|O^ JOî
~=_xH J=HO L#flk.
P~O iQ J~QH =_O : P~O uO@ h~ `Q_O =#, P~O h~ He @H "`~. @
e Q_ #Oz T~ r~~ <~Q P~xfl K~O_ D h~ J__Òk. L^~} QO_~Qx,
~|~ Qx C# ~a#C_ ^xH Hk HkQ h\x H` "`Q, =^Q JQ *Q` _`=. J^
C` Z= h\x He ~\ ~|^=x ufl Jk z#fl z#fl =HQ, h~Q q_Ò^Qx O_Q
=~^. W^ qÔQ @ _ =#O f#fl P~O T~`#fl r~~` <~Q, <=kQ H z#fl z#fl
H}Q qlO|_`, r~" Kx ^~OQ `~=Òk. Hx h\` P~O He L#flC_ # LîOz#
qÔQ h~ He# C, O_Q =~#@Q<, D P~O _ iQ r~O H^. D P~O r~=^H, P~
^~O @ x= LO_@O =# r~H P==Òk. P~O` @ h\ |~= _ Z= J=_O =#
@ [ P~xfl r~O K_xH [OQ LO_ HêH =O^y~. r~H PO H=_xH Wk _ XH
H~}O. H~} =# ==Q XH QO@ J~Q=# P~ ^~ ~O_ QO@, ~O_ QO@ J~Qe#q
<Q QO@ @ LO\~. JO> r~ H == HO> ~ \O =O fO@#fl^# fl=@. J~# \H
iQ J~Q=. W J~Qx P~ ^~ z#fl Q# K~O\~.
@y =_O : u<@C_ h\x `Q_O =# P h~ @ ##fl P~O` HOk. =#O [#O` XH\
^ ~O_ Q h~ `QÒ. ~O_ Q h~ @ #O_ ~HOxH "_xH 15 xII _Òk. D ~O_
Q h~ P~O`@ `Q_O K`, P~O` He ~# D h~ P~O ZO` J~` @, Q Jiy
O_, ~OQ J =~ LO@O^ Jxfl QO@ @ Q< LO\~. JO> =~ 2 QOII #O_ 4 QOII @=K.
Wxfl QO@ D h |~=#, P~O |~=# " " @ =O^ yÒk. h~ `Q_O =# P~O
J~Q_xH Z= =O @, Q fO\~. Wxfl QO@ P~O, h~ He L#flO^# P~O e,
e`# _ =O\~. e`# W^ H~}O. =x+ #flQ L<fl, ZO` HO` =O^ @ _K
=Ok. Q s~H = K b _ ("~ #flQ L#fl\H) ''z#fl [ LO_\xH u<@C_ h~ `Q_"
H~}O.
H_|~O,HO : P~O, h~ He Jxfl QO@ @ LO_ iH @, Q P~O e, Q
Z=Q Lù J=`~. @ xO_Q P~O u<< HiH JOîH LO@Ok. u<@C_ K `C H~}OQ 1,2
Q h~ _ P~O` xO_Q L#fl @xH "o _`~. nx` @ xO_Q i# a |Q
`~=Òk. D xO_# @ |~= "o # L#fl ~O_ Tiu` z=i Qg^ _Òk. Ô` ~O_
Tiu` 2530 Ò =Hx `~. `^fi~ Qe "_O `y PO = LO@Ok. fi# fH=_xH
=Y J=="# _" g^ Xu_ _, ^x HêH `Q`~. J^ qÔQ fiH HiOK @ HO_~
_ @xO_Q LO_@O =# OHK "HK iQ KO^=. D PO ~O_ =_ QO@ =~ LO@Ok.

lOz#O^= =z# PO H|> nxx HO JO\~. @ U =Ò Mm ^. W xO_Q L#fl
@ P~O, h~ He L#flO^= Q `~=`~. P `~~# Q H =_xH Mm H HO^
=_xH O^ ^~HH, @# =O^ ZQ^<fl@ KOk. nx` @ L|~OQ, W|OkQ LO_, =#
^~ O_ KOk. XHHi D L|~O = Ku < _ = LO@Ok. HO` =Ok QO_<
=zO^" J< J#=<xfl HeyOKO` xfl _ D H_|~O He LO@Ok.
(W) x^=` ~=_O : [#O K# `~"` P~xfl JiyOK_xH =#O < }H Z= QO @
=Ok. @ }H Z= QO@ "o` Jxfl QO@ =x+H |^HOQ, =`Q LO@Ok. u<@_ h~ `Q_O
= P~O == HO> ~\O =O @ LO@Ok. @ P~O L#flO` }H W@ "_O`
=# Z= }H KH x^=` ~=_O, _Q, h~OQ LO_@O "^Q#q =~. JO^K`<
[#O KH XH # f K ~Q LO@Ok Jx HO^~ #f~. =iHO^~ _x # f_O
^~H ~< x Hx~. , P L^Q D `~ # f~. J^ h~ `QO_ [#O
K @ |~=Q LO_^. `= \ J~QÒk. H|\ =# K~Q, =` O_ LO@Ok.
3. Q r~Hh\H O|OÔ : @ HHOQ r~O H|_# P~ ^~, =_= ^ r~H
z#fl = K~`~. JH_ iQ r~O K|_# P~ ^~ ~O ~O QxH H|_`~. Wk
==Q z#fl Q [iQ H. P~O` h\x fH=_O =, @ iQ J~QO_ L#fl P~ ^~"
z#fl Q# K~Òk. =#O f#fl P~Ox \#, H=fi ^~ HO` =~ @ J~Q`~. qye#q
iQ r~O H=_xH z#fl Q "^\ QO @` HeK@ Hxfl r~~ Lù J=`~. @x P~O
iQ r~O HO_ z#fl Q# Ki# H~}OQ, ^xx JiyOK_xH D QO LO_ r~ QO^ ==
HO> Z= ~ r~ ~# Lù Ke LO@Ok. z#fl Qx P~O J~Q\xH ^xH `H"#
HêH =Y H~}O. nx =# P~O Q zHiOK|_, ^=~OQ =i =O^ [~Q` LO@Ok.
P~O` @ h~ Z= L#flC_ Q H HêH Q [~Q=. D qÔQ z#fl Q _ @
=kiQ r~H P==Òk. iQ J~Qx P~ ^~# Q eH O\~. P~O h\`
He Q Z= LO_@O =#, P~O e Hxfl ~H Q Lù J=`~. Q [OQ _
HO` Q LO@Ok. Q Hke#_ D Q |@ =K `flO @ L|@O, @ Q_Q_ O\
W|O^# =#O Z^~O\=. P~O f#fl ~O_ QO@H, r~O H|_# P~O ~HO H=_xH ÔQ
LO@Ok. D =O Q#H =#O h~ `y` ZO` LQH~O. WC_ `Q@O =# r~"# ~O` He h~,
~# èHQ ~HO xH < KOk. HQ qye# h~ =xfl ^ QxH <@_xH HiOk.
P~O iQ r~O H#_, r~O Hx P ^~ #O_ =K ~<fl =# s~O fiHiOk. =# u~E Hxfl
H@ H` H} _`, `q #t LO\~. H` H} `~=_O J<k =#O u#fl P~O #O_ =K Hx
|\, ~xfl |\ LO@Ok. =\ =Oz^~` O_ Q\Q LO@Ok. Kq\ =\` K# O_Q iQ r~O Hx
P~ ^~ #O_ =K H} H #OQ, P+ `= Hey LO\~.
=#O f#fl P~ ^~ iQ r~O H#C_ "\ H i ~xfl Q fiHiOK =. =#O u#fl ^x
L#fl ~O, QxH QO q~K#O ^fi~ |@H ` LO@Ok. JO^H u#flk =O@ |@_O ^x ^< =@ "=O W^
H. =#O u#fl P~O =O^ O_ J~, `~"` ~O J=Òk. D ~O ~HOHo He JH_ #O_ H}
Ki` H =Ok. J =#O u#flk iQ O_ J=fiH ~<, iQ ~O J=fiH ~< (=O@ |@H~<) ^x< h~O
JO\~. JO> u#flk iQ ~O HH` h~= JO\~. (~O Hxkh~=). ~O Hxk H} iQ K~^ H|>
h~=. iQ H} +H ^~, r~"# ^~ JOk` Qx "\ P~Q=, P+ iQ LO_^. u#flk iQ
~OQ =~O_ h~ J__` LO@Ok.
W\ =~ =#O u<@C_ h~ `y` <\, @, Q [iQ r~H ZO\ W|Ok HeO^ q=~OQ
`<fl=. WH #O_ =# JO\ W|O^ ~O_ r~Hxfl P~QOQ LOKH"O> u<@C_ h~ `Q
J=~O ~O_ u< J"@#, PK## =~O> iÒk. [<xfl =QO@ #O_ J~QO@ Q #=`,
=\_O_, =# QflO K, [xfl Q Ti =^, O_ JH qOy` Z=iH ZH ~=_O Qx,
~=~_O Qh, QO` @_O Qh [~QO_ P~O 2530 Ò <\< r~O J~` LO@Ok. <\ WO` Ò
i J~` qQ` r~H K_xH @, Q ~O `QÒk. J O <xfl `Qe, ^"xfl #=e Jx
K|`~. JO> # ^~O `QO` =~ [O He@@ #==x, ^=^~O qOQ_xH J#OQ L#fl\H
[O HeH` iH^ H|\, #qe` [O HO^x =# ^ =@. =^# = ~O_ ~ #==x
=# sfi J< "~ _. u~E P~xfl #=_xH 24 QO@, 1,2 QO@ H\~Oz Q #qe uO> r~ H
O|Ok "^ Hh, h~ `Q J=~O Hh ~=x è*, JQ WH#O_ u<@C_ h~ `QH ` =K ~x
J#q ~x H~O@<fl#.
U h~ `Qe
=x+ U h\x `Q#flk Ò JOîH fl~HOQ< LO@#flk. D =^HO JO^~ U h\x |_` P h\x
`Q_xH K _ `<fl~. U h~ JO> =#O^~ =K OÔ =YOQ #k h~, ~ h~, q h~, =x
"@~, Hz Ki# h~, Q~ "Kx h~, ~ h~, * h~, q#~ "@~ J< fl "^` LO\~. =x+ q+x
HK iH Wxfl O^ =<fl~. J^ r=~~` U h~ îH` P h~ `Q` LO\~. "\ s~ P h\H
J"@ _`~. ~fiO ~A =#+ _ U h~ _` P h~ `Q"~. "i s~O _ J< ~ ~Ok.
q*#O iy# Hn Wxfl O^ =z U h~ `Q<fl =x+H z=iH O @O@#flk. Wxfl *Q` D<\
=#=_ fO@#fl\H ~O, q~K<, "O`, ~H~H [fi~, W<H< `_O ^. g\#O_ =#efl ~HOK
H H ^. L#fl H `=Q LO_@" ^ iQ xKH =_", h\ ^ s~O Ki W|O^# HeyOK_xH
H~}O. =# ZO` ~H}
H L#flk Pz^=.
=#O `y# h~ ~HOH " =_ ^ O K|_ Òk. h\x `y# `~"` Jq @xH "o#
"O@< ^= ^ Jq "_K|_`~. "_ K|_@O ^fi~ JO^ L#fl Hxfl Hxfl ^ OiOK|_`~. ~O_=
^ =# @, Q LO_ LQ_ Hi h\ g^ xK, h\ LO_ JH~O K Hi#, xH ~x
H=# KO" O k. =_= ^ J#=~" # #H, \H< O\ "\x =_H\
kK # `~ "` ~HO xH OÒk.
D =_ H iQ [~Q\xH 15, 20 xII iÒk. =#O `y# h~ D H ~~# "O@< ~HO xH
"o HOk. =# @, Q ~Q x~^H H Q L#fl"iH h\ ^<fl =# Ug HO_ s~O KO@Ok.
D =_ ^ k K# h~ ~HOxH "o `~"` WOH U"< H= Qx, ^ Qx LO> e=~ #Q
kK|_ JH_ #O_ H} K~|_Òk. Wk =#O Zxfl~ h~ `y< fs [iQ H. =#O `Q h\x
< \ ~HOxH ZH "O@< iH< =z 15, 20 xII }u HQÒk. =# @, Q, e=~
"IIq h\ ^# ZO`Q k K x~O`~O =#efl ~H<fl<k WH_ ` #flk. =x+ ZO`\H OQ H#|_
h\ xfl PzOz, ^ fO@ <fl_ `, =# =#efl ~HOK Hx OKH=_xH `fl K_O ^. P H
=# ~QO> =#O H$u ÔQ rqOK=#. Jk XH> =~O. WOH =#O h\ QiOz `H=# q+
=YOQ * h~ ZO^ `Q~^, Hz# h~ Z=~ `Qe, Q~ "Kx h~ Z=~ `Qe, U h~ +O, U ` h~
+O "^Q q+ `< `flO KÔ.
1) U h~ +O : =# s~xH H=# }H JxflO\ HO> Z= Qe =O@Ok. Qe `~fi` }H Z=Q
=#flk h\<. =#O `Q h\ }H Z=Q =O> =# P h\=# Z= H, P~Q=, ~Qx~^HH "^#q
=~. D h\H ~H~} "_ u~E `Q` =O> WOH O Z=Q =O@Ok. Hz# h\ H= Z
Kx` JQ ~xH h\ =O_ ^# iOz P h\H Hx kOk. nxx ^$+ =OKH< =f `HO
=# XH Ô K|_Ok. ^x JK"_, "^_, Z_ Z_`QH ~ h~, kfiA_ (}_) =#flK@ x"O
=O_=x K~. P HO =# ^ JxflO\HO> +"#k #k h~x x~~OK~. ZO^HO> #k h~ ZC_
= =O@Ok H|\ x~O`~O ~H~} `Q` ^+~ÒQ K~ H|\, `Q_xH _ ~zQ =O\~
H|\. P ~A "`=~} H+O K `=, [< `=, WC_#fl@ ~H~H i= Jg =. JO^K` =~
h~ HO_ g^ #O_ *i #^Q =Oz =#+ `Q_x J#=Q, JO^@Q =O_k. P h~ `y "~
P~QOQ |uH"~. Hx ` i` JxflO\HO> Z= ^ He# h~ #^x h~ #x K=K. @}
iy, i= iy "\ ^fi~ q_^# =~^~hfl #^< H<fl~. ~Q# HeOK ~H~H H= Ò
#^ Z= Ò =O@<fl~. W=hfl ^$+ @Hx =#^ K~H^Jx #k h~ `Q_O =OzkH^.
WH ~O_=k K= h~. =# @ Z=Q =Ozh\H P^~O K= h~. K= h~ =OK^ H|\
~~t `ye#\H }H `=Q =O@Ok. K= h~ H=O `Q_xH =`" Ly =Oz^ Hx |@
L`H_O, = h~ `yOK_O, fl< K_O O\q K~ H|\ P h~ `Q_O P~QxH JO` =Ozk H^.
W^g KO_ iOQ =OKQe` `Q_xH JO`~O =O_^.
=_=k q h~. D h\ Yx[=} Z=Q =O__O =# ~z QO_^. P~Q~OQ JO` =OzkH^.
`Q `=fix #`xH K@ H =O_ =iH QO@x h~, \<x h~ Jn H=_xH J=HO =O@Ok.
nx= K J<~Q =~.
<=k KuO ^fi~ H@H< h~. D h\ K =~ H+O `=Q =O@O^x K=K. "\~ " <
#O_ `_H< h\ _ ^ `=Q =O\~. Hx P h\x =m \O x= K `Q_O =Ozk H^.
Ò h\ H+O Z=Q =O@Ok H|\, @}, @~ _ `fiO h\O q+O Z= ^
fHx `Qh~ JOîH H+ ~ÒQ JOkOK#fl OHO` Hi<+< "^Q H ^fi~ h\x g#O` =~
O K JOkOk. J~#\H h\= =K J<~Q =# =< =<fl~. JO> =YOQ =# ~Qx~^HH `y
=_" H~}O.
2) Hz =_H\# h~ : K =Ok L^Q, "~, Q _|#fl "~ Hz =_H\# h~ =`" `Q`~.
HH+O K< "i#fl ~Q x~^HH giO_^. h\ L#fl H=, Hi = ~H~H W<H< =x =O^
*Q`Q `Q` LO\~. J~< "iH =Kq "iH =< LO\~. "_ LO_ y<fl LOz# "_ J<flxfl, ~#
K`` u#O_, Qi>`< u<fl, HOKO, y<fl K OQ LOK<fl, O_, ~# Q H_x u<fl, Hz# h~
Q `y<, WOH ^= ô `QO_ Zxfl *Q` f<fl s~O ~ H` (~Q x~^H H) =K
[|W<H<, [fi~, ~O, Ug PQ=. Hz =_H\# h~, Hx`Q q#~ "@~ ~E WO\ `Q J"@
L#fl"~ P h\< `Q@O `C^. HH` g~ ZH_ "o<, P h~# _ @x "o `x iQ J" `Qe.
XHH i Hz# h~ #_ ==Q JO^~ `Qh~ `y` "O@< ~O, QO`<, [|, [fi~, q~K<
"IIq =K~. Hz# h~ `y# "iH "i s~O ^xH J"@ _, ^~#_ "~ h~ `y` P h\ L#fl ^#
Z^~< H "i s~O ÔQ H "O@< `_ =K~. Hz =_Q\# h\H g~ J"@ _` Z\H J" `Q#flk
=~=_^ .
ZH_ U h~ JOk` P h~ `Q"iH P h\ L#fl ^ s~OxH "o# "O@<, P K_ # s~O #O_ <\"
_xH
^ KO "_xH =# _< "Hx[O (K_# ZkiOK H) Ô J=Òk. P K_` \_\xH =# O\ _
H`Q `~=`~. =#O `Q h\ U H=O\ "\x KO_xH PH Z_ ÔQ LO@Ok. L^~} D
~A =# WO\ ÔQ _~#HO_. U" == @Hx `~. ~\ #O_ =#O =m ÔQ _O_, =#,
_| JOÔ_ Z<fl *Q` K~ fO\=. =# s~O _ h LO_ ÔQ O\ H=# KO_xH ~E
q@s "i Q H Q =#efl ~H LO@Ok. U h~ |_` P h~ `Q"iH Jxfl ~H h L#fl H=
ZO\", "\x Z KO =# s~xH Q J"@=Òk. J_ U h~ `y< Ug K^. JO^K` Ò Z=~
U h~ `Q` LO\~, J^ ~HOQ h\x `Q_O H#yOK_O =Ozk. "= K H$u r=# q^<xfl iQ PKi,
JO\ "~ ~fiO Hz =_H\# h~ `Q "~#\H, W_ P h\x iQ =x U h~ |_` P h~ `Q=K. D r=#
q^#O ~Qx~^H == Q xKOk. U h~ `y< XH>.
3) U ` h~ +O : h\x =#O x= LOK_xH U^XH ` LOK`=. P ` L#flO` P h\H
` H =O LO@Ok H|\ =Oz `` h\ H~H =# =Oz^< LÔ` =# ^ ` _ Z=
=YO WK~.
(Z) =\ ` : Wk =# ^Q~#O_ JOîH JO^@ LO_k. =\` h~ LOK_O J<k JxflO\ HO>
L`="#k. =\, h~ ZC_ He LO\~. H|\ h\H =\ `` O|OÔ U #xfl HeyOK^. ZO` ZO_
Z=Q LO> =# K~O JO` KQ LO_@@ =~Òk. Wk }=#fl s~xH [ Q}O. JQ }O x
=\ O_ ZO` ZO_ Z= LO> JO` K^<xfl `# L#fl h\H JOkOk. W^ O_ e\. U ` D
Q}O ^. =\ ` h~ "q HO "_=K Hh =~HO, KeH J~` =s KQ LO\~. JO`
K^#O =Ozk H^ H|\ P ~A "_@O =#=K.
(a) ~y` : =\ `~fi` =Ozk ~y. ~y ` ~uH h~ ^xx L^<fl `y` =Oz^x =# ^ PKiOz
K~. ~y` 10, 12 QO@ h~# LOz#C_ P ~y O x +Q}O P h\H =Ok. =# s~O
_ ~y Ò HO` LO@Ok. ~y ` LOz# h~ U ~A H~A "_e. 2, 3 ~A JO^ x= LOz# h~
`y` =s ~y H~H Z", "~ "# = h\ `@H_Òk. ~y ` Ys^ Z= H|\ JOîH JO^@
H^. _| W|Ok H` KeHO, =~HO ~y` "_H=_O =Ozk.
() QA ` : h\x QA ` LOz` #+"g LO_^. JQ `HOz "g ~^. =\ ` h~ =\
"#, ~y ` h~ ~y "#, JqxO y<fl h~ JqxO "# =~. h~ U ` LOz` P
` `~ K# O "# =Ok. QA L#fl Q Q}O Uq@O> h~ QA "# ~^. HH` QA `
h~# ~E H"<fl, x= LOK<fl Ô H^. JO^K`< Z=~ "_~. QA h~ LOKx
=Ò HO` =Ok "_`~. PK , hO ~OQ QA h~ , ZO_ Hxfl ~A \ "_` ~H~}

L#fl HH P h\H =O^<k H$u q^#O XH QOQ PKi~. ~fiO Wk Z=Q "_"~. WC_
`y~Ok.
(_) ` : =#O^~O ~E WO\ "_q, JO^@ LO_q. U ` #_ W^ . Ke, =~H h\x
WO^ LOKx "_H=_O =Ozk.
(W) JqxO ` : JqxO ` h\x LOKx `Q~^. h\xH JqxO =z,
`y#_ Jk =#H "o Q, s~O ~H~H ~Q H~}O J=Òk. `Q h\x WO^ LOK_^.
(Z) H ` : H , H H< h\x LOK_O K` h\H H "# =Ok. H `s "_
~H~H HqH =O h\g^ _Òk. \ \ J<q D =^ HO =z#q. _OH D H=

KOk#". h\x WO^ x= LOK_OK` U #+= ^x K|`<fl~. JO^K`< _OH WO^
J=`<fl~. } WO^ h~ x, fx "_O èH.
4) Q~ "Kx h~ Z=~ `Qe? : Q~ "Kx h~ JO> HzKi# h~ H^x Q~OKH"e. aO^ h\x
~g^ Q~"KQ (#e"KQ) J\HC_ "_ Kx `Q_O. aO^ h~, =\O_ h~, ~y `x
h\x ^qkQ `y` HOîH Hxfl W|O^ "O@< `Q=. W|Ok Jx LO@Ok. JO\ "~ P h\x Q~
"KQ K `y` eÒ `fi~Q =Ok. ~A "Ò `Q 5, 6 b@~ h\x _ W `Q_O #+O Ug ^.
W|O^#fl "~ ~[O` W" `y` =Oz^. Z=~ Q~ "Kx h~ `Q<k KÔ.
i)
~OO_"~ : Z_ = ~OO_"~, = ~O \# "~, Z=Q `= =K"~, =
aQ~#"~ ~E `Q 5, 6 b@~ h\x Q~"KQ "_KHx `y` `fi~Q P W|O^ `Q`~. h\
L#fl Hk "_H P ~O K|_ L=#O HQÒk. ~[O` `Q_O ^~x "~ LÔ `Q 2.53 b@~
h~<fl Q~ "KQ `y` =Ozk.
ii)
^Q L#fl "~ : ^Q =#fln JO> HO Tiu` Q ~#flk Jx J~O. D h~ `y` P Hk "_H
+O, HO `fi~Q `y_Òk. HOîH ^y ^y QO` < LO@Ok. D < _ "_h\ =# L=#O
KO^Òk.
iii)
P, Zs L#fl"~ : `x iQ ~[O` Q~"Kx h~ `y` Qe Q , |@ Òk.
e`, QO` Q~Q~ HO` =~ `Q`~. PO _ LqOk.
iv)
Z_\, J~ L#fl"~ : giH H_ =O@, Z= _ Ti = LO\~. Q~ "K\ h~ P_
q~Q_Q x KOk. Z_\x Q~ "K\ h\` iQ Q@H=K. _ `Q iH J~ =_`~.
# K# W|O^#fl"~ Q~ "K\ h\x ki` 5, 6 b@~ `x iQ `Qe. H` LÔ 2.53
b@~<fl `x iQ `Qe. P W|O^ iQ `QH == `x h~ `Q=K. =m ZC_ W|Ok
JxOz< "O@< Q~ "K\ h~ `Qx =~==^.
* h~ ZO^ `Q~^? : Ju "K^#O, Ju K^#O s~xH xH~O. Ju"_, JuK^#O = h\ O_
5)
H<, iH< (K~, uK~) J<q LO_=. Jq LO>< ~HO =O^, "#H _Q #_Ok. Ju "_, Ju K^#O
Q ^~O U^< =# @xH "o` @ g\ J~Q^ ~OO H"O>, P ^~O L#fl Ju J<k ~
== "`=~}O LO_ uH `y#_ r~H ~OO J=Òk. L^~} =#O SH" u<fl=O> ^xx
LQ` "# _w LO@Ok. JO` Kx ^~O "o 37 _w "_ L#fl (LQ`) =# @ _Òk. SH"
LQ` Q `= Q|\ ^xx 37 _w =~ "_K H~H=xfl @x r~== KOk. SH" 37 _w
"_H_xH =#@ 2530 xII H+_` Hh J=fi^. JO> SHO u#fl J~QO@ Qh Jk r~O J=fi_O ~OO
H^. D J~QO@ @ SH" J^#OQ LO_= =#flk. JQ =#O *h~ `Q`<fl=. D =^
HO * J<k JOî W `x i J~#k. "q HO =zOÔ> HO`=Ok ''_ *x h~ (Ju Kx
h~) _ `QÒ\~. P Kx h~ `Q@_ =O^Q <\ P h~ _Q< , zQ l=O\~. @,
Q Uk =Oz^ x~~OKk <~. <\H P J=HO WK_ ^=_. P K^#O <\H W|Ok J~#_ @
ZO` W|Ok HQÒ^ PzOKO_. * h~ 7, 8 _w LQ` LO@Ok. ^xx "_ KO> 20 x=<fl
_Òk. *x "_ K_xH, J_ uH# # "_ K_xH ZO` ^=O^ * h\H == q
h\H JO` Ô LO@Ok. P K^<xH @ XH~ OHzOKx Òk. P K^#O `Q =~ h\ LO_
^#, @ k K_O ~OaOK^. Ju Kx h~ `Q@_ QO` LO_ \x `fi~Q W<H< Qi
J=` LO\~. D K^#O = ~O, H Z= `~=` LO\~. Ju Kx h~ `Q "iH P,
Zs, `=, # W|O^, ^Q, ~O, H_ =O@ "IIq Z\H `Q=. H$u ^"# s~xH, H$uH
^Q~Q LO_ == h~ `y`, H$u ["# P~QO [OQ =Ok. * h~, * ^~ u#H u#H
Z_<fl uO> "O@< `_ KOk. *Q` =i.
W\ =~ =#O U h~ `Q#flk PzOK=.
=#O LO_ K@ U h~ JO^@ LO> P h~< s~xH J"@ K s~xH W|OÔ_=. U h~ J#flk
^#O H^. Zxfl `Q`<flO J#flk =YO. U HO =i#\H q h~ Q ["# "_ LO_@ KHx `y`
Jxfl q^ =Ozk. h\x ZO` k Kx `Q`<fl=#flk WH_ ^#O H^. s~O ~Q x~^HH ZO` L#fl^#flk
H"e. =#efl H_k J^ Qx =#O K< h\ O H^x Q~OKOÔ.
5,6 b@~ h~ Z `Qe

u~E =#= `Q=# 5, 6 b@~ h\x ~O_ QQ q_Q\ `Q^=. 1) ~Q_# `Qh~ 2) Q\ @
`Qh~. =O^Q ~Q_# `Qh\ QiOz q=~OQ `x J `Q^=.
1) ~ Q_ # `Qh~ (x^ z# "O@<) : x^ z# ^Q~ #O_ \< u< =~ `Q h~ JxKCH=K.
D =O =#O "Ò g^ `Q=# h~ =~ 21/23 b@~ =~ LO@Ok. D "Ò h\x ~O_ =_
^Q ~O_#O_ =_ QO@ ==k `Q=K. POQ x^ WO` ==k Wz h~ `Q =O ^~H^.
JO^K` g#flO`=~ `"~*=< =Ozk. HO`=Ok =_ <Q QO@H x^~. Z=~ ZxflO\H ,
z# ^Q~ #O_ D k#K~ # ~OaOK=K. HO`=OkH x^z # "O@< =Ò < (J~O @Q) W|Ok HQÒk.
JO\ "~ `~O "o=KH ~OaOK=K. =iHO` =OkH =OKO ky# "O@< q~K<xH J~O@Q "< HiH
LO@Ok. WO\ "~ | ` = =Ok LO\~. Jk =Oz J">. J~O @ J~# "~ q~K<xH "o =KH ~OaOK=K.
"^\^ h~ : x^ z# "O@< <\x h\` HeOz Lq# `~"` XH b@~ h\x Q@Q\ `Q `flO
Ke. b@~ XH~ `QH ` J~b@~ `y 3, 4 xII Q_z HO` èH JxOz# `~"` qQ` J~b@~ h~
`Q=K. b@~ h\HO> HO`=Ok Z= _ `QQey` b@~O= =~ Qx, b@~#fl~ Qh `Q=K. `QQey#
h\x UH "Ò `Q=K. ^ 2, 3 ^Q 7, 8 xII J<fl i K =Ozk.
h~ `Q_O i KH "~ # Ug KO_ =## Q QflO K WO\ 5, 10 xII J@ W@ u~Q`
Pz Q Hê H =~. h~ `y# `~ "` "~ PK# K H` Q =xfl @ #fl #~ "O@<
_`~. nxH `_ =#O @ b@~, b@~#fl~ h\ |~=# #O^=, P @ |~= =z =O Q _Òk.
@ |~= Q =O =O^ <@|_Òk. h~ `QH Q > PK# =i h\ |~= ~O_ He
=xfl Q Hke~. Q HkQ HêH =KH ^_H "o` J Y q~K#O HO>, ^_H J~O@Q "e J<
Ò =K =~ |> u~Q` (J@ W@ #_) LO_ `~"` "o` UH "Ò Yq~K#==Òk. =#
u~E q~K#O ZC_ \ `QH, \< u<flH ^ [#O JH = =Oz J"@H^. x^z# "O@< =O^ =
q~# J~`Qx WOHH x ~OaOK_^. = q~# JH `=H=_O, Q_O wH=_O O\q KH=K.
h~ `y# 20, 25 xII P h~ @#O_ ~HOxH "_O [~QÒk. 20, 25 xII `~"` g~ "=
" =K.
WH_ Q~OKH=Ok WOHH\ L#flk. h\x =#O "Q JC_ Q, JC_ Q KC# `Q=#HO_. P h~
_ ~HO xH "o q~# H, k H~H=O JO` KOk. W h\x JC_ HOKO, JC_ HOKO `y` XH "
=Ok. Jk XH =`k =`" KOk. J^ h\x XH~ 111/2 b@~ =~ `y` =K ~O_. "^\k h\
=u_ =, =k [~QÒk. ~O_=k P h~ ^fi~ =` k. XH \H\ ~O_ x= Q, XH ^| ~O_ @
Q h\x XH~ Z= `y` ~O_ #fl =@. =#O `y# "^\ ^ h~ ~HOxH "o, JH_#O_ H}
"o ~Ò`, s~ q~# H Hke# K_ #O`\h <#_ Òk. ~u u#Q =k# y<fl# L^ O @ `" =O^
"\ g^ ~O_ KO| h <#_`~. =#O `y# h~ WC_ J^ `flO KO^#fl=@. W_ U^ XH
"=O K =# L#fl K_ Q H^` LO@Ok. h~ K_# <#_`, "=O ^xx H^` LO@Ok.
~ O_=^ h~ : "=O K"~ Jk K_O i JH `Q=K. WO\ x K< "~, "^\i `QH
4560 xII `~fi` ~O_= ^ h~ `Q=K. g^~H ` WOH H @Q `y< W|Ok ^. "^\ i Q<
~O_= ^ _ h\x `QQey#xfl `Q=K. h\x `y# `~"` "^\ i Q =# Q QflO K J@ W@
5, 10 xII #_~. "^\i *_Oz "oOk Q^ WOH Uq=Ok Jx JxOk HO` =OkH. =# g@~#fl~
_=O_ =O LO@Ok. =# "^\i Q, Z= q~K#O J~` =~ _= Q q~K#O |@ =z
LO@Ok. WOH ~O_ =~ Q _=O_ Q =O ^y LO@Ok. P OQu J~O HH PzOK=. "^\i
q~K#= J~#_ Mm J~# QxH "#H Q L#fl == [iy "_xH J~QO@ =O _Òk. JO>
g~ "^\i q~K#O "o# `~"` J~QO@ ~O_= q~K#O =# =O, =^fi~O =^ Ki ^=Q
LO@#fl^#fl=@. WH PzOz =^_O g^ PO J#fl@ =O Ok. ~O_=i K =OkH *_Oz KQ,
hQ, Q@O H\#@Q "oÒk. =iHO` =OkH ~O_=i q~K#O ~=_xH WOH Hxfl ~A @=K.
~O_= ^ h~ `y# `~"` " ~O_= ^ q~K#O, HO` =OkH h h, KQ =O = HOQ~Q
JxOk. q~K<"##fl O _ HO`=OkH HQÒk. s~O h~ U"< =O ~ h~_`"" Jx
OÔ _ HQ=K. "^\^ Z= h `y#_ JO^x HO` h~ =O QxH "tOk. ~O_= ^
=~ `y#_ _ HO` h~ J< "Òk. D ~O_ ~ "o# h q~K<xfl "`Q, KQ K ~O_= i
q~K#O` He |@ =~. =#O `y# h\ HO` QO W =O Q QO_ =O^ ` nx= U #+O LO_^.
J^ g~ h\x Hk HkQ `QÒ>, P `y# h~ =O QxH "^. nxx XH z#fl L^~} ^fi~ Ò^=.
"# "eQ, z#fl [Q i@_ P h\x q, _"\x _@ O@Ok. W "# i#_ h~ <g^ Z"
xH ~@O LO_^. J^ "# *~Q ^ z# _C_ < h\x HQ, WOH h~ < Z=Q LO@Ok.
J_ P h~ OQ L#fl " ~Òk. =#O XH~ Z= h~ `y#_ @, z#fl Q < =O
QxH Hxfl [iy "o q~K#O #O_ |@ =~.
~O_=i h~ `y< HO`=Ok q~K#O J=fi^. J=fi^x OQ=^. HO`=OkH =|^HO LO_@O =# "O@<
J##fl@ Q =# =@ q#H=K. ~O_ ^Q h~ `y< =O H^@O Ô> JO\ "~ Q~"K\ h\`
'Zx= Hxfl ~A KH=_O =Ozk. ~O_=i h~ `y q~K# H~H= i J~# `~"` fl#O K"~ P
H~H= i K=K.
=_=^ h~ : ~O_ ^< 21/2 #O_ 3 b@~ h~ `y# "~ =_= ^ h~ `QO_ =x"=K.
"^\ ^ b@~, ~O_= ^ b@~ Z=~` `Q`~, "~ D =_= ^ h\x `y# `~"`<< q~K#O PK#
@=K. J~` J=Òk ^ =ke "O_. ZC_<fl >= ^~#_ _ D =_= ^ h~ ZQ@=K.
Q |~= L#fl"~, =|^HO Z= L#fl"~, H_fl ~ L#fl"~, Q n~ ~Q#fl"~, s~O Q "#
=#fl "~, "^\ ~O_ ^ 3 b@~ `y#\H, "~ =_= ^Q WOHH b@~ `y` =Oz^. # K#
W|O^#fl"~ 4, 5 < @ LÔ @ 4 b@~ h~ `y` =Ozk. 4 b@~ h~ `Q "~ 3 QO@ =Ò
i K Q LO@Ok. ~O_ QO@< <Q b@~ `y` HO` =OkH |~=Q JxOK=K. JO\ "~ H Z=
=xfl h~ `Q_xH =^ LOz` iÒk.
=#O LÔ @ `Q D h\ H~H=xfl 7 ^ 7.30 QO@H =y =Ozk. =#O `y# h\ ^fi~ =K
=Ò 9 ^ 9.30 QO@ H |@ =KOk. P, "~ "=# "iH '=Ò #hfl WO\
LO_Q< J~`~. WOH HOKO =O^ WO\#O_ |@ _=# "~ WOH =O^ z h\ H~H=xfl i K
=Ozk.
W\ =~ ~Q_# =#O `y# h~ s~O ~u@ [iy# i~x ^#, ~uH s~O qiOK#fl
=~# @x J@ =Ò, "+<, W@ K=@ |@ Hx =Ok. =#O fl#O K s~O H Z
_Ò^, ~Q_# `Q h\ =# u H}O, 5, 6 b@~ ~HO J JO`~Y fl#O KOk. Wxfl ~A =#O
s~xfl H =`" H_QO. W_ s~O [a+HO K#@ J=Òk. r=~hfl iOQ LOKO\~
H|> Jq H fl#O K=. =x+ =Ò H H_Q` =k<fl_. H Zxfl~ H_y< Jk x=^. JO^K`<
=#O ZO\ | \< , _~ <, H= ~<, =# ^y L#fl =~ ^~ "# QO@ u~ O_< =m
=K~. g W\ =~ Q# Z fl#O K~OK èOk Q^! WH g~ H fl#O KH ~<
~"^#fl =@. D ~H"# fl#O K_O g J"@~` g WH _~, , H=, J`~ H< J=~O LO_^.
=# LO_ 68 Ò h\x U ~AH~A iO K_O JO> W^. ~Q_# `Qh~ =#efl iO KOk `
Q\@ `Q h~ =#efl H< K^x èe.
Q=xH :
1.
~O, ^Q , # W|O^, `=, P, Js , Z_\

, J~, W<e L#fl "~ D
~Q_# `Q h\x Q~ "KQ `y` =Ozk.
2.
h\x `Q@O i JH U^< u#_xH 20, 30 xII Mm J> \ `~"` ~OaOK=K.
2) Q\ @ `Q h~ : Q\ @ =#O U^ XH P~O uO@ LO\O. =#O `y# h~ f#fl P~xfl
JiyOK_xH, Jiy# ^xfl "x "_xH, "x "o# ^xfl HQ =~_xH HO_ WOH ~O_ # K_xH
_ L Q_ `#flk. XH\, =#O Q U^ XH x K O \=. P x K@C_ =# HO_~ "_ _Òk. \#
P "_x Z\HC_ K~ h~ H"e. ~O_=k, Q ZO_ LO@Ok. P ZO_ #O_ =#efl, =# K~xfl H_O>
i_ h~ s~O Z_ LO_e. D ~O_ q^# _ =~=OÒQ x~fiOK_xH =#O h\x ~# =O
s~xH JOkOKe. Q\@ s~O x~fiOK=# q^xflO\H i_ h~JO> =~ 2.5 #O_ 3 b@~ h~, D
h\x U =xH Zxfl `Q#flk Ò^=. u<@C_ h\x `QO_, Z_ h~ `y< @ MmQ L#fl_ D
2.53 b@~ h\x `Qx Q~OKO^=.
<=^ h~ : \< u#fl ~O_ QO@ `~"` #O_ `Q=K. \< D ~O_ QO@ iQ r~O J~, JO>
O_ J~ LO@Ok. =#O W_ h~ `y` P O_, D h\` H ~OQ =~Òk. D ~O ~HO Ho HOk.
<= ^ h\x XH~ b@~ JO`HO> Z= `Q=# x ^. q~K#O J=fi=# x^ H|\ JOKOKQ
`Q=K. "^\i Q ^ XH\#fl~ Q h~ `Q=K. ~O_=i 1 ^ 2 Q h~ `Q\xH J~QO@ #O_
QO>< Mm W=fi=K. W ~O_ =_ ^Q \< u#fl ~O_ QO@ `~fi`#O_ [<xH J~QO@ =O^ =~ b@~
h\x `Q=K. WOH H"O> b@~#fl~< `Q=K. h\x `Q_O P# 2030 xII `~"` [#O ~OaOK=K.
W\ =~ =#O `y# <= ^ h~ ZO_#O_ =#efl H_` s~O h\ `xfl `QO_ H_Òk.
[#O K =O^ QO^ , ~HO Z_`
h~ i_ L#fl^, J_ <\, @, Q u# P~xfl JiyOK_xH
T~ r~k ~ =$kQ T~`~. r~k ~ LO_k Z= Ò h~ H|\ [<xH =O^ ~HO h~ `=Q
LO> D r~k ~ `= "`^ T~`~. JO> P~O u< J~`# =# <= ^ h~ He#flk.
S^=^ h~ : =^flO [#O J~# ~O_ QO@ `~fi` S^= ^ h\x `Q_O ~OaOK=K. S^= ^
`Q=# h~ XH b@~ iÒk. [#O J~# ~O_ QO@ @ P~O J~Q@O i J=Òk. Hh z#fl
Q WOH r~H [~Q` LO@Ok. H|\ XH~ b@~ h~ `y` @ |~=Q, POQ LO@Ok. JO^K`
S^= ^ h\x _ ~O_ =_ ^Q `Q=K. =#O W h\x `y`, P h~ @, Q Jiy# P~xfl
~HOxH "Hx "Òk. `~"` ~HO #O_ H} "Ok. Q\@ =#O U^ XH xK LO\=. P x
=K "_#O_ ZO_#O_, =#efl D S^= ^ `y# h~ H_Òk. Z_<fl H|i hQh, =lQ Hh `Qx LO>
D S^= ^ b@~ h\ J~ b@~ =`" `y J~QO@ Py# `~"` O_ Qh, =lQ Qh `Q=K.
P~=^ h~ : D h\x OÒ 530 QO@ #O_ 630 QO@ i K =Ozk. D h\x `Q@C_
@ Ug P~O LO_O_ MmQ LO_e. 630 QO@ `~"` `y`, D h\ ^fi~ =K =`= ~u 10, 11 QO@
=~ = LO@Ok. xÔQO ~O_ LO_O> 6.30 QOII `y`, _< =` q~# i J=Òk.
\ QOk W|Ok L#fl "~<, ~u@ Z=~ =Ò =K "~<, ^ = "~< 5.30 QO@ H `Q_O
=Ozk. P~= ^ `Q=# h~ XH b@~. nxx ^Q HH XHi b@~ `y, LÔ Q =~ PK# Q
_` K=OkH q~K#O J=Òk. W_ =K q~K#O LÔ u#fl \< `^=Òk. LÔ ~O_~ J~#
"iH, =_= i OHO "o#_ \< ` "+< =Ok. LÔ XHi "o# "iH, ~O_= i LÔ
~O_ Py OHO W_ =Ok. Uk U"< Jk Z\^< =# J#=~O. Jk Hke ~=_" XH Q J^$+O. h~
`y# J~QO@ `~fi` [#O K =Ozk. O^H_< P~O fO> ("`~O_Q< ^ 7 QO@ ) _< iH
[#O JiyÒk. [#O Jiy# ^Q~ #O_ @, Q qOu fO\~. J\ #O_ =# s~O HxOQ, i~
KH=_O ~OaOk. g~ [#O Q ^ ~# `~"` uO> HxOQ, i~ Z= >= LO_^. W K Z=
[| =~. OHO [#O K# ~O_ QO@ `~fi` J~Q ^ Q h~ `y _H=K. H` XH Q
=lQ `Q=K. P `= h~ Jiy# P~xfl "x "_xH iÒk. WOH Z= `y`, ~uH '=Ò
W|Ok LO@Ok. ~u x^\ 2, 3 QOII =^ =O =`xH "_xH Z= =Ok ~. P =O <~
ZO_~#@ LO@Ok. s~O P =O i~, HxOQ KO@ LO@Ok. "= =z P =O 1,2 Q
h~ `Q_O =Oz^. W|Ok J#O> z# `~"` `Q_". `HOz x^ z `Q=# ^g ^.
=Ò KQ HO_, `Q, Z=Q, KQ J~` P~QxH =Ozk. ZO` Z= J~` Jxfl Z= =~
^~ |@ qiO|_`~. ^~}OQ ~E LÔ =Ò JOîH `Q< J=Òk. Hx =^flO, OÒ
" =Ò HkQ ~OQ# Hey LO@Ok. Hx # K# qÔQ h~ `y# "iH ~Q_< `y# h\=# LÔ
J =Ò LÔ `Q h\ =#=^flO =Ò =^flO `Qh\ =#OÒ J =Ò `Q ~OQ
O_ J=Òk. W J=fi_O =# #fl K_ Z=Q Hke =KOk.
H`Q ~\ #O_, D H~O h\x `Q uflOK"~, =O^Q 3, 4 b@~ `Q_O J"@ KHO_. LÔ
1.52 b `Q_O, Q\ @ 1.52 b@~ `Q_O 4, 5 ~A J"@ KHx H" 5, 6 ^Q h~ `Q q^#OxH
"O_. g W|OkQ LO> 5 b@~ `< i@HO_. 6 b@~ `y J QO> JQ H#yOKO_. ^ = =z
|@ Z=Q u~Qx =e "~~` 4 b@~ h~ `y i@=K. ~\ #O_ H J"@ J =~ D h\x
`Q H~H=O ^ xQ LO@Ok. z# ^Q~ #O_ `Q_O, q~K<xH "_O, HO` >= JH =`xH "_O,
=m `Q_O, =m q~K<xH, =`xH "_O, =m `Q_O, u#_O, "_O W ~u J iH ^_H, WO\H u~Q_O,
`Q_O, u#_O ~[O` W^ iÒ^xOk. D h\ H~H=O = ~[O` D < iÒk, WOH "~ #g
KH#H~ O_, ~hO_ KO^x g JO^~ ##fl "~O k ~A u\# u@ u@O_ u@O\~"!
u_` u@HO_ Qx D h\ ^~xfl =Ò =#HO_. WOHH <Q ~A FH @O_. Jhfl J"@ J~ ~Q,
èQ, Qe è#@ LO@Ok. P `~"` '` <~} ~A = ZO` =Oz J"@ K_ Jx g~ H#|_ "~OîH
K|`~ K_O_. =O^ g~ =Ò =#O_ `QO_. < =@ q#O_. WO`Q |u=e ZO^ K|`<fl< J~O
KHO_, P~QO JO> J~O J=Òk.
LÔ x^ z# `~"` "_x |! |+ K<fl" Jx J= J_QÒk. WOH K^=! JO> J~`
Ò^~Q KHx ~, `Q >O J~Ok Jx JO@Ok. JO`=~H J_Q_O D ~A ` Òk `, |
^_H "", h `Q" Jx J_Q OÔ <QiH` ~` H_y"~.JO^K`< Jhfl J#q<fl=. ZO`
uO\", uO\", WOH @<, =_OK< Jx J_Q `, ~ D HO L<fl~ Qh `Q", "", WOH `Q J<
~A ~. =#O H~# P~Qxfl uiy OÔ> u WO\ LÔ D =@ q#|_<k _II =O`# "i
~#. x^ z# "O@< ~ =\OK_O, H, \< @_O, =OKO g^#fl P# _ H Wz, Dq__ `Q_O!
W^ D<\ =~. WOH ZO` HO WO\ K_ J"@#, =<# Qx~. WH K. W\H KHO Jxfl ~HQ
JxflO\x J#q OK_O J~Ok. H_#O` P~Qxfl, PK~# H=. ~f O^"q\, P~Q"q\,
P#OÔ Uq\, rqÒ Uq\, =#= [# ~H `
Uq\ WH<< `< `flO KÔ O_, "O_.
"x LÔ H HC @#fl K`` ~y KO|, h @HO_. ~ W"fieOk _ H H^, _
h Jx =~=HO_. `Q`" | Jx H^ h~ `Q | Jx J#O_. h\ x* `HO_. |` @#
=~HO_. H W|Ok L<fl F~HO_. h\` P~Q ^xfl f~HO_. g < #=~=O_.
h~ `Q@C_ =K W|O^
U x H`Q ~OaOz< ~OO H W|O^<q `=. Jk =Oz << K_<< s~xH J"@ _\xH
HO` >= fO@Ok. H$ u q~^= ~# Onx "^\ iQ s~xH JOkOz#_ =# s~O x H, P q~^= ~#
Onx `#xH W=_H^. h= <H ZO^ HK= Jx "O@< "Ou~O Òk. =O^Q `Q@C_ <~
P x K_xH ^_Òk. H`Q <~<@_ ZQ |=OÒQ qOQ`=. s~O =^ JO@<fl =m WOHH i
uflOz |=OÒQ `Q`~. =m "^\ iQ qH~, "O` `=. < s~xH On _^x JH_` P
J"@# q~qOKH_. ZO^K`#O> Jk K_ J"@ H|\. Zxfl W|O^ =z< @=^x qH=~x ^xfl
J"@ KH=_xH ufl_. J^ =Oz J"@ J~` ~O_~ W|Ok = =_=i Jk < _@O ^x ^x
*eH _. Jk On H|\ =m =_= `flO K_. Di "^\ ~O_ ~ Q =z#O` W|Ok ~^.
~"^#Hx `$ _`_. <= iH J^ H=Q LO@Ok. J"@~` Jk x^ LO_#@ LO@Ok. WQ qQ`
J"@ J~# H, \, Q~ @, [~ Hm, Q\, QO*~, ~~, =, K , Hs ^~, #< ^q#
^~ =O~ "IIq u#Q u#Q Jq_ J"@ J~ H=Q LO\~. JOîH Jxfl J"@ H~<, Hxfl
J~< `xiQ LO\~. Wq Jhfl H$u q~^"#q. D q~^=~# J"@`, ZO` HO #O_ Oz +Oz#
H$u ^"# s~O H H$u Q}#, fi"# HÒk. WO\ u =# s~xH H$u ^"# J"@
K_O ~Oa ~OO J"@ H, ~fiO Onx x~kOz#@, W_ D =Ozx x~kOk.
=# s~O =_ =O` ^=^~=O` =Ozh~. =Ozh~ |^ H, \, _OH, c~ Z=Q
`Q`<fl=. W=hfl J"@~# s~OxH XH b@~ h~ `Q=#HO_, `_ =~. h~ H$u ÔQ L#flk.
^xx q~ÔQ `~KHx `y` ~xKk Hx =#O W_ ^qkQ `Q_O ~OaOK=. JO^K` D H$uH,
L#fl qH$uH =^ ~} "^Òk. qH$u |O Z= LO> H$u ^"# h~ |@ <@|_Òk. qH$uH
HkQ |O `=Q L#flC_ z#fl z#fl W|O^` H$ux ~xOk. WOH <Q^ ~A JQ H$ux
J"@ K D qH$ux =i" H$u " uCÒk. =Oz"_ Z_ ZO`=Ok K_" L<fl, " K_# `#
<~ HO_, " K_ # Q\ `# =Ozx " OK`_. WH_ =# _ =Ozh~ H` `Q@_, =# L#fl
K_ Ph\x x~kOk. h~ `y#_ Z=iH<fl Z= W|O^ =<flO>, "i s~O qH$u Z= L#fl@.
J~< ~ @=^x qH=~_Q D H$ u` =# L#fl qH$`# H_y " H"e ` , =K z#fl z#fl W|O^#
K i=^. K_ J"@#, K_ OQ`xfl <~ H<@C_ L#fl @^ QO @^ ` =Oz J"@# <~ HO>
rqÒ Y_@O, P#O^xfl O^_O K èH. W<fl H$u ^"# h\x =OzQ `Q `flO ~OaOKO. D
=Oz x ~OO =Kq Ug _ J_O H=x, =#x K_ D ~O |@ `#fl^< ^ =#x K_
k J=`#fl^< qOz =O^ "` P~QO J< Qxfl O^^=.
=O^Q h `Q_O ~OaOz# H` ZO\ z#fl z#fl W|O^ = LO\, Jq = ZO^ =z<,
"\ #O_ =#O Z |@ _ J< q+ # `< `flO K^=.
1) qH~O : J"@ x h\x XH~ Z=Q, |=OÒQ `Q_O K=. |=OÒQ `Q"iH h\=#
H` Z=Q qH~ LO\~. J^ h\x W+OQ `y` Qh =. =#HOQ ^_, W+_ `y` Qx qH~
`Q=. 5, 6 ~A Z= =OkH qH~ iQ `~.
:
1.
2.
3.
b@~ h~ `y` qH~OQ LO>, ~O_= ~A #O_ h\x `yOz ZO` =~ qH~O ~^ JO`=~H `y PO_.
qH~ `y# ^Q~ #O_ h\H`# OKHO_.
XHi h~ `QH qH~O =, ~O_=i `Q=# h~ J=~=~` Z= =O q~=O Wz `=
i=}O `Q=K.
`y# h\ =# qH~O Z=Q LO_, P h~ HO^H H, H "O` ~O ~H W|Ok _` LO>,
~O Hke |@ =~. P "O` Q, =O@Q LO\~. ~ AH XHi, ~O_~ "O`~<, W

=~< "~O k~[~#\H HOQ~ _#=~O ^.
: 1. XH~ b@~ h~ `y#O^=# @ |~=Q LO_ ` = QO_ JxOk. XH\ ~O_ `# =
"Ou ~^. J `# ~H` W|OkQ LO@Ok. =s Z= W|Ok LO> " <\ @Hx "Ou KH"e.
WO\ W|Ok =, `~"` ~A #O_ JO@C_ h~ J~b@~ `y 1, 2 xII Py =~ = b@~ `y, 1,2
`# =KH qQ` h\x `y` "O` ~=.
2.
"^\ i h~ `y#_ "Ou J~ P `y# h~O` "Ou `, =QO@ ^ J~QO@ Py XH J~b@~
`QO_. =QO@ ^ 20 xII `~"` =~ J~b@~ `Q=K.
3.
"^\i `y# h~ "O@< "Ou J~`, @ h\ =u_ KH "+<~^. "+< ~=_O H~ h\x Z=
`Qe. "Ou ~_^ . "^\ ~O\ K #@ `# =^ =K@@ K qQ` h~ `y PK# _` "O@<
"+< =O k.
4.
"O` J=fi_O =# QO`<Q LO> Q~"K\ h~ XH\ ~O_ Q JC__ `y` < QOk.
WOH < LO> "_ H|i#< ", "_h \ =Oz# Q_`
H_O @ O> èQ LO@Ok. W J=~= ~`
~ O_ @ @H=K.
3) Z= ~ =`xH " _O : H |~= Z= L#fl"~, H <C L#fl"~ Z= ~ =`xH "o
=z#O^ h~_`~. h\x `Q_O ~OaOz# H`, LÔ @ =s J=# ^_< L#fl@, >= JO`
JH_ J~~#@ JxOk. LÔ @ =#O `Q 21/23 b@~ h\ =~ 2 b@~ < =ÒQ
`~=Òk. Z=h~ `Q J"@ x"iH =Ò `= `~, `= =`" Oz x= LO_
J"@ _ LO@Ok. ~E XH |~= J"@ _ =Ò Oz, XH~ Z= "`xfl =` Oz x=
LOK H H, J"@ H, _ Hk =`<fl =ke "=x "^_ P[# OÒk. h~ `Q_O ~OaOz#
H` L^ O @ u J~QO @ XHi =O @Ok. =iHO`=OkH 15, 20 xII XHi = LO@Ok. ~Q _ #
`y# h\H P~O` O|OÔ #O^= Z= =Ò `~=Òk. Z=~Q `= =`xfl H`
LO\=. "~O, k ~A HO`=OkH K =~ `yÒk. HO`=OkH 10, 20 ~A _`, HO`=OkH
1, 2 < _Òk. h~ `Q_O J"@ _# 10, 15 ~A #O_ 21/23 b@~ h\H 4, 5 ~ =Ò `<
LÔ @ x i J=Òk. P~O LC# iQ =x# "iH 3, 4 ~ < =Ò Mm J=Òk.
Q\@ `Q h\H =Ò Z= ~ ~=_O Hh, W|Ok Qh JO`Q LO_^. ZO_, P~O Wq ~O_
`fi~Q =`xfl `~ Hx=fi=. =~ ~u @ =Ò Z= =z#@ JxOk. x^ W|Ok ~_Ô>,
Z=~ =Ò =K"~,OÒ 5, 5.30 QO@ H h\x `y P" _< =Ò x i J=Òk.
x^ OQO ~^.
: W|Ok J#HO_ =`xfl LO_O_. =Ò ZO``, =# ^ =Ò Hiy JO` `~.
JO` =# =OzH J#HO_. ~Q LO@Ok. H` h~ `Q_O ~OaOz#_ W Wxfl ~ "O> W
h\x ZO`H= `Q`= Jx JxOk. x~`=xOk. J"@ JH D =Ò W|Ok J
LO_^ .
4) `y# ^xHO> Z= =Ò ~=_O : HO`=Ok b@~ h~ `y` b@~ HO> Z= =Ò =Ok.
WO\ "~ D h~ `Q_O =# U H_fl x Z" K_~ WO` =Ò =#fl^x HOQ~ _Ò\~.
JO\ #+"g [~Q^, [~Q^. HO`=Ok s~O LC Q Z=Q x= LO@Ok. LC XH>
XO@iQ x= LO_^. ^xH [O@Q h\x _ Hx x= LOKÒk. K`, H, "YO h~ \# "~,
s~O h~ \ La# "~ D ~HOQ =Ozh~ `y` "iH Z= =Ò =Ok. HO` =OkH s~O h~ \<
H "O_=. "iH _ W< [~QÒk. =#O LÔ @ `y# =Ozh~ "o u~Q }O
L#fl Z= L# @Hx |@ =Ok. L |@ =K@_, P L [O@Q LOK#fl h~ _
H =Ò =Ok. =#O `y# h\` `~ =Ò =i x= L#fl Lh~ He =~ H|\
iH h~O JxOk.
: h~OQ L#fl_ Hkh~ `yOz, P >= `< <Q # u#=K ^ h\ He `Q=K. H|i
O_O h `y` "O@< h~O `QÒk. WOH h~OQ LO> Hxfl Y~~O O_ uO> H =Ok.
6) `< : J"@ x h\x Z= "Ò XH~ `QiH @ |~=H, L|~xH, qH~xH, `
#~ Xu_H Q~ `< =~. HO`=Ok \,H =x#O^= =O\~. \, H O|OkOz# <
J~` 5,6 ~A =~ LO@Ok. "O`, qH~ O|OkOz# < J~` Jq =~ J J__
=< LO@Ok.
: 1. H, \ = =z# < J~` ~[O` LO@Ok. =s `@HH ` \\ "H=_" =~O.
2. qH~, @ Q|~ = =z# `< J~` "Ou KO> `QÒk. ^ Q~ `y# "O@< Òk.
LÔ @ Khfl` `fl#O K ` ~Q LO@Ok.
7) h hQ q~K#O : ==Q =# J h q~K< "~, D h q~K#O "~. P q~K< =#
~HO L#fl h~ q~K#O` H |\H iH h~O =Ok. WH_ =Ò =#O `Q h~ =O QxH "o
=xfl O Q H_ O@ h` è#@ |@ =O k. W q~K#O J~` ~Q Qe è#@ LO@Ok.
"^\i h~ `y#_ Q Q q~K#O J~# " ~O_= i h~ `y# `~"` J ~O_= q~K#O
HO`=OkH W KQ h hQ =O He =Ok. W^g [|Q^. =#O XH\ ~O_ ^Q `y# h~
=O QxH "o W =<fl~.
: W q~K#O u~E ~O_=i J~` QO` Mm J~#@ ~Q LO@Ok. W q~K#O J~` Q
PHeQ JxOk. W Z=iH<fl q~K#O J=fi#_ < W J=_O ^x >#< @H=_O Qh, J J~`<
Qx i H< J~#@ J#H=_O Qh @H=^. g `flO g~ KO> Jhfl ^# ^==`~.
8) =`xH "o# _ =O =z#@ LO_@O : D W|Ok # K#@Q q~K#O J~# "i, JOîH
H^ | `= =OkH = LO@Ok. # K#@ q~K#O J=fi#_ D W|Ok ~^. ~O_=i q~K#O
KQ, hQ "o# `~"` =_= ^ h\x `QiH, D =_= i h~ =O QxH "`~. =O
Q =O Mm J~#O^= D h~ J< KQ Q J~QO@#O_, QO@ =~ LO@Ok. D =O
=#O =`xH "o#_ ^ Q J#x =ke#_ = ^fi~O ^Q~ L#fl h~ Q` @ |@
=z#@xOk. XHHi |@< HkQ K= J=Òk. W J=_O = #+O ^Qh z~Q LO@Ok.
: 1. =O QxH h~ Ki J L#fl_ =# Òk. J L#fl\ #O_ Q =k@_, =# \,
= ^fi~xfl eH Q` <H Q# =ke` =O Qx h~ ~O_ Py =\ Q =`" Òk.
2.
D h J~QO@ #O_ QO@ Q LO\~. D QO@ =O # K#@ *Q`Q LO> D JH_
#O_ P h~ ~HO eH "oÒk.
3.
J WO\ W|Ok ~_Ô> ~O_=i q~K#O h hQ "o# "~ =_= ^ h\x XH~ b@~
`Q~^. =_= ^ h\x ~O_ QQ K 15,20 xII q~=O` `y` D W|Ok LO_^. ^ =_= i
J~b@~ h\`< i\e.
9) @ y#@ : h\x W+O H |=OÒQ `QiH Jq Z= =O @<, Q< L#fl@ LO@Ok.
LÔ @ =~ 2,3 QO@ h\x xO_Q `Q_O = @ =z#@, HkQ =O^ y#@ JxOk.
^x` h\x `Q_O =# @ =zOÔ\~. =iHO` =OkH, h\ q^#O =# Q PHe iy ~fiO HO> Q
q~K# =iH u#_O H Z=Q u#QQ`~. J~Q^ _ =~ =Ok. nx` u#flk =O@|\,
"=O _ KH=_O =# @ = h\ = =zO^< "~ L<fl~. h\H, L#fl @ `QÒk. h XH~
Zxfl `y< 15,20 xII qOz @ x= =O_=. 15,20 x=+= @ LO_ h\H @ y` 3,4 QO@
LO_ P~xH @ WOHO` y" PzOKO_.
: H" g @ `yÒk, J#=xOKO_ h\x `QO_.
h
2.
s~xH h~ \ =s |~=Q LO@O>, L =< 5,6 b@~ h\H |^ 4, 4.5 b@~ h\x `y< QO@Ok.
11) ~O @_ O : h~ `= `Q "iH Z= ~O _` LO\~. h~ ~O# `yOK Q =O^ Jx
J#=K. h~ ~OaOKH ~fiO =# =Y=, = QO ~#fl ~O, lQ~, H= (# Q,
"YO Z=H O^) x= LO@ LO\~. Jq P Q Q xO_# `~"` ~O \ |@ pq_
~O = LO\~. =#O h `Q_O ~OaOz# `~"` HO` =OkH WO` HO #O_ x= =#fl `
~O Jhfl Hke, P Q #O_ O J=fi_xH |@ ~O ~O =K~. =# q< Z= J~`
~O K LO\~. h~ J<k O\ q< JO> ^xH q~Q_ Jx J~O. =# L#fl K_ O J=`
|@ ` LO> =# Jk J~O QH h~ `QH =# x ~O \Ok, < D h\ q^#O i_^
J#O> ~>. h~ `y#_ U K_ |@ =z< ~x=fiO_ =Oz^ WOH h~ Z= `y` ~O Ò^~Q
Òk.
: 1. ~O Ò^~Q `QO> h\x Q~ "KQ "_K, P h\x 5,6 b@~ `y` ~O `fi~Q `Q`~. D
L= #O a O k. 2. =MxH "_ h\ Pqi ki#_ _`
=Ozk. ~O =O^ "_=^. J P K_ #
Hix=fiO_.
12) [fi~ : h\ ^~xfl ~OaOz# H` XHi^~ = LO\~. Jq ==Q ~= =z#" ^ h\H =#
L#fl K_ Hke [fi~O =zO^ è^. Uk U"#\H [fi~O ~=_O J<k Z_< =#x K_x H_Q\xH Jx
Q~OKH"e.
: [fi~O =z#\H h~ `Q_O =~g K=^. [fi~O =z#_ h~ Z= `y` =# [fi~xH H~}"#
K_ Ò^~Q Hke |@ Òk. J h~ `Q` 1,2 ~A L"O K K =~ `yÒk. WOH
`QH W|Ok LO> H~O `yOKH=_O =Ozk.
13) PHe `y#@Q : ~Q_# `Q h\ =# LÔ @ xO_Q JxOz \< iQ u#~. [#O =O^
`y# h\ =# [#O iQ u#H JQ ~u [#O =O^ `Q h\ =# _ ~uH HO` =OkH PHe
JxOK^ . W =_@ P~ ^ Q `Qh\ =# HO` =Ok h~ J"@Q#O^= PHe =O^yOz#@
LO_ iQ u#~.
: 1) h\x `Q@O =# PHe `y#@Q, J #@Q LO> h\x 3.54 b@~ =~ `y i_` =Ozk. 3,4
~A W|Ok `QH =~ ==.
2)
PHe =OÔQ L#fl_ \< u#_O =x, 1,2 ~ `< h Qh, ~O Qh `y @ qOu W
=Ozk.
3)
= |^HO L#fl "i D W|Ok Z=Q = LO@Ok. WO\ "~ P =^+O =_xH, q~K#O
Q J=fi_xH Q~ "Kx h\ Zx= Hxfl ~A ~E KO> P =^+O ~ PHe _Òk.
W\ =~ =#O # K#fl W|O^xflO\h `<flH, h `y` Wxfl ~H Ô\ Jx =O^
_ HO_. # K# W|O^ J Ug ~O_ h~ èQ J"@ J"~, #\H 50 =Ok LO\~. XHiH
# K # =hfl = #H=^. `Q` LO> J"@ _ =~ U^H\ =z =~ "\ ^=# J" Ò\~. "\x
K =#O `Q h\x =#O `Q_". W_ K# H~O U"< O^ f~O@ h\ ^~xfl =Ô_
rqOKO_. 10,15 ~A h~ `Q_O Q J"@ JH g~ `QO_ LO_O> g = H^. U ~[<fl 5,6 b@~
`Q_O ^~H`, P ~A U^ H~#O` W|OkQ LO@Ok. JO` Q xfl JO^H =O^ =K z#fl z#fl
X_^_, P ! Uq K~ O_ =kO_.
h |^ ~ L#fl h~ LyO^
=#O ~A 5 b@~ h\x `Q#O@<fl=. LÔ #O_ OÒ =#O U^ XH ^"~xfl `Q`
LO\=. u~A XH\ ~O_ Q =lQ, H|i O_O h, OHO K ~" ^ _OH ^ ~"
`Q` LO\=. D ^"~O L#fl h\ `xfl _` (He`) =~ b@~#fl~ =zO^#HO_. =#O `Q=# 5
b@~ h\ D b@~#fl~ h\x `yOz `y` iÒk Q^ Jx OÔ HO`=Ok HQÒk. "\ L#flk _
D h~ H^ Jx =# JxOk. J"iH " c~ L#flk _ h~ H^ J#O@ =x+ `HOQ h~ `Q=# x
^, U^H ~O h~ "o` iÒ^#Hx J< `Q "~. 5, 6 OII HÒ =~ "~ J =Oz h~
@H=_O Qh, `HOz `Q_OQh, _ @Hx "_O Qh K^. "# K <~< =#"~ _ HO`
=Ok W< "kOz, J< h\ H "< "~.
=#O `Q h~ ~O_ # K#<fl=. "^\k HxOQ, ~O_=k P~ J=~, ^= =i s~xfl
"_#O_ ~HOK_O. D ~O_ # == =Oz h~ =#O J##fl@ `y` [~Q`x `<fl=. =Ozh~
K x ~Ox h~, c~x h~, H|i hx h~ # K# ~O_ ## KO^" Pz^=.
HxOQ : H|i hx h, ~x h ~H ~H P~ ^~, q@q<, q#~ "^Q "\` He
~ LO\~. D ~ h @ Q #O_ ~HO ^fi~ H}xH "`~. D h~ u~Q }=
H}x =e<#, LC, =~ ^~# @ x |@ ~"e. =#O `y# ~ L#fl LC#, xH ~x =~
^~# fx ~=_xH JO^ L#fl h~ iÒk Qh, =# xfi L#fl ^#, LC#, =~ ^~# @x
=K H ~x h\H K^. g~ =iHQ ##fl K`# =iH h\` H_y` O U=O@Ok. J^ =Oz h\` H_y`
P =Oz h~ K` L#fl =iHx PHiOKx K`# OQ LOKÒk.
H|i h 98% h~ LO@Ok. ~ H|i h Jx JO@<fl=. P h\x `Q_xH Q x `y#
`~"` P Q# JQ WO\ @O@<fl=? H_Q `<fl=? Z=fi~ WO\ P Q# J LOK~. H_Q`~.
ZO^ H_Q`~? JO^ L#flk h~ H^? Q 98`=. ZO^HO> JO^ L#fl P~ ^~, LC, qQ` =}
H~}OQ P h~ Q JO@O@Ok. ^xfl k KO> H|i h K=. XH =Ozh~ P x Kk. JO^K`<
z=~ =Oz h` H_y` Qh O H^. JH_^H ZO^? H|i h `Q@C_ KuH J~` g~ h~ H^
J~Ok Jx J Kèfl H_QO_ LO\~? H_QH ` K` l_. z=~ =# xflKk =Ozh~ Q^! ^xx H<
K<fl s~xH =Oz h~ H"e ` =~ ~O L#fl h~ \ ~^.
^xfl, s~ J=~# f~e : "q H= Qh, Q K=@ > xK#_ Qh =# ^= "Ok. <~
h~ H"e H"e JO@Ok. P =xH h~ JO^_= P"<, ^ h~H H|i h, =lQ ^ O_ ~"
`Q~#O^=. P =_O\ 95`= HO> Z= h~ LO@Ok. g s~= J_yOk h~. g~ `yOk ~. s~O
"\ h\x QOz ^= f~O@O^? g P ~# `y#C_ ^= ""xH f~Ò^? ~QÒ^?
^= f~^, WOH ^= Z"#@ LO@Ok. z=~ g~ =Oz h~ `y`Qh ^= f~^. WÔ` =#O^~=
JC_C_ J#q LO\=. s~= `# H=e# h~# JOkOK =~ `$ _@O Ô> ~ L#fl h\`
^= f~_= ^x "O@< J~==`#flkQ^. JO^K` s~xH ^= J~#C_ ^= f~_xH h~ H}
JOk`Qh ^= f~^. =#= `y# ~ "Q @, Q Jiy, JH_ #O_ ~H= xH, JH_ #O_
H}xH "iH =~ QO@ #O_ QO@#fl~ == fO@Ok. ~ L#fl h~ ^xH LQ_O>
JO` == _Òk H|\ ^= f~_O ^. =# PHe " >= P~O =O_x ^=Q LOKO\=
Qh, Q PHH JC_ "Q aO U~x, Z~ ", ~ Hx, =O@ Kx u#fl@O@Ok D ~
LO_ h~ ^= f~_=<k.
Q\ @ =#= U^ XH x KO\=. JQ ZO_ `Q` LO@Ok. W@ x =K "_, J@ ZO_ "_x

`@H=_xH h~ H"e. g~ ~, H|i h D s~ J=~# f~_xH `Q~#HO_. @ MmQ L#flC_
~# `y` QO@, QO@#fl~ == ~O_ J=~# f~_xH JO^x h~ "Òk. ~#, H|i
h# @ U^< L#flC_ `y` Jq D J=~xfl f~_xH "iH =_ QO@<fl fO@Ok. D s~=
"_H_=, ZO_ W|Ok _@O JO` J~Òk.
H|i h, =lQ =^flO @ `QxOz h\x `Q_= W+O #_ ZC_<fl XH\, ~O_~ h |^Q
`Q_= "~. Jk _ g~ U x KO_ qOuQ L#flC_ J~` ~"^. ~E `x iQ s~xH ~O_
[<#OkOK =Ozh\x 5 b@~ `Q_= `xi. J"iH "~ 5, 6 OII #O_ "~ ~fi= J##fl Ô`=
`C Jx `x WC_ u XH~ '3 b@~ `QO_ `Qx, WC_ _OH \ "x "_O |^Q
h # "Hx `Q`<fl~@. h # WC_ Z=Q JxflK@ J=`<fl~@. "~ =#Q '5 b@~ h\x
`Q_xH WOH Hxfl OII @=K. h~ =# K# " =~H\ K^. ~ L#fl h~ =# s~ J=~#, ^xfl,
HxOQ# =Oz h~ K#@Q K^x `HO_.
<\ =# h\ J"@
<QiH` iy# ^Q~#O_ =x+H f ^x U^ XH ~zx He u#_O Qx, `Q_O Qh J"@
J~Ok. H$u JOkOz# O_ ^Q~ #O_, ~, yO[, P, Ô` =x+ `# ` P
J=$`~xfl, P ^xfl ~H~HQ =i, ~H~H He u#_", `Q_" J"@ J~Ok. Wxfl
~HQ H$ u q~^" # ~K# L^ O z# ^Q~ # O_ ~u _ H =~ ~z K Q W+ _ `,
u< <H ~z z|\, P ~Kx ^~ JO> `# y@_O ^. W\ =~ JxflO\h ~K
He f#fl\H h\H =Ò =#O Ug =# ~K HO_ H$u Wz# ~z< PfikOK=. Q`
15, 20 OII #O_ HO`=Ok <H ["# h\ ~zx u~i<fl~. <H h\ ~zx
JOK<iH HO`=Ok P h~ `QH ` Uq\ Jx J^ K_O ~OaOK~. s~HOQ K=@
_` J<fl h~ `QxOk. K=@ > ~A ~#q. U^ h\x H"x `Q_" `, W+OQ `Q
"~ `y~. Ò HO H_ Z LOÔ>, h\H OK^~ Hx `Q^Q~ #O_ =lQ
= HO> ` `Qx uH ZkQ~. WQ D J"@, ~K u#_O H#y`, q+`
=#"~ h\H _ LC, èO "x "\x aO^ x =Ozh~Q `Q=# J=~O
=zf~Òk. D J~_ | K=OkH W\H =z LO_=K. < ^$+H h~# qÔQ Kx
`Q`<fl~x ~^Qh, D \H HO`=Ok W `Q_O "^ \< \ LO_=K#x < JOK<.
~fiO ~A u XH~ x^ z# "O@< =OKO ^Q~ LOK#fl h\x Q@Q\ `Q "~. =
^Q~, K~= ^Q~ ^` h~ `Q"~. XHH ^_ H` " = b@~ # LO@Ok. ZH_
"o< `Q_xH h~ "x ""~. [#O ^Q~ h\ Q LOK<"~ Qh `Q_xH H^. [#O
u# =O^ h` H} K_xH P h\x "_, [#O JH K~ HOKO H_H=_xH
"_"~. =# ~fi H P ~O_ J"@# =ke", HOKO ^Q~ @#fl h\x `Q<fl=. =#O
W_ OH ^Q~ Q^ K` H_Qk! =# ^ ~AH 6, 7 b@~ h~ `Q_O [iQk. "i = JO` h\x
`yOKk. h~ J=$`=x qOK~ "~. "#H\ ~A |O^= WO\H =z# "O@<, ^ \`<,
^ Q`< fiQÒ eH"~. D ~A _OH, ~fl<, H HC`< =~^ K<fl~. H
_|#fl "~` D =^ Z=i# h~ `Q_O ^. =#O WK h U"< H+O LO@O^"#x
O, ZH_H "o< WO\ ^Q~ #O_ "x "`<fl~.
D ~A J~` z# "O@< _ H, Ô Z_<fl J~` _OH, c~, ~, h
|^ "_`<fl~. ~AH 2, 3 Q =Ozh~ `Q"~ 10 Ò =Ok, 5, 6 Q h~, JO`HO>
`= `Q "~ 60 Ò =Ok LO@<fl~. ~O_ b@~ =~ `Q"~ 15 Ò =Ok LO\~. ~O_
#O_ =_ b@~ =^ `Q"~ 10 Ò LO\~. =_ #O_ <Q b@~ `Q"~ 5 Ò =Ok
LO\~. ~AH 5,6 b@~ `Q"~ ZH_ #\H, H\H XHi^~ H#|_`~. J `Q"ix, D `Qx
"~ Jxfl h `y` H_fl x Z= Jx XH~ Jx, Jxfl `y` =Ò Jhfl `~ Jx "~H~ Jx,
~HO KQ J~Ò^x WOHH~, =~H~ Ò Jx W ~H~HQ K `Q"ix î~.
`Q WO` `= h\H _ HO`=OkH "O`, h\x K qH~O, @ u_O, =iHO`
=OkH h Zs. P `Q Hkh\ ~z _ W+O H x=~O O_x `Q"~, h `y K_
<H"~, h ~[e `Q"~, f Hx `Q"~ W ~H~H `fl K "~ H ^.
^ `= `Q`, h~ Z= `Q KO\ efl K `Qx=fi~. z#fl @xO_ h Z=
fl
fl
=O~ O\ K@ =OzQe H"#< "iH =OzQex J" 'PH[< ~ J<q =K@.

QO@ 100200 ~II KO@<fl~. [< "o O@<fl~.
<# # K# h~ `Q"i `, h~ `QH _ W|O^ K=OkH #=|kH^.
=iHO`=OkH Z= K "~ Jx JxOk. <# D 7, 8 OII Z<fl "=Okx h\ q+ J_y
`<fl#. "~ K W|O^ qO@ LO> =# P~O "Ok. Q `QQey# "~, h~
`Q\xH Uq W|Ok LO@Ok Jx H\ _O\~. `Qx "iH ` P ^ Uq\! K =OkH
J<~QO H~}OQ J~+` U~_`, =iHO` =OkH @H`< h~ JO> W|Ok "^=Òk. ~H~H
~K uO@ LO>, ~H~H =~# _` LO\~. JO^^ h~# `Q\xH W|Ok _@O
JO>. W\ =~ =##fl h\ J"@ =~x, s~xH J#"# h\ J"@# <~O> P~QO
=O@Ok. =# h~ Z= `Qx PK# =~ KO>, h~ J^ QO@Ok. h\H LO_ ~z
Q^ Jx =<HO>, h\x ~z HO `Q_O ^, P~QO H~ `Q`<fl# Jx =#HOQ ^=~`
U W|O^ ~=. L#fl W|O^ ~ =Oz J"@ g OÒ J=Ò^x =~=HO_.
L" h~
L"O JO> @, Q xKO_ i qOu fH=_O. Jq ~O_ x K_Ô> Ug u#O_ i
qOu x"fie. Ug P~O u#H`, s~O H`Q `~ =~ ^~ LO_=. s~xH Q\ _\H = Wz#@.
~u _\ == ~A (P~O u< ~A) J~` HxOQ, i~. L"O JO> Q P~O x H~}OQ
Q _ ~u@ K< HxOQ#, i~# s~O KO@Ok. JO> ""xH 24 QO@ HxOQ, i~ Jx J~O.
P~O u#^ Q^ U K_ H< J=Òk JO>, s~O Z\ #O_ x= L#fl K_, ~#fl =~ ^~ "IIq H<
K |_`~. =#O P~ ~A P H, "~xH "o Pk"~= = f#fl>, P~ ~A Q xK J
~# @ Q L"O ~O = W=fi_=#fl =@. D ~ xfl Q=xOz# ~fi UH^tH, x"~xH, O_Q,
[ L" K }O =Ok Jx K"~. U }= JO> s~xH, =# O|OkOz# P~Q=< }=
Jx "i =#.
Ug P~O u#O_ LO_O> h~O =OkQ^ Jx _ =#O L" *eH =. g h~O ~O_,
Q HQ LO_@@, PHeO_ L"xH HiOK KHx P~= `< J< J=$`=. `< `y` @ Q J
x K#H~ O_ s~xH H =Ok. `< `y` J#flO u#fl ^xHO> |OQ ~Q LO@Ok. D `< H~=`
L"= K _O Jxfl q^ =Ozk.
L"O s~xH xfl K~Ô` h~ =`". L"= 24 QO@ g x= L#fl K_ JO` HxOQ
Q [~QO>, D x JO` Kk h~. =#O `Q =Ozh~ "o s~O x= L#fl K_# <#@Hx u~Q
}O P K_ "O@ =O, =Ò, K=@, H~< _H_ ~O |@ = LO@Ok. D h~ i_
`QO_ L"O K<, J `QH~< O <fl. D h\x `Q`, nx` @ H<, \< ^ O_ ~"
^ ^" HkQ #Ol` Jk L"O J=fi^. J K J@ uO_H, W@ HxOQH ~O_ q^ K_#@ J=Òk. U
HkQ P~O u<fl ^xfl r~O K_xH @, Q xK~. Jq x K P ~A == ~A` =#O.
WO\ xflK L"O "~xHH ~A K=K. =#O^~O Pk"~O @ Z= K` ux s~xfl W|Ok _`
LO\=. H|\ WOHH ~A L"O KHO> D HO =#+ Pk"~O K_O =Oz^x < LÔ. JQ O_Q,
UH^tH, s~O |_eHQ L#flC _, PHe =OÔQ L#flC _, #flqH U^ XH =OH` L"O K _O =Ozk. =#
HxOQ JO` [iQk h\=# H|\ h\H Z= =Y=x L"O K=K.
h~ Z `Qe : 1) LÔ x^z# ^Q~ #O_ 9, 10 QO@ =~ QO@HH b@~ KC# 3, 4 b@~ =Ozh~
`Q`~.
2.
P h\` XH\, ~O_ ~ Q q~K# ==Òk.
3.
9, 10 QO@ PH<, J=fiH~<, h~O =z<, ~H~< XH ^ Q_ h\ XH x=H ~xfl O_,
^x fiK" # `<# 3, 4 \ # (z#fl #) He `Q`~.
4.
`< `y# QO@#fl~ `~"` #O_ XH\ ~O_ ^Q J~b@~ #O_ b@~ =~ h\x `Q`~.
5.
=m 12, 12.30 QO@ `<, x=~O He# h~ `Qe.
6.
=m QO@#fl~ `~"` (=~ 2 QO@) =Ozh~ `Qe.
7.
W ~AH S^~ ~ `< h `Q`, 5, 6 ~ =Oz h~ `Q` ~u_H< =~ `Q` LO_=K.
8.
WH h\x ~u 7, 8 QO@H `Q_O P=K. x^ =~ `y` =Ò W|Ok =Ok H|\ h\x =O^
P=K.
9.
Z=iH<fl J#Hx h~O Qx, W|Ok Qh = JO@_ Z=~h H|iO_O h `Q=K.
10. W L"O ~# s~xH ~ x P ~A# =OzQ ^#O Z= K H=_" , PûH H K^= _" ,
=## OÒQ LO> ## K H=_" K =Ozk.
11.
h~O LO> `< ZO` "_< `C^. (=~ 250 Q= JO> = Hr =~).
12. L"O K# `~ "` ~A, ==Q =# k#K~ # H#yOK=K.
K=Ok L" K~ Qh, xfl O^~. `< `QO_ K# L"O O `Q^. Qh, h~ `QO_
K#O^= [#O <fl. WOH #+O Z=. K=Ok <# Ug =@HO_ LO_QQ`# Jx Q KCO@
LO\~. h~ `QO_ ^ `=Q `y< L"O J< ^x J~O =iÒk. "~xHH ~A L"O ^fi~ s~xfl
h\` sfiOQ KOÔ. ~Q i# _O_ s~xfl [~fi KOÔ.
"q Z= h~ ZO^ `Qe

ZO_HO =OÔ>< K =OkH O "Ok. <Q < Z_ ~ =~HO =O^ Jx K~. JO^~
OQ s~xH K^<xfl JOkOK `fl Q K LO\~. U.., ~, Khfl\ fl<, Q_Q ZO_#Oz
~HOKH=_xH "_Ò\~. OQ Zxfl K< HkQ ZO_ `y iH W|O^ ==. s~O L#fl eOQ
"# Q LyOK@@ ufl OQ Ug KH ~< ZO` ZO_ uiy< ~Q< LO@Ok.
=# L#fl eOQ H Q x K, =#efl ZO_ W|Ok O_ ~Q }O K~OK QQO>
fH< h\ Jk P^~_ LO@Ok. "q s~O h\x Z=Q H~Ò@Ok, H|> =#O h\x qQ` H `Q
^xHO> Z= W+OQ, Z= h `QÒ\=. j`HO, =~HO` e, ZO_HO =#O `Q h~ Z= Jx
=#O^~O J#H=K. Hx s~xH WOH Jq `= H=@O K` ZO_# `@HH`<fl=. [OQ JO^~ "q HO
2, 3 b@~ h\x `Q`~. s~xH W|Ok ~O_ "q HO ~Q QO> 6, 7 b@~ h~ `x iQ `y f~e.
ZO_ u~Q#_ 5 b@~ h~ iÒk. ZO_ uiQ@_ J^#OQ P ~O_ b@~ s~xfl , |\ KQ
LOK_xH J=~O. =x+H "qHO " Z= ^xfl f~_xH KK@ Ke"O^ i@ "H~H= #_
LO\~. =# Ke"OÔ 4 Q h~ W, `y# `~ "` "~ =# = K# @ q `$ _`
=. =#=
"q J Z= h~ `Q_O J<k =# s~xH =#O = KH=_O Jx =Ò =~==^.
ZO_HO h\x `=Q `Q_O = =z# W|O^# =~ uiy h~ `y` ` =O^ ^fi~ Qx, =i U
W`~ ^` ^fi~ Qx Q@_O Ô H^. "q HO U W|O^, ZO^ =, "\H, h\H O|O^"q\
W_ Ò^=.
1) K~xfl ~HOK_xH : ZO_ #O_ K~xfl, s~xfl H_k h~. P h~ iQ s~O #_ Z<fl W|O^#
Z^~= =O k. "H h~ H ~<, KH ~< "q HO P ZO_~#@ ~OQ`y, "H "_~#@
LO@Ok. JO\ "H h~ JOk XH ~A =m KQ H` zQ~` xQxQ_Òk. h~ KH` =# s~O
_ h~x "H Q "_Òk. JQ 'h~ Kx =#+ =M _ ZO_~#@ #Q Hqe`~. JQ
K~O _ #Q J=`, Q` LO@Ok. Q\@ =#O x KO@ LO\=. D x = =# HO_~ Lù
J "_x `yOK_xH, K~_xH h~ H"e. JQ Q ZO_ Z=Q L#flC_ P ZO_#O_ K~xfl ~HOK_xH h~
H"e. D ~O_ ~H J=~# f~_xH "q HO Z= h~ `Qe.
"q ZO_ Z=Q L#flC_ K~xfl ZO_ #O_ ~HOK_xH, s~O `#x h\x K~xH O K=@ ~O
h\x Pqi K, K~xfl K|~ LO@Ok. K~xH K=@ ~O =z# h\ ^fi~ K^#O U~_` LO@Ok. "q
s~O ZO_ #O_ K~xfl H_\xH u~E =~ 1.5 b@~2 b@~ K=@ _` LO@Ok. s~O h\ x+u
`=Q L#flC_ K~xfl ZO_ #O_ H_\xH h~ KH, `= h~ K~xH }Ok. `^fi~ `= K=@
_Òk. K=@ `=Q L#flC_ Z= "_H K~O Qi J=` LO@Ok. ZO_ `y Q K~O =O_`, Q`,
#Q J=` LO@Ok. "qHO , ^ Z=Q s~O eÒ @Ok. e#_ _~ O\~ `
H~}xfl P~. h~ `=Q `Q "iH K~O eÒk. s~xH Z=Q =Ozh~# JOk | \ `=_O
=x` _O "O@< Òk. q^ #< L#flO` =O@ Xux H^. #< #C_, J~`#fl_, P =O>
Xux He "Ok. JQ s~O h~#flO` ZO_ K~xfl Ug K^.
2) =~ ^~# qiOK\xH : "q HO =zOÔ> =#O^~ Q~ =Kq "q =. "q =

# q<^, q èÔ_ uC` LO\~. =iHO` =Ok f~` i@ ^@# K LO\~. "q
=# O`+OQ Q_x JOîH LO@Ok. |\ O` "o#_ =#O Z=Q `$x O^\xH, Z=Q
Y~ K ~H~H P~ ^~# u#_xH W+_`=. Q "qHO "_ Z=Q LO_ Ò ~Q_O =#, `xfl
K~ _OH, SH=, , Ju Kx h~ "^Q#q Z=Q "_`~. OHO J~OÔ> |r,
#Q, H\\, ", hs Z=Q uO@ LO\~. W ~H~H ^~#, ~H~H @, ~H~H
T =~` ux u~Q` LO\~. =iHO` =Ok K\ WO\H "o` ~H~H =K~x ~AH ~HO \<, ~H~H
qO^[< _` LO\~. "q HO =zOÔ> =#OîH =s W+"# H` P=H, K [<. Jq \# H`
=s QO\~ H|\ "q H" JO^~ =Q P~yO\~. D qÔQ JO^~ =~^~ Z=Q LO_ P~#
Z=Q uO@ ^xH h~ |^ _OH, ~, SH=# "_` s~xfl W|Ok _` LO\~. JO^K`<
Z= =OkH "q HO q~K<, "O` J~` =iHO` =OkH =~HO ~OO `~} "^ "^_`~.
[fi~O, ~O, ^Q , q~K<, "O`, H_ <, `<C "^Q "\x `~ } "^ O\~. E<, E < J@
, W@ ^ "~ [fi~, >~_, `~} "^ "^Q#q = [< =iOk Q^ JO^= =<fl~ Jx
=#O J#O@ LO\=. _H~ _ J^ qÔQ JO\~. =# J"@ =# =# =i# [< Jx èH JO^~
H$u g^, =~HO g^ ` LO\~.
JQ K =OkH Q_, ~, <\ `, H Q = LO\~. =# ZO^ Jq =<fl

J~OHH JO^~= "q HO H^ "_ K#O^= Wq Jhfl =<fl~ J#O@<fl=. =i HO` =Ok =q_ H
u#flO^= ^ # `# u#flO^= "_ K Q_ =<flO@ LO\~. W=hfl "_ K H^, =~ ^~ s~O
Z" D ~O |@ = L<fl~. "q == ~AHO> Z=Q h~ `y` D W|O^ #O_ èQ
|@ _= K.
3) =Ò Q J=fi_xH : "q =#O `y# =Ozh~ =_=O` K=@ ~O |@= XH=O`
=Ò ~O = LO@Ok. `= =Ò `~=_O K` =Ò HkHkQ ~=_O, =O@Q ~=_O, K KQ
~=_O, < iQ Mm J~#@ JxOKH =_O, KH KHQ ~=_O "IIq K =Ok H#|_`~. "q_
=Ò KQ ~O_ `Q, ^~Q, Z=Q =K@ h\x =#O =^flO, OÒ Q `Q` LO> D W|O^
"q Z=iH ~=.
4) q~K#O Q J=fi_xH : "q K =OkH =|^HO LO@Ok. =#O `y# =Ozh~ s~=~#
f~_xH, ZO_#O_ K~xfl H_\xH =O^Q Z=Q "` LO@Ok. K=@ ~O Z= =_O =# =Ò
^fi~ `= |@ =Ok. WOH Z=Q LO> q~K<xfl 'O\HQ (Q\Q) =~O_ K_xH "Òk. J
h~ Q `y# "iH "q HO _ "`Q, Q J=Òk. h~ iQ `Q#_, HkQ< `y#_, =O Q\_
Jk Q [iQ@_ xfl`"# ~H<# QQ@O@ ~=_O K` HOîH q~K#O ~HO _` LO@Ok.
=iHO` =Ok =OH ^ "q Z= J~` "_K J#O\~ Qx h~ KH J#H~. h~ Z= `Q_"
nxH i~O.
5) =_^| `QO_ LO_\xH : =Ozh~ `=Q `y =^flO @ ZO_ xK< "iH, ZO_
Z=Q uiQ "iH '=_^| `Q` LO@Ok. "_ Z=Q L#flO^= =_^| `yeOk Jx JO^~ J#O\~ Hx
s~O h~ `y J#H~. h~ `=Q `Q"iH P Hk h~ ZO_ #O_ K~xfl ~HOK_xH K~OxH "oÒk.
ZO_ xK_O ^ u~Q_O "^Q#q K@C_ HO_~ > "_x K~_xH, WOH s~O qQ` q^#
K_xH H=#O` h~ K^. h~ `y#_ ~HO zH|_Òk. ~HO h\ Ò `y#_ "^_ ~H ~}
K~Q JO^^. "^_H} iQ h~ JO^#O^= "q H u~Q_O, `_O, H ~ H=_O, `k=Q
J=_O, =_^| `ye _=_O, $ `_O "IIq [OQ Z= =Ok =O\~. (W Z=iH<fl = _ _+<
J< =_^| `yeO^< JO@ LO\~). W [iy#_ Mm h~# JOk iÒk. h~ K#O^= WO\q =x
èH ZO` =Ok "q HO << `## J#q LO\~. =x+ "q HO `Q=#O` h\x, `Q =#
=O `y` "q HO JOîH '"<fl LO@O^ ` "_Q LO_^.
"q h~ Z `Qe
"q HO JOîH Z=Q Ô "O@Ok. "q Ô H LÔ "~Q LO@Ok. s~O L#fl h~
K=@ ~O |@ Z=Q ` LO@Ok H|\ P ~O ìy# h\x uiy JOk=fi=x ^x J~O. J JOk
s~Ox h\ x+u ~HO, H}, H} |@ ZC_ `QO_ H_O@Ok. =#O `y# h~ "O@< ~HO xH
"o D J=~# f~Qey` "q s~O ^|u#^. =#O `y# h~ ~HOxH "O_ @< ~O_ =_ QO@
LO_` P h\ =# s~xH O LO_^. ^x =# Ô f~^. U W|O^ ~O_ PQ=.
=#O `Q =Ozh~ `fi~Q ~HOxH "o Ô ^ s~=~ f~O> =#O @ MmQ L#flC_ h\x `Qe.
W `y` @xH "o# h~, 15, 20 xII ~HO xH "Òk. J ~HO x h~ "Q H} Ki "\ J=~#
f~Òk. JQ K~xH _ "O@< JO^Òk. J^ g~ h\x @ U^< P~O L#flC_ `y` P h~ P~O
JiQ =~ @< LO@Ok. P~O` @ JO> =~ ~O_ =_ QO@ @ D h~ s~ J=~ f~_xH
"^. W h~ `y` ZO_HO =K W|O^ ==Q< =~. L^~} =# Ô "#C_ q L#fl
h~ ^xfl f~^. qx `qfi ^xfl f~H=_xH K =O _Òk. P ~H"# h\ =# O #>P~O`
`y# h~ = _ "q HO Ug [#O LO_^. "qx ~Q Q_O> W_ K qÔQ h\x `y`
=Ozk.
h\x `Q q^#O :
1)
LÔ x^z# ^Q~#O_ \< u< 2.53 b@~ h~# `Q_O ==. U H"< D ~HOQ `y# h~
s~xfl kK_xH `xi.
2)
\< u#fl ~O_ QO@ `~"` J~ b@~ h~ `Qe.
3)
WOH J~QO@ Q_KH WOH J~b@~ h~ `Qe.
4)
W [<xH J~QO@ =O^ =~ JOKOKQ Z= ~ Z= h\x `Qe. W `y` =~ 1.52
b@~ =~ J=`~. W `y# h~ LÔ 11 QO@ #O_ =^flO 3 QO@ =~ (j`HO, KeHO)
s~xfl ZO_#O_ H_` =Ò Q =K@ KOk. J^ ==Q J~` \< u#fl ~O_ QO@#O_,
[<xH J~QO@ =O^ =~ 1 b@~, XH\ ^ ~O_ ^Q `Q`=. W 11 QOII #O_ 3 QO@ =~
Q ZO_ xK L<fl ^ u~Q` L<fl WOH Z= h~ _ `Q=K.
5)
=^flO [#O J~# ~O_ QO@ #O_ =~ h\x # `y# q^=Q< J~QO@ J~b@~ KC#
JOKOKQ Z= ~ (3, 4 ~) JO> 2 b@~ h\x `y` Jq OHO 6.307 QO@ =~ s~xfl
|@ _ ZO_ W|Ok ~O_ H_Q^.
6)
~u [#O J~# ~O_ QO@ #O_ Ke, =~H XH Q h~ `y` ~uH =Ò W|Ok =z x^
== =O^x J~Q =`" `Q=x K|`=. "qHO J~` D =O XH\ ^ ~O_ Q
h~ `y` s~xH =Ozk. =Ò ~^. x^ P@OHO LO_^.
7)
D q^=Q h~ `Q=# =O h |^, ~ Qx, =lQ Qx, _OH Qx JOkJO^
L#fl h~, P ~ r~O J =~ =# LQxH ~^. Jq `Q_O =# ZO_#O_ =# s~xfl "O@<
H_=.
ZO_HO s~xfl ZO_#O_ ~HOK_xH h\H h~ \ ` =i U W`~ ~Qh, =lQ Qh H|i h Qx
\~=. qQ`H ^ ZO_ uiy#_ h|^ =^flO s~=~# f~_xH "~ q Uq "_< JO` #+= O_^
Hx, "qHO =Ò h~ JOk Jxfl q^ O LO@O^x QOz, J `y s~xfl W|O^ KO_
LOKO\~x Pt< fl#.
h\` zH`
=#O W\=~ h~# fO> =K xfl `#fl> h\x H LyOKO@ ZO\ e`#
O^=K Ò^=. x` rqÒ ZC_ U^ XH W|Ok =# WO\ Z=iH = LO@Ok. Y~x h\`
s~xH H K "Ô ^fi~ =K # `x J=~"#C_ PKiOK_O =Ozk. WC_ K h\ zH`
=# LO> " ` #+= #flk LO_^ , ~^. g WO\ L#fl "\` g~ èQ K H`Qq <# è* `flO K#.
h\` zH` ~O_ ~H. "_ h\` K zH`, Kx h\` K zH`. D ~O_ ~H zH` K LO> U
W|O^ Z `Q`~, Z Ke J#flk XHH ^x QiOz q=~OQ Ò^=. h\` xO_#fl s~xH
h\` K zH` x[OQ Qq. =O^Q K^<xH, "K^<xH s~O Uq^=Q OkO^ Ò^=.
Kx h\ ^~O : K~xH ~O_ ~H fiH~ Q} (i~) L<fl~. "_x fiHiOK Q}O =i Kex fiHiOK
Q}O. "~ "~ Q "_x èq, Kex è i~ "~ "~ OY LO\~. "Ò g^ "_x fiHiOK "\ HO>
K^ < xfl fiHiOK i~ 15 Ò Z=Q LO\~. K~ O L#fl LQ`# è H} #~ ^fi~ "^_ OH `#
JOk~. K^<xfl fiHiOKq K~O JkHOQ L#fl =# "\ ^fi~ Lù J H~O@O\ H Z=Q LO@Ok.
P H "^_x ^= K~Òk. JH_ s~ LQ`# xOuOK QO LO@Ok. Kx h\` K~xH zH`
K@C_ [iQ =~# Q=xÔ. K~O L#fl ~HO H~}OQ K~O "_Q LO@Ok. K~xfl Kx h\` `_#C_,
K~O L#fl ~HO K^<xH Qi J~ HkQ K|_Òk. K^#O ^fi~ L`#fl= H~O@O\ H =i HkQ
K|_ ~HO ~O_ He LQ`# xOuOK QxH K~O\~. P K^#O #O_ s~xfl H__O H~ "^_x
QO #~ ==#, Kex Z^~=_xH Ô KOk. "O@< JH_ #O_ WOH K^#O K~xH ~QO_ H__xH
uflOk. =#O K~xfl `__O ~OaOz# ^Q~#O_ J~x=+= < "^_#O_ OH` #~ ^fi~
K~xH K~O\~. J\#O_ K^#O ^fi~ K~O ^|u#O_ Z^~O@Ok.
1.
K^<xH K~O aQHx ~ K~ i=}O HkQ `QÒk.
2.
K~O ~, ^=# (P~s"<) ~O_ He K@ ~H< =Hx `~. K~xH WOH ~H~}
[~QO_ K_xH D q^"# <flQO "^_x QO K_Òk.
3.
`_z # ^Q~ K~x#fl H "# ~H< _ =Hx~, P QO K~xH ~H ~ }
[~Q O_ PyÒk.
~H~} P QxH PQ_O =# K~x#fl K^#O ~HxH K~^. J\#O_ =# Ke JxOK^.
=#O Khfl\` fl#O K@C_ =O^ ~O_ =_ KO| #flC_ KeQ LO@Ok. =O^ #fl P
h\ =# K~O L#fl ~HO HkQ K|_@O =# J JxOk. <Q= KO| H<@\H "^_ #O_ P[
K~xH =z K~`~. # KC#fl =_ ~H =~ K~O "O@< [~Q`~. JO^=< =# <Q, J~^
KO| <@\H Ke JxOKH=_xH # K# =_ =~ H~}O.
=O^ [iy# Kx K~ uK~Q F ~H"# ~# ^~O s~O q_^ J=Òk. P ~# ^~O
H~}OQ =Hx~# ~H< (OHzOz#q) =~ "HzOz Z=Ò ~HO (=#\ HO>) ~H<xH,
Ju H"# ~H<xH "tOK_O [~QÒk. =O^ `_#C_ K~x#fl ~HO JO` "_O K~
(H<) J~`, Hk =O `~"` s~O #O_ Z= ~HO K~xH uiy ~=_xfl uK~ (iH<) JO\~.
WH_ K~ HO> uK~ Z=Q L#flk. =#O XH =@ JO> Z^\"~ =#efl ~O_ JO\~. =#O XH ^|" Z^\"~
=#efl ~O_ "~, J^#fl=@ J H^. =#O K#> =# s~O _ Z= ~Hxfl K~xH O#flk. K|_ K~xfl
"_ K_xH K~#fl Z= ~HO JO` Z= K~O< LO_Òk. JO^=< =#O Khfl\ fl#O K@C_
=^ #O_ s~O "Q "_H_O Q=x=. fl#O i JH s~O WOH "KQ L#fl@ JxOK_xH K~xH Ki
L#fl Z= ~H" H~}O. =# ^ [#O K# `~ "` fl#O K _^x K _O L#fl PO`~ O Uq@O> =#O u#fl
[<xfl r~O K_xH @ K~#fl ~HO JO` fl#O =# uiy K~xH Ki Z= LO_Òk. ^x=#
r~H PO J=Ò^x ^ iQ J=fi^x ^x J~O.
h\` K|i P QxH # KC#fl qÔQ ~H~} [~QÒk. K~O ZH_ K|i JH_ HO_, P H
s~ QO L#fl qQ` J=" _ ~H ~ }
Z=Q [~QÒk. s~O Q~# QO_, H_fl , Tiu` ,
"^_ , QO`, Q "II#q. P Kx zH` U H K P H L#fl J=" _ Z= ~H ~ }
[~QÒk.
Khfl\`
K zH` ^fi~ =#O s~Ox U QxH ~H ~ }
OKH"<fl J=H=O@Ok. s~H = K x "~OîH
K~xH, qQ` Q ~H~} K `=Q [~QÒ@Ok. JO^=< `= =< =e`#O =z#@,
Ug xK #@, J=" @ `C `#fl@ LO\~. =# s~Ox Jxfl J=", Q P~xfl "Hx" k,
=~ K_# "\ #O_ uiy q~H=" "Hx =Kk ~H~} (~H"). ~HO Qe, h~, P~O He }
LO\~. U QxH J~` ~H~} H=OQ LO_^ P QxH Qe (}H), h~, P~O iQ JO^=. Q
~H~} iQ x H~}OQ ~HO u~Q }O H} L#fl K_, q~H ^~# "Hx =K x _
H=OQ [~Q^. =#O =_ @ =Oz P~xfl u#fl\H, P P~O L#fl +H ^~ ~HO He#\H,
~H~} =O^H_Q (iQ H) Q"iH [#O `=Q LO@Ok. x KH< "iH u#flk HkQ J~< Jk
H} iQ K~Òk. JO^=< "iH ~Q `=Q =O\~. J"iH "~ =Oz +H~O u#fl\H Z=
~Q ~=_xH H~}O ~# "=O H ~H~} H=OQ [~Q#O^=. ~H~}# OK_xH U ~H"# =O^
=, xK=. JO^=< =OêK _H~ _ #_=O_, "=O KO_ Jx K_O. ~H~} O H~}OQ
s~O L#fl J=" x`#O Q ^|uO@Ok. =#O [<xfl i_ u#H` ZO` h~OQ LO\" JQ e
Q P~O iQ JO^H (~H~} H) H#OQ LO_ "\ x`<xfl HÒ\~. P H~}OQ =K ~Q# U
qÔQ x"~} K `Q`#flk PzOKe. @xO_ u#_O =O^ qOQ_O =~H =x+ Pz<fl_ Qh =z#
~QO iQ Q@H< `flO K_O ^. =#=*uH ~Q #O_ q=H ^~HH =_xH H~} W".
=# sfi, |+ s~xH ~H~} ^ ~O_ K_xH Hxfl ^`# PK~ ==~ Wq_,
"\x xÒ ^= ~O Q K =x K _O [iyOk. D H"iH J=hfl K^, =_# =HQ Hx < fl~. P ^`
#
PKiOK "ix qO`Q KC H< ~AK~. s~xH ~H ~ }
H~ "~ \# "\ =Y"# q, =_H@
Hx `_| @`
=O@, L^ O q, H= ^ #k Khfl\`
fl<, [<H =O^, `~ "` H H_ H=_O, |@#O_ WO\H
"@C_ H H_H=_O, HsH ^#~ `"~*=# H= ^ K~= fl<, `_ =# H K` O_
_O_ ~_O, JC_C_ QiO\ (O_Q ~ KCHx) @H=_O "II#q. P_"~ `fl#O K#
`~"` =#Q #HO^ #OKO_ Q_# ` =_@H=_O =# Z= =O K^#O `, "^_ JOk
~H~} Q [iQ J=HO LO_k. J @Hx [ ^Q~ ~=_O =# =# OÒQ, ~Q, xH_Q
^"~^# J#OQ LO_k. "@xflO\h ^~O KH< =#O D<_ _H~, ~Q ^Q~=`<fl=. S^
Y~ O_ P~QO =K q"# P~Q`# =x+ PKiOKH=_O JxflO\HO> ^~^$+H~"# q+O. DH
^" ~fi PK~ q=, [< Ug è^< Ke. "~ `Hx WO\q #fl Ka` "\ L QO,
J~O +OQ <@Òk. JC_ =[O WO\ =Oz J"@ O_ =O^ `~"iH JO^ qÔQ LO\~. JQ
Khfl\ fl< Z=Q K_O =# (~O_ =_ ~) =# sfi WOH =Oz [#O _ [iQk. Jk s~O
|~= ~QH=_O. g D =@ qO> P~OQ JxOk Q^! Kxh~ HO> |~= `Q_O Uq@x qO`Q
LO^? x[=O_, J^ $+ ~O. s~Ox ~HO Q~"KQ LO@Ok. Kx h~# =#O Q~"KQ KO> HO`
H~< Qh, QQh Y~ J=Òk. J^ =#O Kx h\` `~ fl#O K#flC_ K|_ K~#flO`\x "_ K_xH
(~Hx#fl "_=~) =#x H ^ Hs Y~ J=`~ (Q Q Y~). JO> =#O u#fl P~O ^fi~ =z# H ^
Hs D ~O Hxfl J^#OQ Y~ J=`~. `^fi~ sfi H H=fiQ =~ J=HO `=Q LO_k. JO^=<
H=, K~= J~QO@ fl#O K# `~"` Q PH= J=fi_Ox J ~O. x= L#fl H P =O
J~Òk H|\ =# "O@< Q PH=Òk. Z= =O h LO_ H~ (*~) #flQ LO@, Z=
P~O u#_xH H~}O J^. "_ h~ fl#O K ~HO "_H P h\ "_ iÒk H|\ s~Ox H Y~ J=fi=#
J=~O ^. =# ^ O_H` `fl#O K ~A ` qQ` Jxfl ~A _ Kx h\< K_O [iQk.
D ~A Kx h~ _^< "~ #\H 80 =Ok LO@<fl~. Jk ~# =@ H^. Kx h\H ^~O J=fi_=O> H$uH
^~O J~#>. Kx h\H s~xfl J"@ K, h\` zH` ^fi~ s~ ~H ~ }
, =Oz P~Q= =K qÔ Q è*"
H$u "Ôx zH`.
"_ h\ ^~O : Kx h\ ^fi~ s~O XH ~HOQ Ok, "_h\H s~O "~ qÔQ OkOk. KeH OHzOKH<
Q}O LO>, "_H "HzOKH< Q}O LO@Ok. K~xfl K|i =O^ OHzOKHx `~"` "HzOKHO@Ok Jx
WO` =O^ `H<flO. WC_ "_ _` K~O U==Ò^ KÔ. K~xH "_ `ye# "O@< P K~QOx
H"# ~H< =O^ "Hz~. ^x H~}OQ ~H< #O_ H"# ~H<xH Z= ~HO
"tOk. JO^=< HkQ He#C_ Qh, "_h~ Qh "_~ Qh g^_C_ P QO K~O Z~Q H=_O
=#O Q=x LO\=. # KC#fl =~ JC_ [~QÒk. =#O "_ U H# _` P H O|OkOz# e
J=" _ ~H~} =~ ~=_O [~QÒk. Z= =O ~HO P qÔQ "_ \# QxH ~=_O
[~QÒk. ~HO D qÔQ ~=_xfl K~ (H<) JO\~. "_ =#O \#O` ~H< "HzOKH< LO\~.
=z# ~HO "# "^ H|\ =# "_\# ^Q~ K=@ ~=_O ~O==Òk. H"# ~H<xH Z=
}H "tOK_O =# K=@ Z=Q _Òk. K~xH =z# ~HO "# "^ H|\ "_h\H uK~ (iH<)
LO_^. J^ Kx h\H~` K~, uK~ ~O_ LO\~. JO^=< "_h\H LQO `= LO@Ok. nx=# ZC_
"_h\` zH` K< `~"` P Qxfl Khfl\` =~ zH` K Qh P_^. ZO^=#O> "_H "HzOz#
~H< , HO_~ uiy OHzOKH"O> Kx h~# P QxH L yOKe. JC_ K^ < xH P QO OHzOKHx,
== ~H~} J=HO HQÒk. Kx h\H [iy#@ "_h\H ~H~} Q [~Q^. JO^=< "_h\
fl#O J~# `~"` =# Ke JxOk. "_h\ fl#O K"iH K~O _Q, ZO_~#@ `Q JxOk. "_h\x
"_#\H Hk KQ< =~ Kx h\` K_O ~OaOz, Kx h\`< fl#O P` ^x=# #+O LO_^.
fl#O D qÔQ KO> =# XCH^. "_h\x <Q KO| Hx `~"` Kx h~ "_O> =s KeQ
JxOk. J K= H|\ "_h\` ZO` ^~OQ LO> JO` =Oz^x =Ò =~=HO_.
1. Kx h\` ^fl#O : "_\ < ^ `\ Kx h\x e. =#O s ~x ~O_ ^#
yH =~ JO^ =Oz OKe. P qÔQ Kx h\ 12 #O_ 15 x= =~ H# LOKe. =^ =^
ZC_<fl H` h\x H^` LO_e. P >= J~# `~"` H# f k x= J@ W@ #_=_" ^
_Q_ \ "_ =K=~ ^# ~^_O =Ozk. ~H~}# =m "#H OOK_O H~ J Ke. JO`HO>
Z= =O h\ LOK~^. D Kx h\ ^fl#O =# `, Kf ~H Xu_ `QÒk. @, Tiu`
L QO` @ H J`fixfl `yO K_xH, H JiH@_ O , Q H x`<xfl "~QK _xH xH=O k.
JQ H uq~ ZH"iH, ~ èx "iHk [#Hi.
2. "_h\` ^fl#O : "_\ < Q~"K\ h\x JO^ ~O_ ^# =OKe. =_g^ HkQ
`_@O Qh, `_Q_Qh "e. <Q x= Q_z# `~"` h\ "_x =#O iOKQey#O` =~ OKH=K. P
qÔQ XH\ ~O_~ "_h\x HHO@ 10 #O_ 15 x= =~ ^# < LOKe. ^# f "#
`~"` < Kx h~ ~O_ x= JO^ LOK_O Ke. ^ 4, 5 KO| Kx h\` H#
H_H"e. "_ h\ ^fl#O =# QO_ |~=Q L#fl"iH, QO_ <Q L#fl"iH LQO HQÒk. ~O L#fl
"iH, QO` ~O L#fl "iH HiOk. H <C# `yOK_O H~ Q xH =Ok. x^ iQ @x "iH D
^fl#O K _HO> KH\ x^_Òk.
3. "_h\, Khfl\ ^fl< : ~O_ # H H< \e. XH ^x "_ h~, ~O_= ^x Kx h~
e. `g^ `_Q_ @Hx =O^ S^ x= "_h\ =Oz OKe. `~"` ^# "_h\ #O_ f XH
x=+= Kx < =Oz OKe. `~ "` =~ S^ x= "_h \ LOz, XH x=+O Kx h\ =OKe.
D qÔQ WOHHi Ke. D qÔQ =i =i K fl< =# H ~H~} Q [~QÒk. "_h\ \#
"O@< Hx ~HO JO` ^ K~O@Ok. Khfl\ =OK_O =# ^x ~HO JO` uiy HH "Òk.
D qÔQ H HO^ ~H~} Q [~Q_O =# =Hx ~# ~H< uiy Q J=HO LO@Ok. Q
uq~, =_= <C L#fl"iH K Q Q}xfl W=fiQ^. JQ ZC_ H K|_ "~ JO> H KQ
LO_"iH Wk K ^ "_Q J=`~. ~H Xu_ Z= J~ =K `<C, #~ O|OkOz =K `<C
nx^fi~ `Q=YO _`~. s~O J@Q L#flC_ ^xx `yOK_xH, x^@_xH, H h~ \#C_ h~
`Q_xH D q^#O Q xH =Ok.
4. KuH zH` : y<fl Kx h~ Z_= Kux Qu=~ JO^ =Oz 10 #O_ 15 xII =~ LOz`
QO_ ~H~} Q ~QÒk. QO_ ~Hxfl JOkOK H~#s P~s qÒ J~ Z= ~H~} QO_
JOkOz QO_ <C ~O_ H_Q^. J^ _Kux "_h\` H_O Qh, "_h\ Qh =OK_O K #k\ g^
"_H_O, K~O "_H_O [~QÒk.
5. H_ ("_ @_O ) : U QO < <fl ^ U QO ~H ~ } OKH"<fl D H_ L y~.
U QO ^Q~` =#O H_O @H"#O\", =O^ P QxH HkQ #=fi #<# =~< KH"e. P qÔQ
=~# 10 x= K_O =Ozk. =#O > "_ =# K~O ^|u#O_ LO__xH #<# ~O@<fl=. `~"`
=iyOz# h# y<flxH fHx, Q_x P h\ =Oz P h\x O_" , P Q_
H "_x =#O J##flK@ @H"e.
"_ h\ Q L<fl, JO^ "_ h\x Hx H_O @=K. H_xfl Z= "_` \#C_ 10 xII qOz @~^.
J^ Q~"Kx h\` J~` 1520 xII =~ @=K. H_O >@C_ =# =# H_O @H< QO g^ QflO
Ke. Hk HkQ `Q`#fl@ TOKe. HO_~, *~O@ < L#flC_ "_@_O =# P Q "_H qÒ
J~ aQ@_O, < Q `Q`~. Q~"Kx h\` Z= H_O @_O =# HO_~ <C Q ~Hx
HO_~ =` HQÒk. @ <, @ Q, Q "eu_O L#flC_ "_h\ H_O @g^ K
"_h ~# `y` Jq ~ O\~. @ g^ "_ @_O ^fi~ Qx Hê H `Q `
~. Qx r~k~# (QH
E) "_H_O `yOk. @ e=~ QO g^ "_H_ @_O ^fi~ e=~ ~H~} iy e=~ H xf~
"~Q=Òk. H, "H <C#fl "~ "_ @_O =# =O^ Hk L=#O LO@Ok. 10 xII qOz "_
@~^. =#O > "_ HxH Z= "^. D "_ H~}OQ Hx "_ `Q (W<\ Pi~ >O~K~)
J=H=O@Ok. `~"` "O@< H K\ `_Q_ K\e. nx^fi~ H "_ Q L`#fl==Òk. U QO
"_h\ H_xfl \#\H, P Qxfl `~"` Kx h\` Qh, Q_ Qh "e. P Kx Q_# 1015 xII =~
LOK=K. =## \"# OÒ LOz, JH_ [iQ =~# Q=x ~H~} Q [iQ qÔQ PzOKe.
6. `_H@ : <C#fl "~ =O^ H_O \# `~"` P QxH D `_H@ "e. "`x H@# Q_# Kx
h\` `_ P Qxfl D Q_\ ^ K\ # WOHH h\x Hx _Q_# K\"e. P `_H@g^ Qe P_O_

_Q_# K\"e. nx^fi~ P QxH ~H~} Q [~QÒk. [fi~O =z#C_ @ H_O O_ `_H@"
"O@< K=@ > J=HO LO@Ok. Ke`Q J=H=O@Ok. <C O_ H=O ~H~}# OK_xH` P QxH
`_Q_ "_O =# LQO LO@Ok. D qÔQ U QxH `_H@ " P QxH "O@< ~H~} [~QÒk.
1520 xII =~ LOK=K.
7. `\ fl< : WO^ =_, <Q ~H `\ fl< L<fl~. "_h\x, Kx h\x_ `\fl<xH
"_`~.
QO_x `\ Kx h~# JO^ H |@\ ~"e. `_^Q~ #O_ _QO =~ h\
=xyO_e. _ QO, `_ HO^ QO h\` `_=_^. s~Ox Z= QO ~HO =#O `\ `_#
QxH K~ O@Ok. `\ fl#O ^fi~ Z=Ò ~Hxfl ^ Q, Q~
xH, uH_ O J=HO HQÒk.
`\fl#O 1520 xII =~ K=K. `\fl#O K@C_ uH_ g^ Kux \ ~^` LO_e. nx^fi~ ~H~}
P Q K~ J=HO LO@Ok. ~yH iux, ~Qhfl |\ `\fl#O K~OK q^#O P^~_ LO@Ok. =YOQ
D `\ fl< K =Y"# [<# JOk~. Jxfl~H n~~Q# x"iOK_xH Wq J=~O . JQ H" `=,
=" # <_"^ , Q~ H "^ , |+ O|OkOz# "^ , H_fl O|OkOz# "^ , =OH ("),
Ô` rq`xH O|OkOz# , Q, =|^HO, r~HxH O|OkOz# "^, Hxfl `yOK_O H~ "^Q
Jxfl "^ D `\fl#O q^#O J^ÒQ xKQ^. u WO\ XH `\ `xiQ LO_e. JO` =Y"#k.
8. h\ Pqi : K=@ >"iH u ~E K=@ =~^~ |@` LO\~. K=@ @O_ K~O K_
^~ qye "iH h\ Pqi ^fi~ Q@=K. K~Ox =~^~#, LC# iQ |@ @@ K_xH
D h\ Pqi q^#O Q xH =Ok. "~xH, k ~A XHi == ~A _ @H=K. Pqi > q^#O
ÒÔ.
Pqi> =O^ s~O JO`@ #< =~< (#=fi #<) Q K~OKH=K. J=HO x "~ "~ K``
#<# ~H=_O =Ozk. =#O > "_h\ PqiH K~O ^| u#O_ D #< HiOKQ^. JnQH #< =~#
K_O ^fi~ K~xH ~H~} Q ~QÒk. =~# ^fi~ K~Ox H"# ~O^ `~KH< J=HO HÒk.
JO^=# K=@ Z= =~ ^~ |@ J=HO HÒk. Pqi > =O^ #< =~# =YO. Pqi
@H< =O^ ~O_ Q =Ozh~ `xiQ `Qe. =# s~Ox Z= h~ K=@~O |@ =_O
H~}OQ s~xH h~O =K J=HO LO@Ok (h~ `y). =O^ ~O_ =_ Q h~ `Q_O =# =# #O_
|@ =K K=@ #O =#O `Q h~ Ki =# W|Ok ~O_ KOk. Pqi >=O^ fH=# *Q`
"^\k h~ `Q_O J~`, ~O_=k =_g^ `__O, `_Q_ @H=_O K =Y"#k. nx=# `, "^_
~H~} `QO_ LO@Ok. `_# ^Q~ ~HO "Òk H|\ ` H=# ~HO JOk# `~"` qQ` ~HO JO`
K~xH K~O@Ok. ` `_H` "^_ "=# ~HO _ K~xH =z ` _"Q J=fi_" ^ H uiy
_=_" ^ Q h~O ~=_" [~Q=K.
H$u P= J~` Pqi @_xH XH > LO@Ok. JO^ ~x @H=K. =# WO\ _ Pqi @H<
q^#O LOk. =#O XO\H #< ~H<@C_ ~g^ ^ h aO^ ^ HQ h\x QO =~ =`# Q\Q
\ =iyOK `flO Ke. P aO^ J_Q Q "_ LO_, # =u z#flkQ L#fl^` Pqi @H=_xH èHQ
LO@Ok. h Q |_Q =K =~ =~Qx"fie. =iQ@C_ h\ "` q#|_e. JQ H~O@ ~ H~ L#fl"~`
^x` @H=K. JO^ h~ <Q=O` Q =~Qx"fie. `~" XH "H"e. JQ (_| H\
_+\) ~O_ =OK i_ ^ ~QO\ = ^\x ^Q~ @H"e. =~yOz# h\ aO^# ~g^ #O_ kO
=`` `~" @H"e. Pqi > =O^ |@# iQ f", g^ =O^ [iy ~x, H# "_Q
\, H =^ aO^# <g^ =`` > LOz @H"e. h `y, ` `_Hx, P qÔQ ~x ^\x
iQ HCH"e. ^\ =#O, , aO^ iQ Qe P_O_ ("`~ ~O_) H"|_ LO_e. JC_
aO^ =`# =O^ XH = =O` =`" (HkQ) H [~e. S^ x= Q_z# `~"` WOHkQ [~H"e.
=_=i iQ =`# f=K. ^ <Q=i =`# iQ f=K#. PY~ (iQ =` f# `~"`)
Qi> ^Q~Q @Hx ^x` h\ Hk` WOH Q Pqi =Ok. k #O_ W~" x= =O aO^x Pqi
iQ J=fi_O, =# Q K=@ @_ O [~QÒk. Pqi @ <@C_ ` ^\ LO_@O =#
O JxOK"~
Qh, Qe P__O ^x W|Ok _"~ Qh `# |@\, "_ =~ ^\ HCO> iÒk. J^ ~H~`
@H< "~ J~` aO^ #O Jk \, H~O@` h~ =~QÒ_Q< =#O Pqi @O@ LO_e. 1015 xII
Q_z# `~"` H~O@ H\" iÒk. Pqi @H=_O i J~# `~"` ^\x f", s~xfl QeH 5, 6
x= K=@ WOH x"fie. `~"` Kx h\` ` fl#O Ke. Z= h~ H=_O =Ozk.
H$u P=O > Pq~` Z= K=@ XH~* J=HO LO@Ok. ^x ^fi~ HkQ h~O JxOK=K.
JO^ _ èQ @HO> Z=iH h~O ~^. > ~x > Pqi J~` "~xH ~O_ ~A @H"e. WO\
@< Pqi J~` ~A =i ~A @H=K. nx ^fi~ h~O =K J=HO J ^.
Q=xH : h~OQ L#fl"~ Qh, a.. Q Z=Q L#fl"~ Qh, q~K<, "O` J=`#fl"~ Qh Pqi
@_^. JQ Q ~HO `= L#fl"~, QO_[|` ^_ "~ _H~ g^ Pqi @H"e.
Pqi >@C_ s~O =~ : h\ Pqi` s~O "_`#flC_, K~x#fl H"# ~H< `~KHx,
"\xH Z= }H "tOk. ^x` K=@ @_O ~OaOk. Pqi >@C_ == HO> _ QO_ ~Hxfl
Z=Q z=` LO@Ok. s~xfl "_K # C_ =# L^~ QO L#fl < OHzOKHx JO^ x= LO_ Z~~H H }
#
~HOxH q_^ KOk. JO^=# ~HOxH H`Q Z~~HH} =z H~. Pqi >@C_ \+, HO_~,
~H< K@ L#fl ^=O HO` =z ~HO HOk. g\ ^fi~ ~HOx K|_Òk.
P qÔQ Pqi >@C_ 1520 xII =O ~Hi=}O ~Q_O, ~HOx Z~~HH} H~}OQ fiH
`QÒk. ZC_` K~O "_ iyO^ JC_ HkQ a.. ~QÒk. K=@ @_O J<k "_x |\, "@eH ~@# |\,
s~O L#fl LC# |\, K=@ QO^# |\ P^~_ LO@Ok. WO\ > Pqi J~` J~b@~ #O_ b@~ =~
K=@ _`
, > \# Pqi b@~ #O_ b@~#fl~ K=@ _ Òk. s~O LC Q Z= L#fl"iH K=@
`=Q|_Òk. Pqi >@C_ > K=@ =~ 1020 Q= LC |@ =K J=HO LO@Ok. K=@ Q
Hi=_O =# iy# ~Hi=}O Pqi @_O i JiH uiy == K~O@Ok. Pqi @_O =# H_fl
^fi~ "=# LC, i K=@ ^fi~ J=HO HÒk. Pqi @_O ^fi~ H_fl LO_ Z_# QO^
qÒ J~ ~HOx Wfl# `yOK_xH Hi~. Pqi \# ^Q~ #O_ =_ ~A =~ ~HO W<
`Q` LO\~. W<e L#fl"iH Pqi K Q HiOKQ^. Pqi ^fi~ s~Ox ` h~ K=@ ^fi~
|@` LO>, =Oz h~ ^fi~ P `y# h\ `xfl JOk LO_e. K~= `h~# f" H`h~# \#@,
h\ Pqi ^fi~ =# s~xfl P qÔQ KH=K.
9. ~O, HxH zH` : = ~O \# C_, = ay#C_, # W|O^ L#fl"~, Q HO
\# "~, e ` =K"~ WC_ K zH` ~E, ~ O_ @ K O> K L= #= H` Ok.
=MxH =O^ H|i#< HkQ ~H"e. |H\ xO_Q "_h~ (iOK Qey#O` "_) \ `~" LOKHO_.
WC_ K ^xfl fl<xH "=O^ K iÒk. |@ f `~" z#fl@g^ ~O\~. =O^Q
|H\ "_h~# @O\~. ~O_ ^` xO_Q "_h~ fx =MxH Jkq @O\~. h\ "_ =
Q, # Q `Q` LO@Ok. P h~ Hi# "O@< =~ ^_ h~ \ =MxH @O\~. W
x=xH 1015 ^ h~ _` LO\~. W |H\ h\x iK `~"` Q~"Kx h\` fl#O K~. W K_O
=# "O@< =YO, QO` Q K ~Q LO@Ok.
10. H Q zH` : ^ H|i#< ~, ^# 15 xII @ ZO` "_ @Qey` JO` "_h\
^=~ =OK`~. D "_H ^ L#fl Q <#`~. 15 xII `~"` |@ f "`\ <<`Qh, "`\
|@ |+`Qh ^ Q=^ ~^`~. J ~k` P Q <x#k T_Òk. =s ~HO H~@@ ~^~^. ^
H ##flQ J=`~. ~îH _Q J=`~. ^ `_ `_z =~ H|i#< ~e. ki` "* (H) |@
"_` `fi~Q `Q`~. Mm H J~< WO\ "_=K. H "__O =# Ô ZC_ K=Q, "`Q LO__O =#
Q ~=. W ~E H Q `Q=~ K=K.
11. qH~ zH` : u#flk iQ J~Q#C_ Qh, Q ~ Z"#C_ Qh qH~OQ LO@ "Ou
J~` QO_ JxOz#C_, D û H~O "Ou KO> `fi~Q èH _`=. h\x Q~"KQ "_K 5, 6
Q h\x Q@Q\ PO_ @xO_ =~ `Qe. `Q@C_ "Ou =K@@ h\x Z=Q `Qe. " <\ \
JOQ\ J@ W@ H^` LO> qH~O iy "O@< "Ou J=Òk. =#O `y# h~ J~Qx P~xfl, xH~x
~# Hx "Ou _Òk. `Qh\ Hk LC# _ He `Q=K (J=~"`). `y#O^= #+= ^.
LCh\H WOH `fi~Q "Ou =Ok.
=#O W\=~ "_h\, Kx h\` ~H~H zH` `<fl=. H$u^"# s~xH W=hfl H$u zH`.
J=~" # C_ g\x WO\e n "_H=_O `C ^ . D ~H" # zH` # s~xH K# \H WOH L= #= HQH `
JC_ U^< "^ = fH=_O =Ozk. =# [fi~, ~O, ^Q, uq~, H Q, qH~, =_
<C, H Q_O, x^@H=_O, =OH, q~K#O ~HO _@O, |+ <C, "# W|O^, "_<C,
H<C "II#q W|O^Q Hey#_ "\#O_ L=#= O^_xH # K# ~H~H h\ zH`# g WO\
"_O\~x è*<fl#. 5, 6 b@~ h\x `Q` ^x` @ P~ x=# \, H h\ zH`
KO@ LO> Z= Ò ~Q# iQ s~O #O_ Q@=K. P~QO J<k iQ JOk`< =# P#OÔ
HQÒk. g~ i P~Qxfl JO^< `flO K~x q<fl#.
h\=#
h\x J=$Ò Jx =# ^ JO\~. J=$Ò `y` ^=`Q K=@H O_ LO_=K Jx JO\~.
=# K=@H Py` D =*xH K W|Ok. JO` O =^ Qh =# |uH#<fl [| ~O_, O_
LO> KHÔ_! JO`HO> =# H=O^=Ok. h\x `y` s~Ox Jxfl Q, Jxfl H} H+~`",
~H~} Q [~Q` èQ LO\~. H=O h\`< Jxfl [| iQ =. Hxfl~H [| (h\x `=
`y#O^= =K [|) iQ `~. =iHxfl QxH Q `Q`~. HxflO\ q+O L=#O HQÒk.
WOHxfl ~Q q+O Ug [#O HxOKH =K#. h\x 5, 6 b@~ `Q_O J<k =# ^`. eÒ J^ =Ok.
g~ `Q` LO_O_. U^<fl eÒ J##fl qÔQ ~Ô> <# =<# Jx J#HO_. =< =#H #+=. u^xH
XH ik J<k LO@Ok. h\ ^fi~ ~=#q ^x ikxH =K e` =~.
h `y` Wxfl =x < =O^ 5, 6 b@~ `y#<_ è^. <xC_ 9 OIIQ Wxfl h `Q`,
Wxfl OIIQ Z<fl " =Ok K` `yOK_O [iyOk. "~O^~ He#_, L`~ ^fi~<, #< D h\ ^fi~ WO`
xfl O^#x K|` LO>, P~O` q^=Q e` LO@<fl~. <xC_ < 15 ~A ~RO qq^
O` D H$u q^<xfl, h\ ^~# è*_xH "` OQ W<fl#. P 15 ~A < OQ
=~ (25,000) W~" J~^ "=Ok =~ [~=` L<fl~. <# K Z<fl P~Q ~ D h\ ^~O XH\.
JxflO\HO> èH#k, Y~xk, W|Ok xk, "O@< PKiOK`Qk h\ ^~O. J qx D h\ ^~xfl Z<fl "=Ok
~RO PKi< fl~ . <# D h\g^ H O " =O^, O Q XH K# K#. Z=~`
h\x 5, 6 b@~
~E `Q` L<fl~, "iH h\=# Hey# [< =z LO>, Jq Uq\, Zxfl ~A =z#q, ZO`HO #O_ L#fl
W|O^q, h~ `Q q+O Ja# @~ ^fi~ < "O@< O=x H~#. Z<fl =O^ L`~#, h\^fi~
Ok# # è* "~. J=hfl K^=` LO> ZO` P#OÔ. =x+H h~ `y`< Wxfl = Jx
P~O HQ`#flk. P L`~ Jhfl Kkq# `~"` < D h\ ^~xfl Jxfl Q=, @} " \, O\
", Q_ g^ " K~O K QO_ Jx JxOzOk.
Hh [ J TiH qx `Q`~ JO> `Q~. J#=< Z= = LO\~. D ""xfl [O^~
`< ~A =Ok. J\=~ HhO H Kkq#"~, L< q#fl"~ `y` K. h\x `Q_O ^fi~ U
[| Z, ZO`HO `y# q J<k <# KHO> `y# "~ fi=Q J#q Oz#k Ka` g WOH Q ` O@O^x
ZO^~ "# L`~ HxflO\x g =O^ LOK`<fl#. g~ ^Q "~O^~ "# J#"# Kkq, "iQ D
h\^~xfl PKiOz P~Qxfl Q KO\~x Pt<fl#.
1)
a.. HO`=~ `QÒk : >#< ^fi~ a.. =z# "iH h~ `y#O^= P a.. =~ ~H=K.
s~O LC ~H< Q_ ~Hx ~H< OHK, "HK# _KOk. LC =#, h~ `=Q
`y#O^=# ~HO zH|_` LO@Ok. P zHQ L#fl ~Hxfl, Q\Q L#fl ~H< ^fi~ z=O> QO_ =iO`
Xu_Q xK= =Ok. ^x` a.. ~Q` LO@Ok. h~ 5, 6 b@~ ~E `y` s~O x= L#fl LC,
~H< Q_ @#fl LC JO` Hiy ~H< "`|_`~. h~ Z= `Q_O =# ~HO K|_ a..
`QÒk. JOîH L#fl a.. =O^ J=~O O_ `y^. P~O LC `xfl |\ _ eÒ LO@Ok.
h~ `y#O^ 140/90 L#fl a.. 120/80 H K =OkH `Q`#flk. =O^ "_< <~ ~x "iH, h\ ^~O
=# =O^` W_ <~H =Ok. h `QK<fl= H^ Jx a..H "_ =O^ ~ =<HO_. _H~
=O^# `yOKH"e. a.. x "iH Ò^~Q a.. ~QO_ h~ H_Q^. 5, 6 b@~ h~ `y`
a.. HO` `QÒk. `= W|Ok L#fl "iH iQ Òk.
h `y` a.. `yOk

H$u _H~ =O`# `<~}~A Q~ =~ 15 <Q `} =z H$u "Ô QiOz [
è*K<fl~. = 8 < H`" è#k. J\ #O_ u < L< H~H==# "K<fl#. _H~ Q~
K P~Q `= h\ =Y` XH\. <# 8 < #O_ u ~A _H~ Q~ K#@Q 5 b@~ h~ `QK<fl#.
h~ `Q_O "^ \# \#O_ < P~QO K QOk. q~K#= K Q ~A 2, 3 ~ J=Òk. 4 O=`~=
#O_ < a..160/100 LO\Ok. 5 b@~ h~ `y "^ \# \ #O_ 15 ~A <~ =KOk. s~=x z#fl
z#fl W|O^ _ `y ~#q. `~K ` < = LO_k. h~ `Q_O =# Jk _ `y#k.
WO` =O^ H, \ u ~E `Q "=. h~ `Q_O "^ \H P ~A #O_ H, \ =<=. J~<
Uq W|Ok JxOK_O ^. = "~, <# W^~= u~A 5 b@~ =Ozh~ `y K =Oz e`xfl O^`<fl=.
_H~Q~ K#@Q =x+H h~ ZO` J=~" JO^~ QiOz `= `= P~Q# H_HO\~x Pt<fl#.
J}=}=< fi~O` xO_#fl D ~A Uq PtOKO_ xfi~OQ, ZO` FH`, z~#=fi` _H~Q~ K
=^#= [ ZO`Q< LQ_`<fl~. < ^$+ HxOKx ^=O # ZH_ LO>, =# JOîH HxOK ^=O
_H~ =O`# `<~} ~AQ~. P# QiOz ZO` K< `=Q< LO@Ok. _H~ Q~ ~zOz# H=
Kkq, P~Q=# Z H_H" =#" x~~OKH=K. h~ Z= `y` =Oz^x q<fl=Hh, WO` q=Q
s~xH h~ U q^=Q LQ", ZO` h~ J=~" q=iOz# "~ ~. 5 b@~ h~ `y` =|^H= J<k
îK~^x |A= J=Òk. H$u ^"# P~= uO@, h~ 5, 6 b@~ `y` _H~Q~ K#@Q J<~Q=#
^~OQ LO_=K J<k J#== ^fi~ Ò@<fl=. _H~ Qi #=~=.
Ji *`
W/o. Ji `~=~A
" O, `}, IIQII l.
2.
a.. iQ Òk : 5, 6 b@~ `y` 4, 5 ~A H u~Q_O, a.. `y=_O O\ e` =~.

a..H h~ i =O^. H=O h~ `y =`" D W|Okx Q@H=K. h~ `= `Q "iH a..
=O\~. LC Z= uO@ h~ `=Q `y` ZO`H"< a.. #O_ |@ _=. h\x `=
`Q_O =# ~HO h\ Xu_ `Q` LO@Ok. ~HO h\ =u_ `y#_ QO_ iQ ~Hxfl z=^. P ~H=
"^_ iQ XHi JO^#_ "O@< H u~Q_O, _=_O [~Q` LO@Ok. ZO` HO LC Z= u<fl
D W|Ok #O_ |@_H `<fl~. U H~}O K` Hx=fiO_. =# `Q_O H"e. "~ _H~ WOHH H~}O
K=K. h\x 5,6 b@~ `Q`, u~E ` fl#O Khfl` K LO> a.. W|Ok `Q`#flk. Z_<fl
h~OQh, H u~Q_O Qh LO> H|ih `Q_O =Ozk.
h\`< a.. `yOk

< ~ ~^. = 38 OII. < 10, 12 OIIQ a.. L#flk. p\H =\H h~O Q LO_k. U x K<
Ò^~Q J` LO_^xfl. ~O_ HÒ _H~ Qi H Kkq h `Q_O "^\#. h `Q_O
J"># Hxfl ~AH LC "_@O _ =x"#. "^\ LC =< < fl# H^! J < a.. LOk, WOH
h~_`<"#x _#. J~< #=HOQ ~E 5 b@~ h `Q_O, LC O_ u#_O HO\# K#.
`~"` < a.. qb _H~Qi` KH K~OKO> 100/70 LOk. Wk=~ h~O =z#C_ KOK#flC_
90/60 LO@ LO_k. ~C_ a.. 100/70 H =KH < J h~O J<k ^. D ~O_ #O_ < a.. _#
J=fi_O [~Q^. ~C_ sH K~OKO> 110/70 _ =Ok. nxx |\ LC =<< < a.. `QO_
LO_\xH H~}O _H~ Q~ K#@Q h =`" Jx èOk. JO^K`< P~ J"@#, h\^~xfl
rqÒÒ q_z@O_ \OKx x~OK<fl#. _H~ QiH H$`[``....
A.
~^,
C/o.A. ~<},
Q~O gk, #~~O.

3) `<C K =~ `Q`<fl~ : `<C` = ^Q~ =K "i #\H 60 =OkH H=O h~ `Q_O
K`< `Q`#flk. qQ` "iH h\` @ P~ x=, Jxfl x= \ Hx `Q_O ^. r~H= ^
=H= L#fl ^ Z=Q `<C =O\~. h# Q `Q`, u~E Khfl `fl#O K
LO> 10, 15 ~A< `<C iQ `<fl~. h\x =# û H~O `Q_O =# Yq~K#O J=_O =#,
u<@C_ h\x `Q#O^= r~H= èQ LO@Ok. ^x` K=Ok `<C U=O^ O_ iQ
`<fl~. `<C ~=_xH 10, 12 H~}<fl~. ~HO ` =Q LO_@O, ~HO zHQ LO_@O, h~ ` =Q=_O,
` ~H< #fly_O, >#<H K_ ~< T~_O W WOH U H~}O K`<< ~=K. h~ JxflO\#
ZO` HO` =~# fHx =#flk. =YOQ r~HO Q_@O K`< Z= `<C `<fl~.
"Q< =@=O
P~Q Ja=#OîH < #=~.
<# 20 O=`~=Q "Q< `<` ^_K<fl#. `< K qsÒQ =Kk. Q=O`x ^=#
`<~}~A Qi` iKO U~_ =_ O=`~ HÒ L" ^~xfl \OK#. J\ #Oz < `<
~=@O ^. J\#Oz <# ~AQ~ K#@Q Jxfl x= \OKH~<#. J~< 5 b@~ h =Ò
=_ O=`~ XH~A _ =#^. XH~A 6,7 b@~ _ `QK<fl#.
~#=~, }=O K < fl#. 50% P~ x= \ < fl#. `< `y# k. W\=~ _H~
^Q~ "=# J=~O ~^. P~QO K QO@#flk. D P~O < =#x OÒQ LOK`#flk. Ò
= WO\x "~ JO^~ h `QK<fl~. D h `Q@O =# J~Q^ Q#flk. L^<fl 2,3 b@~ `Q@O
=# q~K#O K Q J=Òk. K^=< _ LÔ h~ `Q@O, }=O K@O =# PHe
iyOk. `< `yOk. W h~ `Q@O =# = |O^= JOî P~Q# =Oz =~ =z#k. _II ~AQ~
K# P~ J"@# ZO` =~ \ JO` ~\O e`xfl O^QQK<fl=. P# =#HOîH Q=O`_

Wz# =~O. P# = ^# "^.
^@ L~},
`_e Q_O, < : 21688
h\`< ~fi < ~#k
_H~ Qi #=~=
<# =# ~+ ~H}
== xK K<fl#. g H = # QiOz = "_" Q~ K , "=O` PKi< fl=, g
#z` g~ _ PKiOz K_O_ Jx K<~. =O^Q g~ "# H Kk"#. JO^ "# q+ ""xH
K ^Q~Q, ZO` J^ÒQ L<fl~. <# Ò =Oz h~ =`" g~ K# qÔQ H=O Ò_ `Q`<fl#.
<# K O=`~ #O_ ~fi <` ^_`<fl#. h~ `Q_O "^ \# `~fi` ~fi < iQ `yOk.
XH h~ `Q_O =# WO` =Oz e`= Ok#O^ < ZO` P#OÔQ =#flk. u~E s~O =#fl =~= HO
~O |@ =K#flk. < @ Wk=~ K =O^=Q (@HO> îQ) =O_k. W_ KQ =Ok JO>
H=fi `y~O^x `#flk. JQ q~K#= W|Ok O_ K Q J=`#flk. XH ~A =Ozh~ `y#xfl `QH`
=`= ~OQ, "# =Ok. q~K#= _ =~ =Ok. H|\ s~xH g~ K# qÔQ 5 b@~ h~ u ~E
J=~=Ò^x J#=~fiH=Q Òk. JO^=# <# H=O Ò_ h `QK<fl#. WH #O_ "Hu#
q`#= LÔ fHO@, LCx P~O g~ K# qÔQ fHx i P~Qxfl O^x J#HO@<fl#. WO\
=Oz H "# g < Ja#O^#.
S.K.
^,
~_Q_O, QO@~.
4)
=|^HO #O_ i x"~} : h~ `= `y#O^= =O Q\_ ZO_~ Q @Hx Òk.

^x` Q [~QH Z= |^HO = LO@Ok. =Oz P~O u#fl\H ~# h~ H` q~K#O Q
J=fi^. =O "`Q Q JO@HO_ Z\ HC_ [~QO> h\x Q `Q_". h\x 5, 6 b@~ `Q_O
=# 100H 90 =OkH =|^HO ~ Yq~K#O J=K#flk. h\x =#O KC#fl û `Q_O J<k =|^Hxfl
Q@_xH K ^Ô K#flk. XH~ @xO_ h\x `y, =# \ PzOz, Q =O HkH ^_H
"_O J<k JOîH ZO`Q< Hi#flk. ~g^ ~ Z~ `y`, ~ y<fl JO@ =_" ^
=_=_" [~QK#flk. =# _ h~ `y` =O JQ J=`#flk. h\x Z=Q `Q_O =Oz^x !
5)
x^ @_O : x^ @H =_xH H~}<HO LO\~. =YOQ =|^HO, r~HO ^, `H ~H ~}
iQ [~QH =_O, >#<, a.. "IIq Z= W|Okx Hey =O\~. H~} =# x^@H =_=<k
= h\x `Q_O = P H~} x"iO|_@O ^fi~ x^_Òk. h~ `Q_O =# u~E Y q~K#
==fi_O =# X èH K=OkH ~Q x^ _Òk.
=|^HO ~OkYx^ _Òk
< 13,14 U = #O_ =|^HO LO_k. ~O_ ~AH XHi q~K#O Jk. J_ < JO` |"
JxOKk H^. ~ QflO\Q _H~x H#_ < J "+< Q J=fi^x, ~E q~K#O J@Q \\
"=fiO_x J_Q#. P~ Z=Q uO> q~K#= Q J=Ò^x Ka` JQ J<fl#. J~< _ ^.
H_O` Q\Q, J_ u#fl@Q LO_k. ^# uO> ~uH J PHe "k H^. K =~ ~u u<^xfl Q^.
JQ u#O_ LO>< H_ èHQ LO_k. ^# z# `_^ H_ MmQ, èHQ, PHeQ LO> =O_^x JxOKk.
Hx H_O` Q\Q LO_, PHe "O_ K JhrQ =O_k. =` "O> Q\Q, LO_Q q~K#O Jk.
H_O` La Q ~ Jk. <HÒ =~ <# WO\ iu< =<fl#. W_ < 41 O=`~. <
f~E f="# `<. nxH`_ x^ @^ . 18 O=`~ |\ z`=^# J#q < fl#. K =Ok +e #,
qu, P~fiÔ "^# _ He#. e`= =Ò ^. WO`=Ok _H~x He< D `<x #=
Kx g K^= Uq@x _H~ g^ qQ, H= _ =Kq. < q~K#O Q J@ K=x, x^ >@Q
K=x, xÔ>< `< #Oz ibQ LO@O^x f _H~ ^Q~ K^xfl. H\ "z# Qb H~ "_#xfl
~A, 24 QO@ x^`\ `< HOK= `y#@Q JxOKk. P `~fi` P Qb xKH, W@ L#fl x^_ ~,
`"~ x^@H qs`"# `<` K J=_#. WO`HO> z`=^ WOHq LO_^". < [|x QiOz gHÔ`
ZO^ "<fl# JO> =# ~Q x~#H hH, q~K<xH K =~ O|O^= L#fl^< q+= +==`#fl^x,
< J#= = ^fi~ K QQ`<fl#.
_H~ ~AQ~ ~zOz# 'i~ P~QxH H$u r=# q^#=J< z#fl H= Kkq 242001 `n #O_ h
`Q@O ~OaOK#. "^\ ^<fl h `Q@O JO> K H+O JxOKk. "~O ~AiH 5 b@~ h~ `Q@O
J"@~Ok. h~ `y# =_= ~A #O_ ~AH 2,3 ~ q~K#O Q J=Òk. x^z# "O@< h~ `y# k
xq XHi J=Òk. QO@ `~fi` h~ `y<H XHi, OÒ 6 QO@ h~ `QH =~Hi q~K#O Q
J=Òk. Q\^#O ~ H_ èHQ LOk, PHe QQ JQK#flk. _H~ Q~ K# q^=Q @ MmQ L#fl_
H_ xO_ h `QK<fl#. JxflO\H<fl =YOQ Z<fl U |\ x^q` J=, z`=^# J#q#fl < W_
ZO` =Oz x^ _ÒÔ> H =x _O> K ~Q x^_Òk. Wk Q J#uQ, ^=_ Wz#
Q =~OQ q P#O^xfl, O`xfl J#q<fl#. U^ ==Q K^= J#fl@Q h~ `Q`#fl <#, WO`
J^`=Q eÒ LO@O^x J TOK^. WO`\ P#O^xH H~~# _H~ Qix H"x, "i #
\Oz qQ` = `yOKH"x, "i ^Q~ 1942001 `n# " _O [iy#k. "~ "# H Kkq, P
qÔQ Hxfl \OK_O ^fi~ =_ ~A< `< `y#k. Z@=O\ =O^ _ WO` Ò^~Q xK=. WO`\
J^` e`#, P~Qxfl U=O^ O_ H$u q^#O \, ~E 5,6 b@~ h~ H=û `y` O^=K#x
Ka` Z=~ #=~. W@=O\ #=x x*xfl J#qOz` Qx J~= Q^. =#x ~Q x~# "^@, û
H~OQ 5, 6 b@~ h~ `y Q 2,3 ~ q~K#O J=Ò> ~Q x~# H~H=O "^=Ò^x J=Q#
J~Ok. WO` =O^ >= H~O U h iQ KxOKk H^. h~=, |^HOQ JxOKk. D h `Q@=,
Q q~K#O J=_O =, s~O K L`=, K~^#= =zOk.
<\ =[O J<~QO, =O^ = JO@ uXH~ _H~ K@ u~Q`<fl~. "" _| @_"
Qx, ZO`=Ok i P~Qxfl O^QQ`<fl~? =#x ~Qx~# U =O^ J=~O O_, ~Qx~^H Hx
OOkOz O~ P~Q= H"#HO>, <\ J<~Q =*xH H$u r=# q^#" i# =~= Jx Q_OQ
#=`<fl#. D qÔ Q h~ `Q@O = HeQ "#, H$ u r=# q^#=# < è# "~OîH _ K K<fl#.
K=Ok h~ `Q@O "^ \<~.
rqÒÒ =#= `^x JOuQ |``#fl < P~Qxfl, =#Oux HQK, WO`\ J^$xfl <
HQK# _H~ =O`# `<~}~A QiH rqÒ`= |}_ LO\#. _H~ Q~ =*xfl H$u r=# ^`
^fi~, `= J#"# [HOkOz P~Q=OÒ KQ~x Pt = fO@<fl#.
N.
=i,
K#fl@ , |K#fl@ =O_O,

=~OQ l.
6)
7)
8)
KHx PHe _Òk : q~K#O Q J=fix "iH PHe `=Q LO@Ok. `= PHe` J HO` HHO
K U^H\ uO@ LO\~. Ô` HO` HxH iQ PHe `yÒk. =xfl Q@ HO_ PHeH ZO`
HO =O^ "_< O LO_^. # K#@ h\x Q `Q_O =# =|^HO Òk. Ô` HO` PHe
_Òk. h\x `= `Q"iH, P~xfl JiyOK_xH T~ r~k~ h~ KH `=Q T~`~. Jq
`=Q LO> 'PHe =OÔ =Ok h~ 5, 6 b@~ `Q_O ^fi~ KHQ r~k~ `~=fi_O Q q~K#O
J=fi_O =# PHe =O^ ~ r~H "~QÒk.
H_ =O@ `Q`~ : h\x Z=Q `Q_O =# =K e` xflO\ =O^Q H_ =O@ K
=OkH 2, 3 ~A< iQ `<fl~. =iHO`=OkH OHxH =~ =#fl@ K|`<fl~. H_
_ Z=Q Z_ _` J_ Ti, =O@# Hey LO\~. h~ _ q~Q_Q, =O^ "xfl
"\ KÒk. [#O J~# ~O_ QO@ `~"` h\x `Q_O =# @ P~O JiQH =K =O@ ~=.
J_ =K _# h~ KQ K "Ok. =#O =_ @ `Qh~, _ Q =O KO_
KQ K LO@Ok. Z_\H Q~"Kx h~ `Q_O =Ozk. H_ =O@ "O@< `QO> 5, 6 b@~ h~
Q~"KQ `Q_O =s =Ozk.
Q @| : r~HO iQ x Kx "iH, =|^HO L#fl "iH Q Z=Q `~=Òk. x==#fl
=^~O #O_ xH~"# Hi Z=Q \ ~H~H Q# q_^ K LO\~. P Q =|^HO =
HO^H =_xH Z= J=HO LO_^. @x J~Qx P~O #O_ _ Q _` LO@Ok. D ~O_~H#
Q` @ L|~O =Ok. h~ Z= `Q_O =# J@ =|^HO Òk. u<@_ h~ `QH=_O =#
P~O Q r~==Òk. D ~O_ ~H =~ h\ ^fi~ ~=_O` Q@| `QÒk.
H_|~O `yOk
"# ` <~}~A QiH $^ ~fiH #=~=` "#k. <# g J="# L<= ^fi~
~O|_# "_<, "@"^\iQ g~ è# H~O P~ b@~ h\x ~E fH=@O J"@ KHx =Oz
e `=# Ok<#.
< H= `y#k. H_|~O iQ `y#k. èHQ r~= J~#@ J#u HQK#flk. WO` =O^
y L#fl @W_ ~ JO^ qH~xfl Q@HO\x.x^ z# ^ "^@ q_` `Q 11/2 b@~ h~`
Q =Oz Xu_ Hey q~K#O HOKO Q\Q qiO|_ `#flk. `~"` q_` 11/2 b@~ h~` q~K#= Qh~
Q# qiO|_ == èH JQK#flk. Wk =~ L#fl Q ~+< Qx, Z_\ Qx, e`# Qx W_
J=Ò =.
g\H `_ OH= QOII 630 < ~u [#O fH# K<fl#. ^x =# [#O =iO` èHQ r~=
J~ ZO` L=Q L`=Q LO_, |^H= =ke#k. i#s W<H< _ =@=O J~#k. Ò qQ`
x== \OK@, LC# iQ =x" @ `fl= K K<fl#. g~ K H$ u r=# q^#Ox Hxfl
x=#, =YOQ h\ ^~xfl PKi< < Wxfl =Oz =~ Hey P~Qxfl O^Qey#_ WH 100 Ò g~
K H$u ^~# PKi ZO` " [~QÒ^ < T JO^@O ^.
< D J#=O ^fi~ < Z_\, H_|~O "^Q =#fl "~O^~ g H P~Q O^#flO^Hx
[#O O^Q~x =# iQ qfi<fl#.
D.
J~=,
D 1 \
, _~ <O. 1912/3,
~~" J~"O\, H~1,
Z".q.. Hh, qY@flO17.
9)
J~H HO` L=#O: H=O h~ `y#O^= D W|Ok "~ K `==Ok LO\~. h\`@
P~ x= =~ KO> iQ `Q`<fl~. J~ ~=_xH J<H"# H~} L<fl~. >= [#O
KH =_O, \ Z=Q `Q_O, Q lQ~ `Q_O, _ Z= H~_O Q JH~O K Hi
W WOH Z<fl H~}. h\x 5, 6 b@~ Q~"KQ `Q_O =Ozk. h\ =# J~ =O@ K `Q`#flk. h\x
`Q q^#O iQ LO> "\` JO` ^ LO_^. h\ =# @ Q lQ~ Z=Q `~~ < #O_
L= #O HQ`#flk.
Z_\, __# J~ #O_ q=H
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
< __# J~, Z_\, Zs, qs`"# >#< LO_q. H <C, ~u, Q _ x^ @H=_O,
J~ \ HO\# ~< = LO_k. =~Q 10 OII #O_ J~ < LO_k. Zxfl WOw+, q
=O^ "_< ~ ~< Hxfl H} `y =~, =~ =Kk. P~O u#@O U =Ò @ J~< @ JO` z
O_ Q LO_k. < @ ~ iQ ~Ok. =YOQ =|^HO _ Z=Q LO_k.
h~ ~AH 5, 6 b@~ `Q_O, H$u P~O fH=_O =# =z# e`.
Q~@, Hm J"@ ~Ok.
@ zO_ `y~, =Oz ~ U~_Ok =i @ "k x~^HH iyOk.
J~ \ =^ L#fl < iQ `y~Ok. W_ U Ô# ~< ^.
P~O =~ K_O =# =|^HO =# =z# Zs `y~.
J^`"# h\ ^fi~ Z_\ HO\ J~ =Oz KHx PHe U~_Ok.
< L#fl >#< iQ ~, =#H O`` U~_#k.
_H~ Q~ K# h~ `Q q^#O \OK_O =# <xO` P~Q=O`_x J=QeQ#. h\x `Q@_ JOQ\
PK# \ `y` J W|Ok LO_^. Q h~ `y` W|Ok L#fl"~, <\ xO_ h~ fx XHH}O Py
qOy "=K, J\ HO\#Q b@~ h~ `Q=K. h~ =# ~O_= P~O, h~ `y` =x+H H=OÒQ
LO@Ok.
_H~ Q~ =#"oH kOz# D h~ `Q û, H$u q^#= =# c^"_H, ^#=O`_H =#OQ JO^~
P~Qxfl O^ J^$+O HeyOk. "i = =iO` q$`=~ JO^~ O~ P~Q=O` H"x Pt<fl#.
N.V.S. =i(),
c==~O, # : 27799
10) h~ `Q_O ^fi~ HO` |~= `Q`~ : |~= iQ"i h\Ò ~Q` LO@Ok. LO_=# h\HO>
Z= h~ "i ~O@Ok. |~= iQ"~ h~ `=Q `Q` LO\~. J =Q L<fl=. WOH h~
`y` WOH = J~`= Jx K `=Q `Q`~. h~ `= `Q_O =# Z= h~ x=
LO@ LO@Ok. h\ x= iQ Hn |~= ~Q`~. h\x 5 #O_ 7 b@~ =~ ~E `QÒ> "^\ 20
~A s~O ~#fl h~O` ~ 20 Hr |~= Z= L<fl"~. 5, 6 Hr |~= `Q`<fl~. P~O
=~ KO_< "^\ < |~= `QK<fl~. ~O_= < #O_ h\` @ P~O =i `Q`~, H`
J< LO\~. h\x Q `Q_O = s~O P~ ^~ H=fiQ =~ H ~fiO K~Q [~Q^.

H =O h\< `Q` |~= ~Q O_ H_< "~<fl~ . h\x Z= `Q_O J<k |~= `Q_ xH Hi# flk.
|~= `yOk
Q~=h _II ` <~}~A QiH #=~=. < ~ t=~=. < = 41 OII. <# WO_ < F=~
O XOQ Y xK K<fl#.
Q` O=`~= JO> 2000 OII= U == < q`_ ^fi~ <# _H~ Qix QiOz qx "i L<xH
"#. P ~A ''h~^x L Q J#fl q+ O g^ ^^ 2 QO@ L<= [iy#k. JH_ =z# [# O^=#
Kz P~#. h\ QiOz P# K# q+ qx, J\ =~ Z=~ Kx, ZH_ q#x =Oz q+
`<fl#.
P# K# su 11.7.2000 <\ #O_ _H~ Q~ K# H~= h
(Z) L^ O =Q< 11/2 b@~
(a) "=O `~fi` 11/2 b@~
() =^flO [<xH J~QO@ =O^ 1 b@~
(_) OHO 1 H 2 b@~. D q^=Q D ~A =~ `QK<fl#. W `Q@O =# < Hey# [<....
1.
<# 71 Hr |~=` J<H W|O^ _"_x. k#K~ h\ ^~xfl 100% \OK_O =# H" |~= `y
W_ 58 Hr =^ xH_Q L<fl#. =~ 13 Hr P~QH~OQ `Q#. s~O èHQ#, aQ=Q# LOk.
2.
LÔ "+< J=`#flk. Wk =~ ~O_=i Jk H^. W_ "== K# `~"` h `y PK#
K# ^ ~ O_=i Y q~K#O JQK#flk.
3.
WO` =O^ < <\ #O_ K_ "# =Kk. h~ `Q_O "^ \# `~ "` <~O` +Q LO_ ^~fi#
J ~=_O ^.
4.
~E Khfl\ fl#= =# `< iQ `y~#k.
5.
D k# K~=# < |_ Q~ WO` =O^ 120mg LO_k. Jk Ò 100mg Q< L#flk.
6.
a.. WO` =O^ K_^ . D k#K~ "^ \# `~ "` 110/70 LO@#flk.
7.
*~O\ ~< `Q_O =# Jxfl # KHQQ`<fl#.
8.
Wk =~H\ [#O u<@C_, u#fl "O@< HO_ û H~O `Q_O =# @ `y#k.
W=hfl <# Ok# e`... _H~Qi L< qO@, \O> "i ^=# < U W|Ok O_
P~Q= Q L#flk. _H~ Q~ U u= PtOKO_ P~Q= QiOz K =Oz O^# JOk ZO`=OkH
^=_ LQ_`<fl~. _H~Qi ^fi~ P Q=O`_ =~O` =OkH Yr=#= HeyOKx H~O@<fl#.
P.
t=~=,
WO_< F=~ O,
@O ~_, XOQ523 001
h~ `y` |~= `yOk
^= fi~# N =O`# ` <~}~A QiH #=` Z<. H$+= i "#k.
J! [ g~ K = Q=O`_ _ K_" JxOKK#flk. g~ "# H Kkq, g L<O
qO>Jk iQ PKi =x+H ~QO J#fl^ ~^. _H~, @ Jhfl =`_=#^. =O^ <^. Hxfl H@
~ ^xH aOk. [O` aHOQ P~QOQ LO\~.
D ~A "^ O Z LOÔ> U z#fl =H < " ~ K > , Z~ "^Q#q J~# `~ "` "^ O
"^=Òk. WH JC K =O^ H#_O, "__O, Q}O H#|_ H#_H =_O, =m WOHH _H~ ^Q~ iQ`_O...
W rqÒ JO` ''=O^ J@~H~H > iÒk. ''JCK =O^ _ J#fl KOÔQ `~~Ok.
L=#" Qx "k x~# [~Q@O ^. W@=O\ i` g }= Jx ''PO^ [<=oHP~Q =~O g H$u
r=# q^#O ^fi~ aOzOk. < q+ O g L< ^fi~, g H ^fi~ <# `#fl q+ # PK~}

@_O ^fi~ P~Qs` <# Ok# P#O^xfl D L`~O ^fi~ g` OKH=_O < J^$+OQ q<fl#. =YOQ g~
K# qÔQ h\x `Q@O =# < Hey# [<# HO^ q=i<fl#.
< = 58 OII. < |~= 85 Hr. g~ K# qÔQ ''h\ ^~O PKi ~AH 6 #Oz 8 b@~ h\x H=
û
`Q`<fl#. "^ \# =~\ ~A #Op q~K#O K Q J=Òk. K YOQ LO@Ok. |
s~Ox =e< U ~A H~A q~K#O ^fi~, =Ò ^fi~ |@ qiO|_@O =<", f~E Yx^ _Òk.
Yq~K#O, Yx^ J<q P~QxH ^= <x D x=O \OKH èOk. JxflO\HO> =YOQ <# |~=
5 Hr `Q#. h~ Z= `y` s~O h~ > WOH |~= iy`<"#< J LO_k. Hx _H~ Qi L<
D O^xfl OQ q=i x=$u K~. W_ < |~= `Q_" HH s~O _ =$^=Q `~~#k.
h WO` =Ò LO^x ~O`=~ = èH K `CKO. JOîH LzÒQ +OQ aOK =Ozh\`
P~QO WO` =~# O^=K#<k ZO`\ P~[#H" JO` PK~} Ò _. JO^H <# Ok# [<x
K# `~"` = @O|Ox qQ` "~O^~ _ D h\ ^~xfl PKiOK_O "^ \~.
N.
H$+=i,
Z.S.. U[O\, H=e~O, `}

# : 0881936257, 36169
= "#H "oOk
_II =O`# `<~}~A QiH Ja#O^#=.
<# _H~ Qi =@ ''O _ W\H 11 <Ok. ^x =# < Ki# " ZO` K#. ZH_<
O _` K_`~. Hx <H J H^. "i ~K# < =#H, s~H |xflK~. "i L< K
q<fl#. fn J"O. "~ K P~Q JO^~ OQ PKiOK `Q". JO^ P~ x=efl \OK_O
HOKO H+"` LO_=KQx h\ ^~xfl \OK_O Z=iH U =Ò JO`~O LO_^. LO__^.
h~ J=$Ò : <QiH` JO` h~#fl K> =ieOk. Qe `~"` r= J`=~O h~H^! JO^H =f `HH~
''ZC_# Z_`QH _ U~ (h~)#fl K@< x=OK<fl_. Jk ZO` Z=Q fO> JO` P~QOQ LO\=.
=#=_ D (J) <QiH` ""O _ i#O`Q h\x ^xH JO^*H< `= s~ = Hey `=
J<~Q _`<fl~. _H~ Qi D =@ #Qfl`=x < ~ 11 < J#=O |A=~Ok.
<Hg [| H~< _H~ Qi =@H~O ''h\ ^~xfl \OK_O "^ \# 12 ~A< <HO` ''ib
HxOzOk. h~'J=$Ò Z@~O^ < rq`#" èK < fl~.
LÔ =Q< =` q~# QqOz, <\x QQ 23 ~ HeOz# `~"` 11/4 b@~ h~ `Q`#. "^\
W+O H~<P~QO HO J#O@ 23 Q `y P `~"` x^#OQ =~i W |=OÒQ<< `Q"_x.
HO` J@ W@ u~QQ< '"+< J K# HxOKq. "+< Jk. `~"` WO\ U^ XH x, HkQ
"=O K ~ O_=i q~K#" H_ MmQ ZO` ~Q LO_k. `~ "` Khfl\`
`~ fl#O, Q_`
X ~^H =_O
ZO` QO_k. D J"@ = <#fl '|^H O Zyi~Ok. =#HÒ JkH" O k. < ==|^H O , H_ |~O,
Q, Jr~O =@===fi_" QH, L^~QOx H=fi Hiy #fl|_Ok. P~O!! < P~QO L` ''h~ ~O` Q
=~ `zOÔ> <H #=HO HQ@O ^.
H_ MmQ L#flC_ h~ `Q=K##fl K# \Oz P~O u# J~QO@ =O^Q XHi u<flH ~O_
QO@ `~fi` XHi h~ `Q@O J"@ K<fl#. J#flO u<@_ =^ =^H h~ `Q ^~"@ iQ ~#k.
J [< ^Q~ h\ Q @H=_" =<=. W`~ P~ x=, "~xH~A `<{x=~O He# h\<
iQ P^~_@O <HO` P~QxflzOk. =YOQ D h\^~O =# < s~O ZO` =Oz =~ Q~~#k.
J^q@O>H=OQ D k < 1520 Hr |~= `Q#. 93 Hr LO_ <# W_ 72 Hr =`" =<fl#.
JO`HH H, \ `Q@O iQ =x"#. W_O` LÒQ L<fl#. ^ "#H "o#@O^#fl J#=A =@
^~O Jx #=K<fl#. ''< q+ O ^ H^ 15/20 U "# "o#@Ok. <HC _ 64 UO_! J~< 50 UO_
"_Q LÒQ L<fl#. HO~fi~OQx, Ku#~Qx, KQx, PYiH Ô`YO Qx ZH_ =~~^
iH^ J=hfl KHQ x K<fl~.W_ < r~H iyOk. =Oz x^ _Òk. < XH h\ ^~xfl \< WO`\
" [iyOÔ> WH H$u q^<xfl iQ PKi WOHO` " [iQ^ H^! P ~A HO Z^~ K<fl#. ''J $+H ~
J=$`xfl kqx ^=`Hz, ^xH iQ h~< J=$`xfl qx r= HOkOK_"!
h~ J=$Ò! "~ J=$Ò < ^. "~ =O^ JH~^. h~ _H~! h~ =O^! h~ =# ~H_! h~ =# |O^=!
q`_! `_! P h\H =O^#O. JO^H =# h\x P~k, PK~ ==~ h\H =#fl` #O HeyOK~. "\
"#H WO` Q_~O LO^x `HO_ L` =_K~efl =`" \ , J h\ ^~ xfl \OKH H |_K<fl~ .
WO`\ =` Hey# h\x `QO_. P~Qxfl ~HOKHO_. h~ lO^^!!!
S.
[~`Jb,
"=~522 261.
11) @ `Q_O : =x+H @, HO^@ ~O_ LO\~. q~K#O iQ HH` HOk @ ~QÒk. ux,
@xO_ h `y` @ ~QÒk. h` q~K#O Q J=_O =# HO^@ `QÒk. [#O J~#
~O_ QO@ =~ h~ `QO_ LO_@O =# @ `QÒk. @ MmQ L#flC_ `Qh~ @# `yOk.
h~ `y` @ `yOk
< ~ |K. <# R.M.P. _H~ # . < =~Q 8 OII #O_ @, a.. L#flq. < |~= 70 H r. < =
40 OII. Hxfl ~H =O^ "_#. Hx "_#C_ `= H=_=, =m ~=_= [iQk. < H fl`_ HOî
q^Q~ Qi H~= H= Kkq _H~ Q~ K# x= PKiOzux. h `Q_O "^\#. <
W_ P~Q= =OzQ L#flk. @ K=~ `y#k. < H |~= _ 58 Hr `y#k. _H~Q <# _
K=OkH h~ `Q=x KCK<fl#. "~ _ K QO^x KCK<fl~.
= J=Qi = 60 OII. "H <C, Zs, a.. L<fl~. =O^ Q "_k. W_ h~ `Q_O =#
=O^ iQ =x"#k. W_ P" P~QO K =OzQ L#flk. _H~ Qi \Oz#O^ =`" D
P~QO K i#k. Q = O`_ ZH_ _ "i O^ L<fl_ Jx # flk.
P.
|K,
K#fl@, |K#fl@ =O_O

=~OQ l.
12) ~O @_O PQÒk : HO` =OkH h~ =i` ~O, uO_ =i` ~O _`, =iHO` =OkH `~K
< ~ O_ < _ ` LO\~. q < ^ s~xH W|Ok HeyOK ^~ s~O Z=iH Z= ` ~=`
LO\ "iH ~O Z=Q = LO\~. JQ s~O =~ ^~, \H< Z"#C_ "\x s~O
#O_ |@ `_xH, HOîH ~O ~O Jq |@ "` LO\~. h~ `= `Q "iH Z=
~O =x Q\Q K=K. h~ O\ q<. JO> s~O `~ q< J< ~# ^~
q~Q_Q h~ xKOk. Q Z= h~ `Q_O =# s~O ~#fl =~^~, \H< =Ò QO_
U~AH~A |@ ` LO_@O =# =# ~O Ò^~Q `Q_" HO_, ~O @_" `Q`#flk.
~O \#_ Q~"Kx h~ 6, 7 b@~ =~ `y` Ò^~Q `Q`~. ~O ~# L=#O h~.
~O^Q =@=O
_H~ ` <~}~A QiH #=~=`....
=O^Q g = $^ ~fiH Pj~fiK#=. g P Q = O`_ ^ JO_Q LO@ g K` W@=O\ =`~=
WOH Z<fl [iOKx H~O@<fl#. g L< qx, g H Kkq g~ J#iOK=x K# ^` Hxfl
=`" J=OaOz aOk# "_x.
<# BHPV Commercial Department Staff Officer Q L^QO K K<fl#. < = 52 OII. <
j`HO ^Q, ~O Z=Q LO_k. ~u@ x^ =^ "= =z ^Q PO` ^_"_x. WOH `~K "_
W~ >k. g~ K# D h\^~O \ LO>< Hk ~A < K =~ =z#k. <# z#fl\ #Oz Z_
Khfl\ fl#O K^. "qHO _ "_h\ fl#O K_" J"@. J@=O\k W_ <# ZO` ~Q Khfl\
fl#O K `g^ #Oz _ h~ O@<fl#. Wk=~ ~@# "# `_ < , Khfl\ fl#O K< , }O
K< `<, ~O, ^Q` ^_"_x. W_ <H P~OQ LOk. Wk JO` g~ Wz# , OÔ. g ^~=
JO@ <#, < rqÒÒ Z=ig^ P^~_O_, Z=iH ~O HO_ P#OÔQ, < + rq`xfl Q_Q#< ^~O,
qfiO =z#k. g J="# \Oz <O\ "~ K=Ok, K ^ Q_~x, Q_`~x,
xOHKOQ KQ#. [O^~ g~ K|`#fl q^<xfl \Oz, g~ `\# P~Q [O xififlOQ H#Qx
=#iQ P ~"fi~_x H~O@<fl#. g~ Z_ =~, P ~A Z_ =O^ Jx Z^~K = O\ "iH
uiy g ^~#, OQ H~H== H*x H~O@<fl#.
g P ^=^=_ P~~Q Sfi~= H*x H~O@...
P}q `<~}=i,,
Hfi~~ <O. E36, BHPV Township,
qY@flO12.
[| ^ =|^HO ~Ok
Q~=h# _II =O`# `<~}~A Qi #=~=. g~ iKO K# H$u r=# q^<xfl PKiOz
ZO`=Ok P~QOQ rq<fl~. JO^ <# XH}. <# = OuxH`< L^y J~# ^Qi ^fi~ g "^
q+hfl `H<fl#. J<H q+ H=O h~ `Q ûx <# PKiOz ZO` P~Qxfl O^#. Dh\ û <
P~Qxfl = Òk.
<# Q` 2 O=`~ #O_ qs`"# [| =i =|^H=` ^_`<fl#. ~O_ O=`~Q < =
#O_ h~ UH^\Q H~`< =O_k. Ku ~= Z_ < = ^Q~ =O_k. K~ _H~# OkOz =O^
"_# Hx ZO\ eÒ H~Ok. JQ =|^HO, 5 < #O_ H_ qs`"# < J~~u =O =Kk.
^xH a "H<"}. JQ ^_"}. < ^`ÔQ =Kk. iQ W^ =O > ^Qi iKO [iyOk.
P# K# `_=Q LÔ z# "O@< 1.5 b@~ h~ `Q_O J"@ KH<fl#. "^\ iQ Jxfl `Q_O JOîH
Ô H^x JO\~ Hx <# =Ò @^` h~ `Q_O "^\#. JO^H `fi~Q eÒ HxOzOk.
W_ < = H~_O ^. [| iQ ~Ok. =|^HO^. H_< ~Ok. W_ H=O D r=#

q^#O <# "^\ "@ ^Q~ =`" =<fl#x q<fl#. WOH g~ K u q+xfl PKiOz ^ g Pj`
rqOz#O`HO P~QOQ rqOKx HiHQ =Ok.
Z. QO^~ Q_,
OuxH`< ~_x ,
Qy~, ~OQ~_ l.
13) s~xH h~ @_O `QÒk : s~xH Z=iH<fl h~ \OÔ> LC Z"Ok, h~ `=~Ok Jx J~O.
h~ `= `Q "iH Z= LC s~O x= LO@ LO@Ok. Z= LC XH> ZC_ x= LO_^. ^x`
h\x _ x= LOKÒk. J x= L#fl LC h\=# ", <H` @ _` LO\~. J s~O
h~ Z=~O^x WOH h~ `Q_O `= K=. JO^K`< P W|Ok WOH Z= J=Òk. s~Ox Z=
h~ |@ ~"O> Z= h~ `Qe. =#O `y# h~ ~ x= L#fl LC h\x @x =Ò
|@ ~E =Ok. Ô` K =~ " `Q`~. iQ " h\ =# "~ HO`=Ok =`".
W|Ok `= L#fl"iH i O =Ok. Q Z= "#fl "iH h\`< i " =. 50, 60 Ò
`Q`~. LC# iQ P~O =x uO> "O@< 5, 6 ~A P h~ > W|Ok Òk. =O^ Z= h~
`Q_= <^ Ju=Y"# q+ O.
H " `y# q
Q~=h# _II =O`# ` <~}~A QiH #=iOz "#k. < ~ ` =u. = 44 OII. < 10
O=`~= #O_ H <C, "H <C. Z=H _H~Q~ ^Q~ =O^ "_^xfl. "_`#flC_ `Qq, =~
= =O_q. iQ `Qq H^. H ^~O #_ K H "zq. WO\ HOKO Z= x =<fl H "zq. XH
O=`~= #O_ Z_= H H_ < =#flk. H_ |~=Q =O__O, U^< x KO> z~ Z=
J~Ok. HhO ^#O _ KHH ^xfl.
g~ 3 O=`~ #O_ `_eQ_O L< K|`<fl~x J<fl~. = H è^. JH|~ 13= `n
`} g L<= q<fl=. g L<= q<flH g H Yr=# <, P~OPK#, P~Q" P#OÔ
Q J~"#q.
~AH 6 b@~ h~ g~ K# qÔQ H=O Ò_ `Q`<fl#. H, \ =x" z=H uO@<fl#.
~ K HkQ LC "_`<fl#. `fi~ Jk _ =< `flO K#.
<H_ H <C, ", "H <C Jhfl iQ `y~#q. H_< _ iQ `yOk. W_
ZO`x K< J@, z~ =. }O èHQ =Ok. ^#O _ Z= KHQ`<fl#. < WO` KHx
P~Qxfl Wz# _II =O`# `<~}~A QiH ZO` |}_ =<fl#. g QiOz ZO` K< WOH K< =O@Ok.
JOîH D q^#O è_O HO g H K =OkH Oz\=. W<fl èx XH H` r=# q^<xfl J#i
ZOîH =~^~ P~Qxfl JOk#fl ^= fi~# _II `<~}~A QiH Z H$`[` KCH" è_O
^ .
V.
`=u,
`_eQ_O.
=O\H \# h~ `yOk
_H~ QiH #=~=.
_H~ Qi L<O <# PQ+ 2000 `_eQ_O q#_O [iyOk. P ~A #O_ h~ g~ K# qÔQ XH û
H~O ~A 5 b@~ `Q@O "^ \#.
h~ fHH =O^ H =O\H h~ @_O =i Allergic Bronchitis ` ^_^xfl. D q^#O
"^ \H XO\H h~ @_O iQ `y ~Ok. PO _ ^^ HO\ J~Ok. j`HO JO` =O^
~u J~` O "k. ZO^HO> e`, Ti JO^H =_O = x^ >k H^. Hx D O=`~O J@=O\
W|Ok Ug HQ^. <# WO` =O^ "Ô K~OK#fl q _H~ Q~ _ < D =~x K K
P~~. < P~QO WO`=Oz =~ Hey# `~fi` < ^~O =zOk. P ^~O`< 1342001# _H~ Qi
L<O q#fl `~fi` LC_ iQ =x "#.
~^^q,
Z.S.. P WO_, `_eQ_O.
14) `= ~A< ^Q `QÒk : ^Q J<k Tiu` HO LO> =Ok. Hxfl |@ f_xH ^Q
J<k s~xH Hi LO@Ok. ^Q ~H` HO |@ ~^. ^Q =O^ "_` ^Q ~O_ PyÒk.

HO O_ ^Q Py` =# [| `y#@ H^. Hxfl Ò^~Q y TQey` ^Q `yÒk. HO K|_
èQ `y~"O> P x h\=# Q [~QÒk. Q~ "Kx h~ J~` Hxfl K|iz Ò^~Q `y_
@ KOk. 5, 6 b@~ h~ Q~ "KQ `y`, `Q_xH "~O ~A > ^Q 3, 4 ~A `yÒk. h~
Z=Q `Q_O =# HO ^ ^Q `y _Òk. h\x ~E Q `Q "iH HO > H}O K =~
=O k.
H=^Q `yOk
< ~ *`fl. < = 20 O=`~. < T è# ^Q~ #O_ ^Q Q =Kk. Uq P~O fH<fl u#fl
"O@< += _k. JO^K` =#HOQ ZO` ^_^xfl, JkHH |~= _ Z= =O_^xfl.
= J=Q~ _II =O`# `<~}~AQ~ x~fi#fl H$u P=xH "o JH_ q+, _H~ Q~ K#
P~ x=, h~ fH< q^#O Jhfl qOQ < q=iOK~. =YOQ h~ `Q q+O QiOz K~. <#_
= J=Qi` @ x=#~OQ =_ @ h~ H=O Ò_ `Q`<fl#. h~ `Q_O "^ \# "~O
~A< < K =~ Q=xOK#. < Zxfl O=`~Q< =#fl += _@O `yOk. Wk <HO` P#O^xfl
HeOzOk. ^Q`yOk. |~= _ <=kQ `Q`<fl#. W_ <<O` O`+OQ =<fl#.
< D s~H, =#H K`<xH, P#O^xH H~}"# _II =O`# `<~} ~AQiH < H$`[`. D P#OÔ,
O`+O u XH~ D q^#O ^fi~ O^x < HiH.
P.
*`fl,
PHg_.
15) `= : "YO, = Q ~#fl ^ Z"# ~O# P Q #O_ Mm K_xH `=

=~. Qe" Q ~O ~H=_O =# P ~O# Q@_xH `= =O\~. `= ~_Ô>,
~O# O_ Ke. ~O "<fl, `= `Q<fl h~ Z= `Q=O^. h~ `= `Q"iH
`= Z=Q = LO\~. `= `Q=# "~ ~A "Ò Q~ "Kx h~ `y` =Ozk. ^ LÔ
@<fl `Qe. H=O h\`< HO`=OkH ` =iHO`=OkH P~O LC iQ =x`Qx =. =iHO`
=OkH ~O_O\`@ }=O, *yOQ O\q _ K< Qx `Q=. Q~"K\ h\=# K =~
`Q `
~.
`= Zyi~#q
< ~ "OH@H. =k == @O|O. ~E L^<fl z WO\ # KH=_O ~OO J=Òk. J~`
< Q` HO`HOQ pH\` =Q< `= PQO_ =<fl~. ZO` Z=Q#O> PQO_ =~ 4050 =~
XHi =~. J J=# =~. Z_< XH `=~=_O ~OO J~` WH PQO_ =K~. Ju _H~
QiH KOKO> ''HqH, Z~= =O^ =# g Zs =zOk, =O^ "_=#^ `^ J<fl~.
< ~ ~H+Q~ ^~^ =z#_ _H~Qi g\OQH "o, H$u ^~# `x =YOQ h~ Z
`Q `Hx < _ K PKiOK~. `~"` <# _ = "i` He _H~Qi L<O q<fl#.
"^\ ##fl _H~Q~ hHKHx `Q=<fl~. P# K# qÔQ< h Hz K~Hx "~ K# =
H=û `Q@O ~OaOK#. XH "~O ~A `= #Oz ib HxOzOk. `= `Q~. Ô` #=HO
ki WOH @^Q h~ Z= `Q_O "^ \#. k ~A< iQ `= ~=@O Py~#q. W_
== K\ h~, U h~ `y< `= ~=_O ^. JO`H^ W h~ `Q@O = < s~HOQ J<H
HeQ~. r~H ~Q@O, s~O èHQ LO_@O, ZO` << KHQQ@O [~QÒk. YOQ, ~Q L#flk. =O^`
_ `Q^##fl < `= ^# H=O h\`< #O K# _H~ QiH < $^ ~fiH H$`[`.
N.
"OH@H ,
W/o. N. ~H+,
=+~ HO, H l, H~fl@H.
16) Js : Js J<q ~H~HQ = LO\~. _ Js, _ Zs, < Js "II#q. Js =z# `~"`
Jq =O^` `Q=. "\H `_ = LO\ "\x iQ =x"_" i~O JO\~. H$u ^"#
s~xH (O_, ~, yO[ u<"iH) H$u q~^"#q uO> ( _OH, SH", fi\, K) Js =
LO\~. H$u q~^"# s~xH H$u ^"#q JOkOz< Js =O\~. D ~A =K Zs Jhfl
=OKH, ZO_H, "#H, H|iH, `<H, |`~H, h, , ~Q = L#flq. JO> =# s~O H$u
q~ÔQ J~#O^= H$u ["#q "` LO> s~O XCH=_O ^. h < #O ^x |@
Zs ~O `#flk. x*xH =#O u< K, H, fi\, _OH, " =O~xH ~"e
Zs. g\H Js =z _H~ ^Q~ " ~y _. =# ZsH H~}"# qH$ux H_y" Qx H$u "\H =K
Js (_, _, <) =. =# qH$ux, K_ # iQ H_Q k h~. h\ ^fi~ =# i" `
=m "\H
Zs ~=. H=O h\`< K=OkH Jxfl Zs `~. =iHO`=OkH h\` @ P~O _ =i#_
iQ `<fl~. 5, 6 b@~ h~ ZO`Q< O He#flk.
_ Zs `yOk
< ~ L^ ~. < = 25 OII. <# K ~AQ =|^H O ` ^ _ `<fl#. [#=i < 2000 OII
#O_ ~AH 5 b@~ =Oz h `Q_O "^ \#. `Q_O "^ \# ~A #O_ =|^HO =@="Ok.
~ O_ ~A XHi q~K#=# " "_x Hx W_ ~AH ~ O_~ YOQ " < fl#. Wk < rqÒ ZO` P#O^H~ " #
q+O. Jxfl ~Q \x J~# =|^HO < XH ~AH ="Ok.
1.
_ Zs =O_k. Jk XH < ~A< ~#k.
2.
Z_ ^Q = =O_k. HO `y =Kk H^. h~ `Q_O "^ \# `~fi` ^Q `yOk. HO èHQ `y =
`y~Ok.
3.
L|O z#fl\ #O_ =Ok. ^x HO =O^ "_ "_x. h `y# ^Q~ #O_ K =~ `yOk.
4.
=Y= g^ =K, "\= _ `y# q.
5.
J~\ u<fl, Y~~O u<fl ^^~ =Kq. Jq _ h~ `Q_O "^ \# Hk ~A< `y#q.
6.
<\ ^~fi#, K=@ "#, =O "# iQ ~#q.
7.
PûHOQ K =~ =z#q. ^#O Q KQ`<fl#. z~ `y#q. " =O iyOk.
6 < _H~ Q~ K# qÔQ h\ ^~xfl \Oz# `~fi` _H~Q~ "# Hhfl Kkq LC# iQ
=x"#. h~ `Q_O ^fi~ HO` =~ `y# P= LC =x"# `~fi` iQ `yOk. =O^ =x"#. `~"`
^^ =z _H~Qi =HO L"= K#. L"= `~fi` < Tiu` iQ P~Q=O`" ZO\
HO, ^Q, PO O_ P#OÔQ =<fl#.
##fl K = WO\ek D ûx \<fl~. 8 < #O_ JO^~ LCx P~O fHO@<fl~. = <#fl
z#flC_ =Y= He =K U~_#q. Jq 40 O=`~= `~fi` h `Q_O ^fi~ `y#q. = JH "_g^
#, [ =O_q. Jhfl `y#q. = J= 20 O=`~= #O_ =#fl ^Q <=kOzOk. D q^=Q u~E 5 b@~
h~ `Q_O ^fi~ rqOz#O` HO P~Q=Q rqOK=K##fl n= =zOk.
_H~, # ~ Z= h~ `y` =Oz^x JO\~ Hx U == Zxfl `Q K~. JO^=# O
^. Hx _H~ `<~}~A Q~ U == Zxfl `Q K h\`< P~Qxfl JOk#fl J^`"# =H.
H$u =# HO, =# P~QO HO _II =O`# `<~}~A Qifl H`~= =# kOzOk. P# =
â=O^#=.
E.
L^~,
^@~.
< Zs iQ ~Ok
Q~=h _II `<~} ~A QiH $^ ~fiH #=~=.
< ~ .. "<~=. <# OH _b HH < U[O@Q xK K<fl#. < =$us` Z_ Ku H
Q, }OK_xH H ^ @ g~ LO@Ok.
< Z_= Ku O_ _# k. q "^ O P~<, Ju
"^ O 6 < K#. `Q ^ . P `~ "` P~ fi^
"Ô _ K~OK<fl#. =O^ Y~ `_ "_~Ok Hx `Q^. Wk K~"k, H O_ H, < Ku
Q H H|\ < H Zs Jx è<~. P ~O_ KuH `QO_ LO> O_ `QÒk Jx è<~. Hx P
~O_ < r=<k QO H|\ O_ `QH ~< JQ ^_` i "~O K<"_x. P =O
_H~ Q~ p~ ~=_O <# "i L<O q#_O [iy#k. J_ _H~ QiH < K~ KOz Wk `QÒ^ Jx
J_y<#. u ~E 5 b@~ =Ozh~ `QO_ 10 H 15 ~A Òk Jx K<~. =O^ "_` 6 < _
`Qxk =Ozh `QÒ^ Jx J#=xOz, Wk _ K KÔ! Jx "^ \#.
=Ozh _H~Q~ K# `H=~# û `Q@O "^ \# 4= ~AH O_ =#_O "^ \Ok. 10=
~AH =K_ O_ =O J~#k. WO^ WO`H L#fl^? Jx =Ozh~ `Q@O PO_ HO\# K#! iQ
`y=_" HO_ q~K#O Q J=_O, ZO` ^~O H `H< h~O ~O_ LÒQ xKHQQ@O =zOk.
J\H ~O_ O=`~Q < "H <C LO_q. "\H _ _H~ Wq `Q=, =$us` [O Jx K~.
WC_ P "H <C _ iQ ~. Ò = WO\ <~, < èQ~, <=~_ _ =Ozh~
`Q`<fl~. P~ x= _ \<fl=. _H~ QiH ^#"^=.
S.S .
"<~=,
Opp. T.V.V. H} =O_O
~ _ "#H, ~p~523 157.

^Q, ~O, Zs `y~
< ~ O|t=~=. <# ^Q, ~O, Zs` KHO #Oz ^_`<fl#. D ZsH qu =O^
"_#. Hx `Q^. `~"` c==~O =, QO` +e ^Q~ "#. P# ZH~ K~Oz P~+< _Òk
J<fl~. J~< P~+< K# `~"` `QÒ^ ^ K#<fl~. =O^ " WK~. Ô HO^ J~\O_, |`~,
x=H, <iO[H, ^H, =H_, =OH, H|i fH=^<fl~. JQ J=hfl fH=_O =x", =O^
"_< Ug `Q^. WOH HO`=Ok E.N.T. +e ^QiH "o< i Q}O H#|_^.
2522000 # < ==Q [fi~O =z#k. <# =$us` |H O_OQ K#. P ~A = =^ 'P~Q" P#OÔ
J#fl HO O_OQH =z#k. P ~A ~` P HO JO` Kk"#. i q+ è#q. J\#O_ =O^ =x"
h\x `Q_O "^\#. H" qQ` x= _ HOKO HOKO \Ozux. ^Q, ~O iQ #=~#q. Zs
K =~ #=~#k. Z_<fl Zs =O ^xOz#_ Q h `Q`, P~A i L"O K `yO KH#K<fl#.
_H~ Qi q^#= < =O^ O_ #O K#>, WOH ZO` =Okx P~Q=O`# Kx P Q=O`_x
H~O@<fl#.
G.
O|t=~=,
C/o.
=H |H O_OQ =~
=`"i gk, `_eQ_O534101.
17) =K =_`~ : =YO, < K~xH =K _` LO\~. Jq O_ LO> JOÔQ LO\=xOk.

K~xH U W|Ok =z< Ò^~Q `Q^ . K~ O Jxfl J="HO> z=~ LO_@O =# QO_H zq# ~HO JxflO\HO >
PYiH K~xH K~Òk. =#O K~O ^fi~ qiOK=# =~ ^~ K~xH K~`~. Jq K=@ _` K~O
#O_ |@H `~. ^ Hxfl K~O qQ`~. ^ =~ s~OH "`~. h~ `= `Q"iH
K=@ `= _` LO@Ok. K~O =~ ^~ Z= x= =O@ LO\~. ^x` =K, K~ "^
"IIq ~=K. h\x Q `Q_O =# ~HO K|_ K~xH ~H~} Q [~QÒk. h~ `Q"iH K=@
@H~< K=@ ~O =#q "#H =z =~ =Ò #O_ |@ ` LO\~. K~O HkQ h\
=# _` LO@Ok. h~ Q `Q_O =# HO`=Ok ~OQ =~. HO`=OkH =K Q`~.
HO`=OkH HHO^ # _ `Q`~.
"O g^ =K #_O< `yO k
< ~ OH~. = 33 OII. <# Wk=~ Uk |_` Jk u<"_x. "^Q x^"_x. U h K|kH^,
#QiH "H "_x. _+<` LO_"}. ~O_ x= =OQx U^< x K<, z=iH ZH~A K< =OQx
Kx U^< < #_= > k. ZH~* K < fl ZO^ W J^ J~O Jk H^. |Q g^, =g^ #\
=K LO_ =YO JO` JO^qH~OQ LO_k. _H~ ^Q~ "o` '"<\ P~O\"O\ "_=<fl~. Z=~ Uk Ka` Jk
"_#. e Ò #O. D ^ ` < =#Ou LO_k H^. 5, 6 OII #Oz #_O < LO_@O` H_fl `"#x,
Kx`<"#x OQ LO_k. JO^H PûH q+=" Z=Q ^$+ >"_x.
=i P ~Q"#_ KOz# `"##O\#. _H~ ~A Qi iK QO HeyOk. E 9, 2000 < rqÒ
= uiy# ~A. qY@flO P# OQO q<fl#. qfi~ O^~# QO N H$+_ J~#_H `# qfi~xfl
KOz w` ^# K#@_H~ Q~ =#= s~ x~}O, ^x ~, ^xH U >= Uk JOkOKe, ZO^
JOkOKe, =YOQ h\ q= ^xH ZO` J=~O, ZO^ J=~O J<k P# q=iO> ^xx PKiOz# "i
P~Q" P~QO.
=# sfi =Oz Q~= ^~H@O H+O J<"~. Hx _H~Qix K# `~"`, P# OQO q#fl `~"`, WH
=#O "^HH~^, Pk Q~= P Q=O`_`, [ Q~= D< Jx < =# ^ ^ KiOz ~izOk. ZO^HO>
< H K_ ^$< K_\xH, K= KC_ =@ q#_xH W+_q. < =# ^xH `z# qÔQ Jk OKiO_k.
< s~O JO`H<fl < Pn#O LO_k H^. ZC_` _H~ Qix <# Q~=#H<fl<, P# K# h\^~O \OK<
##fl kOK=hfl < =" ~.
"^\ ~AH 5 #Oz 8 b@~ h\x `Q@_ "O`, qH~O, H u@O [iQk. U"` J^ J~Ok Jx
"O` J~~< =~ h\x `Q"_x. 4, 5 ~A s~O `=xH =zOk. "^\ 1/2 b@~ `y` qH~OQ
LO_k. 10, 15 ~A 1 b@~ K~<fl#. W_ XHi 1.5 b@~ f<fl Ug JxOK_O ^.
WH < #_= < QiOz =iz~ K ~A J~Ok. K ~A Uq\, h\ "Ô K# 10, 15 ~AH
~Ok. =g^ #\ =K, |Qg^ =K iQ `y~. h~ `Q` s~ ^~ HiOK_O =#

K~O ##î HOu=O`=~Ok. Y~ O_ h\` WO`\ f==~# [|efl `yOKH=_O J^$+O. JO`\
J^$xfl =# k#fl _H~Q~ ^#.
W_ U [| <îH ~=_O ^. WH rqÒ Z#fl_ =Oâ "H< J=~O ~^x < qfiO Hey#k.
WO`\ =Oz P~Q=# kOz# _H~ Q iH ^# "^= `|k H=_O ^ . ^# "^ Ka` |}O fiÒk.
J HO_ P# ~xfl < $Ô u+O K=x, rqÒÒ P# =~O LO@ < rq`=# _
Ki`~O K<@ P Q=O`x Pj < HQ*x H~O@ }==`...
OH~,
qY@}
O
18. Q~ : H=O =Ozh\x Z= `Q_O =< Q~ iQ ^. h Z= `Q_O =# H} ^
~, H} `fi~Q QH*# fiHiOK Hx OAO\~. ^x` ~HOx Q~, i<x Q~ HO` =~
`QÒk. <~ HO> HOKO Z= Q~ L#fl"iH <~H =Ok.
h\ ^~O` "\ "
h\x =$kQ qOK@O, }O`H "^ _ Y~ x J^` zH`x J^~fi} "Ô =}HOQ
U<_ =# ^ K # ^ _Kq x >= . s~ J=~ i_ h\x =#O `Q@O ^ . `Q Hk\ h\H <
H=` ^ .
fiq+ xH = <# K HOQ =|^H O ` W|O^ _#. ^q HOQ Q` U_k E < _II =O`# ` <~}
~A Q~ ~zOz# ''H$u r=# q^#O, ''Yr=# < "II H K^=@O, `} @}O "i OQ
[~ H=_O [iyOk. _II ~AQ~ zOz# qÔQ ~A 2 bII h\` ~OaOz, < ~A ~A 5 bII `Q ~H
K~ <fl#. XH@= =i ~ O_= q_` h~ `y# 2 xIIH, 2 ~ Yq~K# =QK#flk. < =|^H O = =@="O k.
H=O `H h~ `Q@O =# <# Ok# =~ [#O. W\H 12 O=`~Q <# +Q~ "kH WOw+ =O^
"_`<fl# Q` ==Q ~A 5 bII KC# h~ `Q`#flO^# ~HO +Q~ " Q}hOQ `y#q. `fi~<
=O^ "_HO iQ =#Q#x < qfiO.
<`@ < ~ N=u `=u _ h\x `Q`, n~H = ~Q` #O_ q=H Ok#k. =i Q`
[#=i/|=i == ^~^ Ecx ''H$u r=# q^# HOÔ Ki 2 "~@ _II ~AQi ~"H}
zH` Ok#flk. Q` 2 ^Q `# s~H ~Q` x"~}H x`= "_` =z# ~H= q, P~fi^,
WOw+ =O^ fi eH#k. ''L" ^~O PKiOK xqÒ `fi~ zH` HOÔ uiy K~##flk.
H$u r=# q^#O @ PH Q "~O^~ `= _II ~AQ~ xifi~=OQ H#y#fl ''P~Q K~ [O
OKx H$u zH` q^<xfl \ O~ P~Qxfl O^x H~`<fl#. # q=iOz# qÔQ P~Q~OQ
"= Ok# " _II ~AQiH $^ ~fiH H$`[à =O^#= Ò@<fl=.
K.
|#OÔ,
i>~ WO[h~,
_.<O. 1573, r#Q~,
H=fi~ 534 350,
*<Ô J~Ok
z#fl\ #Oz < =Oz h~ `QxOKk H^. = J~` ~A ~O_ Q `Q"_x. Q|Q u<_O
F Q h `y |@ =_O xÒ [iQx. = q~# F >= LO_k H^. Z_ J_@O [iQk.
XHH_ ~O_ =_ ~AHi = q~# [iQk. s~ =e< |@ =@ h~ =Y` =Ok H^.
`Q h\ i=}O iQ H=@O =, Z=Q =Ozh~ `QH=@O = <<H H_flx, Q_~x Q@<fl#x
~_xOk. i# h\ x=O \OKH=_O` H_fl ~ U~_ _~ '"~ Pu 1975 < Z_=
H_fl f~OKH= =zOk. `~"` _H~ =Ozh~ `Q=x K~ Qx, U û `Q, Z `Q U U
= `Q, ZO` i=}O `Q U XH _H~ K^. JO^=< H 'Q_~ _ ~ U~_
^xx _ 1994 `yOKH=e =z#k. ~q HO_ Q~, =|^HO, LO_@O` ##fl s~HOQ K H$OQn~.
|^ Q"#xH 'Q *<^"#@ _II =O`# `<~} ~A Qi L<O H=fi~ ^qHOQ q#_O
[iyOk. <H =Oz =~O îH#@xOzOk.
P H$u=` _H~Qi ~O *<Ô HeyOzO^" JxOzOk. P ~A < K# =Oz x _H~ Q~ "#
H \ fH=_O g\x Kkq, PKiO> JO` =~ < Q_# ^#Ok# rq`xfl H<\ iH` rq`xfl
~OaOz#@xOzOk. "^\ HOKO ~|O^xOz<, ## Q J"@~Ok. U = ~^ . < P~QO
=Oz =~ HxOzOk. _H~ Qi K# =Ozh~ `Q@O, qQ` x= \OK_O= ~_O` ~Q

LO@<fl#.
=Ozh~ u~E LÔ 5 QO@ 1 b@~ 8.30 QO@ XH b@~, 11 QO@ 1 b@~, 3 QO@ 1 b@~ 6
QO@ 1 b@~ `Q`<fl. nx= LÔ =Q< Yq~K#" }xH ZO` ~Q LO@Ok. OÒ =m Fi
q~K#O Q J~ s~=O` èHQ YOQ LO@Ok. Ò +Q~, a.. HO\ LO@Ok.
XH q+O WK@ +OQ Ke. < 62 UO_ rqÒ <HxOk Hh Y~ O_ =#=_ Yr=#O Q_@O
_II ~A Qi # \OK_O = =`" g=Òk ` =~ =~O ^x O\ÔQ < fi#=O `Òk.
_H~ =O`# `<~}~AQiH H$`[` ~fiH Ja#O^#.
K.
=eM~#~=,
12323, =__ gk,

H=fi~ 534 350,
19) H_fl ~ : H=O h `Q_O ^fi~ H_fl Hxfl ~H ~ iQ HiyÒ\~. =iHxfl ~

=Ò ^fi~ |@H `~. JQx Jxfl~ h\`< `#_xH ^. ~ ~H# |\, ~
`~# Oèfl |\ Jq h\` |@ ~=_", H~Q_" J<k P^~_ LO@Ok. HO`=OkH h~ Q
`y#\H H_fl ~=# ^ = LO> =O^ "_@O Qx, P~+< ^fi~ `yOKH=_O Qx Ke. h~
`= `Q "iH =#O fH#fl P~O ^fi~ eH " HeO, PH\ O\q |@ qiOK|_H, Z=Q
L#flq H_fl, =`HO ~ ~O ~O\~. W ~H#fl ~ h Q `y` H~Q`<flO>,
"^@flO_ h Z= `y` ~ `~ J=~" LO_^ H^! D J= _#H~^ H^!
H|\ H_fl ~ `fi~Q H~QO> 7, 8 b@~ h~ `Q_O =Ozk.
H_fl ~ ~
_II =O`# ` <~}~A QiH #=~=`.....
<# JH|~ 99 H_<` ^_` Ju _H~ ^Q~ KOK<fl#. "~ < H_fl ~ L<flx
xOQ K KOKe Jx K~. xOQ < uH_ =_ ~, H_fl ~O_ ~ L#fl@ èOk. P
i` WH P~+< K~OKH"<fl~. JO^Hx #=O|~ x" \\"O@ K~OKO^=x ^~^ =K#.
^~^ = J`QiO\ _II ~A Qi H K^=_O [iyOk. JO^ H_fl ~ Q@#fl ~Q
J#" Kkq ZO` P~xH ##. "O>< H ~# qÔQ h~ `Q@O "^ \#. Hxfl ~A `~"`
x" "#. x" =~ > K < ~ =x K~. Jk <H #=HO H#O` x[O! H=O h` WO`
J^`"# su H_fl ~ Hiy=_O J^Ò. O`+O` P i~ fHo ~A QiH KOK#. Ò <#
K P~QOQ L<fl#. " Y~ P~ +< ` _" HO_ =#HO Q _ ZO` ~Q L<fl#. nxHO`\H H~ #
_II ~AQiH ~fi^ H$`[`.
S.
#~O~=,
Ex~ q [_ H~,
#Ok H@~, H~fl l518 401.
20) =Ò =O@ : h~ `=Q `Q"iH =Ò `= `~=Òk. `= =Ò` s~O #O_ |@
=# i, iH _ O\ =~ ^~ iQ |@ O_ x= LO@ LO\~.
=Ò `= `~ J=fi_O = =Ò zH|_Òk. =Ò HkHkQ |@ "` =O@Q, "_Q
LO@Ok. J_ "_ KO^#Hx OK^~ h, =lQ `y i_`~ Qx h~ =Ò `Q~. =`
^fi~O ~KQ LO_@O =# [#<Ok =^ LO_ Hi èHQ =` ^fi~O ^fi~ =` HxH Ki i<
W<H< = LO\~. J@=O@C_ h~ `= `y` Ki# Hi Z= OY iy~,
h~_ <Q, =O@Q ~=_O, [fi~O ~=_O _ [~QÒk. =O^HO> =YOQ Ke# x, QO@ QO@
Z= h~ `Q_O. ^x=# =`HO O K|_ =Ò =O@ `fi~Q x"iOK|_Òk. =Ò Z_
_ `Q, "# O_ ^~Q "e. J_ =O@ W<H< ~=.
=Ò =O@ `y ~Ok
Q~=h, A J~# _II =O`# ` <~} ~AQi #=~=. < ~ "OH> fi ~, = 29
OII. =k HO l, =iK@O.
g~ K# q^=Q <#, = `=_ "OH@~=, 28 OII, _ u ~E 41/2 #O_ 5 b@~ h~ `y<=. =
WîH =|^H= =O_k. =Ò _ ~OQ =Kk. JC__ =Ò =O@ _ = =O_k. g~ K#
qÔQ h\ =#O =# ~O_ = iQ Q_~. W_ h~ Z= `Q_O =# ZO_ ZO` uiy< W|Ok
JxOK_O ^. K ~Q =<fl=. =YOQ LÔ ~Q_# `Q 11/2 b@~ h~ K LQH~OQ =O\Ok.
Q @| _ `yOk. g~ K|`#fl P~Q = HOîH ZO` LQH~OQ L<fl~. = =O^=O^
=ixfl P~Q x~x HOH, g xfi~ = H$`[` `` g ^ P Dfi~x Pj =O_x
=#iQ H~O@<fl#.
M.
"OH>fi~,
t= ZO@~*, =iK@O
HO l, # : 73119
21) s~O "# : s~O #O_ ^~fi# =<fl~, JO> =~ ^~ qye `<fl~ Jx J~O. =~ ^~
|@ =_O Ô > "\x HiyOz, |@ "x h~ s~O K_O ^x J~O . =#x q~H ="
Q x K#fl\H q~# H HiOK h~ KH =_O =# ==`^, K=@ "# LO\~.
h~ 5, 6 b@~ `Q_O =# < ~O_< s~O #O_ "# K =~ `Q`~.
K=@ "# ~Ok
_H~ `<~}~A Q~, #=!
<# sfi '=~ D* =i (Work is Worship) qOK_O =# qQ` q+ Jq =Oz"<, K_"<
JO`Q >q H^. J~` <# 1993 O=`~O i>~ J#. J\ #O_ P~Q~OQ, =#HOQ, PûHOQ
WOH WOH `H"< `#` aH= Q~r =^ Z.Z.". K QO HeyOk. ^xx =Ozx QOz HO`=~
W\H J=`<fl#. J~` =i 25# g L<O q< QO Hey#k. =#O` "zOk. JH_ L#fl H , 4
Q f =z Kk"#. 26= `s#O_ h~ `Q@O "^\#. Q_ HO_ K =~ L `yOK#.
<# LÔ 1.5 b@~ h~ `y XH QO@ #_=@O [~QK#flk. uiy =K@\H <# "#fl |@hfl K=@#
O_e# iu. < <~ ZH~A, P<, }=O, ^#O JiH XO\ h~g ^#fl@ =O@#flk. "O@<
1.5 b@~ h~ `Q@O [~QK#flk. 11 QO@ =O =~ b@~ h~ `Q@O [~QK#flk. WOHH b@~ P~O
fH#fl ~O_QO@ `~"` fHO@<fl#. D qÔQ <# f~E h\x `Q`<fl#. < = 65 O=`~
H=_O =#<" Z=~ i<H "= =#flk. H" Hfih `QÒ^x Pt<fl#.
< J#"
1.
2.
3.
~fiO < qs`" # K=@ \, P K=@ ^~fi#` _ LO_k. g#fl _ |x# =~ "_x. < K=@
<H W|Ok HeyOKk. qÔ Q h~ `y# ^ K P~H~O Q K=@"# OiQ ~Ok. s~O èH_ O k.
JQ =Ò _ U q^"# ^~fi# ~=_O ^. K=@ \< zH JxOK_O ^.
< Z\#O_ H_|~O LO_k. x"~}H Jxfl `fl K#. J~` eÒ H~Ok. Q_ ~E 3
b@~ h~ `Q"_x, Hx ~# =O fH^. JO> P~O f#fl "O@< `Q"_x. nx=# QO@#fl~
`~fi` 'H_|~O "^k. D q^<xfl J#iOz h~ `Q_O =# r~H "~Q_ H_|~O ~Ok.
W_ q~K#O LÔ, OÒ XH x=+O J=K#flk. Q_ _ Jk Hx, WO` Q WO` `fi~Q
Jk H^.
h\x `Q@O` e` `fi~" HQ@O= g~ K# qQ` P~ x=hfl \OK< LÒ iy "\x

_ "^ \#. J~` XH OÔ LOk. Z= h~ `Q@O =# H_fl g^ Z= _ _@O, K=@, i< ^fi~
~ ^xH x [~QO_ LO> KxOk. J#=O` K g=@ ^fi~, J Z\ i`# [~Q^x
qfiOKK<fl#. Qex Q", = =\_"iH, J#= ~fiH=Q =\_"iH < J#" H.
g~ è H$u r=# q^#Ox h\ ^~xfl \Oz< ^xH ZO` " HQÒ^#H=_O ZO\ OÔ
^ . q $^ O` g~ WK '"} PHH ~ " # ,
"# q=~} Hx_ ^y#q. xfi~ i` =*xH "
K#fl g Ô K Hx_^y#k. D O^~OQ XH q#flO.
s~ ^~ QiOz < è#O` =~ giz# qÔQ O~"# q=~} WOHH_ q#^. JQ =#=_
fH< Qe, h~, P~O, s~Ox U J=" U qÔQ LQ_ =#=xH LHi q=~OQ è HO
"=i [OîH WOH ZO` LQ_Òk. JO`H^ g~ K H$+H WOHO` HiO^x < #=HO.... WH
=O\!
W@ ^ g "} PH K =H
K.V.V.
K.V.V
^,
W.<O. 59711/3, PK~ ~OQ \,
H* Z^~Q, ~=KO^#Q~, q["_8, < : (0866) 470030
22) (=OY) : q~K#= Q "x "iH D W|Ok =Ok. Q =O Q\_, O\H H\, Q
JO@Hx Òk. h~ K#O^= =O D ~HOQ `~=Òk. W Q\_# =xfl qiOK_xH |=O`#
=H_O =# =O_ O\ =O Q Q_x ~H <# pO@ "Ok. ^x` q~K#O` ~HO_@O,
P#O ^Q~ qs`"# <, =O@ HQ`~. nxHO`\H H~}O h~ `= `Q_O. h~ Z=Q `Q_O =#
q~K#O =$^=Q, Q "Òk. q~K#O Q "_O =# =# ^ LO_^. ~HO _@O iQ `QÒk.
Hxfl ~H iQ h\`< `Q`~. h~ `y< L=#O HQÒk Qx i x"~} HOî q+O
[~Q^.
`Q~
N` =O`# ` <~} ~A QiH #=~=!
<# " "k` 1991 O=`~xH =O^ K ^ _ P~ +< K~OKHO\x. `~ "` ~ O_ =_ O=`~=
W|Ok O_ [iy#k. `~"` =~ Q_ J#qOz# ^ "^#k. \\ "o#_ f="# <` =
q~# [iQ_k. ^x` ~HO _ _KO__k. qQ` = _ < èO_ ~HO_ ^=u `__k.
~H~H "^ q^< K qQKOk ~O_=i 1999 O=`~O #=O|~ < z=~ =~ P~+< K~OKHO\x.
`~"` _ < YO H#|_^. rqÒÒ < YO LO_^x ^_`#fl =O = Q=O "^\iQ
g~ "# ''i~ P~QxH H$u r=# q^#= J# H= Q` O=`~O [#=i < =z#q. = q`_ P
HO Wz nx ##fl "^ q^#O \OK=x K_. ^xx Kkq =~\ ~A J#Q k. 1.2.2000 = `n# LÔ 6
QO@ XH b@~ =Ozh~ `y QO@Hi b@~ K# =_~ `yux. =_~ `Q@O i HQ< kQ@
O_, ~|Ok O_ Y q~K#O [iy#k. #`# a Q=O`_ JOkOz# H#HQ g H= <
LQ_#k. P ~A#O_ D ~A=~ H=O Ò_ ~A S^ b@~ K# =Ozh~ `Q@O = Yr=#O
Q_K<fl#. " "k iQ `y~#k. JO`HH u~E q~K#O Q J=` ZO` ~Q L<fl#.
W_ g~ K# W`~ H$u q^< _ \OK_O ~OaOK#. < W_ 70 O=`~ Q_z#q. +
rq`xfl YOQ Q_ Q #x PtOKK<fl#. < iK =#fl ~`~ _ g "^ q^#=# QiOz q=iOKK<fl#.
<#fl "k` Z<fl W|O^# JkQqOz rq`Hxfl P#OÔQ Q_\xH J=HO HeyOz# g < H$`[`
`H#K<fl#.
î |=,
i>~ \K~,
H~O, QO@~ l.
23) e`# : u<@C_ P~O` h~ `Q_O =# Qx, u#fl "O@< h `Q_O =# e`# =K
J=H=Ok. P~O h\` He fH=_O =# J~QO_ Z= =O @, Q< LO@Ok. W x=
L#fl P~O Ok. ^x` x `# =~. J^ h~, P~O u#fl ~O_ QO@ `~fi` `y` P~O
èHQ, `fi~Q r~=Òk H|\ e J=HO LO_^. Z= h~ `Q_" HO_, `Q=# h~ i#
=O `Q_O =# WO\ W|O^ #O_ |@_=K.
`# `Q~
<# XHC_ =Ozh K `=Q `Q "}. Jk _ [#O` He `Q"}. < è# ^y~ #O_ ~AH
XHi L^<fl q~K#O Jk. Jk _ J~QO@ `~" ~O>< Jk. WQ = ``Q~ ~O_@
q~K#O J"fix J#<"~. JkH^. P~fiÔ, WOw+ =O^ q~K#O J=fi_O HO "_"~. J~< "+<
iQ JkH^. P# =Ozh K `= `Q"~. = ^Q~# XH WOw+ _H~ = ``Q~ q~K#O J=fi_O
Ô> ~"^, 1, 2 ~A J=fiH~< ~"^ J<"~. J q~K<xH Z= ~=_O =# yH (ifl)
=zOk. ^xH P~+< K~.

W_ < = 35 OII. 2012000 `n #O_ Q H "#. JO^ XH H$u "^_ K# H~O
[<xH J~QO@ =O^ J~QO@ `~fi` h `Q_O "^ \#. Wk =~ [#O `~fi` ~O_ @ `#
=Kq. D qÔQ h~ `Q_O =# HO`=~ `y#q. _II `<~}~A Qi H Kkq P# K# H~O
[#O `~fi` ~O_ QO@ h~ `Q_O "^ \#. nx =# < iQ `# ~=_O `yOk. u#fl"O@<
`QO_ _H~ Q~ K# H~O 2 QO@ Py `Q_O =# KH\ eÒ HxOzOk. W\H 3 < #O_ H=O
Ò_ _H~ Q~ K# qÔQ ~AH 5, 6 b@~ h~ `Q`<fl#.
LÔ "^\i 11/2 b@~ `QH "+< J=Òk. ~O_=i 11/2 b@~ `QH =~ "+< J=Òk.
=~ OÒ 5 QO@ 1 b@~ h `y` =~ XHi "+< J=Òk. D qÔQ q~K#O < KCK`
J KH Q#. J\#O_ ` <~}~A Qi qQ` H = hfl Kkq P ~A #Op PKi< fl#.
< QÒ i "k =Ok. Jk D q^#O "^ \H Q `Q=YO \Ok. 68 Hr |~= =#fl"} 63
Hr `Q#. @ Q Z=Q =O_k. @ W_ Q `yOk. D qÔQ JO^~ h\ ^~xfl \Oz "i"i
n~~Q# x"iOKH=K#.
T.V.
T.V
~=~A,
HÔ_~= "_H,
H$#Q~, qY@flO.
24) ZO_ `@H< H ~Q_O : ZO_ uiQ@_ K~O "_Òk. P "_#O_ K~xfl ~HOK_xH s~O h~
K=@ ~O Pqi J=Òk. h~ `= `Q "iH, `= K=@ \ K~O "_x `@H< Hx HÒk. h~
Z= `y#O^=# ZO` ZO_ #~< K~xH W|Ok O_ =O@Ok. Hu~Q_O, =_^| `Q_O O\
W|O^ _ ~=_xH J=HO LO_^.
h~ < e@ =~"Ok
[h, ^= fi~# N =O`# ` <~}~AQi ^^ = $^ ~fiH #=~=. <~
M^~H. = 40 OII.
J#O`~O, ~q_ ~O`=O# _II ~AQ~ qK#_ g H L<O q#_O [iy#k. Jk < rqÒ
J^`"# =. ZO^K`#O> <# Q` 18 OIIQ Z<fl lH "` qy "~`<fl#. 17 OIIH q"O J=_O,
"O@< H#, Q~ qzu, =_ J < P~QO ~= ~OQ <#=~Ok. Z_= K~ H"Ò =z#@
iQ xKH =_O, s~O = H=_O, <C, x^q, kQ K=@, h~O, U h KH =_O. ~xfl ^H
^` rq`" rqOKe Jx =# XH> qK~O. |uH |` P~Q P#OÔ ^. 10 OII HÒ S.S.Y.
K#. Hxfl |" fi J~. J~` 100 Ò i P~QO ~^. < P^~ D J<~QO H~}OQ h~Hi
=O^< Jx ^_`<fl#. g\H `_ D =^ He=_= ^|`ye < ~O" Jk iy #_=x=fiO_
}O `_Ok. P~_H =^Ho pain killers "_` `Q`~. P` Hk~AH =m ~OO.
D u PÔ^=x, ^"O O`x _H~Q~, "i H iK QO HeyOk. x[OQ <\ "i
@ g~ H~}Oz#, Hê=z# ^=_. Wxfl O=`~ < P"^# HH i~ =~O îHOk. =[=, P^~ Jhfl
^ "##fl O`+O HQÒk.
_H~Q~ HO "# qÔQ =Ozh `Q_O ~OaOz# 3= ~A#O_ H<C =@=O. qQ`
^hfl iQ `y~, ''P~Q=O> W^ J< J#=O HQÒk.
ZO_HO <e@O. JO` ^~O ZO_ K< < =K=@, h~O. ZO` h~=O> =iOK#. <\=@
~^. s~=O` =}. Hu~Q@, pH@ H=@. J_Q" è _O` x`=. r=K=O <#. W_ P u iQ
J^$O. ZO_ ~Q P\ ZHO_ " ^~O < #_z "QQ`<fl#. '<<< Jx P~O` _# P#OÔ.
Wk =~ K=@ _`
, =O` QK#fl@ Wi>+< , "#, J O. D K=@` <<O ` J_ #. =# z#fl
PK# Hey<, s~O J@ W@ Hke< K=@, z#fl z#fl H kQK=@. pp Uq\ Y~ Jx JxOKk. W_ P ^
`yO k. K=@ \< h` O K O@#fl> LOk ` K=@ HO^ . |@ "#=. s~O "# ^ . Wk=~ #fl
'~H PHe ~Ok.
=# Q O`` J#= OH =Ok. ^#u
< ^ =O\Ok. ~=<fl J#=~" # PK# ~=_O ^ .
W^ J^`"# =~. <<O`Q< Ja+OK =~. =#O K =, [= J~Ok. HO, ^fi+O O\ <y\"
eOQ iQ =O. q+xfl H=O [_ KOk ` ^xH J\K H=_O ^ =#. Q=n` H$+~=` K#
=H u J#=OH =Ok. O, iH`#O O\ J=H} ~, lOH Q UH"Q ~x, z _Q x
KQQ`<fl#. _H~ Qi |}O f~H#.
#=~=`
G.
M^~H ,
W/o. G.S.G. ^,
" H"" +< , #HO_,
J#O`~O l.515110.
25) P= : ^~}OQ P= L#fl "iH =O^Q ~O, `= O\q = =O\~. h `y` ~O,
^Q Z= J=`x h `= `Q`~. ^x` q< Z= `~=`~. Wk H=OQ POH
kOÒk. "^\#O_ h~`Q J"@ LO> Zsg P=Q =~=. P= =z# "~ ~AH 5, 6 b@~ Q~
"Kx h~ `y` fi< "HzOz, Hiy èHQ |@ `~. ^x` PO `yÒk. H=O
h `Q_O =# iQ `y# " Hk =Ok LO> 5060% L=#O HeQ"~ Z= =Ok LO\~. P~O
LC=x" iQ PO `QÒk.
80 U = `y# P
"=O` _II =O`# `<~}~A Q~ JOkOz# 'H$u r=# q^#= J#i P~Q=O`" rq<fl=.
D r=# q^#= Jxfl = "iH, "iH U ~Q=<fl, Zxfl O=`~Q L<fl, Zxfl =O^ "_< P ~Q#
iQ `yOz O~ P~Q=O`Q K@O x= J< q+= = @O|O |A= J~Ok.
= J=Qi = 82 OII. 35 OII HÒ P" ^~+< K Q~Oz `yOz<~. `~"` P" P~QO
_~` Ju _H~QiH KOK=. "~ ^~~_ |" Jx K rqÒÒ =O^ qOQe, J_ HO\
LO@Ok Jx `~. P" JQ OIIQ "_#k. z=iH P"H 70 OII =K@\H P= "^~Ok. qs`"#
^ LO_k. e`, PO =Kk. XHHi Z_ìx ^Q =z Ho |@_k. O\|\H Z=Q
"_OK"~. *Q`Q LO_=x, Z=Q # K^x, _x ^~g u#=^h K~.
W@=O\ i` _II ~A Qix He Q~"K\ h~ P# K# û `Q=x K~. = J=` J
`Q=x Ka` : WH =e^xfl J~# H^, <HO^ D h `Q@O, Jx =O^H `Q#k, D h `y`
`yÒ^! <# ''XH KH _ `Q# JOk. WH J H^x Pq_# < ^Q~ LOKx "^\ |=OÒQ< h\x
`Q@O J"@ K#. H" P" =~=z h~ `Q_O "^\~. PO, e` ~. W_ 'P=
iQ `y=_" HO_, 7, 8 OII HÒ #O_ P" L#fl ''~ |" _ `y~#k. W_ JO` =
_ `# #hfl `< KO@<fl~. Q^ T_fi@O, =O@ KH=_O, h `_@O "IIQ #hfl KHQQ`<fl~.
JO`H< fl P~Q"=Ok! J^$+" =Ok! W_ P" qQ` P~ x= _ \Oz WOH P~QOQ LO\#O@<fl~ .
^=
W/o. N ~=KO^~=
*~O, `}. # : 54314
26) H <C : H O^ lQ~ `y# "iH H <C, = LO\~. h `= `Q "iH P lQ~
`=Q `~=Òk. h~ Z= `Q_O =# lQ~ Ò ~QÒk. JO` HO_ h ~H~} _
Q J=Òk. ^~}OQ |~= Z= L#fl "iH H <C Z= LO\~. h `Q_O ^fi~ |~= `Q_O
=# _ H <C HO` =~ `Q`~. H <C =z# H` J~` h `Q_O =# K =~
`Q`~. K HO #O_ H <C L#fl"~ J~` h `Q_O =# JO` [#O LO_H =K.
~O_ < `y# "H<C
=~[N =O`# ` <~} ~AQi #=~=` Nx"~= "#k. < = 38 O=`~.
< "H <C, H h~ =zOk. HO^ ~O> =O_ qsÒQ ^_"}. ZH_ ~O> JH_
x^=z =`Q =O_k. < |~= _ Z=. 90 Hr =O_"_x. [#=i < sH K~OKO> +Q~ _ =#fl@
èOk. 722001 # g OQO qx =~<\ #O_ g H K^=` PKi<fl#. h ~AH 6, 7 b@~ `QO_
`Q`<fl#.
842001H < |~= 80 Hr =zOk. Wk =~ < q~K#= _ iQ Jk H^. W_ 2, 3 ~ Q
q~K#= J=Òk. "H <C P~OQ ~O_ << `y#q. W_ iQ "H <C ^ `y~Ok. `
KO_ _ `yOk. 4 O=`~= #O_ =}H@ ^Q~ `=K =#flk. W_ P =K _ `QK#flk. fl<xH |
"_@O ^. `x |@` ~^Hx fl#O KO> s~O OQ, ##flQ "~ =Ok. LC "_@O iQ =x"_O
=# H h~ _ iQ `yOk. <x_ Jxfl ^ `y ~Q =<fl#. <# '5 J_Q 8 JOQ Z` =<fl#.
D q^<xfl WQ J=` WOH 10 Hr `Qx J#HO@<fl#. ~E ~Q ~O, "Hu# yO[, J#fl=
`yOz O_, Kf, ~ Z=Q uO@<fl#. W_ +Q~ <~Q =Ok. _II =O`# `<~}~A Q~ g\OQ
K=hfl J= ~ K =Ok [ =O^` x O_ P~Qxfl Q KHO@<fl~. x[OQ _II =O`#
`<~}~A Q~ ^= fi~. P# $+H~ P~~Q# kOKx Q=O`x i<fl#.
Nx"~=
_~ <O. 1973, |O_q@
XOQ523 001
27) \, H g^ u iQ Òk : =#HOîH z# "O@< \, H `Q_O J"@. XHi J"@

JH g\x =#_O KH+O. P~QxH =Oz^x Z_` LÔ =_ b@~ h~ `Q_O ~OaOK~, LÔ
QO@ HH b@~ KC# P 3 b@~ `QiH \,H g^ u iQ Òk. s~xH =Oz J"@ KO> K_
J"@ "@O`@" `~.
J"@# =i# h~
=~[N [h _II =O`# `<~}~A QiH K~i "OH\= #=iOz "#k.
HÒ O=`~O O|~ < g L<O q< QO Hey#k. J\ #Op g L< [~=` Z<fl H`
q+ Ò@ P~#O^ Q~#. =O^Q <# g~ K# h\ ^~xfl ~OaOK#. H=# h\x
H=OQ fH#_O =# < J#= =# `K<fl#.
Zxqk < =O^ J#Q g~ iKO J=H=O^ < P~QO i^. =|^HO, `<, =<C, Q
Jux^, ~Ò^ x^~ @H =_O, zH, H=, xO^ ^ H =@ LO_k. q~K#= #O^ ~H= _ HxOz#k.
Jk K
= Hey#k. = <#flQiH " "k LO_@O` "i ^ # K# < =iO`
= Hey#k. W@=O\
i` g L<O q#fl `~"` h\ ^~O H=OQ PKiOK#. HhO 5 b@~ h~ `Q`<fl#. W K@O =#
< "^ \# "~O< =Oz =~ =z#q. =O^Q q~K#= Q J~#k. ~H= =~ K_^ . =O\<C,
`<C `y#q. zH ^. `= =Oz PK#` L<fl#. WO\ _ O`=Q LOk. h\^~O H=OQ
PKiOKH =O^ ~E HhO 6 ~ \ H fH< "_x. J~< `$^. WOH fH"xOKk. WO\H "Q<
\, \... J< "_x. [# =O, _< =O, J~~u W Z_ |_` J_ \ `Q"_x. K_ Z=Q u<"_x.
H~O Z=Q "_ "_x. fi@ _ JuQ u<"_x. @, fi@ qsÒQ uO@ Jk XH q+=Q qOK"_x.
=O= #O^ u Z=. Z=Q u<"_x, u#Q< x^~ =Kk. z# `~"` =m Uk uO^= JxOKk. JQ
z~uO_ _ Q u<"_x. _OH `Q"_x. Zxfl `y< WOH WOH `Qx OKk. J#flO u<@_ =Ozh~
Z=Q `Q"_x. < ~# JkK~, Wk K~ JO@ `~OK "_x. =O_# Ô\ QO Q << u<"_x. qye#k
"~ u<"~. J~< JO`$. Pk"~O = < ~ < =O@ KH h~Oz k.
ZC_` _H~Qi ^=# h `Q@O ~OaOK< J\flOp <#fl J"@hfl XHiQ =i~<~. \,
H `Q@O =x"#. Jux^, |^HO ~ K~Q P~QOQ L<fl#. Y x^Y q~K#O =# ZO`
Òk. WÔ` H=O h\^~O PKiOK_O =# =zOÔ> ZO` O`+=Q L#flk. Wk =~ < ~# <# uO_
Qi |u=_"_x. W_ P" ##fl Wk u#O_Jk u#O_, H `QO_ JO@#flk. q+O K#. "~ _ =~`~x
< #=HO.
` J"@hfl =~_O =# W_ `$Q L<fl#. K_ PK# fi eH =Oz =~= xOKK<fl#.
K=OkH < J#=O K|`<fl#. "~ _ D q^<xfl PKiOK_xH LÒ K`<fl~.
_| Y~O_, ^~ O_ U q^"# Ô_ K_ J"@# =~H"O> Wk XH> =~O Jx <
q+ O |A= J~#k.
K~i "OH\=,
Z.\ JQ~O, 11= #,
QO@~.
28) <\` : <\` ~=_xH >#<, =|^HO, aq@q< O "IIq H~} K=K. h~ Z=Q `y`
<\` =~ =#flk. ZO^ =~ =#fl^ H~}O èH ~< =Ò eÒ Hx#flk.
<\`KO_ `Q~
=~[N `<~} ~AQiH #=iOz =k HO_#fl "#k U=#Q, g~ K#@Q <# =Ozh~ ~E
H=û
`Q`<fl#. Q` O=`~O #O_ h~ D q^= Q `Q`<fl#. < J#= =# kQ= "K<fl#.
1.
Wk =~ `~K < <\` =Kk. J@=O@C_ J#flO u#_O _ H+=k. h `Q@O ~OaOz#
Hxfl ~AH <\` iQ `y~#k. W\ =~ =~ HxOK^.
2.
A@ ~e=_O, ` KO_ LO_k. KO_ `y~ A@~@O _ Py#k.
3.
Wk =~ < Ô`= H=_O =# Z=Q r~= HH q~K#= J_q. W_ J HO_ r~H
"~Q_# k.
4.
`<, <\ ^~fi# _ iQ ~. WH ^xH =O^ "_#=~O ^< ^~= =z#k.
WÔ` g H K"!
=k HO_#fl
29) Jga : 'Z#g \H J< XH ~H"# Hq= Q =K "kx Jga JO\~. nx= H
H#|_ H}O q~K#O =\=\H J=fi_O, lQ@` H_ <` J=fi_O. D "k ^ Q O|OkOz#^x
K=K. nx= Q Q_ L#fl lQ~ ~ ^|ux O_ `~=`~. D "k x= LO> O_ WOH
e ~# _ u<~.
Q =O x= L#flC_ D H= Z= ~Q_xH J=HO LO@Ok. h Z= `Q_O =# lQ~
~ P~QOQ LO\~. q~K#= Q Z\HC_ "_O =# =|^H= `y~ èHQ D "k
`QÒk.
Jga ~Ok
< ~ [Q<fl^~ =. < = 50 O=`~. <# O^< +
_ _ \ "<[~Q K < fl#. < 25
O=`~Q =|^HO, Jga LOk. < ~ ^fi~ D H= Kkq 6 b@~ h~ `Q@O "^\<#.
"^\ H_ u@, PHe HH=@O LOk. Hx @^` =#O_ `Q@O "^\#. H=H=OQ <
~Q` `y h\x `Q\xH J"@_#. < èO_< ~A Q "+< J=fi@O "^ J~Ok. JO`
=O^ `~" K ~= =Kk. W_ K Q "+< J=`#flk. `~"` H_<, Jga
_ ~Ok. "~xH XHi 'Zx= _ KO@<fl#. XH h\ =< <# nxx kOK#.
K.
[Q<fl^~=,
_\ "<[~, __H + i~,

O^< +
~, qY@flO.
30) uq~ : H, K` z=i Q ~H~} iQ [~Qx H~}OQ uq~ =~. h `= `Q "iH

uq~ Z=Q LO\~. h Z= `Q_O =# s~O x Jxfl Q ~H ~} Q J=fi_O =# uq~
`Q `
~.
31) [fi~ : HO` =OkH p\H =\H [fi~ =O\~. s~O LO_ ^# `yOKH< `flO [fi~
|@ _` LO\~. h u~E Z= `Q_O J"@ KH#fl `~fi` s~Ox =~ ^~ `yOK|_
~HO, H} i==_O =# [fi~ ~=_O `Q`~. [fi~O =z#_ Z= h `Q_O ^fi~ _ [fi~O
K `fi~Q `QÒk.
\x, [fi~O `Q~ :
[h# _H~ QiH #=~=`....
< ~ 'h+. <# 9= `~Q u
K^ =K<fl#. <# 7= `~Q u
#O_ '"@~^~ K < fl#. _H~ Q ~ K # D
H < ZO`Q< L Q_ O k. < =|^H O LO_k. Jk iQ `y ~#k. =YOQ <# 7= `~Q u K^ =`#fl _
'\x ~< LO_k. Wk ##fl ZO`Q< ^\Ok. nx=# < Kq@, [fi~O `~KQ =Kq. \x "z~,
<Q LO_ Ug u#_xH _ LO_k H^. J\ #O_ =Oz h i# q^=Q `Q@O =# W_ < K
èHQ LOk. \x <, Kq@ J ~^ W\ =~.
~AH 4 #O_ 5 b@~ h~ `QK<fl#. < =Ò "# ~=_O ^. ^<fl z# "O@< "O H_< =O^
h~`y "+<H "_O, "O H_x =m h~ `y "+<H "_O ~E < H. W KO> < H" s~H
P~QO`@, =#H LO _ aOzOk, W_ i P~QO` L#fl@ < Jx O k. ZO^HO> < 3 O=`~=
#O_ [fi~O Qx '\x ~<Qx =~ W`~ =Qx ~^. < P~QO @ < WOH O ^. <O\
_O\, , ^ JO^~ _ _H~ Q~ K# qÔQ =Ozh `y` ZO` Mxfl, P~Qxfl O^`~x <
#=HO. ##fl W P~Q=O`_Q K# _H~ =O`# `<~}~A QiH H$`[` Ò@<fl#.
U.
h+,
S/o. U. O|t=~= ,
Pk` aH , PHg_.
< : 53100, 54100
32) # \ : KHO =~O `QO_ L#fl"iH # @| = =O\~. nx =# = ay

=_O, `< O\ W|O^ U~_`~. h Z= `Q_O =# s~Ox =~ ^~ `fi~Q `yO|_@O
=# = ~#fl lQ~_ K|_ |@ <@|_Òk. # @| L#fl "~ Q~ "K\ h~ `Q_O
=#, =MxH h\ Pqi @_O =# `fi~Q L=#O HQÒk.
# @| `yOk
< ~ ~=. <# OuxH`< #O^ 6 O=`~= #O_ \K~Q xKK<fl#. < Q` 10
O=`~=Q # @| =Ok. u O=`~O KeHO K W|OkH Q~"}. O\ |\H Z<fl ~H
"_#. Jq `èHOQ L=#O HeOKq Hx < ^ `Q^.
O=`~O HO^@ h\H LQxfl = > ^Qi ^fi~ `<fl#. P# _II `<~}~A
Q~ K# qÔQ h\ ^~xfl \, JOîH ^xx q+`# è* =O\~. "^@ <# ^x QiOz JO`
iQ fH^. `~fi` H=OQ L^<fl J~b@~ h~ fH=_O "^ \#. `~"` 3, 4 b@~ =~ u~E
fHO@<fl#. 3 < Q_KiH < K J^`"# eÒ HxOzOk. KeHO = H~^. [| J <^.
iQ `y~Ok. XH O\ |\H =` _ "_e# J=~O ~^. H=O h~ `Q_O ^fi~ WO` =Oz eÒ
JOk#O^ <# W_ ZO` O`+OQ =<fl#. H$ u q^#O ^fi~ e <O\ ZO`=Ok O`xH H~}==`#fl
_II =O`# `<~}~AQi H$`[` ` HO@<fl#.
B.
~= (\K~)
Qy~, OuxH`< ,
^~^43.
HO ~Ok!
<# 3 < #O_ _H~ ` <~}~A Qi L< qx, H Kkq H$ u q^#O ~OaOK#. JxflO\HO >
=YOQ ~AH 5 b@~ h~ H=û `QK<fl#. `"~*=# 1.5 b@~, LÔ 812 QO@ 1 b@~,
=^flO 1.5 b@~ =i OÒ, ~u ~O_ =O 1 b@~ h~ `QK<fl#. D qÔQ h\x i#
su `Q@O =# Q` Hxfl O=`~Q <#fl =|^HO, Q iQ ~ W_ Yq~K#= JQK#flk. =YOQ
h\x D qÔQ `Q@O =# s~O =e<hfl jOQ qiO|_ JO`=O^ <#fl z~, H= ~ W_
i O`` K i#k. K x H=û
, LÒ, =#H O`#O Hey#k. <#fl a.. _ HO\ J~#k.
D qÔQ H$u ` \, H=O Ò_ u~E 56 b@~ h~ q ([[O K) Ju `=
HO< = O\ q^"` O~ P~QO K~Ò^x Pt#.z=~Q XH=@! N `<~} ~A Qi
L< qO@O>, < =Ò N Q"< `~ =\_#@Ok. ZO^=# JO> N `~ O ~
`<~} ~A H|\. N ~AQi H$u q^#O WOH Q K~O H=#x, JO^~ PKiOz P~QQO O^x
PHOH! P +i_~, `~, N ~AQifl Pj~fikOK=#x i.....
K.S .
~=~=,
x, `fi Ex~ H,
`_eQ_O 534 101.
QO_ |~= `yO k

N =O`# `<~}~AQiH, H. ~<~} #==O[e.
< = ~_ 73 O=`~=. < 1996 =i QO_ [| =zOk. J\H LÔ "HOQ 3 H.g. #_
LO_"_x. W..l. f ~ HOO\ J<fl~. 15 x. g^ #_z< PO ~^. J\#O_ ~[=O_ ~
+e =^ =O^ "_` =<fl#. 1998 O. "HOQ 3 H.g. #O_ 200 g@~ kQ*i#k. #_ =<fl, |~=x
K< `k=Q =z, `~fi` K` |~= ZHq. ~OH =O^ #_z<, xK<, QO_ |~= ZHk. J_ #_=_O
P K_O Qx, Sorbitrate-5 mg (<eH HO^ @H"e) \@ "H"e. JC_ |~= `Qk.
1998 OII ^~^ H~, x= @ KOKHx x= OlQO K~OK<fl#. x="~
< ~i K~OKH"<fl~. <# x= _H~# < ~s K~OK#fl `~"` =O^ "_#=~O =O_Ô_ Jx
J_y<#. =O^ "_` =O_x J<fl~. =O^ "__O =O> < ~s K~OKH#x K=z "<=.
2000 O. E < N Z". `<~}~AQi ^= g\OQ x_^" [iy#_ <# g\OQ "o "i
J="# L<= qx "~ "# H= Hx g\OQ =~\ ~A #O_ LÔ b@~ h `Q_O ~OaOz
3 < 5 b@~ h `Q_O J"@ K<fl#. 5 b@~ h `y# Q~` Hk~A "Hu# yO[, LC O_
[#O K#. <# 8 Hr |~= `Q#. <# |~= `y h~OQ Hx#flO^# = @O|O "~ [#O =Q~
q+O HiOK_O =x "#O^# "~ =O_< M~ [#O uO@ L<fl#. 5 b@~ h `Q_O ~\=~
=#^. 5 b@~ h LÔ =Q< 13/4 b, "HOQ, ZH~A J~# `~"` 13/4 b, =^flO [#O 1/2 QO@
=O^ 1/2 b, OHO 41/2 QO. 1/2 b, 5.00 #O_ 5.30 QO. \< () ~u [#O 1/2 QO@ =O^ 1/
2 b "Ò 5 b@~ h~ `Q`<fl#. P~O f<@C_ h `Q_O^.
5 b@~ h~ `y#O^# e `= :
1.
2.
3.
6.
LÔ Q q~K#O, "HOQ, ZH~* J~# `~"` h` He q~K#O.

Wk=~ q~K#= #~Q O_q. WC_ iQ `y~#q.
a.. `y# k, +Q~ `y# k. q~K#= lQ~ `y# k.
Ju =O^ =# iQ q~K#= Jk H^. WC_ =O^ "_` =#fl\H Q q~K#= J=`
L#flk.
7.
L^ O "HOQ XH Hg@~ #O_ ~ O_ Hg@~ =~ #_ =<fl#.
10. [#O K# "O@< #_ =O> ~ |~= ZH_= ^.
11.
u _O|~, [#=i QO` #O_ Ho =Kk W_ ~=_O ^.
12. ~u =k|_ = Qe HH "_x. = _ "<"_x. ~_ P ^ ^.
14. x_^"< _H~ a.q. QH$+ Z"._., ([#~) Qi =^ KH K~OKO@<fl#. 2000 _O|~Q xH~<
J< \\ "__O =x"<#. 2001 =i #O_ "<>\ \\ =x"<#. ~C_ i>\ 10 q.Q.
\\
"_`=<fl#.
15. 2001 [#=i #O_ Y~~O, `< "_` =<fl#.
16. "_ "@ ZH kQH "_x. WC_ Ju =Q ZH kQ` =#fl\H PO, ~ |~= ~=_= ^.
_H~ Z". ` <~}~A Q~ K # P~ x= iQ \Oz#>`
[#=i 2001 #O_ =O^ =x" _O
[iQk. 5 b@~ h `Q_O =# ~xfl e`= Hey#O^ `<~}~AQiH < #==O[e.
K.
~<~}
i>~ ~_ W<H~ (P~ JO_ a)

_~ <O. 511, =r^M< gk,
x_^"534 301.
# : 0881321520.
HO ~Ok
_II =O`# ` <~}~A QiH $^ ~fiH ^# "^=.
< ~ =^^# ~. <# KHO #O_ HO` ^_`<fl#. _H~Qix He "~ Q~"K\ h~ ~H
_ iQ ~#k. a.. =O^ =x"#. W_ ZO` P~QOQ L<fl#. u =x+ _ h~ `Q_O JOz
P~Qxfl O^@ "# =i H$u kOz# =~" J=$` [#=.
A~fi^= #O^
=^ ` I K I
=H#I PQ < =#II
[= #O^ HtOK K`
# "# }Hx O^@, J=$`" # h~ qOz#K =# ~QO (^Y=) #tOz P~Q=
=$k K H=K.
|+ kOz# D P~Q `=# [OîH PK~}`HOQ JOk#fl _II =O`# `<~}~A Q~
^# .
P.
=^^# ~,
*u+,
K#fl@, =~OQ l506 221.
z=i =@
POÒ D ''h~g~ Hxfl z=i =~ Kkq# g JOîH < Ja#O^#. P~Q#flOkOK H#
Wxfl rO> K^=_xH |^H~x JO^~ JO@ LO\~. Hh g FH, ^ P~QO @ g L#fl Ja+
ZO`#flk `#flk. =Oz H# K^"#H=_O XH Z`, iQ =# \ J~O KO@ i Hxfl
K^=_O =~H Z`. W_ g~ D ~O_ ^# i K~. WOH g~ K=#q ~O_ L<fl~. Kkq
J~O K#fl q+xfl u ~E |~xH ZH =~ =##O K_O "^\k. JQ =# Zxfl =Oz
q+
<fl

[#O LO_^ . P

[#O J<k i PK~}
^fi~ Qh ~^. =i WO` H+
_
g, PKiOK_O
JO` H+O H^x < #=HO. |~ xH ZH# =Oz q+
xfl u
H~}
kQ PKiOK_O J<k ~ O_=k. WH D
~A#O_ g k#K~ h~ =Y"# `# W rq`xfl y~x Pt<fl#. =O^Q \, H, _OH
`Q_O J< K_ J"@# iQ =<x Q\Q =# @Hx h\x `Q_O ~OaOKO_. 4,5 ~A "\
g^ g HiH `Q_=, g~ "\x iQ =ke"_= [~QÒk. ~Q_# ~O_ ^Q ~O_ b@~ h~
`Q `flO KO_. WOH ~O_ b@~ h\x Q\@ `Q `flO KO_. H+OQ LO> =O^ =_ b@~
J"@ KHx H" OKO@ "O_. |=OÒQ U h K_^. =# h\ =Oz JaO
_` W+O J^ =Ok. J J"@Q, "Q 5 b@~ h~ `Q_O <~HO_. h\`< K =OkH Y q~K#O
J=Òk. D ~ O_\ H~H` =# ZO` =Oz J"@ =z#@. h\x ` Q@_ =K z#fl z#fl W|O^#
HO "#@Q Kkq `yOK< `flO KO_. g h~ `Q_O Q J"@ J=~ U W|Ok
JxOz< Jk =# =OzH [~Q`#fl^x QiOz =O^ "O_.
g~ W\H ZO` H+_ h\ ^fi~ =K xfl O^_xH ufl<fl~. g i P~QxH D h\ ^~O
XH> K^. qQ` ^~# _ `Hx PKiOK `flO g~ q+` K= LO@Ok. g#fl
W|O^, =O^ iQ O_ rq`xfl YOQ yOKO>, H$u r=#q^#O g ZO` HiO^x
=Ò =~=HO_.
g~ h\ ^~xH `_Q P~ ^~xfl _ `Hx WO\ PKiOK_O ~Oa K QO@Ok. P
~xfl g èO> <# WO` ~fiO "# qQ` H# K^=<~OaOKO_. èq` "\x
PKiOKO_. =#O
H $ ux P^~OQ K Hx rqOK_O WH<<
`H"e. =#O WO\ èH
u
~E Z<fl
` K P~Qxfl _ KO@<fl=. =#O r=# q^<xfl =~O> ` P iH=. =i WH g
JO^~ J g r=# q^<# g WO\ =~Hx, =Oz J"@`, =Oz x=` g @O|O JO` Y
O`` rq~x
=#~ H~O@<fl#. =#

`flO`@ `Q ~= Pj _ `_O>, U P@OH
O_, ^~OQ =O^ yQO. JO\ =Oz Pj, n"# g JO^~ `_Q x"x
$^~fiHOQ i,
// H= d< =O` //
#=~=`,
=O`# `<~}~A
_II =O`# `<~}~A Q~

~zOz# P~Q QO^=
(Yr=# < })
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Yr=# <
P~OPK#
(Yr=# < 2)
L" ^~O
(Yr=# < 3)
P~Q" P#OÔ
(Yr=# < 4)
}=OYr=##O
(Yr=# < 5)
P<P~QxH <
(Yr=# < 6)
=kP~Qk
(Yr=# < 7)
h~g~
(Yr=# < 8)
35/ ~.
65/ ~.
150/ ~.
50/ ~.
40/ ~.
60/ ~.
50/ ~.
50/ ~.
=
hfl
H $ ur=<a+, P~Qa=#OîH JÒ` P=H=#
Q O ^=
.
u
WO\
'P~Q=<=Q= "eqi_xH =# PK~} nH. WqQH PO^^= u=H H$uH q`_,
i~ P~QxH J~_ =iOK< =#` D q` r=#~xfl OH
O Q 'i~P~QxH H$u r=# q^#=
J#
~ H =O 1/ ~. Ys^` XH H xfl
K
iOz<fl=.
H= H=#"~ `= z~<= `` L`~= ~ "iH V.P.P. ^fi~ O`=.
=<H _| KeOz H= O^=#.

Neeru Meeru

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Neeru Meeru

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

h~ ^x H^

D $+ K@, K= \# `~` r=~ \#q. D q r=~ @_O ~OaOz =~ 350 H@

q^# Z\HC_ `~Q, =~=O`OQ K P~Qx ~H LO@Ok. KuxO_ i_ _| @x U^< x

^~Ox h\`x _O (L), \+O J< =} =`O K =O\~. D ~O_ =} H~}OQ<

LH, h\H =# O|O^O:

JO` h~ XHi `Q_O =# ZO\ #+= ZO^ ~^ W_ K^O.

Mm H_` 2 b@~ `y#_ H_fl =K =~ : P~Q=O`x s~Ox H_fl QO@H 50 q.b. K#

H_fl x f~, H `_ Ug ~^.

H_flxH =OK ~HO `O ~Q^.

H_fl =_H> ~@ _ =~^.

Z= =`= qiO|_@O =# =`O _O H~_, i == HO> HOKO Z=Q |@

s~O h\ `O `y#_ =K =~ : u ~E =# s~O #O_ h~ =`O, K=@, =k Qe, K~O

H_fl ^fi~ =`O ~O 1 #O_ 1.5 b@~

Tiu` ^fi~ =#O =k Qe 400 500 q.b.

=O ^fi~ 100 q.b. =~ qiOK|_`Ok.

=` O_H =K ~HO =~g =O_^.

=Ò_ =_H\# ~HO h\ Ò `QÒk.

=`= `=Q "Ok.

~HO i, iH P_, H@x<, @, #`[x O|O^ "# =~ ^~ ~O\~.

=`O Z= "Qx D =~ ^~hfl |@ <@|_=.

s~O h~ `= J~#_ =K W|O^:

`y ZO` P~O uO> x+uH i`O^ ^xx `x PKi^=. (3 : 1) P~O HO> h~ =_ ~@ Z=

5,6 b@~ h\x ZO^ `Qe

u<@C_ h~ `y` U=`Ok

=O^ K =~H `C `~"` K= =O^O\~ H^. JQ <\ `C K= H|\ @ _ `C

_ @xO_Q LO_@O =# OHK "HK iQ KO^=. D PO ~O_ =_ QO@ =~ LO@Ok.

~H~H HqH =O h\g^ _`Ok. \ \ J<q D =^ HO =z#q. _OH D H=

5,6 b@~ h~ Z `Qe

~O, ^Q , # W|O^, `=, P, Js , Z_\

~O Hke |@ =~. P "O` Q, =O@Q LO\~. ~ AH XHi, ~O_~ "O`~<, W

Q\ @ =#= U^ XH x KO\=. JQ ZO_ `Q` LO@Ok. W@ x =K "_, J@ ZO_ "_x

=O~ O\ K@ =OzQe H"#< "iH =OzQex J" 'PH[< ~ J<q =K@.

"q Z= h~ ZO^ `Qe

2) =~ ^~# qiOK\xH : "q HO =zO^O> =#O^~ Q~ =Kq "q =. "q =

JQ K =OkH Q_, ~, <\ `, H Q = LO\~. =# ZO^ Jq =<fl

h\` `_ P Qxfl D Q_\ ^ K\ # WOHH h\x Hx _Q_# K\"e. P `_H@g^ Qe P_O_

h `y` a.. `yOk

a.. iQ `Ok : 5, 6 b@~ `y` 4, 5 ~A H u~Q_O, a.. `y=_O O\ e` =~.

h\`< a.. `yOk

Q~O gk, #~~O.

K# P~ J"@# ZO` =~ \ JO` ~\O e`xfl O^QQK<fl=. P# =#HO^iH Q=O`_

=|^HO #O_ i x"~} : h~ `= `y#O^= =O Q\_ ZO_~ Q @Hx `Ok.

x^ @_O : x^ @H =_xH H~}<HO LO\~. =YOQ =|^HO, r~HO ^, `H ~H ~}

K#fl@ , |K#fl@ =O_O,

Z_\, __# J~ #O_ q=H

J< LO\~. h\x Q `Q_O = s~O P~ ^~ H=fiQ =~ H ~fiO K~Q [~Q^.

Z.S.. U[O\, H=e~O, `}

K#fl@, |K#fl@ =O_O

W_ < = H~_O ^. [| iQ ~Ok. =|^HO^. H_< ~Ok. W_ H=O D r=#

14) `= ~A< ^Q `Q`Ok : ^Q J<k Tiu` HO LO> =Ok. Hxfl |@ f_xH ^Q

J<k s~xH Hi LO@Ok. ^Q ~H` HO |@ ~^. ^Q =O^ "_` ^Q ~O_ Py`Ok.

15) `= : "YO, = Q ~#fl ^ Z"# ~O# P Q #O_ Mm K_xH `=

Opp. T.V.V. H} =O_O

~ _ "#H, ~p~523 157.

17) =K =_`~ : =YO, < K~xH =K _` LO\~. Jq O_ LO> JO^OQ LO\=xOk.

~Ok. =g^ #\ =K, |Qg^ =K iQ `y~. h~ `Q` s~ ^~ HiOK_O =#

=Oz =~ HxOzOk. _H~ Qi K# =Ozh~ `Q@O, qQ` x= \OK_O= ~_O` ~Q

12323, =__ gk,

19) H_fl ~ : H=O h `Q_O ^fi~ H_fl Hxfl ~H ~ iQ Hiy`O\~. =iHxfl ~

h\x `Q@O` e` `fi~" HQ@O= g~ K# qQ` P~ x=hfl \OK< L`O iy "\x

W.<O. 59711/3, PK~ ~OQ \,

H* Z^~Q, ~=KO^#Q~, q["_8, < : (0866) 470030

=zOk. ^xH P~+< K~.