What is culture?

Definition: includes all of the features of a societys way of life.

(review) What is a region? What then is a cultural region?

REGION: area with shared characteristics CULTURAL REGION: an area that has many shared cultural traits (characteristics)

How do cultures/cultural regions change? 1) Innovation New ideas that are accepted into a culture.

[Taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need]

How do cultures/cultural regions change? (cont.)

2) Cultural Diffusion the spread and adoption of an innovation from one culture to another [The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior]

How do cultures/cultural regions change? (cont.)

3) Cultural Hearth a site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cultures.

How do cultures/cultural regions change? (cont.)

4) Acculturation The process of one culture undergoing significant change through its meeting with another culture and adopting the other cultures innovations. (often 2-way)

[when a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation]

Practical/General Examples of Cultural Change

Industrialization increased technology, specialization of labor and increased production of goods at a lower cost (late 1700s through early 1900s)

Practical/General Examples of Cultural Change

Urbanization growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities (has come in waves)

How are urbanization and industrialization related?

How are urbanization and industrialization related?

1. Most industrial sites (factories) sprang up in cities where large pools of labor (people) were available. 2. Factories became necessary to meet the need of the growing urban population. 3. Also, industrialization led to increased urbanization as people moved from the countryside to cities to find jobs in factories.

Practical/General Examples of Cultural Change

Immigration people moving to a particular area

Emigration people moving from a particular area

Practical/General Examples of Cultural Change

Ecological/Environmental Change a change to the physical environment that is significant enough to have an impact on human culture.

Cultural Change Progression of Human Activity

Include what innovations were necessary for the next stage to come about. Include what innovations were necessary for the next stage to come about.

Hunting & Gathering Include what innovations were necessary for the next stage to come about. Place on the appropriate X. Village Life

Industrialization

Include what innovations were necessary for the next stage to come about. Agriculture

Urbanization

Cultural Change Progression of Human Activity

Include what innovations were necessary for the next stage to come about. Include what innovations were necessary for the next stage to come about.

Hunting & Gathering Include what innovations were necessary for the next stage to come about. Place on the appropriate X. Village Life

Industrialization

Include what innovations were necessary for the next stage to come about. Agriculture

Urbanization

Cultural Change Progression of Human Activity

Hunter-gatherers accidentally began to grow/harvest their own crops and domesticate livestock. As farming methods and specialized labor flourished, villages became hubs of activity (TRADE )and people migrated to live in cities.

X Agriculture

X Urbanization

Hunting & Gathering With farming as a regular practice, surplus food was available to more people. Not everyone needed to farm and people could specialize.

Village Life

Industrialization Concentrations of people with specialized skills required more goods to be produced more efficiently. Thus, factories emerged in cities where the labor was most plentiful.

Cultural Change through Conflict: Causes of Conflict

1. 2. Nationalism pride and/or patriotism in country ---- creates feelings of superiority, discrimination, hatred Religion belief systems that help people make sense of their world pride, fulfillment ---idea of one true religion creates feelings of intolerance, hatred Traditional vs. Modern Values cultures who do not accept/adapt to change easily vs. those that do ---- Change embraced by one culture may threaten the existence/relevance of another culture. Politics political beliefs ---- People with varying political beliefs with different ideas about how to govern tend to be at odds. Economics violent or nonviolent conflict can occur over scarcity of resources and perceived unfair trading rules (tariffs taxes) (quotas limits imports) ---- causes ill will. Social social inequality can create conflict between groups/classes within a society.

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