History of Columbia County, NY

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GENEALOGY 97A.701 C72A
Digitized by the Internet Archive

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Genealogy Center
http://www.archive.org/details/historyofcolumbiOOelli
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-OF-
COLUMBIA COUNTY,
NEW
l(lIttstraiions
YORK.
and "^îograghical ^kekhe^
SOME OF
ITS
PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS.
PHILADELPHIA;
m
1878..
4r^
Reprinted by -
HIGGINSON BOOK
COMPANY
Box 778
148 Washington Street, Post Office Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Phone: 978/745-7170
Fax: 978/745-8025
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is
history reprints
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This facsimile reprint has been photo-reproduced on acid-free
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archival quality.
PEEF ACE.
We
To
but
it
present to the public
tliis
history of
Columbia County
the
result of
much
labor and research
with a feeling of confidence, tempered by a consciousness of unavoidable imperfection.

write a truthful history of
any county or
section of country
is
never a light or an
ea.sy
task
becomes peculiarly onerous
in
the case of a county like Columbia, whose annals extend through
more than two and a half

ancient time
centuries,
and whose story must commence

first
far
back
in
the dimness of
that
when
the
dusky Mohicans
welcomed the pale-faced voyagers from beyond the
sea.
In such a
field
we have
not expected to achieve absolute perfection and completeness of detail, but
we have used our

sulted
best endeavors to
approximate as nearly as may be
to
that result.
We
have con-
many
of the best and most reliable historical works bearing upon the subject, and
have spared
;
no
labor in
gathering
material from
the
most thoroughly informed

to collect
all
citizens
of the
county
and
in
these researches
we have not been more anxious
obtainable fdds than to exclude every-
thing of doubtful authenticity.
The most
the dates of
cases
difficult part
of
this,
as of all
similar works,
is
the obtaining of correct
knowledge of
in
first
settlements,
and the names of those who made them.
Accounts of these are
most
especially in a region so anciently settled as

;
Columbia County
transmitted
in
through the medium
of
tradition
the different
statements almost invariably disagreeing
material
points,
and not infreexcept

to
quently being wholly irreconcilable.

give the differing accounts
the public.
for
In these extreme cases the histoaian has no resmirce

to
what they are worth, and
submit
the question
to
the
judgment of
Another source of perplexity

particularly those of
is
found
in
the changes in orthography of
many
of the old names,

in
Dutch or of Indian
records
davs,
origin,
though
find
it
is
by no means uncommon
the are
those of the
English.
In
old
colonial
we not only
that,
through
places
carelessness, caprice, or
igno-
rance of the
writers,
scribes
of those
names of persons and
differently spelled
bv different
are
but that as
manv
as
four different ortliographical

so that, in
constructions
instance,
of
tlu?
same
woril
it
some-
times found in the same tiocument;

difficult to decide
more than one

to
we have
fouiul
extremely
which manner was the proper one

to
adopt.
It
it
seems unnecessary
its
sav more
it
in
presentation of our
It
work
to
its
patrons.
They
tract-
will
in
judge
it
upon
merits,
and we
trust
will
in
meet their approval.
has been our design to
the
progress of the county of
Columbia
such a manner as to show clearly to the reader of the present

original
day
its
gradual development from
tin-
wilderness, and
through the maturing stages

in
ot'
its
ex-
istence,
up
to its present
condition of enlii;htenment and pros[)erity, and to illustrate

piety,
plain
and simple
far
story the privations,
the virtues, the
patriotism,
and enterprise of her people.
How
we have
succeeded in accomplishing this purpose, the public verdict will decide.
PREFACE.
To
to
those
who have kindlv given

;
us
their aid
in
the collection of material for the work,
we
desire
express our thanks
and among these we would
mention
in general
the
pastors
of the
churches,
the
the gentlemen of the
Columbia County Medical
Society, the editors of
the different journals, and
countv
officers.
We
are also under special obligations to the following gentlemen and
others through:
out the countv for courtesies and favors extended, and for valuable information, both oral and written
Hon. Edwin C. Terry, Hon. Darius Peck, Stephen B.

Jordan,
Esq.,
Miller, Esq.,
Henry Hubbel,
Esq., Peter
M.
Hon.
John Cadman, Hon. Sherman Van
Ness,
Hon. Levi
F. Longley, E. C. Getty,
Esq., William Bostwick, Esq.,

liams, Esq.,
Hon. Cornelius H. Evans, Hon. Jacob W. Hoysradt, M. Parker Wil-
William Brj'an, Esq., Hon. Theodore Miller, Hon. John C. Newkirk, Benjamin F. Deuell,
Esq.,
Esq.,
Robert B. Monell,
Wheeler H. Clarke, Esq., F. F. Folger, Esq., C. P.
Collier, Esq.,
C. C. Terry,
Hudson
;
Charles Wild,
W. H.
Silvernail,
Augustus Wynkoop,
Wm.
H. Atwood,
;
Prof.
Taylor,
Kinderhook
H. W. Livingston, Mrs. Johnson, W. H. Wiishburne, Livingston
Edward
Kellogg, Samuel A. Curtis, Dr.
M.
L. Bates, Rev. Geo.
W. Warner, H.
Cady, Canaan
Hon. Hugh
McClellan, Gi. E. Burrows, John J.
Van
Valkenburgh,
Wm.
Thomas, David Ray, C. B. Hudson,

;
G.
W. Lav, Horace
Peaslee, Dr. J. T. Shufelt, Dr. Richard
Peck, Chatham
Hampton
C. Bull, Henry
A. Tilden, John
Kendall, the
Community of
Shakers,
New
Lebanon
;
Jacob
W. Rossman, Vrooman
Collin, Hillsdale;
Van
Rensselaer, C.
H.
Stott,
Stockport; Captain A. Davis, Stuyvesant
Hon. John F.
Tobias Esselstyn, E. G. Studley, Nelson P. Aken, Henry P. Horton, Rev. A. Flack, G.
W.
Phillip,
;
Claverack
J.
Wm.
H.
Wilson,
Wm.
L.
Fraleigh,
W. H.
Rockefeller,
M.
Fingar,
Clermont
Hon.
T. Hogeboom, George G. Macy, Cornelius Shufelt, Dr.
P.
W.
Mull, Ghent.
THE PUBLISHERS.
CONTENTS.
HISTOI^/ICJÎjHISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
r.
HISTORY OF THE TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

Town
of Kinderhook
Geographical and
he found here
Descriptive
.....
and the Indians
219
II. The White

III.
.Man's First Visit,
whom
10 15 21
Claverack
Livingston
234 253 264 277
Land-Grants Purchases from Indians

Settlements in the County
IV. Earliest
... ....
War The
Germantown
Clermont
v. Indian
Incursions- The French and Indian
Chatham
27
.U
2S4
301
Revolution
New Lebanon
"
VI. Civil History VII. The Massachusetts Boundary .^nti.RentlT51-1852

VIII. Political
30 45 56
Canaan Ghent
Stockport
319
331
IX. Courts
" "
Stuyvesant
.........
347
355 360 368 373 387

396
X. The Columbia Civil List XI. Distinguished Men of Columbia

XII. The Professions The Press XIII. Educational and Religious
County
...
73 81
Greenport
Hillsdale
Austerlitz
112
120
126 135
141
"
XIV. Internal
Improvements
Copake Taghkanic
.\ncram
Gallatin
and .Agriculture XVI. Valuations and Taxation
XV. Manufactures
403
411
XVIL Military
143
HISTORY OF THE CITY OF HUDSON
Roster of Solpikiis rnoM Con mbi.i Cointv who served THE War Of THE Rebelliux Patbo.ss' Rkcord
in
417
437
I
Map
of Columbia County
Ij Hi TJ
S T I?. 7^ T. I O 3Sr S.
PAGE
9
......
facing
of
John H. Overhiaer
Charles Esselstyn
213
Indian Title
Fac-simile of Capt. Richard Esselstyn's Commission
Portrait of Elisha Williams
"
"
15
32 S3
86 87 89 95
" "
Judge Robert R. Livingston
Robert R. Livingston (the Chancellor)
..... ...
.
" " "

"
"
"
Edward P. Livingston Ambrose L. Jordan Samuel J. Tilden (steel) John Van Ness Philip Edward P. Cowles Hon. Henry Hogeboom
.......
.
.
Hon. Cornelius H. Evans John Gaul, Jr. William Bryan Hon. Robert McKinstry Mrs. Sally McKinstry
Casper P. Collier
.
between 104, 105

105
KINDERHOOK.
Residence of James Mix
Portrait of
....
108 facing 112
....
facing
220
John Thompson Wendover
CITY OF HUDSON.
Residence of H. A.
Portrait of
Residence of C. H. Housman " " " (Rear View)

facing
162 "
Portrait of
Du
Bois
" "
John Van Dusen Hon. Chas. L. Beale Hon. Harper W. Rogers Robert W. Evans
.
Charles Wild David W. Gardcnier. with Portrait Nathan Wild
facing "
228
230
CLAVERACK.
Reside
?
E. Gifford
of Nelson P.
Stephen L. Mag.iun
"
Bird's-eye view of
Aken (double page) Philmontand Mellen

238.
P. Akei P.
John Stanton Gould Hi Ga Hon. The .Miller
page)
(steel)
"
Augustus Du Bois Hon. oh W. Hoysradt (steel M. Parker Williams Hon. Darius Peck (steel Hon. Jacob Ten Broeck
I
Upper Hosiery-Mills," Nelson Lower Hosiery-Mills," Nelson Residence of M. .Martin
facing
Akei
reen 244,
" " " "
Thomas
" '
J.
Carroll
244.
244.
Mrs. Catherine Bushnell
W. Lockwood
to
246, 246,
belonging
Philmont Paper Company
CONTENTS.
xXjJijU'srn:Rj^rcxojsrs.
PlOE
ReaiJence of David Crego
between
of Geo.
1
246, 247
Portrait of
Samuel A. Curtis
Lorenzo Gile,
329
and Hosiery-Mill Portrait of James Aken

Nelson P. .\ken
Philip
facins
249
M.D
330
GHENT.
Farm Residence
of C. Jncobie
Residence and Mills of
S.
K. Barton
facing
332
CLERMONT.
Clermont
Residence of David Crapser
"332
Townseud Powell
. .
and Fruit Farm

facing
of
"
333
342
Ma
-Ho
277
Portrait of George T. Powell

"
"338
.
CHATHAM.
Residence of W. D. Stewart
Bullis Brothers' Paper-Mills
"
facing
284
Hon. John T. Hogcboom (steel) Hon. John Cadman Hon. Hugh W. McClellan (steel)
"
345
.
.
facing
346
and Property
between 2S6, 287

286, 287
Residence of George Ghesterman

Portrait of
STOCKPORT.
Residence and Mills of
C. H.Jfc F.
James
T. Shufelt,
M.D.
288, 289 288, 239
H. Stott
facing "
349
Residence of William Irish (with portraits)
Portrait of R. Reynolds
between 350, 351
Maiden Bridge Mills and Property, owned by

H. W. Peaslee (double page)
Residence of Xoadiah M. Hill
. .
"
290, 291
facing
292
Empire Loom-Works (R.Reynolds' Sons, proprietors). Residence and Paper-Mill of J. W. Rossman Portrait of Jonathan Stott
.
350,351 facing 352

354
Portraits of Henry Hill and Wife " Bradley Nichols and Wife
between 294, 295

294, 295 296, 297
Portrait of H.
W.
STUYVESANT.
Residence of Levi Milhiim
facing
Peaslee (steel)
(steel)
.
"
Mrs. H. W. Peaslee
296, 297
.
356
Portraits of Daniel
Reed and Wife
298 298 300
Residence of David Ray (with portraits)

Portrait of P. F.
facing
.
GREENPORT.
Residence of
.Mrs.
Cady
H. Angell (with portraits)
.
Elizabeth Hollenbeck (with portraits) facing
364
Residence of
J.
veen 300, 301

300, 301
John W. Blunt
HILLSDALE.
Residence of C. M. Bell
.
NEW LEBANON.
Residence of H. L. Brown
300, 301
facing
George M. Bullock
Portrait of E.
W. Bushnell
.
The Tilden Homestead

Portrait of Hon.
ing
Gillct
.
302
Catharine Bushnell Residence of E.
Ransom H.
304 303
312
.
W.
Bushnell
Residence of John Kendall (with portr

Portraits of
John
J. P.
F. Collin (with portrait)
Samuel and Ira Hand
Dorr
Residence of Franklin
"
Hand
E.
(with portraits)
314
Mrs.
Hannah
Hand
(with portraits)
Portrait of William B. Cole
Residence of H. A. Tilden
facing
317
CANAAN.
Portrait of
Asa Douglas
recn 320, 321

. '
Daniel D. Warner
320, 321 320, 321
Residence of Miss Sarah Warner Portraits of Samuel A. Barstow and Wife

Portrait of Daniel S. Curtis
facing
.
324 328
CONTENTS.
'bxoo-:eij^ftelxcj^x^.
Elias
W. Leavenworth
110 110
Dr. S. Oakley Vanderpuel
David Crcgo Jnmes T. Shufelt, .M.D

"cD'-y Hill
252
between 2SS, 289

"
'
William H. Tobey
294, 205
Hon. Henry Hogeboom Hon. Charles L. Beale Hon. Harper W. Rogers Robert W. Evans
E. Gifford
facing
Bradley Nicbuls
Horace White Peaslee David Ray

178
........
facing
294,295
296
298
298 299 300
Daniel Reed
134
William Irish
Joel H. Angell
Stephen L. Magoun
John Stanton Gould Hiram Gage Hon. Theodore Miller Stephen Augustus Du Bois Hon. Jacob W. Hoys dt Hon. Samuel Anable M. Parlter Williams Hon. Darius Peek Hon. Jacob Ten Broeck John H. Overhiser
.
.
....... ........
.....
192
198
202
Hon. Ransom H. Samuel Hand
Gillett
304 312 314 315 3I6 316

317
207
209 210
The Hand Family

Horatio Nelson
Hand
William B. Cole
210
211
212 213 213
John Kendall Henry A. Tilden Moses Y. Tilden

Daniel
S. Curtis
317
323
329 329 329 330
Charles Esselstyn
2U
215
Hon. Cornelius H. Evan; John Gaul, Jr. John Van Dusen Mrs. Sally McKinstry Hon. Robert McKinstry
.
215
216 216
facing
.
217 218 222 232
Casper P. Collier
John Thompson Wendov Nathan Wild David W. Gardenier

.
facing
Samuel A. Curtis Samuel A. Earatow Daniel Warner Lorenzo Gile, M.D. Hon. John T. Hogeboom Hon. John Cadman Hon. Hugh Wilson McClellan Townsend Powell R.Reynolds
.
342 345 346 346
between 350, 351

367 between 370, 371
377
facing
Michael J. Hollenbeek
Elisba
231 249
W. Bushnell
F. Collin
George W. Philip
Hon. John
James Aken Nelson P. Aken Thomas Carroll
Dan Niles Thomas Slocum

Alfred Douglas, Jr.
384
386
3'J4
.........
Stephen K. Barton
Samuel
L.
Myers
402
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'CO
HISTOKY
OF
COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.

BY CAPTAIN FRANKLIN
ELLIS.
CHAPTER
The
ward)
county of Columbia
is
GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE.

the fifth fcountinj; northin that
mented by several small streams, it returns to Columbia, and pursues a general southwesterly course, being joined from the south by Kline Kill and Stony creek, and from
the north receiving the tribute sent by beautiful Kinderriver
range of counties of which the
Hudson
hook lake through Valatie Kill

Claverack creek.
after
which
it
turns
still
forms the entire western boundary.
more towards the south, and flows on

a
to its confluence
with
On
the north
it is
bounded by Rensselaer county, on the

small part of
its
south by Dutchess, which also forms

east boundary.
The
lakes
sources of Claverack creek are in a

in the eastern
number of small
soutllea^^tern
is
The remainder of
is
its
eastern border lies
and ponds situated
and
against the State of Massachusetts.
parts of the county.
One
of the principal of these
Cc)tiie
The
part of
surface of the county

it
diversified.
There
is
no
pake
lake,
which gives
a considerable contribution
to
which can properly be

is
called
mountainous, though
southern branch of the creek.
The two branches

it
unite near
that term
is
sometimes applied
to the eastern portion,
which
the village of Claverack, from whence the course of the
traversed in a northerly and southerly direction by the hills
main stream
derhook.
is
nearly north
till
meets the creek of Kin-
of the Taghkanic range, from which, in several places, spurs
and detached ridges extend

westward.
enters
for
a considerable
distance
ridge
di-
cluster of small lakes or ponds, of
which some of the

lie in
prolongation
itjs
of
the
Peterborough
principal are
Rhoda, Snyder's, and Robinson's ponds,
Columbia upon
northern border, but soon

hills.
the southeastern part of the county,
near the southwest
minishes into inconsiderable

these ranges the county
is
To
the westward of
corner
of Massachusetts.
an undulating plateau, which

generally terminating in bold
sources farther to the north,
From among
these,
and from
other
the Taghkanic
hills, rise
extends to the
shores or blufis.
river, there
the numerous streams which, united, form the creek whith

for
two centuries
lias
borne the name
of. lloelofF
Jansen'i
the
Of
waters, the principal
is
the majestic
Hudson
is
river.
Kill.
At
first it
flows in a southerly direction

hills,
alnn<j;
Its largest
tributary from
Columbia county
Stockport
base of the Taghkanic
then swerves towards
the
creek (formerly called " Major Abraham's creek"), which

enters
southwest until
it
reaches and barely crosses the .suuth line
the river about eleven

line.
miles belOw the Ren.sselaor
of the county into Dutchess, but immediately returns in a

northwesterly course to Columbia, where
it is
county
This stream
is
formed from the Kinderhook
joined bv the
lies
and Claverack creeks, which, approaching each other from

the northeast and from the south respectively, unite their
waters of the outlet stream of Luke Charlotte, which
few miles north of the Dutchess
lino.
Beyond
this
it
con-
waters at a point only about three miles distant from the

great river.
It
is
tinues to flow in a north-northwesterly direction, receiving
estimated that these two streams collect
from the eastward the small stream called Kleina
Kill,
and
and pour
into
the
Hudson through Stockport
creek
the
then entering the river eight miles above the southern line
of the county.
waters drained from fully seven-tentlis of the entire area of

the county.
Up
its
to
and
for several miles
above this point, the Hudson

cla.ss.
Kinderhook creek takes

Columbia, where
rise
in
Rensselaer county,
part of
is
navigable for vessels of the largest

is
The
river front-
flows in a southerly course into the northeastern

it
age of the county
twenty-nine and three-eighths miles,

is
receives the waters
gathered by the
;
and
its
superficial
area
six
hundred and eighty-eight
Wyomanock
northwest
it
creek
among
the Lebanon hills
then turning
square miles, or more than four hundred and forty thousand

acres.
'J
re-enters
Rensselaer, whence, after being aug-

10
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY,

during
all
NEW
YORK.
made
not more than five or six
that day they
CHAPTER
II.
miles,
and anchored
for the night near the present site of
THE WHITE MAN'S FIEST VISIT, AND THE DIANS WHOM HE FOUND HEEE.
In the Tear 1609, and
sailed
in
the village of Athens.
IN-
found more
progress.
difficult navigation
Beyond here they seem to have and to have made slower
At
a point a short distance above the vessel lay
the month of St-pteinber, a
for
many
hours, during which they were visited by natives,
small and lonely-looking vessel
came
the
in
from the ocean and
towards the west, along the south shore of
Long
Island.
for
inlets
Her
people scanned
until
shore closely, watching
commander returned to the shore and The following account of his visit is given by De Laet, as a transcript from Hudson's own
with
the
whom
became their
guest.
and harbors,
at last they
came
to
where,
journal.
He
says,
behind a bare and barren point, they saw an inviting bay,
" I sailed to the shore in one of their canoes with an old
which seemed
and
into
this,
to extend far
after
away inland towards the north

sounding, they entered
man who was
chief of a tribe consisting of forty
men and
conit
careful
and
seventeen women.
These
saw there
in a house, well
dropped their anchor

water was alive with
in a sheltered
fish."
roadstead, " where the
structed of oak-bark, and circular in shape, so that
had
It
The
barren cape which they
the appearance of being built with an arched roof
had passed which

York.
is
now
their little
Sandy Hook, and the harbor in ship lay alone at anchor is that crowded
called
contained a great quantity of Indian corn and beans of the

last year's
growth
and there lay near the house,
for pur-
marine thoroughfare known
as
the lower
bay of
New
pose of drying, enough to load three ships, besides what
was growing
vessel
in the fields.
On
our coming into the house,

upon, and some food was
The
tons,
was of Dutch build, high-pooped

something similar
"
after the
two mats were spread out

immediately served
in
to sit
ancient style, of a burden of about forty lasts or eighty
well-made red wooden bowls.
Two
and carrying a
brigantine.
rig
to that of the in
men were
also dispatched at
once with bows and arrows in
modern
the
fact,
Her name,
;
The Half-Moon,"
it
quest of game,
Dutch, was painted on her stern
and high above and

blue.
floated
in
which they had

skinned
it
shot.
who soon brought in a pair of pigeons They likewise killed a fat dog, and
with shells which they had got
that I would
Dutch
colors, orange,* white,
She was,
in great haste,
one of the vessels of the Dutch East India Company,
out of the water.
They supposed
;
remain
which they had put in commission under command of Captain Henry Hudson, an Englishman, with Robert Juet,
also
with them for the night
but I returned after a short time

land
is
on board the ship.

that I ever in
The
life
the finest for cultivation
an Englishman, as clerk or supercargo, and with a

sailors,
my
set foot upon,
and
it also
abounds in
crew of twenty
partly
Dutch and
partly English,
for the
trees of every description.
These natives are a very good

that I would not remain with
and had dispatched her from Amsterdam,
purpose
people, for
when they saw
of discovering a northeastern or northwestern passage to
them they supposed

them
this
that I was afraid of their bows;
and,
China and the
Indies.
taking their arrows, they broke them in pieces, and threw

into the fire."
The
to
previous incidents of her voyage are not pertinent

It
is
our narrative.
sufficient
to
say that, with the
De Laet
visit
gives 42 18' as the latitude of the place where
master and crew above mentioned, she had now entered an

estuary,
size,
was made.
This seems
to
confirm the belief,
which Captain Hudson verily believed (from
its
arising from other circumstances, that the lodge, granaries,
depth, and general direction) to
be the outlet of a
and
corn-fields of the old chief
were
in the present
town of com-
passage such as he was seeking.
Stockport, near the
After a nine days' stay here, during which he thoroughly

explored the
kills
mander of the "

county.
mouth of the Half-Moon" was
creek, and that the
the
first
white
man who
and other waters around Staton Island,
ever set foot within the territory which
is
now Columbia
would natu-
and met and dealt with the strange people

living
whom
On
he found
upon the shores, he
lifted his
anchor, and on the 12th

river.
Above
rally
this place they proceeded slowly, as
of September sailed on, up the great
the 14th
be the case in navigating a channel with the intricacies

it
he passed Haverstraw, and anchored that night near West

Point.
of which they were entirely unacquainted; and

until the
was not
let
On
the morning of the 15th he resumed his way,

bluffs
evening of the 18th that the " Half-Moon"

is
and before evening many
and headlands, which are

"
go her anchor at or near where
now
the city of Albany.

its
now within
the county of Columbia, lay abreast of him,
The approach of
the great canoe with

far,
strange
company
upon the starboard hand.

anchored near
That night the
Half-Moon" was
"
had been heralded near and

garded with
fear,
and a great number of the
Catskill, where, says
Hudson's journal,
we
simple natives came to gaze upon a sight which
many
re-
found very loving people and very old men, and were well
used.
and
all
with wonder.f
When Hudson
very good fish."
Our boat went The
to fish,
and caught great
stores of
" When some of them first saw the ship approaching afar off they t did not know what to think about her, but stood in deep and solemn
natives also brought on board " In-
dian corn, pumpkins, and tobacco."
The next morning

else
they delayed for a long time, taking in water (probably not
amazement, wondering whether whether it came from heaven or

it
it
was a
.=pook or apparition,
and
hell.
Others of them supposed that
having discovered the excellence of the river water, or

having found a spring-which they
might be a strange
to
fish
or sea-monster.
They
sujtposed those on
much
preferred), so that
board
be rather devils than

other in opinion.
visit,
human
beings.
Thus they
talk
differed
among each
* At that time the flag of llotlund was formed by three horizontal
bars,
strange report soon spread through
their country about the
and created great
and comment
tea
orange, white,
and blue; but

to
in
or
about the year 1050 the
among
tlfy."
all
I'd.i
the Indians.
orange bar gave place
one of red.
This we have heard several Indians Der I)ui,ck; Di;c,;i,liun of .Vew \ctlierlaiid.

saw such great numbers of them collected together he had some misgivings as to their intentions, and the safety of himself, his crew, and liis vessel, and he determined to subject
NEW
YORK.
by the way he came, he
for his
now no
left his
alternative but to return
anchorage on the -3d of September

find
voyage
some of
their principal
men
to a test, " to see

it
whether
"
down the river. So difficult did he among the islands and windings of the
the afternoon of the 24th, when the
the navigation
channel, that he did
they had any treachery in them," and
was a most cun-
not reach the vicinity of the present city of

little '
Hudson
in the
until
'
ning as well as eflBcacious one which he applied.

took
They
Half- .Moon
ran
them down
into the cabin
and gave them

all
so
much wine
aground and stuck

of the river,"
fast
on the " bank of ooze
middle
and iiqua vi/x that they were
merry.
tell
In the end one
of them was drunk, and they could not
He
tear
argued most correctly that,
how to take it." however much they might

fire-water
now known as the " middle ground." How much diflSculty he had in getting his vessel off we do not know whether she was freed without trouble by the rising
;
be disposed
to dissimulate, the test of the

veil
would
if
of the
tide, or
whether the
it is
difficulty required
the aid of
away the
and unmask their treacherous designs,
kedge and capstan; but
certain
that this mishap, to-
any such were entertained by them.

perfidy was discovered.
loosened, but one old chief
lessly intoxicated.
But no
indication of
gether with an adverse wind which sprang up, detained him here for two days, which interval he employed in storing his
vessel with
All drank until their tongues were
went
farther,
and became helpuntil at last
wood,
in
exploring the neighboring shores, and

visit
When
his Indian friends began to see
in receiving a
ceremonious
of friendship from the peofirst
his
manner change and

lay prostrate
his step
grow unsteady,
set
ple of the Indian village
where he had
visitors,
landed.
There
he
upon the deck, they
up sad bowlings
were two canoe-loads of these

found
age
and Captain Hudson
of grief, for they believed

gers assured
after
him to be dead. But the stranthem by signs that he was not dead, and that Then they dea time he would be as well as ever.
left
no doubt
to his
astonishment
that a chief personwho had

passed the
It
among them was
the old savage
night on board the " Half-Moon" after his debauch.
parted for the shore, though in great sadness, for they

the old
may
had
be inferred that, grieving at Hudson's departure, he

set out at
man
in
unconscious upon the cabin
floor,
and probably
once by the river
trail,
hoping
to find the
they doubted the truth of the white men's assurances that
vessel at
anchor at some point below, where he would agiin

taste the ex-
he would
due time recover.
In the morning, however,
meet the agreeable strangers, and once more

hilarating schnapps.
in the river as
they came back and found him alive and apparently none
the worse for his excesses
in
all
;
He
had found the
vessel motionless
off to
and he assured them that never
he had hoped, and had now coma
pay
his
life
before had he been so
happy
as afler
he drank
her a
final visit
with his Indian friends in the manner we
the strange liquid, and while he remained in the trance.
have mentioned.
He
asked that he might have more of the strong water,

this
and his request was complied with, though

greater caution.
time with
small quantity was also given to each
of the other Indians, whose confidence and friendly feelings
were thus
spirits,
fully restored
full
and they departed
in
excellent
and
of the belief that their recent entertainers
With him had come another old man, who presented the captain with belts of wampum, and "shewed him all the country thereabout, as though it were at his command." Two old women were also of the party, "and two young maidens of the age of sixteen or seventeen years with them, who behaved themAnd the old men and the old selves very modestly."
apparently a chief,
belonged to a superior order of beings.

It Wiis not long before
women and
cabin,
vitat.
the maidens were taken to dine in the ship's
they again returned, and " brought
where doubtless they were served with wine or aqua
tobacco and beads," which they presented to the captain,
"and made an
round about.
again,
oration,
and showed him

their
all
the country
After the repast, they gave their host, by signs, a cordial

invitation to visit
Then they sent one of
company on land
full
them again
at their village, but
when
who
presently returned and brought a great platter
given to understand that this could not be they departed
of venison, dressed by themselves;" and after the captain

had, at their request, partaken of
this,
very sorrowfully, though somewhat consoled by numerous

presents,
" then
him reverence and departed,
all
save the old
made man," who

they
and the assurance that their white friends would

visit
again come across the great lake and
them.
The next
would probably have preferred never again

dian paradise which he had discovered.*
to quit the In-
morning, September 27, 1609, the

sails to a
"
Half-Moon" spread her
brisk northerly breeze, and soon was lost to sight
As Hudson found
several
that the river was shoaling rapidly he

vessel,"!"
beyond the wooded

the captain and crew
served,
course.
headlands.
proceeded no farther with his
^^^ ^^^^ ^'^ boats
loving people" called out, and

;
At Catskill the " very made signs of invitation to

kept straight on her
miles higher up, to where they found the stream
but the wind w;is fair and the tide

brigantine
broken by rapids, which intelligence he received with great

sorrow, as putting an end to
all
and so the
little
his
hopes of finding here
On
the 4th of October she passed Sandy

to sea,
Hook
a practicable northwest passage to the eastern seas.
Having
and stood out
and her bold commander never again
saw the beautiful river which he had discovered, and which

=^"
century and a half
later,
missionaries found, not only
among
IleckewcMcr and other Moravian the Deltiictirea and the Mnliicnng,
now
bears his name.
During the
lost
stay of the vessel in the
but also nmont; the nations of the [mqimit, a tradition having reference
red
to
bay of
New York
in
she had
one of her company by the
a scene of drunkenness which occurred at the time

first
when
the
arrows of the savages, and several Indian lives were after-
men
received the fatal gift of fire-water from the hands of
wards taken
retaliation
but
at every place
above the
highlands Captain Hudson's relations with the natives were

t While lying here the carpenter mad< "Half-Moon," this being the first tiuibe
ew
?r
fore-yard for the
exported from the
entirely pacific, so that at his final departure they exhibited
Hudson
river.
a grief which was only parti^Jly allayed by presents, and by
12
NEW
YORK.
deer,
the assurance (imperfectly understood) that the ship's people
would soon return fiom

them.
across the great waters

in
and
revisit
they had
it
;
red nan's paradise,
a land of
and salmon, and beaver,
traveled on towards the east and south to find
This
promise was
measure performed, for

the former mate
but that they were scourged and divided by famine, so

it
although the same vessel did not return, there came in the
following year another ship,
that
was not until
after long
and weary journeyings,
commanded by
during which many, many moons had passed, that they
of the " Half-Moon," and having on board a part of the
came
at length
to this
broad and beautiful
river,
which
crew who had accompanied Captain Hudson
and we are
forever ebbed and flowed like the waters from whose shores
informed that when these were met by the natives
who
they had come
and that here, amidst a profusion of game

left their old
had
visited
them on the previous voyage

the presents which
" they
were much
and
fish,
they rested, and found that Indian Elysium of
rejoiced at seeing each other."
which they had dreamed before they
homes
in
Among
rude
Hudson had given them were

to assist
the land of the setting sun.
some axes and other implements,

agi'iculture.
them
in their
At the present day there are enthusiastic searchers through

the realms of aboriginal lore who, in accepting the narrative
as authentic, imagine that the red
These the
sailors
now saw suspended
as ornaments around the necks of the chiefs, as they had
men came
hither from
no idea of
their proper
were instructed
delighted, and
how to made great merriment over
manner of use; but when they handle them they were much
tlieir
Asia across the Behring
strait,
through which they saw the
tide constantly ebb and flow, as mentioned in the tradition.
mistake.
The
fact
is,
that
all
Indian tribes told of long pilgrimages

far in the
Bnt few
incidents of the voyage of this second vessel are
and of great deeds performed by their ancestors
found recorded.
In 1612, two ships, named the "Tiger" and the " Fortune," fitted
shadowy
past,
and claimed
to trace
back their history and
descent for centuries.
Missionaries and travelers
among
out by merchants in Amsterdam, and comChristiansen,
them gravely
to the period asts
tell
us of Indian chronology extending back

;
manded by Captains Block and
came here
for
before the Christian era
and some enthusi-
purposes of trade, and from that time the
traffic
with the
have claimed that the American aborigines were delost
natives along the river (the profitable nature of which had
scendants of the
tribes of Israel.
But
it
is
not the
come
iiad
to be fully
understood) was regularly carried on by
province of the historian to enter any such

lation.
field
of specu-
vessels sent hither for the purpose from Holland.
Hudson
it
All their traditions were so clouded and involved
named
his discovery the " River of the Mountains,"
in improbability,
and so interwoven with superstition,

it
that,
but the Dutch traders who came after him called
the
as regards their truth or falsity,
need only be said that
River Mauritius,
It
in
honor of Prince Maurice, of Nassau.

tribe or nation
they afford an excellent opportunity for indulgence in the
was the Indian
known
as the
Mohican
the same which has been romances which, the

at as
its
luxury of dreamy conjecture.
celebrated in Cooper's fascinating
The Mohicans named

but by the Iroquois
it
their great river the "
Shatemuc,"
and by
first
coming of the white man, held
was
called " Cahohatatea,"
rightful
possession
not only the present domain of
the Delawares and other southern tribes, " Mohicaiiittuck,"

or the river of the Mohicans.
Columbia, but also those of the adjoining counties of Rensselaer
With
its
inexhaustible store
and Berkshire;
its
chief village or council-seat being
offish, with shores and islands of such surpassing fertility

as to yield
at Schodack, or, in their
own
tongue, Esquatak, " the fire-
abundant returns even
to their careless
and
in-
place of the nation," with other villages perhaps as populous but less important on Beeren or
dolent husbandry, and bordered by forests swarming with
Mohican
island
and
at
game,
it
was a stream and a country such

tribe,
as Indians love to
various points on the eastern shore of the river.*

after the
In 1690,
and there was no nation or

lakes,
from the ocean
the
burning of Schenectady, the Indians were removed

to Catskill,
from Beeren island
and were employed by the
government
as " outlying scouts" towards the north.
were probably but few iu number at that time.

also a village at
They They had
who had more reason to love their domain than the Mohicans. They were a humiliated and partially-conquered Their people when the Dutch first came among them. fighting men then only numbered a few hundreds, and these
were broken
in
Wyomenock. another
at
Potkoke, a place
spirit
by continual defeat
but they sadly

of some
" about three [Dutch] miles inland from Claverack," and
boasted that the time had been, within the

of their old men,
memory
others at different places in the inteior
as well as a rudely-
when the
call
of their sagamores could

foray,"!"
fortified stronghold, erected near the present site
of Green-
muster more than a thousand warriors for the
and
dis-
bush, against the
incur.'iions
of their enemies the Moliawks.
when
their council-house
was sought by emissaries from
The MohiciDiS claimed

aboriginal nations.
(as also in fact did the other In-
tant and weaker tribes desiring their alliance, aid, or intercession.
dian tribes) that theirs was
among
the most ancient of
all
They even claimed

all
that theirs was once " the
One of
had
their traditions ran that, ages
head of
the Alyonqnin nations."
before, tlieir ancestors
lived in a far-off country to the
sionary, Heckewelder, relates
what was
The Moravian mistold him by a very
west,
beyond the mighty rivers and mountains, at a place

to
aged Mohican, as follows
" Clean across this extent of
where the waters constantly moved

the belief that there existed
and
fro,
and
that, in
country (from Albany to the Susquehanna) our grandfather
away towards the
rising sun a
had a long house, with

always open
a door at each end,
which door was
to all the nations
united with them.

far
To
this
Indian skeletons have been exhumed, in making e.xcavations for building, on the lower end of Warren stveel, in the city of Hudson,
-
house the nations from ever so
used to resort and smoke
which leads
to the bclitf that
that vicinity.
an Indian village was once located in Arrow-heads, corn-pestles, and other Indian relics,
t This assertion of tbo Mohicans was confirmed by the Delawares^ and also by the Iroquuii, who boasted of having vanquished so strong
are found in every part of the county.
a people.

the pipe of peace with
people,
their
NEW
YORK.
this
13
grandfather.
The white
as
themselves.
But however
in
may have
been, the
of this
coming from over the great water, landed at each end long house of our grandfather, and it was not long bebegan to
pull
it
Mohicans succeeded
and other
uniting the Wappingera, Minsis,
river tribes,
and
in
the year
1625 again comFort Orange
fore they
down
father
it
still
kept repairing the
Our grandsame, though obliged to make

at
both ends.
menced
hostilities.
In the following year they induced

with them, with a few of his men, in
Krieckbeck, the Dutch superintendent at
from time to time shorter
until at length the white
(Albany),
to set out
people,
the
who by this time had grown very powerful, assisted common enemy, the Maqiias (Iroquois), in erecting a
in
an expedition against the Mohawks.

successful,
This foray was un-
and resulted
men, and
in in
the killing of Krieckbeck and
strong house upon the ruins of our grandfather's."
several of his
spreading such a panic
among
The Mohicans told that, when their tribe mustered

subdued and
ceeded
the time of their strength,
the Dutch settlers
near the fort that Governor Minuit
a thousand warriors, they had
removed
garrison
all
the families
down the
river,
and ordered the
thoroughly cowed
it
the
afterwards
latter
dreaded
to
observe strict neutrality in future during the

hostilities.
jMohawks, and that

in
was only
after the
had suc-
continuance of the
banding together against them the Five Nations

Mohicans, and
The war raged with
great ferocity for three years, during
of the Iroquois* that they succeeded in turning the tide
which the advantage was oftener with the Mohawk than

with the Mohican braves.
final
of victory against the

across the
ever,
in
forcing
them
There
is
a tradition that the
Shatemuc.
Their pride and patriotism, howto relate or to

it
struggle for supremacy took place within the present
would never allow them
admit the ex-
county of Columbia, and not far from where the city of
tent of their defeat,
and indeed
does not appear that they

in his
Hudson now
stands.
all
It is to the eflfect that, both tribes
had then been completely subjugated, though Smith,

" History
having mustered
their strength
to
for
the conflict, the
of
New
York,'' published in
1756, says that,

this country,
Mohicans had retreated
decoy their enemies into their
"
When
the
Dutch began the settlement of
own
now
territory, and, retiring before
them, had come at
last
all
the Indians on
Long Island and
the northern shore of
to a place nearly opposite to

is,
where the
village of Catskill
the sound, on the banks of Connecticut, Hudson's, Dela-
and that
there,
upon ground of
their
own
selection,
ware, and Susquehanna rivers, were in subjection to the
they stood for battle, which each party fully understood
Five Nations, and, within the memory of persons now

living,
must be a
decisive one.
acknowledged
it
by the payment of an
says, in his "
annual
The
of the
fight raged
through
all
the day, and at evening the

Disaster stared in the faces
tribute."
And Brodhead
History of
New
Mohicans were almost
victors.
York," that " long before European discovery the question

of savage supremacy had been settled on the waters of the
Cahohatatea," by the triumph of the Iroquois and the
humiliation of the Mohican.
Mohawk
warriors,
and they saw that they had no

In apparent
longer any hope except through stratagem.

precipitation
field,
and panic they slunk away from the bloody

in the
and
fled
darkness to an island in the
river.
When Hudson
came, and for nearly twenty years
after-
The Mohicans soon
discovered their flight, and promptly

last
wards, the relations which
existing between the two nations.

peace, but
it
we have described were those They were nominally at
yet cautiously pursuing, came at
to
a place where,
to
around smothered camp-fires, their enemies seemed

stretched
have
was a peace brought about by the prostration
themselves to
rest,
without
the precaution of
pity as of
fly
of the Mohicans, in whose breasts there rankled the most

intense hatred towards their
posting sentinels.
Mohaiok conquerors.
It
was
contempt
for
their
They felt almost as much of unwary foes, but they let

They had made
a
fatal
their
the policy of the Dutch to promote peace between the

tribes, for
arrows at the blanketed forms, and then leaped

knife and tomahawk.
in
with
a state of war would injure the profitable trade

for
mistake
which they prosecuted with both, and

cared.
which alone they
The Mohawks,
foreseeing the pursuit,
had made fagots of

appear like sleeping
in the adjacent
But they recognized
the superiority of the
Mothe
brushwood, wound these with their blankets, and disposed
hawlcs and the subordination of the Mohicans.

great treaty held in 1G17, at
At
or
them around the

thickets,
fires in flat
manner
to
Nordman's
Kill,
Tawa-
Indians; then, lying
upon the ground
sentha creek, Brodhead says, " The belt of peace was held
fast at
they awaited
fires
the
moment when
their
enemies
one end by the Iroquois, and at the other by the

in
should discover the

delusive blankets.
and waste their arrows upon the
Dutch, while
the middle
it
rested on the shoulders of
That moment had come, and now the

the
the subjugated Mohicdns, Mincecs, and Lenni Lenapes.'
Mohawks
yelled
war-whoop and closed with

and panic-stiicken,
flight.
their
The yoke grew more and more

and slowly they were brought
galling to the Mohicans,
antagonists,
who. ambuscaded
were
to the
point of open revolt,

It
soon either killed, captured, or put to
and a renewal of the war against the Mohaicks.

confidence;
may
have been that their possession of Dutch fire-arms gave

thera
but
if
so
it
was unfounded, for the
The scene of this bloody and decisive battle was Vastrick island, now known as Rogers' island, between Hudson and Catskill.f The result of the campaign of 1628 was the complete
overthrow of the Mohicans of this section, and their flight
across the
Mohawks were
*
quite as well provided with these weapons
Taghkanic
(^Doc. Hist.,
hills.
iii.
"
The conquered
tribe," says
The
is
dfitc of
the formatinn of the league between the Five
Na-
Wassenaer
48), " retired towards the north

battle
tions
not known.
The Kev. Mr. Pyrlaeus,

life,
a missionary
it
among
t Historians mention a great Indian
during that war, not
unburied bones
first
the MuUnwki, gives as the result of his investigations that
occurred
which was fought

is,
" one age, or the length of a man's

into the country."
before the white people
came
far
from where Rhincbeck now
and that the
Gallatin says,
it
"The
time when the confederacy

to
in
great
numbers
still
lay
upon the
field
when
the
was formed
is
not known, but
was presumed
be of recent dale."
Butch
settlers arrived in its vicinity.
14
by the Fresh
the
soil,

river, so called,
NEW
YORK.
the
where they began
to cultivate
who formed
a part of Philip's forces, retreated before
and thus the war terminated."
The
" Fresh river"
victors until they
came
to the
Hudson
river,
where a part
mentioned by Wa.ssenaer was the Connecticut, that being

the
it
of them crossed to the old Indian village of Potick, near

Catskill,
name then given
to it
by the Dutch.
is
His mention of
but the remainder took up their residence " near

;"
as being " towards the north"
neither strange nor
ma-
Claverack
probably at the Mohican village of Potkoke.

total
terial, as
points of compass were very vaguely and care-
Notwithstanding these accessions, the
number of
river
lessly referred to in
those days.
The
fact
was that the
Indians in the county of Albany in the year 1689 was only
vanquished Mohicans took refuge

ley,
in the
Connecticut val-
two hundred and
fifty,
and eight years
later
(1697) was
where
at first they
were well received by their kins-
but ninety, as returned by the high sheriff and justices of

the peace,
E.irl
men, the Periods.

ties
Their lands within the present coun-
who made an
all,
official
enumeration by order of the

it is
of Columbia and Rensselaer were vacated, but not taken
of Bellamont.
And when
remembered that this
for occupation
by the victorious Muhawlcs.

first as
Afler a few
number included
the river,
it
children and adults, on both sides of
years the exiles came back,

fishing parties,
transient hunting
and
will easily
be seen to what a miserable handful
and afterwards for more permanent stay
the once powerful tribe of
New York
M/hicans had bewas drunken-
but never afterwards were they a numerous people, though

they again inhabited Potkoke and several other villages.
come reduced. The most potent cause of

ness, to
their decadence
said,
The
" fireplace of the nation," however,
was no longer
at
which, as has been

tribe.
they were more addicted
Schodack, but at Westenhok, beyond the Taghkanics.
than any other
Their intercourse was constant with
For more than
thirty years after their subjugation they
the trading-post at Fort Orange, and with the Dutch traders
lived in continual terror of the 3Iohaio]cs,
and paid
to their
upon the
river
and with these they would barter everyif
conquerors such tribute as their weakness and poverty permitted.
thing that they had, their maize, peltry, their very souls,
But
in
1663-64 another combination

eflFected,
against their
they had been merchantable, in exchange for liquor,

properly
tyrants seems to have been

or
though how composed,

In
named by them
fire-water,
most
that
baleful poison
how brought
about, does not seem wholly clear.
which has proved
to their race (even in a
more marked deand woe.

villages
Kregier's " Journal of the Second Esopus

lated that in the
fall
War"
it is re-
gree to our own) the quintessence of
all evil
of 1663 the inhabitants of Bethlehem,

friendly Indian to re-
And
this it
was which depopulated their
and
in
Albany county, were warned by a
move
to a place of security, as " five
Indian nations had
assembled together, namely the Mahihanders \_Mohicans],

Katskills, the Wappingers, those of Esopus, besides another
tribe that dwell half-way
between Fort Orange and Hart-
ford
;"
that their " place of meeting was on the east side of

river,
made vagabonds of the few of their tribe who survived its blight. But even among them there were instances of There was a Moreformation wrought by saving grace. hican, named Tschoop, mentioned as a chief,* who lived either on the Livingston manor or near the county line in Dutchess, and who was one of the very worst and most
ungodly of his
tribe
Fort Orange
Claverack
strong."
;"
about three [Dutch] miles inland from

"
and
race,
" the
greatest drunkard
and that they were

that " Hans, the
about
five
hundred
among
sin in
efforts
his followers," bloody-minded, false,
and treacherous,
vice, outrage,
Also
Norman,
arrived at the
full
so that there
was hardly a form of Indian

spirit.
and
redoubt with his yacht from Fort Orange, reports that
which he was not a leading

of Christian
Yet, through the
seven thousand Indians had assembled at Claverack, on the

east side, about three
Henry Ranch,
a Moravian missionary,
[Dutch] miles inland, but he knows

These last-mentioned figures are
who
labored in these parts, this godless Indian, this devotee
not with what intent."
of sin and of the Evil One, not only entirely abandoned

his drunkenness, but, being baptized by the Moravians, be-
manifestly absurd, and even the estimate of five hundred
was undoubtedly much
too high.
It
is
not probable that
the Mohicans then living west of the Taghkanic range
came a meek lamb, a servant of God, and a pious and fervent preacher not only to those of his own tribe but
also
could muster one-sixth that
number of
warriors.
among
the Delawares, and so he remained true and
In July, 1664, Brodhead says, "

again.
cattle at
War now
broke out
faithful to the end.
The Mohicans
attacked the
Mohawks, destroyed
In the cemetery at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,

allotted to the graves of the Indian converts,
in a
space
Greenbush, burned the house of Abraham Staats,
may
yet be
at Claverack,
and ravaged the whole country on the east

river ;"
seen the
mound under which
lie
the remains of this con-
side of the
North
but these ravages could not have
verted Mohican, with a rose-bush growing at the head, and
been committed or incited by this tribe of the Mohicans,
upon the stone which marks

this inscription
:
his peaceful
resting-place
is
who do
settlers.
not appear to have been unfriendly to the Dutch
In
Memory
of
The English took

ber,
hostilities
possession of the province in Septemall
Tscnoop, n Mohican Indian,
1664, and immediately used
exertions to prevent
Who,
in holy baplitm,
April
17,
1742,
received the nfime of
between these
tribes,
and with so much of success

in the feuds be-
JOHX,
one of the Jirat fnitu of the
that but
little
more Indian blood was shed

war
in
tween Mohican and Iroquois.
Miction at Shtkumeko, and a
King
Philip's
Massachusetts, which was closed in

chief,
remarkable instance of the pmrer of Divine f/race, whereby he
1676 by the death of the

conflict of the
was the means of adding

After the decisive
* In those daya of their decay, every adult male Indian was
chief,
to the Indian population of this region.
12th of August
in that year, the Pennacoolcs,
and
all
claimed
to
be owners of lands.
rf^
1-7
-9ê,s^.Azn-^ QtMrt^j
li^?^^^^'^'
,o-,**vAt<.

becamf a dislimjuiehed teacher
NEW
YORK.
15
coofirmatory Grants, which the Dutch Inhabitants are probably the
more
He
departed
tl,i> life in
full
aunrance of faith,
at Bethlehem,
Ax'juit 27, 1747.
" There shall be one fold
nnd one shepherd." John
x. 16.
The Indian
missiou at Stotkbridge, Mass., was founded

for Propagatinjj the Gospel iu
in
Apprehension that the Dutch might render their Titles, under though the country was finally restored to the English by the Treaty signed at WestminFrom that period it has remained in ster the 9tb February. 1674. the possession of the English and the Duke of York, on the 29th of June, 1674, obtained a new Grant from the King of all the Terrisolicitous to
obtain, from an
in 1673
Conquest of the Province
the former articles of capitulation, precarious
tories included within the former Letters Patent in 1663-64.
by the aid of the Society
"During
Fee,
the reign of
King Charles
passed
the Second, the
Duke
of York,
Foreign Parts, and coniiuenced
October, 1734; the Rev.
as proprietor of the
soil,
many Grants
(by his Governor) in
little
John Sergeant being the first missionary. Into this, the fragment of the Mohican tribe of the Hudson river
;
was drawn, and merged with the Stockbridge Indians

thenceforth they were
these
and
known by
Plains,
that name.
in
handful of
fought on the American side

Hill,
the Revolution, at
Bunker
ments.
White
and
in
several other engage-
Their ancient enemies, the Mohaicks, fought in the
opposing armies.
The Stotkbridge Indians were removed from Massachusetts to
and since his accession to the Throne, Grants have continued to under the Great Seal of the Province, in consequence of the Powers given the several Governors by their Commissioners and InTwo instances only occur of Grants or structions from the Crown. Letters Patent for Lands under the Great Seal of Great Britain. "These are all the different modes by which the Inhabitants have derived any legal Titles to their Lands within the limits of this Province, whence it appears that all their lawful titles to Lands in Fee, e.rcept in case of old Dutch Grants unconfirmed, originated from the Crown either mediately, through the Duke of York before his Accession to the Throne, or immeiiiately, by Grants under the
issue
.
Madison
Co.,
N. Y.,
in
1785, and few,
if
any,
Great Seal of Great Britain or of this Province. " Purchases from the Indian natives, as of their aboriginal right,
of the Mohican of the
race lingered behind
them upon the shores
have never been held

obtaining here, as
real property,
in
to be
a legal Title
in this
Province, the
Maxim
Shatemuc.
the
earth," said
Uncas, " and the

again.
The pale-faces are masters of the aged Tamenund at the death of young time of the red man has not yet come
In the morning, I saw
;
"
England, that the King
is
the Fountain of all
and from
this source all Titles are to be derived."
Such purchases were encouraged, however; and, during

the administration of Gt)vernor Nicolls,
it
My
day has been too long.
was
officially
the sons of
Unami happy and
strong
and yet before the

last
announced that " the Governour gives

to
liberty to
Planters
it
night has come, have I lived to see the

wise race of the Mohicans."
warrior of the
find out
and buy lands from the Indyans, where
pleaseth best the Planters."
The
fees incident to procuring a patent
were important
sources of revenue to the officers concerned.
Only one
;
CHAPTER
thousand acres could be granted
to
one person
but this
III.
rule was evaded by the use of the

inal parties,
names of merely nom-
LAND GKANTS-PUHCHASE3 FROM INDIANS.

The absolute property of all the lands in the State New York is vested in the respective owners, liable only
such as derive
title
the officers through whose hands the papers
passed frequently profiting largely by this method.

of
to
The
cor-
colonial
government
in this respect
became exceedingly
rupt,
and the American Revolution wrought a much-needed

cases, grants of lands
escheat, and to the reservation of gold and silver mines in
reform therein.
from colonial patents.

lands in the
it
In a few isolated
were made directly

in the State offices.
The Dutch government sometimes granted

was the rule of the English
inal title.
by the crown, and no records appeared
colony without the formalities of Indian purchase, but
The
following enumeration of rights,

in all patents
:
more
or less varied,
to first extinguish the aborigto
was embraced
The
grants were " in fee and

all
It
was customary
;
apply to the governor and
common
soccagc," and included with the land
" houses,
council for leave to purchase
if leave
was granted, a treaty
messuages, tenements, erections, and buildings, mills, mill-
was held and an Indian deed obtained, a writ was issued

to the surveyor-general to survey,
dams, fences, inclosures, gardens, orchards,
fields,
pastures,
and a map and
field-notes
common
woods,
of pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, plains,
were reported.
The
attorney-general was then directed to
underwoods, timber,
trees,
rivers,
rivulets,
runs,
prepare a draft of a patent, which was submitted to the
streams, water-lakes, pools, pits, brachcn,
quames, mines,
part,
governor and council, and
if
approved was engrossed on
minerals (gold and silver, wholly or in
excepted),
parchment, recorded, sealed, and issued.
creeks, harbors, highways, easements, fishing, hunting,
and
Governor William Tryon,

says,
in
his report
made
in
1774,
fowling, and
all
other franchises, profits, commodities, and
appurtenances whatsoever."
respect to the Titles
:
"With
their possessions
under which the Inhabitants hold Before the Province was granted on the 12th
to his brother,
Colonial grants were usually conditioned to the annual
payment of a
and often
in
quit-rent at a stated time
and place named
in
March, 1G63-64, by King Charles the Second,
James,
the patent, the payment being sometimes due in money,
Duke
of York, the
settlements,
Dutch West India Company had seized it, made and Issued many Grants of Land. In .\ugust, 16C4, the
to the
wheat or other coiumodity, others

rights of the grantors.
in
skins of
country wa.s surrendered by the Dutch

Article of the
English, and by the 3d

'
animals, or a mere nominal article as simply an acknowl-
Terms
of Capitulation
it
was stipulated,
That
all
Peo-
edgment of the superior
The
it
(|uit-
ple shall continue free Deni/cns,
and
shall enjoy their Lands. Houses,
rents formed an important source of revenue, and after the
and goods, wheresoever they are within this country, and di.pose of them as they please.' Some lands of the Province are held under the old Dutch Grants without any confirmation of their Titles under the Crown of England; but the ancient Records are replete with
Revolution became due to the State.
In 1786
was pro-
vided that lands subject to these rents might be released
upon the payment of
arrears,
and fourteen
shillings
to
16

Large amounts of lands,
NEW
YORK.
Albany,
every shilling of annual dues.
Abraham
for a tract
Staats, a surgeon of the garrison at Fort
upon which
arrears
of quit-renta had accumulated; were
which was described
as " called
by the Indians
sold from time to time, and laws continued to be passed at
Cicklekawick, lying north of Claverack,* on the east side
frequent intervals for the regulation of these rents, until
of the river, along the great

the
first fall
kill
[Kinderhook creek] to
;
1824, when an act was passed for the
final sale
of
all
lands
of water, then
to the fishing place

less
;
containing
river
which had not been
released
as then
by commutation or remitted
two hundred acres more or

one side and the great
kill
bounded by the
on
a
by
to
law.
Such lands
were unredeemed were allowed

dollars
on the other."
acres
This grant was

in
to be
redeemed by the payment of two
and a half
took place
confirmed, and four hundred
more included,
each shilling sterling due.
The
last sale
second patent, issued

4,
to
Staats by Governor Dongan, Nov.
March, 1826.
fifty-three
In 1819 the quit- rents, then amounting to

dollars,
1685. f
Stockport creek (then known as Major Abrathis patent,
thousand three hundred and eighty
were
ham's creek) was the south boundary of
and
taken from the general fund and given, in equal portions,

to the literature
the whole six hundred acres lay together in one body.
and school funds.
In 1846 the Legislature

diffi-
On
the 18th of March, 1667, Jacob Jansen Plodder
enacted a law to prevent the recurrence of anti-rent

culties, prohibiting the leasing
and Captain John Baker purchased from several Mohican

Indians, for the consideration of " one blanket, one axe,
three hoes, two bars of lead, three handsfuU of powder,
of agricultural lands for a

It also provided that all
longer period than twelve years.

lands previously rented for a
life
or lives, or for
more than
a
one knife, and one kettle," a tract of land lying west of
twenty-one years, should be taxed as the personal property

of the person receiving the rents to an extent equal
to
Kinderhook creek, and which was described

dian
fall
in
the In-
deed as " All
that
bush land and
kill
with
the
sum
ties
that at the legal rate of interest would produce the
running north and south, lying and being upon the

than a month later
annual rent.
Such taxes were made payable

lay,
in
the coun-
north side of Emikee's| land at Kinderhook, and on the

west side of
the great
kill."
where the lands
which proved an unpleasant ento the reduction
Less
cumbrance and contributed

tenants for an agreed sum.
of the amount
(April 15, 1667), Flodder and Baker received from Governor Nicolls a patent for their purchase, which was described
in
of lands thus held, the proprietors quit-claiming to their
that
document
as
"A
certain parcel of bush

kill
Before mentioning in
detail
the different Indian pur-
land near Fort Albany, together with a creek or

the
fall
with
chases and patents, which covered the lands comprehended
of water running north and south, lying and being

side of
within the limits of Columbia county, we quote from the

report of Surveyor-General Cadwallader Colden,
upon the north
Emikee's land,
kill,
at
Kenderhook, and
made
in
on the west side of the great

acres of land."
containing by estimation,
the year 1732, upon the condition of the lands within the
province, as follows
The
tract thus indefinitely described
was covered by the patent granted nineteen years afterwards

to
Jan Hendrik De Bruyn, and out of

lawsuits.
little is
this fact
grew long
are generally expressed with
"There being no previous survey to the grants, their boundaries much uncertainty by the Indian names
which were and
(?)
and ruinous
As
to
Flodder and
Baker, the
of brooks, rivulets, hills, ponds, fulls of water, etc.,

still
patentees, very
known.
patent," which was issued
are
known
is,
tu very
few Christians, and which
adds
to this
Then came the " Van Hoesen

by Governor
Nicolls,
uncertainty
that such
names
as are in these grants taken to be
May
14, 1667, to
latter
Jan Frans Van
the proper of a brook,
hill or fall
of water,
etc., in
the Indian lan-
guage
signifies only a large brook, or

hill,
or high
or only a hill or fall
broad brook, or small brook, of water in general, so that the In-
Hoesen, of lands which the

dians
nor),
had purchased from Inthe patent as " a certain
June
15,
1662 (by permission of the Dutch goverin
Brooks and rivers have different names with the Indians at different places, and often change their names, they taking their names often from the abode of some Indian near the place where it is so called. This has given room to
dians show
many
places by the same name.
and which were described and being
parcell of laud lying
at Claverack, near
kill
Albany,
stretching from the small creek or
by Jan Hendrick
some
to
explain and enlarge their grants according to their
own
in-
sen's als Roothaer, to the land belonging to Gerrit Slichten-
clinations by putting the
names mentioned
.
in
them
to
what
place. or
horst,
which said
parcell of
land takes in three of the
part of the country they please.
Several of the great tracts
clavers on the south side of the said Roothaer's,

into the
and
strikes
lying on Hudson's river are bounded by that river on the east or west sides, and on the north and south sides by brooks or streams of
water, which,
to
woods near about the way that goes over the great
kill,
when
the country
run nearly perpendicular
to the river, as
was not well known, were supposed they do for some dis-
creek or
and so going forward
it
includes
all
the land
within the bounds of the markt trees and

kill."
the creek or
tance from their mouths, whereat

parallel
to
tu the n'cer
mnuy of
in
these bfooka icere nearly
This included
all
the site of the present city of

territory of the
and Bometimen
a course altnoat directly opposite
the river.
This has created great confusion with the adjoining

in the
Hudson, and a part of the

port, the
town of Greenand the south

it
patents,
and frequently contradictions
boundaries as they are
north line of the patent being about one mile

city,
expressed in the ;ame patent."
north of the north boundary of the

limit
was the mouth of Kishna's Kill or creek, where
No
language could have been employed by the surveyorits
enters the South bay.
The
east line
was Claverack creek.
general which would be more clear and direct in

cation to the boundaries of tracts in this county.
ally appropriate
appli* The " Claverack" here referred to was a tract of land which had
Especiitalicised,
been purchased from the Indians
five
years before, by Jan Frans

it
are the words
which we have
Van Hoesen,
t
anil
by him occupied, though at that time
had not
as describing
the courses of Kinderhook and Claverack
been patented.
the reputed t of land in the neighborhood of Kinderhook.
I
creeks in relation to that of the
Hudson
river.
The
Book 5 of patents, p. 235. Emikee was a M'thican chief, Book
owner
of large tracts
first
patent of lands in this county was issued by

to
Governor Nicolls on the 25th of March, 16G7,
Major
2 of patents, pp. 219, 220.

The
grants
NEW YORK.
Also for a certain
:
17
made
to
Dirck Wessels and
G-errit
Teunissen
English miles."
tract,
now
in
Columbia
were of
tracts lying
on the eastern and southeastern sides

in
county, bjunded as follows
" Bjginnlng at the creek

said
by
of Kinderhook lake,
the present town of Chatham.
We
Major Abraham
river
Staats',
to
and so along the

of-
Hudson
;
are unable to give their boundaries or the date of grants,
southward
the .south side

;
Vaxtrix island
by a
but
it is
certain that Wessels
and Teunissen were among
creek called Waghan, K'lsick
thence with an easterly line
the earliest grantees of lands in this region.
twenty-four English miles into the woods to a place called

to
Next
in order of date
came the manorial grants

;
Van
Wawanaquiasick ; from thence northward

said creek
to the
head of
Rensselaer and Livingston stand these

selaer grant,
it is
and
in order to clearly
first
under-
by Major Abraham
this tract
Staats'."
The
date of the
necessary to go back to the
Van Rens-
purchase of
from Indians was May, 1649.
These
which was located in Albany county, above Fort
grants were by this patent erected into a manor, which was
Orange (now Albany), and which antedated by many years

the
first
accorded a " court-leet and court-baron, to be held as often

an the lord of the
grants
made within
the present county of Columbia.
manor chose."
Also, the right to choose
In 1629 the States-General of Holland, to encourage

settlement in the
a deputy to
sit in
the General Assembly was granted.
The
New
Netherlands, offered to any person

fifty or
quit-rent for this entire grant of about seven
hundred thou-
who should
settle a
colony of
more persons above
sand
acres, in the present counties of
Albany, Rensselaer,
the age of fifteen years, in any of the lands of the
New
Van
set-
Greene, Montgomery, Schenectady, Saratoga, and Schoharie,
Netherlands, a grant of land, with the

feudal
privileges.
title
of patroon, and
Killian
and one hundred and seventy thousand

fifty
in
Columbia,
Under
this
regulation
was "
bushels of good winter wheat."
Rensselaer, a pearl-merchant of
Amsterdam, began a
Van
Rensselaer had
much
difficulty in
maintaining his
tlement at Fort Orange, in 1630, receiving a grant of land

in that vicinity
;
claim to the lands in Columbia county, and invoked the aid
and from that time until 1637, while his
of the courts and of the General Assembly
and
in
1704 a
colony was being brought up to the required

various
minimum, grants were made covering an immense tract of

countie.s.
compromise was
called
eff'ected
by which that part of the grant
Claverack,f lying between the Kinderhook patent

line,
country, not only in the present county of Rensselaer and
and the Massachusetts
and between the north and
Albany, but in several adjacent
Various grants
south manors, was surrendered by

title
Van
Rensselaer, and his
made by the Dutch were confirmed by the English governors, among them the Van Rensselaer grants, which were erected into a manor called Rensselaerwyck,.with baronial
privileges.
to
the remainder of Claverack was confirmed.
lu
1704, Killian
Van
Rensselaer conveyed Claverack to his

It
brother Hendrick.
was inherited by Johannes, a son of

in
Hendrick, born in 1711, and who died

purchase of
1783.
into a
Van Rensselaer was made Aug. 13, 1630, of Indians named Kottomack, Nawauemit, AlbantThe
first
Johannes Van Rensselaer erected Claverack
manor,
to
and
called it the
"lower manor," in contradistinction
the
zeene, Sagiskwa,
and Kanaomack, of a
;
tract
of land north
upper manor of Rensselaerwyck.

" Claverack" included
of Fort Orange
Samuel Blommaert, Johannes De Laet,

in
the present site of the city of

tract patented to
and Touissant Muyssart being associated with him

grant.
the
Hudson, and covered the
Jan Frans Van

title
Van
Rensselaer had two shares and the others one

title
Hoesen
in
1667.
The
question of priority of
arose
share each, but he alone had the
of patroon.
In 1641,
between Van Rensselaer and Van Hoesen, and

litigation
after a long
Van
Rensselaer was given power to devise his estate, and
was decided in favor of the
latter.
did so
subsequently to Johannes, his
eldest
son.
The
the
to
In 1721, Claverack was surveyed for Hendrick Van

Rensselaer, the lines being run " south from Kinderhook
grant from the Dutch States-General covered a tract of

territory
twenty-four
river,
miles
long on
each
side
of
north bounds of Livingston
manor;
thence easterly
Hudson
remained
and forty-eight miles broad.

1775, when General Stephen
of the patroons, inherited
it.
This estate
twenty-four miles to Westenhook."
in the family,
descending by the law of primo-
In 1784, on Feb.
2,
Claverack was divided by Robert,
geniture, until
selaer, the last
Van Rens-
Henry
I.,
James,
John, and
Catherine (Mrs. General

it
He
by
died in
Philip Schuyler), in which division
was described as
fol-
1840, and
much
of the property has passed out of the
lows: " Beginning at the mouth of Major Abram's or Kin-
family, large inroads having been
made
in it
litigation.
derhook creek
thence south 84 30' east ten miles
thence
In 1667 the English governor, Nicolls, confirmed the
south 40 west as far as the right of John
Van
Rensselaer
Van
first
Rensselaer grant, and in 1685 the whole manor came
extended (to the manor of Livingston)

asick
;
then
to
Wahank-
into possession of Killian
Van
4,
Rensselaer, grandson of the
then up Hudson's river to beginning."

the 13th of February, 1767,
patroon.*
On Nov.
1685, a patent was issued by
On
John Van Rensselaer,

for
Thomas Dongan, governor of the province of New York, to Killian Van Rensselaer (oldest son of Johannes, eldest
son of
Killian, the
:
of the manor of Rensselaerwyck, conveyed a tract of land

to the trustees of the
Reformed church of Claverack,

first
first
patroon), for
Rensselaerwyck,
church purposes.
Hendrick Van Rensselaer
leased the
described as follows
" Beginning at the south

;
end of
ground
to the trustees. to the oldera
C, C. and J. C. Miller convoyed
by
Beeren (Bear) island
thence north on both sides of
Hud;
deed a tract
and deacons of the same church.
son's river to the Kahoos, or great falls of
Hudson's river
May
19, 1759, the Millers receiving their title from Colonel
and east and west on each side of the
river twenty-four
John Van Rensselaer.
The Livingston
* It
is
grants of 1684 and,
1605 were patented
supposed the
first
patroon never visited his possessions

in 1651.
in
America.
Jahnnces or "Jan the Baptist" came
f Indian naine Poll took or Sot koke.
18

manor
in
NEW
YORK.
as a
1686, and contained about one hundred and
first
of the Mohican Indians "two hundred acres of good
sixty thousand two hundred and forty acres, including the

greater portion of the present towns of Clermont,
land and eighteen hundred acres of woods/' on RoelofF
German-
Jansen'a Kill, July 12, 1683, and this was confirmed by

the government
in
town, Livingston, Gallatin, Taghkanic, Ancram, and Copake.

It also
1684.
Livingston then represented

first
had a court-leet and court baron, held by the
that there was not a sufficiency of arable land in his
lord of the manor, and in
1715 was given the
privilege of
purchase, and petitioned for permission to buy another

tract of
electing a
stables.
member of the General Assembly and two conThe annual quit-rent was twenty-eight shillings.
first
about four hundred acres, but was allowed to buy

offices, and the profits realized from government in furnishing supplies to etc., and he now set about se-
Robert Livingston,* the

"
lord of the manor,
bought
from the revenues of his several

his various contrncts with the
Robeit Livingston, the piog<iiitor of that Inrge and powerful
the troops, the colonized Palatines,
family which become so noted in Columbia and other river counties, and which for a full century wielded more influence thnn any other,
curing for his manor a representation in the Assembly.

accompli>hed, and himself took his seat as
its
This he
representative in 1716.
and held more public offices than any three other families in the Stnte of New York, was the son of a Scotch clergyman, and born at
He remained a member
life,
until 1726,
when he
finally retired
from public
and died about 1728.

a
Ancram, Scotland, Dec.
13, 1654.
Upon
the death of his father, in
He was
remarkable
man
of rather
whence he came to America He wna made town in 1674 with Rev. Nico!aus Van Rensselaer. clerk of Albany in 1675, and in the some year, by some means, secured the nppointmtnt of secretary for Indian affairs from Gov.
1672, he croFPed over to Holland, from
talent, except for the acquisition

ability, tact,
and enterprise.
meagre education, and of no marked of wealth, in which be exhibited Of the methods adopted
contempora-
by him
ries,
in
pursuance of
volume.
this object, the opinions of his
the Earl of Clarendon, Gov. Hunter, and others, are

in this
Andros.
of Rev. N.
where
The opinions
of Gov.
shown elseNanfan upon the same

17li2,
In 168.3 he bettered his social position by marrying Alida, widow Van Rensselaer and sister of Peter Schuyler. On the
subject were plainly expressed in his published reasons for suspend-
ing Robert Levingston from ihe council in April,

ondly, That the late Earl of Bellamont, being of the Excise of Albuny,
namely
'"Sec-
12th of July, 1686, he received the appointment of collector of excise and quit-rents from Gov. Dongan, who thought that this, with his
other
offices,
made
sensible that the
said Eobert Levingston was guilty of great frauds in
Management
"might
afford
him a competent maintenance. ''
It
was
in this year that
he received from the governor the patent of the manor of Livingston, a small portion of which he had previously purchased for a few trifles from some Indiana (the knowledge that
those valuable Inndu remained unpatented having been gained by him in bis official relations). "And thus," says Brodbend, "the shrewd Scotch clerk of Albany became one of the largest landholders in New York." In 1688 he became obnoxious to the Leisler party, and was forced to leave the province: but upon Leisler's downfall he was restored to favor and to bis offices, which then (besides those above mentioned) embraced those of clerk of the peace and clerk of the court of common pleaa at Albany. In 1695 he visited England to promote certain claims against the crown and while there he, in company with the afterwards notorious
;
etc., did, aboat January, 1701, declare that he would remove him from being of the Council at the meeting of the Assembly, but his lordship's much-lamented death prevented it.
Thirdly, That an Act of Assembly of this province appointed
Com-
missioners of publick. Aco'ts to adjust with

in the receipt
all
persons concerned
and payments of the publick revenue; but the said Robt. Levingston, in contempt of the said Act, never gave any obedience thereto, altho' duely and timely summonM to that endnind purpose, nor would ever render any acc'tts to them of the publick money he had received. Fourthly, That thereupon the gen'll Assembly, being well apprised that said Robt. Levingston had committed
great frauds in relation to his Majes'ts revenue,
made an Act
of
gen'U Assembly confiscating his real and personal Estate, unless he

should give in
of Aco'ttsuf all his receipts
freebooter,
Capt. William
in
Fletcher,
who
Kidd, preferred charges against Gov. revenge suFpended him from all his offices except
that
of town
clerk.
The king, however,
reinstated
latter
him
at
the
solicitation of
became governor While in in the following year he called Livingston to his council. England (Oct. 10, 1695) "Articles of Agreement between the Right Honorable Richard, Earle of Bellamont, of the one part, and Robert Livingston, Esquire, and Captain William Kidd, of the other part,"
were entered into for the enterprise of equipping a vessel on shares the said vessel to be used as a privateer, for their mutual advantage
;
Lord Bellamont; and when the
and
also " to fight with
and subdue Pyrates/'

qualities.
Livingston furnishing
result
the scheme, Bellamont the necessary funds, and Eidd the requisite
nautical skill and
says, "
A full Account in writeing unto the Commissioners and disbursements, and the Grounds and Occations of the same, before the 25th day of March Last, which Sixthly, That I was inhe hath refused or neglected to doe. formed by his Maj'ts Collector that he, the said Robt. Levingston, had received several summs of money of his majeslie's Excise and Quit-rents of this Province without any Authority, and of which he had given no Acc'tt to the said Collector."* And for these and other reasons he was suspended. The tenacity wirh which he and his descendants clung to public In 1721, after having held office in the provoffice was surprising. ince continuously for forty-six years, and during nearly all that period having held several positions at once, he, wishing to retire to
. . .
fighting
Of the
O'Callaghan
the quiet of his manor, petitioned the king to be allowed

hie several nfficea in
to ttott
over
Kidd shortly
all
trouble on
those
after deceived his associates, and bronght down who had been unfortunately, though innocently,
Albany
to
hia bou Philip as his successor.
strange to say, his prayer was granted.
The
civil list of
And, Columbia
connected with him." Instead of subduing pirates, he himself joined

the bloody fraternity.
county shows, for a period of a half-century, no name but that of Livingston as member of Assembly; the office being held without
break from 1716
to 1775, inclusive, by members of the family, viz., Robert (Sr.), Gilbert, Robert (third lord), Robert R., and Peter R. And everywhere through the lists of local, State, and national officers, during those and subsequent years, the name of Livingston occurs with a frequency which is almost wearisome, notwithstanding
In 1701 the former adherents of Leisler, in pursuance of their old
grudge, demanded from him an account of a large
sum
of
money
which had passed through his hands, and upon his failure to comply Upon this the Assembly passed an act sequestrating his property. he prepared to return to England to lay hi? cose before the sovereign but before setting out he had the forethought to obtain from
;
the exalted character and position of
some of those incumbents.
the Indians authority to act as their representative at the court, an act which the Assembly declared to be " contrary to the duty and
Of one characteristic of
in praise,
this
family too
much can hardly
be said
namely, their intense and inflexible patriotism.

her trials; and
With
allegiance he owes to bis majesty, and to the peace of this govern-
scarcely an exception
they stood steadfastly by the cause of their

it
ment."
council.
On
the
20th of April, 1702, he was suspended from the
country through
chancellor, in
all
is
said that the immediate
In 1705 he succeeded in obtaining a ruyal warrant reoffices,
cause of the death of Robert Livingston, the grandfather of the

1775, was the receipt of the news of the battle of
storing his
notwithstanding which the council refused to vote him any salary, declared his Indian office to be useless, and demanded its abolition. He, however, quietly continued to exercise its functions,
Bunker
in
Hill,
which was
first
reported as an overwhelming disaster
to the patriots.
(See biographical sketch of the Livingston family
and
in in
the end secured full
payment
for his services.
He
chapter on distinguished
men
.
of Columbia county.)
Hiat. N. V.
succeeded
being elected representative for Albany, and continued

that city from
to represent
1709 to 1714.
He had become wealthy

but " two hundred acres of good land and four hundred
acres of
NEW
YORK.
This was the
first litigation
19
one cotton
shift."
of the Livif
woods" adjoining.
called
This second purchase was
ingston manor, and amicably settled, but for nearly,

quite,
not
made of what was
Taghkanic, Aug. 10, 1685, and
two hundred years
it
was
in
the law and chancery
confirmed the 12th of the same month.
when surveyed and

found
to contain
erected into a
The whole tract, manor in 1686, was

acres,
courts, in
some form or
to
other, almost continuously.
In 1710, Robert Livingston, the
the
amount
before named, one hundred
conveyed
first lord of the manor, Anne, " by the grace of God, Queen of Great
'
and sixty tlioasand two hundred and forty

of which were preserved in the
as follows:
by reason
of the metes and bounds given in the Indian deeds, some
map
hill
of the manor, and are

in the northeast cora
flat,
Britain and Ireland, six thousand acres of his estate for two hundred and sixty-six pounds sterling, for the occupancy of the German Palatines. This sale was afterwards
Ahashawaglikick, a
;
surveyed (1741) by Cadwallader Colden, surveyor-general

of the province of
entire
ner of Massachusetts line
Acawanuk,
or rock, in
;
New
York, and includes nearly the

It was patented to
north part of North East (Dutchess county)
Kachwa-
town of Germantown.
Johannes
wyick, a place west of a certain mountain
Kickwa, or
Haevor, Hagedorn, and others, June 15, 1741, as trustees

for the colony of Palatines,
Kickpa, one of three plains near RoeloflF Jansen's Kill
and a new patent was issued
Mananosick, a
setts line
;
hill in
the west part, or near the Massachuline,
Nov. 17, 1775.

In 1715 the manor was re-surveyed and platted, the lines
being as follows
" Beginning on the east side of Hudson river at a certain place called by the Indians Wubankassek, thence east by south 3 40' southerly
Wawanaquasick, stone-heaps on the north
" where the Indians have laid several heaps of stones to-
gether by an ancient custom
among them
;"*
Mahaskakook,
;
a " cripple-bush" on the south line of the patent

nak, a
flat
Mawich-
on both sides of a creek, where

;
it
joins Roeloff
9^ miles
to
a certain place called in the Indian language
Mawanap-
Jansen's creek
Minmissichtanock, a piece of land north

;
quassek, then east by south 7 45' southerly 9J miles and 30 rods to a hill called by the Indians Ahasbewaghkamick, by the north end of
of Roeloff Jansen's creek of the manor (Sauthier's

tributary to
Nowanagquasick, on north
line
Tagbkanick
hills or
mountain, thence south 2
W.
along said
hills
map)
;
Nachawachkano, a creek
of
three
Twastawekak
Nichankooke, one
;
13i miles to Wich qua pu chat, thence E. 2 50' N. 3 miles and 156 rods to a run of water called by the Indians Sackackquo, thence S.
by E. S
plains, near Roeloff Jansen's creek
30' easterly 100 rods to three linden-trees, thence
W.
S.
W.
Pottkook, patented to
6 30' southerly IJ miles to
Rock
called
Nakaowasick, thence W. N.
Killian
Van
Rensselaer, south of Kinderhook, and called

;
by the Dutch Claverack

of Roeloff Jansen's
Quisichkook, a small creek north

;
W. 13J miles to southernmost boucht of Roeliff Jansen's Kill, thence N. W. 11 westerly lljj miles to Hudson river, thence up said river
to beginning."
creek
Saaskahampka,
or
Swaska;
hamaka, a place opposite Saugerties, Ulster Co.

ahka, on north line of town of North East
Roeloff Jansen's Kill
;
;
Sac-
Thirteen thousand acres of the Livingston manor were

set off
Sankhenak,
by the
will
of the
first
lord,
and formed into the
Skaankook, a creek
;
Towastawekak,
lower manor of Clermont, and given to Robert, grandfather

of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston, as a reward for having
discovered and frustrated a plot of the Indians for the massacre of
all
or Twastawekak, a creek
Wachaisekaisek, a small stream
opposite Catskill creek
Wahankasick, near Roeloff Jansen's

;
creek (Sauthier's
map)
Wawyachtonoch, a place
Which
the white inhabitants of the province.
The
es-
quo puh bau, southwest corner on Massachusetts
line.
tate north of Roeloff Jansen's Kill
was devised
entail,
and
The
tract,"
first
purchase, called the " Roeloff Jansen's Kill

hill
was thus transmitted through two generations, the eldest

son, Philip,
began at Oak
on the north, and lay along the
and his eldest son, Robert, inheriting the same.
river to the southern limit of
Germantown, a distance of
Philip was born in Albany in 1686, and succeeded to the
twelve miles, and extended back with the same width to

the Taghkanic hills; and for this tract Livingston paid to
his Indian grantors the following consideracion
:
manor of Livingston
Robert, the
last lord,
first
in
1728, on the death of his father,

Philip's son, Robert, Jr.,
lord.
was the
" Three
child's
the Revolution breaking the entail, and after his

po.-<t-road
hundred guilders
in zewant, eight blankets,
and two
death the estate lying east of the

to
from
New York
blankets, five and twenty ells of duffels, and four garments
Albany was divided between Walter, Robert C, John,

Jr.,
of strouds, ten large
shirts,
and ten small
ditto, ten
fifty
pairs
and Henry, sons of Robert,

of the will of the
latter,
according to the provisions
of large stockings, ten of small ditto, six guns,

of powder,
fifty
pounds
the share of each being about twenty-
staves of lead, four caps, ten kettles, ten
eight thousand acres.
The
division was
made
in
1792.
In
axes, ten adzes,
two pounds of paint, twenty
little
scissors,
1716 the
eral
first
lord of the
manor took
his seat in the
Gen-
twenty
little
looking-glasses, one
hundred fish-hooks, awls

rolls
Assembly, and the manor was so represented until the
and
nails,
of each one hundred, four
of tobacco, one
Revolution.
hundred
pipes, ten bottles, three kegs of
rum, one barrel of
Walter Livingston conveyed

his father, April 14, 1792, to
his interest in the estate of

for
strong beer, twenty knives, four stroud coats, two duffel

coats,
Henry Livingston,
twenty-
and four
tin
kettles."
This payment was entirely

in
four thousand nine hundred pounds
New York
currency
satisfactory to the Indians concerned
the
sale,
except
(about sixty-two thousand dollars)

wife of Walter, being reserved.
estate is
the dower of Cornelia,

portion only of this vast
one, a squaw,
named Siak-a-nochiqui,
off
a cripple
bush woman,
of Catskill, who, four years afterwards, pushed her unsatisfied claim,
now
in the
Livingston family.
and was bought
with " one cloth garment and

the.
On
the 16th of December, 1CS6, a patent was issued by

to
Governor Dongan
^ This
is
Jan Hendrick do Bruyn,

chiefs,
for a certain
the only ono of tbo interior boundaries of

recognizable.
litllo
manor
which
is
now
tract of land
which he had purchased eighteen years before
It is
Taghkanic, and a
east of its
on the north line of the town of most northern corner. The stone
still visible.
(Aug. 14, 1668) from three Indian
named Pompoe-
heaps mado hy Ibc
^(^Jfîc^ttl
ccnluries ago are
ueck, Taeppchasuncn, and Attowanoe.
(See facsimile on
20

This tract was described as being
NEW YORK.
Kinderhook
creek,
the following page.)

"
for lands on " both sides of
and running
certain parcel or tract of land laying on the east side
north to the south bounds of Ren.sselaerswyck, and east

along that line 70 chains."||
of Hudson's river, or the river of
New
lies
Albany, beginning
from Davidson's creek, which creek

called in the Indian tongue
against Beare island,
The Mawighanunk
patent was issued Aug. 4, 1743, to
Pahpapaenpemock, and from the

the Indian tongue
Stephen Bayard. Cornelius Van Schaick, John B^ptiste
said creek stretching southerly along the river to the sawkill
of Frans Peiters Claver, the creek

Pittannoock stretching to the
in
Van Rensselaer, Johannes Van Deusen, Barent Vaasburgh, and Jacobus Van Rensselaer, for a " tract lying northeast of
Kinderhook, about
the Indians
fifteen
called
east,
and
in the
woods
by the
considfive
miles from
Hudson
river,
and
to the first
two lakes or inwaters, which are
called
lying on Kinderhook creek, being part of a tract called
by
Indians
eration
'
Hithoock and Wogashawachook'."*

in the patent
The
Mawighanunk, bounded
east,
as follows:
Beginning
south 40
named
was a yearly quit-rent of "
on the south
chains
;
line of Ren.?selaerswyck,
thence
;
bushels of merchantable winter wheat, payable on the 20th
thence south 50
;
220 chains
thence east
day of March
in every year."
reference to the records

will
120 chains
thence south 40 east, 260 chains; north 36

;
in the comptroller's oflBce at
Albany
show that the rent
30' east, 166 chains
north 40 west, 50 chains
south 82
was faithfully paid.
30' west, 140 chains; north 52 30' west, 80 chains; north

trial
Many
r*.
years afterwards, in the
of the case of Jackson
115 chains; west 242 chains; containing forty-three hundred and eighty acres."
Frier, Chancellor
Kent
:
defined the boundaries of the
De
to
Bruyn patent
the saw-kill
is
as follows
to be
"
The
line
from David's
Hook
The Wawieghnunk
Stephen Bayard
in
patent was issued to William and
drawn between those points along the east shore of the Hudson, and composes the western boundary
;
1743.T[
Peter
Van Alen
received a
patent from Governor Nicolls, June 26, 1668, for a tract

'cast
a line along the west shore of the Fish lake (Kinin its
of the
kill
behind [east of] Kinderhook and extend-
derhook lake)
whole extent, the eastern boundary
and
ing south to Nohacktequalsick."
straight lines from the extremities of the lake to the stations
on the Hudson,
David's Hook and
In January, 1767,
for
Abraham Lott and

to
others petitioned
ten thousand one
the saw-kill,
the north
and had surveyed
them a gore of
and south boundaries."

"
hundred and
it
fifty-two acres, lying
between Claverack and
The
great Kinderhook patent," as
was afterwards
to
Livingston manois.
This grant was the basis of a suit at
known, was issued March 14, 1687, by Governor Nicolls
law which was brought by the patentees against John

Rensselaer, an explanation of which, as well as
Van
Jan Hendrick De Bruyn and

hook, and in actual possession
ratified to
others, freeholders of Kinder;
its result, is
them being
as follows
the description of the land " All that tract or parcel

:
given in the following extract from the i\'cw York Guzefle of Nov. 10, 1768,
viz.
of land that lieth on the east side of Hudson's
river, begin-
ning at a place called Swate Hook, and runs north upon

said river four English miles to a certain place called David's
Hook, and then runs

nisscn
east into the woods, keeping the
same
breadth, to the land of Derick Wessels and Gerrit Teun-
and the high
hills
eight English miles, and then south

falls).
to the fall of
Major Abrams" (Chittenden's
The
consideration was the
payment of a quit-rent of " twelve
bushels of good winter marchantable wheat," on the 20th of
March The
old
in
every year.f
" Powell grant" was a tract located in that part of

is
Kinderhook which
tract of four
now Stuyvesant.
Rensselaerwyck and the
to
A
great
thousand acres lying on Kinderhook and
Claverack
creeks,
and between
cause between the Crown and Mr. John Van Rensselaer was ended. It was tried by a struck jury, and came on before the Hon. Justice Jones, on Tuesday, the 25th of October, and continued {with evening adjournments by the consent of parties) until the 5th instant. The suit was for intrusion upon the crown lands, to try the limits of that part of the old Rensselaerswyck manor and .estate called Claverack. It was promoted by certain reduced officers, upon a supposition that there was a great unpatented vacancy between the manors of Rcnsselacrawyck and Livingston and the patents of Kinderhook and Westenhook, and carried on at the expense of the crown. There never was a trial in this colony so solemn, important, and lengthy. The counsel spent about eleven hours in summing up the evidence. Mr. AttorneyGeneral, Mr. Mayor, Mr. Buane, and Mr. Kissam were of the counsel fur the crown and Mr. Smith, Jr., Mr. Scott, and Mr. Thomas Smith conducted the defense. The judge was clear in his charge upon the construction of the old patent in the Rensselaer family, and the jury
"On
Saturday
last the great
patent of
Kinderhook,
was surveyed
Conradt
in
two hours agreed on their verdict for the defendant.
This
Burghart and Elias Van Schaack.J

In 1703, a tract was surveyed to Lawrence Van Schaack and Lawrence Van Alen, " lying south of Kindevhook,
was attached upon the same principles by certain petitioners a few years ago; but their petitions were dismissed by the governor and council in the administration of General Monckton on the 20th
estate
October, 1762."
north of Potkoke, and east of Claverack. ''
A
for six thou-
tract of seven
hundred acres was located by John Van

to
Burgar Huyck and others received a patent

sand acres, Oct.
2,
Ness on Kinderhook creek, and surveyed

surveyor-general's warrant, dated
him on the
12, 1793,
1731, from Rip
Van Dam,
president,
and
March
4,
1788.
Archibald Kennedy and Cadwallader Colden, councillors,

pnge 319; also see Plat Book 9, subdivision D, pnge 197, for field-notes of survey and partition of the Kinderhook patent, ordered by James 11. 1704, and by him conveyed to Colonel Peter Schuyler, John De Bruyn, Andriee Jaisse, and twenty6 of Patents,
,
Under
the act of the
Legislature of
in
March
Book
the rights of the State
a tract of land situated in the
towns of Hillsdale and Kinderhook, lying south of Canaan
and north of the north

of Colonel John
line of lands
claimed by the heirs
Also subdivision E, Field Book 21, for the Kinderhook patent survey, secretary state's office, Albnny.
eight others.
Van
Rensselaer, and also west of Canaan
and east of Kinderhook patent, wore vested in the persons

Book
II, Patents, pp. 3S, 39. 16, surveyor-general's office.
Book 6 of Patents, pp. 154, X Land Papers, vol. vi. p. 21.

t
i Ibid., vol.
iii.
156, office secretary of state.

II
p. 124.
5 Portfolio E, No.

actually in possession, and
their
NEW
YORK.
in a general carrying trade,
traffic.
21
who were holding
the lands in
was not run by him

prosecution of his
but for the

to sup-
own
right,
and not for another.

in such settlers as
An
act of the
title
same
own
It
seems reasonable
body, passed March 22, 1791, vested the

to lands in session.
of the State
actual pos-
pose that, after engaging in the various pursuits of furtrading, river-navigation,
Canaan
were
in
and agriculture, he must have

;
resigned his place as garrison-surgeon

State of
but
if so
we
find
no
The
New York
confirmed the colonial grants,
record of the date of such resignation.
but abolished the feudal tenures and privileges.
He
Columbia
in
married
Catrina
Jochemse, daughter of Jochem
But few
late
leasehold* estates are
now hold
in
Wesselse, and by her had four sons,
namely, Abram (born

Abram
Staats of
last
county, and those are the property of the daughters of the
1665, and in later years known as "
Henry W. Livingston, and
situated in the towns of
Claverack"), Samuel, Jochem, and Jacob, which
named
Copake and Taghkanic.
became, like his father, surgeon to the garrison (1698 to

Also, like his father, he tried navigation, and was 1708). skipper of the sloop " Unity," running between New York
CHAPTER
In regard
fertile
and Albany
besides
which he was
at
one time one of the
IV.
justices of the peace in
and for the county of Albany.

1696.
probable that he
is
EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS IN THE COUNTY.

to the first .settlements
Abram
Staats " of Claverack" married Elsje, daughter of

3,
Johannes Wendell, July

by Europeans upon the
It
is
was born
in
the old massive stone building, which
a part
uplands and in the rich valleys and meadows that
of the dwelling
now occupied by Mr. Joseph Wild, near
the
border the streams of Columbia county,

reasonable
doubt that the
earliest
to
;
we know beyond of these wore made

and west of
Stockport railroad station.
This, however, cannot be the
house
told
within that region which
lies
the north
first built by Major Staats as a dwelling, for we are by Brodhead that in the year preceding the birth of
Stockport and Kinderhook creeks
and that the pioneers

principally
this child
cattle at
(viz., in
July, 1664) the Indians "destroyed
who
first
made
their rude
homes here were
Greenbush, burned the house of Abraham Staats
emigrants from Holland, the frugal but honest and brave

descendants of that race of lowland freemen
at Claverack,
whom
all
the
side of the
Hudson
and ravaged the whole country on the east river." It is possible that the first house
power and prowess of
Rome
could never conquer.
But,
was of
its
stone,
and that the Indian burning destroyed only

but
far
when we
pass beyond these facts,
we
are compelled to deal
roof and interior work, which were afterwards rebuilt

;
with suppositions and probabilities alone.
no person who can

white
tell
with certainty the
man who
built his house here,

first
There now lives name of the first or who can say in

the soil
priority
first
upon and within the same walls
it
is
more prob-
able that the first house was wholly destroyed, and that the
great thickness of the walls of the building which
still
what year or on what spot that

the
dwelling was erected.
stands (for they are fully three feet thick) was given for the
is
Under the well-known maxim that " property in first evidence of settlement," we should give
double purpose of making them fire-proof and of providing

a strong place of refuge in case of future savage attack.
It
is
to
Major Abraham Staats (or Staets), who took out the
certain
that
land patent in the limits of the present county, and

settled
who
lands above the
mouth of
first
Major Abraham Staats occupied his the creek before the date (March
patent; and unless he had so occu-
af the mouth and on the north side of the stream

but which at that time and in
25, 1667) of his
now
called Stockport creek,
pied
it
for
some years before that time, he cannot be

first settler
consequence of his settlement there received the name of " Major Abram's creek," by which it continued to be known
for
thought of as possibly the
within the county of

der Donck, as early
Columbia, for the Dutch historian.

as
Van
more than a century.
1656 mentions Esopus (now Kingston), Rhinebeck, and

as the principal, if not the only, settlements
The major had come
to
Fort Orange (Albany)
in
1642
Kinderhook
with Dominie Melpogcnsis.
He
was by profession a sur-
along the banks of the
Hudson
river.
The
its
settlement
geon, and had almost immediately upon his arrival been

placed in that capacity in charge of the garrison of the fort.
mentioned by Van der Donck was at Old

Landing, and
it
Kinderhook
seems not improbable that
commence-
In 1643 he became a
member of
all
the council, and
was
after-
ment was
earlier than that of
Major Staats
at Claverack.
wards president of the board, with a salary of one hundred

florins.
The
earliest
known
is
reference (excepting the above slight

at
Like nearly
the others of the ncw-comei-s, he
mention by Van der Donck) to the settlements
Kinder-
soon became anxious to participate in the great profits which
hook and Claverack
embodied
in a
communication made
to
were then being realized
in traftic
with the Indians, and so

;
some years
since,
by the Rev. J. Edson Rockwell,

as follows
:
the
applied for and received license to trade in furs
and
in the
Culumbia Republican, which wc quote
prosecution of this
new
calling
we
find
it
recorded that in
"To
lately
to
the early records of the setlleracnt of this region there has
the year 1657 he sent four thousand two hundred beaverthat at the same time he had " a considerable bowery." He was also for many years the owner and skipper of the sloop " Claverack," which plied between Albany and New York. Probably the sloop skins to
^ Life leases were given on the LivingsloD the lower Rensselaer manor.
iiuti
been added one of jjlcisant interest, for which we are indebted
New Amsterdam, and
the
Long Island Historical

C.
Society,
in
Henry
-Murphy, long our minister

fuvyid in his
Holland.
and cspecinlly During
to the lion.
his residence
there, he
scholarly researches
among
ancient douuments
a manuscript copy of a journal of a voyage to

years
16r'J
New
York,
in tho
and 17S0, by Jasper Dankers and Peter Sluyler, two
perpctunt leases
religious sect
Labadist brethren who came thither in search of a homo for the After visiting various to which they belonged.
. . .
The lower manor has been heij
in f
sections around
New
York, they resolved
to
explore the shores of the

in se.irch of a
by Us occupants since aliout ISJI.
Hudson
river,
and on the 15th of April went
boat to

22
go
Albany, and found one ready
to

to to leave
'
NEW
YORK.
immediately.
of the skipper, the journal adds, was
iMeus
Hogeboom,
to
The name whom we
by the nickname of " Jan, the red head," while the rich
lands on the Claverack creek were early settled by a
agreed
pay
for the passage,
twenty-five guilders in
up and down, one Beavor, that is, zewant, and find ourselves. We gave in our
of thrifty Dutch farmers, as

the Labadists as above quoted.
is
number shown by the journal of
names
days
ceeds:
to
after the boat
have them inserted in the passports.' On the 19(h, or four was ready to sail immediately, the journal proleft
The
lands,
'We
New York
about three o'clock

all
in the afternoon,
old,
with
great
about twenty passengers of
kinds,
young and
who made
praises which the brethren bestowed on the low, flat which they found " very delightful and pleasant to
bustle and noiso, in a boat not so large as a
common
ferry-boat in
look upon at the time
when they
are
all
green with the
Holland; and as these people
live in the interior of the
country and
wheat coming up," were

to the
fully merited, not only as applied
somewhat nearer the Indians, they are more wild and untamed, reckless, unrestrained, haughty, and more addicted to misusing the blessed name of God, and to cursing and swearing.' As the wind slackened they came to anchor, in order to stem the ebb tide. "On the 20th they entered the Highlands, and on the 2l3t reached Kinderbook, and on the 22d came to anchor at Fort Orange or Albany. After a visit to Schenectady and Cohoes, they set out for their return on the 30th, and came to anchor at Kinderbook, where a certain female trader had some grain to be carried down the river. While waiting the process of loading, the journal adds, we stepped ashore to amuse our.êlves. We came to a creek where, near the river, lives a man whom they usually call the Child of Luxury (f kinder van walde). He had a saw-mill on the creek or a waterfall, which is a singular one. The water falls quite steep in one body, but it comes down in steps, with a broad rest sometimes between them. These steps were sixty feet or more high, and were formed out of a single rock. We saw chrystals lying in layers between these rocks. They sparkled brightly, and were clear as water.'
'
Claverack creek bottoms, but as well to the lands

all
through
this section of country.
Some
idea of tlieir
virgin fertility
may
be had from the account given in the
journal of David
island,
Pietersen
De
Vries, patroon of Staten

in his
who
in April,
1640, sailed up the North river
own
sloop, on a
voyage of private exploration "
to see the
country there."
For more than
thirty leagues above

all
Fort
Amsterdam he found
hilly,
the banks of the river "
stony and
and
unfit for dwellings ;" but towards the close of the
day, on the 27th of April, he reached the " Catskill," where

there was open land, upon which the natives were employed
in
planting corn.
On
the
following day they
came
to
" Beeren island," where there were

in fishing,
many Indians engaged

the sloop arrived at the
and most beautiful meadows were seen everyriver.
No one
vesant spot as
[says Mr. Rockwell] familiar with the scenery around Stuyfalls

it
where along the
At evening
can
fail to
recognize the description here given of that

'
plantation of Brandt Peeleu, at Castle island.
Here De
particularly
fine,
appeared nearly two hundred years ago. We set sail,' continues the journal, in the evouing, and came to Clavcrack, six*
Vries visited the proprietor at his house, and was astonished

to learn of the great productiveness
teen miles further

in the evening.
down
the river,
where we
full
also took in
somo grnia
it
of his farm
We
were here laden

to ride
of grain, which had to be
on being informed by Peelen that he had raised

crops of wheat upon the
heavy
brought
in their
in four miles
from the country.
The boors who brought
same land
for ten successive years
wagons asked us
out with them to their places, which
without any interval of summer fallowing.

in his description of says, " I
Van Der Donck,

this.
we
did.
We
rode along a high ridge of blue rook on the right hand,
the top of which was

lime.
grown
over.
The stone
is
suitable for burning
New
Netherland, confirms
this
He
The
Large, clear fountains flow out of these
cliS's
or
bills,
the
first
had the land adjoining
same farm, and have
real fountains
and the only ones we have met with

flat,
in this country.
seen
the eleventh crop, which was tolerably good.

this
We
land
arrived at the places, which consist of fine farms; the tillable

is like
name of the man who did
was Brandt Peelen, a native

This
Wiis a short distance
and on (ho side of the creek very delightful and pleasant to look upon, and especially at present time, when they are all green with the wheat coming up. the The woodland also is very good for (making) tillable land, and it was ODO of the locations which pleased me most with its agreeable founthat of Schoon-ecten-deel, low,
tains.'
of the province of Utrecht, and at that time a schepen in the colonic of Ilensselaerswyck."
above the north limit of the present county of Columbia,

but no one
will
"
large, clear fountains
doubt that the lands here were quite as pro-
ductive as those mentioned in the region immediately ad-
The
here mentioned
now
city,
furnish
joining.
one of the sources of water-supply for the city of Hudson,
Both De Vries and Dominie Megapolensis assure us

profusion, and
that
and are situated a short distance east of the
on the
these pioneer colonists lived in the midst of nature's richest

that " the land was very well provisioned
main road
to Claverack.
It is to be noticed that the
name
after-
Claverack was then applied not only to what was
with
all
the necessaries of life."
wards known as Claverack Landing, where now

of Hudson, but also to the settlement of Major
Staats,
is
the city
that both flax and
The old writers assure us hemp grew spontaneously here that every;
Abraham
where, but particularly upon the islands and along the margins of the river and the creeks, the forest-trees were interlaced and
and
in fact to the
whole straight part or." reach" of
the river between these points, " from three bare spots or
clavers
festooned
with grape-vines, which
in
autumn
in
which appear upon the land," says one
writer,
were loaded with
fruit " as
good and as sweet as
Hol-
the bare spots, wherever they
may have
been situated, being

in
land ;" that nut-trees of various kinds were numerous and
(presumably) covered with white clover, which
this
very productive
the
hills
that wild
plums were everywhere; that
region sprang up spontaneously in every place which had
were covered with blackberries, and the meadows
been made clear by burning, or by the indolent agriculture

of the Indians.
and slopes with wild stiawbcrrios, which were so plentiful

that the people would often "
lie
down and
eat thorn,
and
The
first settler in
the vicinity of Claverack Landing, re-
so that in
June
the fields and woods are dyed red."
ferred to in the above narrative as " Claverack, sixteen miles
Captain Hudson, in his journal, said of the country on

the river that " It
is
further down," was Jan Frans

to
Van Hoescn, who is supposed
as beautiful a land as one can tread upon,

;
have settled there
in
1662, the date of his purchase of
and abounds
in all
kinds of excellent ship-timber
walnut,
;
the land from the Indians.

after took land adjoining his,
rit
Among
Dutch
the settlers
who soon
chestnut, yew, and trees of sweet
wood
in
great abundance
and farther inland, were Gerpioneer,
and there
|
is
great store of slate for houses,
and other good
Slichtnhorst and another
who was known
stones."
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUiNTT,

The woods were
which
in
NEW
YORK.
lists
23
alive with game.
There were deer,
From
we
the meagre
of emigrants arriving by different
the aulutnn and in harvest-time were " as fat as
ships about 1660, and in three or four succeeding years,
any Holland dfcr (an le," and the carcafs of cne of these would frequently be offered by the Indians in exchange " for a loaf of bread, or a knife, or even for a tobacco-pipe."
give the few following names, being of those
who
are
believed to have been

in this county, viz.
:
among
the earliest settlers upon lands
In ship " Brown Fish," June, 1658, In the ship " MoesIn the "Faith,"
Ysselstein.
Gillis Mandeville.
There were
of
also wild (uikeys of surprising size,
and so
fearless
Evert Luycas, wife and daughter.
man
that they often
came down
to feed
with the swine
man," April, 1659,
of the colonists.
At
certain seasons of the year the land
February, 1659, Jannetje Teunis
Van
In the
was almost overshadowed by wild pigeons, of which there

were such vast numbers that they sometimes broke down
trees of size
"Gilded Otter," April, 1660, Gerrit Aartsen Van Beuren,

Gerrit Cornelissen
turists."
Van
Beuren,
both named
;
;
as " agricul-
by roosting upon them.
Pheasants, quails,
In the " Beaver," May, 1661, Peter Marcelis
Van
hares, squirrels, and raccoons were found everywhere,

if
and
Beest, wife, four children, and two servants
Aert Pieter-
the desire of the hunter was for more exciting and danits gratification
scn
Buys Van
Beest, wife, and son

;
Frans Jaeobsen
gerous sport, he might uot infrequently find

in a shot at bear, wolf, or panther.
It is
Beest, wife, and two children
probable, however,
Beest
Beest
that the thrifty Hollanders
who
settled
Columbia county
an easy means of
were not much given

only engaged in
it
to
hunting as a mere amusement, but
Beest
Beest
to a limited extent as
Widow Geerije Cornells and six children Widow Adrientje Cornells Goossen Jansen Van Noort and daughter Neeltje Jans Hendrick Dries Van Beest and Geertring Teunissen Van Beest. In
; ;
;
Van Van Van Van Van

the
supplying their families with food.
" Fox," August, 1662, Dirck Storm, wife, and six children, from the
The
great river, and the creeks as well, teemed with the
mayory of Bosch.
In the " Purmerland In the

Beest.
finest fish,
among which were

;
the shad, and
many
kinds
Church," October, 1662, Ferdinandus de Mulder.

" Spotted Cow," April, 1663, Marytje Theunis
scarcely less delicious
while in the branches, particularly

in great
Van
towards their heads, the trout existed
abundance.
In the " Concord," April, 1664, Claes Melius, wife, two

children, and servant.
There were plenty of sturgeon, too, which, as we are told, " the Christians do not make use of, but the Indians eat
Among
Teunissen,
the
early settlers
in
Kinderhook was Gerrit

in
them greedily."
Herrings* there were
in myriads, so that
who patented
his
lands adjoining Kinderhook lake,
if all other sources of
supply had been withdrawn from the

are
told,
as before mentioned.
He
had been a prominent man

less
Indians they could,

alone,
wc
have lived on herrings
Albany before
positions.
removal here, and was no
promicivil
and had abundance.

it is
In the journal of Hudson's
nent afterwards in Kinderhook, both
in military
and
voyage
stated that in the river he "
saw many salmons
and
mullets,
and
rays
very
great."
in
well-informed
Coll.),
From
the "
Documentary History of
New York" we
:
ex-
writer,
however (Dr. Mitchell,
N. Y. Hist. Soc.
tract the following in reference to

"
Kinderhook
discredits the statement that
Hudson saw salmon
in
any
considerable numbers in the North river, though he admits

that they have been taken in
It
it.
must be admitted that these slow-going but shrewd

for settlement
Dutchmen had chosen
a land which had
been highly favored by the hand of nature.
And
The Said Mr. Renselaer and Capt. Tennise Report that when much Inclined to mutiny, who were Preparing themselfs to come hither [to Albany], by reason of a letter wbicb they had Received of Jacob Milborne to come up to Albany in all Speed to Receive Priviledges and Libertyes. So yt they bad much adoe to stop them however, some did come."
they came by Kinderhook they foaode ye People Very
;
there
is
no doubt that by the exercise of the indefatigable industry

of their race they soon broufiht their farms to a high state of cultivation
;
The
date was 1689, and the occasion referred to was the
return of Killian
Van
Rensselaer, of Albany, and Captain
though De Vries, writing of that period,
Gerrit Teunise (or more properly Teunissen), of Kinder-
says that, so universal had
become the passion

from
it,
for traffic,
hook, from Connecticut, whither they had been sent to
owing
to the great gains realized
that " each farmer
convey
to the
governor and council of that State the thanks
became
also a trader."
of the convention (then sitting at Albany) for the proffer
The
greater part of those
who
settled here are said
to
of troops by Connecticut,! for the protection of the
New
have been persons who brought some amount of pecuniary
York
frontier against a threatened attack
by French and
means from Holland, and were not unfrcquently accompanied by servants.
Indians.
Milborne was then at Albany, where he had been
In this they were somewhat different

in
sent from
to protect
New York
with
fifty
men by
Leisler, ostensibly
from most of those who had settled
upper Rensselaer-
them and the
fort,
but
really, as it
was supposed,
wyck, who were sent out at the patroon's expense, and

received
small advances
in
money
or implements,
to
be
repaid with exorbitant interest.
was accepted, and they formed part of an expedition which was organized under command of General Winf This proffer of troops
throp, of Massachusetts, for the protection of the northern border
* Herrings hnve alwnys teen nbundont in the rirer, though for-
merly more so than now.

later
It is related that,
more than actntury
than the time of which we write, a vessel of one hundred tons'
and the invasion of Canada. The Connecticut contingent set out from Hartford, July U, 1690, accompanied by Mr. Robert Livingston ns a guide, and, after marching for a week " through the difficult and almost impassable parts of the wilderness," reached Kinder-
filled at a ungle tide near Rogers' islnnd, below HudThe Indians made great use of these fish .ns on article of food, drying and then pounding them into powder, to be laid away in bark receptacles for winter's use. They also understood the curing of both fish and meats by smoking.
burden was
son.
hook on the 21st. This was the first organized body of armed wbito men which ever marched through this region. They were met at Kinderhook by oiBocrs from the Albany garrison, who escorted them At Albany Oencrol Winthrop was the guest of Mr. to that city.
Robert Livingston,
2-t
NEW
YORK.
to gnin possession of the fort, which was then being held by the adherents of the sovereigns, William and Mary.
ture of tar and other naval stores, and serve as a barrier
against the northern Indians.
It was, however, the opinion
The
extract
is
given here because of
its
reference to a state
it
of the governor that the
Mohawk
lands would not be found
of mutiny
among
" the people" of the place, as at
seems
to
adapted for this purpose, and

to
in a letter
addressed by
him
show that even

It
that early
time the population had
the board of trade, July 24, 1710, he said, "These
already grown to be very considerable.

is
lands, however, I believe will be in no are unable to give
ways
fit
for the de-
a matter of great regret that

list
we
sign in hand, being very good lands which here bears
no
an extended
of the early comers to the northern part
Pines and lyes very remote.

carry
it
I shall, however, be able to

I
of the county.
line
The
portions nearer to the Massachusetts

it
on elsewhere.
...
to
is
am
next
in
terms with some

fitt
and bordering on
different
were settled at a
:
much
later day,
who have
pose,
lands on the Hudson's River
for that pur-
and by a
Irish,
race
that
is,
by people of English,
in chiefly
which I intend
and Scotch extraction, who came

States.
from the
with Dr. Bridges, who
week in company now with me, and gives me good

view
New England
Incouragement."
The
SETTLEMENTS ON THE LIVINGSTON LANDS
PALATINES.
person with
THE
be Robert Livingston.
whom he was in negotiation proved to On the 3d of October following

purchase a Tract of Land on Hudacres,
the governor again wrote the board of trade, saying, " I
The
grants
settlements
in
the
south
upon
have been obliged

the Livingston
son's
to
were
commenced about half
a century later than

as
River from Mr. Lsvingston, consisting of 6000

will
those in the northwest, and by a very different race and

class
your Lordships
it,
observe from this imperfect draught

is,
of men.
On
the 2d of January, 1702, the Earl of
of
for
400
of this country money, that
26G Eng-
lish, for
Bellamont, in a communication to the lords commissioners
the planting of the greatest division of the Palatines.
It has these
of trade, wrote in reference to these tracts as follows

" Mr. Livingston has on his great grant of sixteen miles
advantages besides the goodness of the Soile,
that
it is
adjacent to the Pine, which by the conveyance

to,
we
are Intituled
long and twenty-four broad but four or
and a place where Ships of 50

difficulty."
feet
five
cottages as
am
told
men
buy
that live in vassalage under
him and work
water
tract
may go without
This six-thousand-acre
for him,
and are too poor -to be farmers, having not wherecattle to stock a farm."
was conveyed by Mr. Livingston, through Governor

to the queen, Sept. 9,
withal to
This was certainly

his seventeen
Hunter,
1710, and was identical with
a very poor showing of progress

years of occupancy, and
it
made during
the territory of the present town of

that in
Germantown, except
tract has
more recent years a small triangular

to
does not appear that much, if
been
any, improvement on this condition of things was accomplished in the eight or nine years following that time
so,
;
annexed
berg, for
that town from Clermont.
The immigrants'
as follows
:
settlements within this tract were
named
for the
and
Anns-
when
it
was proposed by Queen Anne

in her
Queen Anne
Haysbury, for Lady Hay, wife of

governor himself;
to
furnish an
for a large
asylum and home
Governor Hunter; Hunterstown,

and Queensbury,
in still further
American possessions
in
body of refugees from the Lower Palatinate, in Germany
honor of the crown.

East Camp."
These
(many of whom had before served now asked her bounty, having been
four were collectively
her armies,* and
who
known
as the "
The
" I
driven from their homes
smaller portion of the Palatines were settled upon
by the ravages of the French), the opportunity was embraced by Mr. Livingston to secure the location of the
greater part of
for the purpose,
to accrue
the west side of the river, where, as the governor then Wrote,
have found a small Tract of about a mile
iti
length along
them on
lands which he sold to the queen

in
the River, which has by some chance not been granted,

tho' pretended
to
having
have been purchased of the Indians by

This small
view the prospective advantages
from such settlement by appreciation of his manor

in other ways, as will appear.
some, where I have planted the remainder."

settlement was
lands,
and
The
in
first
of the Palatines (about

in
fifty in
number) arrived
New York
1708, and were settled on a tract on the
west side of the Hudson, in the county of Ulster.
The
in
second immigration of these unfortunate people occurred
June, 1710, when the ship " Lyon" arrived at
New
known as the " West Camp." During the month of September they commenced moving to the lands assigned them on the east side of the river, and on the ISth of November the governor contracted with Robert Livingston to furnish them with bread and beer, to be delivered to them at his manor-house, at the
rate of sixpence per
York,
having on board a large number, who were disembarked on
diem
for adults
and fourpence
for chil-
Nutten (now Governor's)

at the expen.se of the
island,
and were there cared
dren.
for
fol-
The number
of Palatines for
whom
subsistence was
government.
During the month

bringing
charged during the following winter was two thousand two
lowing several other ships arrived, also
many
hundred and nine of

and
fifty-two were
all
ages, of
whom
nineteen
tract,
hundred
hundreds of the Palatines, who were similarly disposed of
upon the Livingston
and two hun-
Upon
to the
the (juestion of the location of lands upon which
dred and fifty-seven in the two camps or villages on the

west side of the river.
to establish
them,
it
was
at first
proposed that they be sent
Mohawk, and Governor Hunter ordered a survey to be made for the purpose it being the intention of the
;
From
the very
first
the colonists seem to have evinced a
feeling of dissatisfaction, particularly in regard to the
change
government that they should be employed

-
of location from Schoharie, which had

in the
first
been selected,
manufacto the Livingston lands, where, as

to
they believed, they were
Their services having been purchased by the queen from their sovereign, the elector, after the custom of those times.
bo denied the privilege of a small, separate tract for each
family, as
had been promised, but were instead
to
be kept
NEW
YORK.
to

together ia three or four large communities, to labor for
life in
25
upon the
and
tract,
but that they would remove

if
Schoharie,
a diatastefal occupation for the advantage of those

it
for this
purpos* would use force

to
necessary.
At
this
into
whose power
felt
wns their misfortune
to
have
fallen.
juncture the governor sent
Albany, ordering a lieutenant
They
deeply grateful for the royal benevolence of the
with a detachment of sixty soldiers to meet him at the
queen, but they distrusted the good faith of their immediate

superiors,
manor
for the
purpose of overawing the Germans,
if
they
and
chiefly that of the governor

this distrustful feeling
and the lord of the
could not be conciliated.
manor
and that
was shared by some

letter
Upon
his arrival with the troops,
demanding
to
know
the
in high station clearly appears
from the tenor of a
cause of their insubordination, he was told that they would

rather lose their lives than remain where they were
;
addressed to Lord Dartmouth,
March
8,
1711, by Lord
that
Clarendon,* in which the latter says,

"
I
they had
first
been cheated in the
contract which they had
Ihiak
it is
uahappy
into so
ill
that Colo. Huater, at his
arrival in his
signed,
it
being wholly different from that which had been
government,
fell
hands, for this Leringston has been a very

ill
known
read to them in their
own language
w;is to
in
England, by the
many
years in that Province for
man.
He
formerly
terms of which each family

to be paid for at the
tar, pitch,
have forty acres of land,
which he was guilty of most notorious frauds, by which he greatly improved his Estate. He has a Mill and a Brew-house upon his land, and if he can get the Victualling of
victualled the forces in Albany, in
end of seven years in hemp, timber,
or other productions, instead of

to
which
it
was
those Palatines
will
who
are so conveniently posted for his purpose, he
now designed
had
plainly
make them
life-long slaves, as
Mr. Cast
to
make a very good
addition to his Estate

to
and
am
persuaded the
and insolently told them,
a condition
which
hopes he has of such a Subsistence
be allowed by Iler Majesty
were the Chief, if not the only, Inducements that prevailed with him to propose to Colo. Hunter to settle them upon his land, which is not
the best place for Pine Trees.
they would not submit, but were determined to remove to
and occupy the lands

designed for them.
at Schoharie
which the queen had
The Borders
of Hudson's River above

to
Albany, and the Mohacks River, Schenectady, are well known

the best places for Pines of
be
all sorts, both for numbers and largeness drawn by Colo. Hunter for one-quarter's Subsistence for 1764 adults and 445 Persons under age, in all making 2209 Persons, and amounting to 4700.17.11, seems to be computed according to the numbers that landed at New York in June, 1710,
of Trees.
The
bills
" Whilst his Excellency was talking with the Deputys, ho received Information that there was a great body of men in arms on the other
and having by that time a reinforcement of seventy more, he marched the detachment immediately, and passed the Brook; the Palatines were run home to their bouses. His Eiocllency
side of the Brook,
men
which, with submission.
I
.
think ought not to be, because

. .
it is
certain
many
of
them are dead.f

if
My
Lord, upon the whole matter I

is
am
the
marched to the first village, and ordered them to bring in all their arms, which they did Immediately, except a few. He could go no
further that night, but the next
of opinion that,
the Subsistence proposed
allowed, the conse,-
morning marched
to
ye other three
all,
quence
will
be that Lcvingston and some others will get Estates
Villages on the same side of the River, and disarmed them
and
Palatines will not be the richer."

If,
then returning
to
Mr. Levingston, sent orders
to the
Villages on the
by the expression
"
Levingston and
some others,"
would
other side to bring in their arms that day to the Store house, to be transported to him. After his Excellency had disarmed them,
. . .
Lord Clarendon intended the implication that the governor

and Livingston were confederated
in
he sent back the detachment
the matter,
it
seem
to
be disproved by a
to
letter,
dated Oct. 22, 1711, from
to Albany, and the sober and better part of the people, being secured from the rage of the hot-headed, unthinking, and misguided, met together to debate on their former pro-
ceedings, and with a general Consent
came
to this
Resolution, to
Governor Hunter
General Nicholson, | on the eve of the
acknowledge
their
their faults,
The governor had learned that Livingston had requested Nicholson to make a report to the home government damaging to the admindeparture of the latter for England.
istration of
hearty repentance.
ask his Excellency's pardon, and signify Accordingly, all the Villages by their
Deputys waited on him, and some of them on their knees asked bis pardon, and promised a thorough Reformation of their behavior, and
an entire Hesignation
to his orders for the future;
whereupon
his
Hunter, and upon thb subject the
latter said,
cannot forbear taking notice of this proceeding of Mr. Livingmost base and Villainous practice if there be any truth in it, and I hope I have deserved that Justice from you that you will as soone as may be acquaint mc with what Mr. Livingston has thought fittto represent. I know him to be ye most selfish man alive,
I ston's as a
"
Excellency pardoned them, with this Certification, that the first disobedience shall be punished with the utmost rigor the law will allow, which they received with great joy, and now (hey begin to demon-
by inquiring when they shall be set and show a great desire to make a good beginning on it."
strate their sincerity
to
{
work,
Lcttert
but
could never have believed that a roan who lay under so
many
of Secretary Clarke to the Lords of Trade, N. Y., vol. iii. pp.'665-667.)
Maj
30, 1711.
Doc. Hist.
obligations to
me
as he does
would take
it
into bis head to
make any
at least;
Representations to
my
prejudice without acquainting
me
neither can I be persuaded that after ye
manner wee have Liv'd
The energetic action of the governor had thoroughly cowed the colonists and reduced them to submission. They
returned to their distasteful work in the pi tie woods, but
it
togcatber, and ye mutuall confidence betweene us, you would eagage
yor Sclfe in anything of that nature upon the Suggestions of such a rann. I have suffered here by giveing him too much Countenance, And
if
was done
he
sullenly
and with great
dissatisfaction.
In a letter
any
Man
has any Advantage by ye Palatines here
it is
he.
I beg
written by Mr. Cast to the governor in the following July

said,
you'l cleare that matter to me, because hee has too considerable a
trust to bo
"
Mr. Saeket
is
now busy constructing

to the river-side.
.
a Bridge
. .
continued
to
him
after soe base
and barbarous a practice."
for the
conveyance of the Tar
The
On
tines
the 1st of May, 1711, the whole
number of Pal.v
people, perceiving that the construction of this bridge fore-
upon the Livingston
tract
was 1178, and these were

tar-making nor remain
shadows the manufacture of

J
a large
number of
Barrels of
in a state of almost
open mutiny, having resolved that they

to
would neither continue

Doe. Hist. N. Y., vol.
work
at
Robert Livingston, John Cast, Richard Saeket, Godfrey Walsen, Andrew Bagger, and Herman Schurcman formed the board of commissioners who had general charge and superintendence of the
Palatine settlement.
iii.
p. 636.
court for the trial of Palatine cases was
t
for
bill
dated Sept.
5,
1711. presented by Peter Willemse
two hundred and
fifty coffins
furnished for Palatines
Romcrs who died un
aulKorizcd by Governor Hunter, but with the express condition that

of this court " Robert Livingston or Richard Saeket
is
always
to
be
Nutten island, seems
to
confirm his lordship's opinion.

iii.
one."
Richard Saeket was the
t Doc. Hist. N. Y., vol.
p. 675.
Partners" in
upon the " Great Nino Dutchess county, before the coming of the Palatines,
first
settler

Tar, disapprove likewise of
will rot before
it is
NEW
YORK.
its
erection,
:
and say the bridge

that they do
on their lands, and promised them such assistance and protection as they
put to that use
Meaning
were able
to give.
Upon which,
with great
not intend to remain on Livini^ton's lands long enough to
labor, they cleared a track
through the woods, and at the

of their families were on their
make
use of said bridge.
This
last
opinion does not dis-
end of two weeks about
fifty
turb me.
The advantage
already gained over the people
way
to " the Schorie," to
them the land of promise.
This
makes me hope to effect a complete victory over them." Such expressions as these show that among those official subordinates of Queen Anne there existed very iiltle of the benevolent pity which had moved her to beliiend, the helpless Palatine exiles.
step provoked the wrath and fierce threats of the governor,
but these they could not heed when the alternative was
starvation, and before the end of
March, 1713, the greater

left their
part of the Palatine colonists had
settlements on
the Livingston purchase, and passed across the mountains
During
this
summer about
against
three hundred of the aiinsin
and through the deep snows

frontier.
to rejoin their
neighbors on the
enterprise
it
bearing portion of the colonists volunteered* for service
At
the
commencement of the
was
the expedition
Canada under General Nicholson.
said and believed that the Livingston tract and the Palatine
From
The
stores
this expedition they returned to find their families in
lands on the west side of the river would " enable the send-
a state approaching starvation.

result
ing of Tar and Pitch enough, not only for supplying the the manufacture of naval
accomplished
in
Royal, but even the whole

long, however, before
it
Navy of England."
It
was not
during the season of 1711 was far from satisfactory,
became apparent that these great

In the absence of
and on the opening of the following spring the governor enforced the strictest regulations to secure subordination and
efficient
expectations were not to be realized.

visible
results
the promoters of the project in

all
England
work,
the
first
and most significant of which was
wrote Governor Hunter, imploring him at

"
hazards to
that a lieutenant and thirty soldiers should be ordered from
send Tarr, to convince the world of the solidity of the
the garrison at Albany to Livingston manor, " there to be
project;" and in 1712 (Oct. 31) the governor, in writing

to
posted in such
manner and
at
such places for the better car-
the Lords of Trade, mentions that the whole superin-
rying on the work as Mr. Sacket shall think proper, and that
tents be provided furlhem."
tendency of the work was then in Mr. Sacket's hands,

" since Mr. Bridges did so basely desert
it."
The
rations both of bread

it "
and
Mr. Bridges
in tar-
beer were also reduced, as the governor found

neces.sary to
absolutely
was a Massachusetts man, supposed

and
to superintend the
to
be an expert
a.s
make
the
Expence
for the Palatins as little as
and rosin-making, and was employed

art
such to teach the

the above
it
pos-siblo;" but,
notwithstanding his best efforts in the direc-
work.
From
seems
tion of discipline and economy, the
coming of the autumn

a failure, and
to assure
evident that he soon saw that the enterprise must
fail,
and
made
it
apparent that the
"
Tarr
Work" was
decided to leave
it
to its fate.
must be abandoned, though the governor was careful

the people that no such thought was entertained.
The
entire result of the
work was the production of

tar,
less
At
all
the the
than two hundred barrels of
and then the project was
same time he
notified
them that he had exhausted

total
abandoned
in disaster.
money and
work,
it
credit
he possessed for their support, and that to
" Such of that people as were sober and industrious,"
prevent their perishing, and the
abandonment of the
and the province
wrote Governor Hunter to the secretary of the board of

trade,
tled
was his desire that they accept any employment

in this
July 26, 1720, " remain on the Lands where I

at
first,
set-
they could secure from the farmers

of
them
and which I was obliged

for the
to
purchase for
New
Jersey.
Prior to this they had been threatened

if
them on Hudson's River
Ends proposed by those

the rest have
with severest penalties

villages,
they should dare to leave their

to
who
sent them, vizt., the Manufacture of Naval Stores.

to subsist
fact
is
and constables were ordered "
forewarne
all
of
These are well enabled

been wanderers."
themselves
their Districts that they do not
Harbor any
pallatines at
The
that about fifty families re-
their perrill."
But now,
at the
commencement of
it
winter,
mained, and were allowed
to locate
on different portions of
it is
they were cast adrift and advised to seek for employment
the tract as farmers, in which vocation
probable that
(which both they and the governor well knew

sible for
was Impos-
they became reasonably prosperous. In August, 1724,

enty families on the
their
it
them
to obtain)
among
the farmers.
appears that there were about sev-
This heartless abandonment by the authorities, whose
tract,
of
whom
sixty heads subscribed
duty
it
was
to care for
them, " occasioned a terrible Con-
names
as being desirous to continue there, while the

settlers.
sternation amongst them, and particularly from the
women
other ten declined to remain as permanent

list
The
and Children the most pityfull and dolerous Cryes and

lamentations that perhaps have ever been heard from any
referred to was prepared by the surveyor-general in obe-
dience to an order of council, issued in consideration of the

petition of
persons under the most wretched and miserable circumstances; so that they were at
last,
Jacob
S.
Scherb, Christoffel Hagendorn, and Ja13, 1724, in behalf of
much
against their wills,
cob Schumacker,
selves
made June
themfor the
put under the hard and greeting necessity of seeking relief
and the other Palatine inhabitants, praying
from the Indians."

In their extremity some of their people proceeded to
Si-hoharie,
* This
issuance of letters patent for the Palatine tract to the petitioners
and other occupants.
The matter was

at a to the
referred to a
at
where the Indians gave them permission

tho term uscil in the nncicnt
to settle
committee of the council, who,
meeting held
Fort
George, Aug. 27, 1724, reported

is
governor that they
documents referring
for that
to the
''
matter, Lut the word Ji-n/teU would be more appropriate, as they
Have
considered of the same, and are of opinion that your
went
in
obedience
to a
peremptory order
number
of
men
to
be furnii<hcd from the I'alatioc fettlemtnts.
may grant to Jacob Sharpe, Johannes Heiner, Johannus Kolman, and Christophel Hagendorn, their heirs
Excellency

and
assigns, six thousand acres" (describing
;
NEW
YORK.
it
by bounda-
outrages (if there were any besides that at Staats') they
rias)
upon which the grant was made, with

of which
will
certain condi-
committed
shed.
in this
county, or whether any white blood was

its
tions, all
be found more fully mentioned in
This inroad, whatever
extent, w;is, without doubt,
the history of the town of Germantown.
Thus, such of the
the work of other tribes than the MoJiicans, for they were at
that time too
Palatines as remained became eventually proprietors of the
weak
in
numbers, and too much cowed by
lands on which they had settled, and to-day their descendants are numerous throughout the county.
years of subjugation, to undertake offensive warfare, unless

incited
and supported by other and more powerful bauds.

raid of
From
"
List of the Ffreeholders of the City and

to
But the
settlers
1664, whether
it
was an extensive and

effect to
County of Albany," made pursuant

high
sheriff,
an order of court,
bloody one or not, had, undoubtedly, the
make
tiie
dated June 11, 1720, and directed to Gerrit
Van
Schaick,
more
distrustful,
more
fearful of Indian
hostility,
we
transcribe the
names of those then resident

fol-
and
to cause
them
to strengthen
their houses,
and
to erect
within the present limits of the county of Columbia, as

lows: " Kenderhook and part Mnnnnr of
Liiiiiiffatoii,
buildings to be used as places of

fense in case of a
common shelter and deThe Hon. 11. C. dangerous outbreak.

in his
viz.:
Jochim Von
Van
Schaack, of Manlius, N. Y.,
unpublished " Life
Valkenburgh, Isaac Fausburgh, Caspar Rouse, Peter Van Alcn, Lamert Huyck, Burger Huyck, Johannia Huyck, Derrick Gardineer,
Peter
of Colonel
Henry Van Schaack,"
says,
Van
Slyck,
John Gardineer, Evert Wieler, Derrick Goes, Peter
Fausburgh, Peter Van Buren, Jno. Goes, Mattias Goes, Luykus Van Alen, Jacobus Van Alen, Evert Van Alen, Johannis Vandeusen, CorSchermerhorn, Johannis Van Alen, Gerrit Dingtnans, Bartlemeus Van Valkenburgh, Thomas Van Alstine, Coonrodt Burgaert, Stephanis Van Alen, John Burgaert, Abram Van Alstine, Lawrence A'an Schauk, Jurie Klaime, Guisbert Scherp, Lawrence Scherp, Hendrick Clawe, Lamert Valkenburgh, Melgert Vanderpoel, Lencrd Conells
"A portion of the old Dutch parsonage still standing in Kinderhook originally formed a part of a fort, with a stockade as an outside barrier. On one occasion, when the men were all absent, Indians appeared in the vicinity the women repaired to the fort, and having dressed themselves in men's clothes and hats, they, under the lead of Mrs. Hoes, a brave Dutch matron, paraded with shouldered muskets
:
and made great some of

the old
noises.
The Indians, deceived by

first
this
appearance
In
of strength, did not venture to attack the feminine garrison.
nine.
*'
Dutch houses, when
erected, there were port-holes

to
In the north part of the
Mannnr of
Livlngaton
Robert Livings-
in their gable ends, placed there to enable the occupants
defend
Winne, Jan Emmerick Plees, Hans Ham, Coonradt Schureman, Johannis Pulver, Bastian Spikerman, Nicolas Smith, Baltis Anspah, Jno. Wm. Simon, Hans .Jurie Prooper, Abram Luyke, Broer Decker, Jurie Decker, Nicolas Witbeck, Johannis Uldrigh, Ffitz Muzigh, Coonrod Kclder, David Hooper, Gabriell Broose, Solomon
ton, Esq., Peter CoUe, Killian
themselves when attacked by the savages."
Sibans, Claes Bruise, Jonat. Rees, Coonrodt
The time to which he alludes, however, was probably about 1755, or more than ninety years later than that of which we have written above and there is no reason to
;
Schutt, Jacob Stover, Johanis Rosoraan, Nicos. Styker.
believe that during

this
all
that long period

to
tlie settlers
within
" /n Cliiaerack: Tobias Tcobroeck, Cornells Mulder, Cornilis Esselstinc, Jercmias Mulder, Derrick Hogoboom, Cornells Huyck, Isaac Vandusen, Jno. Hoose, George Sidnem, Richard Moor, John Uardyck, Hcndr. Van Salsbergcn, Jacob Van Hoosem, Kasper Van Hoosem, Jan Van Hooscra, Samuel Ten Broeck, Peter Uogoboom, Rob. Van Deusen, Casper Conine, Frank Hardyke, Johannis Van Hoosem, John Bout, Wm. Halenbeck, Johannis Coolo, John Rees, Wm. Rees, Johannis Scherp, Andries Ilccs, Ghondia Lamafire, Hendrick Whitbeok, Jurie Fretts, Hendrick Lodowick, Jacob Eswin, Jurie Jan, Cloud Lamatere."
county saw any occasion
avail
themselves of the
defenses which they had prepared.
In Queen Anne's war,
in
1704, the Ilousatonic river
was made, by mutual agreement between the Indian belligerents fighting respectively with the French and with
the English, the eastern boundary of the neutral ground. ' the In the " Colonial History" (vi. 371) it is stated that
inliabitants of this province living on the west side of that
This
is
beyond doubt
a correct
list,
and doubtless
a very
river* followed
all
their occupations in husbandry as
in
nearly complete one of
all
the freeholders then living within
time of peace, while at the same time the inhabitants of
the limits of the county of Columbia.
There were
at that
New England
were
in their sight
exposed to the merciless
time no freeholders
in
Germantown, and the eastern part of
cruelty of the French and Indians."
And
this
is
the ex-
the county north of Livingston manor was at that time a

wilderness.
planation of the fact that, through the oonstantly-recun-ing
ple
wars which succeeded, from that time until 1754, the peoinhabiting this section enjoyed entire security from
outrage.
five
Indian
In
the
year
named, on
the
2Sth
of
CHAPTER
August, about
hundred Indians, who four days before
V.
had
left
INDIAN INCUHSIONS-THE FRENCH AND INDIAN VTAR-THE REVOLUTION.

The
inhabitants living within the bounds of this county
tion of rapine
Crown Point, on Lake Champlain, on an expediand murder to which they were incited by
fell
the French,
upon " Dutch Hoosnck," near the Ver-
mont
line,
destroyed the settlement, and ma.ssacrcd
many
never suffered severely from Indian ravages.
When Hud-
of the inhabitants.
This sharpened their appetite
for blood,
son explored the river he found the natives peaceable, and

well disposed towards the whites, and they continued to be
so fur
and, although they did not then wholly ignore the line of
neutrality, small
parties
to
detached
from
the
main body
all
many
yoare.
We
find
no account of any Indian
scoured the country
the south and west, and, during
violence committed against the settlers south of the present

line
the period of that war's continuance, the settlers at
Kin-
of
Rensselaer county until the attack

in
of
lGiJ4, to
told
deihook and
>
iu
other parts of this county
lost
their pre-
which we have already alluded,

east of
which we are
that
The
territory of
New York was

it
at
that time supposed to c.\lcnd

uaileil,
they burnt Major Staats' house, and " ravaged the country
cast to
the
llousatonic (or, as
was then
the Weslenbook)
Hudson's river;
'
but we are not told what particular

vious feeling of safety
;
NEW YORK.
known what
for
thougli
it
does not appear that any

of
in
It is not
soldiers
were furnished by
this part
savage incursions were made here except about the year
Albany county
the French war, but several officers

their
1755, nor that these were very bloody or destructive,

pecially
es-
that conflict had
homes
in the
when compared with

the
those which so often occurred
prominent of
whom was Henry Van
in Massachusetts
and other parts of
New
England.
under Sir William Johnson
among the most who served expedition against Crown

hero,
Scliaack,
From
New York Mercvry
of July 14, 1755,
we
Point, in 1775, being at that time a lieutenant in the com-
extract the following account of an Indian attack which
pany which was commanded by Captain (afterwards MajorGeneral) Philip Schuyler.
had then recently been made near Kinderhook

hear from Kinderhook that on Wednesday, the 2d inslant, as four men, two boys, and a negro were hoeing corn in a ticld near that place, they were surprised and fired upon by si.^ Indi.-ins and a
"
In the campaign against Niagara
We
he was major, and
in
both these campaigns he gained great
credit for soldierly qualities,
and was favorably mentioned
by Sir William,
in general orders, for his part in the battle
Frenchman, which wounded one of the men, a boy, and the negro when they, with the three others, took to their heels; the named John Gardineer, ran towards their arms, that were nigh at band, and having dispatched two of the Indians, a third closed in upon him, and in the scuffle the Frenchman came up, and seeing Gardineer get the belter of the Indian, he knocked him down with his piece and afterwards scalped him, when the Indians made off and carried their dead with them. Some short time after, Gardineer came to himself, nnd with some difficulty reached the fort. He was so stunned with the blow he received from Ihe Frenchman that he was insensible of being scalped until he was informed by the people, who discovered the blood, but remembered the whole of their proceedings before, and said he could have killed three of the Indiana had not the second gun he look up missed fire. ' On the receipt of the above news the sum of twelve pounds was immediately raised by a few gentlemen in this cily, and sent to John Gardineer for his gallant behavior, to support his wife and family during bis illness, and 'tis to be hoped Ihat those gentlemen who
fellow,
of Sept. 8, 1755, at
Lake George.
His
father, Cornelius
seventh,
Van
Sehaack, served as colonel in the same war.
THE REVOLUTION.
In the revolutionary struggle for independence an earnest
and patriotic part was taken by the inhabitants of

tion of
this por-
Albany county.
heard, as from afar
off,
They
tent
the mutterings of discon-
which arose
the
at the pa.ssage of the
Stamp Act of 17G4,

incipient
rebellion,
and
more ominous growling of
occasioned by the Boston ma.ssacre and the forced importation
of tea; a growling which deepened into the unmisit
takable roar of revolution as
rolled
across the country
from the barren old Lexington common and from the steep
sides of
would willingly infuse a martial

imitation."
.spirit
in
the armies
now going
Bunker
Hill.
Then
all
the patriotic flame burst forth

it
against our enemies will follow an example so truly worthy of their
and spread through
the colonies, and
burned as
brightly here upon the shore of the
Hudson and along the
The same
paper, in
its
issue of July 21, narrates the
slopes of the Taghkanics as
it
did on the plain of Benning-
particulars of a subsequent inroad, probably by the

parly, and near the
" AVe hear that on hook, and carried
pursuit of them."
same
ton or the banks of the Brandywine, though here are no

historic battle-fields,
same
place, as follows
last
and the
soil
has never been pressed
Monday
another party
of French and
by the
foot of the invader.*

in this
Indians, consisting of between thirty and forty, appeared at Kinderotf a
young boy and wounded
a negro man,
Committees of safety were formed

consolidated in one early in
and other parts
and
that Robert Livingston, Jr., Esq., with about forty men, were gone in
of Albany county in 1774, and these were associated or
1775.
document showsigners will
And
"
again, from the issue of July 27
ing this fact

it is
is
still in
existence in Albany, and a copy of
the morning, a party of Indians
Wednesday, the 9th instant, in came to the house of Jonchem Vanderberg and carried off a young woman and two of bis children. The man himself, lying on a bed unobserved by the Indians, went quietly up-stairs, and after loading his gun with shot fired at one of them who remained somewhat longer than Ihe rest in order to carry off his wife, and killed him on the spot, .and at the same time wounded his wife, but so slightly that hor life was not in the least danger. ... We are told that on receipt of the above news ot .\lbany, and the cruelties committed by the savages at Kinderhook, one hundred brave New Eugland men were immediately despatched from the army with orders to scour the woods tor si.t days, and, if possible, to intercept the Indians on iheir return to Canada.
Wc
learn from Claverack that on
given
below.
Among
the names of
its
be found those of
many whose residence was in what is now Columbia county. The document is dated February 24, 1775, and endorsed "^1 general assucialiou, agieed to and
lite
subscvibtd by
city
members of
:"
the several coviiitiltccs
of
the
and county of Albany
ministry
sceno
" We, the Freemen, Freeholders, and Inhabitants of the City and County of .\lbany, being greatly alarmed at the avowed design of the to raise a revenue in America, and shocked by the bloody
now acting
in the
to
Massachusetts Cay, do, in
tlie
most solemn
We
have advice from men, were

re-
manner, resolve never

endeavor
to
Kinderhook that Robert Livingston,
Jr., Esq., with his
the ties of religion, honor,
become slaves, and do associate, under all and love to our country, to adopt and
turned, after being out several days in quest of the Indians."
carry into execution whatever measures

the Continental Congress, or restdved
may
be recom-
mended by
Tiiere
upon by our Pro-
may have been

it
other Indian forays into this region
vincial Convention, lor the purpose of preserving our Constitution
during the French and Indian war, but we find no account

uf them, and
will
and opposing the execution of

Brilairi
the several arbitrary
and oppressive
be noticed that those which we have

affairs,
acts ot the British Parliament until a reconciliation between Great
mentioned were but inconsiderable

in
and could not

very likely that
and .\merica. on constitutional principles (which

.ind that we will in
we must
things
ardently desire), can bo obtained,

follow the advice of our General
all
any sense be termed massacres.
It
is
Committee respecting the purposes
the settlers in this county were protected by their nationality, for

it is
certain that the savages in this province (ex-
.\
Erilish detachment under Gen.
Vauglun did land
at
Clermont
is
cepting at Esopus and below that place, on the rivcrj were

disposed to be friendly towards the Dutcli, as tho.se of
in 1777,
and remained long enough
to fire the Li\
ingstou mansion at
New
that place, after which they retreated ])recipitately.
This
the
England were correspondingly

ini; settlers
only instance of an armed foe ever setting foot within Ihe county.
hostile to the English-spcak-
.After liurgoyne's
surrender he and some of his suite passed us pris-
in that rciiion.
oners through ICindcrhook, and were hospitably entertained there.

aforesaid, the preservation of peace
NEW
YORK.
29
and good order, and the safety
duce a
till
of iDilividuuls
and private property.

Livixcstox,
"Waltkk
"John Barclay, Chainuan. Henry I. Bogert,

Adrx. Cdyler, Robert McClellan,
certificate, or give satisfaction to the Officer, to be detained Morning, and then brought to the Chairman of the Committee.. "9. That every Ccntinel that is found sleeping on his post, to be
till
put under Guard
morning, and brought
to the
Chairman of tho
John Bay, James Magee,

tvsse.v coldorx,
Jo. You.vG,
Committee.
" 10. That every Officer or private
Man
that Refuses or Neglects
Henry Wen bell,

Corn's Van Santvoordt, Rr. Bleecker,
to serve, to be dealt with according to the Resolutions of the pro-
vincial Congress for Regulating the
Night-Watch.
in person, unless pre-
ElCHARD
ESSELSTY.V,
" 11. That every
Man
is
is
to
Mount Guard
OrnsiEL Gardner, Baret Dyne, Isaac Van Aerxum, GiSDERT MaRSELIS, Pm. D. Schuyler, George White, John McClung, guthorn woodworth, Bastejaen T. Vescheb, Fi.ous Bancker, John Kmckerdackrr, Jr., Barest Vandebpoel, William Van Bergen, John Abbott, Jacobus Williamson,
Saml.
Henry Bleecker,
John H. Ten Eyck, Jacob Bleecker, Jr.,
vented by sickness
"12. That no
he
is to
Man
procure a ^lan for his Night, otherwise

Best, shall consist of eighty-four
Excused from serving by being from home; to pay tho fine."

men. which number
is
Beekman, Har. Wendell,

Jno. T.
"Ketoloed, That the Night-Watch to be kept from Dirck Jansen's to
Harme
.
to be
Matthew Adgate,
Abm. Yates, Jun., John Taylor, Rutger Lansingh, Henry Quackenboss, John M. Beekma.n,
divided in seven subdivisions.

"Resolvedf That twelve "Resolved,
men
be the guard for a Night, exclusive of
the Officer.
That the Night-Watch
to
be
kept at Samuel
Tot:
Broeck's" shall consist of twenty-eight men, which number

divided in seven subdivisions."
is to
be
Van
Veciiten,
Peter Becker, Ebenezer Allen,

Simeon Covell,
Asa Flint, James Parrot, Henry L. Leake, Andries Watbeck, Mat. Visscher,
Saml. Stringer,
John D. Fonda, John Van Rensselaer, Jr., John Price, Anthony Van Schaick, DiRcK Ten Broeck, Reitzert Bronker, Frkderick Berincer, Reyneer Van Aalstevn, Philip Van Veghten,
Joshua Losee,
The above was taken from two

journal
ing.
;
consecutive pages of the
those preceding and following these being miss-
It will be noticed that this refers only to the

;
main-
tenance of a watch in Livingston manor
but as other parts
of the (present) county wore quite as

Tories as was the manor, there
is
much
it
infested
if
by
the
no doubt that
remainder of the journal were accessible,
would show
Gerrit Lansing, Jun., John Ten Broeck, Robert Yates,
Anthony Van Bergen, Aldertus Van Loo.n, Mvnd. Roseuoom, John Van Loon, Ab. Ten Eyck,
that the same precautionary measures were taken in other,

if
not in
all,
parts of the county
in
which case
it
would
appear that the patriotic portion of the people here were

compelled, in order to guard their lives and property, to
Henry Van Veghten."
perform service at
home
nearly as arduous as that which was

field.
required of soldiers in the
To wreak
But
where
it
their vengeance on the
Whigs, whom they
so
was not
all
patriotism.
Here, as almost every-
bitterly hated
(though often their immediate neighbors),

;
at that
time, there were Tories, adherents of the

;
these Tories hesitated at no crime, however black
not
king and hatere of the cause of the people

that in few communities, even along the
and
it is
said
even at murder, which by them was by no means infrequent, and was always accompanied by robbery and pillage.
North
river,
were
they more active and bitter than in Albany county, and in

that part of
Two
such instances are given below,
Albany which
is
now Columbia.
re-
and the other of murder,
one of incendiarism committed by both of

Tories,
fully avenged, as
From
a fragment (there are but two or three leaves
which crimes were swiftly and

captured
ecution.
was always
maining) of an ancient book which contained a journal of

the proceedings of the committee of safety
the case in those days whenever the Tory criminals were

;
we have
copied
trial
in
such instances generally following ex-
the following, in relation to the establishing and maintaining of a night-watch in the county, for the purpose of
The
related
instance of incendiarism and attempt at
murder was
by him
to
guarding and defending the persons and property of patriots

against the machinations and evil designs of Tories
" AnIcUt for Regututiiig
to
;
by John H. Dickie,
in a letter written
the Rev. Dr. E. S. Porter, and dated Claverack, Aug. 30,

18t)7.
the Niijht- Wutch in the Manor of Livingilon, cummence 27lh Scj'lember, 1776, and tu Cuiitlmic tchenever tliutiijht proper accnrdlnrj to a Ucanive of thin Committee.
J
Tho account
refers to Captain
is
Casparus Conyn, the
grandfather of the narrator, and
as follows
" During the darkest period of our Revolution he (at
"Art.
1.
Thiit the
Guard
for
every Night consist of twelve jnen,
that time holding a commission of captain) received a furlough, came
exclusive of the
ofliccr.
"2. That the Guard shalt muster at Eight o'clock p.m., at the GuftfdHouse. '* 3. That the Guard shall take the first Grand Rounds at o'clock
precisely.
posing
in his
home to visit his family, and while there, reown house, about midnight, a noise was heard
She awoke him,
in the house.
That the Guard he dismissed at 5 o'clock a.m. " 5. That the otccr of the Guard station two men at the house of Dirck Jansen, and two men at the house of Harme Best, which Men ahull be relieved Every 2\ hours. "6. That the Officer shall take the Grand Rounds, with the Eight remaiuing Men, every 2! hours. " 7. That when auy person is seen, the Guard to Challenge them
-t.
"
telling him she believed there They sprang up and found the Every window had a sentinel, and they house surrounded. found it too late to give an alarm. The robbei-s, or Tories,
by
his wife.
were robbers
as they
were
called,
had already entered the house.
They
carried
away every
available thing they could, and such as
three times distinctly, and
if
no Answer
is
returned, or attempts to
run, the
Guard to have full liberty to fire. "8. That when any person is taken by the Guard, Guard comes up, when,
to
if
be detained
there until the Officer of the
be can't pro-
- Among those who at one time fori Hi the ?uard station Ten Brocck's are found the uauies of Nicholas Power, Dirck Jansen, Marks Bladtner, Samuel J. Ten Broeck, Pctrus Wynkoo[, Jr., Petrus Van Gaasbeck, and Leonard Ten Broeck.
30

They emptied the cream-pots
articles as jewelry,
NEW
YORK.
they could not, destroyed.
upon the
floors
and the feathers from the beds, mixing
the north bounds of the old Van Hoesen farm (now owned by Hon. Perkins F. Cady) to the Rensselaer county line.
" The homestead or dwelling-hou.se, at the date mentioned, was of stone, and pierced with loopholes for defense, being used as a fort or rallying-place, in case of sudden alarm.*
them
to
together.
They took such
going
one of the family and, taking hold of her hand, asking
her for her diamond ring, she having, while they were
there, slipped
it
from her finger and put
it
in
her bosom.
Here were born and reared the family of the

numbering one daughter and
lution.
five
proprietor,
She gave some reason that saved the

articles
ring.
Among
the
sons; several of the latter
taken by them were a pair of gold sleeve-buttons

to
serving as officers in the American army during the Revo-
belonging
grandfather, and
last
eight
hundred
dollars in
money.
At
they had grandfather taken into a room,
story
of the residence of Samuel
A portion of the same stone walls now form the lower Hand, Esq. A small
and, with a cord from his drum, fastening to a
beam above,
stream, flowing eastwardly into the Kinderhook creek, then

as
hung him by the neck but in jerking him the rope broke, and that saved
;
the chair from under

his
life.
now
crossed the road a few rods south of the house,
They then
spanned by a road bridge, beyond which and on the west

side of the road stood an
had him, with

the sentinels
all
the family, taken to the cellar of the house

in.
old-fashioned
Dutch barn, with
and locked them
While there they heard the tread of pa&sing the window of the cellar. Grand-
low projecting eaves."
father about this time, taking an iron bar, broke open the
door, ran up, and out the door to the road, found a
man
just then passing on horseback, caught hold of the bridle,
and inquired who he was.

"
He
found him
to
be a neigh-
bor; invited him to come in and see what had been done.
The
following morning, as the family gathered around
the breakfast-table, Kasparis

that they
Konyne
offered thanks to
God
The locality thus described was the scene of the murder Abraham Van Ness, the circumstances of which are related as follows, by Mr. Jesse Van Ness (now of Wisconsin), a grandson of John Van Ness, and consequently a nephew of the murdered Abraham " At the time Burgoyne was making his way south to form a junction with the British commander at New York, the Tories through the region of the Hudson river were colof
:
had
their barns
;
filled (it
being
fall,
or the fore-
lecting in squads to go north to join Burgoyne's army, one

lot
part of winter)
but, sad to say, shortly after, their barns
of
whom
was composed of men from the region south

[i.e.,
were burnt, with the contents.

its
The barn
built
by him
in
of grandfather's
John Van
Ness'],
and quite a number
stead
is still
standing upon the place
now occupied by
of them acquaintances of the family; a portion of them,
John W. Jenkins.
For
all
this
he never received any other
from the Kline Kill neighborhood, were the party that did
the robbing and killing.
It appears
'
compensation than the reward of having a clear consciousness of having served his country during the darkest days
as
have been
in-
formed by ray father and Uncle
Bot' (Bartholomew)
Van
of the Revolution.
"
Valkenburgh and an old gentleman who belonged

militia at the time,
late
to the
Among
those guilty of this but two were ever discov-
named John Sluyter
(a brother of the
ered, convicted,
in
and found
guilty.
Having a
flag of his
Dominie Sluyter, of Claverack)
that
sefcn
the
family of
their possession, they were

off
found guilty and hanged.

I,
sons of grandfather as well as himself were at work in the
Others not far
were suspected.
having had this

in
harvest at the time, and not having
any Tories
left
for
handed down, have watched the dealings of God

that the wicked shall not go unpunished.'
"
his
number of
north [that
a
days,
is,
it
was supposed that they had

s
for
the
providence, and think I see a confirmation of the truth

'
for
Burgoyne
army].
Uncle Abraham held
commission of some kind, and had been absent on duty
The
refer,
locality of the
above occurrences was
in to
the district
for
some
time,
and returned on furlough the day before he

and the family had barely
(now town) of Claverack.

and
in
The other event
which we
was
killed,
and was resting on the day of his death, when

w;is attacked,
which the Tory perpetrators met a similar
suddenly the house
swift punishment, was the
murder of Abraham Van Ness,
time to close and fasten the doors, yet the doors were broken
an officer in the Revolution, in August, 1777.
The
fol-
open with axes,
etc.
The
Tories having entered the house.
lowing description of the locality

occurred
is
in
which the tragedy
Uncle Abraham
w;;s
taken by them, and after they had him
inserted at the request of two prominent gen-
a prisoner, they consulted as to what disposition they should
tlemen of the county
make of him
village of
some of the Tories were
for
taking
him
The highway leading from the present Bridge to Chatham Centre passes through
farms, which are
"
Maiden
along to Burgoyne's army, while others said that he was
a series of fertile
acquainted with them, and
if
he should escape he would

of,
washed on their eastern border by the
inform against them, and that he had better be disposed
Kinderhook
esque
"
creek, the surface sloping gently
upward from
and he was consequently shot.

"
the stream to the crowns of a range of uneven and picturhills.
Now
whether
to say,
this
is
wholly correct as to the details I

to
am
a mile
unable
but that he was a martyr
the cause of
On
the cast side of this road, and at the distance of a
liberty is undeniable,
and that seven of that same band of

the
little
more than
from the village of Maiden, stood
Tories were executed, near Albany, for that and other acts of a like nature
old gentleman,
is
in
the year 1777 the homestead of
John Van Ness, the
quite certain
and
in that connection,
pioneer of the
wife,
Chatham family of
that name,
who with
title
his
set-
John Sluyter, was one of the guard around

it
Jane Van Alon, removed from Kinderhook and

about the year 1749, when he acquired
the gallows, and witnessed the execution, as I had
from
tled there
to
what
site
is
now divided
villaire
3 Probably one of the strong houses built or put in defensible condition during tbo time of the Indian alarms.
into several farms, including also the
The Pcckbam house,
of the
of Maiden Bridyre, and extendin'r from
near Chatham Centre, was another of the fortresses.
"
NEW

his
YORK.
31
own
lips,
and the old veteran would shed tears profusely
the war (excepting the company of Captain John

stry), but
it is
McKinand
while relating the killing of uncle and of the execution,

the latter part would arouse the old man, and he seemed to
feel
all
'
probable that they saw service of some kind,
either in the field or at
home,
in the equally necessary
the
ardor of his youth returning at the
recital. fre-
scarcely less arduous duty of controlling the troublesome
Uncle
Bot'
(Bartholomew) Van Valkenburgh has
and dangerous Tories.

cers
We
therefore give the
list
of
offi-
quently told
me
of the circumstances, and
how himself
made
and men of the different companies, except that of

roll
and his brother, the father of John J. Van Valkenburgh,*
Captain Casparus Conyn, the
of which
is
not found
was
called
and
laid
out the body of Uncle Abraliam,
with the others, which are in the possession of Mr. Tobias

Esselstyn, of Claverack.
nies was as follows
a coflBn, and
how he was buried while

I.
the party was guarded
The composition of
the compa-
by armed men."
William
Van
Ness, brother of Jesse, and

to
now a
"
resi-
dent of Northampton Co., Va., adds

ing the murder of his uncle
the above, concernas
CAPTAIN STEPHEN HOGEBOOM'S COMPANY.

Captain, Stephen Hogeboom.
First lieutenant, Cornelius S. Muller.
Abraham,
follows
The
active company, at the time of
my
;
uncle Abraham's death,

lieutenant,
had
for captain
for ensign,
my
uncle David
Uncle John
Burgoyne.
Second lieutenant, Jogbam Muller. Third lieutenant, Peter Hogeboom.
and
"
Uncle Abraham.
The company, with David
as captain,
was
at Saratoga at the surrender of
The
Tories at that time considered the rebels as outlaws,
Matthew Scott. John Juriah Van Hocsen, Peter Smith, John Nup, Nathaniel Kinney.
Clerk,
Sergeants,
Esselstyn,
Juriah
Corporals,
Broar Janae Dackcr,
Ament
Ostrander,
John Van
and organized bands to rob and to arrest any active Revolutionist. Whole neighborhoods of patriots would join to
work,
first
Hoesen.
this
and then that man's

left
field,
while a small
grandfather's
guard would be
at
their houses.
My
Drummer, Jonathan Pitcher. Privates. Abraham Vosburgh, Derrick Muller, Jacob Philip, Jr., Wm. Michel, Samuel HoUinback, John Harder, Hendrick Row, John
Morris, Jeremiah (Jobs.) Muller, Johannes Muller, Robard Halin-
family were particularly marked for their disloyalty, and
back, Peter Harder, Joseph Egelston, Jacob Bout,

graft, Jr.,
Jr.,
Thomas Be-
one of these bands of Tories (I think eleven of them)

watching their chance,
grandfather and Uncle
fell
upon the
hou.se
when only my
Grand-
Jacob Hardoek, Jacob F. Hardock, Derrick Van Derker, William Rees, John Hardock, Derrick Van Hoesen, William Garner,
Abraham were on
guard.
father at the time was at the barn.
Resistance was useless.

to tie
They took my uncle
out-doors,
fired
and were about
him.
He
by
broke away, but was
on by the whole partyf while

fell,
on the bridge, between the house and barn, and

several balls.
pierced
Grandfather from the barn and grandhouse saw their son

left.
fall.
motlier from the
The
Tories
hurriedly plundered the house and

"
Johannes Skinkle, Jacob Skinkle, Jeremiah Delamater, John Nuttingham, Maties Hollenback, Carilon Stolp, .Jr., Jacob Anderson, Peter Bout, Jacob Van Hoesen, Jan J. \'-an Hoesen, Peter Smith, Matthew Crum, James Parker, Andrus Ostrander, Hendrick Ostrander, Jacob Risedorf, Peter Muller, Jacob Hogeboom, Abraham Hardock, Samuel Pratt, William Cadtnan, Jerome Groat, Derrick (John) Muller, Peter (Jonas) Muller, John Halinback, Jj>hunncs Smith, Guisbert Turner, Coanrat Shults, Samuel Church, Henry Selsberg, John Selsberg, Maties Bout, William Bout, John Warn, Garret Van Hoesen, Jonathan Rees, Daniel Adams.
Now
comes
in a little scrap in
I got just fifty years ago.
CAPTAIN JAMES SPENCER'S COMPANY.

Captain, James Spencer.
Lieutenants, Roger Kinne, Jonathan Dean.
While yet an apprentice

have
lost his
Troy, I was sent down to the
nail-factory to collect a bill
from an old man (I regret
name).
On
giving"him
my name
he asked
my
Ensign, Stephen Graves.

Clerk,
genealogy.
When
I told
him, he at once brightened up
Sergeants,
Truman Powell. Amos Lawrence, Jonah
Graves, Judah Lawrence, Jacob
to tell one of the descendants of that awful time
and scene.
said,
'
Foord.
Corporals, Daniel Bowers, Jonathan Sheppard, Elcazer Spencer, David Pratt. Drummer, Samuel Foot. Pkiv.\tes. Simeon Rowley, Israel Woolsey, Boslion Rosman, John Roamau, Benjamin Allen, Silas Palmer, Eli Reynolds, Eli Reynolds, Jr., David Preston, John Preston, Elihu Lawrence, Ebenezcr Soles, Benjamin Richmond, Stephen Richmond, Abel Kidder, Ephraim Kidder, Abraham Chase, Abraham Freese, Harmonous Flock, Moses Spencer, David Spencer, Phineas Spencer, Samuel Spencer, Stephen Kline, Abner Johnson, Eliphas Spencer, Daniel Lee, Roswell Lee, Amaziah Phillips, Richard Phillips, Benjamin Hawley, Israel Holdridge, Daniel Stuart, Matthias Spencer, Eliakim Nichols, James Wallen,
He
was one of the neighbors
in the field.
He
We
got the alarm, and in three hours we had thirty
men
after
them. Your grandfather knew them (or most of them), and thcU very niglu we had three of them hanging on trees, and the next day we caught more. We did not stop to try
them.
''
Most of them were hung near Albany.'
I have told you before that
my grandfather
was too
old
to take the field.
He
had been an active scout
in the old
French war, some of his exploits furnishing Cooper whole

scenes in his
'
Last of the Mohicans.'

to
is
Immediately prior
there existed in what
the
opening of the Revolution

the county of Columbia an
field-officers
now
organized "regiment of foot," of which the
were Jeremiah Hogeboom, colonel

sen,
;
Johannes Van Hoe-
lieutenant-colonel and Jacobus Delamater, major. Solomon Strong was adjutant, and Caspar Huyck quarter-
John Sledman, Charles Davenport, Ezekiel Palmer. Stephen Palmer, Gains Dean, Jonathan Chamberlin, Reuben Wetmore, Elisha Chamberlin, John Taylor, Benjamin Chittenden, Caleb Brainard, Hezekiah Doolittle. Jeriah Williams, Elisha Chadduck, Joel Lee, Samuel Dart, Samuel Curtis, Return Holcom, Stephen Holcom, Ebenezer Ilolcom, Ashbell Goff, Michel Wilson, David Auger, Zebulon Alger, Samuel
Williams, Matthew Hatch, Ebenezer Andrews, Allen Graves, Increase Graves, Joseph Moot, Joseph Tillotson, Asa Spencer, Ebenezer Tyler,
master.
We
J.
do not know what service they performed

is still
in
John
Van Vulkenburgh
living in
Chatham,
at the age
of ninety-six years. t It will be noticed that this account of the liilling differs slightly
but immaterially from that given by Mr. Jesso
Van
Ness.
John Ward, James Hymes, James Andrus, Stephen Chnpinan, James Acklcy, Christopher Brazcc, Jr., Gabriel Brazce, Wilson Brazec, Lawrence Brazce, Aaron Taylor, Thomas Jostlin, Beriah Thomas, Timothy Spalding, Ichabod Squire, Ichabod Squire, Jr., Bartholomew Barret, Daniel Mcssinger, Andrew Mcssinger, Roderick Messinger, Asel Drake, Aacl Drake, Jr., Charles Blum, Nicholas Root, David
32
HutchiDSon, Samuel Hutchinson,

Ludlow Owen, Abraham
Bliss,
NEW
YORK.
Demmens, Wm. Semon. Henry Semon, Embrigh, John Dûimcns. Peter Stover.
liam Dierik, John Loot, Elisha
Dominy McCollaDy,
Miles Griswold, Elijah Stosson, Richard Soper,
Jeremiah
C. Muller, Jerry
Benjamin Bankson, Amos Carver, Lonson Saxton, Ebenezer Saxton, William Saxton, Andrew Quick, Jeremiah Reynolds, Thomas Brown, Jonathan Welch, Barnabas Brunson, William Shapley, Cornelius Fuller, Ichabod Squire, Seth Scudder, Joseph Rodman, John Scudder, Moses Root, Edward Cadmond, Asa Chaddock, John Rolin, Thomas Clark. Ephraim Wright, Benjamin Kellogg, Silas Doty, Jediah Graves, Daniel Taylor, Ephraim Leach, Abraham Bliss, Levi Phelps, Amaziah Carver, Joseph Andrus, Oliver Goff, Zephaniah Holcomb, Abel Wright, Abijah Ford, Barnabas Kinne, Amoa Story, Benjamin Valentine, William Chamberlin, John Wright, John Wright, Jr., Nathaniel Cross, Jabez Spencer, Joel Pratt, John Griswold, Benjamin Ford, Simeon Dudley, Peter Dinne, Aaron Day, David Day, Caleb Ede, Jonah Phelps, Peter Hizer, Abraham Peutt, Coonrad Kossmun.
CAPTAIN THOMAS STORM'S COMPANY.

Captain,
Thomas Storm.
First lieutenant, Peter Loop. Second lieutenant, Isaac J. Vosburgh.
Ensign, Isaac Spoor.

Sergeants,
Gershom
Darling,
Robert
Rorabagh,
Bartholomew
Heath, Samuel Coon.

Corporals, Nathaniel Frisly,
Andrew
Cool,
Thomas Robbins, An-
drew Schermerborn. Clerk, Evert Hcermance.
Drummer, Daniel
Privates.
Kelley.
CAPTAIN JOHANNES PLASS' COMPANY

Captain, Johannes Plass.
First lieutenant, Derick Delamater.
Gilbert Turner, Barent Van Deusen, Jacob Heermance, Ebenezer Culver, Peter Vosburgh, Peter R. Ludlow, John Hagermao, Charles Boice, Isaac Chase, George Kilmer, Henry Kilmer, Jonathan Rudd, Henry Chrisler, J.c^hn Loop, William Luycks, NichJr.,
olas
Luycks, John Rorab.igh, Peter Sisson, William Moor, Henry Rorabagh, Anthony Bever, Dirck Miller, Jr., William Miller, Jr.,
Grimes,
Jr.,
Second lieutennnt, William Holinbock. Ensign, Jacob Carter.

Clerk, Peter A. Fonda.
Sergeants, Thoa. Everts,

Corporals,
Tobias Bout, Johannis (Jac.)
Abraham Van Hoesen, Jacob Hallenback. Van Hoesen, Joshua
Philip Burch, John Smith, John White, William John White, Jr., Peter White, Israel Walker, Andrew Samuel Warner, John Warner, Richard Warner, Gideon Walker, Nicholas Shcrts, Aaron Pixley, Jacob Darling, Abram Rees,
Isaac
White,
Brasie,
Broeks.
Philip Rees, Ephraim Witbeck, Cornelius Witbeck, Henry Witbeck, John Ronie, Elisha Pixley, George Alsburg, Gilbert Decker, Jan
PitivATES. Lukes Wilback, Thomas Wilback, Hendrick Rees, Jr., Adam Hydorn, Conrot Hydorn, Johannes Van Duesen, Gloudey Van
Duesen, Gloudey Delamater, Jr., Donwe Fonda, Nicholas Nichols^ Jonathan Begraft, Johannes G, Van Hoesen, Thomos Carter, Thomas
Hallenbeck, Michael Hallenbeck, William Hallenbeck, Samuel llallenbeck, Nicholas Hallenbeck, Clark Pixley, Thomas Rorabagh, Joseph Boice, Michael Ray, Henry Cline, George Sisson, John McFarling, Jouah Pixley, Cornelius H. Brent, Cornelius McCarter, Joseph Morehouse.
George Harder, George Dacker, Jr., Henry Dacker, Johanyost Celder, Hendrick Colder, Jr., J'rederick Bleaing, Samuel Ekrns, Moses Ekens, Patrick Cranhyt,
Hoes,
Rees, Simon
Michel
Harder,
Jr.,
CAPTAIN WILLIAM VAN ALSTYN'S COMPANY.

Captain, William
First lieutenant,
Hendrick Halinback, William Halinback, Corneloua (Jac.) Van Hoesen, Jacob Van Hoesen (the 3d), Garret Van Hoesen, Jr., Peter Van Hoesen, Jr., Levy Padock, Matthew Everts, Jonas Rees, Adam Kook, John Hardick, Jr., Myndert Bent, Jogham Plass, Andries Halinback, Jacob Harder, Jr., Jonathan W. Keep, Nicholaus Marris, William Calder, John McDonald, William Begraft. Jonathan Rees, Hendrick Wilback, Jr., Joshua Broeks, Jr., Samuel (Jon.) Ten Broeck, William Schermerborn, Yoron Halinbeck, Jacob Bona, Andrew Halinback, Benjamin Frear, Abraham Frear, Peter Frcar, Aaron Beach, Ayer Curtis, John Speer, Oliver Cool, Ohradirtck Cool, Award Patterson, John Vaughn, Richard Vaughn, John Steward, Robard Farnsworth, Joshua Kellogg, Eldert Kellogg, Oliver Taylor, John Cleveland, Isaac Ward, Elisha Ward, Ephraim Brunsen, Thomas Hatch, Lemuel Hill, William Tuknea.
Van Alstyn.
John Upham. Second lieutenant, Jeremiah Miller.

Ensign, A. B. Bacon.
Clerk, Tobias Legget.
Sergeants, Peter
Van Valkenburg, Frederick Moul,
Roeloff
Vun De
Wood.
Karr, Lawrence Hogeboom.

Corporals, Jacob Philip, Peter Dingman, Jurrien Yator, AVm.
Drummer, Michael Lusk.

Privates. William Martin, Hendrick Van De Karr, Arent Van De Karr, Ezekiel Benewie, Peter Helm, Hendrick Shever, Johannes Van De Karr, Derick Van De Karr, Johannes. Van De Karr, Jr., Feyt Miesick, Johannea Mieaick, Thomas Miesick, Hendrick Miesick,
CAPTAIN RICHARD ESSELSTYN'S COMPANY.

Captain, Richard Ksselstyn.*
First lieutenant,
David Bonesteel.
Second lieutenant, William Philip. Clerk, Claude Delamater.

Sergeants,
Bortle.
Simon Shutts, Henry
Stover,
Simon New, John
P.
Johannes Miesick, Jr., .Tacob Vosburgh, Martin Vosburgh, Peter Vosburgh, Jacobus Legget, Jonathan Smith, J. A. Smith, Johannes Dingman, Hendrick Skinkle, Jacob Diagman, Andries Dingman, Jurrien Van Valkenburgh, Hans Van Valkenburgh, Wilmelmus Philip, Charles Smith, Johannes Traver, Jacob Cole, Cornelius Hogeboom, Lawrence Scherp, Peter Scherp, Andries Witbeck, Peter Conyn, Benjamin Newkirk, Johannes Hogeboom, Barent Waeger, David Saeger, Michael Saeger, Johannea Foos, Nicholas Groat, Jerome Groat, Jacobus Groat, John Mandigo, John Rossman, David Foot,
Michael Foot, Frederick Martin.
'
Corporala, William Alsworth, Dirck Smith, Benjamin Beach, Conrat Ree.
Drummer, Martin Ree. Privates. Andrew Miller, William Muller, Jacob Muller, Samuel Miller, John Miller, Adam Wagoner, John Esselstyn, Jacob Houghtaling, Abraham Esselstyn, Thomas Whiting, John Coons, George
LIEUTENANT HENDRICK VAN HOESEN'S COMPANY.

First lieutenant, Hendrick Van Hoesen. Second lieutenant, Francis Hardick, Jr. Ensign, Samuel Ten Broeck.
Finkle, Jr., William Clapper, Martin Houghtaling, Frederick Helle-
Sergeants, Garret
Van Hoesen, Abraham
E.
Van
Alen, Justus
Van
John Hellekas, Martin Van Deusen, Abram Van Deusen, Harmon Rodman, Frederick Bonesteel, Hendrick Kelder, Thomas Kelder, Henry Proper, Carlogh Stolp, Jr., Peter Stufflebeen, Henry Stufflebeen, William Philip, Jr., Peter Stolp, Andrew Bamhover, Barent Lyck, Abram Houghtaling, Jacob Semon, Jeremiah Smith, Martin Crom, Frederick Fell, Conrat Schout, George Philip, ^Jacob Shufelt, H. William Shufelt, Peter Shufelt, John Thurtin, Jacob Deney, Nicholas Deney, George Hener, Christian Roe, Henry Hener, Peter Hener, Peter Bortle, Jacob Best, Henry Bonesteel, Wilkas,
Hoesen, Justus Folkhamer.

PiiivATES.
Jacobs, William
Garret
Hardick, Justus Hardick, Leonard Hardick,
Jonathan Hardick, John Hardick, Jacob F. Van Hoesen, Daniel Young, Jacob Hardick, Jr., Peter Becker, Cornelius Becker, Peter Hardick, John Nicholas Van Hoesen, William Van Hoesen, Cornelius
Jr., Jacob John Van Hoesen, John Jacob Van Hoesen, John Becker, John Johannes Van Deusen. Isaac Morey, John Hardick, Jr., David Williams, Abel Brockway, Lucas Salsbury, Nicholas Van Hoesen, Benjamin Harder, William Cockreo, Alexander Patterson. Timothy Allen, Robert Coventry, John Holmes, John Van Salsburgh, Mathias Hoes, Michael Harder, Jr., Peter Harder, John Folkhamer, Andrew Bowman, Johannes Smith, Peter Smith, Johannes
Van Hoesen,
* Promoted afterwards
to
major.
See fac-simile of his major's
commission; on qppQsite page.
^^k '^
M
^.
r^.1
1 14:
i^-^^^jJ

Peter Smith, Hendrick Dingman, Andreas Diogman, Adolpbas Dingman, Tunis Smith, Thomas Patrick, Johannes Miller, Jr., Abraham A. Van Alen, Jacob L. Winegart, Killian Van Rensselaer, Peter Van Rensselaer, John Miller, William Henry Ludlow, Henry H. Ludlowi Leonard Ten Broek, Christopher Witmore, Jeremiah Adam Smith, Johannes Dtngman, Cornelius Fonda.
NEW
YORK.
33
Kinion, Elijah Hatch, Asa Crawfoot, James H.atch, Abel Buck, John
Blair, Francis Basherow, Zachariab
Newton, David Fletcher, James
Russ, David Shepherd, David Webb. Morris Roach, Benjamin Wig-
Joseph Robbins, Michael Willson, William Brisie, Solomon Alexander, Daniel Pathin, Benjamin Graves, John Bentley, William
gins,
F. Jcrts, Jonathan Tillison, Daniel Gray,

try,
John
Scott,
James Coven-
Joseph
Hollister, Daniel Avery,
Amos Pennoyer.
in
CAPTAIN JEREMIAH
Capta.in,
C.
MILLER'S COMPANY.
Capt.
McKinstry
also served
the campaign on the
Jeremiah C. Miller. First lieutenant, William Van Ness. Second lieutenant, Hendrick Miller.
Clerk, Christophel Miller.
Mohawk, under
erack.
Colonel Robert
Van
Rensselaer, of Clav-
During
this service, while the
command was marchto re-
ing to the relief of Fort Brown, which wa-s invested and

in
Edmunds. Privates. Peter Wisner, Peter Groat, David HofiFman, Darby Nunan, Hendrick Mitsick, Jr., William Miokle, Adam Herder, Luke Bowman, Stephen C. Miller, Jr., Jacob Harder, Brower Docker, Hendrick Graat, Christian Haver, Christian Haver, Jr., Nicholas Stupplebeem, John Jerry Covel, Nicholas Simon, Wynaart Mantle, Johannes Holsapple, Johannes Moul, Cornelius J. Miller, Hendrick Philip, Peter Philip, Felta Stopplebeem, Helmas Ostrander, Jacob Conklin, John Rowe, Frederick Lant, George Lant, Bartholomew Van Valkenburgh, John C. Ten Broek, Philip Holsapple, Justus Brookway, Derick Russell, Abram I. Van Valkenburgh, Lawrence Lant, Jeremiah Lant, Mathias Embrigh, Francis Embrigh, Adam Embrigh, Hendrick Snyder, George Embrigh, John P. Van Salisbergh, John Scott, Jr., Stephen S. Miller, Jeremiah Miller, George Cadman, Isaac Lanfear, Christopher Garneright, Leonard Van Hoesen, Nicholas Miller, William Holsapple, John G. Vought, Jacob Sharp, Godfrey Schoomaker, Urquehel Hyser, Alexander McLean, William Rowe, John Conklin.
Sergeants, David Brewer, Hendrick Sholts, John
most imminent danger, the captain took occasion
monstrate with Colonel
Van
Rensselaer, on account of the
very slow progress which they were making, assuring
him
that the people at the fort would be overpowered and mas-
sacred if they did not reach them soon, and that they were
wasting time which was of priceless value.
The
colonel,
instead of heeding McKinstry's protest, deliberately gave
the order to halt for dinner, upon which the brave captain
passionately broke
liis
sword before the
colonel's eyes, saying
that under such a
commander he had no need of a weapon.

this insubordination
and
Whether he was placed in arrest for in.sult or not we have no account.
Below is given a copy of the " Declaration of the officers of the Regiment of Hillsdale," dated " Claverack District,
County of Albany, November 17, 1775," with the names
of
"
officers
Another of the companies

inanded by Capt. John
fought bravely at the
in
this
regiment was com-
of six companies, as follows
McKinstry, of Livingston, who

battle of
the Cedars, on the St.
We,
the subscribers, the officers of the Ninth regiment, in the
county of Albany and Colony of
New
York, do hereby promise and
Lawrence
river,
May
19, 1776, on
which occasion he
Capt.
wa.s
Engage, under
try, that
all
the ties of religion, honor,
and regard
to
our Coun-
captured by the Indians under the famous Thayendanega,

or Captain Brant.
we
will respectively
all
duly observe and carry into Execution to
The Indians having taken
Mc-
the utmost of our power
and every
;
the orders, Rules,
and recom-
Kinstry, were preparing to murder him by torture, when,
mendations made, or
to be
Congress or Convention of this Colony

for the
made, by the Continental Congress and the that we will also give, in our
in the
having heard that Brant was a Freemason, he bethougiit

himself to give the hailing signal of distress, which the
red chieftain recognized, and at once saved and liberated
respective ranks, due obedience to the regulations by them established
forming of the militia
Colony, as also due obedience to
such
in
officers
who
either by rank or Superiority are placed above us,

is
the captive.
From
that time Brant and Capt.

life.
McKinstry
whenever
such order as
directed by the said Continental or Provincial
were
fast friends
during
It
is
related that
a.s
Congress. " Colonell, Peter
Van
Ness.
afterwards the former came as near

failed to visit the
Albany, he never
in
man whose
life
he had saved, and that
" Lieutenant. Colonell, Stephen Hogeboom. " First Majop, Jacob Ford.
" Second Major, David Pratt.
''
1805
he, with Capt. (then Colonel)

in
McKinstry,
visited the
re-
Adjutant, Bartholomew Heath.

1st
Masonic lodge
ceived,
Hudson, where he was handsomely

curiosity.
"Captain
Company, Philip
Bartle.
and was an object of great

following
is
The
an abstract of the commissioned and
"First Lieutenant, Cornelius Hogeboom. " Second Lieutenant, Ellas Delong.

" Ensigns, Ray Francis Delong, Oct. 20, 1776. "Second Lieutenant, Benjamin Allen, Jan. 24, 1777. "Captain 2d Company, Ithamar Spencer. " First Lieutenant, Abner Hanley. "Second Lieutenant, Jonathan Pitcher, Oct. 20, 1776. " Ensign, Amaziah Phillips. "Captain 3d Company, Jonah Graves.
;
non-commissioned
officers
and
soldiers belonging to Capt.
John McKinstry's company in the Fifteenth Regiment, commanded by Col. John Patterson, for the month of September, 1776, which
the
is
undoubtedly nearly identical with

at the Cedars, viz.
company which he commanded

Thomas McKinstry.
Captain, John McKinstry.

First lieutenant,
"First Lieutenant, Charles McArthur. "Second Lieutenant, William Fickner.
Second lieutenant, John Pennoyer. Ensign, Gerard Fitch.

Sergeants, William Cheney, William Pike, Othniel Phelps, Jesse
Hollisler,
"Ensign, Stephen Graves, Oct. 2B, 1776. "Captain Jth Company, Bartholomew Barrett, Oct. "First Lieutenant, Abner Kellogg, Oct. 21, 1776.
21, 1776.
William Roberts.
Corporals, Prosper Polley,
John Brown, Samuel Utley, William
Roberts, Joel Phelps.
Drummer, Abraham Ackley. Privatks. Joel Phelps, Isaac Welch, Matthew Hatch, Jonathan Dunham, Stephen Gregory, John Spencer, Mabra Evins, William
"Second Lieutenant, Daniel Boons, Oct. 21, 1776. "Ehsign, Roswell Leo, Oct. 21, 1776. " Captain 5th Company, Jonathan Bixby, Dec. 2, 1776. "First Lieutenant, Abel Whalen, Dec. 2, 1776. "Second Lieutenant, Joseph Heath, Dec. 2, 1776.
"Ensign, Abram Bliss, Oct. 20, 1776. "Captain 6tb Company, Nathaniel House, Dec. 10, 1776. "First Lieutenant, Joshua Whitney, Doc. 10, 1776. "Second Lieutenant, David McKinstry, Jan. 24, 1777. " Ensign, Jobannis J. Van Valkenburgh."
Bennett, David
Forbes, Malaohi
Gates, Michael
Murray, Samuel
Horsford, William Hatch, Isaac Doty, John Stewart, John Limmon, John Connolly, Isainh Jurdin, Oliver Fletcher, Elihu Parker, Daniel Wilier, Josiah Cleveland, Charles Sheffield, David Hunt, Thomas
34

The
later
NEW YORK.
dates set against the

to the belief that
names of some of the
officers lead
the regiment was not com-
the American
The most prominent officer from this county who served in army during the Revolution was Gen. Henry
His
first
pleted and organized until the

told
in a general
it is
autumn of 1776.
in
We
are
B. Livingston.
notable service in that war was at
way
that thej served
the
Mohawk
at
the storming of Quebec, in December, 1775, where he led an

assaulting column against the defenses of the upper town.
country, but
least
believed that a part of the

at Saratoga.
command
full
was with Gates' army

in the service in
company
As
lieutenant-colonel he
commanded
a regiment in the battle
was
1777 under Capt. Tiel Rockefeller, of

a
of Stillwater, in 1777, and was present at the surrender of
Germantown, and
also
company of nine months' men
Burgoyne.
He commanded
at Verplanck's Point at the
under Capt. Lothrop Allen.

Dr. Moses Younglove, then of the eastern part of the
county, but afterwards of the city of Hudson, was
service as brigade-surgeon under General
in
time of Andre's capture and Arnold's escape, in 1780.
but a single light piece
With
a four-pounder
he
audaciously
the
engaged the British frigate " Vulture," and this he did with
so
Herkimer
in the
much
vigor and effect that but for the setting

it
in
of the
Mohawk
valley,
and was present
at the battle
of Oriskany,
flood-tide the ship
where he was made prisoner by an Indian, and received

harsh usage during his captivity, as appears from an
affi-
ade,
must have sunk. As by alarming and delaying Andre, led

Washington
was, the cannon-
to his
capture and
oc-
saved West Point.

casion Gen.
Speaking of his conduct upon that

said to him, " It
is
made by him some months later before county committee, John Barclay, chairman,
davit
the
Albany
which
a great source
in
of gratification to
officer so
me
that the post
was
in the
hands of an
he deposed and
militia,
said,
" that
being in the battle of said

last
devoted as yourself to the cause of your country."
above Oriskany, on the 6th of August
(1777),
And
says Lossing, " Washington's confidence was not mis-
toward the close of said battle he surrendered himself a

prisoner to a savage,
placed, for there
was not
a purer patriot in that
war than
who immediately gave him up
to
Henry B. Livingston."
at the close of the war, in
He
was made a brigadier-general

retired to his
John Johnson's regiment; soon after which department came up in company with several other Tories, when said Mr. Grinnis by name drew his tomahawk at this deponent, and with a deal of
sergeant of Sir
a lieutenant in the Indian
and afterwards
in
home
Columbia county, where he died
1831.
persuasion was hardly prevailed on to save his
life.
He
;
then plundered him of his watch, buckles, spurs,

other Tories following his example stripped
etc.
and
him almost
this de-
CHAPTER VL
CIVIL HISTORY.
Formatioo of Districts
naked, with a great
many
threats while they were stripping,

side.
and mossacreing prisoners on every

ponent, on
That
being brought
before
Mr. Butler, Senr., who
demanded of him what he was

and Nature gave him, and
connections
to
fighting for, to which this
Erection
first
and Subdivision of the County.
deponent answered, 'he fought for the liberty that
God
Civil government was

the State of
introduced into what

in
is
now
defend himself and dearest
New York
from the Dutch Republic
1621.
from
'
the
massacre of savages.'
To which
and so
encouraging
Soon
after the discovery of the "
Great River of the Moun-
Butler replied,
You
are a
damned impudent
the
savages,
rebel,'
tains" by
Hudson, trading
vessels
were dispatched
to
the
saying, immediately
turned to
if
new
land,
whose enterprising skippers established tradingof the country, and the name of
them
to kill him,
and
they did not the deponent and the
posts along the river, and shortly afterwards the States-General took formal possession
other prisoners should be hanged on a gallows then preparing.
That
several prisoners were then
taken forward
toward the enemy's headquarters, with frequent scenes of

horror and massacre,
savages.
. . .
in
which Tories were active

considerable
as well as
New Netherlands was given to the territory lying between New France and Virginia. On the 11th of October, 1614, a large commercial company, similar to
its
That the prisoners who were not delivered

in
prototype, the
Dutch East India Com-
numbers from day to day round the camp, some of them so nigh that their That Capt. Martin, of the bateauxshrieks were heard.
men, was delivered
to the
up were murdered
pany, was formed and chartered by the Dutch States-General, styled
the "
New
Netherland Company," for trading

possessions
in
purposes with
the
Dutch
America.
its
The
Indians at Oswego, on pretence
charter was to expire in three years from

profitable were the operations of the tion of their charter, that
its
date, but so
at the expira-
of his having kept back some useful intelligence.
That
this
company
deponent during his imprisonment, and his fellows, were kept

almost starved for provisions; and what they drew were uf
the worst kind, such as spoiled flour, biscuit
aiid
full
wealth and consequent influence
were such as to enable and procure a

still
it
to continue its
liberal
monopoly of
trade,
of maggots
more
charter for a
much more
in-
mouldy, and
;
no
soap allowed or other method of

insulted,
extensive company.
In 1821 a second company was
keeping clean
and were
struck,
etc.,
without
corporated and chartered, under the
name of
the "
Dutch
mercy by the guards, without any provocation given.

this
That
West India Company."

in the selfish
It
was a vast monopoly, founded

and con-
deponent was informed by several sergeants orderly on

St.
interests alone of trade, protracted

its
Gen.
Leger that twenty doUai-s were offered

Dr.
in general
centrated even by the very limitation of
existence,
which
orders for every American scalp."
Younglove died
the
was
to
continue for a period of twenty-two years.

the 12th day of
Jan. 31, 1829, at the age of seventy-seven years, and his

ashes
lie
beneath a handsome
monument
in
Hudson
England,
cemetery.
May, 1664, Charles II., King of Dutch claim to the " New Netherlands," granted to his brother James, Duke of York
disregarding
the
On

and Albany,
son's river,
'
NEW
YORK.
35
all
Mattawacks (now Long Island),
all
Hud-
was passed enacting that " the manor of Livingston

be and forever remain annexed
to the
shall
all
the lands from the west side of the Connec-
Countie of Albanie,
ticut river to the east side of
Delaware bay, together with
and be accounted
as Part,
Parcel,
and Member thereof, end and terminate
the royalties and rights of government."
which bounds of the said Manor
shall
To
enforce this claim. Colonel Richard NicoUs was sent
the Countie of Albanie on the East side of Hudson's River,

as the Sawyer's Creek doth terminate the
with a force naval and military, and Petrus Stuyvesant, the
same on the west
Dutch governor, surrendered the
forts
and government of
by
and
side thereof"
the colony, stipulating for the retention of the rights of the
By
an act passed March 24, 1772, the territory now

w.is
West India Company

grantees.
in the lands then held
it
its
Columbia county
follows, viz.
divided and formed into districts as
In 1667, by the treaty of Breda, between Eng-
land and Holland, the possession of the country was guaranteed to the
Duke
of York by the States-General.
the exception of a brief interval in
With 1673-74, when the

I
"All that part of the county of Albany north of the county of Dutohcsa and south of the bounds of Claverack, continued to the easternmost extent of this Colony and to the eastward of Hudson's
River, shall be called and
Dutch gained a temporary supremacy, the colony or province remained under the English rule until the war of
known
as the District of the
Manor
of Liv-
he
ingston ;" and " All that part which

to the
lies to
the eastward of Kioderhook District,
American Revolution, when the prerogative of the king

gave way to the constitution of a sovereign
state,
north of Claverack District, and to the west of the east bounds
under
of this Colony, and to the south of an Bast line from Bearen Island,
which the people are supreme and the

ment.
sole source of govern-
Under the Dutch the only civil divisions were the city and In 1665 a district or shrievalty, called Yorkshire, was erected, comprising Long Island, Staten Island, and a
towns.
part of the present county of Westchester.
For
judicial
purposes
ridings.
it
was divided into the

first
east,
west,
and north
Counties were
erected by the Colonial As-
sembly, in November, 1683, and were twelve in number,

as follows
:
Albany, Cornwall, Dukes, " Dutchesses" Kings,
New
York, Orange, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk, Ulster,
and Westchester.
The county of Albany,

its
as then erected, contained within
boundaries the present area of Columbia, except such
and distinct district, and be henceforth called and known by the name of Kings District;" and "All that part of said county of Albany which is bounded on the south by the district of the Manor of Livingston, on the east by tho cast bounds of this Colony, on the west by Hudson's River, on the north by a Line beginning at the mouth of Major Abraham's Creek, and running thence up to the first falls, and from thence east as far as this Colony extends, shall be, and is hereby declared to be, one separate and distinct District, and the same shall be from henceforth called and known by the Niime of the District of Claverack ;" and "All that part of the said county of Albany which lies lo the northward of Claverack District, to the southward of an east line from Bearen Island in Hudson's River to the eastward of Hudson's Rtver, and to the west of a straight line drawn from a point in the said East line from Bearen Isl.-ind ten miles distant from Hudson's River, and continued due south till it strikes the north bounds of the District of Claverack, shall be one separate and distinct Dtdtrict, to be called and known by the name of the District of Kinderbouk."
shall be one separate
portion as lies south of Roeloff Jansen's Kill, which was
then a part of Dutchess county.
thus limited in the act of erection
The former county was " To conteyne the

:
Germantown was formed

Hillsdale was taken
into a district April 1, 1775.

a
district
from Claverack and made
towne of Albany, the colony of Rensselaerswyck, Schonectade,
and
all
the villages, neighborhoods, and Christian habit-
March 26, 1782. The city of Hudson was incorporated April

include
all
22, 1785, to
aeons on the east of Hudson's river from Roeliffe Jansen's

creek,
the territory embraced within the boundaries of
and on the west from the Sawyer's creek
Major Abraham's (Stoofeport) creek on the north, Claverack

to the Sar-
aaghtooga."
creek on the east, the north line of the district of the
The second Assembly, which met in 1 691 under authority

,
manor of Livingston on the

on the west.
south, and the
Hudson
river
of the new sovereigns,

legislation of the first
William and Mary, declared the

null
Assembly
The
districts
were
all
formed prior
to the organization
of
and void.* and prothat act of reorgan-
ceeded to reorganize the counties.

ization
By
Columbia county, which was erected

lature, passed April 4,
as such
:
by
act of Legis-
(passed Oct.
1,
1691) the county of Albany was
1876,f as follows
defined " to contain the

nectada, and
all
manor of Rensselaerswyck, Sche-
the Villages, Neighborhoods, and Christian
of Alhanij into two Coiiiilies. " Wftereas, the County of Albany is so Extensive as to be Inconvenient to its Inhabitants, therefore be it enacted by the People of
to divide ihe Counli/
"As
Act
Plantations on the east side of Hudson's River from Roeloff
the State of
is
New
York, represented
in
Senate and Assembly, and
it
Jansen's Creek, and on the west side from Sawyer's Creek

to the
outmost end of Sarughtoga."
Dutchess county was
hereby enacted by the Authority of the same, that that part of the County of Albany which lies on the East side of Hudson's River, on
Ihe .'iouth side of the North Line of Kindcrhook District, and on the South of the North Line of King's District, shall be one separate and Distinct County, and shall be called and known by the name of Co-
by the same
act described as extending "
from the Bounds
of the county
of Westchester on the south side of the

far
Highlands along the east side of Hudson's River as

as Roeloff Jansen's
lumbia: and be
said
it
further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the

shall hold
Creek, and eastward into the
Woods
County of Columbia
the
first
and enjoy
all
the Rights, Privi-
Twelve Miles."
This, so for as concerned the line between

county was defined
Dutchess and Albany, was but a re-establishment of the

original boundary.
Roeloff Jansen's creek continued to be the north bound-
day of April, 1709. the south boundary line of the to be "a due East line drawn from the South bank of the Sawyer's Kill, on the west side of Hudson's river, cunlinued due East till it meets with a line settled and established between
fOn
ary of Dutchess county until 1817,
when (May 27)
a law
as the mutual
Robert R. Livingston and Zachariah Hoftmaii, deceased, and others boundary so far as it respected them individually, then along the same as far as it runs, and thence on the same course
to
5'
Journal of Culuniul Assembly.
cunlinued
the southermost bend of Roeloff Jansen's Kill."
36
IcgeSj

and Immunities which appertain
be
it
NEW
YORK.
to
other Counties within this
Stockport, from Hudson, Ghent, and Stuyvesant, erected
State.
"And
further Enacted by the authority oforesaid, that (he

for the said
April 30, 1833.
Coart-House and Gaol

stands.
County of Columbia
shall be
Greenport, from Hudson, erected March 13, 1837.

Additional territory taken from Clermont was given to
erected at or near the place where the old church in Clnverack
now
Germantown, March
(Signed) " Pierre Van Cortla.ndt, Prea, Sen. " JOHS Lansi.vg, Jr., Speaker.
" Geo. Cli.ntox."
2,
1858.
The
ber,
original towns of
Columbia county, seven
in 7,
num1788
were erected as such by an act passed March

act as follows, viz.
CHAPTER
1751-1852.
VI
their territorial description and boundaries being established
THE MASSACHUSETTS BOUNDAHY AWTI-BENT

The
may
peculiar disturbances
in
by that
"
Columbia bounded westerly and northerly by the County of Albany, southerly by the north bounds of the city of Hudson as far as the first falls in Major Abraham's Creek, and from thence running east and easterly by a line running from a place in the north line of the county of Columbia ten miles distant from Hudson's Kiver, due south, until it strikes the said last line from the said Falls," to be the town of Kinderhuok and " All that part of the said county now called Kings District bounded westerly by Kinderhook, northerly by the County of Albany, easterly by the east bounds of the State, and southerly by the said east line from the first falls in Major Abraham's Creek aforesaid, continued to the east bounds of this State, shall be, and hereby is, erected into a town by the name of Canaan ;" and ' All that part bounded southerly by the Manor of Livingston, westerly by the city of Hudson, northerly by Kinderhook, and easterly by a line beginning at the southeast corner of Kinderhook, and running thence south fourteen degrees west to the Manor of Livingston," was established as the town of Clavorack and *'A1I that part of the said county bounded westerly by Claverack, northerly by Canaan, easterly by the east bounds of this State, and southerly by the Manor of Livingston and the north line thereof, continued to the east bounds of the State," was erected as Hillsdale; and
; ;
AU
that part of the County of
known
as anti-rent troubles
for a full
be said to have existed

final
Columbia county
for,
century before their
extinguishment,
although the
Itmg series of violent and unlawful acts which were com-
mitted in the vicinity of the eastern border, and which had their commencement about the year 1750, have been most frequently mentioned as growing out of the question
of the disputed boundary
Massachusetts, yet
it
line
between
New York
and
is
doubtful whether the controversy

less a
between the provinces was not
cause of than a con-
venient excuse for the lawlessness of those
who were
deter-
mined
to free
themselves from the burden of yearly rent to
the manors, particularly that of Livingston, which, as tliey

asserted,
owed
its
very existence to " falsehood and fraudu-
lent pretenses."
This question of boundary had been long held
in dispute.
By
the government of
New York
it
was maintained that

river,
their eastern limit
was the Connecticut
because " that
"
AU
that part of said county beginning on the south side of the
the Dutch claimed the colony of
New
Netherlandt as ex-
mouth of a certain river, commonly called Roeloff Jansen's Kill, and running thence along the south side of said river eastwardly until it
comes
to the Tract of
tending from Cape Cod to Cape Cornelius,
now
called
Cape
Henlopen, Westward of Delaware Bay along the Sea Coast,
Land
heretofore granted to Dirck Wessels,
and as
extend
;
far
back as any of the Rivers within these Liiuits
lying on both sides of said river, thence along the westerly, northerly,
and easterly bounds of the said tract until it again comes to the said river, and then along the south side of the said river, and then (by
various courses)
till
and that they were actually possessed of Connect-
icut River long before any other
European People knew

where they had a Fort
it
meets with the north
line of the
county of
anything of the Existence of such a River, and were not

only posisessed of the
Dutchess, and thence westerly along the Line of the said county of Dutchess to Hudson's River, and thence northerly up along said river
Mouth
of
it,
was erected as the town of Clermont, " except thereout the Tract of Country called the German, or East Camp ;" and " All that part of the said county known by the name of the German, or East Camp," was erected as Germantown. "And all the remaining Part of the said county of Columbia shall he and is hereby erected into a town by the name of Livingston."
to the place of beginning,"
and Garrison, but discovered the River above a hundred

miles up, had their People trading there, and purchased of
the Natives almost
all
the Lands on both sides of the said
River, and that the Dutch Governor Stuyvesant did in the
year 1664 surrender .all the Country which the Dutch did
then possess to King Charles the Second, and that*the

States-General
The other towns which
are at present
embraced
in the
made
a Cession thereof
by the Treaty of
county have been formed and erected as follows:
Breda
in the year
1667.
That the Dutch re-conquered

the Second, in 1673-74,
in
Chatham, formed from Canaan and Kinderhook, erected
part of this Province in 1673, and surrendered and absolutely yielded

it
March
17, 1795. 19,
to
King Charles
of York
Ancram, from Livingston, erected as Gallatin, Blarch 1803 name changed as at present March 25, 1814.
;
by the Treaty of London, and that

granted to the
1674 King Charles
Duke
all
the
Land between Con-
Taghkanic, from Livingston, erected as Granger, March

19,
necticut River and Delaware Bay."
1803
present
name adopted March

Chatham, and
Claverack,
25, 1814.
Hillsdale, erected
The Massachusetts government

and
in turn
scouted this argument,
Austeilitz, from Canaan,
claimed westward at least as far as the Hudson
March 28, 1818.

Ghent,
river,* although, as they said, they "
had
for a long
Time
from
Chatham,
and
Kinderhook,
erected April 3, 1818.
Hudson
sent
For the ulterior purpose of establishing their claims upon the the Boston government had, as early as 1659, made a grant
New
Lebanon, from Canaan, erected April 21, 1818. Stuyvesant, from Kinderhook, erected April 21, 1823.
Copake, from Taghkanic, erected March 26, 1824.
Gallatin, from
of land on the
Hudson river, below Fort Orange, and in 1672 they John Payne to New York to solicit permission to pass and re-
pass by water.
He was
received by the authorities with great con-
sideration and courtesy, and his request was referred to the king, but
Ancram, erected March 27, 1830.
was never granted.
HISTOEY OF COLUMBIA COUNXr.

neglected the settlement of the
NEW YORK.
1700
namely, a
of,
37
West Bounds, they
lying
gan and Treat in 1685, and confirmed by King William
very remote from Boston."
March
inquired, "
28, A.D.
line
running generally
The
council of
New York
By what Warrant
or Jurisdiction
parallel to,
It
and twenty miles east

the
fall
the
they Claim or Exercise any right To west of Connecticut River ?"

sachusetts, in a report
soil
was
in
of 1751 that the
first
The
general court of Mas-
turbance became manifest, in defiant

tenants on Livingston
Hudson river. symptoms of disthreats made by the
made
to
is
their governor,
September
Govern-
manor
against their landlord, Robert

first
11, 1753, retorted that "It
Demanded of
it
this
Livingston, Jr., grandson of the
proprietor.
Many
of
ment What Right we have
to Soil or Jurisdiction
West of
lately
these tenants had neglected to pay their rents, and

neglect
now
Connecticut River, Suggesting that
was but very
grew into
refusal,
open defiance, and an avowed
they knew we had any possessions West of that River

this proceeding of the
purpose to continue their occupation, not as tenants, but as

owners, under authority of grants to be secured from the
Gentlemen of
New York
appears
indeed extraordinary, as severall of our ancient and best
government of Massachusetts Bay.
Among
the earliest,
Towns Had been
settled
hundred Years, and the

"
West of this River about an Shire Town of Springfield near a
and at that time the principal, malcontents were Michael

Hallenbeck, a tenant upon the manor for thirty years, and
hundred and Twenty Years."
Josiah
Loomis, an ore-digger
at
the
iron mines,
and a
On
the
first
reading of the above paragraph," said the
tenant for twelve years under Livingston,
who now brought

warned Loomis
committee of the council of
New
York,
in a report
made
action of trespass against Hallenbeck, and

off his
November
16, 1753, " few of us doubted but that the Shire
manor.
of,
Whether
it
this action
of the proprietor was
Town
of Springfield had been situated on the west side of

Till
the cause
or was caused by, their rebellious conduct does resulted in their seeking protection
Connecticut river
we were informed
that
it
was on the
not clearly appear, but
East side of that

Represents
it
river,
and that Mr. Poplis' Large map
from the assumed authority of the adjoining province.
so,
which Information some of us doubts the

Difificulty
Not long
after Livingston received a letter
from a resident
Truth
of.
Because of the
of Reconciling
it
with
para-
of Sheffield, the tenor of which was as follows:

" March 24, 1752. " Sir, in consequence of an ordej* of a Committee of the Genernl Court of the Province of .Mnssachusetts Bay to lay out Equivalents in the Province land, I have begun on the East side of Tnckinick Barrick
what was Conceived the Obvious sense of the above

graph."
And
the committee proceeded to say that "
The
Massachusetts Government have been pleased to appoint a

time and place for the meeting of their Commissioners with
those of this province.
If they would have been pleased

this
to have Recollected that the Government of

is
Province
theirs is
to
the Province will assert their rights to said lands.
and laid out a large Farm which encompasses the Dwellings of Michael Ualknbeeck and Josiah Loomis, and you mny depend on it I have heard you
his Majesty's
it
Immediate Government, which
not,
would have been something more Decent
have
tulk'd of the affair with
have sued the one and threatened the other, which possibly may not turn out to your advantage. I should have gladly seen you nnd Calmness and in a friendly manner, which I
to do.
referred the
naming of those things

is
to this
Government.*
And
as his Majesty
concerned
in the
Controversy, and
hope to have an opportunity your very humble servant,
In the mean time,
am.
Sir,
Oliver Partridge."
no Settlement which can be made by any authority derived

from Both Governments without the Royal Direction, participation,
This seems to mark the commencement of a long-continued series of active hostilities between the two provinces.
and Concurrence can be Binding on the Crown,

that the appointment of Commissioners for the
On
the 16th of April, 1752, Mr. Livingston
made
to
his
we Conceive
grievances
known
in
a communication
official to
addressed
the
purpose would not only be fruitless and Ineffectual to the
governor, requesting that
cause the apprehension

his pos-
Determination of the Controversy, but also Derogatory

the rights of the
To
and committal of such persons as should disturb

sessions under pretense of authority from
Crown and
disrespectfull
to
his
most
Massachusetts.
Sacred Majesty."
The
though
petition
was referred
to
in
Attorney-General
it
William
And
thus the controversy grew more complicated as time
Smith, who reported that
his opinion
was most ex-
elapsed, neither party appearing willing to concede,
pedient for the governor " not to Interpose at present by any
both were evidently conscious of the extravagance of their

claims
;
Extraordinary Act or Order, but leave the Petitioner to his
for
it
is
noticeable that in the voluminous correin refer-
Ordinary
Remedy
at
Law
in
and
if
any of his Possessions
spondence which ensued between the governnionts
axe forcibly tukcii or forciblj/ held from him, the Statutes of
ence to the numerous acts of aggression committed by the

respective partisans
allusion
England being duly put
Execution
will sufficiently
punish
upon the disputed
territory,
frequent
the offenders and afford a speedy Relief to the Petitioner."
was made
to the distance
;
from the river at which
On
the 22d of November, 1752, William Bull and
fifty-
those acts were perpetrated
this being really an acknowl-
edgment on both
sides that the
boundary should
be,
and
many of them tenants upon the manors of Livingston and Van Rensselaer petitioned the Massa^
seven others,
chusetts general court for a grant of land, which they described as " Beginning at the
tain
probably would be, established on the basis suggested by

the commissioners of the crown
in
1664, and, as between
Top of
the
first
Great Mounthe
New York
and Connecticut, agreed on by Governors Don-
west
of
Sheffield,
running northwesterly with
General course of the Mountain about nine or Ten miles

o Commissionors appointed by both provinces, however, met
conference at Albany
of agreement; and
if
in
thence turning and running West about six Miles, thence
in
June, 1754,
'*
but could not

to
come
to
any
sort
running Southerly
to the
North Line of Connecticut out;

first-
we may be allowed
judge of
this transaction
thence running Easterly to the
from events which have happened
mentioned Boundary. "f
since, instead of operating as a

eSfect."
remedy
to the evil,
it
has had quite a contrary

Mat/ 2i, 1757.
Report of the
Loidt of
TnuU
to the Kni-j,
t These boiinilaries clearly inclose a tract of which a great portion is included in the present bounds of Massachusetts,
38
NEW YORK.
This petition of Bull and others was regarded by Mr.

Livingston as " the Groundwork of
all
the proceedings" by
which he was afterwards

sessions
;
so seriously disturbed in his posto
was a tenant at will, and had been ordered to leave the manor two years before whereon the said Loomis had begged leave to stay long enough to raise one more summer
;
and
this
view seems
have been shared by the

reported " that the pres-
crop, after
which he promised he would remove.

to
Instead of
Legislature of Massachusetts,
who
which he prepared
put in
still
another crop, which Mr.

fact,
ent
warmth and
disorders arose upon, or at least quickly
Livingston, on being informed of the

to
plainly declared
after, the
on this
some persons (who had encroach'd Province's ungranted Lands West of Sheffield)
Petition of
;
him
that he should never reap
in
accordance with which
warning he (Livingston) at harvest-time " went with a Sufficient
that the General Court of this Province
would
;"
sell
or dis-
number of
people, and did accordingly Cutt

as
it
Down
pose of to them the Lands they thus posscsst

to state that " not long after this a
proceeding
and Carry away that crop,
was Lawful and right for
Number
jr.,
of persons in
him
to do."
the
Employ of Robert
and
Mr.
Livingston,
Esqr., burnt
down
to
These occurrences were followed by many similar ones,

acts of aggression
the Dwelling-house of George Robinson, one of these Petitioners,
and
retaliation
committed by both parties
Livingston
caused
his
Body
be
attached and Committed to Albany Gaol, by
a Warrant
after-
from Authority
in
New York
this
Province,
who was
;"
how the temper and animosities of the contestants were gradually wrought up and increased until they became ripe for more serious
not of great moment, except as showing
outrages.
wards Bailed by Order of
Government
but Living-
ston declared that he caused Robinson's incarceration for

trespass
in carrying
man named Joseph Payne was

trees near the
jail in
arrested in
1753 by
away
his
(Livingston's) goods, and
Mr. Livingston
for the alleged destruction of about eleven
that in his opinion the bailing and defending of
him by
hundred
in the
Ancram
furnace, and was imprisoned
the Massachusetts government was " an Aiding and abetting of the said Trespass, and an
Encouragement
to future
amount of one thousand pounds, which was afterwards furnished by Coldefault of bail to the
Albany
Trespassers of the like kind."
onel
Lydius, at the instance of the Boston government.
In the spring of 1753 the Massachusetts government,
This occurrence was the cause of

ing and
under the plea that they "judged
it
vain to attempt any-
many
recriminations.
thing by way of Treaty in the Controve'rsy," appointed
that year a party of

soll,
men, of
much bitterness of feelOn the 19th of July in whom Captain David Inger-
Joseph Dwight, Esq., Colonel Bradford, and Captain Livermore a committee to view the lands west of Sheffield and
Stockbridge, and report the exact state of affairs there.
of Sheffield, was said to be a ringleader, claiming to
act under authority from Massachusetts, entered the house
of Robert Vanduescn, taking him and his son Johannes as

prisoners to the jail at Springfield
In the report of the doings of this committee

that they
it is
narrated
in April,
upon charge of being
met Robert Livingston upon the ground

it
1753, and that
was mutually agreed that

final
all
proceedings
members of the party who despoiled the crops of Josiah Loomis. Nine days later the governor issued his proclamation ordering the arrest
should be held in abeyance, awaiting a

the
"
adjustment of
this,
and imprisonment of these
rioters,
boundary
but
that notwithstanding
in
July
upon which Michael Hallenbeck (who was

Dutchess county.
Concerning
said to be one
jail
Mr. Livingston, with above sixty men, armed with Guns,

in
of the number) was arrested and imprisoned in the
of
Swords, and Cutlasses,

ner, entered
a very hostile and riotous

in
man-
this arrest the general court
upon part of said Lands
the possession of
carried
it
of Massachusetts reported (Sept. 11, 1753) to their governor that " Michael Halenbeck,
Josiah Loomis, Cut down his

in his
Wheat and
away
whom
they (the
New York
Dusars,
Wagons, and destroyed above
five acres
of Indian
partisans) supposed to favor the taking of the
Van
Com." The account given by Mr.

terially different.
has been apprehended and closely confined in Dutch&ss

Livingston, however, was ma-
county
jail (it is said to
be
in a
dungeon), and the most unit
He
related that having
met the com-
exceptional Bail refused," and
was voted that the gover-
mittee and explained the tenure by which he held the lands,
nor be desired as soon as might be to write very particularly
showing his boundaries, and that the extent of his patent was nineteen miles and thirty rods eastward from Hudson's
river
into the woods,
on
this affair to
did,
the governor of
New
York.
This
Governor Shirley
of
and in due time received the reply
they
all
proceeded
to
Taghkanic,
where they found

to
whom
the
number of people were collected, committee recommended that they remain

a great
line,
quiet and satisfied until the settlement of a division
1, 1753, assuring him who was lately confined in the Gaol of Dutchess County, made his Escape from thence with Nor can I think he met with any several other debtors.
Governor Clinton, dated Oct.
" that Michael Hallinbeck,
and that such
as
were tenants should pay their rents honIt
severe Treatment while there.
It
must be a mistake that

told,
estly to the landlord.
was his
belief,
however, that the

only to quiet
he was confined
in a
Dungeon, there being, I am

to that
no
committe were insincere
in this, desiring
him
such Place belonging
Gaol
and as
to Bail
being re-
for the time being, so that they could afterwards execute
fused for his Appearance, in
this, too, I
for, as
imagine your Gov-
their
scheme without
his presence or interruption

his
and that
ernment has been misinformed,

the Proclamation
I issued,
he was committed on
after his departure to
manor-house they secretly gave
with the Advice of the Council,

to Bail
orders for the survey of the tract petitioned for by William
he could not have been admitted
but by Applica-
Bull and others

seven
which, he added, was accordingly done by
cation to the Chancellor or. to one of the
Judges of the
New England
And
men, assisted by the sons of four of
Supreme Court, and

was ever made."
am
well assured no such Application
his tenants,
and they took possession by the construction of

that as to the matter of Josiah Loomis, he
a tree-fence.
The Indian
irruptions of 1754, at Hoosick and Stock-

bridge,
NEW
YORK.
into a sort of
had caused the organization of several military comThere were

at least
ley.
They found Noble's house transformed

with loop-holes
for musketry,
panies in the vicinity of the border and within the disputed

territory.
fortification,
and garrisoned
of Captain
two of these
Ingersoll
in
Sheffield,
with some twenty armed men, under

Noble,
command
commanded by Captains David

and one
at
and John Ashley,

as
who himself
carried a pike, which he presented at
one at Taghkunic, with Michael Hallenbeck

Claverack, under Robert
;
captain,
the breast of the sheriff,

to
demanding of which
side
he was
city
Noble, a tenant of
which Yates replied that he was high-sheriff of the
Rensselaerwyck
all
these being under commission by the

;
and county of Albany.
With
that his prisoner, Whitney,

in
governor of 'Massachusetts
while Robert Livingston, Jr.,
was rescued from him, and he himself seized and confined

A.M. until ten at night,
and Dirck Ten Broeck, holding respectively the commissions

of captain and lieutenant from the governor of
Noble's house, where he remained under guard from eleven
New
York,
when he was conveyed

bail
to Sheffield,
commanded
company made up of men
living on both the
and there remained and
in
custody for twenty-four hours, at the

of one hundred
Livingston and the
Van
Rensselaer manors.
These com-
end of which time he was released on a

fifty
panies, especially those of
Noble and Hallenbeck, were not

defi-
pounds
to
appear for
trial
at the
May term
of
provided with a
full
complement of muskets, but the
court; the offense charged against
him being
that of having
ciency in this particular was

cutlasses,
made good by
to
the use of pikes,

all
dispossessed two persons, one a tenant of
Van
Rensselaer
and hatchets, which

It
perhaps answered
the
and the other of Livingston, but who claimed

Massachusetts authority.
to hold
under
purposes of firearms.
was chiefly
meet the exigencies

it
of Indian attack that these bodies were organized,* but

is
found that they were used to no small extent as agents of
The namesf of the sheriff's captors were Robert Noble, Thomas Willnie, Jacob Bacon, Joseph Jellit, Benjamin
Lovejoy, Elysa Stodder,
intimidation, and even of bloodshed, in the bitter quarrel
Benjamin Chittenton, Richard

S.
of which we write.
Vane, Talvenis Stevens, Wheat Herk, William which

first
Hallen-
The
disafi'cction
appeared
those
tenants had
now spread
to
among Livingston's of the manor of Van

made
at
beck, Myhiel Hallenbeck, Hendrick A. Brosie, William J.
Rees, Francis Bovie, Andris J. Rees, William J. Hallenbeck, Nathan Lovejoy,
Rensselaer, the proprietor of which, in an affidavit
Hyman
Spenser,
Andrew Lovejoy,
Claverack, Feb. 22, 1755, deposed " that one Robert Noble
and Daniel Lovejoy.
proclamation ordering their apthe
and
severall other of his
Tenants within the said maenor
prehension was issued on
2d of April, and on the
had Entered
into a Confirmation with
some Boston People,

to or
13th four of them, including Josiah Loomis, were arrested
and disclaimed being any Longer Tenants and gave out and pretended
sessions within the said
to hold their
under him,
pos-
and lodged
of
the
retired
in jail
their captain. Noble, and the remainder

fled
Lands and
company having
led
from
their stronghold
and
Manner under
the Boston Govern-
to Sheffield before the
approach of the capturing
ment, and that they had taken Clark Pixley, one of the
Constables of Claverack in the said Mannor, and by force
party,
which was
by John and Henry Van Rensselaer
and numbered between thirty and forty men.
On
the
fol-
of Arms, and had Carried him thence, and one

ress, prisoners into
John Mor-
lowing morning at daylight the party appeared at the house of William Rees, a tenant of Livingston, and one of the
partisans of Noble.
Boston Government, and also had been
Guilty of other Outrages and Threatenings upon severall

other of his Tennents, in order to force and Compell them
to
Finding that Rees was
in
the house,
they demanded his surrender, whicU was refused, and im-
Join
in
opposing the Deponent's Rights and Title

;
.
in the
mediately after he was shot dead by one of the Rensselaer
said
Mannor
and that he was informed that
his
Excellency Governour Shirley had given the said Robert
Noble a Commission
Claverack in the
to be Captain of a Company within Manor of Rensselaerwyck, and that he
named Matthew Furlong. The exact circumstances of this killing will never be known. The statement made by the Van Rensselaer party
party
was that Rees was desired
to
open the door, which he
re-
had
also appointed
and Commissionated several other Mili-
fused to do, and at the same time swore that he would take
their lives
;
tary Officers to
said
Doe Duty and Have Jurisdiction Within the also in the Mannor of Livingston." The cause of the capture of Clark Pixley and John Morris does not appear. They were seized on the 7th of
Mannor, and
February, by Robert Noble and a part of his company, and
to Springfield jail.
whereupon a board was broken from the door,

this
and through
opening Rees attempted
to fire
on the
assail-
party, but fortunately his
gun missed
fire.
That the
and was
latter
ants then rushed into the house, and Rees retreated to the
garret,
and thence out through the

firing
roof,
in in
the
self-
were taken
On
the 11th, Sheriff Abra-
very act of
defense shot
upon Furlong, when the
ham Van
Yates, Jr., with a posse, and
accompanied by John
him through the body, and then surrendered
Rensselaer and his brother Henry, set out from Clav-
himself to Justice Ten Broeck,

the company.
proof, that
to kill It
who was
also lieutenant of
erack,
and proceeded towards Noble's house,
for the pur-
was further stated
as being susceptible of his determination
pose of effecting his arrest.
On
their
captured
Thomas Whitney, one
of the party
way they saw and who took Pix-
Rees had repeatedly declared

at least,
one
and particularly on the occasion of the

was asserted that Rees had
seizure of Sheriff Yates.

* Mr. Livingston wrote the governor, in February, 1755, advising
Upon
the other side,
it
at-
him of the raising of a company of one hundred men "to Dtfend Tagbkanick against the French and Indians, but it id supposed it is
in order to possess
tempted no resistance, but had retreated by the garret and

through the
roof,
;
and was running away when he received

that
themselves of nry L:ind3."

e.\isted
A
and
military
company had
the death-wound
si.\ty-eight,
an
inquest
was
held upon the
on Livingston manor since the

it
early days of the Palatines.

file.
In 1715
mustered
rank
tnje
Doc. Hist. N. Y.,
vol.
iii.
p. 778.
40
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
body, which was found to be pierced in seven places, apparently by buckshot, and that the jury returned a verdict of
willful
very serious riot and resistance
of authority took
place on
partisans,
the 7th of May, 1757, by thirty-one anti-rent
murder.
who were
partially fortified in the
house of Jona-
proclamation was at once issued by Governor Phips,
than Darby at Taghkanic.
In this
affair
two were
this.
killed
of Massachusetts, offering a reward of one hundred pounds

for the arrest
and several wounded.
In consequence of
Gov.
De
and delivery of those engaged

this authority,
in the
homicide
Lancey issued
his
proclamation,
June 8 of
that
year,
and under pretext of
on the 6th of
May
fol-
declaring that certain persons residing in or near the eastern
Hampshire county, supported by a posse of over one hundred men, many of them tenants of
lowing, the sheriff of
borders of the province had entered into a combination to

dispossess Robert Livingston of his lands comprised in the
Livingston and
ingston's
to prison
Van
Rensselaer,
made a
descent on Liv-
manor of Livingston,
of
all
etc.,
and ordering the apprehension
iron-works at Anerani, capturing and carrying

in
the persons concerned in the riot at Darby's on the
Massachusetts eight of Mr. Livingston's de-
7th of May.
arrested,
Under
this authority a
number of them were

in
pendents who were present at the killing of Rees.

long, however,
Furas,
and remained incarcerated

two years.
prison at
effect
Albany
the
was not among the number taken, and

at Springfield,
it
for about
This had the
to
quell
upon examination of these prisoners
was
disturbances, and for a considerable time afterwards the

proprietors of the manors remained undisturbed.
It having
it
found that no complicity in the homicide could be proved

against them, they were sent under guard to ShefiSeld, with
become apparent
to the
home government
that
orders that they be held there as hostages, to be released
was
useless to expect an adjustment of the
boundary by
when, and not
before, the authorities of
New York
should
agreement between the two provinces, the matter was submitted for
final
liberate the Massachusetts partisans
and anti-renters then

intensified the bitter-
settlement to the Lords Commissioners of
confined at Albany.
Trade, who, on the 25th of May, 1757,

to
made known
:
to the
The
killing of
Rees seems
have
king, George II., their decision as follows

"
ness of feeling on both sides, but
more
particularly
among
the opponents of Livingston and

veying-party, acting
Van
Rensselaer.
sur-
Upon a
there
full
is
consideration of this matter, and of the
little
proba-
under Massachusetts authority, and
bility
that the dispute can ever be determined by

it
any
amicable agreement between the two Govem'ts,

that the only effectual method of putting nn end to
those further mischiels which
appeared
to us
protected by a body of about one hundred
out from Sheffield,
armed men, set and during the months of April and

several townships west of the
it
and preventing
long as
may
be expected
to follow so
May, 1755, surveyed

in that of Rensselaer.
Tagh-
the cause subsists, would be by the interposition of your Maj'tys
kanic mountains, and within the two manors, but chiefly
such a line of partition as should, upon a consideration of the actual and ancient possession of both provinces withauthority
to settle
These " townships" each embraced

ea.st
out regard to the exorbitant claims of either, appear to -be just and
equitable.
a territory about five miles
and west, and seven miles

a tract of
And we
conceive
it
the more necessary to rest the deter-
north and south
and within these

accept and hold
one hundred
mination upon these principles, because

the Grant from
We
find,
upon examining
acres was presented as a free gift to each tenant or other
King Charles
the
2nd
to the
Duke
of
York
in
1663-64,
and the Royal Charter granted

defective, that
to the
Massachusetts Bay in 1691,

is
person
who would
it
against the propri-
that the description of the limits of those grants
so inexplicit
and
etors ;* the remainder of the lands being sold or released
no conclusive Inference can be drawn from them with

recourse to such papers on Record might shew the Actual and Ancient possession of the and as it appeared by several of them, of
;
by the Massachusetts government

shillings an acre.
The
result
.to purchasers at two was that these " townships"
respect to the extent of territory originally intended to be granted
by them.
in
We have, therefore, had

in question
our
Office as
became peopled by
chusetts
settlers
who
cared nothing for Massa-
Provinces
Bay except
for the protection
which that governauthority of the

first
dates almost as old as the said Grant, that the Province of the
ment
desire
afforded
them against the

;
rightftil
Massachusetts Bay had

at different times
in
those times been understood to extend to
province of
New York
but who were moved,

to possess the land
within 20 miles of Hudson's River, and that
many
settlements had
the people nf
by a
been made so far
to the
Westward by
and determination
without rento
dering an equivalent, and next by an intense hatred of the

proprietors, especially
Stockbridge to invite those Indians to assist them to execute this

if
Livingston, whose
life
they freely
scene of Villany, and that
they could not prevail on them, they

require assistance from them.
threatened and placed in such jeopardy that he dared not

travel
would go
to the
Mohawka and
Mr.
through his
estate, or
even remain at his manor-house,
without a guard of armed men.f

s Vide
DocumenUry
Hist. N. Y., vol.
iii.
p. 807, report
William
Smith and Robert R. Livingston. " Mr. Robert Livingstone's Tennants being encouraged by such f Proceedings to hold their Farms independent of him, was advised by his Lawyers to serve the most riotous of them with ejectments and having the last term obtain'd judgment against them, The Sheriff of the County of Albany was ordered to turn them out of Possession and put him in. He accordingly, on the 25th of last month, went with some men be summoned to attend him to some houses of the ejected, and after some opposition effected it. On
;
that one Nicholas Koens came twenty him to keep a good watch, for that Van Gelden's sons intended to come with the Stockbridge Indians to murder him and burn all he had. And to prevent their carrying into execution their threats, I applied to Lord Loudoun for a sufficient Guard to be quartered at the House and Iron-Works of Mr. Livingston for the security of his family, when his Lordship informed me he had hcaid the story from the Mayor of Albany, who is Coroner of the county, who he advised to make a requisition of such a guard in Mr. Living-
Livingston further informs

miles to advise
me
ston's
to send
name, and that he had left orders with General Abercrombie an officer ond twenty-five men to Mr. Livingston's. Sir Wil-
liam Johnson was with Lord Loudoun at the Storys being told,
who
the
acquainted his Lordship that he would send immediately
to
Stockbridge Indians.
flatter
By
all
these precautions
I trust
Mr. Livingif
James Connor, of Sheffield, came to Mr. Livingston and informed him that two of Van Gclden's sons had been at Sheffield, when he heard them say they would have Timothy Connor (head
the 29, one
collier (o
ston will have no further disturbance for the present, for I cannot
myself that these violations

offer for
,/ A'.
it,
will
not be attempted again
opportunitys
and his House

22, 1756.
left
unguarded."
Vide CuloHardy
Mr. Livingston) dead or alive; that they would burn his (Mr. Livingston's) house over his head; that they went from thence
mnl
Hit. Sinle
Y., vol. vil. p. 206.
Letter of Goi-ernor
to the
Lord! of Trade, Dec.

that province; and as that evidence coincides with the general prinagreement between the province of New York and the
NEW
YORK.
;
41
New York
and Massachusetts
the line being substantially
ciple of the
the same as that ordered by George the Second, thirty

years before, and identical with the present boundary, ex-
Colony of Connecticut in 163;!, which has received the Royal conflrmation We are of opinion that a line to be drawn Northerly from a point on the South boundiry line of the Massachusetts Bay twenty miles distant dui Eist from Hudson's River to another point 20 miles distant due East from the said river on that line which divides
:
cepting the slight difference caused by the cession of Boston
Corner
to
New York
it
in
1855.
in
As
has been before mentioned, the royal order
council
the Provinces of
New Hampshire and
the Massachusetts
Buy would
be a just and equitable line of division between Your Maj'tys provinces of
of 1757, although
did not then close the question of

to conflicts
New York and the Massachusetts Bay. " But as a doubt might arise whether such boundary could be esit
boundary, yet virtually put an end

tion
of jurisdic-
between the provinces.

tlie riots
And
for a period of five years

also to
tablished without the concurrence of the Massachusetts Bay, the soil
being granted by Royal Charter, We thought Us the .\gent8 fur the two provinces in question, and to communicate to them such our opinion and the authorities whereon it is founded. And the Agent for New York having signi-
from
and arrests of 1757 there seems
have
and Jurisdiction of
proper to
call before
been a season of quiet and freedom from outrage and lawlessness
upon the manors.
But
in
1762 the clouds again

During
this state
gathered, and the malcontents, under lead of Josiah Loomis
fied to us that
he submits the settlement of the said boundary as a

in
and others, again took the war-path.

afllairs
of
matter entirely
the Massachusetts
your Mij'tys determination, and the Agent for Bay having acquainted us that he, on behalf of
the a'jove-described line,
to
Mr. Livingston wrote (March 22, 1762)
to
Govintend
his constituents, acquiesces in

fore beg leave
We
there-
ernor Culden, " These Rioters have given

since the Proclamation issued in 1757, but
to
me no
trouble
humbly
to
propose
your Majesty that you would be

the line
now they
graciously pleased, by your order in Council, to establish

tion between the provinces of
make
their last bold push,
which
I think will be pre-
hereinbefore describ2d as a final boundary of property and Jurisdic-
N. York and the Massachusetts Bay."
vented by another proclamation coming out in time."
The
Loo-
governor acted on the suggestion, and nine days
later issued
This decision, however, did not meet the approval of the

governor and council of
dissatisfaction,
his proclamation, directed particularly against Josiah
New
York, who expressed their

alterations.
mis and Robert Miller, " who,

mation [that of 1757], have
in
contempt of said Proclariotously assembled
and
asiced
for certain
Tlieir
lately
request was duly considered, but being objected to by the
within the said Manor, and do
now
threaten to dispossess
agent of the Massachusetts government, was definitely and

finally
the Tenants of the said Robert Livingston, and to seat and
denied
in
a communication by the Lords of Trade

9,
maintain themselves therein by Force and Violence
;'
and
to
Governor De Lancey, dated Dec.
1757
and a royal
he ordered and directed the
sheriS' to suppress
all
unlawful
order in council afterwards established the line as deter-
and riotous gatherings

force of the county.
at all hazards,
and with the whole

to
mined on by the Lords, and nearly the same

existing.
as at present
This prompt action seems
have had
the desired
king's decision and the order in council did
final
efiect,
and four years more of comparative quiet
But even the

it
succeeded.
not prove to be a
settlement of the boundary, though
But
Noble,
again, in 1766, the disturbances broke out with
more
was
tacitly accepted
by the two provinces

It
as to jurisdic-
violence than ever, this time under the leadership of Robert
tional conflicts
between them.
was not
until
many
years
who assembled
to
his
band
in
such numbera that they
after that the line
was established.
In the spring of 1773,
were able
and did attack and defeat a strong posse under

in
John Watts, William Smith, and Robert R. Livingston, commissioners on the part of New York, and John Hancock, Joseph Hawley, and William Brattle, commissioners
for Massachusetts,
command
his duty.
of the sheriff of Albany while
performance of
live.s,
This outbreak caused the
loss of several
and was immediately followed by a proclamation ordering

the
met
this
at Hartford, where, on the 18th of

line of
most stringent measures,
and the apprehension

efiect
of
May, they
easily
and amicably agreed on a partition
Robert Noble.
In an attempt to
the arrest of Noble
jurisdiction,
and
agreement received the approval of
the sheriff and his posse attacked the fortified house of
the governors of the two States.

Wiis to
The
line as agreed
on
Noble
(în
the present town of Hillsdalej, but without being
commence
at
the northwest corner of " the oblong,"

to
able to effect their object, and Noble escaped to Massachusetts.
and
to
run thence north 21 10' 30" east

;
the north
He
and Josiah Loomis had been principal ringits
line of Massachusetts
to
it
this eastern deflection

river,
being given
leaders in the anti-rent insurrection from the time of

first
conform to the course of the Hudson
from which
outbreak, but after this time Noble was no more heard
was intended
to
make
the line distant, as nearly as might

all
of as an insurgent leader on the
New York
effect
side of the line.

to
be, a distance of
twenty miles at
points.
His absence, however, had not the

Great
discourage the rioters.
intimidate or
But
the line, though agreed on, was not then run.
On
the contrary, their demonstra-
trouble appears to have arisen in the execution of the work,
tions of violence increased to such a degree that the sheriff
on account of the baffling variation of

the ore-beds of the Taghkanics,
causes,
tiie
needle
among
ac-
and magistrates, realizing that the was entirely unequal

Jloore of the
fact,
civil
power of the county
and
and
perhaps from other
to
the exigency, notified Governor
it
was not
until
17S7 that the work was
and invoked the assistance of the military

ordering detachments of
complished.
In that year
Thomas Hutchins,
three
the national
arm.
The governor responded by

to
geographer-general, David Rittenhouse, and the Rev. Dr.
the Forty-sixth Royal Infantry to proceed to the neighbor-
John
Ewing, of
Piiiladelphia,
gentlemen
whom
hood of the disorders

law.
support the sheriff and enforce the
Congress had, at the request of the two States, appointed

as commissioners for
difficulty
the purpose, succeeded, after great
The
following, a copy of a letter written by Mr. Living-
experienced from the capricious variation of the
ston at that time, has reference to the-state of affairs then

existing on the two manors
:
needle, in running
and establishing the boundary between

"
NEW YORK.
Manor
Livingston, 9lh July, 1766.

Clnikc of Ihe 46lh, with 120
ing and in the hatred that existed between patriots and

Tories,
" Sir, This minulc arrived here
Cnjit.
though doubtless the
state of affairs then existing
of His Mnjestj's Troop.", in order to nssist the iDBgistrates and sheriff

of the county to apprehend the Rioters in this County.
And
was, in
many
cases,
made an excuse
for the
wreaking of
as
it
will
be necessary yourself, the Sheriff, ond Coll.

here, I desire
Von Kenslaer should
he
private revenge.
After the war, although robbery and
you immediately
to
send an E.xpress for them, that we

It
other lawless actsj were frequent enough, the old anti-rent

spirit does not
may go on
Ciipt.
the service to-morrow.
Schuyler^ could come along.

lost,
As
would be agreeable to me if it will he in our power to quell

in
seem
to
have been actively manifested until

to
about
1790,
when combinations were again formed
this
dangerous Riot and Establish our authority
our respective
In
manors, no time must be
nor no expense thought too muchT
wrest from the Livingston and

portions of their lands.
Van
Rensselaer proprietors
hopes of your speedy Comptyance, I remivin, * Sir, your most flumblc Servant, " Robert Livingston, Jun.
" To
In 1791 these combinations took
the form of armed resistance to the execution of the laws,
Henry Van Renslaer,

**
and resulted
in the
shooting of the sheriff of the count}',
Esq.,
Claverack."
effect.
Cornelius Hogeboom, Esq., while engaged in the perform-
ance of his duty.
The presence of
rioters
the military had the desired
The
Few
occurrences
in
the history of Columbia county have

its
seem
to
have had as wholesome a dread of bayonets
ever moved the feelings and sympathies of
inhabitants
as was displayed by their descendants on the same ground
more deeply than
this atrocious
murder of
Sheriff
Hoge-
seventy-eight yeare
later.
The
spirit of insurrection
was
boom
The
following account of the deplorable event ap-
immediately and (for the time) completely quelled.
peared in the Albany
Gazette of Oct. 31, 1791, being
On
and
*'
the 24th of February, 1767, Gov. Moore wrote to
communicated
to that journal
by a gentleman of Kinder-
the Earl of Shelburne in reference to this anti-rent outbreak

its
hook
suppression as follows
between the Provregard to any Territorial Jurisdiction, but the whole has ri.'ê from a Scene of Litigation among private Persons. Sevin the present case
" Cornelius
Hogeboom,
Esq., sheriff of the county of

inst.,
There has been no dispute

its
Columbia, was shot on his horse on Saturday, the 22d

at a place called
inces in
Nobletown,
in the
town of Hillsdale, and
taken
on
Monday
his remains, attended
by an uncommon number
encouraged by (heir countryacknowledge in some of their affidavits), passed over tbo line of Division, and seating themselves to the AVestward of it, on the Lands belonging to Mr. Renslaer, and acknowledged on all hands to be within this Province, began Settlements there without invitation from him, or even permission first obtained. Mr. Renslaer, unwilling to dispossess thcin, offered them Leases on the same Terms which he bad granted to his Tenants, their near neighbors, which were refused and notwithstanding they could not shew any Right in themselves to the Lands, refused to acknowledge any in Mr. Renslaer, who upon such behavior endeavored to remove them by a due Course of Law. But as it never was the intention of these People to submitt their Title to a legal examination, every opposition was made to the sheriff
eral Inhabitants of the Massachusetts,
men
(as they
of respectable inhabitants from different parts of the county,
were deposited
in the
family burial-place at
Squampommock,
loss
where they
" Mr.
testified
an unfeigned soitow for the
of so
valuable a citizen.
Hogeboom had
;
filled
it
the ofiBce of sheriff for up-
wards of two years
and
was at a very distressing period

office,
that he entered on the duties of this
whereby
his
unexampled benevolence
at the
to the distressed wa.s fully evinced,
same time that a just degree of promptitude was

the interests of his employers.
paid
to
Few men were
when he attempted
to
do bis duty, and matters wore carried
to
such
capable of giving so universal satisfaction.

patriot
"
He
was a
real
a length that they assembled armed in a great body and attacked and defeated him in the Execution of his oflice, altho' supported by the Posse of the County, and some lives were lost on both sides. After an
action in justification of which so
little
and a true
friend.
The murder of
Sheriff
Hogeboom
is
of such a barbait is
could be said,
many
of the
rous and inhuman nature, while at the same time

interesting, that
so
Delinquents thought proper to quitt this Province immediately, and

sheltered themselves under the Protection of the Neighboring
; . . .
we
shall
give to the public a short and
Qovem-
circumstantial
ments of Massachusetts and Connecticut but none of them were ever secured, although they appeared publickly in the Provinces of the Massachusetts and Connecticut, neither have any of those complainants thought proper to return to their Homes and submit their Cause to he decided by the Laws of their Country. ... It was with great concern I saw the progress of these disturbances, but was still in hopes that the civil Power alone would bo able to prevail, and it was at the earnest request of the Magistrates of both those counties'l' that the Troops were sent to their assistance. ... I should have been guilty of a neglect of my Duty had I refused the aid required, especially in the County of Albany, where the rebels had set the civil Power at Defiance, and had defeated the Sheriff at the head of the Posse of the County."
account of the horrid deed.
few days
previous to the murder one of the sheriff's deputies was to
have held a vendue
at
Nobletown by virtue of an execution
against one Arnold, but on the day of the intended sale
the Nobletown people assembled, and with threats deterred

the deputy from proceeding in the vendue,
who thereupon
what had
adjourned
it to
the Saturday following, informing the peo-
ple that he should acquaint the high sheriff with
happened, which he accordingly did.

on Saturday, and after waiting
deputy,
till
The
sheriff attended
near four o'clock for his
who had
the execution, and he not arriving, and a
After their
.=iuppression, in
17G6, the anti-rent partisans
number of
people having assembled in a riotous manner,

to leave,
did not again rally (as such) for a period of twenty-five

years.
he concluded
and
told
the people that since his

it
During the Revolution many scenes of violence

to
deputy had not come he would leave

return as he thought best.
to
him
to
make such
and
were enacted within the limits of the county, but these
He
then, with his brother
had (or were supposed

"'
have) their origin in party

Philip
feclX
For the suppression of the numerous

in this vicinity after the
felonies
which were com-
Afterwards Mnjor-Gencral
Schuyler, of Revolutionary
mitted
Revolution a company of rangers was
fame.
t Referring to disturbances which occurred also about the
organized, and fifteen hundred pounds were raised under authority
same
to
of the act of
May
11, 1780, to defray the
expense thus incurred
but
time
in
Dutchess county, requiring the assistance of the miTitary
neither the date of the formation of the

acts of outrage
company nor
the particular
quell.
part of the Twenty-eighth Infantry was sent to that county.
which caused
its
organization can be given.

another gentleman, rode
off,
NEW
YORK.
at last
43
and when they were opposite
sego, Oneida,
and Rensselaer,
began
to regard their
the barn young Arnold fired a pistol, at which signal seventeen men, painted and in Indian dress, sallied forth from
condition as unendurable, and as being
little, if
any, better
than that of vassals.
They argued
that they
and their
the barn, fired and marched after them, keeping up a constant firing.
ancestors had already paid in rents far
more than the value
Some of
all
the balls passing between them, the
of the lands, even including the buildings and improve-
companions of the
they would
sheriff desired
;
him
to
spur his horse or
ments which themselves (and not the landlords) had put
be shot
to
which he replied that he was
upon them, and that the degrading and perpetual nature

of the tenure was inconsistent not only with the principles of republican
vested with the law, and they should never find
him
coward. " Young Arnold seeing those
government, but with
all
proper
feelit
in
Indian dress
fell
astern,
ings of self-respect.
They asked upon what

left
principle
then mounted a horse with another fellow and rode up to
was that their fathers
the oppressive, aristocratical govto find here, in the

river,
them
two of
whom mounted
his)
the horse, and (the sheriff
ernments of the Old World,
New, and
having only walked
soon came up and dismounted,
upon the banks of Hudson

which was overthrown
1290, and
in
a system of land-tenure
so long ago as the year
when one of them
leveled his piece,
and lodged a
'
ball
in
in
England
the heart of the sheriff; upon which he said,
Brother, I
France by the Revolution of 1787?

?
Could
am
dead man
!'
fell
from his horse, and expired.
His
they believe that such things were right or legal

should they by their submis.sion allow ihem
to
And
brother then took him up in his arms and carried him into
the house of one Crum, but supposing himself yet in immi-
become per-
manent?
These
theories,
advanced by their leaders and
nent danger rode

" Great praise
off.
industriously circulated througii the public prints, had the
is
due
to
Captain Sloan, of the city of
natural effect to reawaken the old feeling of resistance to
Hudson, who soon afterwards came and took care of the

body, and at the risk of his
sheriff.
life
what they considered the oppressive exactions of

lords,
their land-
guarded the papers of the
and
it
was not long before they\ began
to consult to-
Young Arnold went

is
to
Crum's house
for the pur-
gether on plans to throw off the burden.

associations began
to
About 1840
pose (as
supposed) of putting a period to the existence

not been already done.
set out the next day for
be formed, and delegates were apon ways and means by

"
of the
"
sheriff, if it liad
pointed,
who met
for deliberation
Four of the perpetrator

fifty
Nova
which
to
accomplish their ends.
Ere long the people beand the anti-rent

to the service
Scotia by
way of New London.

is
A reward
we
of two hundred
came more and more engaged and

feeling manifested itself in
excited,
and
of
pounds
offered for
apprehending them.
hear, were on
A party
Tuesday
open resistance
of
men
"
are in pursuit, and, as
legal process for the collection of manorial rents.
A .secret
within fifteen miles of them.
organization was devised, extending through several counties,
Twelve are lodged

good
in
the gaol at Claverack under a strong

is
guard.
Jonathan Arnold
to all
not yet taken.
It is
recom-
summons
by which bands of men were formed, and pledged upon to appear disguised and armed, and ready to profrom arrest and from the service one of the
mended
dares to
citizens
to
who wish
well to the support of
tect the persons of tenants
good government
be active in apprehending one who

against civil government
of process, and to guard their property from levy and sale
commit such an outrage
upon execution.
So soon
as a sheriff appeared in
and
civil society."
disaffected towns, a troop of
men
collected in fantastic calico
The accused
persons were tried at a term of the oyer and
dresses and with faces masked, or painted to imitate Indians,
terminer, held at Claverack in Februury, 1792, and " after a
and armed with
pistols,
tomahawks, guns, and
cutlasses,
and
long and impartial
trial
were acquitted."
The murderer was

Hogeboom, died
less
generally on horseback,
near,
gathered round him or hovered
never discovered.
The widow of
wholly of
grief,
the
victim, Mrs. Surah
warning him away, and deterring him by threats from performing his duty." *
It
on the 16th of January,
than three
Gazette
was not
in
Columbia, but in Rensselaer, Delaware, and

counties, that this state of affairs origi-
months
after her husband's
murder.
The Hudson
is
some of the other

nated.
of January 26, in noticing her death, said, " It

sible
impos-
The
first
overt act of lawlessness occurred in Rensanti-renters,
to describe
the
extreme
afflicted
distress
with
which Mrs.
re-
selaer, in the
town of Grafton, where a body of
Hogeboom hath been
from the moment she
disguised as Indians,
met upon the highway a man named

into a violent altercation,
ceived information of the
inhuman murder of her husband

This unfortunate couple
late
Smith, who was a known and violent opponent of their

plans.
until the time of her decease."
With him they entered

in his
were the grandparents of the were employed

it,
Judge Henry Hogeboom.

which had caused
which resulted
fired
being instantly killed by a pistol-shot,
After the tragedy of 1791, the most vigorous measures

to quell the lawless spirit
by one of
that
their
number.
It was,
first
however, alleged by
;
them
Smith made the

facts
attack, with an axe
but
the
and although there were afterwards occasional instances

rents,
in
whatever the
may have
been, the person
who
fired
of resistance to the payment of manorial
yet for
shot was never discovered, although more than two hundred

persons were summoned, and testified in a legal investigation
more than half a century there occurred

county no demonstration
of sufficient
noticed as an anti-rent revolt.
Columbia
to
magnitude
be
of the circumstances of the homicide.

It
was not long before the
spirit
of revolt had spread to

re-
The
spirit
of anti-rentism, however, was not dead, but
Columbia county.
The
first
demonstration of force in
only sleeping.
The farmer-tenants upon

Schoharie,
the manors not
sistance to the execution of the laws in this county,
was
only in Columbia, but in the counties of Albany, Greene,

Ulster, Delaware,
Ileikimer, Montgomery, Ot-
New American
Cyclopajdia.
44
made Dec.
1844, when

12,
NEW
as the "
YORK.
The
last
the
sheriflF,
Hon. Henry C.
Proceeding with-
nolds and Walter Hutchins.
named was
other-
Miller, attempted to serve process against the property of
wise
known
White
Chief," and had frequently
and
an anti-renter in the town of Copake.
freely
alive
;
uttered the threat that he would
never be taken
out a posse (except a single companion) towards the place
but upon being found secreted in a garret, he was
of his destination, he at length encountered the outlying

pickets of the enemy, but was by
secured without so
much
as a
show of
resistance.
at
them allowed
to pass on.
When
them
it
" Big" and " Little
Thunder" arrived
Hudson
in
Arriving at the place where the process was to be served,
the custody of the sheriff, a vast and shouting crowd followed
he was surprised by
ticipated.
show of
force
which he had not anof the chief, " Big
There was a body of about three hundred men
disguised as Indians, under
command
Thunder," and besides these there was a gathering of more than a thousand people, undisguised, and present only as
spectators of the scene of violence
and the whole city was jubilant but when was learned that wellnigh a thousand men in the east part of the county had sworn to rescue the prisoners and burn the city the rejoicings were succeeded by unmistakable
to the jail,
;
panic, and the citizens were not in
the least reassured
by
which they evidently

that
the proclamation of
Mayor
Curti.ss, in
which he
recalled to
expected, for they had, undoubtedly, supposed

sheriff
the
mind the
by
fire
fact " that
no policy of insurance
will cover losses
would appear with
strong posse, and prepared to
when caused by
invasion, insurrection, or civil
use force in the performance of his duty.
Upon
his ap-
commotion."
It
pearance the great chief, " Big Thunder" (whose real
name
was decided that the
citizens should
be organized for
was Smith A. Boughton), and six other sachems of the tribe, conducted him to the public-house of the place, where, after informing him that under no circumstances would he
be permitted
to execute his mission,
the security and defense of the city, and the plan and details
of such organization were placed

mittee, which
in
the hands of a comcalled the
might properly have been
Com-
and that his

so,
life
would
mittee of
Public Safety, consisting of
Colonel
Charles
be endangered by a persistent attempt to do
they suc-
Darling, Captain
P. Cowles, Killian Jliller,
Rufus Reed,
ceeded, by intimidation with firearms, in dispossessing
him
and Warren Rockwell.

establishment of a
The
first
measure adopted was the
of his papers, which they burned in public, amid the war-
patrol
of citizens, twenty from each
The
whoops of the braves and the plaudits of the spectators. sheriff was then permitted to depart in peace, and to
to his
ward, to be constantly on duty during the hours of night.
Then Captain Cowles'

Guard,
military company, the

to
Hudson Light
in
return
home
at
Hudson, where his report of the
were ordered
hold
themselves
readiness,
outrage was received by the citizens with feelings and experiences of the deepest indignation.
It
equipped and ammunitioned
for
instant service,
least
and
to
muster
at
the court-house with the
possible delay
was advertised
that,
on the 18th of December, the

at
upon the sounding of

the
placed in charge of a
rolled
certain alarui-strokes on the bell of
chief " Big
Thunder" would attend

tenants
Smoky Hollow, in
the
Presbyterian church.
town of Claverack. there

the
to address the people
Van
Rensselaer
on
particularly
Four pieces of artillery were company of one hundred men, enand under command of Captain
the (then) paramount
from the
citizens,
question of the day.
At
the time appointed a very large
Henry Whiting, and
videttes were posted well out
upon
audience had gathered there, some out of sympathy with

the principles set forth, and .some from motives of mere
curiosity.
the roads leading into the city from the eastward.
These were but the beginning of the precautionary measures.
Pursuant
to the
announcement the orator apIt

brilliant
request was
made
to the State authorities to fur-
peared supported by a strong body-guard in costume.

is
said that this
to
be the
last
was the most
nish five hundred stand of arms, with proper ammunition,
as
it
was destined
orgies
which was promptly responded
to
by the governor, and the
of his days of triumph.
During the
arms furnished.
battalion of five
hundred volunteera
of the day, a youth, named
W. H.
Rifenburgh, a spectator
of the performances, was killed by a pistol-shot, alleged to
was formed, called the " Law and Order Association," to act as " minute-men," to be always ready and subject to the
call
have been accidentally

"
fired.
it
When
was
intelligence of
this
of the sheriff at
all
times.
This body consisted of four
occurrence reached Hudson,
at once decided that
Big Thunder" should be
arrested, and
upon
this sheriff
Miller set out for the scene of the tragedy, accompanied
commanded by Captains Thomas P. Newbery, Ichabod Rogers, Hiram Gage, and Warren Rockwell, and the battalion was under command of Colonel Darling.
companies,
Assistance was also asked and received from abroad.
Colonel Darling went to Catskill, told the people there of
the danger which
teers to
by Mr. Joseph D. Monell. When they reached Smoky Hollow it was late in the day, and the meeting had already dissolved but " Big Thunder" was found in a back room
;
menaced Hudson, and asked
for volunre-
at the public-house, divested of his
plumes and war-puint,
return with him.

in
large
number of men
to Catskill on
and engaged
in
quiet convei-sation.
He was
arrested
at
sponded, and remained
Hud.son over Saturday night,

3Ion-
once and without resistance, but upon reaching the open air, where he was surrounded by a number of his men, he
Sunday, and Sunday night, returning

day.
request was
made by
the
common
council for the
drew a
was
pistol
and made a desperate attempt
to escape,
but
Albany Burgesses' corps

for duty, to
to lend
their assistance, to
which
at last
overpowered and bound.
the corps responded by reporting to the mayor of
Hudson
The
(whose
later
sheriff also captured the chief " Little

real
Thunder"
little
remain until the exigency shoiild have passed.

still
name was Mortimer

after,
C. Bclding), and a
in
Afterwards, upon a
further request for troops. Governor
he had delivered both the chiefs safe
the
jail
at
Bouck
sent
hither the
Emmet
Guards,
Van
Rensselaer
Hudson.
Soon
effected the arrest
Thomas Sedgwick of two other leaders, named Reydeputy -sheriff
Guards, Washington Riflemen, Albany Republican Artillery,
and a company of cavalry from
New
York, under
command

of Captain Krack.
NEW
YORK.
45
This comparatively large force crowded
the available accommodations of Hudson, and
many were
CHAPTER
Property in
VII
quartered on the boats, which then lay winter-bound at the
wharves.
At
the end of about one month, during which

to
POLITICAI..
Men and Women
time the soldiery had given material aid
the sheriff in
Politics
and Parties
in the
County.
making the
desired arrests of implicated persons, the danpa.ssed,
ger was believed to have
and the troops returned
to
their homes, carrying with
them the thanks and gratitude

citizens of
of
The first election by the people in what is now the State New York was that of the "Twelve Men," in 1641,
The
first
of the people of the
city.
held under the Dutch rule.
election
under the under
There are those among the
Hudson who,
English was that of the Assembly of 1665, for the pro-
looking back to that time, freely express the belief that the
mulgation of the " Duke's Laws."
The
first election
magnitude of the power invoked was largely disproportionate to the danger
the authority of the people themselves was that one held

in
which menaced, but there were proba-
March, 1775,
to elect deputies in
to the provincial
conven-
bly few
who
then entertained that view of the case.
tion,
which met
New
York, the 20th of April following,
The
before
prisoner Boughton, for whose safe-keeping the city

in a state of siege, at the
to choose delegates to the Continental Congress,
which assemto the
had been placed
was brought
to trial
bled at Philadelphia, on
May
10,
1775.
Down
March term of court, and was Atdefended by Ambrose L. Jordan and James Storm. torney-General John Van Burcn was assisted by Hon. TheThe trial continued for odore Miller in the prosecution.
Judge Parker
two weeks, and ended
in
adoption of the State constitution in 1777, elections were
held before the sheriffs by a poll or viva voce vote.
The
constitution provided for the ballot system to be tried, after
the war then waging had ceased, as an " experiment," guard-
a disagreement of the jury.
In
ing the same, however, with a provision that "
if
the ex-
the following September he was again tried before Judge
periment proved unsatisfactory, the former method," or some

other, should be returned to.
vision, a law
John W. Edmonds, and was found

the usual question
guilty.
When
asked
In pursuance of this pro-
why
sentence should not be passed upon
was passed March 27, 1778, authorizing the
him, he simply replied that he had done nothing which he

considered a crime, but that the court had seen
vict him, and he
fit
use of the ballot in elections for governor and lieutenant-
to con-
governor, but retaining the viva voce system for members of

the Legislature
;
must submit
to its decision.
He was
then
but
in
1787, February
ballot
3, the restriction
sentenced to a
life
imprisonment
in the Clinton State prison.
was done away, and the
system introduced generally.

at this time
Several of the other leaders were convicted and sentenced

for different terms, but " Little
to trial.
The
inspector system
was introduced
still
(1787),
Thunder" was never brought

quelled forever
and, with some changes,
obtains.
Local boards in
;
each election district at

conviction of these
first
canvassed the returns

clerk,
the
the
The
in
men
all
attempts
result
was recorded by the town

to the
who forwarded
it
by anti-rent partisans
Columbia county
in
;
to resist
the execution of the laws

single anti-renter
same
county clerk, who recorded

the secretary of state,
in his office
and
it,
not that a
had
forwarded
it to
who
and
also recorded
changed
less
hb
hatred to the manorial system, or was any

resist
when
the votes were canvassed by a State board, consisting

state, comptroller,
than before inclined to
what he deemed
it
its
in-
of the secretary of
treasurer,
result.
on or
tolerable
wrong and oppression, but that
was now
fully
before the 8th of June,
and who published the
By
the
realized that resistance to constituted authority
was
woi'se
the act of 1787, general elections were held on the last
than useless, and that what was
to
be done must be accom-
Tuesday
in April,
and might be held
five days.
By
plished by the wielding of political power at the ballot-box.
act of April
17, 1822, a board of county canvassers was
By
was
to
pursuing this course the anti-rent party elected their

in
instituted, consisting of
one inspector of elections from each
governor (Young)
1846, and one of his
first ofiBcial acts
town, and the attorney-general and surveyor-general were
pardon from the State prison the so-called anti-rent
added to the State canvassers.
The
in
general election day
convicts, including "
Big Thunder" and
all
others
who had
the year
test-
was changed
to
the
first
Monday
November, and could

to place in
been sentenced from Columbia.
be held by adjournment from place

in
each town
The
1852,
case of
final
triumph of the anti-renters came
or
ward
In
for three days.
in
the decbion of the court of appeals in the
1842, the date of holding- general

to the
elections
was
in
De
Peystcr
vs.
Michael.
De
in
Peyster occupied the
changed
Tuesday succeeding the

to
first
Monday
position of proprietor
selaer's interest in
by reason of purchase of Van Rens-
November, and the balloting confined

last
one day.
By
this
some lands
Columbia county, from

Michael for non-perform-
act the supervisors
of the
respective counties were
which lands
it
was sought
to eject
constituted the boards of county canvassers, which system

is in
ance of certain manorial conditions.

proprietor was the
The
counsel for the
vogue at the present time.

the
Hon. Josiah Sutherland (now of

for his client.
New
case,
its
Under
Assembly of 1691,
electors
were required
to
York), who argued the case most ably
be residents of the electoral

"
district at least three
months
Without entering
it
is
at length
upon the merits of the

was unanimous
prior to the issue of the writ, and to be possessed of a free-
sufficient to say that the court
in
hold worth forty pounds.
Freemen
'
of the corporations
decision in favor of the defendant, and that
Judge Suther-
paying a rental of forty shillings per annum were also admitted to the right of suffrage.
to vote
land himself has never hesitated to declare that the decision

in the
Catholics were not allowed
De
Peyster case was a legitimate close to the anti-
nor to be elected, and Quakers and Moravians were
rent controversy in favor of the anti-renters.
at first virtually disfranchised,
and remained
so until they
46
were allowed
were required
as
to affirm. to

Under
the
first
coDStitution electors
the Quakers had in several instances freed their servants.
In
have a residence of six months, and such

in
1799 the
act for the gradual abolition of slavery in the
were freeholders of estates of twenty pounds
the
State was passed.
county, or paid a rental of forty shillings per annum, and

actually paid taxes, could vote
for
The
records of the county show
bills
of sales and deeds
representatives to the
of manumission of slaves, a few of which we here give:
Legislature.
were voters
for these
;
Freemen of New York and Albany, also, and inferior officials without the
but
to
On
for
sold to Barent
proper qualifications
cast a ballot
for governor,
Abraham Vosburgh Vander Poel a negro man named " Piet" seventy pounds New York currency. The grantor warthe 23d day of December, 1786,
title
lieutenant-governor, and senators required the possession
ranted his
against
all
in
:
Piet good, and would defend the

"
same
of a freehold worth one hundred pounds over and above

all
comers
To have and
to
hold to the said Van-
debts discharged thereon.

to
In 1811 these values were
der Poel, his heirs and assigns, the said Viet forever." Cornelius Sharp and wife gave a deed of manumission to
changed
viz.,
corresponding sums in the Federal currency,

fifty
two hundred and
dollars,
fifty dollars,
and
five
Moses Frayer and wife and

their former slaves
all
child,
and by
will
devised to
dollars.
No
discrimination was
made
against blacks
and
of
of their property, to take effect on the
mulattoes, except that they were required to produce au-
death of both Sharp and his wife.
thenticated certificates of freemen.
The
constitution
bill
of sale disposes of " one negro
girl
4 years
old,
1821 extended the
elective franchise to every
male citizen
heifer, a loom,
and 40 plank"
for fifteen
pounds.
of the age of twenty-one years, being a resident of the State
Deeds of manumission of
slaves were predicated
on their
be made
one year preceding any election, and of the town or county
ability to support themselves, proof of the

to the satisfaction of the overseers of the
same
to
where he
ofiiered to vote six
months, provided he had paid
poor of the town
taxes or was
exempt from
taxation, or
;
had performed
to
mili-
where they resided.

Further mention of
tories
tary duty, or was a fireman
and also
every such citizen
this subject will be
found
in the his-
being a resident of the State three years, and of the county
of several of the towns of the county.
one year, who had performed highway labor, or paid an

equivalent therefor during the year.
Colored persons were
COLUMBIA COUNTY POLITICS AND POLITICAL PARTIES.

Political parties, in the sense in
not voters unless possessed of a freehold of two hundred and

fifty dollars value,
which the term
is
now
were residents of the State three years,

full
understood, cannot be said to have had any existence prior

to the Revolution.
and had paid taxes on the

incumbrances thereon.
value of their estates above
During that struggle there were found

interest or a sense of duty, main-
In 1826, the elective franchise was
everywhere (and Columbia county formed no exception to

the rule)
made
free to all white
male
citizens,
without property qualire-
many who, from
fications
of any kind; that qualification, however, was In 1845, the property
tained their attachment to the crown, and upon these the
tained for colored citizens.
(|ualifi-
name of Tory was bestowed

their patriotic opponents, the
as a terra of
opprobrium by
cation required for the holding of office under the consti-
Whigs
but these terms as
tutions of the State
up
to that date w;is abrogated

in
by the
then used did not apply to or indicate organized parties.
people.
In
1846, and again
1860, propositions for
At
the close of the war, however, political lines began to be
equal sufi"rage to colored persons were rejected by the people
drawn, and we find that soon after three parties had devel-
by heavy
tion
majorities.
By
the
amendment
to the constitu-
oped themselves, of whom, and of their composition. Chancellor Livingston, in a letter written in
adopted by the people Nov. 3, 1874, " Every male

age of twenty-one years, who shall have been
January, 1784, spoke
citizen of the
as follows
for power,
"
Our parties
are,
fir.st,
the Tories,
who
still
hope
a citizen for ten days, and an inhabitant of the State one year next preceding an election, and
for
under the idea that the remembrance of the past

lost,
the
last
four
should be
though they daily keep

to
it
up by
their
months a resident of the county, and

offer his vote," is entitled to vote at
officers
for the
last thirty
avowed attachment
Whigs, who
hands.
Great Britain. Secondly, the violent
days a resident in the election district in which he
may
are for expelling the Tories from the State, in

in
such election.
Elective
hopes by that means to preserve the power
their
own
under the
first
constitution were limited to the gov-
The
third are those
who wish
social
to suppress all vio-
ernor, lieutenant-governor, senators,
and assemblymen
and
lence, to soften the rigor of the laws against the royalists,
the town
officers,
loan officers, county treasurers, and clerks
and not
to banish
them from that same time
intercourse
which
of supervisors were appointed as the Legislature provided.

All other civil and military
officei's
may by
degrees obliterate the remembrance of past mis-
were
to
be appointed
deeds, but
who
at the
are not willing to shock
by the council of appointment, unless otherwise designated

in
list
the feelings of the virtuous citizens that have at every ex-
the constitution.
Under
the second constitution, the
pense and hazard

all
fulfilled their
duty, by at once destroying

royalists,
of elective
officers
was greatly extended, and the power
distinction between
them and the
and giving
at the
of appointment of those not elective conferred on the governor.
the reins into the hands of the latter, but
who
same
In
1846, two hundred and eighty-nine
officers
is
time wish that this distinction should rather be found in

the sentiments of the
laws.''
were thus appointed.
The
list
of appointive officers
people
than
marked out by the
very limited at the present time.
The
league between the States, created by the adoption
SLAVERY IN THE COUNTY.

The
act for the
of the articles of confederation, in 1777, had been entered

in
manumission of slaves
in
the State of
into in time of public peril, as a
means of mutual
remained
in
defense,
New York
was passed
1788, but previous to that time
and so long
as the safety of the States
jeopardy

it
NEW
YORK.
47
served the" purpose of
its
creation.
It
was
really a tem-
was mistaken, and gives the whole number

the debate.
It
as sixty-seven.
porary offensive and defensive alliance, and had never been
Chancellor Livingston, as leader of the adoptionists, opened
expected to become permanent as a plan and basis of gov-
continued for three weeks, and would prob-
ernment.
In
ernment, for
articles,
had none of the attributes of a govthe Congress, as constituted under those

fact, it
ably have ended in rejection, or at least conditional adoption
of the constitution, but, in the midst of the deliberations,
was
little
more than a convention of delegates from

be recommended by them to their
news arrived of
as
it
its
ratification
by
New
Hampshire, which,
left
the several States, called together to deliberate and agree
completed the requisite number of nine States,
the
on public measures
to
question before the convention, not whether they preferred
respective Legislatures for adoption.
the old articles to the
new
constitution, but
whether they
short experience after the return of peace was suf-
would remain
affairs
in the
Union or
secede.
In this state of
ficient to
produce a universal conviction of the inadequacy
a portion of the Anti-Federalists (advised, as was
of this method, and the necessity for establishing a new

plan of government; but opinions differed widely on the
supposed, by Governor Clinton) yielded to the necessity,
and on the 26th of July
it
was, by a vote of thirty to

ratified,
question of what that plan should be; one side favoring
twenty-seven,* " Resolved, That the constitution be

ill
the mere revision of the old articles of confederation, while

the other
fall confidence that the amendments proposed by this

will
demanded the adoption of
new
constitution at
convention
he
adopted."
And
then, after
all
the
the basis of a permanent and more consolidated govern-
members had subscribed
to a circular letter to the other
ment.
The
as
advocates of the constitutional plan became

their
States, requesting their co-operation in an effort to obtain
known
Federalists,
fact,
opponents
Anti-Federalists;
the adoption of the proposed

ratification, the
amendments annexed
to their
and these were, in

the United States.
the
first
of the political parties of
convention adjourned sine die.
The
it
election in
1789
wa,s
warmly contested, and gen-
In February, 1787, Congress resolved that

dient that on the second
was expe-
erally resulted in the success of the Federalists.f
Ham-
Monday of May
following a con-
mond,
in his " History of Politic-al Parties," says
such was
vention of delegates from the several States should be held

at Pliiladelphia, for the purpose " of revising the articles of
the result in Columbia; ueveriheless, we find that
Matthew
Adgate and John Bay, two of the stanch Anti- Federal

opponents of the constitution
vious year, were
Ness,
in
confederation, and of reporting to Congress and to the several Legislatures
the convention of the pre-
such alterations and provisions as should,

Congress and confirmed by the States,
now
elected to the Assembly.
Peter
Van
when agreed
be adequate
to in
who
also as a delegate
had been unwavering
in his
to
the exigencies of government and the pres-
opposition, was elected
by the House a member of the
ervation of the Union."
council of appointment.
especial
The
election in
1790 indicated no
the people.
At
the time and place appointed the national conven-
change of
political
opinions
among
tion assembled for deliberation
upon the different
plans, of
In 1791 (Feb. 7) a division of senatorial districts was
which there were proposed,

articles
first,
the revision of the old
made,
in
which
Columbia, Rensselaer, Washington, and

district.
of confederation, of which Robert Yates and John
Clinton formed the eastern

in
The
senators elected
Lansing, of the
New York
delegation, were the
uncom-
this district in that year
were Peter Van Ness, John
promising advocates; second, the adoption of a constitution

establishing a strong and purely national government,
in
which plan Alexander Hamilton,

ginia
plan," offered
also of the
New York
delegation, was the recognized leader; and, third, the " Vir-
by Mr. Randolph, of Virginia, and
Edward Savage, Alexander Webster, and William last named being of Columbia county. The political sentiment of the county was now inclining towards Federalism, and so continued for a number of years. In 1794, Ambrose Spencer was elected to the Assembly,
Williams,
Powers, the
supposed to have been drawn by Mr. Madison, intended to

represent the people in their numerical strength, as well as
and
in
1790 he was
elected senator
by the
Federalists.
Petr Silvester (Federalist) was elected to the Senate in
the States in their sovereign capacity; this being the one

finally
1797.
In the four following years the county favored the
agreed on by the convention and recommended by
Federalists,
though the Republicans^ had been confident

1799.
In 1800 the middle district (of which
a part
in
them
to the States for their adoption.
of success
in
In this State the opposition to the new constitution was
Columbia was made

senators, viz., Daniel
1796) elected Republican
very strong and determined.
resolution
call
was passed
in
Van
itself
Ness,
John
C.
both branches of the Legislature for the
of a State con-
mon
Sutherland, Jacobus S. Bruyn, and
Hogeboom, SoloJames W. Wilkin,

eight hunfifty
;
vention in pursuance of the recommendation of Congress,
though the county
gave a majority against ihciu.
and
in the subsequent election of delegates to that conven-
The number of
votes cast for

;
Hogeboom was
tion the sole question considered
was whether the candi-
dred and forty-six
for
Van
Ness, eight hundred and
dates were for or against the adoption of the constitution.
Columbia county
Messrs.
elected the opposition, or Anti-Federalists,

-
Matthew Adgate, John Ray, and Peter Van Ness. The convention met at Poughkeepsie, and organized June
The Columbin county
delegiitioD
remained steadToft, ond opposed
the ratification io tbo final vote.

f Governor Clinton was, however, re-elected by a majority of four hundred and twenty-nine votes. Hammond says," That Governor
17, 1788, by the appointment of Governor George Clinton

as president.
liam Jay, in
total
The body was largely Anti-Federal. his " Life of John Jay," states that out
Wilof the
Clinton succeeded in this election

popularity.
off
is
a high evidence of his personal

slain,
His friends around him were

of battle in triumph."
but he himself walked
the
field
of fifty-seven delegates, forty- six were Anti- Federalists.

in his "
Hammond,
History of Political Parties," thinks Jay
X The Anti-Federalists had now become more generally known Republicans, .ind were often known as Democrats.
as
; :
48
for Sutherland, eight

hundred and eighty-eight
;
NEW
YORK.
for
Bruyn,
Jones as comptroller, and it was charged by the party which

he abandoned that his course was actuated by disappoint-
eight hundred and sixty; and for Wilkin, eight hundred
and seventy-nine.
The
elected ticket received an average
ment and resentment
that his
own
aspirations to that oflBce
plurality of thirty-one in the city of
Hudson, but
in
the
county the opposing ticket received an average plurality of one hundred and
fifty-six.
had been ignored by Governor Jay. This charge, however, was denied by him, and was branded as an aspersion and a
calumny.
At
and
the election held in that year for representative in
The maxim
that " to the victors belong the spoils," often

first
Congress,
John Bird
received in the county ten hundred
supposed to have been

later period, seems,
generally adopted at a
much
forty-five votes, against eighteen
hundred and sixty-six
however, to have been at the time of

political action
given for Henry
W.
Livingston.
The
three towns then
which we write quite as much the rule of

as at the present day.
political
embraced within the Livingston manor voted as follows

Clermont, for Livingston, one hundred
;
The most
violent denunciations of
for
Bird, none
;
opponents, too, were in common, and
wellnigh
Germantown,* Livingston, forty-two

of Livingston, for H.
Bird, none
the town
universal use, degenerating not infrequently into gross per-
W.
Livingston, five
;
hundred and
remarkable
sonal abuse, and even assault

as applied to the ruder
to
and
this
was true not only

but also
forty; for Bird, twenty-seven
showing either a remarkable

no
less
and
less cultivated classes,
unanimity of
political
opinion, or a
those occupying the very highest social and political
personal popularity enjoyed by Mr. Livingston
among
the
station.
people of his
own
section.
In this year Columbia's favorite, the gifted Elisha Williams,
was
first
elected a
election
member of
the Assembly.
In the
gubernatorial
of 1801
the county vote for the
among the varioas removals of county made (probably chiefly, if not entirely, for political reasons) by the council, of which Ambrose Spencer was then a member, was that of the clerk of Delaware county,
In the year 1801,
officers
successful candidate. Governor
George Clinton, was eleven

for his
Mr. Ebenezer Foote, an

appointment as
influential Federalist, wlio

district,
had been
hundred and twenty-six, and

Stephen
defeated opponent,
a senator from the middle

his
and who had received

This removal
Van
Rensselaer, ten hundred and thirty-five.
clerk, in
1797, from the council, of

also a
In the election for members of Assembly in 1802, Samuel
which Mr. Spencer was then
member.
Edmonds
received sixteen hundred and seventy-four votes;

fifteen
was much complained of as having been made on purely

political
Aaron Kellogg,
Silvester, sixteen
hundred and ninety-six

;
Moncricf
grounds, and, in general reply to these complaints,
Livingston, fifteen hundred and ninety-eight
and Peter
;
a writer in the
Albany
Register, signing himself "
A Friend
hundred and seventy-two votes
and these
of Justice," defended the action of the council, and charged
were elected by an average plurality of one hundred and

twenty- four over the opposing candidates.
Foote with
moval.
official
short-comings as the cause of the re-
Foote replied, denying the accusation, and charging
In 1801, Elisha Jenkins, of Hudson, was made comptroller.

alist in
Mr. Spencer with being himself the author of the publication,
He
had formerly been known
as a leading
Feder-
and with base and unworthy behavior
as a
member of
he
the county, but had transferred his allegiance to the
the council and as a public man.
Spencer retorted that he

article in qusstion until
Republicans, in 1798, with
Ambrose Spencer,
" It
Is
to
whom
it
had not known nor heard of the saw

it
was said he owed

to
this appointment.
not derogatory
in print;
and as
to
the matter of Foote's removal,

to the public,
Mr. Jenkins," says Hammond, "
to say that
he was far
he added, "
as, in
It
was an act of justice
inasmuch
inferior to the person in order to
(John V. Henry) who was removed
removing you, the veriest hypocrite and the most

villain in the State
make a
place for him."
malignant
was deprived of the power of

If,
Mr. Spencer was appointed attorney-general of the State

in
perpetrating
interests
mischief.
...
as
you insinuate, your

affêcted,
1802.
He
was a leader and a power
in politics.
At
have by your removal been materially
first
he was a stanch Federalist, and as such had been
then,
sir, like
many men more
honest than yourself, earn
elected first to the Assembly, in 1794, then to the Senate,
your bread by the sweat of your brow."
Even
as "
the great
but changed sides during the

1798.
latter part
of the session of
De Witt
onel
Clinton, in speaking of a political adversary (Col-
This was not long after the appointment of Mr.

In
scoundrel,
^ Similar results were often shown in the vote of Germantown.
1801
it
John Swartwout), stigmatized him and a villiiin." f
liar,
gave Uezekiab L. Hosmer,
for
Congressman, forty-six
it
votes,
It
was rather an unusual thing, however, even
in those
and
bis
opponent none.
In the same year
gave Van Rensselaer,

one vote;
times, for gentlemen like
Ambrose Spencer and De Witt

in
for governor, sixty-five votes,
and
his antagonist, Clinton,
Clinton to express their opinions

as
terms quite as violent

to
the Federal Senatorial ticket in the same election receiving sixty-five

votes, with
the above.
Although the sentiments
which they
none opposing.
In 1804
In 1802 the vote of the town for repre-
sentative in Congress stood fifty-nine for Livingston to three for P.
John
t This choice l.inguage occasioned a duel between the parties.
Van Ness.
it
gave Burr,
for governor, fifty-eight votes,
and Morgan Lewis,

election of governor
for the
(
same
office,
four votes; but in the next
1807) Lewis received the lion's share,
seventyhis
six votes, against one solitary vote given for his
opponent, D, D.
Tompkins.
In 1810 the town gave Piatt, for governor, seventy-eight
votes, against four for
Tompkins
in 1813,
Tompkins held
own
in
Swartwout demanded an apology or recantation; Clinton replied that be (Swartwout) bad charged him with opposing Aaron Burr from base motives, and that he had used the offensive language solely If that were withdrawn he (Clinton) in reference to that charge. would recant or apologize. Swartwout would not withdraw, and so
they fought. Clinton said he was fighting a man against whom he had no personal enmity, but nevertheless he fired five shots at him and two of these having taken effect, the surgeons interposed and prevented further hostilities, though contrary to Ihe expressed wish
;
the town, receiving four votes, to eighty-six cast for his competitor,
Van
Rensselaer.
In 1816, Rufus
King received
seventy-five,
and
Tompkins' supporters bad increased

antagonist,
to nine; but in
1820 Tompkins
received but six votes in the town, against eighty-five cast for his
De Witt
Clinton.
of
Swartwout.

gave utterance were by no means considered extreme
the political circles of that day, yet
for
it
NEW
YORK.
and were supported and applauded
parties.
49
in
most
bitterly hostile,
in
was not uncommon

to
their vituperation
by their respective
men of
equal
education and approximate position
men of
from
"
the language employed in their

its
As a speciarticles, we quote
antagonists:
express similar opinions in phrases less abrupt, if no less

forcible.
Of such
character were the contents of a pamphlet
Wasp a reference to With them vice and virtue

the
rc(|uires.
political
are convertible term-s, as
published in 1802, and bearing the fictitious signature of

Aristides.
party interest
Yes, in this combination
may
be
This, discarding coarse vituperation, assailed in
seen in miniature the conspiracy of a Cataline, and although

I have not TuUy's powers of elocution, yet ere long I will
lash the rascals with plain facts,
polished terms, but with unrelenting bitterness, the private
character as well as the public actions of nearly
all
the
and by a just exposition of
prominent men of the Republican party.

son,
flood
Upon Dr.
it
Tillot-
their conduct I will
make
those pactitious scoundrels feel
and the Livingston family
in general,
showered a
the just resentment of a just people; and if their callous

souls are not impervious to the keenest remorse, they will
fly
of the most unsparing denunciation, as being dis-
honest, false, venal, and governed by the

" Rem,
Si poasifl recte, si non,
maxim,
rem,
the sight of honest men, and, like Nyctimcne, bewail
their fall in the dark."

fiicias
qaoqae modo, rem."
In 1803, Mr. Croswell, the Federalist editor, made a

Jeflferson, for which he was indicted by the grand Jury of the county. He was tried in February, 1804, and found guilty under the then
most violent attack on President
" But," says
Hammond,
" the vials of his wrath, the dregs
of his gall and bitterness, seem to have been reserved to be
poured on the heads of

Spencer.
De Witt
Clinton
and Ambrose
vile,
existing law, though he was defended by no less a lawyer
He
charges them with everything
everyis
than Alexander Hamilton.
thing mean and malignant.
William P. Van Ness

It
is
now
Mr.
These
end
in
political controversies
did not in tho.se days always
the admitted author of this production.

great talent.
written with
mere words.
Mr. Holt, of the Bee, had upon one
As
political writer, its style renders

;
occasion printed an article which was extremely severe on
Van Ness
unrivaled since the days of Junius

it
and yet
Elisha Williams, who, becoming furious in consequence,

laid in wait for
every sentence and line of
seems
to
have been written

in
Mr. Holt (having
first
taken the precaution
with such intense hate and malice boiling

that no
his bosom,
of posting several of his political friends within supporting

distance),
man who
possesses the least portion of the milk of
and upon the appearance of the

;
editor assaulted
itself,
human
kindness would consent to enjoy the reputation for

is
and knocked him down

so from the fact that
an act disgraceful enough in
genius and talent to which the author

possession of that reputation
entitled, if the
considering the high position of the perpetrator, and doubly
must of
necessity be connected
aflfords
Mr. Williams, who was himself

it
man
with the evidence which this pamphlet
of the ex-
of powerful frame, thought
necessary to provide rein-
treme malignity of the heart of the writer."
forcements in advance when going to waylay a
man who
But
brilliant
these
comments bear much too severely on the

Ness.
was not only naturally

cripple.
feeble
and
slight,
but was also a
Van
weapon so sharp
as
was the keen
blade of his satire has ever proved
too dangerous to be
In those early times the bank question seems

a political one.
to
to
have been
wielded by
fallible
human
nature, and in this case

;
we
find
The few banks then
in existence appear
no exception
to this
universal rule
but, in extenuation,
have been originated and used as party machines, and
may
be urged the weighty plea of the general custom and
the chartering of
new ones was not only made a party

by bribery and
cor-
practice of those political times,

attacks,
also be
which countenanced such

assault.
question, but was often accompanied
and even tolerated physical

borne
in
mind that
at that time
And it should Mr. Van Ness was
ruption to an extent comparatively as great as that to which

the same agents are employed at the present day in the
naturally in a state of exasperation at the extremely severe
securing of legislative favors to financial projects.
accusations
against
however well founded which had been made

personal friend,
Up
to the year
1799 there were

system seemed
in
the State of
New
his
Aaron Burr,
in
political
York but
three banks, and the people thought this

for the
to
pamphlet then recently published.

cation of Aristides.
This pamphlet was
was too great,
them
too
number much like

fathers,
almost as bitter, though by no means as able, as the publi-
that of the old Continental paper money, the evils of which

all
either recollected or
had heard of from their

too, carried
The newspapers of
that time were generally violently
and the name of bank,

chartered combination
interests of the poor.
with
it
the idea of a
against
partisan in character, and teemed with the gros.sest personal
of the
money power
the
abuse of political opponents.

lisher of a
Mr. Charles Holt, the pub-
The
three banks in existence were
Republican paper called the Bee, at
New Haven,
his paper
the
Bank
of
New
York, the Bunk of Albany, and the Bank
Conn.,
who had been
convicted, fined, and imprisoned for

in
of Columbia, at
Hudson
all
in
the
liapd.s,
or under the
sedition in 1799,
at
removed
1802 and established
influence, of Federalists.
Hudson by
invitation
from the Republicans of Columbia.
That Columbia county had been able

self
to secure for her-
"
On
ler,
the appearance of the Bee in Hudson," says Mr. Milin his " Historical Sketches," "a small paper, less than
one of these coveted charters at that early day, and in
spite of the strong popular prejudice against them,
shows
in-
a letter-sheet in size, was issued from the ofiBce of
Mr.
clearly
upon what a commanding position of
political
Croswell
[who was
the editor and publisher of the

. . .
Hudson
fluence
among
the counties of the State (inferior only to
Balance^ called the Wasp,

stung with personal abuse."
and both Wasp and Bee

political opponents,
New York
and Albany) she had been placed by the num-
They were
ber and transcendent abilities of her leadiuar men.
50

In the year above mentioned the Legislature was peti-
NEW
YORK.
it
surplus to be placed where

the project,
tioned to incorporate
plying the city
The Manhattan Company, for "supof New York with pure and wholesome
which had been made
in
among
would do the most good

Lsgislature.
to
the
membsrs of the
Two
in
differing statements
have been made of the manner
water
;"
an object which seemed to be a most laudable one,
especially in view of the ravages
the city by the then recent visitation of the yellow fever.
Both agree that it was distributed among Republican members exclusively, and that it was guaranteed that its price would be above par but
this
;
which
stock fund was used.
This plausible scheme found favor with the unsuspecting

legislators,
last
they
differ,
in
that by one
account
it
is
made
to
appear
and the desired charter was granted during the
that the distribution
was only made among such Republiit
days of the session of 1799.
As
it
was uncertain what two
cans as voted for the charter, and by the other, that

placed with
all
was
the
amount might be required

bility that this
for the project, a capital of
Republican members, without regard

voting.
It
is
to
million dollars was authorized, and, in view of the possi-
sum might more than cover the outlay, it was provided that "the surplus capital may be employed in
manner of their was the course
most probable that the
latter
actually
pursued, but in either case the
intent and the result would be the same, for any
member
fail
any way not inconsistent with the laws and constitution of

the United States, or of the State of not long after the close of the session
in this seemingly insignificant clause
it
who would
accept the more direct proposal would not
New
York."
But
to see that the value of his stock
depended wholly on the
was discovered that
granting of the charter, and would then vote in accordance with his
was contained a grant
own
interest.
of banking privileges to Aaron Burr and his Republican

associates,
Bills to incorporate the
Merchants'
Bank
of
New York
who had
thus secured by indirection what they

to obtain otherwise, viz.,
knew
it
was impossible
an
offset to
and the Mercantile Company of Albany failed to pass. It was alleged by the friends of those projects that it had been
agreed between them and the promoters of the State
the power wielded in the interest of the Federalists by the
Bank
Bank
of
New
York.
Hon. Ambrose Spencer, of Columbia,

in
that mutual support should be given to secure the passage
was soon afterwards largely interested
the Manhattan
of the three
bills,
but that when
the
State
Bank had
banking concern.
first
Whether he was
it
so interested from the
secured their own object they forget the agreement, and

not only failed to assist but secretly opposed them.
we
are unable to say, but
appears more than proba-
ble.
The Merchants' Bank was

project of the
again before the Legislature
Then came the

which
State
Bank
at Albany,
in 1804, but with no better result.
In 1805 they made a

It
wa.s chartered in
1803.
The
petition
was signed by
third and determined effort for a charter.

as
.1
was regarded
Ambrose Spencer, John

Tillotson,
Taylor, Elisha Jenkins,
Thomas
usual,
Federal measure, and was strongly opposed by the Rel.ead
and others
Columbia county being,
as
publicans, under
cer.
of
De Witt
Clinton and
in
Judge Spenhad
well in the foreground.
No
concealment was here made of
Its
most powerful champion
the
Assembly was
the fact that this was a measure urged in the Republican

interest, for it
William
W. Van
Ness, of Columbia, who, although he

first
was alleged
in the petition that not only did
then just made his
appearance
in
that body, was the
the trade and commerce of the capital city require another
recognized Federal leader.
The
to
was owned
The
bank, but that the thcn-exLsting bank
the Bank of Albany

its
opposition was overcome,
and the bank received
its
charter.
by Federalists, and that
power was used
These matters are referred

ing the
more
at length, as
show-
oppressively against business
men who were members of the

banking
commanding
political
position held by
Columbia
Republican party.
petitioners also asked that, in addition to
county, by reason of the eminent abilities of her public
men.
privileges, they
salt springs for
might receive a grant or

a long term,
lease of the Salina
say
The
political
power possessed by Judge Spencer, not only
sixty years,
at an annual
while he remained a
member of the
council of appointment,
rent to be paid by
lars
them
to the State
of three thousand dol-
but for years afterwards, seems most remarkable, as well in

the great influence which be wielded in the making of ap-
during
the. first ten years, three
thousand
five
hundred
dollars
during a second term of equal length, and four thousand dollars yearly thereafter the company to be bound
;
pointments as
over
in the control
which he habitually exercised

In
men and measures

this,
all officers,
within the lines of his party.

says, " It
sheriffs,
to furnish,
and have always ready

salt, at
for
sale
at Salina, mer-
explaining
that
Hammond
including
must be borne
in
mind
and
chantable
bushel.
a price
not exceeding five shillings per
clerks of counties,
It is
not probable that any
among
its
advocates or
justices of the peace, were appointed by the council at Al-
opponents realized the enormous value of the concession

aaked
for,
bany.
ual
The appointment of justices

central
all
conferred a more effect-
but there were not lacking those

to
who
felt
that
it
means on the
power of influencing the mass of

the other patronage within the gift
control over these officers carried
was too extravagant

vision of the bill
be granted, and as a result this pro-
the
community than
was
finally stricken out.*
of the government.
The
This occasion seems
to
have marked the commencement
the influence of the central power into every town and even the most obscure neighborhood in the State.
of the system of bribery (to use a plain term) which has

since that time
... By some
grown
to
such alarming proportions.
In the
such means Judge Spencer acquired and possessed great
marking out of the scheme, and before the petition, was presented, the members of the company had agreed on an
allotment of stock
power
in
crealing yearly the appointing power, and the
ability to create generally carries

trol
with
it
the ability to conas in-
among
themselves, and had reserved a
the thing created.
must not be understood
tending to represent or even to insinuate that Judge Spencer

Vide Ilammond, vol,
i.
p.
329.
yielded
his assent to
any measure or the support of any
' ;

man when he
prejudice
believed or suspected that such assent would
interests of the public.
NEW YORK.
W. Van
at
51
of this election being known, William

to his friend,
Ness wrote
substantially the great

it.
Solomon Van Ransselaer,

:
Albany, in a ju-
Far from
On
the contrary, I believe

;
him
to
have been
bilant strain, as follows
honest and patriotic in his views
but I believe he looked
"Ci.AVERACK, 30th April, 1S08.
on these matters as mere personal questions, and thought
he had a right
to
pursue a course calculated
to
advance his
"Dear Sin, Federalism has triumphed most gloriously in county. We have at least 000 majority 200 more than we ever
:
this
had.
own views and

patible with
interest
when
that interest was not incom.

. .
the public
good.
Judge Spencer was

bold,
truly a great
man
it.
but he was not only fond of power, but
is faithful we shiill carry both our members of communicate this to our friend, Abraham Van Vechtcn. Let somebody write us about members of Congress, ic.^ ic, in Rensselaer and Washington counties as soon as possible."
If Rensselaer
County
to
Congress.
Hasten
of exercising
He was
industrious,
enterprising,
and persevering. he was a
To these qualities it may be added that man of commanding intellect, and one of the
to the
successful candidate for governor, viz.

kins,
In 1810 the county again gave a majority against the for D. D. Tomp:
ablest judges, if not the ablest judge, in the United States.'
sixteen
hundred and fourteen

;
for
Jonas
Piatt,
He
was appointed
fill
bench of the Supreme Court

to that
twenty one hundred and thirty-four
Piatt's plurality, five
Feb. 3, 1804, to
tion of
the vacancy occasioned by the resigna-
Judge
RadcliflF.
In reference
is
appointment
kins,
hundred and twenty. The vote of Hudson stood Tomptwo hundred and thirty-nine; Piatt, three hundred
three.
Hammond
remarks, " It
somewhat singular coincidence
and
The
gubernatorial contest in
the county in
that William
W. Van
Ness, then a
young lawyer and

office
zealous Federalist, of Columbia county, afterwards a judge
of the Supreme Court, was removed from the
of sur-
hundred and seventynine for Stephen Van Rensselaer, against twelve hundred and sixty-four for Governor Tompkins, who was re-
1813
resulted in a vote of seventeen
rogate of the county of Columbia for political
reasons by
elected.
the same council and at the same time that Mr. Spencer
In 1812, Columbia's most distinguished son, Martin
Van
was appointed a judge.
Did
either one or the other antici-
Buren. was elected

ance in the
to the Senate,
political
and made
his first appear-
pate what would be their
official, social,
and
political rela-
New York
arena at the
November
tions for several years succeeding the'year
1818?"
to be a citizen
session in that year.

Hostilities against
Upon
his elevation to the

to
supreme bench. Judge Spencer
Great Britain had been declared by
removed his residence

of Columbia county.
Albany, and ceased
Congress on the 20th of the preceding June, and the war question had now become almost the only one which divided political parties.
the ground that
rate that
In 1804 the county gave a majority for the defeated

gubernatorial candidate.
follows
:
Colonel Burr, the vote being as
The Federals opposed the war on we had no cause for declaring it, or at any
Aaron Burr, twelve hundred and ninety-one

;
Moi'gan Lewis, eleven hundred and sixty-two

Burr, one hundred and twenty-nine.
plurality fur
there was much greater cause for war against France than against England, and that had war been declared against the former country, all our difficulties with
In this year William
W. Van
Ness, Moncrief Livingston,
the latter would have been removed.
Others believed that
Peter Silvester, and Jason Warner, Federalists, were elected

to the
Assembly by an average
plurality of
;
two hundred
Ne.ss,
the government had rushed into hostilities prematurely, and before the nation was prepared for their proper prosecution
;
and eighty votes over their opponents
Mr. Van
who
of
had three months previously been removed from the

surrogate, running considerably ahead of his ticket.
his
first
office
lieved that the
but a large majority of the Republican party bewar was a just oile, and that the proper
He made
time had
amved
for its declaration.
appearance
in
the Legislature at the special session

for the election of
called in
November, 1804,
in
United States
senator and presidential electors.
At
the regular session,
Mr. Van Buren supported the war, and measures for its vigorous prosecution were warmly and powerfully advocated by him in the Senate, but were no less vigorously and ably
opposed by Elisha Williams and Jacob
selaer in
convened
January, 1805, he at once, and by general assent,

in the
Van Rutsen Rens-
assumed the leadership of the Federalist party

bly, and, as
Assem-
the Assembly.
Frequent conferences became
we have
seen, achieved a notable success in his
necessary on account of the collisions which constantly oc-
advocacy of the charter of the Merchants' Bank.
This may
be regarded as the commencement of his short but surpassingly brilliant public career.
curred between the Federalist House and the Republican " In these conferences," says Holland, in his life Senate.
of the statesman, " the measures in dispute were publicly discussed, and the discussion embraced the general policy of
The
lows
for
:
vote of the county in 1807 for governor was as

for Daniel
fol;
D. Tompkins, thirteen hundred and six

fifteen
Morgan Lewis,
hundred and
in
six
being a
The the administration and the expediency of the war. exciting nature of the questions thus debated, the solemnity
of the occasion, the discussions being conducted in the presence of the two houses, and the brilliant talents of the
parties to the controversy, drew vast audiences, and presented a field for the display of eloquence unsurpassed in dignity and interest by the assemblies of ancient Greece.
plurality of
two hundred
favor of
the
unsuccessful
candidate.
The
and eighty,
votes.
Hudson gave Lewis one hundred and Tompkins one hundred and eighty-six
city of
In this year Hon.
W. W. Van
Ness was elevated to the
supreme bench, and Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer soon

after
Mr. Van Buren was always the leading speaker on the part
of the Senate, and by the vigor of his logic, his acuteness and dexterity in debate, and the patriotic spirit of his senti-
became one of the Federalist leaders

a period of ten years.
in
the lower
in
house.
In 1808 the Federalists achieved a triumph

fii'st
the
State, the
in
Upon
the result
ments,
commanded
groat applause."

Mr. Van Buren was appoiated attorney-general
and
in tlie following
NEW
YORK.
for
all
in
1815,
Clinton, thirteen
thirty-four.
hundred and thirty-one;
others,
year was re-elected to the Senate for a
This result merely showed that the Bucktails

as,
term of four years.
In the election of 1816 the county

the unsuccessful candidate for
permitted the election to go for Clinton by default,

received by
not-
again gave a majority to

governor, the
withstanding the apparent unanimity, the number of votes
number received by Governor Tompkins

fifleen
him was considerably
less
than one-half the

in
being twelve hundred and eighty-nine against

dred and sixty-one for Rufus King,
hun-
number
year.
polled for
King and Tompkins
the preceding
plurality of two
hundred and seventy-two
votes.
In 1820 the county went with the majority

giving
Clinton
sixteen
in the State,
Upon
the question of the nomination for governor in
hundred and eighty-nine
votes,
1817, the Republican (or Democratic) party seemed hopelessly divided,
against twelve hundred and" sixty-four cast for his opponent, D. D.
one faction favoring and the other opposing
Tompkins.
the nomination of
De
AVitt Clinton.
little
large majority of
On
the question of calling the convention of 1821 for
the Federalists, having
hope
for the success
of a can-
revising the State con.stitution, the vote of the county was

as follows
:
didate of their own, d&sired and labored for the nomination
for the convention,

;
two thousand two hundred
of Clinton.
to
"
Among
those most active in their endeavors
and
thirty-five
against the convention, two thousand and

delegates in that body were Eli-
produce this determination of the party," says

Piatt,
Ham-
twenty-five.
The county
mond, " were Judges Van Ness and
Jacob Rutscn
sha Williams, William
W. Van
Ness, Francis Silvester, and
Van
Rensselaer, Elisha Williams, and generally the lead-
Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer.|

(given in January, 1822,) was:
On
the question of the
ing Federalists of the city of
Now
York.
The ardent
adoption of the revised constitution, the vote of the county

for adoption, seventeen
temperament of Judge Van Ness and some other Federalists
would not permit them
to
remain neutral on the questhen agitated
hundred and eighty-eight; against adoption, two thousand

three hundred and forty-four.
for,
tion respecting the
nomination
among
the
Germantown gave
four votes
Republicans."
and one hundred and seven
against, adoption.
The
The
opposition to Clinton within the ranks of the Re-
majority in the State for the constitution was thirty-three
publican party came chiefly from the
Tammany
named
Hall branch,
the Bucktail
thousand nine hundred and twenty-five.

In the election of 1824 the vote of Columbia for governor was as follows
:
which Mr. Clinton himself,

society
in derision,
party, from the fact that a leading order of the
Tammany
for
De Witt
Clinton, three thousand
upon certain occnsions wore
a part of the tail of a
and eighty-three
ninety-five.
for
Samuel Young, two thousand and

stood politically with the
deer in their hats.*
This designation came to be generally
The county now

six.
applied to their adherents throughout the State, as well as

in
State, Clinton being elected
by a majority of sixteen thou-
New York
city,
and thus originated the name of a party

for a
sand nine hundred and
which flourished
following
number of
years,
and which was
In this campaign, the anti-Clintonians were divided into
celebrated by Fitz-Greene Halleck in verse, of which the

is
two factions or
parties, the division
being mainly on the

;
a specimen
question of the electoral law and the presidential succession

forgot,
all,
" That beer
But
oft,
and those Bucktails I'll never when alooe and unnoticed by

still
one favoring, and the other opposing, the election of Mr.

Crawford.
The
latter styled
themselves the People's party,
I think
is
the porter-cask foaming there yet?
being
Hall?"
in
favor of the election of presidential electors

;
by
Are the Buoktails
swigging at
Tammany
the people
and they designated their Democratic oppo-
One
of the principal leaders of the party was Mr.
Van
nents as the Regency party.

sented
Buren, and.Columbia became known as one of the Bucktail

counties of the State as regarded general political questions.
though notstrongly
to
The
in
People's party was repre-
Columbia county, and Hon.

recognized leaders.
Clinton,
Joseph D. Monell, Hon. Ambrose L. Jordan, and Captain
The
Cliiitonians,
however, polled nearly the entire vote of
Alexander CoflBn were among

vote
its
Its
the county for governor in 18I7,t the figures being, for

what the Indian missionary. Hcckewelder (most excellent authority in all Indian matters), says of the chief Tamanend, or Tammany, and the origin of the society which bears his name: " He was a Delaware chief who never had his equal. The fame of
is
was given chiefly

all.
Mr.
though
many
declined to vote at
^Tbis
"
The
People's party, in the winter of 1824, had deter-
mined
to support Colonel
Young
as their candidate for
governor.
Several caucuses were held by the
members of
this great
man extended even among
the whiles,
who
fabricated vari-
the Legislature belonging to that party.
In these caucuses
OQS legends respecting him, which I never heard, however, from the moulh of an Indian, and therefore believe them to be fabulous. Jn
the Revolijtionary
John Cramer, Henry Wheaton, and Joseph D. Monell, of

Columbia county, were the most
pose of nominating a governor.
active.
It
war
was
finally
his enthnsiaslic admirers
dubbed him a
saint,
and he was established under the name of St. Tammany, Ihe patron saint of America. His name was inserted in some calendars, and
bis festival celebrated on the first
agreed that a State convention should be called for the pur-
The
person
who should
was well un-
day a numerous society of
his
day of May in every year. On that votaries walked together in procession
draw the address

lature
to be signed
call
by the members of the Legisit
through the streets of Philadelphia, their hats decorated with bucktails, and proceeded to a handsome rural place out of lon, which they called the icijiram ; where, after a long talk or Indian speech
making the
was appointed, and

to
derstood that Mr.

governor.
Young was
also
be put
in
nomination for
They
agreed to establish a newspaper in
had been delivered, and the calumet of peace and friendship had been duly smoked, they fpcnt the day in festivity and mirth."
'
Albany
in
opposition to the regency, and Allen
Jordan,
t A gubernatorial election was held in 1817, on account of Governor Tompkins having been elected vice-president of the United
States.
afterwards mayor of the city of Hudson, was to have been

X
Mr. Van Buren was a leading member of that convention, as a
delegate from Otsego,

the editor.
to
NEW
Its
YORK.
in
53
In case the party should be successful,- he was
Federalists.
most prominent member
Columbia
be
made
bers of this
paratus for
So ardent were the memassociation, that some part of the printing apthe new paper was actually purchased, when
State printer.
county was Elisha Williams, who, with Killian Miller, were

then
among
its
leaders in the Assembly.

party,'
Ambrose L. Jor-
dan was a supporter of this
and was known as an
the nomination of Colonel
Young by
vol.
ii.
the Regency party
disconcerted their schemes, and, for a time, paralyzed their

exertions."
(
Adams Democrat. So also was Captain Alexander Coffin, of Hudson, who was made pre.sident of the Adams State
convention, held at Albany on the lOlh of June in that
year.
Vide
Hammond,
p.
156.)
Upon
follows
popular questions submitted to the people in the
Aaron Vanderpoel, who had been

as a Clintonian in
elected
to
the
two succeeding years the vote of Columbia was given as

1825.
Assembly
1825, was now an adherent of
the Jackson party.
For
ticket
election of presidential electors

;
by
districts,
The
result of the election of
1828 was
a plurality of
one
sixteen hundred and seventy-seven
for their election
on
hundred and thirty-six votes against Mr. Van Buren

native county,
in his
five
general
by
plurality,
two thousand eight hundred
viz.,
for
Thompson, three thousand

and
for
and seventy.
1826.
hundred and sixty-one; for Van Buren, three thousand

election
For
of justices of the peace, and for
four hundred and twenty-five
Solomon Southwick
the extension of the elective franchise, three thousand nine
(Anti-Mason), eighty.
result,
This seems like rather a remarkable

placed Columbia again in her old
hundred and twenty-three;

sitions, nine;
for
election
;
of justices, and
except that
it
against extending the franchise, eight
against both propo-
position on the side of the defeated candidates.
against the election of justices, and in favor
In 1829 the county again became Democratic, electing

to the
of extension of franchise, three.
Assembly Messrs. A. Vanderpoel (formerly Clintoand Jonathan Lapham by an average

of seven
ticket.
The county
Clinton,
vote of 1826 stood

five
for governor,
De Witt
William
;
nian), Oliver Wiswall.
two thousand
hundred and
fifty-two
plurality
hundred and seventy-seven over the
B. Rochester, two thousand four hundred and ten

ter being the Bucktail candidate.
the
lat-
opposing
That party was then
in
In the election of 1830, Columbia gave to Enos T. Throop,

the
a state of splendid discipline, and carried both branches of
Democratic candidate for governor, three thousand
the Legislature, though Mr. Clinton's great personal popularity
three hundred and eighty-four votes, against two thousand

five
made him
his
first
governor.
In this year Aaron Vanderpoel
hundred and eleven

time
for Francis Granger, the Anti-
made
appearance in the Assembly, to which he had

of 1825, as a Clintonian.
Masonic candidate.
at this
first
John W. Edmonds (Jacksonian) was

and
in the follow-
been elected
in the fall
elected to the Assembly,
On
the 17th of July, 1827, a convention of protectionists

at Albany.
ing year was raised to the Senate, by a plurality of eight
was held
This convention asserted
in strong
hundred and
fifty-one votes over the opposing candidate.
terms the power and the duty of Congress to pass laws for
the protection of
The Anti-Masonic
in
vote of the county was largely increased
home manufactures, and

this
for the encourage-
the election of 1832, Francis Granger receiving three
ment of the wool-growing industry of the country.

the prominent
Among
Ren.s-
thousand six hundred and eighty-eight votes for governor,

against three thousand nine
men who composed
body were Elisha
hundred and
fifty-three
given for
Williams, James Vanderpoel, and Jacob Rutsen

selaer, delegates
Van
Wm.
and
L. Marcy, the Democratic candidate.
The Jackson
hundred
from Columbia county.

party,
presidential electors received three thousand nine

its
The Anti-Masonic
which had
origin
in
the
sixty-five votes, against three
thousand six hundred and
mysterious incident of the abduction or disappearance of
eighty-two given for the opposing ticket,
majority of
William Morgan from Genesee county

first
in
September, 1826,
it
two hundred and eighty-three.
appeared as a political power
in
1827, when
devel-
About
this time
the Anti-Masonic party went out of

its
oped
ties
sufficient strength to carry the elections in tlie
coun-
existence, having accomplished
object, the
overthrow
of Genesee, Monroe, Livingston, Orleans, and Niagara

the face of the Bucktail and
in
Adams
own
organizations,
of Freemasonry, or at least the extinction of nearly every
Masonic lodge
in
the State.
Upon
the ruins of this and
result
tion,
which astonished even
its
adherents.
Its opera-
the National Republican party arose the

first
Whig party, whose

H. Seward,*
in
however, was as yet confined chiefly to the western
gubernatorial candidate was William
portion of the State.
the election of 1834.
In that election Columbia gave him
The
Clintonian party ceased to exist in 1828, in conseleader.
three thousand eight hundred and sixty-four votes, against
quence of the death of their

February
1 1
Governor Clinton,
four thousand one hundred
and
fifty
for
W.
L. Marcy,
in that year.
first
Democrat.
Among
the scattering votes given in that year

for
The
" Jackson party," which
became generally known
were one for Henry Clay for governor, and one
John
C.
as such in
1828, was made up from the old Bucktail party,
Calhoun
for lieutenant-governor.
In 1833 one vote had
a portion of the Clintonians, and a majority of the adher-
been given for
ing Masons,
who sought
party
in
this shelter
from the unsparing
In 1836, Mr.
Andrew Jackson for member of Assembly. Van Buren received in his own county
proscription of the Anti-Masonic party.
And
stood
at the
head
three thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven votes for the

office
of the Jackson
New York
Martin Van
of President, the vote given fur the Harrison electors
Buren,
its
candidate for governor.
being three thousand and fifty-one.
For governor, Marcy
Its antagonist
was the National Republican or

in
Adams
In
- Mr. Seward had been first elected to the Senate, Anti-Masonic party in the seventh district.
party,
whose candidate
1828 was Smith Thompson.
in 1S30,
by the
this party
were found the greater portion of the former
54
received
against
UISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY,

three thousand seven hundred and forty-three, three
NEW
YORK.
is
of remarkable power, which
yet well remembered and
thousand and
tlie
eighty-six
for
Jesse
Buel,
often mentioned by the older residents' of the county.
Whig.
In
1838
vote of the county for
governor
In 1839 the question of the election of mayors by the

people was submitted to the electors of the county, result-
stood four thousand and sixty-eight for Marcy, and four
thousand and eleven

It
for
Seward, the successful candidate.
ing in a vote of four thousand seven hundred

against the proposition.
for,
and three
was during the exciting campaign of that year that a
name which has since become as familiar as a household word the name of Samuel J. Tilden was first heard as
In the memorable presidential contest of 1840 the county
was Democratic, though not strongly

votes given for the
so,
the
number of
thousand
that of a champion in the political arena.
He
was
at that
Van Buren
electors being four
time a law-student, and but twenty-four years of age.
The.
four hundred and seventy-eight, as against four thousand
circumstances of his appearance upon the rostrum in the
two hundred and ninety for the Harrison

of one hundred and eighty-eight.
ticket,
plurality
neighborhood of his birthplace were as follows

P. Talmadge, then a
Nathaniel
For governor, William hundred

forty-five
member
of the United States Senate,
C. Bouck, Democrat, received four thousand five
having separated himself from the Democratic party and

joined the Whigs, had been announced to speak
bia couuty
in
and seventeen
votes, against four
thousand two hundred and
Columwas
seventy-two cast for Seward,

plurality.
two hundred and
upon the
issues of the
day and
in opposition to
it
There were
five
anti-slavery votes cast in this
the financial policy of President

the hope of the
Van Buren, and
election, these being the first of that political
complexion
Whig
projectors of the meeting that
many
cast in the county.
of the wavering voters in this county might be converted

to It
The
ful
first
reference to the existence of an anti-slavery

is
Whig principles by
was
the powerful reasoning of the senator.
sentiment in Columbia county
an account of an unsuccessin the city
especially for the benefit of these doubtful ones that

;
attempt to hold a meeting of that description
the meeting was held
but although the attendance

de.ired,
of
of
Hudson
in
November, 1835.
Two and
a half years later

in
pronounced Democrats was not

notification
yet the word of
(April 26, 1838), a large anti-slavery meeting was held

Baptist church in the
the
had been passed along their
line,
and they were
same
city,
and was " addressed by
present in large numbers.
James G. Birncy,
progress he particularly empha-
late a slaveholder in
Kentucky," and H.
The
address of Mr. Talmadge was a most forcible and

its
it
B. Stanton, both these gentlemen then being secretaries of

the National Anti-Slavery Society, and Jlr. Birney being
eloquent one, and during

sized the assertion that
was not he nor the

and
Whig
party
it
afterwards the candidate of the Liberty party for President
who had changed

faith
their position
principles, but that
of the United States.
was the Democratic party who had abandoned

and
traditions.
their political
At
tain
that meeting (the call for which was headed by Cap-
The address and
the argument were
Alexander
Coffin,
Rev. John Lester, and Nathaniel
most
able, and,
when the speaker
closed,
one of the
Whig
Pinne) the Columbia County Anti-Slavery Society was formed and organized by
officers,
loaders oflered a resolution, which passed without opposition, inviting a reply
the
choice
of
the
;
following
from any Democratic speaker present
viz.
President,
Henry
P. Skinner
Vice-Presi-
who might
be so disposed.
in
The young Democrats, who

hall,
dents, Rev. Charles Lester,
Alexander Coffin (then ninetyPrink, Dr.

Esselstyn, and
were mostly gathered
the rear of the
regarded this
eight years of age). Rev. Peter
Dorr,
as a challenge, and shouted loudly for Tilden, who, per-
Harvey Gott, Martin Beebe, Charles

iel
Dan-
haps by premeditation, was
near at hand, and promptly
Baldwin
Corresponding Secretary, Silas Stone; Record-
took the stand just vacated by the senator.
ing Secretary, S. S.
Hathaway
Treasurer, H. D.
Humphrey
It appears,
After discussing the main question of the controversy,
Executive Committee, Rev. Seth Ewer, Eli Mosier, Thomas

Marshall, Josiah St. John, and
I.
he adverted especially
w:is the
to
Mr. Talmadge's statement that
it
V. Bassett.
Democrats who had changed position while he himconsistent.
however, that the society never accomplished any result in

the
self
had remained
By way
of testing the truth

platform,
that had
influencing of votes in this

cast for a candidate
county, for the. highest
of this declaration he turned to the
and addressing each

changed,
in
turn,
Whigs on the asked who it was
number ever
was
less
than the number
of original officers of the society.
whether
it
was themselves or the
.senator
who
Columbia's vote
for
governor
in
1842 was,
for
Wm.
C.
had been opposed

but was now their
to
them
in
the late presidential contest,
political friend
and champion
Finally,
Bouck, four thousand two hundred and seventy-eight; for Luther Bradish, three thousand three hundred and sixtytwo.
addressing the chairman of the meeting, the venerable Mr.

Gilbert, he said, in a tone of mingled
In 1844, for governor, Silas Wright received four

;
compliment and
answered,
thousand seven hundred and thirty-aix votes
Millard Fill-
expostulation,
"And
you, sir; have you changed?" and the
more, four thousand two hundred and ninety-four.
honest and straightforward old
man vehemently
friend,
The
presidential vote of the county in the
same year and
"No!"
Mr. Tilden
skillfully availed
himself of this dec-
was, Polk (Democratic), four thousand six hundred
laration of his old neighbor
and
and used
it
against
ninety-two
Clay (Whig), four thousand three hundred

;
the senator with such telling
eflFect
that the meeting,
which
to
.
and twenty-two
eleven;
total,
and the candidate of the Liberty party,

existence of the Anti-Rent
first
had been
called in the interest of the
Whigs, was turned
nine thousand and twenty-five.
the advantage of their enemies, and the young opponent of Senator Talmadge had achieved great popularity with
the Democracy of his native county.
3,
At
this time
commenced the
in the
party as a political power, the
movement
in
Columbia
in
Two
years
later,
Oct.
being the organization,
town of Taghkanic,
No-
1840,
at
New
Lebanon, Mr. Tilden made another speech
vember, 1844, of " The Taghkanic Mutual Association,"

with the following
son
;
NEW YORK.
55
officers, viz.
President,
John L John-
But
for several years after the legitimate occupation of

its
James M. Strever, George I. Rossman, Peter Poucher, Samuel A. Tanner, and George I.
Vice-Presidents,
the party seemed to be gone
organization was kept up,
mainly for the purpose, as few leaders

dates, or to
to hold its vote
is
said by
many, of enabling a
Finkle; Treasurer, Philip
13.
Miller; Recording Secretary,
ready for sale to aspiring candito
Anthony Poucher; Corresponding Secretary, Peter Poacher; Executive Committee, John Bain and James M. Strever. The 01)3601 of the society was " to blot from the statute
book the
last relics
u.se
one or the other of the great parties, or perhaps
both parties at the same time.
For
this
purpose the meet-
ings were regularly held, though frequently not attended by
of Feudalism," and the members pledged

all
more than two
or three persons
It
is
these, of course, always
themselves to
lawful and honorable
means
to rid
being party managers.
related that
upon one of these
themselves and the people of the burdens imposed by the

manorial system
;
occasions a few faithful ones

taverns,
met
at
one of the country
and
to that
end they pledged themselves
and
after fortifying themselves with spirituous sus-
never
ity
to
make nor
accept (without the consent of a major-
tenance, proceeded at about nine P.M. to organize for the

transaction of the important basiness which had called
together.
of the association) any proposition for the payment of
them
the
rent or purchase of soil to or from any person claiming to
Without a moment's delay or

in
hesitation
hold under the Livingston or
Van
did
Rensselaer patents.
not
"meeting" was opened and organized by the spokesman,

a
The movement, however,

political
become
entirely
Mr. Finkle,
the following words

I
"Gentlemen, please
All in favor of
;
one until after the arrest and conviction of the
come
to order.
move
that
Becraft be chairman of
anti-rent leaders for the foolish
and lawless excesses com-
this meeting.
I second the motion.
mitted in December of the same year.
The
convictions
Becraft as chairman of this meeting say aye
aye can-ied.
had the
effect to
make many
anti-rent converts,
and
to lift
;
Mr. Becraft
git right
round here and take the chair;" the
the faction to the numerical dignity of a political party
operation of making, seconding, and putting the motion,
and the policy adopted by

and county
officers
this party
was
to elect
all
town
no
voting affirmatively upon
it,
announcing the
office,
result,
and
from their own ranks,
to vote for
inducting the chairman into his
being
all
performed
State, civil, judicial, or executive officer unfriendly to
them
by Mr. Finkle without the

once pausing to take breath.
least assistance,
and without
or unpledged to their cause, and to disregard

political opinions.
all
former
The
business of the meeting

celerity,
This policy caused politicians to fear

;
was dispatched with almost equal

adjourned.
and
it
was then
and
to
be anxious to conciliate them
and so rapidly did
they grow in influence and strength that the gubernatorial

candidate of the party (Governor John
in
As
late as
1851 Columbia sent delegates
to an
Anti-Rent
Young) was
elected,
convention held in September of that year, at Albany, upon
1846, by a majority of about ten thousand, to which

:
which occasion the counties of Albany, Rensselaer, Schoharie, Delaware,
Columbia county contributed by the following vote
For
Greene, Ulster, Sullivan, Otsego, Oneida,
John Young (Anti-Rent),
four
thousand
two
hundred
once
Dutchess, and
Montgomery were
also
represented.
The
and four; for Silas Wright (Democratic), three thousand

three hundred and eighteen.
party, however, did not exist long after that time.
Governor Young
at
pardoned
offenses
it
all
the anti-rent convicts, on the ground that their

political
all
had been
rather than criminal, and that
was the wise policy of
good governments
to forgive
and restore
to citizenship all
political offenders after the
About 1846 came the split of the Democratic party into " Hunker" and " Barnburner" factions. The first political meeting of the Hunkers" (as such) was a verv numerous one held at Hillsdale, and presided over by the Hon. John F. Collin, one of the most prominent leadei-s in
the
'
law had been vindicated and peace restored.
the county.
tall flag-staff
was raised amidst the greatest

Santvoord, Henry A. Collin,
The
five
vote of the county in 1846 on the question of a
new
enthusiasm, and speeches were made by John H. Reynolds,

of Kinderhook, James
State constitution was as follows:
For a new
;
constitution,
against, nine
Van
thousand two hundred and eighty-two
and
in
others.
The
"
Barnburner" movement soon resulted
hundred and one.

six
For constitutional amendment giving
the formation of the Free-Soil party, which, in 1848,

as its presidential candi;
equal suffrage to colored persons, six hundred and sixty;
nominated ex-President Van Buren

date.
against said suffrage, five thousand two hundred and
The
vote of Columbia in that election stood
for
sixty-one.
The
only town giving an unanimous vote against
Lewis Cass, Democrat, two thousand one hundred and

twenty-one;
nine
fur
colored suffrage was Clermont.
The
vote of
Germantown on
General
Taylor,
Whig, three thousand

for
;
that question was one hundred and forty against, and six in
hundred and forty-three;
Martin Van Buren,

fur the Liberty party
favor of the suffrage
Hillsdale voted nineteen for, and three
Free-Soil, two thousand one
hundred
hundred and
for,
fifty-six again.st
the measure
it
;
Livingston, four
candidate,
five.
and two hundred and sixty against

in
and several other
In 1850, Horatio Seymour received three thousand seven
towns
about the same proportion.
hundred and eighty one
votes,
and Washington Hunt three

in
The
was
influence of the Anti-Rent party in the convention

to procure the
all
thousand seven hundred and ninety-six votes,

for the office of governor.
Columbia,
sufficient
insertion of a clause in the
new
constitution abolishing
feudal tenures and incidents,
In the presidential election of 1852
the county gave
and forbidding the leasing of agricultural land for a term

exceeding twenty years.
sessions passed laws lord interest,
Franklin Pierce (Democrat) four thousand four hundred
The
Legislature at successive
and
fifty-five votes,
and Winfield Scott (Whig) four thouoffice
which bore heavily against the landseemed

to
sand one hundred and forty-two votes, for the
of Presi-
and
so far the party
have accom-
dent, seven votes being given to the Fn?e-Suil or Liberty
plished
its
mission.
candidate.
56

The
vote of the county cast in
NEW
YORK.
bill
1854
in
for the four
guber-
blies
of 1683 and 1691, and the
of rights adopted by
natorial
candidates
who were then
the field was, for

;
the State in 1787, with the great charter, will disclose

provisions of like import.
many
now
Horatio Seymour, two thousand three hundred and eighty

for
Myron H.
Clark, two thousand four
hundred and
forty-
But
their
the courts were
first
introduced into what
is
four; for Daniel Ulraan, fifteen hundred and eighty-two;

for
the State of
New York by
the Dutch, at the institution of
Greene C. Bronson, nine hundred and ninety-four.
rule in 1621, the director-general
and his council
In the presidential elections which have occurred since

that time the vote of Columbia has been cast as follows
1856.
being a trinity of legislative, executive, and judicial authority. In 1641-42 the " Nine Men' held a weekly court,
For James
John
For For I860. For For 1864. For For 1868. For For 1S72. For For 1876. For For
Buchnnan (Democrat) Fremont Republican) Millard Fillmore ("American")

C.
(
3020 3818
1981
sterdam
A. Lincoln (Republicali)
J. C. Breckinridge
(Dcmoctat) A. Lincoln (Republican) G. B. McClellan (Democrat) U. S. Grant (Republican) Horatio Seymour (Democrat) U. S. Grant (Republican) Horncc Greeley (Democrat) Samuel J. Tilden (Democrat) R. B. Hayes (Republican)
5108 4722 4872 5240 5354 5661 5462 6047 6311 5799
1653 the burgomasters and schepens of New Am(New York) and Fort Orange (Albany) were created, and held courts corresponding to the present mayor
and
in
and aldermen's
courts, to
which the Dutch tribunal was

in
changed on the accession of the English,
1664.
Killian
Van
Rensselaer
held
patroon's court in his
manor of
Rensselaerwyck, where he dispensed justice (?) after the manner of feudal times, and practically made his tribunal a
court of last resort, by rendering nugatory
peal therefrom
all
rights of ap-
The
follows
1853.
votes cast in
Columbia county on popular questions
by a pledge exacted from
his tenants in ad-
submitted to the people since the year 1850 have been as
vance to forego their privilege in that respect, as a condition

precedent to occupancy of his estates.
The
director-general
For convention
to revise the constitution
Against same 1859. For State loan to pay floating debt Against same 1860. For equal suffrage to colored persons Against same 1864. For amendment to allow soldiers voting Against same 1865. For State bounty act Against same 1866. For constitutidnal convention Against same 1869. For amended constitution Against same For uniform rate of assessment and taxation Against same For property qualification for colored men Against same 1870. For act creating a State debt Against same 1873. For appointment of judges of court oT appeals and Supreme Court Against same For appointment of city and county judges Against same 1874. Eleven proposed constitutional amendments submitted at this election received majorities ranging from 2000
3597 1916 2743 1734 1881 5646 4062 587 6448 762 5060 4794 4504 3801 452C 3782 4703 3368 4442 5070
and council held the orphan court as their prerogative,

the burgomasters being, on their creation, ex-ojficio orphan-
masters until, on their
own
application, they were relieved
of the burden and special orphan-masters appointed.
The
first
English court established in the colony was the
court of assizes, created by the code

liaws," promulgated by an
in
known
at
as the "
Duke's
I.,
Assembly
Hempstead, L.
1665.
Courts of sessions and town courts were also
provided by this code, and a commission for a court of

oyer and terminer for the
trial
of capital offenses,
when
the information was filed in the court of sessions more than
two months before the
sitting of the assizes.
These courts
were. abolished by the Assembly of 1683, which passed an

act " to settle courts of justice,"
sessions, oyer
2136 3896 2049 3787
under which courts of

justices' courts
and terminer, town and
were
re-established with increased jurisdiction,
and
a court of
all
chancery created.
The Assembly of 1691
repealed
legis-
1877.
For amendments
tution
to 5000.
lation of the former

to Sections 3
Assembly, and of the governor and
and
4, Article V., consti-
Against same
7219 693
council,
and established, as a temporary expedient, the
courts of sessions, confining their jurisdiction to criminal
matters; courts of
common
pleas,
with
civil
jurisdiction;
justices' courts in the
towns; the court of chancery; and a
Supreme Court of
in
judicature.
These courts were enacted
1691, 1693, and 1695, and ceased in 1698, by limita-
CHAPTER
COURTS.
Board of Supervisors
IX.
tion. in to
The
court of oyer and terminer was not continued
1691
as a separate tribunal, but its
name was
retained
distinguish the criminal circuit of the
Supreme Court.
Court-Houses
Asylums.
and
Jails
Almshouses
and
On
the 15th of
May, 1699, the governor (Earl Bellamont),

the exception
and council, by an ordinance, continued the courts of the
Assembly of 1691, with
of the court of
THE LAW COURTS.
chancery, which
last,
however, was revived August 28,
The
line
of descent of the judicial system of

bj'
New York
1701, by Lieutenant-Governor Nanfan,

self the chancellor thereof;
who
declared him-
can be traced backward,

colonial times to
those curious to do so, through
but Lord Cornbury, then govthe tribunal.
Magna Charta,
and beyond into the
ernor, on the 13th of June, 1703, suspended
days of the Saxon Heptarchy in England.
The
great inat
On
the preparation by the chief and second judges of the

fee-bill
strument wrested by the barons from the king
Runny-
province of a
and code of practice

7,
for
the same,
mede, a.d. 1215, was but a regathering of the rights and

privileges of
Cornbury
finally,
Nov.
1704, re-established the court,
which John and
his
Norman
predecessors had
and revived the cases pending therein at the date of his

suspension of
it.
despoiled the order of nobles of the realm.
comparison
All of the above tribunals, continued or
of the charters of liberties drawn up by the colonial Assem-
revived by the ordinances before named, were held by that

authority alone until the English rule was abrogated by the
NEW
YORK.
first
57
The
It
court of chancery was recognized by the
con-
Revolution for American independence.
stitution,
and a chancellor appointed for

in
it
by the governor.
existence, pur-
The manors of Livingston and Rsnsellaerswyck were both

granted " a court leet and court baron, to be held as often
as the lords of those
was reorganized
1783, and ceîsed
its
suant to the constitution of 1816, on the

July, 1847.
first
Monday
of
manors chose."
the patent of Gov-
The powers and
jurisdiction of the court granted to the

in
The Supreme Court of

first
judicature was recognized by the
manor of Livingston were expressed ernor Thomas Dongan as follows

:
constitution, as the tribunal
then
existed,
and was
reorganized in 1778, the judges baing appointed by the

"
I,
the said
Thomas Dongan, hare
also
Given and Granted, and by
The
court of exchequer was a
these Presents Doe Give and Grant unto the slid Robert Livingston,
branch of the Supreme Court, the same as during the colonial period,
and to the Heires and Assignes of the said Robert Livingston, full Power and authority, at all times, and forever hereafter, in the said Lordship and Manor, one Court Leet and one Court Birron, to hold and keep at such time and times and Soe often, Yearely, as he or they shall see meet, and all fines. Issues, Amerciaments, at the said Court LeotandCourt Barron, to b3 holden with the said Lordshipp and Minnor to be Sett, fDrfciteJ, or Imposed, and Payable, or happening, at any lime, to be Payable by any the Inhabitants of or within the said Lordshipp or Maonorof Livingston, or the Limitts or Bounds thereof, and also all and every the Powers an 1 authorityes hereinbeforemenconed for the holding and keeping the said Court Lcett, Courtt Baron from time to time, and to award and Issue out the Customary Writts to be Issued and awarded out of the said Court Leet and Courtt B.iron, to be kept by the said Robert Livingston, his Heires and Assignes forever, or theire or any of theire Stewards deputed and appointed with full and ample Power and authority to Destraine for the Rents, Services, and other Sumes of Mony, Payable by reason of the Premises, and all other Lawful Remedyes and meanes for the haveing. Possessing, Receiving, Levying, and Enjoyeing the Premissesse, and every parte and parcell of the same, and all Wastes, Estrayes, Wrecks, Deodands, Goods of felons happening and being forfeited within the said Lordshipp and Manner, and all and every sume and Sumes of Mony to bee Paid as a Post fine upon or fines to bj Levyed if any
Lands, Tenements, or Hereditaments within the said Lordshipp or
and was reorganized
in
1786, " for the better

issues,
levying and accounting for
fines,
forfeitures,
and
amercements, and debts due

It
to the people of the State."
was abolished by the general repealing act of Daoembjr

Circuit courts were established April 19, 1786,
10, 1828.
to be held
by justices of the Supreme Court
in the respective
counties.
Under the second
constitution, the circuit courts
were held by
circuit judges,
appointed by the governor,
there being eight circuits in the State.
The
constitution
of 1846 abolished the circuits as then established, and pro-
vided for the holding the circuit court by the justices of

the
Supreme Court.
Courts of oyer and terminer were provided by an act

passed February 22, 1788, to be held by the justice of the
Supreme Court at the same time with the circuit. Two or more of the judges and assistant judges of the court of
common
tion of
pleas, in the respective counties,
were
to sit in the
oyer and terminer with the justice.
Under
the constitucircuit
1821 the oyer and terminer was held by the
theadvowson and Right of Patronage and all and every the Church and Churches Established or Erected or hereafter to be had Erected or Established in the said Manner."
of Livingston, together with
Manner
judge.
Any
justice of the
Supreme Court
could, however,
hold a circuit or preside at an oyer and terminer.
The
court of admiralty existed but a short time under the State
government, the court ceasing

Constitution in
at the adoption of the Federal
A
from
court of appeals, for the correction of errors only, was

lie
1789
that instrument vesting admiralty
established in 1691, but appeals in certain cases would

it
jurisdiction solely in the federal courts.
to the
king
in privy council.
It
was composed of
The
court of probates was.created in 1778, by the act to
the governor and his council,
vened in that capacity.
who sat in the fort when conThe prerogative court (court of

offii;ial
"organize the government of the State," passed March 16,

in that year.
This act divested the governor of the powers

in the prerogative
to
probates) waa held by the governor during the colonial
he possessed in the colonial period
and
period by virtue of the instructions received by that
probate courts, and transferred them
the judge of the
from the crown
the granting of probates being a part of
court of probates, except in the appointment of surrogates.
the royal prerogative retained by the king.
The
courts of
In 1787 surrogates were empowered
to
be appointed.
The
common
office at
pleas, in
wills,
remote counties, were authorized to take
judge of the court of probates held

until
his office at
New York
the proof of
and transmit the papers
for record in the
1797, when an act was passed, March 10, requiring
New
York.
Surrogates, with limited powers, were
the court to be held in Albany, and the records to be re-
appointed previous to 1750, also in other counties.
court
moved and kept

tion
there.
The
court had appellate jurisdic-
of admiralty was held by the governor and council under

the Dutch rule; and under the English,
it
over the surrogates' courts, and was abolished March

its
was
at first held
21, 1823,
its
jurisdiction trunsferred to the chancellor, and
by the governor's
eventually,
special
commissions until 1678, when
records deposited in the office of the clerk of the court
authority was given to appoint a judge and other officers;

it
of appeals in Albany.
however, depended from the lords of the
Surrogates were appointed under the
first
constitution for
admiralty in England.
an unlimited period by the council of appointment, and an
The
constitution of 1777, of
trial
New
York, provided for a
appeal lay from their decisions to the judge of the court of

probates of the State, as before stated.
court for " the

errors," the
of impeachments, and the correction of

for the
Under the second
same being the president of the Senate
constitution they were appointed by the governor and Senate for four years,
time being, the senators, chancellor, and judges of the
and appeals
lay to the chancellor.

office
Unin
Supreme Court, or a majority of them. This court remained the same under the constitution of 1821, with some change in its composition, and ceased with the adoption of the constitution of 18-16,
der the constitution of 1S46 the

in counties
was abolished, except
having more than forty thousand population,

elected, the term
in
which counties surrogates may be

first for
being
four years, but by an
amendment adopted
1869,
58

Appeals
lie
NEW
YORK.
cities,
the term was extended to six years.
to the
justices, the chief
judges of the superior courts of
Supreme Court.
In counties of
less
population than forty
the chief judge of the court of
common
pleas of
New
thou.aDd, the county judge performs the duties of surrogate.
York
city,
and of the city court of Brooklyn, appoint the

and the oyer and terminer, which appointfor
The
nial
court of
common
first
pleas
was continued from the
colo-
times and places of holding the terms of the Supreme and

circuit courts,
period by the
large
constitution, and under that instruas high as twelve being
ment had a
act passed
number of judges,
same time
in
ment continues
two years.
The county
clerks and clerks
on the bench
at the
some
counties.
By
an
of the court of appeals are clerks of the Supreme Court.
March
first
27, 1818, the office of assistant justice

to five,
was abolished, and the number of judges limited

including the
THE COUNTY COURTS.

The
constitution of
judge.
The
court was continued with-
1846 provided
for the
election
in
out material change by the second constitution, and expired
each of the counties of the State, except the city and
with that instrument in 1847.
county of
New
York, of one county judge, who should hold
The
courts
:
constitution
a court of
of 1846 provided for the following

to take the place of the
the county court, and should have .such jurisdiction in cases

arising in justices' courts
lature
impeachments,
and
in special cases as the Legiscivil
former tribunal of that nature, and composed of the president of the Senate, the senators, and judges of the court of
appeals, or a niiijority of them. ized at
first
might provide; but should have no original
jurisdiction, except in such special cases.

in
The
Legislature,
court of appeals, organ-
pursuance of these provisions, has given the county

in actions
with eight judges, four chosen by the people for
judge jurisdiction
nant
in
of debt, assumpsit, and cove;
eight-year terms, and four selected from the class of justices
sums not exceeding $2000
in eases of trespass
in replevin,
and
of the Supreme Court having the shortest time to serve.
personal injury not to exceed
8500 and
;
81000.
By
ber,
the article in relation to the judiciary, framed by the
The county court has

closure of mortgages,
partition
also equity jurisdiction for the fore-
convention of 1867-68, and adopted by the people Novem-
the sale of real estate of infants,
1869, the court of appeals was reorganized.

article,
In
acis
of lands, assignment of dower, satisfaction

is
of
cordance with the provisions of this
the court
judgments, whenever $75

ecution, and the care
due on an unsatisfied ex-
now composed of a chief judge and six associate judges, " who hold their office for the term of fourteen years, from
and including the
first
and custody of lunatics and habitual

this
drunkards.
jurisdiction,
The new judiciary article (1869) continued

and gave the courts original jurisdiction
in the county,
day of January
after their election."
in all
The
first
election of
full
judges was
in ihe
year 1870.
This
cases
where the defendants reside
and
in
which
court has
power
concur
to correct or revei'se the decisions of
the damages claimed shall not exceed $1000.

office
The term of
the Supreme Court, of
five
judges constituting a quorum, four
of the county judge, originally four years, was then
whom must
to
pronounce a judgment.
In case
if
extended to six years, upon the election of successors to the
of non-concurrence, two rehearings
may
be had, and
the
be-
incumbents then
ary
1,
in office, the
new tenure beginning Janu-
non-concurrence
still
obtains, the
judgment of the court

is
1871.
low stands affirmed.
The
clerk of the court

office
appointed
COURTS OF SESSIONS.
by the
court,
and holds his

Court, as
during
its
pleasure.
Two
in
justices of the peace, to be designated
by law, were
The Supreme and a new one

law and equity.
districts, in
it
existed in 1846, was abolished,
associated with
the county judge, by the constitution of
established,
having general jurisdiction

is
1846, to hold courts of sessions, with such criminal jurisdiction as the Legislature shall prescribe.
The
State
divided into eight judicial
each of which four justices are elected, except
Special judges are elected in counties to discharge the

duties of county judge
the
first
(comprising the city of
New
York), where there

established,
when
required, by provision of the
are five.
The term of
office, as originally
was
Legislature, on application of the board of supervisors.
eight years, but the

that, on
amended
judiciary article
provided
the expiration of the terms of justices then in

successors shall be elected for fourteen yeai's.
THE mayor's court

of the city of Hudson was established with the granting of
the charter of the city in 1785, and had the jurisdiction of
the courts of
office, their
They
are so classified that the term of one justice expires
every two years.
The court
possesses the powers and exer-
common
pleas.
cises the jurisdiction of the
preceding Supreme Court, court
of chancery, and circuit court, consistent with the constitution of
THE court of common PLEAS

of Columbia county was
first
1846, and the act concerning the judiciary, of May,
opened at Claverack, Jan.
9,
1847.
eral
The
Legislature abolished, April 27, 1870, the gen-
1787.
for the
"
The Cryer made

also
proclamation, and the commission

for the
terms of the court then existing, and divided the Slate
Court of Common Pleas
County of Columbia
for Justice
into four departments, and provided for general terms to be
was openly read,
one additional commission
held in each of them.
The governor
designates a presid-
Philip Rockefeller and Justice Bishop."
The
after
coroner's
ing justice and two associate justices for each department,

the former holding his office during his
official
commission was " openly read" also in court,

crier
which the
ple;xs
:
term, and
made
proclamation, and the court of

to law,
;
common
was
the latter for five years, if their terms do not sooner expire.
opened according
with the following presence
Peter
Two
terms at
least
of the circuit Court and court of oyer

in
and terminer are held annually
each county, and as
special terms as the justices in each judicial
many department may
Van Ness, first judge Peter Silvester, Peter R. Livingston, Henry I. Van Rensselaer, William B. Whiting, judges;
Stephen Hogeboom, Samuel Ten Broeck, assistant
justices.
deem
proper.
convention, composed of the general term
There was no business on the docket ready, and the court
; ;

adjourned
"till
NEW
if
YORK.
w.is filed
;
59
10 o'clock A.M. to-morrow."
On January
the second term

for
no declaration
8th,
judgment
of
10 the court opened with the same judges, except Peter R.

Livingston, and Isaac Goes appeared in place of Justice
want of plea could be entered

of the rule for one
;
forty days after expira-
tion
9th required
an
affidavit
Ten Broeck.
Jacob RadclifFe was formally admitted

first
as
an
merits in the plea of abatement;

pleas
10th and 11th, dilatory

in
attorney to practice before the court, being the
so ad-
and replications
to
be
;
filed
forty days after the

for a
;
mitted in this court.
He
was admitted on a license from
return of writ or filing plea
12th provided
judgment
13th
re-
the Supreme Court.

Christopher Smith, Johannes Henricus, Andries Wyants,
Peter Rooh, and George Sipher appeared before the court
by default or nonsuit
lated to notices for
if the
rules were violated
trial, a
defendant over forty miles having
fourteen days, and within that distance eight days', notice
and pledged
their fealty to the sovereign State of
New
York,
14th and 15th related

pleas in ejectment;
to notice of
countermand of
trial
and
" by the grac of
God
free
and independent," taking the oath
16th provided that no person should be
of allegiance under the act of April 25, 1786, for the naturalization of certain persons
admitted as an attorney of the court but upon examination,
named
first
therein.
The
third day
and unless they had had a regular education and produced

a
certificate
the same presence as on the

began.
appeared, and litigation
or other
sufficient
evidence of good moral

certifi-
On
motion of Mr. Gilbert the court rendered judg-
character,
and had obtained a degree and received a
ment
in favor of
Jinet Montgomery,* against Abraham

costs.
cate or diploma from
some
college,
and had served a regular
Scott, for
42 and
In the case of Jonas Smith

it
vs.
clerkship with
some attorney of
;
this or the
Supreme Court
John Barnard, on motion of Mr. Van Schaack,

dered by the court that the record on a plea of
was
or-
for at least three years
and
if
they had not received a
title
before
collegiate education, then the time of service as clerk shall
Abraham
filed.
I.
Van
Alstine, Esq., be
vs.
filed.
recognizance
be five years.
entitled
all
But an admission
into the
Supreme Court
in the case of
Jonas Smith
Michael Brannin was ordered
persons to a license to practice in this court
In the case of Robert
Van
Rensselaer
vs.
Johannes
without an examination.
An
exception was
made
in favor
Vosburgh, Killian K. Van

defendant,
confessed
Ren.sselaer, attorney for the

for
of persons already entered as clerks requiring but three

years' service
judgment
was
which
final
judgment
entered.
U6 and costs, on The fourth day

day,
under any circumstances.

to
The 17th
be
served
rule re-
quired
copy of the declaration
on the
no business was done.
On
the
fifth
attorney for Daniel Lse, confessed
John Biy, as judgment in favor of

and on motion of
defendants attorney, or no judgment could be had for
want of a
plea.
It also required all rules for

sit
judgment
to
James Roosevelt
for
15
6s.
and
costs,
be entered " nisi causa sedente oslenta

tions in arrest of judgment
as entered.
Ji.
curia," and
at the
mo-
Van
Rensselaer for
W.
E. Pratt,
final
judgment was entered

for
must be made
same term
on the same.
Mr. Van Rensselaer confessed judgment

in favor
The 18th and 19th

sa.,
rules related to writs of

;
Hendrick Miller
of David
Van Ness and Andries
fa. and ca.
taxation of costs, and bail
20th provided
Heermance
the
for
20
9s. id.,
and
Rudclifie, as attorney for
for notice in interlocutory
judgments and writs of inquiry

;
plaintiflfs,
procured
final
judgment on the coynovit.

costs against
21st and 22d related to defendants in custody
and 23d
re-
Marks
of
final
Platner, by his attorney, Gilbert, obtained an order
quired non-resident
plaintiffs to give security for costs.
judgment of 23 and
this
Jacobus Besse"
Mr. Van Rensselaer's docket contained

a cepi corpus."
for this
term of
mer.
On
day the formal admission
to practice as attor-
the court nineteen suits wherein the sherifi"s return w;is
neys before the court was entered of record of Killian K.
Mr. Bay brought twenty-four
suits,
and
Van
Rensselaer, Peter
Van
Schaack, John C. Wynckoop,
appeared for the defense in nine; RadcliflFe brought two

suits
;
Myndert P. Vosburg, Edward Livingston, Elisha Pratt, E. Gilbert, Thomas Smith, Jr., John Johnson, and John Bay,
and rules of practice were
lowing
is
Mr. Gilbert brought sixteen
.suits,
and defended four-
also adopted, of
which the
fol-
Van Schaack had a single client, and Mr. Wynkoop had thirteen who prosecuted and one who defended. Mr.
teen
;
an abstract
Pratt's docket
had seven nonsuits.

term, 1787,
" WfierenHf Tho Establishment of rules and order for the regulation of the practice of this Court is deemed highly necessary for tho regulation and speedy advancement of Justice in this County of Columbia.
It
is
therefore ordered by this Court that the following rules and

all
orders be observed by
and every
officer
and minister
all
thereof,
and
by
all
other persons in .iny wise concerned therein.

It is
"
ls(.
ordered by this Court that
processes that shall
issue out of this Court be sealed with the seal of this Court [which
has the figure of a
man
inscribed, with a mariner's
compass
'
in
his
Judge Van Ness, Peter SilHenry I. Van Rensselaer, Stephen Hogeboom, and Isaac Goes were the judges. The first jury-trial was had at this term in the ca.se of Thomas Bightel vs. Hendrick Potts, Mr. Bay appearing for the plaintiff. Tho jury was compo.sed of William Spier, John Bugley, James Elting, John Vanger, Johannes Kilts, Samuel Utlcy, Jr., James Van Deusen, Seth Toby, Charles Mc-
At
the
May
vester, Peter Livingston,
hand, intended
to represent Columbus, and has the words Columbia' cut round], and signed with the Clerk's name."
County
Clean, Hendrick Clapper, Robert Hollenbock, and William
Hullenbeck.
Eleven witnesses were sworn
for the plaintiff
The
2d,
3d,
and 4th
;
rules
related
to
the
time
for
and two
the jury
for tho defen.se.
Two
constables took charge of
giving special bail
5tli, bail
to be
excepted
to after
the
when they
retired to con.sider their verdict,

in
which
declaration was delivered only " de bene esse."
The 6th
was given through Seth Toby, foreman,

plaintiff for
.
favor of the
required a copy of the declaration to be served on the defendant's attorney or his clerk in the
filing,
first
18 damages and
sixpence costs, and judg-
vacation after
ment was entered on the same.

admitted as an attorney on
years' service with
Jlr. Gilbert, far
:is
Hezekiah L. Hosmer was
and the 7 th allowed a
noii 2>ros. after
the end of
a certificate of clerkship of three
and that Hosnier was of

hath come to
his, said Gil-
Widow
of (Juuural Richard .\lontg.>uicry.
good mural character "as
60

knowledge."
Messrs. Bay,
NEW
YORK.
bert's,
Van
Schaack, and Addion
battery, one for forcible entry, and one for deceit,
and were
Sub-
son
were the
comniittee
who
passed
Mr. Hosmer's
merits.
The indictment for deceit was against one John McLean, who, on his arraignment at the bar of the
discharged.
court, pleaded guilty,
Mr. Bay had the second

nonsuit.
dler,
jury-trial,
which resulted
vs.
in
and was ordered into custody.
In the case of Peter
Van Ness
the plaintiff being related to the sheriff,
Hugh ChanHenry I. Van

suit
sequently the clerk of the court (he being at that time the
prosecutor, district attorneys not yet having been provided
for)
Rensselaer and Aaron Kellopg were appointed elisors to
moved the court
for the sentence

to
of McLean, and he
sheriff
summon
the jury.
Henry Van Rensselaer brought
was ordered again brought
bar,
whereupon the
to recover
against the
Dutch Reformed church of Claverack, and the
informed the court that the prisoner had escaped.

officer
That
matter was referred to James Bryant and William Powers,
was allowed until the next term
his pris-
and Thomas A. Hogg, merchant, to report on. Andrew Hunter was appointed guardian of Jo.shua Green, Simeon Wylie being his surety in the sum of 500. At the January term, 1788, Ambrose Spencer, Martiu
Esqs.,
oner and produce him in court.

taken to the next term, and
Five recognizances were
five like
bonds were discharged.
The two
assault
and battery cases were disposed of by pleas

until the
of guilty and a fine of ten shillings and costs on each defendant, and
Van Burcn, and James

on
certificates
S.
Smith were admitted
to
the bar
commitments
same were
paid.
tried,
At
and and
one
of clerkship.
Mr. Van Buren presented the
the
May
sessions the case of
misdemeanor was
five
certificate
of John C.
Wynkoop.
They were examined by
the defendant convicted and fined
pounds and
and
costs,
Messrs. Peter
Van
Schaack, Edward Livingston, and K.
committed
until tlie
sum was
paid.
K. Van
were
Rensselaer.
Thomas Cooper, Augustine James, and
term found four indictments,

for exorbitance
The grand jury

riot
at this
one for
assault,
Frederick Prevost, licensed attorneys of the Supreme Court,

also admitted.
and breach of the Sabbath, one for forgery, and battery.
At
the January term, 1789, the
first
and one
for assault
The
latter
was against
insolvent debtor was discharged from the importunities of

his
creditors,
the same being
Nathan Rowley,
this term
Sr.,
who
John B. Schuyler, who moved in proprvi persona to quash the indictment, making two objections, and being overruled
by the court on both
self on
assigned his estate to Oliver Mallcry, under the bankrupt

act of
points, pleaded guilty,
and threw him-
March
21, 1788.
I.
At
a petition for the

in
the mercy of the court.
After consulting Ezekiel
securing of Peter
Gardenier's rights
the Kinderhook
for the peti-
Gilbert, that attorney took the conduct of the case,
and
patent was
tioner.
filed,
Mr. Van Buren appearing
moved the court
for leave to
withdraw the plea of guilty

and the haste of the court
to
The Gardenicr grant was
for a tract fronting thirteen
for precipitancy in pleading,
hundred paces on Hudson
river,
measured from Hendrik
overrule the objections interposed

to
de Bruyn's grant north to the south bounds of Rcnssolaers-
when there was good law show the indictments were bad. The court allowed the
to the
wyck, and running back into the woods three English miles.
motion on condition that the attorney " would pin himself
John S. Van Alen, John E. Van Alen, and Lawrence Van Dyck were appointed commissioners to partition the
estate.
down
two objections the prisoner himself made on

to
his first
motion
quash the indictment," which were,
first,
that the caption of the indictment recited the " town of
COURT OP GENERAL SESSIONS.
Claverack, and the body of

at
it
the district" of Claverack
The
first
term of this court was begun
Claverack,
and. second, that

assault
it
appeared from the indictment that the

in
Jan. 0, 1787, the crier making due proclamation, and the
had been committed
the county of Albiiny.

in
commission for the court being publicly read.

judges occupied the bench
tices
:
Mr. Justice
The following Van Ness, JusHogeboom,

Alen.
The
court further stipulated
that
case
the attorney
to sustain
brought no law deemed

the objections, then
sufficient
by the court
to
Silvester,
Livingston,
Van
Rensselaer,
the plea of guilty should " remain
Goes, Wiesner, Birdsall, Coffin, Spoor, and

sheriff returned
Van
The
and stand good."

.sessions
Schuyler was recognized

with
the next
his se-
the venire of the grand and petit juries,

:
in
forty pounds,
Wm.
Cautine as
at
the former being served on the following persons
Jacobus
curity in twenty pounds;
and finding
that term that
J.
Van Alen, Peter Wynckoop, Abraham Van Beuren, John Van Alstyne, John E. Van Alen, Gideon Hubbard, Joel Pratt, Harmon Vosburgh, Evert Vosburgh, John A. Fonda, Marks Platner, Wm. Rockefeller, Abraham Bauman, Abraham Patterson, Peter Hogeboom, Jr., Jochim
Muller, Philip Fiysbie, Hosea Beebe, Palmer Cady, Jesse
Hollister,
inf|uest,
all
eleven judges on the bench were too heavy a match for one
defendant and a single attorney, he pleaded guilty, and was

fined twenty shillings
and
costs.
The indictment found

for the
against
McLean
for deceit
was
brought on his forgery of a guaranty of Daniel Pcnfield
payment
for certain goods, to the
amount of
" five
of
whom
appeared, and were sworn as a grand
pounds eight
shillings
and fourpence." and Sabbath-
the
first
one named
being appointed
foreman.
The indictment
for exorbitant charging
Isaac Goes, Jr., and
John Van Deu.sen
also appeared,
and
breaking was found against a constable of Hudson, who

charged an excessive
Vielec, on
fee
were excused from service, and Samuel Allen and
Wm.
on an execution against one Cherck
Van Ness were summoned, but defaulted. The grand jury retired for deliberation under charge of
Gilben Turner and Julin Best, constables, and on the third
day of the term presented
to
which
he, the constable,
had taken the horses of was found
said Vielee on a
Sunday.
it
An
in
indictment brought from Albany, where

its
the court their

;
first
indict-
17S2, recites the character of
subject in these words:
ment, the same being against Jacob Ilaithaway

fourth day the jury brought in six
for
and on the
"
more presentments,
one
and
versation, and not intending to get his living by truth
Being a person of ill-name and fame and dishonest conand
grand larceny, one
for
misdemeanor, two
for assault
honest labor, but compassing and devising
how he might

unlawfully obtain and get into his possession the monies of
tlie
NEW
YORK!
61
1798, the
first
sentence to the penitentiary was pronounced,

the
honest subjects of this Slate for the maintenance of his
the prisoner, for grand larceny, being .sentenced to
unthrifty living, did present a certain forged and false tax,

or assessment
list,
institution for two years, and to remain in the county jail

until the prison
for military rates,
and drew eight
shil-
was
finished.
lings thereon fraudulently," etc.
In 1797 the pounds, shillings, and pence of royalty give

place to the dollars and cents of democracy.
Under the
act
of April 20, 1787, the general sessions
appointed at the September term of that year highway
At the May
selaer,
sessions,
1802, Jacob Rutsen

Elizabeth
Kells, filed
Van
Itens-
commissioners for the several towns of the county, and at

the
as
attorney for
papers
of
same term
indicted the Clavoraclc bridge, in which the
manumission of " Nan,"

under the act of April
a female slave of said Elizabeth,

8,
presentment recited " that from the time whereof the
memis,
1801, and the former mistress

her former slave's future
man is common and

ory of
Livingston,"
not to the contrary there was, and yet
was released from any

support.
liability for
ancient
public
highway, or road, leading
southeast from the Court-house in Claverack to the town of

etc.
In 1803,
Thomas Osterhoudt,
a slave,
confessed
to
In January, 1788, the higliway com-
crime which the court
certified could be properly puni.shed
missioners uf Claverack and
Hudson were ordered

first
to take
only by transportation out of the State, and sentenced

to be so transported
him
the bridge away before the
day of the next

sessions,
sessions,
within thirty days by his master, or in
on pain of contempt.
Htt,
At
the
May
Thomas Mer-
default the slave should be imprisoned three years.
blacksmith,
and Stephen Atwater, gentleman, were
In 1805, Nero, a slave, was convicted of petit larceny,
recognized to the next oyer and terminer, at which court

the blacksmith was fined forty shillings and the " gentle-
and
his master allowed a certificate to transport

less
him from
fastidious
the State to a clime where the people were

as to rights of property, or
man"
ten shillings for iissaults.

till
where black
the market.
flesh
and blood
Isaac Decker and his surety were respited

sessions, in a ba.stardy case, to await results.
the next
commanded
a quid
pro
qtio in
In January, 1806, the
jail
limits of the
new
jail
in
In May, 1789, the sheriff protested against the insecurity

of the
jail,
Hudson were
square
feet.
laid off,
and included an area of 130,660

from " Stoddard's
and
it
was indicted
for iusufBcieiicy (?).
In
The
limits included a line
January, 1790, William Doran was indicted and pleaded

guilty on a charge of horsestealing, and was sentenced to
receive twenty-one lashes on his naked back, to stand com-
corner, on Third street, to the east line of
Lot
9,
between
Fifth and Sixth streets

site side
from Hathaway 's corner, on oppoof Lot 7

lots
;
of Warren
jail,
street, to east line
the court-
mitted
his
till
the costs were paid, and to leave the country on
house
lot,
and market grounds; the
of Samuel
'S(|uire
release
from
imprisonment.
At
the
May
sessions
Stockings, Nathaniel Greene,

Allen, Christopher Hoxie,
James Vanderbergh,
Collar,
James Ley was

was
tried
indicted for larceny, pleaded not guilty,

to receive " thirty-
Samuel Gamage, Obadiah New-
and convicted, and sentenced
comb, Scth Morton, Daniel Light Body

Silvanus,
Widow
Burke, John
nine stripes on his naked back, which was immediately
William Whiting, Joshua Toby,

Bennetts," and
courts were
divers
executed."
Mr. Van Rensselaer appeared
at this sessions
Widow
in
Hussey, that was, John
as public prosecutor.
At
the
May
sessions,
1793, Benoni
crossings connecting streets.
The
fii-st
held
Hunter was presented under

for petit larceny,
sixteen separate indictments
the
court-house in
Hudson,
at the
January
sessions,
and one
to
for horse-stealing.
His great
1806.
weakness seemed
be an extreme partiality for mutton,
eight indictments being found against
him
for sheep-stealing.
He
gathered unto himself from his neighbors a complete

for an agricultural
life, to
THE OYER AND TERMINER AND GENERAL JAIL DELIVERY OP COLUMBIA COUNTY.
The first term of this court was held at Claverack, and was begun March 25, 1788, with the following presence Robert Yates, " Chief- Justice of the Supreme Court of
Judicature
for the State
outfit
wit
a heifer, flour, rye,
wheat, fowls, and a coulter, and then a saddle and some

buckles, to
all
of which takings he pleaded not guilty, and

trial.
put himself upon the country for
His peers found
of
New York
I.
;"
Peter
Van
Ness,
him
truthful in regard to the horse and six of the sheep, but
Peter R. Livingston, and Henry

tices of
A''an
Rensselaer, " Jusgaol delivery for
said he
was mistaken
as to the rest,
fines of "
and found him
guilty.
;"
Oyer and Terminer and general
For the two sheep he paid

flour, rye,
two pound ten each

hi.s
Columbia County."
Proclamation was made for silence,

for
in-
the heifer cost him thirty-nine lashes on
bare back
the
wheat, fowls, and coulter cost him
fifty shillings
and the court was opened, and proclamation was made " ail justices, coroners, and other officers who have any
quisitions or
each
and the buckles proved expensive and painful ornastripes.
recognizances whereby the people are conto the court for adjudication.
ments, representing thirty-nine
He
was
also
in-
cerned" to present them

sherifi'
dicted for poisoning a colt, and found guilty; but
judgment
returned a venire of grand jurors,
The who were sworn
was
arrested, because poisoning
was not an ofiense at either
and charged by the court, and

presentments.
retired to consider of their
common
chequer
law or under the statute.

to
On
the third day after the term the jury
Seven recognizances were estreated

in
the court of exsessions,
returned three indictments into court for horse-stealing, and

the fourth day returned four more,
January, 1704.
At
the
November
in the
two
for the like offense
1795, Robert Dawson was indicted

guilty,
for forgery, pleaded
as the first ones, one for stealing -a cow,
and one
for petit
and was sentenced
to six
months
county
jail
larceny.
tried
On
the
fifth
day of the term, John Davis was
and
to
stand one day, between ten o'clock a.m. and one

the
pillory.
for
and convicted of horse-stealing by a jury from

Jacobus Krelenbergh was
tried
o'clock r.M., in
At
the January sessions,
Westchester county.
by a
62

for a like offense,
NEW
YORK.
following,
Columbia county jury
and convicted the
nine more on
Monday
and thirty-nine more on

"
same day
for
and on the sixth day Philip Jansen was tried
the next Saturday, at the public whipping-post.

a negro, indicted for a rape at the
tried
in
Guss,"
a similar theft, the verdict of the jury being "not
May
At
sessions,
1791, was
guilty as to stealing a gelding of a black color, but guilty
the oyer
and terminer, and convicted and senthis
of stealing one of a baj/ color."
The same day
jury returned three other indictments,
one for misdemeanor, one for theft of a bee-hive, and one against " Peter, a male
slave,
the grand
tenced to be hanged August 26.
term Coroner
Peter Bishop returned an inquisition on the body of

the hands of
James
Robertson, killed by the accidental discharge of a gun in
the property of
Gerard D. Cook,"
;
for a theft of
leather.
The
to
cow-stealer was convicted
the bee-hive thief
gave
bail
the next oyer and terminer, at which term a
Mathew Van Djusen, while pigeon-shooting. December oyer and terminer Thomas Southward, Jonathan Arnold, John West, Abel Hackett, Ebenezcr At
the
swarm of
witnesses was Irkely to appear.
Two
indictments
Hatch, Robert Boze, John Boze, John

Cornelius
first
Rodman, Joseph
county.
against Cornelius Chatterton were tried, resulting in verdicts
Tickner, and Jacob Virgil were indicted for the murder of
of " not guilty."

lenbergh,
On
the 2d of April, 1788, Jacobus Kre-
Hogeboom,
sheriflF
of Columbia
indicted, as the
The
Philip Jansen, and
John
Davis, convicted of
named. Southward, was

first
principal, in
horse-stealing,
it
were brought
to bar for
judgment.
"
And
the
decree, and the others, as accessories, in the second
being demanded of them severally what they had to say

should not pass against them respectively,
degree.
These persons were
tried
at the
February term of
why judgment
the court, 1792, and discharged, the verdict of the jury
according to law, they severally nothing said other than
being "
We
find
the prisoners at the bar not guilty, and

fly
what they respectively before had said. Thereupon it is considered and adjudged by the court now here that the said
prisoners be severally, for the felonies whereof they are
severally convicted, taken from hence to
that he did not
for it."
Andrew Klaw, Jacob Monttriers to try the
gomery, and Gerrit Rowen were sworn as

juroi-s as to impartiality or favor.
Judge John Lansing, of
the place from
the
Supreme Court, William B. Whiting, Adgate, Peter

Philip Frisbie, Israel Spencer, David Pratt,
whence they came, and from thence

tion,
to the place of execu-
Van Schaack,
At
and
and that they there be severally hanged by the neck

Ordered that the
and Peter R. Livingston were the judges.

the October term, 1795, Justice Yates, and Greene
until they shall be respectively dead.
above sentence be executed on the 30th day of Jlay next, between the hours of ten and twelve of the clock in the
forenoon of the same day, and that the sheriff of Columbia
Silvester, judges, presiding,
Jessup Darling, who was

forgery,
indicted at the
convicted,
May
sessions
to
for
was
tried
and
and sentenced
be
hanged
in
December 18,
Claveraek, on or
County cause execution

ecution took
to be
done accordingly."
This ex-
"within two miles of the court-house

near the road leading to Kinderhook."
place in accordance with
the sentence pro-
John Thompson,
nounced.
Peter, the slave, received " thirty-nine htslics on
convicted also of burglary, was arraigned for sentence of

death, but
his bare back, from the waist upwards, at the public whip-
judgment was
arrested,
and the case taken under
ping-post," and the cow-stealer was treated to a like

tion.
inflic-
At
the second oyer and terminer, in March, 1789, the
bee-hive thief was again held to bail to the next term, thus
At the next oyer and terminer, held September, 1796, Thompson was sentenced to be hanged November 10 following. Judge Lansing pronouncing the sentence. At the same term Samuel Freeborn, a slave, was
advisement.
convicted of manslaughter, and sentenced to confinement
for seven
experiencing what to him at least were the sweets of the

law's delay.
Notwithstanding the severe sentence of the

first
years " in the State prison to be built in Albany

till
horse-thieves at the
oyer
and terminer, there were
county, and
the county
the same be ready" was to be confined in
found
five
indictments for stealing, one for burglary, and
jail.
three for as.sault and battery at this term.
At
the third
In June,
1797, Justice Morgan
Lewis (subsequently
term, held June, 1789, eight defaulting jurors were fined

forty
shillings
governor of the State) presiding, David
McCracken,
in-
each, of
whom
four were
farmers, three
Sloss
dicted for forgery, was tried and convicted, and sentenced

to
esquires,
and one " a geiitleman."
Hon. John
Ho-
confinement for
life
in
the State's prison in

to
New York
bart held the term.
The
bee-hive
man was
tried,
and by
city,
and
until the .same
was completed
be confined in
the surplus of honey in the tongue of his counsel, or the

lack of sting in the jury, was found not guilty.
the Washington county

ney-general,
jail.
December oyer and terminer, Timothy Jackson were indicted and tried for, and convicted of, robbery, and sentenced, December 5, to be hanged December 18. Lawrence MoDermod, prosecuting witness,
received eleven pounds thirteen shillings for prosecuting
At the 1789, Henry McKinney and
and
J.
Rut.sen
Ambrose Spencer was attorVan Rensselaer and Elislia

for
Williams defended the prisoner.

In
1798 the
wiis
first
indictment
passing
counterfeit
money
found, and
Nathan Kent, the

to
prisoner,
for
life.
was
convicted, and sentenced
State's prison
The
(after-
June oyer and terminer, 1799, was held by Justice

Wards
Chancellor)
the above prisoners to execution, Johannes J. Muller and
Kent.
D. D. Tompkins, afterwards
Elizabeth Muller being the other witnesses for the State.

Justice Yates presided, with Peter
ter, Pet<?r
governor of
New
York, held the July oyer and terminer,
Van
Ness, Peter Silves-
1806, and sentenced Ben, a negro slave, who was convicted

of a rape, and
R. Livingston, and Israel Spencer associates, at
Dan Beathew, convicted of

life.
burglary, to
the
trial
of the robbers.
imprisonment was sentenced

ber,
for
Cresar Johnson, a black man, was
In July, 1791, Peleg White, alms William Williams, was convicted on two indictments for larceny, and sentenced
to receive thirty-nine lashes
transported for felony, in ISOS.

to
Daniel Burr, for sodomy,

for
life, in
imprisonment
1811).
In Octoto a life
on that day (Saturday), thirty-
1812, John Prosser,
for arson,
was sentenced

imprisonment, and three accomplices received a sentence of
fourteen years' confinement.
NEW
YORK.
At
half-past eleven a.m. they
guilty.
63
and were sent back.

into court again,
and returned a verdict of

life,
came Bough-
At
the September oyer and terminer, 1817, Margaret
ton was sentenced to State's prison for
but was pardoned
Houghtaling, alias Peggy Densmore, was indicted and tried

for the
by Governor Young,
progress of the
trial
after a brief confinement.
During the
murder of a
child, of wliich she
was convicted, and
the attorney-general, Mr.
Van Buren,
in
sentenced to be hanged Oct. 17 following, and was executed.
and Mr. Jordan, attorney
for the defense, indulged
The next execution was
that of
Joseph Brown, alias Joseph
passage at arms, which resulted in the execution of

fo llowing order of the court
tlie
Barney, indicted Jan. 15, 1868, for the murder of Angeline

Stewart, alias Angie Brown, of Canaan, by burning her to
"Sept.
4, 9 o'clock,
a.m.
Ambrose
L.
Jordan and John Van Bu-
death in a house which he set

April, before
justice,
fire
to.
He
was
tried in
ren having been severally guilty of disorderly and contemptuous be-
Judge Rufus
W.
Pcckhaui, Supreme Court

S.
havior during the sitting of this court, within the immediate view
and James E. Christie and George
Snyder,
and presence, and

to
directly tending to interrupt its proceedings

its
and
impair the respect due

L.
jail of the
authority,
it is
ordered that the said
justices
of sessions, and convicted, and .sentenced to be
Ambrose
County
hours."
hanged
May
30, and was accordingly executed.
Hon. Jonas
Jordan and .Tohn Van Buren be imprisoned in the County of Columbia for the space of twenly-four
Piatt, a justice of the

I.
Supreme Court, and L. M. Goes, R.
Goes, and H. Dayton, commissioners of oyer and terminer,
tried
Margaret Houghtaling.
At many
the
March term, 1840,
five
indictments against as
different persons
were presented for appearing armed
Smith A. Boughton ("Big Thunder") and Mortimer

C. Belding ("Little
and disguised.
nol. pros'd. in
These and seven other similar ones were

September, 1846, including the one against
Thunder") were
indicted,
February,
1845, for taking from the sheriff of Columbia county, on

the 11th of December, 1844, certain distress warrants on the Livingston grants, and for such ofliense Boughton was
tried at
Belding.
At
eral
filed
the April oyei" and terminer, 1824, there was a genfelicity.
time of
The grand jury had no
business,
and
the
March oyer and

upon a
terminer.
The
trial
began
30,
a congratulatory report with the board of supervisors

jailer,
March
unable
20, and the jury returned into court

to
March
on the good morals of the county, praised the
and
agree
verdict,
and were discharged.
condemned the roof of the

house and
jail,
and commended the almsDaniel Smith was
Fourteen witnesses were sworn for the people and thirtyone for the defense.
spiracy,
city Bridewell of
Hudson.
and robbery.
The indictment charged riot, conHon. Amasa J. Parker, circuit

Boughton was again brought
to
the foreman, and Charles Esselstyne the clerk, of the grand

inquest.
judge, and Peck, Holdridge, Martin, Wilcoxson, and Clyde,

judges, held the
trial in
THE CIRCUIT COURT OF COLUMBIA COUNTY

was
first
trial.
September, 1845, before Judge Edmunds, as circuit
held,
for
civil
business,
June 30, 1823, Hon.
judge, and associates as before.

general of
John Van Buren, attorney-
Samuel R.
Betts, circuit judge, presiding.
New
York, conducted the prosecution, assisted
by Theodore
Miller, district attorney.
James Storm and
THE SUPREME COURT OF NEW YORK

held a special term in
Ambrose L. Jordan defended the prisoner.

were Peter Gardenier, farmer, Kinderiiook
Clark, merchant,
;
;
The
jurors
Hudson
for the first time,
beginning
J.
Bartlett V.
July
7,
1847, for equity business, Hon.
Amasa
Parker
Chatham
Elish.i
Fingar, farmer, Ger;
presiding.
mantown Benson Simpson, merchant, Hillsdale Richard Van Alstyne, mechanic, Chatham Philander S. Gifford, farmer, Chatham James B. Van Valkenburgh, farmer,
; ;
The
first
first
judgment entered up
in
the courts of the
county was by confession, Oct. 30, 1786.
Previous to the
term of the court, so far as appears of record, there

to
Chatham
William A. Case, farmer, Chatham

farmer, Stuyvesant
;
Abraham
were judgments entered by confession amounting

Is. 8(/.,
.685
Van Dyck,
Stuyvesant;
Philip
Jeremiah Manton, farmer,

inn-keeper,
and numbered thirteen
in all;
two of them entered
Abraham Raymond,
Ghent; and
Mickle, farmer, Chatham.

for the people,
Forty witnesses were

for the defense.
by John Bay, three by K. K. Van Rensselaer, two by E. Gilbert, three by E. Pratt, and tliree by J. C. Wynckoop.
sworn
suit
and forty-nine
The
The
first
one was in favor of Thomas Thomson, and
ag-.iinst
was
called Sept. 3,
and the time from and including
Jonatlian Holcomb, for the amount of
32 damages and
that day to the 17lh, also inclusive, was occupied in im-
14s. costs.
The
to
costs in the
whole number of judg-
panelling a jury, but four of the regular panel being accepted.
ments amounted
46
Id.
The
first
witness. Sheriff
Henry
C.
Miller, on
whom
the outrage was committed, was sworn on the 17th,
THE COUNTY COURT OF COLU.MBIA COUNTY

held
its
first
and the testimony was closed on the 26th.
Mr. Jordan
session in the
fall
of 1847, Judge
John T.
commenced summing up
27th.
for the defense
on the evening of
Hogeboom
presiding,
the
the 26th, and closed at five o'clock on the evening of the
abolished from and after the
common pleas having been first Monday of July, 1847.
The
attorney-general opened for the people at half-
past six
o'clock P.M. on
the 27th, and concluded at a
THE SURROa.iTE'S COURT.

The
first
first
quarter past four o'clock on
Monday
evening, the 29th.
session of the surrogate
Judge Edmonds occupied three hours
in
charging the jury,

at half-past
ack, April
18, 1787, Killian
was begun at ClaverK. Van Rensselaer being the

Petitions for letters of admin-
who
retired,
under charge of four constables,
surrogate of the county.
eight P.M. on the 29th, and returned into court at half-past

eight A.M. on the 30th, and reported their inability to agree,
istration on the estate of

decea.sed,
Sarah Van Hoesen, of Claverack,

letters
were
filed,
and
were granted
May 2
to Cor-
64
NEW
YORK.
Van Buren,
first
Van Hoesen, of Coxsackie district, Albany county. in the sum of one thousand pounds. New York currency, were given, with Justice Van Hoesen, of Hudson, and Lawrence Fonda, of Claveraok, as sureties. The letnelius
of Chatham, Sept. 24, 1808, by Martin

gate,
surro-
Bonds
under the act of 1802
" authorizing surrogates to
appoint guardians for infants."
This was the
appoint-
ment by the surrogate

had appointed
made,
also
in
the county.
The
general sessions
ters are dated " in the eleventh year of
freedom and inde-
pendence," and run in the name of " the People of the State
of
New
York, by the grace of God free and independent."

conditioned for the returning of an inventory
before. The first assignment of dower was by Mr. Van Buren, the same year, the same being that of Christina, widow of Hcndrik Scheelt, deceased, of
The bond was

to
Claverack.
John
J.
Mesick,
Harman Sagandorph, and

petition for the sale of
filed,
the court of probates of
New
York, and the report of the
John
I.
Miller were the commissioners.

first
administration to be examined and approved by that court.
In 1801, October 16, the

real estate
In August, 1787, the condition of the bond of Angus McDonald, as administrator of the estate of Rodolphus Ding-
of a decedent to pay debts was
the
same
being
in
the estate of
John
C. Miller, Jr., intestate.
The
man, of Claverack
district,
was
for the return of the
in-
order of sale was granted December C, under the act of
ventory to the surrogate court of Columbia county, but the

final
March
gates,"
27, 1801, " conferring additional powers on surro-
report was to be
made
to
the court of probates.

full jurisdiction
In
and was made by \V. W. Van Ness, surrogate.
1802 administrators were under the

surrogate,
all
of the
reports being returned to and approved
by
THE mayor's court OP HUDSON.

This tribunal, though
local,
him, and wills probated also by bim.
was nevertheless
for
many
The
makes
she
first will
that appears of record in the surrogate's

It
years an important one in the county, and as such deserves
office is that
of Lucas Goes, registered Jan. 21, 1804.
a notice in this connection.
It
was instituted with the
.specific
bequests to relatives, and gives a negro boy,
charter of the city, in 1785, and had civil jurisdiction only.
" Dick," then sixteen years old, to the testator's wife, while
lives,
For the past thirty years

naturalization
its
chief business has been the
and then he was
to be sold to
" a
good master"
to be
of aliens.
its
Justices' courts
its
and the police
to serve until
free.
he was forty years of age, when he was
court
now
take
place in
former jurisdiction.
The
and
The money
Harr and
the boy Dick brought by his sale was to
court, prior to 1854, for a time
was held by three

was
justices.
The testator manumitted his The bulk of the estate was devised to sisters and brothers and their children. The executors were a brother of the testator, John Goes, Jr., and his nephews. Jacobus L. and James I. Van Alen. The will was dated August 21, 1803, and witnessed by Myndert P. Vosburgh, John Pennoyer, and Lucretia Vosburgh, who
go
to
two devisees named.

his wife.
In the latter year the
first
police justice
elected,
slave
from that time

then the
first
to
1872 continued
to be elected,
but since
office
has been an appointive one.
The
court
when
established was held
men, or any three of

one.
by the ma^r, recorder, and alderthem, of whom the mayor must be

first
The
court opened for the

:
time,
June
7,
1785, with
testified to the
due execution of the
will,
and the competency
the following presence
Seth Jenkins, Esquire, mayor

;
of the testator to make the same, before

surrogate, Jan. 13, 1804.
W. W. Van
in
Ness,
Nathaniel Greene, recorder
and Ezra Reed, William MayThere being no business,

in July.
On
the same day letters testa-
hew, Benjamin Folger, aldermen.

the court adjourned
till
mentary were granted
to the executors
named
the
will.
the
first
Tuesday
At the
Oror,
The second
announced
cipally,
will
was probated Jan. 27, 1804, the same
July term there were nine cases on the docket, John Bay
being that of Zachariah Standish, a physician,

his faith in his
first
who thus
:
and Ezekiel Gilbert being the attorneys
in attendance.
ante-mortem statement
" Prin-
ders in each case were entered for pleas in ten days,

default,
in
and
of
all,
I give ray soul into the hands of

it,
judgment would be entered
for
want of same, with

was ruled
to give
Almighty God, who gave

be buried
in
and
my
body
to the earth, to
one exception, in which the

security for costs.
alized
effijct.
plaintiff'
decent Christian burial, at the direction of
my
Andrew Mayfield Carshore was

cases
naturto
executors, nothing doubting but at the general

shall receive the
judgment I
in
pursuance of the act of the Legislature

the
that
same again by the power of God."

in
At
:
August term two
had the same order

including the
Andries Shirts, inn-keeper

negro
Livingston, devised two
for pleas
one fieri facias was returned by the marshal,

seized thereon certain
real
women
life,
slaves to his wife
and daughter, for their use

slaves to
who had
estate,
during
be
free.
and on the death of the devisees the
dwelling-house, store-house, shed, and brewery of
John
I.
Their own decea.se
may have
enfranchised them
A. Moder, the writ being issued

ton.
in
favor of Cotton Gels-
sooner.
tains
An
old lady gave a son a pair of " old calico cur-
writ of veiulitioni exponas was ordered out on the
which she earned while living with him," and the

to her daughter,
same.
remainder of her property
with
whom
she
At
the September term the
first
jury
trial
was had, the
was living
at the time of her death.
jurors being Titus Morgan, Ileuben Fulgcr, Peter Fields,
The
will
of Johan Silbernagel, written in the
Dutch
Its
Shubael Worth, Dan Paddock, William TunniclifFe, Cotton

Gelston, Silas Bunker, William Hardick, Nathaniel Porter,
language, was proven and recorded

caption was as follows
:
June
wille
4,
1805.
" Diess
ist
mein
und testament,
in
and Elihu Bunker.

plaintiff,
Thirteen witnesses were sworn for the

five for the
und
ich
babe
in
es
bey volkomen Beweert seyn

ein
Deutsche
Sprache
Jahr nach Christte Gebert,

fienf,
tousand acht
Thomas Denton, and Barnard. The jury gave the

damages and sixpence
costs,
defendant, Jacob
plaintiff
twenty-four pounds
>u'si
hundert und
den achten tag Appriels."
and judgment
was entered
Letters of guardianship were granted to Nathan Gillett,
on the verdict, Mr. Bay appearing for the
plaintiff.
guardian of Nathan
Gillett, Jr.,
son of Elizabeth Gillett,
At
the December term,
Ambrose Spencer and H. L.

Hosmer were admitted
to
NEW
YORK.
G5
practice in the court.
seal
burn, third Tuesday in November.
Special terms are held
bearing the device of an anchor, with the legend "
Hudson
by appointment
at
Oswego, Plattsburg, or Watertown
Mayor's Court Seal," was adopted
as the seal of the court.
and
a special session in admiralty at Buffalo, on
Tuesday
David Van Schaack and Herman Pruyn took the oath of

allegiance to
of each week.
New
York, Sept.
5,
1786, and also James

as an attor-
Brebner.
K. K. Van Rensselaer was admitted

this term.
THE COURT OP APPEALS OF NEW YORK.

Sanford E. Church, Albion, chief judge
Dec. 31, 1884.
;
ney of the court at
term expires
In March, 1787, rules of admission to practice in the

court were adopted, requiring of the applicant a certificate
Associate judges: William F. Allen, Os-
wego, term expires Dec. 31, 1878; Charles A. Rapallo,
of three years' clerkship
in
the
office
of some attorney of
New York
the State, and also of good mora! character.
city, term expires Dec. 31, 1884; Charles Andrews, Syracuse, term expires Dec. 31, 1884; Charles
The
federal
courts of justice which exercise jurisdiction over
J. Folger, Geneva, term expires Dec. 31,

Miller,
1884; Theodore
the people of Columbia county, within the bounds of the
Hudson,
term
expires
Dec.
31,
1886;
Robert
and State constitutions, at the present time are
as
Earl, Herkimer, term expires Dec. 31, 1890.
Edwin 0.
follows
Perrin, clerk, Jamaica
F. Stanton Perrin, deputy clerk,

;
Albany
THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

Morrison R. Waite, Ohio,
chief-ju.stice,
crier,
Hiram E. Sickels, reporter, Albany Amos Dodge, Albany Andrew J. Chester, attendant, Albany
;
appointed 1874;
ju,tice,
Jeremiah Cooper, attendant, Lenox.
Nathan
Clifford, Portland,
Maine, associate
1858
;
Ward Hunt,
Utica,
N. Y.,
associate justice,
1873
;
Wm.
The
THE SUPREME COURT OP NEW YORK.

general
Strong, Philadelphia, Penn., associate justice, 1870
Joseph
;
terms of the third judicial department,
P. Bradley, Newark, N. J., associate justice, 1870
H. Swayne, Columbus, Ohio, associate justice, M. Harlan, Kentucky, associate justice, 1877
Miller,
Noah 1862; John

Samuel F.
Stephen J.
consisting of the third, fourth, and sixth judicial districts,
holden by
Wm.
L. Learned, Albany, presiding justice
and
Augustus Bockea, Saratoga Springs, and Douglas Boardman, Ithaca,

associate justices.
Keokuk, Iowa,
San
Francisco,
associate justice,
Cal.,
1862
Field,
associate justice,
clerk
;
1863;
D.
Wesley Middleton, of Washington,

of Indiana, reporter
;
William T. Otto,
John G.
Nicolay, of Illinois, marshal.
THE CIRCUIT COURTS, COURTS OP OYER AND TERMINER, AND SPECIAL TERMS OP THE SUPREME COURT,
held in Columbia county, in the third judicial district,
Tiie court holds one general term at Washington, D.
C,
commencing on the second Monday
in
October.
comprising the counties

Rensselaer,
of Albany,
Columbia, Greene,
Schoharie,
Sullivan,
and Ulster.
Judges:
;
UNITED STATES COURT OF CLAIMS.

Charles D. Drake, Missouri, chief-justice, commissioned
Theodore Miller Hudson, term expires Dec. 31, 1884

Charles Ingalls, Troy, term expires Dec. 31, 1885
L.
Wm.
Dec. 12, 1870

ciate justice,
Illinois,
Edward A. Loring, Massachusetts,
asso-
Learned, Albany, term expires Dec. 31, 1884; Theo-
commissioned
May
6,
1858
Ebenezer Peck,
dore R. Westbrook, Kingston, term expires Dec. 31, 1887.
associate justice,
commissioned
May
10,
1863
Charles C. Nott,
New
;
York, associate justice, commis-
THE COUNTY COURT.

Hon. Hugh W. McClellan, county judge, term expires
Dec. 31, 1883; Levi P. Longley, clerk, term expires Dec.
31, 1879; H.
sioned Feb. 22, 1865

tice,
W.
A. Richardson, associate jus;
Massachusetts, commi.Sfioned June 2, 1874

clerk, Massachusetts.
Archibald
Hopkins, chief
M. Hanor,
sheriff,
term expires Dec. 31,
1879.
TgE CIRCUIT COURT OP THE UNITED STATES,

for the second circuit (including
GENERAL SESSIONS OF THE PEACE.
New York, Vermont, and

associate
justice,
Hugh W.
31,
McClellan, county judge, term expires Dec.

justice sessions, term
Connecticut).
circuit judge,
Judges
and the
at
Ward Hunt,
1883; Philip Rockefeller,
ex-
district judge.
are held for the northern district
Terms of this court of New York (including

in
pires Dec. 31,

sions, term
clerk,
district
1878
Henry
Dec.
P.
Van Hoesen,
1878;
Dec.
justice ses-
expires
31,
Levi
F.
Longley,
Columbia county)
Albany, second Tuesday

in
October;
term expires Dec. 31, 1879;

attorney, term
sheriff,
John
31,
B. Longley,
Canandaigua, third Tuesday

for civil
June
also
adjourned term,
expires
1880;
H. M.
business only, at Albany, third Tuesday in Janat
Hanor,
term expires Dec. 31, 1879.
uary, and
Utica,
third
Tuesday
in
Slarch.
Charles
Mason, clerk northern
division, office at Utica.
surrogate's court.
Isaac N. Collier, surrogate; term expires Dec. 31, 1883.
THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES,

for the northern district of
lace,
New
York.
William
clerk,
J.
Wal-
THE M.AYOr's court OF HUDSON,

the police court of that
city,
district judge,
Syracuse; Richard Crowley, district

;
and the several
justices of the
attorney,
Lockport
Winfield
Robbins,
Buffalo;
the
peace in the towns of the county.
Isaac F.
Quimby, marshal, Rochester.

:
The terms of
in
court are held as follows
Albany, third Tuesday

in
Jan-
THE BOARD OP SUPERVISORS.

The board of supervisors, as the fiscal manager of the county, has come down from the "good old colony times,
uary
Utica, third
in
Tuesday
March
Rochester, second
in
Tuesday
9
May;
Buffalo, third
Tuesday
August; Au-
66 when the people

lived
NEW
YORK.
under the king," and dates
its
be-
'
Vuu. No.
ginning in an act of the Colonial Assembly of

passed in April, 1691.*
New
York,
'
1. The board agreed to allow Cornelius Fonda, for his attendance as messenger this setting 0 08 00 Vou. No. 2. The board allowed Gab. Esselstyne for
By
this act
it
was provided that

the former to as-
his
bill
of expenses
2 15 00
the freeholders of the colony should elect two assessors and
3 03 00
" The board then adjourned
till
one supervisor
sess
in their respective
towns
the 21st July next, at ten o'clock a.m."
and establish the rates on each freeholder and inhabit-
ant,
and deliver the
list to
the supervisor,
who
took
it
up
On July 21
full
the board met pursuant to adjournment, the
to a general meeting of the supervisors of the county,
who
ordered the same collected by the constables or collectors of

the several towns.
board being present, except Mr. Livingston. Mr. Van Schaack was elected moderator pro tan. The following
a county treasurer,
for
The supervisors, as who received and
a board, also elected
town accounts were allowed

Kinderhook.
disbursed the funds
county charges.
This act was repealed Oct. 18, 1701,

special sessions, held
Election e.tpenses, 1785-86

Pauper relief. Lands and damages
Supervisor
for roads....
and courts of general or

tices
by the jus-
33 38 28
13 2
18
3
3 6
Highway commissioners
of the peace of the county, or any five of them, were
16 16 18 10
9
created, to
make
the necessary levies of taxes and audit
116
claims,
in each
and
certify the
same
to
two assessors and a collector

This court also ap10, 1703, the super-
German Camp.
Elections
Supervisor
5
1
town
for collection
pro rata.
4
14
8
8
pointed the county treasurer.

visors
On June
in
were restored again and put
charge of the strong
Livingston Manor.
Elections
Pauper
relief
12
5
box of the treasury, and the courts of sessions relieved of

the care of the financial interests of the county, and the
supervisors required to meet as a board at the county town,
17 16 10 10 16
1
Claverack. Elections Commissioners of highways

Supervisor Dr. W. V. Wemple
10
8
annually, on the
first
Tuesday
in
October, and at such other

for the transaction
2
9
limes as they might

their business.
deem proper
of
30
17
The board
pound
received back again, also, the
Kings
District.
power of appointment of county treasurer, who was allowed

a sixpence on the
for his fees, the collectors getting
Pauper
Roads
relief.
49
12
2
Assessors Supervisor
17 15
54
120
16 17
5
6
7
ninepence for their fees of collection.
The system of
the
Hillsdale District. Roads
supervisors has been continued under the several constitutions of the State to the present time.
Sundries
Assessors Elections
book of minutes of the board of supervisors of the county of Columbia is still in good preservation. The
first
The
17 12 14 23
4
7
15
proceedings of the board

as follows
:
at
the
first
meeting are recorded

Total 360
6
"In parsuaDce
Act
to
of an aci of the State of
divide the County of Albany into
New York entitled Two Counties,' passed
'an
the
The apportionment of
follows
:
taxes for the year

District Tax.
1786 was as
Total.
fourth day of April, 1786, the supervisors for the county of Columbia
met
County Tax.
at the house of Gabriel Esselstyne, in Claverack,
and were duly
Kinderhook
Hillsdale
>.
d.
386 207 320 626 212

6P 181
I.
d.
tf
qualified, on the first
Tuesday
in
June, 1786 (June
6,
bers present: John Livingston,
Manor Livingston;
MemCornelius Van
1786).
Sohaaok, Kinderhook
Peter Wiessmer, Claverack; William Powers,

Hillsdale;
Kings
Livingston Manor Claverack
269 140 200 609

181 53 181
15
10
5
IIA 67 120
17
18 15
5
9 7
13 15
15
Kings;
James Bryan,
John Kortz, German
Camp;
The
30
6
Thomas Jenkins, Hudson. "The board nominated John Livingston

board then proceeded
supervisors,
offices.
their moderator.
German Camp Hudson

Totalf
15
5
16 17 14
16 2 9
5
to elect
a county treasurer and clerk to the

the two
at eight
1636
10
360
1995
16
when Walter Vrooman Weraple was elected to The board then adjourned till to-morrow morning
On
full
Sept. 5, 1786, the supervisors
met
to divide a
quota
o'clock.
of 2300, under the act of April 29 of

All the members The board then pro-
that year, the
" The supervisors met pursuant to adjournment.

as yesterday, e.xcept Mr. Wiessmer, present.
board being present, ejtcept Messrs. Livingston and
ceeded
to
divide the quotas
among
the several districts, as follows:

Ratio.
Powers.
Mr. Jenkins moved
to to
reduce
so,
the
quota of
Quota.
Hudson, but the board refused
do
and Mr. Jenkins
Kinderhook
Hillsdale
Kings
241 125 179
Manor Livingston
Claverack
544 162
48 162 1461
4,820 2,500 3,580 10,880 3,240
entered his protest against the action.

several towns were fixed as follows
The quotas of
the
German Camp Hudson
960
3,240
Kinderhook Kings
Claverack
Hudson
29.220
379 281 255 255
Hillsdale
16
Manor Livingston German Camp
196 856
75
"The board resolved that fifteen hundred pounds {with the adsum of nine pence in (he pound for collecting) shall be raised towards building the county courthouse and gaol (1500).
ditio*Dal
'*
On
Jan. 23, 1787, the board met again, the members
all
present except Mr. Powers.
The
trustees for erecting the
The
court-house and
jail
asked for the remaining
500 allowed
19, 1786,
in the
treasurer's bond for the performance of hands of Mr. Livingston.

Bradford's Ed. Colonial
his office
is
deposited
for the public buildings
by the Legislature April

;
Laws.
t $4088.75
$900.79
$4989.54.
; ;

and the same was voted accordingly, the apportionment
being
as
follows
:
NEW
YORK.
67
Kinderhook, 83
Hillsdale,
43
Kings, 61; Livingston,

;
186
Claverack,
55; Hudson,
its
55 German Camp, 17. At the May meeting, 1787, Clermont

pervisor to the board, Samuel
sent
first
su-
Ten Broeck.
The board
was passed
for
canvassed the returns of the election for members of the As-
sembly under the act of Feb. 13, 1786.

to allow assessoi's
A vote
and supervisors six shillings per day
services.
The
first
State tax was levied at the September
session of the board,
amounting
tributed to the several towns as follows
294 Claverack, Kinderhook, 435; Hillsdale, German Camp, 72. The total county tax was 157 13s. lOd., of which ClerThe town taxes amounted to 712 mont's quota was 12. Collectors were required to 4s., Clermont paying 13 9s.
637
Kings,
2400 (86000), disManor Livingston, 288 Clermont, 181 205; Hudson, 288;
to
:
return their bad debts within ten days of September 4, or
be held accountable for the same, under act of April 29,
1786.
On May
29, 1788, the board met to canvass the returns
of the election for members of Assembly and for delegates

to the convention to act
also to divide
upon the
1788.
federal constitution,
and
under act
13th of
600 of March
month
to be raised for court-house

14,
purposes,
additional
In June
1250
jail.
were raised to complete the court-house and

this
On
the
a settlement with
the trustees of the
court-house was had, and on their report
600
only were
;
ordered paid for the completion of the buildings
but the
next board, in May, 1789, voted

same.
600 more
to complete the
Among
the contingent expenses allowed by this
board, was a charge of eight shillings by the public executioner for whipping a negro by order of the court.
An amount
from 1778
to
of
7520
12.?.
3d. was found

as
due Albany
tax
lists
county from Columbia county
arrearages on
1785, which amount was divided among the

to the
towns according
quota they were then placed
in.
Fifty pounds additional for the jail were appropriated.
In 1793 a settlement was made with the trea.surer for

the six years preceding, and a balance of
100
10s. lid.
found
in his
hands, the rest of the funds for the entire term

for.
being properly and correctly accounted

sides this,
He
had, be3rf.,
advanced on the taxes of 1789 169 10s.
which was ordered paid back to him.
Two
and
days " extra ordi-
nai-y" were added to the accounts of supervisors of Canaan,

Hillsdale,
Kinderhook,
Clermont,
Germautown, on
distributed
account of the distance from the county-seat.
In 1795 the
first
public-school
moneys were
to the inhabitants of the
county, and were as follows, with

;
the
number of taxable inhabitants
Taxable!
Livingston
Hillsdale
CanauD
Claverack
Hudson
Kinderhook
Chatham
Clermont German town
Total
853 630 549 449 411 387 321 175 100
159
3S75
68

In 1819,
NEW
;
YORK.
to
New Lebanou
sent
John King,
19,737
its
first
super-
tion of accounts
prevail, an
when the evening shades were about

till
visor, to the board, its first assessment
and taxation as a
acres,
adjournment was had
morning."
is
separate town being as follows:

equalized,
S367, 692
;
The
list
of members of the board tf supervisors
given
S267,436
State
personal property, S10,549
total,
in the civil list of the county.
277,985.
tax,
277.98;
8105.16
county
;
tax,
S207.29
town
tax,
81267.54;
fees,
total list,
$1857.97.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
In 1821, David Dunbar was appointed sealer of weights
The
fii-st
court-house erected
It cost about
in
Columbia county was at

curIt
and measures, and 880 appropriated

In 1823, Stuyvesantcanie
person of P.
I.
for standards.
in the
Claverack.
89000 (3600 New York

is
to the
first
county legislature
supervisor.
rency), and was built in 1786-88.
now
the mansion of
Vosburgh, her
The
assess:
Peter Hoffman.
It
remained the court-house until 1806, at
ment and
estate,
taxation of the
new town were
as follows
real
8464,583; equalized, 8239,160; personal property, 852,750; total, 8291,910. State tax, 8291.91; county tax, 8249.13; town tax, 8937.59; fees, 864.55; total list,
81543.18.
In 1824, Copake entered the board, William Murray
being the
first
which time a building was provided in Hudson, the countyseat having been removed to that city in 1805. Killian K.
Van
Rensselaer, the
first
surrogate, opened his office at the

in
house of Dr. Joseph Mullins,

of the
site for
Claverack
village.
The deed
the court-house at Claverack was executed by
supervisor of the town.

:
The assessment
for
real estate, 8387,197; equalized, 8199,068; personal property, 820,190; total, 8219,258; State tax, 8109.63; county tax, 8148.79; town tax,
the year was as follows
June 7, 1780, and conveyed the site to John Livingston, William Powers, Cornelius Van Schaack, James Bryant, Peter Weismer, Thos. Jenkins, and JohanGabriel EsseLstyne,
nes Kirtz, they being the board of supervisore of the county.
The
consideration was 20, and the deed was
made under
81500.64;
fees,
855.34;
total list,
81814.40.
the act of organization of the county, April 4, 1786, which

located the county-seat at or near the old church at Claverack.
In 1827 the movement for a county poor-farm and alms-
house began, the

in this chapter.
details
of which will be found elsewhere
The
premi.ses were described as follows
at a certain point on a course S.

petit
" Beginning 52 E. distant 2 chains 18

:
In 1831 grand and

service in the courts,
jurors
were
fii-st
paid
for
links from
the northeasterly corner of the
now
dwelling-
82500 being raised for In 1833, Stockport came in first to the

Its lands
the purpose.
board, George
house of said Gabriel Esselstyne, running from said point

or beginning N.
44 E. 4 chains, then
S.
50 E.
chain
Chittenden being the supervisor.

at
were assessed
Its real
;
71
links,
then S. 44
1
W.
4 chains to the old church, then
829 per
acre, there
being 6543 acres returned.

at
N. 50
W.
chain 71 links to the beginning."

''livery
This deed
estate
was assessed at 8348,864, and equalized

;
8189,747
was indorsed with receipts and

given," and signed "
and
seizin
made and
personal property, 882,588
total,
8272,335.
County
total
tax,
list,
Thomas
Williams, Jun., Walter V.
8556.76;
81416.45.
raised.
town
tax,
8787.45;
fees,
872.74;
for
Weraple."
Probably the most intensely interesting scene ever witnessed within the walls of the old court-house at Claverack
883
for schools
and 8500
highways were
In 1835 the tax on the Hudson Whaling Co., for 1834,
was that of the

libel.
trial
of Harry Croswell, of Hudson, for
was refunded, 8251.44.

In 1836 the
board, 8297.37.
first
In the year 1803 the Hudson Bdlcnice newspaper

a violent attack on President Jefferson, for
sheep damages were allowed by the
made
which
offense the editor,

first
Mr. Croswell, was indicted
for libel
by
In 1837, Greenport sent her

the same being
supervisor to the board,

Its assessment
the grand jury of Columbia county.
The
case was tried
Hugh
McClellan.
and taxReal
;
before Chief- Justice Lewis, at the February term (1804)
ation were as follows:

estate assessment,
11,165 acres at 818 per

at
acre.
of the
Supreme Court, and was
the occasion of the greatest
8307,980, equalized
;
8200,970
866.39;
pertax,
total,
public excitement, as well from the importance of the question at issue
sonal
property, 872,300
total,
8273,270.
fees,
County
as on account of the high position and preIt
8614.28;
81271.43.
town
tax,
8590.76;
eminent ability of the counsel employed.

people, and for the defendant by William
was argued
34
dogs.
by Ambrose Spencer, attorney-general, on the part of the
In 1847 the board divided the county into two Assembly

districts,
W. Van
Ness,
pursuant to law, and recommended that the Legis-
Harrison, and Alexander Hamilton.

of the
trial,
correspondent
lature be petitioned to abolish the ofiice of superintendent
New York
Evenuig Post, describing the scenes of the

Attorney-Genof
of schools, declared the

gate separate, and
offices
of county judge and surroelection of a special
after giving an account of the plea of
recommended the
eral
Spencer
for the prosecution,
and the
effort
Van Ness
great,
county judge and special surrogate.

In 1851 there were appropriated for the inmates of the poor-house 8132 for tobacco and snufl^, besides the tobacco
raised on the farm.
for the defendant,
continued
" After all
came the
the powerful Hamilton.
No
language can convey an ade-
quate idea cf the astonishing powers evinced by him.
The
them
it
The committee thought

if
the
amount
audience was numerous, and, although composed of those

not used to the melting mood, the effect produced on
extravagant and the articles useless, and
the practice of
such allowances must be continued 850 per ample.
aunum was
was
electric!
... As
;
a correct
argument
for a
lawyer
was very imposing

passed."
as a profound
commentary upon the

it
In 1852 the clerk was rather poetical
in his records, as
science and practice of government
has never been sur-
the entry of an adjournment at the regular session seems to testify " The coniniitties spent some time in the examina:
The
court, however, instructed the jury that the
only question for them to decide was whether the alleged

language had been published by Mr. Croswell, and that the
question of
libel
69
also
to build a
new
fire-proof clerk's office, but
it
failed.
was
to be decided
wholly by the court;

re-
This year the Baptist society was given the privilege of

occupying the larger court-room
for
and
so,
notwithstanding the brilliant defense, the case
worship on Sunday.
sulted adversely to the defendant.
Five months after

pistol
this,
In 1820 another movement was made on the board of

supervisors for a petition to the Legislature for authority to
levy a tax for building a fire-proof clerk's
office,
the brilliant Hamilton
fell
by the
of Aaron Burr.
As a specimen of some of the amenities of those days, we note an advertisement of Peter B. Ten Broeck, wherein he branded the surrogate Van Rensselaer as " a coward, The surrogate repussillanimous, and destitute of truth."
plied in terms no less
but nothing
came of
a tax of
it.
In
1822 the movement was

to
successful, the
board signing a petition to the Legislature for leave to levy
emphatic and
explicit,
but nothing
pas.sed the
81000 same
build such an
office,
and the
act
was
year.
In 1823 the board resolved to build

specifica-
more came of the
affair.
during that year, and a committee on plans and

tions
was appointed, the same being Supervisors

erect an
Bay,
COURT-UOUSES AND JAILS.

In 1805, after
Dakin, Poucher, Jno. P. Beekman, and

city
Van Deusen. The

addition to
to
much
earnest and persistent opposition,
was granted permission
to
the
the county-seat was removed from Claverack to the city of
building for a city clerk's
office,
and the building was
be
its
Hudson, the common council transferring the
city hall to
located on the east end of the court-house square, with
the county for a court-house, and voting also the
82000 and
which
latter
a lot of land for the erection of a
sum of new jail,

is
gable-end on Warren street.

erected,
The
building was accordingly

it
and
in
1826 a portion of
was
rebuilt to
make
it
was ready
for
the reception of prisoners in
secure and dry.
In 1829 the judges of the common pleas
October of that year.
It
was the same building which
called the attention of the supervisors to the miserable con-
now occupied by The room which

garet
the Htidson Giizelte

is
and Daily
same
in
Register.
dition
of the court-house and
jail,
and an appropriation
now
the business office of the editor

is
of $75 was
and proprietor, Mr. Williams,
the
which Mar-
made for repairs. In 1833 a movement for a new court-house and
jail
was
Houghtaling was confined
after
conviction of the
to
inaugurated, a committee being appointed on plans, cost of

buildings, the
crime of child-murder, and from which she was led out

execution on the 17th of October, 1817.
Until the time
seat to
towards the same, and their location.
amount of contributions Hudson would make This committee was
when
its
it
was decided
to
remove the countydivided
composed of Supervisors Mellen, Pratt, and Sanders, who

reported,
offered to take the old county buildings
Hudson
as
the old city hall had remained in an un-
finished
condition,
upper story being

called,
into as
December 12, that the common council of Hudson and lots, at $7000,
ter-
" chambers,"
they were
for
which were used
and appropriate $3000 towards new buildings, and procure

warranty deeds for four acres, situate at the southerly
mination of Fourth
title to
school-rooms and
floor, originally
other
purposes, while
the ground
intended as a meeting-hall, had been de-
street,
for
$1000, and guarantee the
graded to inferior uses, and was then, or had recently been,

occupied as a warehouse for the storage of hay and other
coarse merchandise.
to
the county, provided the lot could be obtained, re-
serving to the corporation the same privileges as in the old

building.
to
When
the building was completed,

it
The board accepted
the proposition, and agreed
be used as a court-house,
was remodeled, and
its
proceed with the erection of the buildings at the next

if the council
original
arrangement reversed, to bring the
hall, or court-
meeting
special
procured the deed for the
lot.
At
room, into the upper story, and this was used not only by
several of the religious societies as a place of worship, but
for nearly all public gatherings, until after the completion
meeting, called Jan. 8, 1834, resolutions based on
the fulfillment of the proposition, or rather the security for

its
fulfillment,
were passed
to petition
the Legislature for
of the present court-house,
when
it
was vacated by the
authority to raise $8000, by loan, to build a court-house, to
county and sold
to
the Presbyterian society.
At
a special meeting of the board of supervisors, held in

at
John Sanders, be paid in four equal annual payments. James Mellen, and Lucas Hoes were the committee in
charge of the matter of the petition, and Sanders, Mellen,
Hudson,
the house of Philo Nichols,
May
14,
1805,
$1000 was appropriated towards building the new

a committee appointed to
lot
sell
;
jail,
and
and Pulver were a committee on conveyances between the

corporation of
the old court-house jail
and
to
Hudson and
the county, and also to receive
at Claverack for
S2000
but the property was sold

for
plans and specifications and proposals for the erection of
St. Paul's
church of Claverack
$1500, subject
This
jail.
to the
the building.
They were authorized

co.st
to contract
for its
dower of the wife of Gabriel Ksselstyne.

also appropriated to the erection of the
sum was
erection at a total
not exceeding $18,000.
At
a meet-
new
ing on Feb. 17, 1834, the question was raised as to the
Dr. Geo. Monell, of Claverack, and

son, supervisors, were the building
James Hyatt, of Hudcommittee on the new

original cost of the jail
passage of the foregoing resolution for contracting for the

erection of the building, but the board decided by vote that
court-house and
jail at
Hudson.
The
the same " did pass," and the action of the committee in
advertising for proposals was sanctioned.
was about $5000, was expended

for
as paid
by the county.
and $200
In 1809, $o00
Deeds were passed
new
colls
for repairs,
and every
between the county and the city
for the respective property
year to the time the building was abandoned by the county
of each, and the guarantees required of the city and the

citizens of
sums varying from $100

repairs
$500 were appropriated for on the court-house and jail. In 181G a movement
to
Hudson
for the
payment of the sum of $10,000
were accepted by the board of supervisors.
The
plan of
was inaugurated
or for building a
for a
thorough repair of the court-house,

as
the building reported by the committee was adopted, as " the
new one,
deemed most expedient, and
most economical, and properly answering the purposes of
70
NEW
YORK.
sisting of
The building committee was appointed, conJohn P. Mesicic, John W. Edmonds, and James Mellen, who were îven full authority to contract for the
the County."
ute on prisons; 81431.95 was appropriated for repairs; and

a communication from the superintendent of county build-
ings was received, stating that the estimate of the committee
erection of the building, and to modify plans if they
deemed
on the county
jail
was extravagant, and that 810,000 was
necessary, but not to such an

cost of
extent as to involve a total
ample
to
build a jail on the plan proposed by them, and
more than 1 9,500.

borrow the same
in
Application was
Legislature for leave to raise an additional
made to the sum of S2500,

for its pay-
and
to
advance of taxation
This communication was not received with the most friendly feelings by some of the board, and a resolution was offered
censuring the superintendent for volunteering advice on
matters foreign to his province, but
tract
it
that the old one could be reconstructed for 83000.
ment, from any source available, preference being made for
such loan from the public-school fund.
The
action of the
was tabled.
to
con-
board relative to the erection of new public buildings was

not accomplished without strong opposition.
position a
was made with the Albany penitentiary

county,
wliich
hold the
Out of
this op-
prisoners of Columbia
several years.
has continued for
movement was begun looking
to the erection of
new county from
the southern towns of Columbia and
The county judge, Hon.

comply with the law on
J. C.
Newkirk,
filed his
opinion
to
northern towns of Dutchess county, which movement was
as to the necessary steps to be taken prisons,
by the supervisors
discountenanced by the board of supervisors, and the

bers of the
to
mem-
and the committee there-
Assembly from Columbia county were requested
upon reported
to
in favor of building a
new
jail,
the cost not
oppose any attempt to divide the county.
exceed 810,000, but their report was tabled.
In 1833 the Legislature gave the requisite authority

Messrs. Mesick, Mellen,
to
In 1856 the supervisors voted
to
purchase from the city

fit it
the supervisors to erect the proposed public buildings, and
the council-room in the court-house for 81500, and

for
up
Edmonds, Van Valkenburgh, and
the county clerk's use.
The room was
accordingly
Henry
C. Miller were appointed commissioners under the
bought, and converted into a vault for the storing of the

records, and for a recording-room,
act to superintend their erection.
On
the 20th of De-
8900 being expended

fire-proof
in
cember, the commissioners advertised for proposals for the

construction of a main or centre building
the repairs and remodeling.

structed in the building.
for the
feet,
was
also con-
48
feet front
and
In 1867 a committee appointed

jail,
59
feet to the rear,
with portico and pediment across the
purpose reported plans for a new
40
feet
by 50
whole front 13
to be built for a
feet
wide
at the base, with six fluted colfeet
but nothing came of the movement.
In 1872 another
jail
umns, and two wings 34

jail,
by 44
feet.
The
east
wing
com-
committee was appointed on the subject of a new

the conversion of the old one inio a surrogate's
and
but
and the west
for a clerk's oflice,
office,
mon
council
room, and jury rooms.

to be of
The
front of the
no new building was projected, 82000 being appropriated

for repairs
whole building
Stockbridge marble, and the other
and improvements on the old one.
parts of blue mountain limestone, the

to the plans of an
sals
same being according

Three propo-
architect
named
Rector.
were received,
;
one
At this time a controversy arose between the country and city members of the board of supervisors respecting the
rights of the city to confine the city's prisoners convicted
for
$24,000, complete, by Addison
Alger
fied
one for 822,200, including $1439 for sundry speci-
by
tiie
police court in the county jail.
An
elaborate report
by Reuben G. Jared and Richard Mucy and Samuel Gilford and one from Burch, King & Waterman, for 820,735.52, from which certain specified items of furitems,
;
was made by Supervisor Sherman Van Ness, of Hudson, showing that the city became vested with such right by the
original
agreement
to furnish a court-house, a lot for a jail,
nishing were deducted, an alteration in plans effected, and the contract closed with the last-named firm, at 819,810.52.
and make a contribution of 82000 towards the erection of the latter. In that agreement the city reserved the right
to confine its prisoners in
At
the completion
of the building the commissioners

its
the county
in
jail,
and
to hold the
submitted an elaborate report of
cost,
which was stated

and com-
mayor's courts and council-meetings
the court-house, and
to be 826,211.51, including site of the building,
when the new building was

served in
it
erected the
same right was
re-
missioners' salaries,
a
in
barn,
his
wood-house, fence, and side-
by the
city
by the terms of the compact then
walks.
Mr. Miller,
"Sketches of Hudson," puts

This amount
made between
the board of supervisors and the
common
the cost of the building at about 835,000.
council of Hudson.
The
controversy was finally amicably

all
may, and probably does, include subsequent appropriations

for painting
adjusted to the satisfaction of
parties.
and
finishing,
is
and new work
in the jail.
In 1874 a committee's report
in
favor of the erection of a
The building
from the ground
two
stories in
height, being sixty feet
new
jail
secured no favorable action.

jail still
A similar
report
met
to
to the peak,
and
is
surmounted by a dome.
the same fate in 1875, and the

It has
remains undisturbed.
In 1853, at the annual meeting of the supervisors, their
been repaired from time

it
to time,
and remodeled
committee made an elaborate report, condemning the

totally
jail as
make
conform more nearly
to
the requirements of the

neither adequate to the
its
inadequate
lo
comply with the law and the wants of

jail
statute concerning prisons, but
it is
the county, and recommending the erection of a new
needs of the county, nor commensurate with

telligence,
wealth, in-
on the Auburn plan.
That committee was Peter Poucher,

Miller, and
ol'
and humanity.
H. W. Reynolds, Daniel Reud, John

Ovcrhiser.
rell,
J.
II.
The
public buildings are beautifully located on the verge
new committee,
consisting
Messrs. Far-
of a bluff overlooking the South bay and the majestic river.
Rhoda, and Fulton, was appointed

in
to consult
with the
The park
as
in front,
formerly
is
known
as
Washington, but now
county judge and district attorney

sary steps to be taken to
relation to the neces-
Court-House square,
covered with wide-arching elms and
make
the jail conform to the stat-
flanked by handsome residences.
From
the
dome
there are

grand and charming views of the Catskills
of the blue Berkshire
hills,
NEW
YORK.
71
in the west,
and
At
tion
the annual meeting of the supervisors in 1828, a pefor presentation to the Legislature for the
which bound the eastern horizon
was adopted
and, altogether, the surroundings of the Columbia county
passage of an act for authority to erect a county poor-house,
court-house are exceedingly beautiful and pleasing.

It
and
act.
to
send agents to Albany
to
procure the passage of such
may
interest the curious
to
know how much money

at
Messrs. Bushnell and Stebbins were appointed such
has been expended by way of repairs and improvements on

the two court-houses and
jails in
agents.
At
this time there
were
fifty-one paupers charge-
Hudson, and
much
pains
cor-
able to the county.
we have been enabled

rectly,
to state the
amounts very nearly
On
October 16 a committee was appointed
to ascertain
having compiled the same from the proceedings of
a suitable site for such poor-house, and to devise a plan for

the same, and ascertain the expense and plan of government,
the board of supervisors from year to year.
On
to the
the
first
courthouse and
jail in
Hudson, from 1806
building
of similar institutions, and report at the next meeting of the

board.
of the present one in 1835, the

repairs
jail,
sum
of 8.5450 was paid for
The committee was
Messrs.
Braraliall,
Patrie,
and improvements.
On
the second court-house and
Shafer, Tobey, and Power.
from 1837 to date (1878), there has been paid the

for
On November
received for a
12 "the committee reported
pi-opositions
sum of $18,000
such purposes.
site,
and a new committee was appointed
to receive proposals for site,
and
to
view and inspect the
ALMSHOUSE AND POOE-FARM.

The
firet
several farms offered."
This committee was Power, Jordan,
compulsory charity within the limits of the
and
Patrie.
Five thousand dollars were appropriated and
present Empire State was that which the act of the Colonial
levied for the purchase of a site
and towards the erection of
Assembly of
whereby,
April, 1691, provided for,
whereby the towns
a building.
of the colony were required to support their

also,
own
poor,
and
On December
11
the committee reported on several propo-
safeguards were thrown around the system,
sitions received for the sale of farms for a poor-house site,
to prevent imposition
upon the authorities.
The Assembly
support, and so,
first
and the board being unable

out purchasing.
to agree,
went
in a
body
to
view
of 1683
also,
may have
also provided for such
certain of the said farms the
same day, but adjourned withShafer
may have
we
the Dutch burghers before that, but the
They met
again Jan. 6, 1829, and appointed
laws
find recorded
on the subject are those reported
in
Messrs. Bramhall, Patrie,
Van Buren, Power, and

to take
Bradford's edition of the Colonial
Laws from 1691

first
to
1773,
a committee with full power to purchase a farm, contract

for a suitable building,
published in London, which gives the
act as passed in
and employ a person

the premises to do
charge
April of the former year.
of
it,
with
full
power
in
all
things neces-
The
Legislature in 1778 provided for the support of the

cities,
sary to execute their commission.
poor by towns and
and
later
on for the building of
On
February 9 this committee reported that they had con-
poor-houses by towns and counties.

tion of the poor-house system
in the
Previous to the adop-
tracted with
John
C.
Hogeboom
for a farm, containing

;
about
by Columbia county each town

poor, the county supporting
two hundred
acres, at forty-five dollars per acre
but proceedtitle to
county supported
its
own
ings in chancery were pending which involved the
the
such as were chargeable
to
no town, for lack of residence;
farm, and the committee were thus prevented from consum-
and the records of the board of supervisors .show annual

appropriations in
mating the contract " with the unanimity the subject

to the board
re-
many of the towns fur that purpose
of from
quired," and consequently the committee reported the matter
?50 upwards.
Prior also to such adoption, the county poor were sold to
and resigned their
the committee, and thereupon Mr. the board and " satisfied the
the lowest bidder
who would
contract for their support,
as,
The board discharged Hogeboom appeared before members that no apprehension

office.
indeed, were the town poor also.
In 1826 there were nine-
need be had as to his
title;"
whereupon the board confirmed
teen paupers chargeable to the county,

in the different towns.
who were
cared for
the contract with him, and Mr.
In October, 1827, the following
ranty-deed for the farm, and received

therefor,
Hogeboom $1000
delivered a wario part
payment
due
action was had by the board of supervisors relative to a poor-
and a
certificate for
$7997.19
for the balance,
house and farm
Feb. 15, 1830, with interest at seven per cent.

it is
Barnabas
" Renolvcd, That
necessary and proper that a County pooruse of the County of Columbia, and that
Waterman was authorized

ises for a
to
expend $2000
in
making the
bouse be established
all
for the
necessary alterations and additions to the house on the prem-
the poor of the different towns, and the paupers, be sent to the
for their
same, the expenses

that the
raised.
support
to
be paid by the County
and
poor-house
and a committee, consisting of Messrs.

appointed, and authorat a salary
money
be raised tbe-same as the contingent expenses are

it
now
Lawrence, Bain, and

ized to
Van Buren, was
And
be
further
it
employ a keeper of the county poor-house, and stock, and give notice
" lieaolced, That
shall be the
duty of each Supervisor
to
submit
not exceeding $100, and to purchase furniture, farming

utensils,
to
the foregoing resolution to the respective electors of their towns at

their next town-meeting,
and return the same

pervisors."
at the next
and take the sense of the voters thereon, annual meeting of the board of Su-
the several towns
when the house was ready
for the reception
of inmates,
the whole expenditures being limited to $2000.
Subsequently the following action was had

" Reaolved, That tho clerk copy the petition on the subject of a
In 1829 three superintendents of the poor were elected

for
one year,
viz.
Gayer Gardner, of Hudson

;
Roswell B.
county poor-house which has been presented, and transmit the same to our representatives in the Assembly, and at the same time inform
Frisbie, of
Canaan
and Isaac
Mills, of
Chatham.
The
them that the same was adopted with but one dissenting voice, and that he was in favor of the principle contained in the resolution, but could not vote for the same without consulting his constituents."
superintendents and a committee were authorized to proceed forthwith to examine and report what alterations wore
necessary to be
made
in
the poor-house, the
number and
72

to report a
NEW
YORK.
kind of stoves necessary, and

tional building, if one
plan of an addi-
structed to act with the committee of the board in the

erection of a
was deemed necessary, with estimates

as the
new poor-house, and
a contract with
Welch
&
of
cost.
It
was found that an additional building would be
Lamb
was entered
for the erection
of the same for 815,493,
necessary, of the
same height
one then standing on the
and sanctioned by the board.
The superintendents then
premises, sixty feet long, and that

to build to
it.
$1500 would be required

to
assumed, or attempted to assume, control of the work, but

the board of supervisors resisted, and taking the question
into the courts gained their point
to
The
Legislature was again invoked for authority
borrow S5000 (and levy a tax
pay the same)
to
pay
and gave the management

entire cost of the
it
balance on the farm and put up the additional building.
the building committee.
The
new
was
Jacob House was engaged as the keeper of the poor-house.

In 18.30, a committee appointed
reported
to visit the
;
building ready for occupancy was $21,215.55, and

finished early in 1858.
poor-house
everything satisfactorily managed
the
paupers
In 1870 the barns on the poor-farm were burned, and

rebuilt" at a cost
were clean and comfortably fed and clothed, and, what pleased
of about $5000
$998 was
built, in
received as in-
them more than
all else,
they found " a mistress' .school at-
surance.
tended by small children, under good discipline and im-
In 1875 an insane asylum was
connection with
is
provement, and which they think merits their applause."
the poor-house, at a cost of $5000, which
constructed in
Farm
products were as good as could have been expected

;
accordance with the modern ideas of convenience, health,
from the season

were being
fed,
" a handsome lot of hogs and beef cattle" and " a handsome fallow to put in a winter
and wholesome curative discipline necessary

stitutions.
to place
for
such
in-
crop of about
fifty
bushels was in good order
good fences
Movements are at the present time inaugurated the management of the asylum on a basis at once
and conducive
to the
and some improvements had been made and the committee (seven
in clearing up,
and
creditable
comfort and possible recovits walls.
guarding against the overflow of a stream on the premises

in
ery of the unfortunates confined within
number), from what they saw,

farm was prudently manerection of a " mad-house,"
well.
The
ity
poor-house, and
to
came
aged."
to the conclusion that the
asylum are a credit
accompanying buildings, and the the county, and the spirit of liberalits
They recommend the
at a cost of $150,
and the sinking of a new
and humanity with which they are managed speaks loudly for the charity and benevolence of the people who
contribute to
its
In 1829, $5000 was appropriated for part payment of the

balance on the farm
to
;
maintenance and support.

for the relief of the poor, inside
its
and
in
1830, $5350 was appropriated
The amount paid
and
pay the balance due on the farm, and for the repairs and
outside the poor-house, since
establishment to the presfor such relief prior to
improvements made thereon, making the sum of $11,350,

as the total cost to that date.
ent time, as well as the
amount paid
is,
the erection of .such poor-house,
approximately, as
years
inclusive,
fol-
In 1832 the boards of health of the various towns ex-
lows
From 1786
to
1812,
both
the
pended $2179.77
for the prevention of the Asiatic cholera,
hospitals being established in
Ghent and Stuyvesant.
committee visited the poor-house unawares, but found no

cause of complaint in
its
amount paid by the towns and county was about $50,000, the larger part being paid by the towns. From 1813 to 1828 the towns paid $132,250, and the county $17,019.
management.
to to three, against the pro-
From
to
the establishment of the poor-house system in 1829

for relief
In 1831 the number of superintendents was increased

five,
1849 the amount paid
was $167,084, exclusive
and
in
1834 reduced again
of the amount paid for salaries of superintendents of the

poor-house.
test of the
county judges.
In this last-named year the su-
From 1850
to the present date, including the
perintendents were authorized to erect a work-house, and
appropriations for 1878, the
amount paid
for relief in the
make an
to get
inclosure for the same.
They were
also instructed
poor-house, including the products sold and consumed on
one hundred young mulberry-trees, and a quantity
the farm, was $331,921.
During the same period a sum
of mulberry-seed, for the purpose of the cultivation of the
of $107,559 was expended by the several towns of the
silkworm and the making of

berry-trees were ordered.
silk,
and
in
1835 more mul-
In 1850 the distinction between town and county poor
Hudson city, for the relief of town The appropriations of the city, since 1850, have been from $2000 to $5000 annually for poor support. To
county, exclusive of
poor.
was
restored.
In the amount expended for outside
relief
these amounts paid by the county mu.st be added the
fol:
this year
($4109.21) there was a sum of $60
for high-
lowing appropriations for other charities made since 1850

for the State
charities,
priced liquors,
mostly brandy, at $3 per gallon.

for,
Four
the in-
$47,920;
for the
orphan a-sylum,
hundred and ninety-eight paupers were cared

mates
in the
about $15,000.
From
these amounts deduct the amounts
poor-house averaging two hundred and nine-
reported as the products of the couiity form since 1832,
teen during the year.
There was one pauper
to
every
about
the large
son's
$75,000,
and
the grand aggregate paid by the
twenty-six inhabitants in some of the towns.
people of Columbia county for charity's sake amounts to
On
by
fire,
July
2,
1857, the poor-house was
totally destroyed
sum
of $800,000, besides the
amount of Hudleast
and only the sum of $1573 was received as insur-
contributions,
which have been
at
$100,000
ance.
On July 14
the board of supervisors voted to build
more.
at a cost of $10,000,
ver.
and Messrs. Lippett, Carpenter, Pulthe appro-
The
last report
of the superintendents of the poor-house
Van
de Carr, and Miller were appointed a committee
on plans.
priation.
Subsequently $9000 was added

Philip
Rockefeller, Jacob
to
Conklin, and P. E.
makes the following exhibit: The total expenditures were $12,415.89; 722 persons were relieved; 149 were remain128 had been discharged ing in the house Nov. 1, 1877
;
Van
Alstyne, the
superintendents of the poor, were in-
during the year;
20 died;
425 were
transient;
50,975
NEW
YORK.
late, in
HISTORr OF COLUMBIA COUNTY",

days of board had been furnished at a cost per week of
SI. 54.
73
McKinstry.
Early and
season and out of season,

resolutely
The number of
days' board chargeable to each
and through discouragements of many kinds, she

worked
at
town in the county was as follows

Aocram
Ansteriits
her self-imposed task; and her unceasing devo-
2,192 1,577
Greenport
Hill.sdiile
,
CanaaD Chatham
Claveraok Clermont
1,W6
3,720 4,249: 1,065 2,341 1,114 1,435 8,119
i
Hudson Kinderhook
Livinsston
New Lebanon
Stockport Stuyvesant
Copake
Gallatin
Germantown
Ghent
Taghkanio
Transient
903 2,778 15,657 2,803 1,266 1,793 1,582 1,098 1,412 425
tion to the interests of the asylum only ceased
when she
passed to her reward.
It
is
to
her memory a
monument
more enduring than

costliest sculpture.
granite,
and more beautiful than the
CHAPTER
The Colony
X.
LIST.
Senate
The
stock, tools,
and produce remaining ou hand were
THE COLUMBIA CrVTL
inveDtoried at $4072.
The
Nation
The Assembly The County.

list
The
State
The Judiciary The
THE HUDSON ORPHAN ASYLUM.

The Hudson Orphan and Relief
in
Below we
names of
give the civil
of the county,
that
is,
the
Association was formed

for
persons, resident within the present limits of Cocivil

offices, national, colo-
October, 1843.
house was rented
8100 per
lumbia county, who have held

nial, State,
annum, and a home opened under the charge and direction of a board of lady managers, and the same building occupied until 1847, in which year a building was erected by
subscription
;
and county, with dates of such incumbency,
namely
PEESIDENT OP THE UNITED STATES.

Martin
an addition was made to
it
in
1853, the whole
building costing $6000.
Van Buren,
of Kinderhook, 1837 to 1841.
lot,
seventy-five feet
to the
by one
hundred and twenty

by Abner Hammond.
feet,
was donated
association
to
VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

Martin Van Buren, 1833-37.
The home was maintained, up
1850, solely by private enterprise.

the public charity fund of the State.
visors also, in
tion
In that year and for
three succeeding years the association received a share of
UNITED STATES SENATOR.*

Martin Van Buren, 1821-27, and re-elected
but resigned.
in
The board of super1852-53, appropriated $100. The instituin
1827,
was incorporated
1846, with Aaron C. Macy, Carey
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS.
Murdock, Robert McKinstry, Elihu Gifford, and Cyrus

Curtiss as trustees.
At
the
first
election for President the State of
New York
chose no
in the
electoi's.
The
constitution of the United States
There were 31 children

were received
house Jan.
1,
1850; 34
during the year,
10 were provided with

relatives.
was adopted by a State convention held at Poughkeepsie in July, 1788, the delegates from this county, Matthew Adgate,
homes, and 8 were taken by friends or
From
latter
John Bay, and Peter Van Ness, voting

electors
in the negative.
1850
year.
to
1853, 79 children had been provided with good

in
The
chosen by the Legislature in 1792 met at
homes, and 45 were in the home
October of the
Poughkeepsie.
By
;
an act of the Legislature passed March
The
receipts for the years

for the
1850-52 were $4421,

paying the indebted-
26, 1796, the presidential electors were directed to meet at
and the disbursements

ness on the building.
same time were $3918,

after
the city of
Hudson
this act
remained
in force until
the
leaving a balance of about
$200
this
5th of March, 1813, when the Legislature directed the

Electoral College to meet at Albany.
On
showing by the managers,
the board of supervisors appropriated

in
$1000
to the
asylum
The
electors
were appointed by the Legislature down
to
1853.
In 1854 the same amount was appropriated by
1825, when the district system was adopted by the people,
the supervisors, the other receipts being $1372.35, and the
but acted under
for
one election only, that of 1828, when,
disbursements
$2667.21.
The
receipts
in
1856 were
In
by an act passed April 15, 1829, the Legislature adopted

the general ticket system as
general ticket one person
district,
is
$3051.64, and disbursements $2210.12, and a permanent
now
in use.
In making up the
fund had been accumulated amounting
to
$4564.69.
selected
from each congressional

In 1872
1859 the fund had increased

equaled the disbursements.
to
$6183.09, and the receipts
and two
to represent the State at large.
In
1870 the
in
receipts
were
there were three electors at large, one for a congressman at

large given the State before re-districting.
1792.
$0504.10, and
expenses
$4869.10;
1872,
income
$5382.16, expenses $4861.80;

expenses
1874, income
$6145.71,
$5817.93;
;
1875, income
$6599.53, expenses,
1796. Robert 1800. 1800.
John Bay. Van Rensselaer.
1S32. Sainnel Anable.

1832.
Edward
P. Livingston.
$6399.50
1876, income $6519.27, expenses $6386.58."
The
Thomas Jenkins. Peter Van Ness.

John
C.
1836. Luoas Hoes. 1840. Elisha Jenkins. 1844. Tobias L.
children of inmates of the county almshouse have
1804. Stephen Miller.
been, since 1853, maintained in the asylum, the supervisors
1812.
Hogeboom.
1852.
Hogeboom. Lawrence Van Buren.
paying for their support at the average cost of maintenance

of the children by the institution.
that such
1812. Robert Jenkins. 1316. Joseph D. .Monull.

1820.
1856. Robert A. Barnard.
The law now
requires
poor-
1864. Charles L. Beale.

1868. 1872.
Edward
P.
Livingston.
children shall be supported
outside the
1824. Ale.tnnder J. Coffin. 1828. Ale.xander Coffin.
David Van Schaack. John C. Newkirk.
houses of the several counties.
This excellent charity owed

years almost
indefatigable
its
its
existence, and for several
entire maintenance, to the liberality
and
efforts
of one
noble woman,
Mrs.
Chatham, Columbia county.

in 1845.
= N. P. Talraadge, United States Senator, 1833-1844, was born in He was governor of Wisconsin Territory
Robert
10
74
HISTORY OP COLUMBIA COUNTY,

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS.
NEW
"
YORK.
34th Congress, 1855. Eillian Miller. 36th
The Federal
constitution directs that a census be taken
1859. Charles
L. Beale.
every ten years, and after each enumeration Congress apportions the representation
FEDERAL CONVENTIONS.
among
the several States.
As
soon
as practicable, after each apportionment, the Legislature di-
convention assembled at Albany, in June, 1754, for
vides the State into congressional districts.
the purpose of uniting upon some scheme for the

defense against the encroachments of the French.
as follows
common
The apportionment of New York has been

since the adoption of the constitution in
Veare.
Delegates
1788
were present from

:
New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, ConnecMaryland,
ticut,
Ratio.
Rhode
Island,
Pennsylvania, and
New
Representatives.
York being
represented
1789 1792 1802 1811 1822 1832 1842 1852

1861
by the lieutenant-governor and
1872
30,000 33,000 33,000 25,000 40,000 47,000 70,680 93,433 127,000 137,800
10 17 27
council of the colony.
The plan for a political union drawn up by Franklin, and adopted by the convention on July 4,
was afterwards
cause
it
34 40 34 33
31
rejected
by the provincial Assemblies " be-
gave too
it
crown because
much power to the crown, and by the gave too much power to the people."
33
in
The convention of 1765, composed of twenty-eight delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York,
The
districts
which have included Columbia county

:
New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and South
Under act of January 27, 1789, that part of Albany county now known as Rensselaer county, Columbia, Clinton, Saratoga (1791), and Washington. Under act of December 18, 1792, Columbia county
their area have been as follows
Carolina, to consult with
common
interest
and procure the
repeal of certain obnoxious laws, also failed.
The New
York
ston,
delegates were Robert R. Livingston, Philip Living-
Leonard Lispenard, John Cuyler, and William Bayard.
alone composed one district,
not numbered.
Under
act
In the Continental Congress, the delegates from what
March 23, 1797, Columbia and Rensselaer, district 6. Act of March 30, 1802, and March 20, 1804, Columbia was district 8. Act of March 8, 1808, Columbia, Rensseof
laer,
was afterwards Columbia county were as follows

First Delegates.
Philip
Livingston, April 20,
Philip Livingston,! Robert R. Livingston,

Philip Livingston, Oct. 3, 1777
18,
;
May
13,
1775 1777
and Washington,
as district
6,
were entitled
to
two
Philip Livingston, Oct.

Sept..
members.
formed
lumbia
;
Act of June
10,
1812, Columbia county, and
1779
;
Robert R. Livingston (the chancellor),

2,
12,
the towns of Rhinebeck and Clinton, in Dutchess county,

district
1780
Robert R. Livingston, Dec.
1784.
5; act of April 17, 1822, district
8,
Co-
June 29, 1832, district 8, Columbia, Greene, and Schoharie, two members; act of Sept. 6,
act of
CABINET OFFICERS.
Martin Van Buren, secretary of
state,
1829 32.
1842,
district
11,
Columbia and Greene; act of July 19,
John
C. Spencer, secretary of treasury, 1843-44; secretary of war,
1851, district 12, Columbia and Dutchess; act of April 23, 1862, district 12, Columbia and Dutchess-; act of June
18, 1873, district 13, Columbia, Dutchess, and
1841-43.
fienjamin F. Butler, attorney-general, 1833-38.
Putnam.
DIPLOMATISTS.
Robert R. Livingston, minister plenipotentiary to France, 1801-3. Martin Van Buren, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Great Britain, 1831.
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.
Ist
CoDgrcss, 1789.
Peter Silvester.
-Ezekiel Gilbert.
2d 3d
4th
7th
1791.- -Peter Silvester.

1793.- -Ezekiel Gilbert.
JUDICIARY.
William P. Von Ness, judge United States district New York, 1812-26.
district court,
1795. 1801.
8th
-John P. Van Ness. 1803. -Henry W. Livingston.

1805.1807.-
southern
9th
10th
-Henry -James
W.
Livingston.
nth
12lh
I2th
1809.
1811..
L Van Alen. -Robert L. Livingston.

-Thomas
P. Grosvenor.
Hezekiah L. Hosmer, Chief-Justice United States court, Territory of Montana, 1864. Benjamin F. Butler, United States district attorney, southern district New York, 1838-41, and 1845-48.
1812.- -Robert L. Livingston.^
13th
14th 16th 17th
18th
19tb
1813.1815.1819.-
-Thomas P. Grosvenor. -Thomas P. Grosvenor. -James Strong.

-James Strong. -James Strong.
CUSTOMS.
Cornelius P.
Van
Ness, J collector of port of
New
York, 1844.
1821.- -Walter Patterson.
In the State, Columbia has been thus represented
1823.1825.1827.-
GOVERNORS OF NEW YORK.

1828. Martin
20th
2l3t
1829.1831.1833.-
22d 23d
24th 26th 27th
29th
James Strong. James Strong. John King.

-Aaron Vanderpoel.
Vanderpoel.
Van Buren.
1874.
Samuel
J. Tilden.
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR.
1830.
1835.- -Aaron
Edward
P. Livingston.
1839.- Aaron Vanderpoel.
1841.1845.1851.-
Robert JloClellan. John F. Collin.

Josiah Sutherland.
^ Resigned.
32d
f Signer of Declaration of Independence. X While a resident of Vermont, Mr. Van Ness was appointed (1829) by President Jackson minister to Spain. He was also, in 1816, one of the commissioners to settle the northeastern boundary under the
treaty of Ghent.
75

CHANCELLOR.
1777. Robert R. Liringston.
NEW
YORK.
MEMBERS OF PROVINCIAL CONGRESS OF NEW YORK.

.MatPresident of Fourth Congress, 1776-77," Peter R. Livingston thew Adgate, Fourth Congress Gilbert Livingston, First, Second, and Third Congresses James Livingston, Third and Fourth
; ; ;
JUDGE OF THE COURT OF APPEALS.

1874. Theodore Miller.
Congresses
Peter R. Livingston, Second, Third, and Fourth
Congresses;
Robert 6. Livingston, Third Congres: R. Livingston, t Fourth Congress; Peter Silvester,
Robert
St
and
JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT (OF THE COLONY).

1763. Robert R. Livingston. 1804.
1357.
1861.
Second Congresses.
Henry Hogeboom.
Theodore Miller.
Ambrose Spencer
justice, 1819).
(chief-
MEMBER OP COUNCIL OF SAFETY,

R. R. Livingston.
1777-78.
1863.
Henry Hogeboom.
1807. William 1830.
W. Van
Ness.
IS67. Theodore Miller.
James Vanderpoel.
MEMBERS OF THE STATE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS.

Convention of 1788
gate,
lo act ii^'oii
CIRCUIT JUDGE.
1845.
Federal C'oiudViKi'ou. Matthew Ad-
John W. Edmonds.
John Bay, Peter Van Ness.J Conventiim of 1801. Benjamin Birdsall, Alexander Coffin, Stephen Hogeboom, Moses Trafford, James I. Van Alen, Moses Young-
ATTORNEY-GENERAL.
love.
Coiiien/iV/ii
The law
the colony.
officer
of the State, whose duties have been subcreation of the office under
first
R.
Van
o/ 1821. Francis Silvester, William Rensselaer, Elisha Williams.
W. Van
Ness, Jacob
stantially the
same since the
Appointed under the
constitution, chosen
1346. George C. Clyde, Ambrose L. Jordan. Convention o/ 1867. Francis Silvester, John S. Gould.
C'lnoention of
by joint ballot of Legislature under the second, and elected by the people under the present reghiK biennially, each odd
year.
1802.
MESSENGER OF THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE.

1856.
Hiram W. Dixon.
Ambrose Spencer.
1815. Martin
Van Baren.
John V.-in Buren. 1847. Ambrose L. Jordan.

1845.
COMMISSARY-GENERAL.
1863.
James A.
Farrell.
COMPTROLLER.
STATE PRISON INSPECTOR.

1843.
The
cial
office
of auditor-general was created by the provin-
John W. Edmonds.
convention of 1776, for the purpose of settling certain
public accounts.
In 1797 the
office
was abolished, and
COMMISSIONERS OP INDIAN AFFAIRS OF THE COLONY.

1715. Robert Livingston, Jr
1752. Robert Livingston
that of comptroller was substituted therefor,
which was
(third
continued by extensions of two and three years until Feb.

28, 1812,
first
1721-32. Philip Livingston.

1738, 42-45. Philip Livings!
lord of the manor).
when
it
and second constitutions the
was permanently organized. Under the office was an appointive

it is
MEMBERS OF THE COLONIAL COUNCIL.

1698-1701. Robert Livingston.
|
one, but under the present organic law
elective
term,
1725-49. Philip Livingston.
two years.
State.
The
comptroller
is
the financial officer of the
LEGISLATIVE.
1801. Elisha Jenkins.
THE SENATE.
SECRETARIES OP STATE.
1813. Jacob R.
Under the
Van Rensselaer
first
constitution this
body consisted of twentyfour great districts,
four members, apportioned

eastern, southern,
among
middle, and western.
After the
first
SIEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL OF APPOINTMENT.

1789. Peter
election they were divided
by
lot into four classes, so that
the
Van
Ness.
1797.
1792. William Powers.

1803.
John
C.
Ambrose Spencer. 1800. Ambrose Spencer. Hogeboom.
terms of six should expire each year.

increase of one-twenty-fourth in the
until the
This representation
was increased whenever a septennial census revealed an
number of
electors,
SPEAKERS OF THE ASSE.MBLY.

1718. Robert Livingston.
I
number should reach one hundred. In 1795 the number was forty-three. In 1801 the number of senators
was fixed
at thirty-two to
1768. Philip Livingston.
permanently, and has since remained
1312. Jacob Rutsen
Van
Rensselaer,
unchanged
the
present.
The
State was divided into
REGISTER OF PREROGATIVE COURT OF COLONY.

1768. Philip Livingston.
eight senatorial districts by the constitution of 1821, each
one being entitled
to four senators,
one
to
be elected each
year for a term of four years.
The
constitution of
184G
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY.

Peter Silvester, Elisha .Tenkins, Martin
ingston.
Van Buren, Edward
P. Liv-
changed the time of election of senators to each odd year, and reduced the term to two years, and created thirty-two
districts.
MEMBERS OF PROVINCIAL CONVENTION, APRIL
20, 1775,
~ Ratified
Declaration of Independence unanimously.

of committee to report State constitution.
TO ELECT DELEGATES- TO CONTINENTAL CONGRESS OP
Member
MAY
10,
1775.
voted against the adoption of the constiX These three delegates

ution.
Peter R. Livingston, Robert R. Livingston, Jr., Walter Livingston.
These delegates did not sign Ihe constitution of 1S21.
76

Senatorial
Dislrt'cts.
NEW
YORK.
districts in the county,
Columbia was
a part of the eastern

4,
Districts.
district,
1847-78, two
first
district
from the erection of the county, March
1796,
re-
comprising the towns of Ancram, Claverack, Cler-
when
it
was made a part of the middle

until the
district,
and so
mont, Copake, Gallatin, Germantown, Groenport, city of
mained
second constitution was adopted.
From
the
Hudson, Livingston, and Taghkanic

Kinderhook,
second
district,
the
that date to adoption of constitution of 1846 the county
towns of Austerlitz, Canaan, Chatham, Ghent, Hillsdale,
was a portion of the third

constitution,
district.
senatorial district.
By
now
New
Lebanon, Stockport, and Stuyvesant.
Columbia and Dutchess was formed the eighth
In 1857 the number was changed to the eleventh,
MEMBERS OP ASSEMBLY.
OF THB eOLONY.
and
so remains at this date.
SENATORS.
1792-95. William Powers.
1796-99. Ambrose Spencer.
1832-.10.
1716-28, Robert Livingston, 1728-37. Gilbert Livingston.

1737-59.
Sr.
1797-1800. Peter Silvester.

1801-4. John C. Hogeboom.
1805-8. Stephen Hogeboom.
John W. Edmonds. Edward P. Livingston. 1845-47. John P. Beekman.

1838-39. 1850-51. John Snyder.
1851. Joseph Halstead.
Robert Livingston {third
lord of manor).
1759-68. Robert R. Livingston. 1769-74. Robert R. Livingston.'* 1774-75. Peter R. Livingston.

OF THE STATE.
1809-12.
Edward
I.
P. Livingston.
1854-55. Robert A. Barnard. 1858-59. William G. Mnndeville.
1813-20. Martin
Van Buren.
Miller.
1821-22. John 1823-24.
1862-63. William H. Tobey.

186e-f)7.
Edward P. Livingston. 1826-29. Ambrose L. Jordan.
Edward
1778. Gilbert Livingston. 1780. Matthew Adgatc, Peter R. Livingston. 1781. Matthew Adgate, Philip Frisbie, Samuel Ten Broeck, Jacob
G. Wilbur.
Ford.
1874-75. Benjamin Kay.
THE ASSEMBLY.
The first now the
representative
Assembly that convened
in
what
is
State of
New York
was " The Twelve Men,"

elected
in
1782-83. Matthew Adgate, Jacob Ford, Samuel Ten Broeck. 1784. Matthew Adgate, Jacob Ford. 1785. Matthew Adg;ite, Jacob Ford. 1786. Lawrence Hogeboom, John Livingston. 1787. John Livingston, Wm. Power.
under the Dutch
rule,
who were
Manhattan
(New York
suggest
city), to
Brooklyn, and Pavonia (Jersey City) to

punish the Indians for a murder they
means
had committed.
but
this could
The
first
representative Assembly under
English rule met at Hempstead, Long Island, March, 1655,

not be called a legislative Assembly, as
simply promulgated laws

for such purpose.
it
" the
Duke's Laws'
prepared
all
The
first legislative
Assembly was that

the laws
created,
of 1683, which was afterwards abrogated, and

it
had enacted, and that one of 1691
which con-
tinued through the colonial period.

thority the
Under
the State auIt
Assembly has always been chosen annually.

first
consisted at
of seventy members, with the power to
t John Livingston, Wm. Power, Peter Silvester. 1789. Matthew Adgate, John Bay, John Kortj. 1790. Ezekicl Gilbert, John Livingston, James Savage. 1791. Matthew Adgate, Stephen Hogeboom, James Savage. 1792. Benjamin Birdaall, Jared Coffin, Jacob Ford, Lawrence Hogeboom, Henry Livingston, James Savage. 1793. Matthew Adgate, Benjamin Birdsall, Jared Coffin, Philip Frisbie, Stephen Hogeboom, Samuel Ten Broeck. 1794. Matthew Adgate, John Bay, James Brcbner, Dirck Gardenier, Mivtthew Scott, Ambrose Spencer. 1795. Matthew Adgate, John Bay, James Brebner, Philip I. Hoffman, Elisba Jenkins, Matthew Scott. 1796. Benjamin Birdsall, James Brebner, P.atrick Hamilton, Stephen Hogeboom, Philip L. Hoffman, Samuel Ten Broeck. 1797. Caleb Benton, Palmer Cady, John C. Hogeboom, John McKinstry, Peter 1. Vosburgh, Jonathan Warner. 1798. Caleb Benton, John C. Hogeboom, Killian Hogeboom, Elisha
1788.
increase one with every seventieth increase of the
number
1799.
Jenkins, Samuel Ten Broeck, Peter
I.
Vosburgh.
of electors, until
it
contained three
hundred members.
Elisha Gilbert, Ezekiel
When
the constitution was amended, in 1801, the

it
number
Hogeboom, Charles McKinstry, John MuKinstry, Peter B. Ten Broeck, Samuel Ten Broeck.
Killian
Gilbert,
1800.
Robert T. Livingston, Charles McKinstry,
had reached one hundred and eight, when

to one hundred, with a provision that after each census at the rate of
it
was reduced
1801.
should be increased
until the
two annually
fifty.
num1802.
ber reached one hundred and
The
constitution of
1803.
1821
-fixed
the
twenty-eight,
number permanently at one hundred and' and members were elected on a general ticket.
1846 required the boards of supermeet on the
first
John Noycs, Anson Pratt, Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer. William Cantino, Asa Douglass, Dirck Gardenier, Ezekiel Gilbert, John Livingston, Elisba Williams. Thomas Brodhead, Josiah Holley, Henry W. Livingston, Samuel Ten Broeek, Peter Van Alstyne, Moses Younglove. Samuel Edmonds, Aaron Kellogg, Moucrief Livingston, Peter
Silvester.
The
in
constitution of
visors of the several counties to
Tuesday
January succeeding the adoption of that instrument, and
divide the counties into districts of the

to
number apportioned
1804. Benjamin Birdsall, Stephen Miller, Samuel Ten Broeck, James I. Van Alen. 1806. Moncrief Livingston, Peter Silvester, William W. Van Ness, Jason Warner. 1806. Moncrief Livingston, Peter Silvester, William W. Van Ness,
Jason Warner.
them, of convenient and contiguous territory, and of as

After each State cen1SU8.
1807. Elisha
nearly equal population as possible.
sus the Legislature
direct the time
is to re
Gilbert, Jr., Peter Sharp, Gains Stebbins,
Thomas James
Brodhead,
Anson Pratt. Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer, Jason
apportion the members, and to

shall
when the supervisors

met
in
meet
for the purto
1809,
Warner, E. Williams. Hyatt, Moncrief Livingston, Gaius Stebbins, Jacob
pose of re-districting the county.

vision, the boards
Pursuant
in
this pro-
June, 1857, and
June, 1866.
Hamilton and Fulton counties together

and every other county one or more.
Apportionment.
elect
one member,
Rutsen Van Rensselaer. 1810. Thomas P, Grosvenor, Henry W. Livingston, William Lusk, Anson Pratt. 1811. Thomas P. Grosvenor, Augustus Tremain, James Vanderpoel, Jacob Rutsen Von Rensselaer.
^'
1786-1791,
March
31,
8,
three
members; Feb.
April
7,
1791-1802,
Declared disqualified, being a judge, and refused a
seat.
six;
;
1802-22, four;
12,
t First representation of
Columbia county.
From
1780
to
1786,
1822-46, three
March
1846-78, two.
inclusive, in
Albany county.

1S12.
NEW
YORK.
77
Thnmas
1813.
Brodbend, Thomns P. Grosvenor, Timothy Oakley, Jacob Rutsen-Van Rensselaer. Aaron Olmflead, Alan Sheldon, Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer,
Elisha Williams.
Jr.,
1874, 1875.
Henry Lawrence, Alonzo H, Farrar. Henry Lawrence, Alonzo H. Farrar. 1876. George H. Power, John T. Hogeboom.
1877
J.icob
H. Proper, Samuel Wilbur.
1814.
Henry Rockefeller, John L. Van Alen,

Rensselaer, Elisha Williams.
Jacob Rutsen Van
COUNTY OFFICERS.
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OP THE COLONY.
Rensse-
1815.
Henry
laer,
Livingston,
Augustus Tremain, Jacob Rutsen Van
Rensselaer, Elisha Williams.

1816.
Henry Livingston, John Whiting, Jacob Rutsen Van

James Vanderpoel.
Walter Livingston, judge, 1774.
18ir.
Gerrit
Cuck, Hezckiah Hulburt, John Pi.xley, Elisha Wil-
liams.
1818.
Thomas
Vleek.
.
Bay, Benjamin Hilton, Waller Patterson, Peter
Van
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS AND GENERAL SESSIONS OP THE PEACE IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF COLUMBIA.
FIRST JUDGES.
Peter
1819,
Henry
Livingston, Jonathan Lapham, Barent Van Buren, Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer. Thomas Brodhead, Azariah Pratt, John V. Van Valkcnburgb,
Van
Ness, Kinderhook
;
appointed April
13, 1786.
Nathaniel Greene, Hudson
appointed March 18, 1795.
Elisha Williams.
John
Bryan, James Vanderpoel, Elisha Williams, Isaac B.
Jacob Ford, Hillsdale; appointed March 12, 1796. William Wilson, Clermont; appointed July 2, 1804.
Williams.
1822. Philip P. Clum, Elisha Gilbert, Jr., George T. Snyder,
John
Au-
I.
Miller, Claverack; appointed

;
March
28, 1315.
Daniel B. Cady, Canaan
appointed Feb.
18, 1840.
gustus Tremain.
lS2.f.
.
1824
1825
1826.
.
Jonathan
Jacob
Abraham P. Holdridge, Stephen Storm, John Van Deusen. Walter C. Livingston, John King, Joseph D. Monell. Ambrose L. Jordan, Joseph Lord, Killian Miller.
Hill,
Abm.
P. Holdridge, Austerlitz; appointed April 23, 1841.
Julius Wilcoxson, Kinderhook; appointed
May
2,
1846.
Adam
I.
Strevel,
1S27.
P. Mesick, Isaac Mills,
Aaron Vanderpoel. Simon Rockefeller.

;
Appointed.
1828..Killian Miller, Abel S. Peters, Elisha Williams.
1829.
Abraham
Buren.
P. Holdridge,
Henry W. Livingston, Peter Van

1789.
-Peter Silvester, Kinderhook; Peter R. Livingston, LivingWm. B. Whiting, ston H. I. Van Rensselaer, Hudson
;
Canaan.
1830.
Jonathan Lapham, Aaron Vanderpoel, Oliver Wiswoll.
-Matthew Adgate, Canaan
Stephen Hogeboom, Claverack.
1831.
John
AV.
Edmonds, John
S. Harris,
Pliny Hudson.
1794. -Nathaniel Greene, Hudson. 1795. -Jacob Ford, Hillsdale.

1797. 1801.
Medad Butler, Tobias L. Hogeboom, Leonard W. Ten Brueck. 1833. Anthony Boucher, Bastian C. Lasher, John Murdock. 1834. Henry C. Barnes, John F. Collin, John Snyder.
1832.
.
-John Tryon, Canaan. -Jonathan Warner, Canaan

Wilson, Clermont.
Jared
Coffin,
Hudson
William
Jacob Sbafer, Horace Stevens, Julius Wilco.xson. Shaver. 1836. Charles B. Dutcher, Peter Groat, Jr., Adam
1835.
.
.
I.
1802. -Peter
1837,.William
W. Uoysradl, Rufus Reed, John
S.
Vosburgh.
1804.
Van Ness, Kinderhook. -Edward P. Livingston, Clermont.

Hudson; Ebenezer
I.
1838. Abraham Bain,
William A. Dean, William H. Tobey.
1307. -John M. Mann, Hudson.

1808. -Hezekiah Dayton, Soule. Hillsdale;
1839
1840
1841
1842,
Harry Cornwall, Henry Hogeboom, Peter R. Livingston. Robert McKinstry, Jonas H. Miller, Justin Nilcs. AVatermnn Lippctt, William G. Mandeville, John Milham. James Kniokerbacker, Jared Winslow, Abraham Van
I.
MatP.
thew Dorr, Chatham; John
Miller, Claverack;
Wm.
Van
1810., 1812.-
Ness, Kinderhook.
Alstyne.
1846
1843
1845
.
1844
Anson Brown, Lucas Hoes, Peter Pouchcr. William A. Carpenter, Uriah Edwards, Peter P. Rossman. Peter I. Bachman, Elijah Bagg, William M. Bunker. William E. Ueermance, Levi Pitts, Jeremiah Hover.
William M. Miller.
S. Curtiss.
1847,.John S. Gould,
-Augustus Tremain, Hillsdale; Samuel Edmonds, Hudson. -Judah Lawrence, Hillsdale. -David Ludlow, Kinderhook; Ezra Sampson, Hudson; John Whiting, Canaan R. H. Van Rensselaer, Claverack. 1814. -John S. Livingston, Claverack. 1815.- -David W. Patterson, Chatham; Lawrence M. Goes, Kinderbook Wm. Wilson, Clermont; T. L. Hogeboom, Claverack;
1813.
; ;
1848
1849,
Jonas
H. Miller, Charles B. Osbom.
Isaac B. Smith, Gallatin;
James
Piatt, Hillsdale;
J. C.
James M. Strever, Daniel
Olmstend, Hillsdale.
1850, Philip G. Lasher,
John H. Overhiser.
1818.
1821..
-Robert L. Livingston, Clermont; Richard

book.
I.
Goes, Kinder-
1851. John D.
1852.
.
Langdon, Philelus W. Bishop.
1853.
Wesley R. Gallup, George Vdn Santvoord. Henry A. DuBois, Alonzo Chamberlain.
-James
I.
Van
Alcn, Kinderhook
;
Seth Jenkins, Hudson.

Hillsdale.
-Robert A. Barnard, Hudson
Henry Loop,
Harvey W. Gott. 1855..David Rhoda, Elisha W. Bushnell. 1856. Samuel Ten Broeck, Adam A. Hoysradt. 1S57. John Miller, John T. Hogeboom. 1858. David .Miller, Lorenzo Gile. 1859. Henry P. Heermonce, James G. Van Valkonburgh. 1860,.Peter MoArthur, P. Edward Van Alstyne. 1861,.-Samuel Lasher, Norton S. Collin. 1862, Jacob Ten Broeck, Samuel Wilbor. 1863,. Peter 6. Kisselbrack, Elias W. Bostwick.
1854. Milton Martin,
1823.
-James Barton, Hudson;

Butler, Stuyvesant.
Wm.
H. Wilson, Clermont; Medad
1826.1828.1830.-
-James Vanderpoel, Kinderhook.

-Walter Patterson, Living.ston.
-Tobias L. Hogeboom, Ghent.
1832.-
1834.
-Henry Hogeboom, Hudson. -John Bull, Jr.. New Lebanon.

Kinderhook. Knapp, Jr., Hillsdale. -John Martin, Claverack. -Darius Peck, Hudson; George C. Clyde, Chatham.
-Frederick
I.
1836.- -Julius Wilco.xson,
1838.- -Josiah
1841.-
1864 .-Amos Miller, Wright H. Barnes.

1865 .Walter Shutts, Samuel 1866
.
1843.1846.-
W. Carpenter. Josiab Kniskern, John W. Van Vulkenburgh.
Curtiss,
Ancram; Hiram D. Ford, Canaan.
H. Duntz, Stephen H. Wenilover. 1868, Harper W. Rogers, Stephen H. Wcndover. 1869 .Edward Sturgcs, Moses Y. Tilden.
.
1867,.Jacob
Tlie constitution of
1846 abolished the court of coma
mon
pleas from and after the first JMonday of July, 1847,
1870
1871
Edward Sturges, Daniel D. Barnes. Benjamin Ray, Perkins F. Cady.
and substituted therefor

and two justices
county court and sessions, with
a single county judge to be elected for the term of four

years,
for sessions
1872,.
^Benjamin Ray, Milton M. Tompkins.
now by law
directed to
1873 .Benjamin Ray, Milton M. Tompkins.
be elected annuallv.
78

COUNTY JUDGES.
NEW
YORK.
John T. Hogeboom. 1851. John T. Hogeboom.

1S47.
1355.
1863. Dariua Peck.

1867. Darius Peck.
Darius Peck.
1871. John
1877.
Cadman.
MoClellan.
1859.
John
C.
Newkirk.
Hugh W.
JUSTICES FOR SESSIONS.

1847
.
Henry Shear.
Wm.
John
Kipp.
C.
Sweet.
Geo. A. Kisselhurg
Hampton
C. Bull.
Geo. A. Kisselburg.
Henry P. Horton. James E. Cristie. James E. Cristie.

George Georgo
S.
Snyder.
Cristie.
James .
S.
Snyder.
James Dingman.
Philip Rockefeller.
James James
C.
Ferguson.
Philip Rockefeller.
C. Ferguson.
Philip Feltz.
Wm.
Richard Hallenbeck. Kipp.
John H. Smith.
Philip Rockefeller.
Wm. W.
Hoysradt.
Abram Ashley, Jr. Wm. W. Hoysradt. Abram Ashley, Jr.

John H. Smith. John Busby. Henry P. Van Hocsen.
Philip Rockefeller.
Appointed.
Joseph D. Mooell.
Elected.
Charles B. Dutcher.
Elijah Payne.
Robert B. Monell.
Charles Esselstyn.
Charles Esselstyn.
Hugh W. McClellan. Herman V, Esselstyn

Isaac N. Collier.
DISTRICT ATTORNEYS.
The
State was divided into seven districts in 1796, in each of which an assistant attorney -general was appointed by the governor and
council.
The third district was formed by Columbia and Rensselaer counties. Ambrose Spencer, of Columbia, was appointed assistant attorneygeneral for this district in 1796.
The
ofiSce
of district attorney was created in

;
1801; the State was
divided into seven districts
the third district was formed by the
counties of Greene, Columbia,
Thomas
P.
and Rensselaer. Grosvenor, of Columbia, was appointed

in the State
district attorney
for (his district in 1810.
Each county
was made a separate

Get
district in 1818.
Appointed by Court of
Seio,.
1818. Joseph D. Monell.

Richard F. Clark, elected 1863.
Peter Bogardus,^ elected 1S66.
NEW
YORK.
79
Richard F. Clark.t elected 1868-71.

Chorles
W.
Hinsdale, 1873-76.
;;
;;;
80

moot;
George Mooell, Clarerack Nicholas Kierstead, Gerinantown Jonathan Warner, Canaan Evert Vosburgh,
; ; ;
Kinderhook.
Thomas Jenkins, moderator;
Walter
V.
Wcmple,
1792.
clerk.
Henry
Livingston, Livingston;
George Monell, Claverack;
John Thurston, Hudson; Evert Vosburgh, Kinderhook; Samuel Ten Broeck, Clermont; Nicholas Kierstead, Germantofvn
;
Charles McKinstrj, Hillsdale;
Elisba Gilbert,
Brebner, Chatham. James Brebner, moderator; Andrew M. Carshore, clerk. 1804. George Monell, Claverack; William Wilson, Clermont; Matthew Dorr, Chatham John Whiting, Canaan James S. Livingston, Livingston Nicholas Kline, Gallatin Samuel Mallery, Hillsdale John Van Alen, Kinderhook Garret Cuck, Germantown Henry Avery, Granger: James Hyatt, Hudson. William Wilson, moderator; Andrew M. Car; ; ;
;
Canaan.
clerk.
Evert Vosburgh, moderator
Walter V. Wemple,
shore, clerk.
1793.
Stephen
town
;
Paddock, Hudson;
Evert Vosburgh, Kinderhook;

Peter Scharp, German-
Patrick Hamilton, Canaan: Martin J. Cooper, Clermont;

Philip L. HoEfman, Livingston
;
Charles
McKinstry,
Hillsdale;
Claveraok.
Stephen
Paddock,
moderator;
George Monell, Walter V.
Wemple,
1794.
clerk.
Stephen
dale;
Paddock, Hudson; Philip L. Hoffman, Livingston; Evert Vosburgh, Kinderhook; Charles McKinstry, HillsPatrick
;
Hamilton, Canaan; Nicholas Kierstead, Samuel Ten Broeck, Clermont; George Monell, Claverack. Stephen Paddook, moderator Walter V. Wemple, clerk, 1793. Stephen Paddock, Hudson; Evert Vosburgh, Kinderhook; George Monell, Claverack; Charles McKinstry, Hillsdale; Samuel Ten Broeck, Clermont; John A. Fonda, Livingston; Aaron Kellogg, Canaan; Philip Rockefeller, Germantown; James Savage, Chatham. Stephen Paddock, moderator Walter V. Wemple, clerk. 1796. Dirck Gardenier, Kinderhook; Elisha Jenkins, Hudson; Philip Rockefeller, Germantown; John A. Fonda, Livingston; George Monell, Claverack; Levi Stone, Chatham; Elisha Gilbert, Canaan; Charles McKinstry, Hillsdale; Samuel Ten Broeck, Clermont. Dirck Gardenier, moderator Walter V. Wemple, clerk. 1797. Elisha Jenkins, Hudson; Dirck Gardenier, Kinderhook; Charles McKinstry, Hillsdale; Peter Bishop, Livingston; Levi Stone, Chatham George Monell, Claverack Samuel Ten Broeck, Clermont; Benjamin Tobey, Canaan Philip Rockefeller, Germantown. Charles McKinstry, moderator; AValter V. Wemple, clerk. 1798. William Wilson, Clermont; Dirck Gardenier, Kinderhook;
Gemxantown
1805. George Monell, Claverack Samuel Mallery, Hillsdale Henry Avery, Granger; John Van Alen, Kinderhook; Peter Sharp, Germantown Matthew Dorr, Chatham James Hyatt, Hudson Isaac Williams, Gallatin James S. Livingston, Livingston; Thomas Brodhead, Clermont; John Whiting, Canaan. Samuel Mallery, moderator Andrew M. Carshore, clerk. 1306. Samuel Ten Broeck, Clermont; James S. Livingston, Livingston; Allen Sheldon, Gallatin; Peter Sharp, Germantown; Henry Avery, Granger John King, Canaan Moses Younglove, Hudson; Samuel Mallery, Hillsdale; George Monell, Claverack; John Van Alen, Kinderhook; Matthew Dorr, Chatham. Samuel Ten Broeck, moderator Gilbert Jenkins,
; ;
;
clerk.
1807.
Henry
Avery, Granger; Matthew Dorr, Chatham; Samuel Mallery, Hillsdale Frederick Rockefeller, Germantown
;
John Van Alen, Kinderhook; James

ston;
S.
Livingston, Living-
King, Canaan; Robert Taylor, Hudson; Isaac B. Smith, Gallatin; Thomas Brodhead, Clermont. Matthew Dorr, moderator; MarPeter
Mesick,
Claverack;
John
shall Jenkins, clerk.
1808.
James
Matthew Dorr, Chatham S. Livingston, Livingston Thomas Brodhead, Clermont; Samuel Mnllery, Hillsdale; John King, Canaan John Van Alen, Kinderhook; Frederick Rockefeller, Germantown; Josiah Holley, Gallatin; Henry Avery, Granger; Robert Taylor, Hudson. Matthew Dorr, moderator M. Jenkins,
;
Feter Mesick, Claverack
Jr., clerk.
1809.
Thomas
;
Brodhead,
Clermont
Allen
Sheldon,
Gallatin
Henry Livingston, Livingston; Henry Avery, Granger; Abraham Van Vleck, Kinderhook Samuel Edmonds, Hudson Peter Mesick, Claverack Timothy Oakley, Chatham ;
;
;
Philip Rockefeller,
Germantown; Peter Van Alstyne, KinPeter Bishop, Living; William Wilson, moderator
derkook
Charles McKinstry, Hillsdale; Elisba Jenkins,
Ebenezer Soule, Hillsdale Frederick Rockefeller, Germantown Jason Warner, Canaan. Thomas Brodhead, mode; ;
Hudson
ston
;
George Monell, Claverack

clerk.
;
rator;
1810.
Andrew M. Carshore,
clerk.
Elcazer Grant, Canaan.
Thomas
Andrew M. Carshore,
1799.
William Wilson, Clermont

Livingston, Livingston
;
Eleazer Grant, Canaan;
Henry
;
Abm.
;
I.
Van
;
Vleck, Kinderhook
C.
Brodhead, Clermont; Abraham Van Vleck, Kinderhook: Allen Sheldon, Gallatin; Ebenezer Soule, Hillsdale; Henry Livingston, Livingston Jason Warner, Canaan Henry Avery, Granger; Peter Mesick, Claverack; Nathan
; ; ;
Charles McKinstry, Hillsdale
John
Hogeboom, Clav-
erack
Peter Sharp,
Germantown
Peter
Van
Alstyne,
Chatham;
1800.
Robert
Jenkins, Hudson.
William Wilson,
1811.
moderator; Andrew M. Carshore, clerk.
John
ston
C.
;
Hogeboom, Claverack
;
Henry Livingston, Living;
Robert Jenkins, Hudson Philip Rockefeller, Germantown Samuel Ten Broeck, Clermont; Peter Van
Alstyne, Chatham;
Abm. L Van
;
liam Aylesworth, Canaan

C.
Vleck, Kinderhook; WilSamuel Mallery, Hillsdale. John
Frederick Timothy Oakley, Chatham Sears, Hudson Rockefeller, Germantown. Thomas Brodhead, moderator ; Luther Bingham, clerk. Henry Livingston, Livingston; Ebenezer Soule, Hillsdale; Henry Avery, Granger; Abraham Van Vleck, Kinderhook Nathan Sears, Hudson Peter Mesick, Claverack Allen Sheldon, Gallatin Timothy Oakley, Chatham Frederick Daniel Warner, Canaan Thos. Rockefeller, Germantown Brodhead, Clermont. Ebenezer Soule, moderator Samuel
;
;
Hogeboom, moderator; Elisha Jenkins, clerk. I. Van Vleck, Kinderhook; George Monell, Claverack; Jonathan Warner, Canaan Matthew Dorr, Chatham; Robert Jenkins, Hudson; John N. Taylor, Germantown; William Wilson, Clermont; Samuel Mallery, Hillsdale. Abraham I. Van Vleck, moderator Andrew M. Carshore, clerk. 1802. William Wilson, Clermont; Henry Livingston, Livingston; George Monell, Claverack James Brebner, Chatham John Whiting, Canaan Samuel Mallery, Hillsdale Garret Cuck, Germantown John Van Alen, Kinderhook Cotton Gelston, Hudson. William Wilson, moderator; Andrew M. Carshore, clerk.
1801. Abm.
Moncrief Livingston, Livingston
; ; ; ;
; ; ;
Edmonds, clerk. 1812. John Van Deusen, Livingston

Kinderhook
; ;
Frederick Rockefeller, Germantown;
Nathan Sears, Dnniel Warner, Canaan Peter Mesick, Claverack Henry Avery, Granger; Bartholomew Williams, Hillsd.ilc; Timothy Oakley, Chatham. Daniel Warner, moderator; James S. Livingston, clerk. 1813. Peter Mesick, Claverack; Daniel Warner, Canaan: Henry Avery, Granger; Samuel Wilbur, Chatham: John Van Henry Amariah Storrs, Hudson Deusen, Livingston
;
Thomas Brodhead, Clermont; Abraham Van Vleck, Hudson Allen Sheldon, Galla; ;
tin
1803.
Robert T. Livingston, Livingston

; ;
Nicholas Kline, Gallatin
Wm. Tanner, Hills.lale Garret Cuck, Mink, Gallatin Clermont Abm. Van Vleck, Kinderhook Frederick RockeDaniel Warner, moderator Wm. G. feller, Germantown.
; ; ; ; ;
Samuel Mallery, Hillsdale William Wilson, Clermont George Monell, Claverack Garret Cuck, Germantown Henry Avery, Granger; Cotton Gelston, Hudson; John Van Alen, Kinderhook; John Whiting, Canaan; James
Hubbel, clerk.
1814.
Peter
Mesick, Claverack;
Wm.
Storrs,
Hudson; John Van
Tanner, Hillsdale; Amariah Deusen, Livingston; Garret

;
Cuck, Clermont; Simon Rockefeller, Germantown
Isaac

Anoram Henry Avery, Taghkanic Peter Van Henry L. Van Dyck, Einderhook Matthew Beale, Chatham. Amariah Storra, moderator; Wm. G.
B. Smith,
; ;
NEW
YORK.
81
Vleek, Cunaan
L. Van Buren, chairman; John Moshor, clerk. Robert G. Frary, chairman Erastua H. Benn, clerk. Harmon B. Whitbeck, clerk. 1848. Robert A. Barnard, chairman
1846. 1847.
; ;
Hubbel, clerk.
1815.
1849
Robt. H. Van
Rensselaer, Hudson; Thoa. Jenkins,

;
Joaiah Holley, Ancram

Daniel Warner, Canaan
Henry
;
L.
Hudson; Van Dyck, Rinderbook;

;
1850-51.
1852.
1353.
Peter Meaick, Claveraok
Garret
;
Cuok, Clermont; Simon Rockefeller, Oermantoirn John Van Beusen, Livingston Augustus F. Haydon, Chatham Friend Sheldon, Taghkanic; Jonathan C. Olmatead, Hills, Henry L. Van Dyck, moderator; Wm. G. Hubbel, dale.
; ;
Ira Hand, chairman Jacob P. Miller, clerk. Gilbert Langdon, clerk. 1855. Ira Hand, chairman 1856. Samuel A. Baratow, chairman; John Whitbeck, clerk.
;
Jonaa H. Miller, chairman Harmon B. Whitbeck, clerk. David C. Neefus, clerk. L. Van Buren, chairman Peter P. Rosaman, chairman; John Whitbeck, clerk. Henry W. Reynolds, chairman John M. Welch, clerk.
;
1854.
clerk.
1816.
Henry L. Van Dyck, Einderbook
John Van Densen, Livingaton; Garret Cuck, Clermont; Friend Sheldon, Taghkanic James Strong, Hudson; John P.Jenkins, Hudson; Jonathan C. Olmstead, Hillsdale; Simon Rockefeller, German; ;
town; Peter Mosick, Claverack

;
Isaac B. Smith,
Ancrnm
1317.
Thomas Brodhead, Clermont;

; ;
Daniel Warner, Canaan Augustus F. Haydon, Chatham. H. L. Van Dyck, moderator; Wm. G. Hubbel, clerk. Henry L. Van Dyck, Kinderbook Henry Avery, Taghkanic Anthony Boucher, ClavDaniel Warner, Canaan laaac B. Smith, Anoram erack Edward Bagley, Hillsdale; Anson Pratt, Chatham Jamea Nixon, Jr., Hudson Paul Dakih, Hudson; Jphn Van DeuSimon Rockefeller, Germantown. H. L. aen, Livingston
;
;
1S18.
Van Dyck, moderator; Wm. G. Hubbel, clerk. Henry L. Van Dyck, Kinderhook Peter Van Alstyne, Chatham Elam Tilden, Canaan Tobias L. Hogeboom, Ghent;
; ; ;
1357._William M. Elton, chairman Robert W. McClellan, Clerk. Valentine Fingar, clerk. 1858. Geo. A. Kisselburgh, chairman 1359. Horatio N. Hand, chairman; Charles G. Coffin, clerk. I860. Hiram D. Ford, chairman; John V. Whitbeck, clerk. 1861. Horatio N. Hand, chairman Theodore Snyder, clerk. 1862. Stephen B. Barteau, chairman John Whitbeck, clerk. 1863. Wm. G. Mandeville, chairman; John Whitbeck, clerk. 1S64. Wm. G. Mandeville, chairman; J. Southart Van Wyck, clerk. 1865. Peter Mesick, chairman; John V. Whitbeck, clerk. 1866. John H. Overbiser, chairman; Gilbert Langdon, clerk. 1867. Peter Mesick, chairman; Gilbert Langdon, clerk. 1868-69 Jacob H. Proper, chairman: John Whitbeck, clerk. 1870. Henry Cornell, chairman; Aaron V. D. Whitbeck, clerk. 1871. Sherman Vnn Nesa, chairman; Jamea Miller, clerk. 1872. Lorenzo Gile, chairman Henry P. Horton, clerk. 1873. Hugh Van Alatyne, chairman; Ruluf Neefua, clerk. Sherman Van Nesa, chairman John C. Hubbard, clerk. 1874. 1875-77. Perkins F. Cady, chairman; Ruluf Neefua, clerk.
;
Jonathan C. Olmateud, Austerlitz Anthony Boucher, Claverack Joseph Morehouse, Hillsdale; James Nixon, Jr.,
;
;
1877.
Perkins
Hudson
ston
;
Paul Dakin, Hudson

I.
John Van Deusen, LivingIsaac B. Williams,

Rockefeller, Ger-
Adam
Strevel,
Taghkanic;
Eraatua Coona, Germantown Cady, Chatham John W. Coons, Qreenport; James Dingman, Stockport; Duntz, Gallatin Frederick F. Folger, Hudaon, Jacob H. 3d ward; Michael Guinan, Hudson, 2d ward; Franklin
F.
; ;
;
Anoram; Garret Cuck, Clermont; Simon mantown. H. L. Van Dyck, moderator;

clerk.
Hand,
New Lebanon
Charles
W. Havena, Canaan; Mag;
Wm.
G. Hubbel,
nua D. Herbs, Hudson, 4th ward William Hoag, Ancram William 6. Kittle, Ghent; John D. Langdon, Copake
;
1819. Henry L. Van Dyck, Kinderhook; Peter Van Vleck, Canaan Edward B. Pugaley, Ghent; Anthony Boucher, Claverack; John King, New Lebanon Joseph Morehouse, Hillsdale; Adam I. Strevel, Taghkanic Peter Van Alstyne, Chatham Thomas Brodhead, Clermont; Paul Dakin, Hudson; Barnabas Waterman, Hudaon Isaac B. Smith, Anoram Simon Rockefeller, Germantown George Lawrence, Aueterlitz John Van Deuaen, Livingaton; H. L. Van Dyck, moder; ;
Samuel L. Myers, Taghkanic Henry C. Pierson, Auaterlitz John Sagendorph, Claverack Abram L. Schermerhorn, Stuyveaant; Allen Sheldon, Hillsdale; Samuel Shutta, Livingston; Charles W. Trimper, Kinderhook; Sherman Van Nesa, Hudson, latw.ird; Harold Wilson, Clermont. Sherman Van Ness, chairman C. W. Davia, clerk.
;
;
ator; William G. Hubbel, clerk.

1820.
Anthony Boucher, Claverack;
Henry
L.
Van Dyck, Kinder-
book; Joseph Morehouse, Hillsdale; Edward B. Pugsley, Ghent; George Lawrence, Auaterlitz; Samuel A. Curtisa,
Canaan; John King, New Lebanon Isaac Milla, Chatham John Van Densen, Livingston Thomas Brodhead, Clermont; Isaac B. Williams, Ancram Adam I. Strevel, Taghkanic Barnabas Waterman, Hudaon Paul Dakin, Hudaon Simon Rockefeller, Germantown H. L. Van Dyck,
;
CHAPTER XL
DISTINGUISHED MBIT OF OOLXIMBIA COtrWTT.
The
county of Columbia has always been remarkable for
the very large number,
moderator; William G. Hubbel, clerk.

182l-'.!2. John King, moderator; William G. Hubbel, clerk.
among her
natives
and residents, of
It is
men who have

claimed
risen to high places of distinction.
1823. Walter Patterson, moderator; William G. Hubbel, clerk. 1824-27.John P. Boekman, moderator; William G. Hubbel, clerk. 1828.- Charles Waldo, moderator; William G. Hubbel, clerk. 1329.John King, moderator; William G. Hubbel, clerk. 1830. Oliver Wiawall, chairman William G. Hubbel, clerk. 1831. Wm. H. Wilson, chairman William G. Hubbel, clerk. 1332-34. Robert G. Frary, chairman William G. Hubbel, clerk.
; ; ;
and,
as
we
believe, without the possibility of suc-
cessful contradiction
that there
is
not in the State of
New
York, nor indeed witliin the United States, a county of

equal size which
is
able to boast of a roll so brilliant.
This county has produced a President and a Vice-President of the United States; Secretaries of
Lucas Hoea, chairman; William G. Hubbel, clerk. Garret Burgert, chairman Hiram Tapping, clerk. 1837. Levi chairman; Hiram Tapping,
1835.
lS3fi.
;
War
;
and of the
Treasury; Senators and Secretaries of State, both of the
Pitts,
"clerk.
United States and of the Stat of

Plenipotentiary to foreign courts
;
New York
;
Ministers
;
1838. James Mellen, chairman Joseph G. Palen, clerk. 1839. Chas. Easelstyne, chairman Joseph G. Palcn, clerk. 1840.John E. Warner, chairman Rodolphus P. Skinner, clerk. 1841. John Vanderpoel, chairman; Theodore Miller, clerk. 1842. John Vanderpoel, chairman Stephen Storm, clerk. 1843. Peter I. Hoes, chairman; Stephen Storm, clerk. 1844. Jamea Storm, chairman John H. Overhiaer, clerk. 1845. L. Van Buren, chairmon Henry Miller, clerk.
;
governors
judges
and
many
civil officers of scarcely less
exalted station, as well as
military and naval heroes.

It is our purpose to give, in this chapter, brief personal
sketches of some of the distinguished

chiefly of those
men To
of Columbia,
who have who
passed away, and including none

include
all,
who
are
now
residents of the county.
of
* The
liat
of aupervisors from 1821 to 1876 has been omitted on
the past and present,
deserve special mention would
account of
its
extreme length.
be impracticable.
11

election
NEW
YORK.
electoral votes of all
MAUTIN VAN BUREN.

Martin Van Buren, the eighth President of the United Abraham Van Buren, a farmer of Kin-
Mr. Van Buren received the
the States which voted for General Jack.soD, with the exception of Pennsylvania.
States, the son of
On
the 20th of May, 1835, the Democratic convention
derhook, was born in that town on theSthof December, 1782.
at Baltimore
unanimously nominated Mr. Van Buren

in
for
His early education, which was rather limited, was acquired at the Kinderhook Academy, which be left at the
ase of fourteen to enp;age in the study of the law, which he
the presidency, and

elected to the office,
electoral
the following
November he was
receiving one hundred and seventy
votes,
or
twenty-eight
more than the number
commenced
village,
in the office
in
of Francis Silvester,
the city of
in
his native
necessary to a choice.
but completed
New
York,
in the office
His inauguration
in
1837 was immediately followed by
of William P.
It
is
Van
Ness.
first
the memorable financial panic of that year, and suspension

public office held by Mr.
said
that the
Van
of specie payments by the banks.

factures
in
Commerce and manu-
Buren was
nearly, if not quite, the lowest possible, that of

;
were prostrate, hundreds of mercantile houses
fence-viewLT, in Kinderhook
but from that he ascended,
every part of the country became bankrupt, and during
with a rapidity which

to
is
seldom equaled, from one position

the
his entire administration the business of the country re-
another, until he reached
summit of
possible
am-
mained
In
in a
very depressed condition as a consequence of
bition,
the presidency.
that great revulsion.
In November, 1803, he was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court, and returned to commence practice in Kinderhook.
the great presidential campaign of 1840, in which

for re-election, these disto
Mr. Van Buren was nominated

asters
were by his
political
opponents attributed
;
the
In 1808 he was appointed surrogate of Columbia county. In 1812 he was elected to the Senate of the State, and in that body voted for electors pledged to support De Witt
Clinton for President of the United States.
measures of his administration
and such was the
effect
of
these allegations upon the voters of the country, that in
the election which followed Mr.

sixty electoral votes, against two
Van Buren
secured only
From 1815
to
hundred and thirty-four
1819 he
was again
W!is
attorney-general
of the State, and in 1816
cast for his opponent, General Harrison.
member of
the Senate, the two offices being
Upon
his retirement from the presidency,

to
March
to
4,
1841,
once
to
held together.
In 1818, Mr.
Van Buren
set
on foot a new
State,
he returned
his residence in
Kinderhook,
live
organization of the Democratic party in this
and
more among the friends and neighbors who delighted
do
became the ruling

as the
spirit in a coterie
of politicians
known
him honor.
In the year 1844 he was again urged as a
Albany Regency, among
whom
B. F. Butler,
Wm.
L.
presidential candidate
by northern Democrats, but was
re-
M-arcy, and
Edwin Croswell were afterwards prominent,

years.
jected by the southern
wing of the party on account of

of Mississippi,
his
who
for
held the political control of the State uninterruptedly
opposition to the annexation of Texas, as expressed by

in a letter to a citizen
liira
more than twenty
In 1821 he was elected to the

also a
who had
ealled for
United States Senate, and was
member
In the
of the convenlatter
his opinion on that question;
and by the two-thirds rule
tion to revise the State constitution.
body he
adopted
in the
convention his nomination was defeated. In
advocated an extension of the elective franchise, but opposed

universal suffrage, as also the plau of appointing justices of
1848, when the Democrats had nominated General Cass,
and avowed their readiness

tories lately acquired
to
tolerate slavery in the terri-
the peace by popular election.
from Mexico, Mr. Van Buren and his
On
the 6th of February, 1827, he was re-elected United
adherents, adopting the

at once
name of "
Free-Soil Democracy,"
States senator,
but resigned the
office
in
the following
to
year to accept that of governor of
New
first
York,
which
he had been elected.
One
of the
measures recom-
mended by him
office
as governor
was the safety fund banking

1829.
system, which was adopted in
He
resigned the
of governor to accept the secretaryship
of
state,
which was tendered him by President Jackson immediately

after his inauguration, in 1829.
In April, 1881, Mr.

secretary,
in
Van Buren
resigned the office of

to
new aspect of the They held a convention at Utica, June 22, which nominated Mr. Van Buren for President, and Mr. Henry Dodge, of Wisconsin, for Vice-President. Dodge declined the nomination, and at a general " FreeSoil" convention in Buffiilo on August 9, Charles Francis Adams was substituted. The convention declared that " Congress has no more power to make a slave than to make a king," and that it is the duty of the Federal govbegan
to discuss in
public that
slavery question.
and was appointed minister September

;
England, arriving
ernment
to
relieve itself of
all
responsibility for the
ex-
that country in
but his nomination, sub-
istence or continuance of slavery wherever the
government
mitted to the Senate in December, was rejected on the
possesses constitutional
power
its
to
legislate
on the subject,
ground that while secretary of

United States minister
to
state
he had instructed the
and
is
thus responsible for

this
its
existence.
In accepting the
England
to
beg of that country

as a
nomination of
full
certain concessions in regard to trade with her colonies in
assent to
anti-slavery principles.
new party Mr. Van Buren declared his The result was
hitherto attached to the
the
West
Indies,
which he should have demanded
that in
New York
he received the suflFrages of more than
right,
and that he had carried our domestic party contests
half of those
cratic party,
who had been
Demo-
and
their results into foreign diplomatic negotiations. rejection
and that General Taylor, the candidate of the

elected.
This
was followed, on
May
and
22, 1832, by the
Whigs, was
nomination of Mr. Van Buren for the vice-presidency, on

the ticket with General Jackson
;
After that time Mr.

his estate at
Van Buren remained
in private life
on
in
the subsequent
Kinderhook, with the exception of a prolonged
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY",

tour in "Europe in 1853-55.
civil
NEW
YORK.
wliole,
On
the outbreak
of the
question,
'
Who, on the
seemed
to
you the most

it
war, he
declared
himself warmly and decidedly in

its
considerable person
you ever met?'
Now
mu.t
be
favor of maintaining the republic in
integrity.
In
July, 1862, at a time
when
all
looked gloomy enough for
the northern armies and for the cause of the Union, the
venerable e.x-President lay dying at Lindenwald.
to the
man who had lived in a city one who had been a member of the called the metropolis who had come in contact State and National Legislatures
remembered
that this was a
;
"Previous
wandering of his mind," wrote a correspondent of
the Boston Journal from Kinderhook,

since,
when
reason returned, Mr.
"and ouce Van Buren has
or twice
evinced of the
the most lively and patriotic interest in the

country.
affairs
He
inquired of Dr.
Pruyn how the good work
of crushing the rebellion was going on, and was very particular to learn if the public confidence in the President
was yet firm and unshaken,

and appeared much
tive.
as
he thought
it
should be,
gratified
when answered
later,
in the afiBrma-
He
has
all
faith in the ultimate
triumph of our arms
and cause."
He
died a day or two
July 24, 1862.

and successful
Mr. Van Buren was an

politician,
active, laborious,
possessing a deep
and
intuitive
knowedge of
per-
human
suasion.
nature, and remarkable powers of
argument and
HLs private character was without a blemish, his

his feelings the
manners exceedingly pleasing, and
most
kind and generous, with never a touch of malice or hatred
even towards bis most bitter opponents.
On
the occasion of the death of his uncompromising
De Witt Clinton, in 1828, Mr. Van Buren pronounced a most eloquent eulogy, from which we extract the following admirable pa.s.sage " The triumph of
political antagonist,
:
his talents
and patriotism cannot
fail to
become monument.s
of high and enduring fame.
We
cannot, indeed, but re-
member
that in our public career collisions of opinions and
'{Xl^^^^:}^
action, at once extensive, earnest, and enduring, have arisen
between the deceased and many of
us.
For myself,
it
gives
me
a deep-felt though melancholy satisfaction to know, and

so to be conscious, that the deceased also felt and acpolitical difierences
more
free
with
men
of letters and
all
men
I
of business, with politicians
knowledged that our
have been wholly

all
and members of
the professions, during a long and dis-
from that most venomous and corroding of
poisons,
tinguished public career.

little curiosity.
paused for his answer with no
personal hatred.
But
in other respect it
what was the character
now immaterial They have of those collisions.

is
Would it be one of the great ex-Presidents whose names were known to all the world? Would it
been turned to nothing, and
less
than nothing, by the event
be the silver-tongued orator of Kentucky, or the godlike
we
deplore, and I doubt not that

heart, yield to his
we
will,
with one voice
and one
memory
the well-deserved tribute
champion of the constitution, our own Who would it be ? piter Capitolinus ?

"
'
New England
Ju-
of our respect for his name, and our warmest gratitude for
his great and
sincere,
Take
it
altogether,'
he answered, very
Eiisha
deliberately,
'
signal services.
is
For myself,
so strong, so
should say that Colonel

"
Williams was the most
so
engrossing
livihg never, no
never, envied
he has
with
its
fallen,
am
greatly
I, who whilst him anything, now that tempted to envy him his grave
that feeling, that
notable personage that I have ever met with.'

'
Colonel Eiisha Williams

?'
And who might
he be,
for-
sooth
"
honors."
A
;
gentleman of singular distinction,
you may be
his
Truly, the personal attainments and virtues of Martin
well assured, even though
you are not
familiar with
Van Buren,
rose,
as well as the pre-eminent station to
which he
name
I
but, as I
am
not writing a biographical dictionary,

reader to find out
shed
much
of lustre on
the
county that was his
shall leave it to
my
who and what he

in
birthplace and his home.
was."
We
ELISIIA WILLIAMS.
"
believe Dr.
title
Holmes was
at
fault
bestowing a
military
in
on the Hon. Eiisha Williams, but we will

tell,
Now
and then," says Oliver Wendell Holmes,
his
endeavor to he was."
in
a very brief sketch, "
who and what

first
" Poet at the Breakfast .Table," " one saves a reminiscence
that moans a great deal by
means of a casual question.
He
in that
was, for a period
embracing more than the
I asked the
first
of these old
New
Yorkers* the following

i
quarter of the present century, the bright particular star
-^ The gentleman of whom Dr. Holmes UoQ. UuliuQ C. Verplanck.
Qquiry was the
shining constellation of legal talent which formed
the bar of the county of Columbia.
He
was au orator
84

few peers
;
NEW
YORK.
who had
one
who by
the charm and power of
apoplexy, and died at the residence of Mr. Grcsvenor, on

the 29th of June, 1833.
his marrelons eloquence could captivate the
minds of his
auditors and sway
them
at his will.
He
was an advocate
few days after the sad event (July
2,
1833), at a
who, as such, seldom found an equal and never a superior;
meeting of gentlemen of the

the city
hall, for the
New York
xif
city bar, held at
whose renown was

this
so great
and so widely extended that

in the cities of
purpose
giving expression to their
his services were sought in important cases, not only through
grief at the death of the great lawyer, and their respect

for his character and talents, Mr. George Griffin, in second-
and neighboring counties and
Albany
New York, but also in the adjoining States; and of whom it was said by so competent a critic and so eminent
and
a barrister as
ing the proposed resolutions, gave utterance to the following

truthful and appropriate words of euloginm
:
the great
Thomas Addis Emmett, " I have listened to men of Europe and America, but never to one
captivate the judg-
" It
is
not
my
;
design to enter
upon a
detailed panegyric
of the deceased
biographer.
It
that will form a noble subject for the
who could enchain the attention and ment like Elisha Williams."
This
brilliant
is
my
purpose simply to allude to a few of
the most prominent features that distinguished him.

stranger would scarcely have been in
man, the son of Colonel Ebenezer Wil-
company with Elisha

of this, he
liams, and
grandson of the Rev. Ebenezer Williams, of
Williams without being aware that he stood in the presence

of an extraordinary man.
Pomfret, Conn., was
bom
in that
town on the 29th of
To be convinced
August, 1773,* and, losing his father by death while be
need not have witnessed the flashes of his wit, sparkling
was yet but a youth, was placed under the guardianship of Cap tain Seth Grcsvenor, of Pomfret, who attended to his
early education, which, however, was not very complete.
from
its
own
intrinsic
brilliancy,
nor his soul-subduing
pathos, nor the displays of his deep knowledge of

nature. a
human
There belonged
to the deceased
an eye, a voice,
At
a date which
we
are unable to give, he was placed in
niiijesty
of person and of mien, that marked him for
the law-oflSce of Judge Reeves, of Litchfield, Conn., where
superiority.
With
these advantages,
it
is
not surprising
the universal
it
he completed his preparation for the profession
in
which
that his eloquence should have
commanded
It
he afterwards become so eminent.

less
In June, 1793, when
admiration of his contemporaries.

spontaneous,
it
was peculiar,
was
than twenty years of age, he was admitted to the bar,

to seek a location,
was variegated,
it
was overwhelming,
now
and then started out

manteau, and
having with him
triumphing over the convinced and subdued understanding,
his entire personal property, consisting of a horse, a portless
than twenty dollars in
money.
He
now bearing away in willing captivity the rapt imagination, and now knocking with resistless energy at the doors of the
heart.
decided on Spencertown, in
settled,
Columbia county, and there

he was united
in
and two years
later
marriage
" I have alluded to his knowledge of
human
to
nature.
It
with the daughter of his former guardian, Miss Lucia

Grcsvenor, by
was indeed more varied and profound than I have ever witnessed in any other advocate.
It
whom
may
he had
five children.
seemed
have been his

said of
:
In 1799 he removed to the city of Hudson, and from

that
by
intuition.
'
'
He
needed
not,' as
Dryden
Shak-
removal
career.
be dated
first
the commencement of his
speare,
the spectacle of books to read nature
he looked
famous
He
took his seat in the Assembly in
inward, and found her there.'
By
a kind of untaught
intellectual
1801, and from that time became one of the principal

leaders of the Federal party in the State as well as in Co-
anatomy he was capable of dissecting our

moral frame.
It
and
was
this quality
which gave him his
lumbia county.
He always
declined to accept higher

so,
office,
transcendent power in the examination and cross-examination of witnesses, enabling
although frequently importuned to do
and although
bim
to
drag forth the truth in

its
himself exerting a controlling influence and almost dictating the nominations so long as his party remained in
triumph from the inmost
recesses of
hiding-place.
owed
little
to early education.
Like Shakspeare,
He whom he
knowl-
power.
resembled in wit, in imagination, in brilliancy,
in
He
for a
was president of the Bank of Columbia
at
Hudson
edge of the human heart,

architect of himself
in
creative powers, he was the

he, even in after-life, distin-
number of years, and a large owner in the institution. Through some of his transactions he became possessed of a
tract of land
site
Nor was
guished for laborious study.
His communion was with
his
embracing
all
or a large portion of the present
own mighty mind.

from heaven alone
;
Lik Prometheus, he borrowed
his fire
of the village of Waterloo, in Seneca county.

;
From
means
he be-
and without underrating professional
these lands he realized large returns
so that
by
this
attainments, or the profound and patient research necessary

for
and through
his very lucrative professional business

at
their
acquisition, perhaps it
it
may be
was well
said that in the

for
came what was
that
time considered a wealthy

life
man
peculiar case of Mr. Williams
him and
less
;
for
Some
of the
last
years of his
were passed upon his

his last
the public that he poised himself so exclusively on
his
property in Seneca county.
The weary days of
own
resources.
If by this means he imparted
of the
if
sickness were spent principally at Hudson, the city of his

preference, as
fessional
it
thoughts of others, he imparted more of his own
he
had been the scene of most of his pro-
displayed less of the lore of other times, he displayed
more
triumphs.
During a deceptive
rally
from the
prostration of his illness he visited the city of

for a temporary stay, but
New York
of the treasures of his own rich intellect. " At the outset of his career he attained distinction, and
while there was stricken with
he remained
in
the
first
ill
rank of his profession until near

health induced
the age of sixty,

These facta are taken from "The Genealogy and History of the Williams Family," by S. W. Williams.
when
him
to retire
with
his
undiminished powers.
last
I
in
was associated with him

this
ball
;
in
professional effort
when,
like the clear

setting snn, he shed
NEW YORK.
lest
85
leave forever the

less
full
upon the horizon that he was about to and gladdening radiance of his match-
hold their breath,
a single silver
word or intonation
might be
lost to
the ear.
eloquence.
Colonel William L. Stone, once a resident of Hudson,
"
Nor was
his heart inferior to his head.
He
was the
most most
and afterwaids editor of the

tiser,
New York Commeicial Advermade by

;
most dutiful of
sons, the kindest of husbands, the
used, in early years, to report the speeches

in
affectionate of fathers, the best of neighbors, and the
Mr. Williams
the Assembly
and
in
mentioning that
in a letter writ-
faithful of friends.
He
had ever
'
an eye for pity, and a

the poor man's
circum-stance, the
widow of Colonel Stone,
hand open
to melting charity.'
He was
benefactor.
ten several years after the death of Mr. Williams, said, in
gratuitous adviser and liberal
His
charities
reference to
it :*
were more munificent than his mean.s, and the blessings of many a one who was ready to perish have ascended before
" However, Mr. Stone always said
it
was impossible
for
any
re-
him
to the throne of
God."
reference to
porter to do him justice, for unless one could have before him his imposing figure, his beautiful countenance, beaming with high intellectual effort,
to light
meeting of members of the Oneida county bar, held
at Utica,
July
2,
1833, adopted resolutions
in
up
all
and resplendent often with flashes of wit, which seemed unless the inimitable grace of the faces around him
;
bis
the death of Mr. Williams, from which resolutions

tract as follows
:
we
ex-
with
bold
manners, as unconstrained as those of beautiful infancy, together all the simplicity and earnestness of a true heart, it would be
impossible to convey one-half of the charm by which he seemed to all his audience, and sway all the minds before him, as by one
" The committee of the bar altending the July term of the Supreme
mighty impulse,
till
they saw with his eyes, beard with bis ears, and
Court have received, with most profound grief, the intelligence of the death of their honored and beloved associate, Elisha Williams, Esq. Of the splendid talents, which pliiccd Mr. Williams among the very
first of their profession, their
laid their hearts as oflerings at his feet."
Such was Elisha Williams

and powers of mind, who
is
man
of transcendent gifts
all
testimony can add no new evidence.
shown, by a concurrence of
During a professional career of nearly forty years, every part of our State has had an opportunity of witnessing the wonderful efforts of bis intellect, and of feeling the power of bis surpassing eloquence. Although distinguished amongst the ablest debaters in our public councils, yet we feel it to be our right and our duty to claim him as one of the most illustrious ornaments of that profession to which his life was devoted, and in which his greatest triumphs were achieved. To us, and to our successors, bis example has furnished a lesson of incalculable value. Literally the maker of his own fortune and fame,
his path to greatness
is
available testimony, to have occupied one of the highest

places
among
the distinguished
all
men
of the State of
life
New
York.
During
the years of his professional
he was
a resident of
Columbia county.
is
He was
her idol and her
boast,
and his fame
her rightful inheritance.
JUDGE ROBERT
R.
LIVIXGSTON.f
first propri-
everywhere strewed with
relics of difQculties
overcome and obstacles subdued. " But great as were bis intellectual etforts, and splendid as was bis professional course, he is more strongly endeared to his associates and brethren by ties ot a different kind, and which even death cannot sever.
so
Judge Robert R. Livingston, the son of the

etor of Clermont,
was born
in
1719.
In 1742 he married
Margaret Beekman, daughter of Colonel Henry Beekman,

and granddaughter, on her mother's
of the
first
The frankness and generosity of his noble nature, which irresistibly won the confidence and esteem of those who knew him,
full
side,
of Robert, nephew
proprietor of Livingston manor, and Margaret
furnished unerring indications of that excellent and
heart which
was constantly overflowing which made him love
ia acts of the purest benevolence,
and
Schuyler.
The
children of
Judge Livingston were four

died in infancy.
:
his friend
more than himself,"
sons and six daughters.
One daughter
The names
Elisha Williams was a distant relative of General Otho
of the children were as follows
Janet, born 1743, married to
the celebrated Richard

R., first chancel;
Holland Williams, who was

staff of
at
one time a member of the
Montgomery, who
lor
fell
at
Quebec; Robert
York, born 1746
General Washington, and of

is
whom
the commander-
of the State of
New
Margaret, born
in-chief
reported to have said that he was the most noblein
1748, married Dr. Tillotson, of Rhinebcck, who was one of

the early secretaries of the State of
looking officer
physical
the Revolutionary army.
Perhaps
for
this
all
perfection
was a family characteristic,
born 1750, a colonel
in
the
New York Henry B., army of the Revolution Cath; ;
accounts, both oral and published, of the groat advocate
arine, born 1752, married
Rev. Freeborn Garrettson, one of
of Hudson, agree that
it
was possessed by him
in
an emi-
the early pioneers of the Methodist church in the United

States
ried
;
nent degree.
His proportions are
said to have been
most
John
R., born
1755
Gertrude, born 1757, mar-
striking in their stateliness and symmetry.

large, clear,
His eye was

fearless,
the politician, general, and governor,
Morgan Lewis
Peter R.
and searching; his countenance open,

all
Joanna, born 1759, married the great

Livingston
;
politician,
and expressive; and
his features,
and
his general mien,
Alida, born 1761, married General
John Arm-
were so distinguished
as to enchain the attention
even of
strong, of the
Revolution
Edward, born 1764, one of
the casual observer or stranger.
America's most distinguished men.

clear,
But
ever
in
it
it
was not
until
his
melodious voice was
Judse Livingston
filled
as important a part in the advent
heard that his marvelous powers were revealed.
Whenin
stages of the Revolution as his sons and daughters bore in
was known that he was

whether
at
to
be present and engaged

in
and through the great war
for
freedom.
He
was chairman
trial,
his
home
to
Hudson or
other
of the committee appointed by the General Assembly of
places,
to
which he was
so
frequently called, the court-*

the extreme of
its
New York
9 The
extract
is
to correspond
with other Assemblies in relation
house was invariably crowded

pacity
;
caletter
tiie
and when he spoke, the court, and the jury, and
was written to Mr. McKinstry, of Hudson, and the from the " Genealogy and History of the Williams Family."
auditory gave close and undivided attention to his utterances, and often during the finer passages would seem to
of Livingston will f Further mention of the distinguished family be found iu the history of the town of Clermont.
86

He
He
was admitted,
in the
NEW
YORK.
Her husband,
the
to the grievances of the colonies.
and died
heroic,
in
June, 1800, at Clermont.

in
absence of delegates regularly appointed by

the stamp-act Congress of 1765.
New
York, to
judge, died also at Clermont,
1775.
She was a brave,

part in the
was the author of the
and
patriotic
woman, and bore a noble
address to the king, adopted by that body, praying for the

invaluable rights of taxing ourselves, and of trials by our
peers.
home-life as one of the
women
of the American Revolution.
On
account of his .sympathy with the popular side
in the incipiency of the
Revolution he
ROBERT
R.
LIVINGSTON (THE CHANCELLOR).

his wife
lost his position as
judge of the king's bench.

sity of united
nies,
As
the
crisis
conflict
with
the
Judge Livingston and

remiirkal)le
were blessed by a most

six daughters,
mother-country advanced towards a
he saw the necescolo-
group of children,
and open resistance on the part of the
four sons and
all
of
whom, when
married, settled upon the banks of
and
in
the famous postscript to his letter to his son,

at the Congress in Philadelphia,
.saltpetre for
the Hudson, extending from Staatsburg to Clermont.

oldest
The
Robert R., the chancellor,

in
and youngest sons, Robert R. and Edward, were

in the city of
1775, made inquiry about
the purpose of
prominent statesmen.
Robert R. Livingston was born
manufacturing powder.
He was
at that time his son,
engaged
in
the
New York
erection of a powder-mill, in ingston, manufactured
which
John R. Liv-
on the 27tli of November, 1746.
He was
educated by
powder during the Revolution.
the best teachers of the period, and afterwards at King's
JUDGE ROBERT
Judge Livingston was
sive knowledge,
R.
HVINOSTON.
(now Columbia)
College, then under the presidency of
man
of solid judgment, exten-
Myles
and high Christian character.

to a
His wile
Cooper, of Revolutionary celebrity, where he graduated, in

17(54, at the early age of eighteen.
was an heiress
she writes, "
ingston.
very large landed estate, the grand"
He
studied law under
daughter of Margaret Schuyler.

I
At
the age of eighteen,"
Wîlliam Smith, the historian of

in
New
York, and afterwards

di.--
was made the happy wife of Robert R. Liv-
the
office
of his relativcj William Liviiigston, the
To
Say that
my
best friend was an agreeable
man
the
tiiiguishcd governor of
ber, 1770,
New
Jersey.
On
the 9th of Octo-
would but
ill
express a character that shone
among
he married Miss Elizabeth Stevens, daughter of
brightest, his finely-cultivated understanding, his just
and
wise decisions as a judge, a patriot ever attentive to the interests of his country,
Hon. John Stevens, of Hunterdon, N. J. In October, 1773, ho was admitted to the bar, and worked hard, becoming very eminent
Jay.
in
and a discerning
politician."
One
to
his
profession,
and
for
a short
of
Judge Livingston's most intimate

to
friends,
William Smith,
were
be
time was in partnership with his intimate friend, John
the historian, was accustomed
say, " If I
Soon
after
this
he was appointed recorder of his

In this situa-
placed on a desert island, with but one book and one friend,
that book should be the Bible and that friend Robert R.
native city, and was an early opponent of British oppression,
taking a very active part in

the
politics.
Livingston."
tion
Revolution found him, so that both father and
Margaret Beekman survived her husband many years,
sun rclinciuishud at the same time important judicial sta-

tions to take part with their fellow-patriots in the liberation
87
Other duties of a more

sible character,
active,
though not more respon-
of their country.
delegates from the colony of
engaged Mr. Livingston's attention, as memof safety,
The
New York
to the
Con-
ber
of the
council
by which
body he
was
tinental Congress,
which met
in
Philadelphia in May, 1775,
charged with military powers to aid General Schuyler on

the northern and western frontiers, as well as for the protection of the
were John Jay, John Alsop, James Duane, Philip Schuyler,
George Clinton, Lewis

and the weight of
terred from
tiie fact
Morri.'?,
and Robert R. Livingston

and character may be
Hudson.
office
llieir
talents
in-
In 1781, upon the creation of the
by Congress,
that
Mr. Jay, Mr. Duane, Mr.

placed
Suliuylcr,
Mr. Livingston was appointed the

and Robert Morris
the
first
first
foreign secretary,
and
Mr.
Livingston
were
upon
the
committees
superintendent of finance.
aflFairs
charged with the most responsible duties.
Mr. Livingston
Mr. Livingston served as secretary of foreign
from
took a leading part in the debates of the Congress.
He
mem-
1781
to
1783, when he resigned, as he had received the
was placed on the committee

for the confederation
lo prepare
and report a plan
appointment of chancellor of the State of
New
York.
of the colonies, and was also a
The diplomatic correspondence of
the Revolutionary war
ber of the committee appointed to draw up and prepare

the Declaration of Independence.
may
here be referred to as documentary testimony to the
cabinet services of Mr. Livingston during the period of his

foreign secretary.-ihip.
After the adoption of the Declaration of Independence
a pRintiiig by Vnndcrlyn.
ROBERT
the colony of
R.
LIVI.NOSTON ^THE CII.\.NCELL0R).
New York was changed
to
State, and
in
When
office.
appointed chancellor of the State of

first
New
York,
Robert R. Livingston was placed upon the coinmilteo, with
178H, he was the

It
person
legal
who had
ever held that

in
John Jay, Gouverneur Morris, Charles De Witt, and

to draft
others,
was the highest
distinction
the State,
and report the constitution.
Robert R. Livingston
and of the four who were
his succes.sois in office
up
to the
introduced into this instrument the section creating the

council
abolition of the chancellorship, none filled the station with
of revision, a
body composed of the governor,

sat to
more
learning, ability, or dignity.
"
The august
tribunal
chancellor,
revise
ture,
ber.
and judges of the Supreme Court, which

about
to
whose justice be dispensed, though since covered with a

halo of glory, never has boasted a more prompt,
or
all bills
be pa.ssed into laws by the Legisla-
more
a.s
able,
and of which he himself became a prominent mem-
more
faithful
officer."
In his
official
capacity
chan-
The
court existed
its
till
it
was abolished by the consolely in the
cellor
ister
of the State of
New York
he had the honor
to
admin-
vention of 1821, and
powers lodged
hands Mr.
the oath of office to Washington, on his inauguration
of the governor by the constitution
of that year.
as
first
President of the United States.

the city hall,
The ceremony took

up
for the
Livingston performed the labor of revising tlie-diaft of the

State constitution of 1777,
place at
street,
New
this
York, then fronting on Wall

fitted
not by
;iny
means an easy
task,
to
which had been specially
recep-
but one which required the best talent and learning

accomplish.
tion of Congress.
On
memorable occasion Chancellor
Livingston, after having administered the oath, exclaimed,
83

deep and impressive tones, " Long
live
!"
NEW YORK.
in
George Wash-
substantial welfare of the land, a pre-eminently conspicuous
ington, President of the United States
place will ever be assigned to Robert R. Livingston."*
Chancellor Livingston was tendered the pest of minister

to
its
He
departed this
life
at Clermont, his seat on the
Hud-
France by President Washington, but saw

acceptance
;
fit
to decline
son, Feb. 26, 1813, in the sixty-sixth year of his age.
He
at a later period, however, after refusing the
was buried
in
the old manor vault of the Livingston family
position of secretary of the navy in the cabinet of President

Jefferson, he
to France,
at Clermont.
was prevailed upon
to
undertake the mission

to
EDWARD
LIVINfiSTOjr.
and was appointed minister plenipotentiary

to accept a post
that government in 1801, resigning the chancellorship of
New York
Edward Livingston, the youngest son and youngest child of Judge Robert R. Livingston, was born at Clermont, Columbia Co., N. Y., on the 28th
of.
abroad.
On
his
arrival
in
May, 1764.
He was
at
France he was received by Napoleon Bonaparte, then First

Consul, with marked respect and cordiality.
home at
the time his mother's house in Clermont ^yas burned,

at the
His ministry
to the
in
and formed one of the number who retreated

of the troops.
approach
was signalized by the cession of Louisiana

States, which,
United
1803,
In 1781 he graduated at Nassau Hall College,
through his negotiations, took place
Princeton, N. J., and afterwards studied law in the oflSce
adding
all
the immense territory west of the Mississippi
of John Lansing, Albany, N. Y.

dents were
Among
his fellow-stu-
river to our possessions.
While
in
Paris he
Fulton, and a
made the acquaintance of Robert warm frisndship grew up between them

in-
James Kent, Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and many other men afterwards distinguished in their country's book of fame. The office of Edward Livingston,
in
together they successfully developed a plan for steam-navigation.
New
York, was a basement front room
in
the house
.street,
Mr. Livingston had previously become deeply

;
where he resided with his mother. No. 51 Queen
terested in the subject
he had constructed a boat, and had
obtained of the Legislature of

right to navigate
its
New York
in
now
Pearl street, near Wall.
At
the
this city
mansion La-
the exclusive
fayette
and the
French
officers
all
used to
call
and spend
the family
waters by steam-power for a period of

France, he
twenty years.
On
pleasant evenings, and as
members of
it
meeting Fulton
made him
could speak the French language well,

to the
was very agreeable
acquainted with what he had done in America, and, from

his
French
officers.
knowledge of Fulton's mechanical genius, he advised

to turn his attention to the subject,
Edward Livingston was married

the
to
Miss
McEvers on
he took
him
which he
did, and,
10th of April, 1788.
In December, 1795,
after various experiments, the
two together launched a

after their return to
trial
his first seat in
Congress, where he distinguished himself
boat on the Seine, which, however, did not meet their exas
one of the ablest orators and debaters of the House.
In
pectations
in
and
it
was not
till
America,
1807,
tliat
the " Clermont" was built and launched upon

clearly
1801
he received from President Jefferson the appointfor
ment of attorney of the United -States
the district of
city,
the
Hudson, and
demonstrated the
feasibility
of
steam-navigation.
Chancellor Livingston was the inventor,

to
York, and was soon after elected mayor of that entering upon the duties of his office Aug. 2-1, 1801.
New
He
but the success of the invention was due
improvements
in
was the successor of De Witt Clinton and Richard Variok,

in the order
suggested and made by Robert Fulton, and put
operation
named.
by the combined genius of the two great minds.
It should
After the purchase of Louisiana by our government, he

resolved to remove to
be remembered, however, that Mr. Livingston was the prime
mover, and was therefore instrumental in perfecting and

bringing before the world one of the greatest discoveries
of the age.
New
Orleans and commence a legal
career in that city, and accordingly left
New York
in
De-
cember, 1803, arriving in the Crescent City, then a settle-
ment of a few French, Spanish, and

life
Creoles, in February
The
retirement of Chancellor Livingston from public
1804.
was but the beginning of a new era of usefulness in his

uicuiorablc career.
He
posses.sed a
knowledge of French, Spanish, and

to
During the remainder of

in introducing a
German, which was of great advantage

uation.
him
in his
new
sit-
his life
he
devoted
ture,
much
time and attention to the subject of agricul-
He
belonged
to the fraternity
of Ma.sons, and was

his profes-
and was actively engaged
number of
Master of the
sion,
New
Orleans lodge.
Rising in
valuable improvements in that art into the State of
New
he became the greatest statesman of his day.
He was
it
one of the chief defenders of

sieged by the British in 1814.
New
Orleans when
was be-
York.
He
And
Having, as chairman of the
was the principal founder of the American Academy
of Fine Arts, established in the city of
New York
committee of
in
safety, sent forth a stirring address to the peo-
1801.
ple to rouse themselves for the defense of their city, he
was
although giving almost the

it
first
impul.se to art culture
in this country,
was not
in
this that
he was so much a
subsist-
the
first to
meet General Jackson
at the
head of
his
com-
benefactor as in his aid to the
means of common
soil,
mittee and lay before him the plans for the defense.
In 1820 he accepted a seat

Louisiana Legislature, and in
in
the lower house of the
ence derived from the cultivation of the
by
his intro-
1821 was elected by the
duction of improvements in the theory and practice of husbandry.
General Assembly
to
revise
the code of the State.

called
He
Like Washington, he took a deep
interest in
all
formed what was afterwards
the Livingston code,
that pertained to the welfare of his countrymen, but in an

especial
manner
the
which obtained great reputation.

in
He
framed and urged
agriculture.
His
last
work, written a
to this subject.
the passage of a law for the abolition of capital punishment,
few years previous

"
to his death,
was devoted
Among
men
of our
common
but
country who, by their
it
was not accepted by the
State.
deeds and fame, have added to the national glory and to the
Frederick Dc Peystcr, LL.D.

The name of Edward Livingston became
throughout the world.
will
NEW
YORK.
SO
celebrated
Victor
the
be numbered
among
Hugo wrote to him, " You men of this age who have de-
of
Edward P. Livingston was elected lieutenant-governor New York in 1831, and was several times sent to the
State Senate, the last time in 1838.

dential elector,
He
was chosen
presi-
served most and best of mankind."

elected
as
He
was unanimously
was aid
to
Governor Tompkins, and private
a representative to Congress, in July, 1822,

elected, serving six sessions as
secretary to the chancellor during the latter portion of his
and afterwards, again, twice
ministry to France.
representative from Louisiana.
In 1828 he was elected
He was
a grandson of Philip
Livingston, one of the
United States senator, and became a senator on the same
signers of the Declaration of Independence.

at the lower manor-house, or
till
He
resided
day that his
friend, Gêneral Jackson,
became President of
duties of senator
to his splendid
left
Clermont manor, from 1802
the United States.

till
He
discharged the
the time of his death.
He
was a graduate of Co-
March, 1831, and had scarcely removed

Janet, than he was
lumbia College, which institution he entered at the age of

sixteen years, and was a
farm and country-seat (Montgomery Place)
him by
in
his
man
of liberal culture and un-
widowed
ton,
sister,
summoned
to
Washingthe
usual fondness for reading, taking a great interest also in

agriculture.
and urged
to accept the secretaryship
of state
cabinet of President Jackson.
His stand taken with Jack-
In early
life
he went to England to engage in commercial
son against the nullifiers of South Carolina and his hand
pursuits, but finding no desirable opening, he soon returned.
EDW.\RD
in
P.
LIVINGSTON.
the famous proclamation issued at that time are well
He
was proposed
in
1831
for
governor of the State, but
known.
In April, 1833, the President selected
Edward
his right was questioned on the
ground of
his
having been
Livingston as minister to France, and his son-in-law, Mr.

Barton, as
secretary of legation.
after
born
in
the island of Jamaica.
It did not
invalidate his
On
his
return to the
claim, but was used to defeat his nomination, and he
was
United States,
the able fulfillment of his responsible
elected lieutenant-governor instead.
duties, his receptions
by
his
countrymen were one grand

of his remarkably
bril-
Mr. Clarkson,
cellor Livingston
in
describing the old manor-house of Chanto

it
ovation.
This was the
last service
and the reception given there

the grand reception
Lafayette,
liant career.
O'b Saturday,
May
21, 1836, he was suddenly

colic,
remark.s, "
At the time of
was occu-
taken very
ill
with an attack of bilious
from which
23, 1836, in
pied by Robert L. Livingston,

cellor Livingston's
he did not recover, but died on Monday,

the seventy-second year of his age.
May
who married one of Chantwo daughters, and Edward P. Livingston
married the other, and occupied at this time the old manor-
house adjoining."
EDWARD
in
P.
LIVINGSTON.
in the island of
This house
is
now occupied by
a grandson of the chan-
Edward P. Livingston was born
Jamaica
1780, and died November, 1843.
He
married Elizabeth
Stevens, eldest daughter of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston.
Mr. Clermont Livingston, a most worthy representaHe is the son and succcs.<;or tive of that noble old family. in the estate of Edward V. Livingston, whoso portrait
cellor,
appears above.
12
90

WILLIAM W. VAN NESS.
Judge William W. Van Ness was born
at
political
NEW
YORK.
to blast the character of
opponents
Judge Yan
will
Clavemek
in
Ness, by allegations of corruption on his part in the matter
the year 1776.
limited, being such only as were afforded

village,
His early educational advantages were rather by his native as he did not receive a collegiate education. While
in
of the chartering of the Bank of America, which
be
found noticed more
at length in the
mention of the Bank
of Columbia, in the history of the city of Hudson, as also

the testimony given by his friend,
Eli.-iha
quite
office
young he comnienced the study of the law
the
Williams, before
of John Bay, Esq., but afterwards served part of the

in
a committee appointed by the Legislature,
which testimony
time of his legal clerkship with Chancellor Livingston,
had the
effect of fully
exonerating and acquitting Judge
New
York.
In 1797, at the age of twfnty-one, he was
Van
case,
Ness, by the report of that committee,
made April
6,
licensed as an attorney, and
commenced
until
practice in Clavre-
1820.
Of
that report, and
upon the circumstances of the
erack, but soon after
removed to Hudson, and there

a judge of the
one of the leading journals of that day remarked as
mained
in full
and lucrative practice
the year 1807,
follows
" After a long, faithful,
when he was appointed
Supreme Court of
and impartial examination, the

the
New
York, under the administration of Governor Morgan
committee appointed
official
for
purpose of examining the
Lewis.
Of
this
appointment and of his previous profes-
conduct of Hon. William
W. Van
Ness made their

and we
feel a
sional career the
Hon. Aaron Vanderpoel spoke

a youth
as follows
satisfactory report to the State Legislature,
"
Though but comparatively
when
intrusted
sincere gratification in saying that the elevated character of
with the high and responsible
office
of judge, he had already
our judiciary stands unimpaired, and the reputation and

integrity of one of
its
secured to himself an enviable measure of professional fame.
most useful ornaments untouched

though
brief, is full, satisfac-
His reputation as an advocate, or

in the State.
as
it is
vulgarly called
all
'
and unsullied.
tory,
The
report,
jury lawyer,' was at that time eminent beyond
parallel
and conclusive.
He
has passed through the ordeal
The
various rencounters between
him and
unharmed, and that too

wealth, and
at a period of party excitement
professional brother* must, according to the accounts
of
almost without a parallel.

influence could
Every engine that party
rage,
in
those
who
witnessed them, have afforded some of the most
command
has
been
set
interesting exhibitions of forensic talent.

))oth
Those who knew

occasions,
motion
to
impeach his conduct, with certain charges pre-
men must
feel
assured that,
all
upon such
ferred against
him by the
editors of the
[New York] Ameriinnocence

has
genius must have burst forth in
her variegated aspects.
can, but, after the strictest scrutiny, nothing could be proved

against him.
exhibit her proudest laurels.

mellifluous
accents, with
Here eloquence could give her proudest .specimens, and often The one, with smooth and
chaste and elegant
simplicity,
On
the contrary, his
been
completely established and the purity of the bench declared
winning the hearts and judgments of the jury; the other

brandishing with terrible
effect
sentatives.
by the unanimous voice of the people through their repreWe congratulate (he public upon the honorable
the many-edged sword of

satire.
. .
.
exculpation of this distinguished citizen and brilliant orna-
argument, vehemence, wit, imagination, and

It
ment of the bench."

While
brose
this investigation to
was not
at
term that his worth was most conspicuous.
was yet
"
in progress.
Judge AmJudge Van

but
At
nisi-prius his greatness
was most resplendent.
There,
to the
Spencer wrote
Solomon Van Rensselaer these

:
in his charges to the jury,
and his melting appeals

resources
words of cheer and confidence

the refiner's hands."
Your
friend.
hardened culprit about to be consigned

gallows,
original
to the prison or the
Ness, I have no doubt will come out as pure as gold ft-om
might be seen developed

and comprehensive mind.
villainy melt
the
I
of his
And
the prediction proved true

it
have seen desperate
the attempt to impeach him, though
failed, cast a
shadow
and hard-hearted
appeals.
I
and tremble under his pathetic

in
over the
life
of
is
Van
Ness, from which he never recovered,
have heard of pathos

I
books upon rhetoric,
and which,
it
said, accelerated the disease
which carried
but never have
heard
it
so successfully exemplified as
by
him
to an early grave.
the subject of this memoir.
Not
forgetting the feelings of
the
man
in the severe duties of the judge,
he often gave
In causes
to
Upon his retirement from the Supreme bench be removed to New York, and there resumed the practice of his
profession
;
proof unequivocal that he felt as well as spoke.
but his health rapidly declined, and at the close

last resort,
where
its
life
was
at
stake,
where cruelty was
receive
of the year 1822 his physician bade him, as a

to
just retribution, and where the assassin of reputation

to
seek
the milder climate of the south.
few days be-
was
be reproved by the verdict of the jury,
have heard
eloctricity.
fore setting out on this,
which proved
his last journey, he
break from him strains of eloquence potent as
addressed a most touching letter " to Solomon

selaer
Van Rens-
I would not derogate from the reputation of the eminent
judges with
whom he was
associated, but I
know
that they
and Dr. William Bay, Albany," between whom and himself, as appears, some unpleasant feelings had been engendered
erack, and
unitedly contend that, in charging a jury, he had no equal,
Dr.
neither in this State nor this country."
had married
Bay was the son of John Bay, of ClavThe a sister of Judge Van Ne.ss.
was as follows
lu 1820 an unjustifiable and cruel attempt was

3
made by
who
It
letter referred to
The
professional brother referred to was Elisha Williams,

his antagonist in cases
" .My BK\n FriiEsns,
This
was coDstaDily
is told
argued before the courts.
J wish
to Icrniinate
it
in
York, Monday, Dec. 30, 1822. is about drawing to a close, and peace with all mankind if I can. I wrote
year
"
New
Van Ness
of Mr. Williams that, on hearing of the appointment of Mr. to the bench, he exclaimed, " Thank God I have now no
!
you a
is to
highly improper, cruel, and unjust.
longer an opponent to beat
me by asking
the foreman of the jury for
some time ago, containing, no doubt, many expressions The only atonement I can make ask your pardon and forgiveness. My wife, myself, and serletter
sail
a chew of tobacco."
vant (by the advice of Dr. Post)
for Charleston
on Thursday,

Friday, Saturday, or Sunday, depending on wind and weather. If to me, let me hear from you both every
in
NEW
YORK.
91
ted to the bar in 1789, and in the same year was appointed
clerk of the city of
you should become reconciled

once
a while.
Hudson.
In 1793 he was elected a

in
May God
enable you,
!
may God
suffer you, to
enjoy
many happy
returns of the season
member of Assembly from Columbia, and

to the Senate
1795 was elected
"Your
sincere friend, " W.
from the eastern
district of the State,
making
his
W. Van
Ness."
first
appearance as senator in January, 1796.
He
was made
assistant attorney-general for the judicial district
composed of
re-elected
The change of climate wrought no

or
.spirit.
healing either to body
Columbia and Dutchess counties, and

to
in
1798 was
He
died in Charleston, S.
C, Feb.
27, 182:^ at
the Senate, being at the same time a
member of the
the age of forty-seven years, and his remains were brought
back and buried
in
the church-yard at Claverack.
At
In February, 1302, he was ap-
pointed attorney-general of the State, and held that office
meeting of the Columbia bar, convened upon the announce-
ment of
of him,
his death,
March
22, 1823, Elisha Williams said

pride,
"
He
1804. when he resigned it to accept a seat upon the Supreme bench, to which he was at that time appointed,
until
was indeed the
the ornament, the
patron of our bar.
How
and on which he served

four of which he
filled
for nineteen years,
during the
last
often has he animated and ad-
the position of chief-justice, having
monished those who now hear

profession
!
me
to strive for
honorable
How
received that appointment in 1819.
has he encouraged the retiring, timid

the luxuriant shoots of genius, careful
youth!
"
how pruned
and
to detect
faithful to disclose to each his errors
The
heart of our brother was a stranger to that jealfeel
About the time of his elevation to the bench he removed from Hudson to Albany, and resided in that city until 1839, when he retired to the village of Lyons, in Wayne county, N. Y., where he died, March 13, 1848, in
the eighty-third year of his age.
ousy which narrow minds

soul exulted in the rising
at a
rival's
success.
His
fame and increasing prosperity of
No man
ical
in the State
of
New York
ever wielded a polit-
his professional brethren.
The honor
of the bar he concontrib-
sidered as the property of the State,
and he who
he has
left to
uted most to swell this
common fund he
power more nearly absolute than that which was possessed by Judge Spencer, from the time he was first made
a
regarded as the
member
his
of the council of appointment, in
1797, until
greatest public benefactor.

after
appointment as
chief-justice.
brilliant,
In his profession
" Careless of the acquisition of weath,
left little
of
it to
his bereaved family.
But he has
them and
he was soUd rather than

"
and his gigantic mind
could grasp and comprehend the most abstruse subjects.
to posterity a legacy
more valuable than
riches,
more dura-
ble than marble."
Upon the bench he had no compeer; and it was but common praise when he was styled, by contemporary lawyers,
'
JACOB RUTSEN VAN RENSSELAER.

General Jacob R. Van
in
the Mansfield of America.'
"
Rensselaer was born in Claverack
1767.
He was
bred a lawyer, practiced his profession in
PETER VAN SCHAACK5

was one of the great men and eminent lawyers of Columbia county. He was born at Kinderhook, in March, 1747, and was educated
while a
rare
at
his native town, and
became one of the most distinguished

even of Columbia county.
members of the
bar,
He
was
several times elected to the Legislature,
and
in
1812 was
King's (now Columbia) College.

of this institution
It
was
speaker of the Assembly.

state of the State of
He
was appointed secretary of

in
member
that he formed those

his
New York
1814, and was a
mem-
and interesting friendships with
fellow-students,
ber of the constitutional convention of 1821.
In the
War
John Jay, Egbert Benson, Gouverneur Morris, Chancellor

Livingston, and others, whose names afterwards became
of 1812 he commanded troops which were drafted in Co-
lumbia county, and were ordered

of
to the defense of the city

political
famous
in
the annals of the country.
New
York.
He
was the intimate personal and
In January, 1769, he was admitted to the bar of the
friend of Elisha Williams and
Judge Van Ness,

ability,
an
these three
Supreme Court, and immediately

office in the city
thereafter opened a law-
being for years the leaders of the Federalist party in Columbia.
of
New
York.
At
the age of twenty-five

colony.
He
was a man of great
excellent
he was appointed
sole
reviser of the laws of the
and ready debater, a prominent
patriot, a
most genial and

life
liberal-minded gentleman, and always during his
en-
His revision embraced the statutes enacted during a period 1691 to 1773. The work was pubof eighty-two years,
joyed great popularity, and stood high in the respect of the

people of the county.
lished in
the latter year, in two large folio volumes.

risen
He
He
died Sept. 22, 1835. at the age
had but just
from the performance of
this labor, con-
of sixty-eight.
templating the stability of existing institutions, when the
AMBROSE SPENCER.
Chief-Justice
turmoils of the Revolution commenced.
He was
member
of the
first
committee of correspondence
chosen in
New
Ambrose Spencer was the son of Philip

entered Yule College in 1779, and remained
York,
in
May, 1774, and of the subsequent committee of

;
Spencer, and was born in the State of Connecticut, Dec.

13, 1765.
one hundred
to
and, as a further peaceful remedy, he forbore
He
drink tea in his family, urging a similar course upon his
there more than two years, but completed his college course
at
friends.
But, upon the initiation of warlike measures, he
Harvard University,
in
1783, before he had reached the

tlie
retired with his family to
age of eighteen years.

the
office
He commenced
study of law
;
in
of John Canfield, at Sharon, Conn.

to Claverack,
but
in
1785
Kinderhook. Although he disapproved of the acts of Great Britain, he did not think them of a character to justify extreme
'-
he came
where he entered the
office
of John
Furnished by H. C. Van Schaaclt, Esq., of Manlius, N. Y.
Bay, Esq., who was then a leading lawyer.
He
was admit-

measures of resistance.
principles,
NEW YORK.
to the rights of citizenship.
to the bar,
Conservative
in
liis
views and
and
sensitive
by nature, he shranic from an encivil war.
same situation, were restored He was soon afler re-admitted
and resumed the
counter with the acerbities and horrors of a
He
this
practice of his profession in his native village.
For about
consequently assumed the position of neutrality, which he

inviolably
twenty-five years he attended the courts and was active in

his
maintained.
His
political
separation, at
profession,
when, by the gradual impairment of the
period, from
many
of his most intimate friends
who
be-
sight of his remaining eye, he
became
totally blind.
He
whom
came prominent
also, in
actors in the Revolution, rendered this the

life.
then gave his principal attention to the instruction of young
most trying period of his

the deaths,
in
Severe domestic
afflictions
gentlemen
in the
study of the law, a large number of

less
quick succession, of three of his
have received more or

hands.
den,
of their legal education at his
children, followed soon after

their pangs to those
by the death of
his wife,
added
;
Among
I.
those students were Cadwallader D. ColC. Spencer,
occasioned by political affairs
and
John Suydam, John
Joseph D. Monell,
physical suffering also was joined, in his person, to the un-
James
Roosevelt, and William Kent.

for classical scholar-
happiness of
exile.
The
sight of one
of
his
eyes had
Mr. Van Schaack was distinguished

ship, for
become
seriously impaired, probably from their too steady

in his
purity and elegance of taste, and for profound
and severe use
revision of the statutes, and he ob-
knowledge of the English common law.

scholar, a lawyer,
The
highest con-
tained Governor Clinton's written permission, in the early

part of 1778, to visit Enghitiil, to have an operation per-
temporaneous authority* pronounced him " the model of a
and a gentleman."
His
classical scholar-
formed on
it,
as soon
as
the state of the country should
ship, in connection
with his profound knowledge of law,
admit of
it.
In ignorance of this permission, the commishis
procured for him from Columbia College, his

the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws.
Afflicted fur the last twenty years of his
Alma Mater,
life
sioners of conspiracies ordered
banishment from the
country, on the ground of his being an influential citizen
with total
observing a neutrality in the public troubles, considered by
blindness, he lived in retirement at his seat in Kinderhook,
them
land,
to be of
dangerous tendency.
Accordingly,
in
October,
fur
devoting
his
time
to classical
and
legal
instruction,
and
1778, Mr.
Van Schaack
took ship at
New York
Engwas
supporting himself under his severe privation, in uuabaied

cheerfulness,
where he remained nearly seven

sister
years.
Henry Cruger,
in 17()8,
upon the resources of a memory enriched
whose
Mr. Van Schaack had married
with ancient and modern literature, and thoroughly familiar with the sublimity of Milton and the blind Maeonidcs.
at this time a
in
member of
Parliament, having been chosen,
He
1774, a co representative with

the English
in
Edmund
Burke, for the
died on the 17th of September, 1832, in the eighty-sixth
city of Bristol, in
House of Commons.
in
Mr.
year of his age.
His
life,
prepared
by
his
son,
Henry
Co., in
it
Van
Schaack, while
England, spent most of his time in

Parliament,
C.
Van Schaack, was
published by D. Applcton
five
&
London, frequently attending the debates
1842, in an octavo volume of

has been favorably criticised
vieio
hundred pages, and
and enjoying
rare opportunities for
becoming acquainted
circum-
in
the North American lie-
with the public characters and
political affairs, a
by Charles Francis 'Adams and Lorenzo Sabine, as
stance which imparted to his subsequent history a peculiar

interest.
riots,
well as by other eminent critics.
He was in London during Lord George Gordon's and through the memorable changes of the ministry.
America
;
JOHN VAN BUREN.

John, the second son of Martin Van Buren, was born
at
He
witnessed the downfall of one set of cabinet ministers

the abrupt secession of an;
for their hostility to
Hudson, February 18, 1810.

lege in the year 1828,
He
graduated at Yale Col-
other; the dissolution of a third
the grand coalition which

itself
and commenced the study of the

legal course
formed the fourth, and which was
soon after dis-
law
in
the ofiice of Benjamin F. Butler, the former law-
missed by royal interposition, making shipwreck of the

political
partner of his father.
His
was completed with

to
reputations of
;
some of the
in
greatest statesmen in
Aaron Vanderpoel,
at
Kinderhook, and he was admitted
the empire
sions to
rise.
and he participated
the interesting discus-
the bar in July, 1831.
Soon
after this time his father
was
which these extraordinary
political revolutions
gave
appointed minister to England, and John accompanied him

as secretary of legation.
Among
him
those political papers was a caustic letter,

to Charles
Upon
his father's rejection
by the
written by
James Fox, exposing
the incon-
Senate, both returned to the United States.

"
sistencies of that minister.

It
.is
From
the date of his return with his father, Mr.

to
Van
for
an interesting
fact that, after
a year's residence in
political
Buren went back

several
his desk
and his law-books, and
England, Mr. Van Scliaack's early
views under-
years pursued the practice of his profession with
went considerable change, and he came to the conclusion, from what he there saw, that the British government was
nut entitled to that credit for honesty of purpose in regard
to
assiduity and success.
"During
professional
this interval
he
visited
England,
not
in
1838, on
his
business.
His
position,
more than
American
In
affairs for
which he had given
il
credit.
to
personal accomplishments, gave
him
at
once the entree into
August, 1785, Mr.
Van Schaack
returned
the
the most exclusive circle in the world.

lican
United States.
On
his arrival in the city of
New York
he
was the
lion
of a whole London winter.
The young repubThe proud

as perfect as
.as
was received with open arms by his countrymen, all classes vying in their attentions irrespective of former differences of
political sentiment.
in
men and ^somcn

their own.
of a proud aristocracy were disarmed in
spite of themselves
by
manner and breeding

at court
By an
act of the
Legislature, passed
His success
was regarded
a sort of
January, 1786, he, with a number of other individuals
of high character and
known
integrity,
who were
in
the

social
NEW
YORK.
93
city gossip of the papers in
phenomenon, and furnished more additions to the London and this country than
importance.
was trying
other with
in the extreme.
Before him were two of the

in
most renowned counselors

the ferocity
the State glaring at each
an
event of state
Democracy, his nursing
of opposing gladiators, ready to

conflict.
mother, might have feared for her child when she saw him
the object of such blandishments and graces, the centre of
tlie
rend each other in brutal
For a long time the
forbearance, dignity, and firmness of the judge restrained
favors and honors of the
first
court in Europe.
But
them, keeping them within the pale of respectful deference

to the place
he was of higher mould than

greater things.
that.
lie was reserved for
they occupied.
But
as
the fourth day of
the
trial
was drawing
to a close, a scene occurred rarely
" Before his return he spent a considerable time in Ireland.
witnessed in a court of justice.
The
vindictive passions of
The generous
hospitalities of a
warm-hearted people
the counsel passed beyond judicial control, and a personal
were lavished on the son of a Democratic President of the United States, and in more than one city he was constrained to decline the honor of a public entertainment.
encounter ensued.
in personalities
Both lawyers had
for
which the judge could not suppress.
some time indulged Re-
tort
followed retort, and denunciation was met by bitter
" Considerations of
obvious propriety connected with
taunts.
his father's public relations to the Democratic party,
and
"
At
length Mr. Jordan, while addressing the court as
subsequently an irreparable domestic

of his wife), kept him
in
aflliction
(the death
until
to the admissibility of certain evidence offered
by Mr. Van
attorney-
comparative
retirement
Buren, indulged
In
in
language the most bitter and insulting.
about 1845."*
In that year he was nominated By the " Barnburners,"
the course of his remarks
he
said,
'
The
general does not care for the condition of these men.
He
and
by a
elected
by the Legislature
to the office
of attorney-
has not contended for right or justice, but to make an exhibition of himself,
general of the State, and in that position was distinguished

skill
to
pander to the miserable ambition

his father.
and
ability
which few, even of his
friends, ex-
which was the curse of

has none to temper
puerility
Though
his father
had
pected to find in him, and which gave him at once a very
brains to temper his wild ambition in

his,
some degree, the son
high position at the bar of

"
New
York.
One
of the most
and
it
breaks out everywhere in
noted prosecutions conducted by
him was
that of
Smith
W.
and
slush.'
Boughton, or
Big Thunder," the anti-rent
chief, in
1845.
"
Van Buren answered
the legal objections raised by

force,
We
copy from the Bench and
Bar
an account of a pertrial,
Jordan with great calmness,
and dignity.
Having
sonal collision
which occurred during that
between
concluded his argument, he said, with contempt curling his

lips,
'
the attorney-general and
Ambrose L. Jordan,
Esq., in the
The
counsel opposed has informed your honor the
court-house at Hudson, as follows:
cause of
my
presence here.
;
I shall not stoop to
deny
his
"The
in
trial
of the anti-renters forms an interesting epoch
coarse a.ssertions
but allow
me
to
add that
it
is
quite out
the legal history of the State of
New York
Their de-
of place for a
man who
stands here in this court with the

criti-
fense before the courts was as determined, skillful, and bold

as their revolt
contributions of murder and arson in his pockets to

cise
had been outrageous and
obstinate.
Every
me
for
any cause whatever.'
point that legal skill and learning could devise was inter-
"
dark, withering frown

;
mounted the menacing

expanded
;
fea-
posed to save them from punishment.
When
defeated in
tures of Jordan
his
nostrils
vivid gleams of
one court they appealed was

"
finally affirmed in
to another, until their conviction
anger flashed from his large, expressive eyes, and in the

twinkling of an eye he planted a heavy blow upon the face
the court of last resort.
The leading
counsel for the defense was
Ambrose L.
of
Van Buren.
It
was returned with the rapidity of

effect;
light-
Jordan, of the Columbia bar, one of the ablest lawyers of

his day.
ning and with staggering
then, grappling with each
His learning and

of the
abilities are
evinced by a long
other, a terrible struggle ensued.
Rage and fury rendered
and
brilliant professional career.
these great lawyers forgetful of their positions as ministers
" Several
leading
anti-renters,
including
'
Big
of justice, deaf to the voice of the judge, to everything but

their desire for vengeance.
assistants rushed into the bar
Thunder,' were brought

terminer,
to trial at
the Columbia oyer and

at
But
Sheriff
Waldo with
his
which held
1845.
its
sittings
Hudson, N.
Y.,
in
and separated the infuriated

to
general of the State, and of course to
John Van Buren was then attorneyhim was committed the duty of assisting James Storm, then district attorney
September,
of Columbia county, in the prosecution of the offenders.
combatants before the contest proceeded

"
any extremity.
As
'soon as order was restored
Judge Edmonds ad-
dressed them with great calmness, dignity, and eloquence.
He
alluded to the high standing of the counsel, not only

;
There was much
in
the circumstances connected with the
before the State but before the nation
to the baleful ex-
case to excite and exasperate counsel, and as the trial pro-
ample they had
set before
;
the world
to
to their desecration
ceeded their acerbity towards each other increased until a

personal collision became imminent.
"
of the temple of justice
the great insult which they

I
had given the

the circuit judges, pre'
court.
'
Should
neglect,'
he continued,
John W. Edmonds, then one of
to
promptly punish you for the great wrong you have done
to
sided.
He
discharged his judicial duties inflexibly and yet
should myself be unworthy

it
occupy the bench.

first
The
courteously.
Perhaps a more independent and pure judge
court regrets that
did not punish your

;
infraction of
than he never sat on the bench of the Supreme Court of

the State.
the rules of decency
but as.that
is
passed,
it will
now, by
inflict
But the
From
the
position he occupied on this occasion
a proper interposition of the strong
arm of the
l.-iw,
such a punishment upon you as
will preserve its dignity,
New York
Atlas of
May U,
IS-IS.
and,
we
trust,
prevent a recurrence of the disgraceful scene

94
HISTORY OF COLUSIBIA COUNTY,

just witnessed.
NEW
YORK.
Van Buren
im-
we have
The court
therefore sentences both
trial will
render the visit to ex-President
of you to solitary confinement in the county jail for twentyfour hours.'

"
possible.'
And
trial
the visit to the old
man
did not take place.
"
The
'
continued several days after the release of the

It finally resulted in the convic-
When
the judge concluded, Mr.
Van Buren
arose
in
and
distinguished prisoners.
tion of
with impressive dignity made an apology, couched

of touching eloquence, concluding as follows
"
'
:
words
Big Thunder' and

to in
several anti-rent leaders, and they

life in
were sentenced
"
imprisonment for
the State-prison.
this pros-
What
could I do, your honor, what could I do under

trial ?
The manner
which Van Buren conducted
the coarse insults I have been subjected to during this

I acknowledge I have violated the
ecution gave him great popularity.
Among other evidences

made
:
decorum of
this court,
to
of popular favor, he was, with the anti-rent leader,

the subject of the following conundrum
"
'
and should be punished.

degrade
But
in
I pray
your honor not
me
by punishment
the
common
jail, for I feel
Why
?'
is
John Van Buren a
greater
man than Dr.
that I cannot endure that.
beg your honor
to so far
Franklin
"
'
modify the sentence of the court

me,
as to inflict a fine
be.
upon
ex-
Because Franklin bottled lightning, but

"
Van Buren
memIn
care not
how
fine
large the
amount may
sufficient,
The
bottled thunder.'
ample of such a
justice
would be
firm
and I am sure
After the close of his term he became a prominent

ber of the legal profession in the city of
would be vindicated.' and inexorable,
New
York.
"
But the judge was

its
the very
'
per-
the presidential canvass of 1848 he greatly distinguished
sonification of justice in
the act of inflicting due punish'
himself as a popular advocate of the principles of the free
ment upon
ministers.
The
its
court,' said the judge,

;
can
Democratic party, and of the exclusion of slavery from the

territories.
see no reason for modifying
sentence
It is
the supremacy of
;
Afterwards he returned
to
the
Democratic
the law must be maintained.

it
no respecter of persons
its
party.
looks only to their acts, and measures out

acts,
punishment
In 1866 he made an extended tour
in
Europe, and died
according to those
the actors. the
jail
without regard to the standing of

will
on the homeward passage.
SheriflF,
you
now conduct
these persons to
of the county, and keep them and each of them in
JOHN
John
city of
C.,
C.
SPENCKR.
solitary confinement for the
term of twenty-four hours, dur-
ing which time this court

"
son of Judge Ambrose Spencer, was born in the

8,
will adjourn.'
Amid
Hudson, Jan.
1788.
the profound, almost stifling silence, the sheriff
He
Union
entered Williams ColCollege, Schenectady,
obeyed, and in his custody two of the most eminent lawyers

iif
lege in 1803, but graduated at

in
the State of
New York
1806.
He
studied law in Albany, and was admitted to
passed out of the court-house,
the bar in May, 1809.
and were soon incarcerated within the walls of Columbia county jail.
" Before the
Althougli a native
of,
he was never long a resident
in,
Columbia county.
State,
opening of the court on the morning of the
In February, 1815, he was appointed
altercation described,
Judge Edmonds had received an

to be his
district attorney for the five

in-
extreme western counties of the

about three years.
In 1816
vitation to spend an evening with ex-President

at
Van Buren
in the visit,
and held that

to
office for
Lindenwald.
John was
he was elected
Congress
for the Twenty-first district,
companion
but As-
declined a re-election.
but before the appointed time arrived he was committed to

jail.
,
In 1820 he was chosen

its
to the
sembly, and elected speaker upon
organization.
After-
which Van Buren and Jordan had been imprisoned having expired, they entered the court-room
"
The term
wards he served several terms
in the
Assembly.
He
was
for
elected senator in 1824, taking his seat in 1825.
In April,
with a nonchalance that was really amusing, and the
1827, he was appointed, with B. F. Butler and John Duer,

to revise the statutes
trial
was resumed.
cess took place,
An
hour or two elapsed, when a short reduring which Van Buren approached the
it,
of the
State.
In February, 1839, he was appointed secretary of state

of
bench, laid his arm carelessly but easily upon

peculiar manner, remarked,
"
'
New
York, and
in
1840 a regent of the

in
university.
In
and, in his
1841 (October) he was appointed secretary of war under

President Tyler, and
hope your honor slept well
March, 1843, secretary of the

he resigned
last night.'
"
'
As
I
there was nothing to disturb
my
treasury,
which
latter office
May
1,
1844, in
slumbers, I most
consequence of his disagreeing with the President on the

question of the annexation of Texas;
certainly did,'
was the
reply.
science,
it might be possible that your conyour sympathy, or the thouL'hts of our unenviable position, might disturb your slumbers,' said Van Buren,
'
"
thought perhaps
AMBROSE
On
in depositing in the
L.
JORDAN.'
with
a characteristic
is
smile.
;
'
But,'
he continued,
at least,
is
'
the
the 19th day of July, 1865, I united, with others,
law
I
is
now
vindicated
my
offense,
atoned.
suppose, judge, our arrangement to visit the old

still
man
for
mortal remains of
life
in force.
He
will be
delighted to see
me under
on the
tomb in the cemetery of Hudson the Ambrose L. Jordan. He departed this 16th dayof July, at his residence in New York,
in that city.
the
circumstances,
and, judge, I
think
his
respect
and appropriate funeral services had been held on the 18th

at the at the
you, on the whole, will not be diminished on account of the lodgings you assigned me last night. I know him of
old.'
Church of the Transfiguration
He
died
mature age of seventy-six years, having been born
"
'
think,
Mr. Van Buren, the time we have
lost in this
'
From
the pen of
Hon. Henry Hogeboom.

in Hillsdale, in the
95
county of Columbia, on the 5th day of
just named, with others of equal or nearly equal eminence,
May, 17S9.
and long a resident of our county, 33 he reached high distinction in his profession, and as he was one of the remaining links between the present and a
a native
were splendid luminaries of the
legal profession.
As he was
But
the period
which immediately followed, under the
constitution of 1321, was one of no small consideration in
the annals of the profession in Columbia county.
Most of
past generation,
it
seems not unbecoming that here
in
the
the names just referred to had disappeared from the public

view.
county of his
birtii
some
slight record should be preserved
The judges
constitution.
lost
their office by the pass.ige of the
of the principal incidents of his career.
new
fair,
Spencer renewed the practice of his

the
Mr. Jordan,
a
it
is
believed, received a
though not
profession,
but
scarcely sustained
fame
which
had
to
tlie
collegiate, education,
and improved
in
in
the best manner

his
is
marked
his judicial career.

in
Kent was soon appointed

to
will
the advantages which were thrown

early age of twenty-three (in
w;iy.
At
in
the
the
be professor of law
Columbia College, and gave
1812) he
found
world those inestimable Commentaries which
forever
practice of his profession at Cooperstown, in the county of
honorably
law.
a.ssociate his
name with
the history of American
Otsego, where his abilities were not unappreciated, for dur-
ing his brief residence of seven

county, in addition
to
or eight years in that
Thompson, having previously been appointed secretary

of the navy, was transferred
to the
leading practice at the bar, he
bench of the Supreme
AMBROSE
filled
L.
JOltDAN.
the responsible offices of surrogate
and
district at-
Court of the United

great abilities.
\'an
St;ites,
which he long adorned bv his

a victim to an
in.-iidinus dis-
torney.
Nes.s
fell
About the year 1820 he was

of Columbia, and
it is
recalled to his native county

his
ease,
and
a
in
1S2.'1, at
the early age of forty-eight years,
no
.small <-oiiiplinient to
growing
closed
professional
and judicial career of uncommon

w;is
reputation that, as
common fame
the
full
affirms,
he was invited
brilliancy.
Grosvenor
also
dead.
O.ikley
was soon
in
here by his friends to be the rival and antagonist of Elisha
appointed to the bench of the Superior Court

of
the city
e.^teiit,
Williams, then
in
maturity of his great powers
New
York.
Van
I3uren had already, to a great

his
and
at the very zenith of his fame.

in
withdrawn from the practice of

this
profession,
which he
Perhaps the Augustan age of the law
county
never again resumed to
ny marked degree, having entered
had already passed, an age

tution,
in
which, under the old consti-
the Senate of the United States in 1821. where he remained

for
Spencer and Kent and Thompson and Van Ness
many
yeara.
Of
those just referred to by name, Wil-
presided at the circuits, and Williams and
Van Buron and

Those were
liams alone remained on the theatre of his former labors to
Oakley and Grosvenor flourished

grand old times
;
at the bar.
claim or dispute pre-eminence with old or
and although, doubtless, distance lends a
new competitors. But Columbia county was not undistinguished in the

in
somewhat
view,
it
factitious
magnitude and enchantment
to
the
next decade
the walks of the legal
profession.
There
and the
cannot be questioned that the judges and lawyers
were
(.not
to
name
others) Williams and Jordan
96
NEW
YORK.
Vanderpoels (James and Aaron), Monell, Tallmadge, Bushnell, Killian Miller,
with paralysis, and this calamity necessitated his withdrawal
and Robert H. Morris.
Of
these,
it is
from active pursuits.
Since
that
time he lived for the
no disparagement
to the others
to say that in
the forensic
lead.
most part
life,
in the privacy, serenity,
and happiness of domestic
department of the law Williams and Jordan took the
and has
at last yielded to that
summons which
him
to
all
must
They were
plished
both, though
widely different, highly accom-
ultimately obey.
advocates.
Williams
was probably
the
;
greater
His
talents
and
his virtues entitle

I
a more ex-
genius, Jordan the
more accomplished scholar
Williams
|
tended and formal notice, but

tribute
have thouijht this brief

to his friends
was
rapid, ready,
and impetuous, Jordan was more cau;
would not be altogether unacceptable

well.
tious, deliberate,
and reflecting
Williams would rush into

.
from one who knew him
the forensic battle relying upon the resources of his genius,
Jordan would give

tion.
nes.s
to
every cause the most careful prepara-
AMBROSE
[ |
L.
JORDAN.-'
The
latter
was not so
much
distinguished for quick-
The death of one

is
so distinguished as
calls
Ambrose
L.
Jordan
of perception in the rapid change of tactics, yet no
an event which emphatically
forth from those

life
who
living speaker
had a
finer
vocabulary at his command, was

better
have been associated with him
in professional
tokens
keener
in
at repartee, or
knew
how
to
put the right word

fine person,
of respect and manifestations of personal regard.
the right place.
Jordan was a man of
of
The name of Mr. Jordan

the part he took in the
trial
is
associated with
I well
my
earliest
dignified and
commanding
presence, and easy and graceful
recollections of the bar of this county.
remember
elocution, of impressive manner, of musical voice, and of
of Taylor, for murder, and in
great fluency of speech.
Though
not indifferent to political
the
ca.se
of Poucher
vs.
Livingston, two of the most cele-
advancement, he wisely confined himself for the most part

to the appropriate duties of his profession, where,
in
brated cases in the annals of the law in this county.
more than
;
any other sphere, he was adapted
to
shine
he was,
While manding
was a student, Mr. Jordan occupied a most com-
position at the bar.
He
was engaged
in
most of
trial
nevertheless, in several instances the recipient of political
the cases which were tried, and he brought to the

ability, eloquence,
and
official
honors,
those
already alluded
to,
he
having
and wit which made him a most formid-
been surrogate and

resident therein.
district attorney of
Otsego county while
able antagonist
and a most successful advocate.
The
trial
In 1821, soon after his removal to
Hudhe
of a cause in those days was an intellectual contest, a gladiatorial
son, he was appointed recorder of that city,
which
office
combat of mind against mind, which

all
elicited all the
held for .several years.
In 1824 he was elected to the

to
powers and capacities of the man, and

genius of the advocate.
the learning and
Assembly.
In 1825, for a period of four years,
the Sen-
Those may perhaps be character-
ate of this State,
which
office, after
three years' service, he
ized as the brilliant days of the profession,
when eloquence,
rules
resigned.
In 1346, though then a resident of the city of

to the constitutional in
learning,
restraints
and debate were permitted
free .scope, without the
New
the
York, he was elected
convention
Wiis
which increasing business and modern
have
from the county of Columbia, and

first
1847 he
attorney-general of the State under the
made new con-
imposed.
In those days the courts were the great forum for the
exhibition of clashing intellects striving for the mastery.
stitution.
But, as I have said, his tastes as well as his mental en-
When
it
Williams and Jordan, and their compeers, Miller,
dowments
inclined
him
to the practice of his
profession.
Monell, Bushnell, Edmonds, and others, entered the arena,
He
continued to reside in Hudson until the year 1838, and

in
was a struggle of giants. Mr. Jordan was distinguished

for his manly beauty. commanding form, an expressive face, and which, in moments of excitement, flashed like the erect,
was largely
demand
in
as counsel in the neighboring circuits.
Williams had died
1833
but, in addition to those of his
With an
an
e3'e
own
county, Jordan found able antagonists in various por-
tions of the State, prominent
Stevens, Marcus T.
among them being Samuel Reynolds, Henry G. Wheaton, Henry
eagle's, his
appearance never failed
to attract
I
attention
and
to create a
most favorable impression.

prime of
his
life,
have often thought
R. Storrs, id Samuel Sherwood.

In 1834 he removed to the city of
for a period of
that, in the
he was the perfection of phys-
New
York, and there

in
ical
and
intellectual
manhood.
was of the
liighest order of forensic
twenty
yeai-s
he was laboriously engaged
His
style of oratory
the practice of his profession, taking high

especially in the
rank therein,
distin-
elo((uence, his voice as soft and musical as the tones of the

flute, his
department of advocacv, among the
manner
dignified and
commanding,
his elocution
guished lawyers of the metropolis.

serve his clients with devoted zeal
fidelity
;
He
never failed to
most fluent and graceful, and
his diction in the highest de-
and uiiconipromI.<ing
like
gree terse, vigorous, and elegant.
and
if
in
the heat of forensic contest he,
Although
was
cool
and deliberate
in
the
trial
of causes, he
in
others of his profession, sometimes indulged in a vein oC

ridicule, of sarcasm, or of severe
((uick at repartee
and keen and unsparing
invective.
denunciation, fur which
He was
ities
the possessor of rare wit and a bitter sarcasm, qualin
he was well qualified by the copiousnes.s and force of his

vocabulary, no one
which were often displayed
his addresses to juries
who knew him

manly
will
ever deny to him
as Well as in the cross-examination of witnes.scs.
Unfortu-
the po,sses.sion of an honest,
heart, or believed
him
to
nate indeed was he
who became
the subject of his scathing
be insensible to the instincts of generosity and
fiieiid.ship.
rebuke.
No
speaker had
greater
power of scornful ex-
But the burden of

where
I
his professional
cares
was
ultiinately
pression than he possessed.
too weighty for even his vigorous constitution, and
think about the year 1S59
he was
somedown
,
'.
on after
.Mr. .lorda
stricken
Wriiteu hy Hun. Thco.lo

His cases Mr. Jordan was a man of p;reat industry. The were always prepared with-the utmost thoroughness.
larse
his
as
NEW YORK.
No means
97
Legislature.
which could blight the character
or
amount of business which claimed

one of incessant labor.
his attention
made
life,
wound the feelings of an honorable and conscientious man were deemed unwarrantable or left untried by his
political
life
Gifted as he was, self-reliant
adversaries
to
defeat
his election.
Passion and
he was, yet he never, until near the close of his
party prejudice transcended the bounds of moral rectitude,
relaxed his habits of study and labor.
Mr. Jordan removed from
this city to the city of

to the bar.
New
a
and the contest was severe but fruitless he was returned a member of the Legislative Assembly of the State. The
;
York about
the time
to
was admitted
There
ability
and integrity with which he discharged the duties
larger field opened
him, and compensation more comabilities
of a
mensurate with his great
rewarded his
efforts.
during the session of the succeeding winter, eminently entitled him to the love and confidence of his
legislator,
No
rights.
lawyer could be more devoted and faithful
to
his
constituents.
He was
accordingly re-elected in 1810, and

this period
clients, or
more earnest and
effective in his
advocacy of their
again in 1811.
office
During part of
he executed the
of 1812
of district attorney, having received a commission for

In the
fall
In private
life
Mr. Jordan enjoyed the esteem of

a
all
who
his
that purpose in the spring of 1810.
knew him.
dealings.
He was
man
of generous sentiments, he had

all
he was elected
a representative to the Thirteenth
Congress
a higii sense of honor, and was just and upright in
of the United States, and at the same time to supply a
He occupied
distinction,
during portions of
it
liis life
places of political
vacancy in the Twelfth Congress, occasioned by the resigAfter his nation of Colonel Robert Le Roy Livingston.
re-election
to the
and
may be
said that he enjoyed a full share
Fourteenth Congress,
in
the spring of
of public honors, yet he never sought position or honors

save those which belonged to his profession.
1814, he chiefly resided in the city of Baltimore.

at Belmont, near Baltimore,
He
died
in
His heart
on the 22d of April, 1817,
was
in
the profession to which he devoted himself

learning,
its
He
the thirty-seventh year of his age.
loved
its
principles, its contests,
and
its
victories
We
extract from an obituary notice of Mr. Grosvenor,
with the enthusiasm of the true lawyer.
published in the Alexandria, Va., Gazette, soon after his
The name
of
Ambrose L. Jordan
will
occupy
a place
not
death, as follows
only with those
who have
conferred
distinction on this
" His eloquence
may
be said to have amongst us constiis
county, but with the most distinguished and honored
men
tuted a species.
What
true of
him would not be
true of
of the State.
any other
full
orator,
at least on
this side
of the Atlantic;
He
has gone to his last rest
of years and crowned with
nor do we
know of one by
Its kind
;
a comparison with
whom
an
the triumphs of a brilliant career.
He
left
the field of his
adequate conception of Grosvenor's eloquence would be

conveyed.
labors with a character unblemished, and with a professional
was the same
as that of the illustrious
renown which
will
make
his bright
example an encourage-
Charles James
consisted.
ment
to those
who
are traveling the
same rugged path of
Fox in degree alone its essential difference The same ardent feeling, earnestness, and aniif
professional labor.
mation
p.
the same overflowing fullness of conception and
tumult of thoughts, which seemed as
they would burst
THOMAS
GROSVENOR.
in
the bosom that contained them in their struggles for prethe town
Mr. Grosvenor was born December, 1780,

of Pomfret, in the State of Connecticut.
cedence
the same
apparent artlessness of arrangement,

tint
He
spent about
which diffused the glowing

and
of nature through
to
it
the
two years
lege,
at
Williams College, and then entered Yale Colreceived
complexion of every speech, and imparted
a beauty
;
at
the age of sixteen, and
the
honors of
finished
that institution in the
summer
of 1800.
Having
his collegiate course with distinguished reputation, he im-
the effect beyond the skill of wrought-up rhetoricians same disdain of factitious, vulgar logic, and useless, gaudy drapery; the same constant intermixture of matter of fact
mediately commenced the study of
J:he law,
under the
in-
struction of his brother-in-law, Elisha Williams, of Hudson,
and
in
1803 was admitted an attorney of the Supreme
and plain common sense with the most acute, refined, subtle reasoning, which distinguished Mr. Fox from all other orators, constituted the pre-eminent characteristics of Mr.
Grosvenor's eloquence, and gave
it
Court of the State of
New
York.
Before his death he had

of the courts of law
States.
that singular, felicitous
successively become an active
member
advantage so .seldom possessed by that which amongst us

courtesy
calls
and equity of
after his
this State
and of the United
Soon
in
eloquence, namely, the stamp of sincerity
admission as an attorney he opened an
office
and
feeling.
the village of Catskill, and entered upon the duties of his

profession.
" It is
certain
that no
man
of discernment could have
Naturally
possessing a clear head,
warm
seen
nor,
much
when
of the great
Briti.sh orator
and of Mr. Grosve-
heart,
and a giant
Early
intellect,
a few efforts at the bar ac-
figuring in their respective senates, without prolatter
quired for him the character of an able and successful

advocate.
Catskill to
in the
nouncing the
world.
. . .
to
be the Charles Fox of the new

told that a very able
summer
of 1807 he removed from

field for
We
have been
and acute
Hudson.
Here, having a wide
the dis-
speaker,* the representative in Congress from one of the
play of his legal acquirements and forensic talents, his professional avocations were followed with
new
States,
who had experienced
the effect of these powers,
brighter and more

usefulness.
once said, that for readiness and strength on any and every
topic that arose in debate, or, as he cuiphalically called
it,
alluring
prospects
of
distinction
and
The
electors of the county of
Columbia,
in April,
ISOU, nomiin
nated
him
13
:is
one of their representatives
the k'tate
* Mr. (irunil)-, uf Tt-niicsscc.

'
NEW
YORK.
in
rough and tumble'
in
argument, Groavenor had not an
He
was elected member of Assembly
1825, and wjis
equal in Congress."
again elected to the same office in 182'J, and in both these

sessions he took a prominent part in the debates.
He was
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BUTLER,

the son of Colonel
(the part which
elected to Congress in 1832, 1834, and 1838, remaining in
studied
to
Medad Butler, was born in Kinderhook now Stujvesant), Dec. 15, 1795. He law with Martin Van Buren, and on being admitted
is
that
body
until
March, 1841.
United States Bank
The
bill
stringent measures growing out of the veto of the

all
to re-charter the
originated soon
the bar, in
1817, became his partner.
He
was ap-
after his first election,
and agitated, during his whole term

time he was a firm supporter of
pointed district attorney of Albany county in 1821, and

held the
office
of service, not only the national Congress but the whole

country.
four or five .years.
In 1S25 he was ap-
During
all
this
pointed one of the commissioners to revise the statutes of
the administration, having the full confidence of Presidents
New
bly.
York, and
in
1828 was a member of the State Assem-
Jackson and Van Buren, of both of

personal as well as political friend.
whom
The
he was a warm
files
was attorney-general of the United States under General Jackson in 1831-34, and acting secretary of war from October, 183G, to March, 1837, and from 1838 to
He
of the con-
gressional debates and records of the proceedings
show that
he brought
the
his
to the discharge of his duties
during that period
1841 he was United States

ern district of
district attorney for the south-
same energy, industry, and

life.
ability
which characterized
1841, he
New
York.
He
was
district attorney
of the
United States
for the
southern district of
New
York, by
office
After his retirement from
Congress, in
re-
appointment of President Polk (after declining the

September, 1848, when he was removed.
returned to the practice of the law in
of
till
moved
to the city of
New
York, where he resumed his

less
secretary of war, tendered by him), from March, 1845,
profession,
and
in
1843, after a residence of
than two
He
afterwards
city,
years, he was appointed one of the judges of the superior
New York
and
court of that city, and served in that capacity seven years,
was principal professor of law

of
in
the University of the City
ending on the 1st of January, 1850.
He
was a man of
New
York, of which he had been one of the founders.

life
;
the most distinguished talents and tireless industry.
,'During the greater part of his
he was an
influential
-member of the Democratic party

the Kansas-Nebraska
bill
but on the passage of
JOHN
was born
Ghent),
in
P.
VAN NESS
now
the town of
abolishing the Missouri compro-
in Claverack district (the part
mise he joined the Republicans, and voted for Fremont

in 1856.
1770.
He was
educated at Columbia College,

in
and studied law with Brockholst Livingston,
New York
ill
JAMES VANDERPOEL.
Judge James Vanderpoel, son of
born
in
city.
He commenced
the practice of law in his native

it
county, but did not long continue in

Isaac Vanderpoel, was
health.
on account of
Kinderhook, Jan. 10, 1787.
He
was educated
In 1801 he was elected to Congress from the Columbia
principally at Kingston, Ulster Co., and studied law with
and Rensselaer
removal
district,
and
this led
to
his marriage,
in
liis
Francis Silvester, in
torneys in Kingston.
Kinderhook, and afterwards with
at-
1802, with a very wealthy lady of Washington, and
He commenced
the practice of his profession in 1808, at
He became to that city as a place of residence. mayor of Washington, president of the Bank of the Metropolis,
Kinderhook, where he remained until 1832.

elected to terms in the
He
1812.
was
and major-general of the militia of the
District of
influ-
Assembly
in
1810, 1816, and 1820,

in
Columbia.
ential
He was
in
one of the most prominent and
and was appointed surrogate of Columbia

1825, and circuit judge of the third
He
in
men
the capital city, and died there in March,
was appointed judge of the common pleas of Columbia

circuit,
184G.
by (governor
Throop, in 1831.
In the following year he
removed
as a
WILLIA.M
to
P.
VAN
NE.SS
;
Albany, where he acquired a high reputation
lawyer
district
and a judge.
As
circuit
judge of the third judicial
of this State, he was distinguished for learning, ability, and
now the town of Ghent, about 1777 was educated at Columbia College, studied law with Edward Livingston, in New York, and commenced the practice of
was born
in
what
is
promptitude, for rapid and clear-sighted views of the law
his profession there about ISOO.
He
was appointed judge
and the
facts, as
he was also
all
in his intercourse
with his
fel-
of the United States district court for the southern district

of
low-citizens
for
manly and honorable
i|ualitie.s.
He
New
York, by President Madison.

" Aristides,"
He was
bitter
Colonel
died Oct. 3, 1843, universally esteemed and regretted.
Burr's second in the Hamilton duel, and was author of a
pamphlet signed
most
attack upon
AARON VANDERPOEL
was born
in
political
opponents,
but
which evinced such remarkable

.says it
the town of Kinderhook, on the 5th day of
powers of mind that

in style since the
Hammond
1820.
had not been equaled
February, 1799.
His education was acquired at the comwas supplemented by
days of ''Junius."
6,
He
died suddenly in
mon
school and at the academies of Kinderhook, and Lenox,
New
York, Sept.
Mass.,
which
instruction
classical
training under his brother James, and Peter
Van Schaack,
Governor
CORNELIUS
C. P.
P.
VAN
NE.-^S.
Esq.
He
studied law in the
office
of his brother, and im(
mediately after his admission to the bar

in professional
May, 1820) joined
Van Ness was born At the derhook, January 26, 17.S2.
in
the town of Kin-
age of eighteen he
\'ari Ncs.s,
partnership with him.
entered the law-office of his brother, William P.

in
NEW
YORK.
march
May.
to
99
New
York.
He
was admitted
to the bar in
to
1804, and
Brown, and soon
after of the
Point Isabel, and
in the spring of
in
1806 he emigrated
Vermont, and located

to dis-
the battles of the 8th and 9th of

applied for his commission
;
Worth immediately
the town of St. Albans, but in 1809 he removed
it
was grinted, and he hurried
BurlingloD.
trict
In 1809 he was appointed United States
on
to
Texas.
He was
received by General Taylor with
attorney for the district of Vermont, and was
made
open arms, and conducted the negotiations attending the

capitulation of Matamoras.
collector of
customs for the
district
in
1813.
In 1816
President Madison made him commissioner on the part of

the United States to settle the northeastern boundary.
"
But another and
nobler field was
now
offered to
him
at
In
in
Monterey.
General Taylor, with the generosity of a true
1818 he was elected 1821 was appointed
to the
Assembly of the
State,
and
soldier, intrusted
him with the
attack
chief-justice of the
for
Supreme Court of
palace,
an almost impregnable
fortress,
upon the Bishop's commanding a steep

to
Vermont, which he held
two years, and was then elected

office
and rocky height, and the key of the road

perate undertaking, and none
the interior.
governor of the State, to which
he was twice re-elected.
This was considered by the whole army as an almost desgeneral march from the
to see half of
In 1826 he declined re-election and returned to his profession,
which he pursued
it
for three years,
and
in
1829 tem-
who saw camp towards

Worth
the division of the the palace expected
porarily suspended
to accept the office
of minister pleni-
them
return.
potentiary and envoy extraordinary to the court of Spain,
"
it
The
peculiar situation of
favored this belief, as
which had been tendered him by President Jackson.

ernor
Gov-
was supposed
that, in order to atone for his lost oppor-
Van Ness was
a brother of
John
P. and William P.,
tunities
and stop the voice of calumny, he would rush headacted differently.
and a cousin of the gifted Judge

county of his nativity.
W. W. Van
Ness; and
to the
long into danger, and recover his reputation at every hazard.
his career certainly did credit to his family
name and
Worth
He
felt
his duty to the soldiers,

to
and allowed no personal feeling
hinder
its
execution.
Where
the Americans expected the heaviest

failure,
loss,
and per-
WILLIAM
J.
WORTH.
in a
haps
total
they were scarcely injured.

in
During the
whole time the troops labored

General William J. Worth was born in 1794,
range of the enemy's guns,
house
street,
crossing ravines, climbing rocks and ledges, wading through
which
is still
standing, on the south side of

in
Union
water and
carrying
all
their
cannon up precipitous
cheer his
cliffs.
between Second and Third,

this city, for a considerable
the city of Hudson.
In
Worth was
post,
the time on horseback, riding from post to

effort to
is
time during his youth, he was
and using every
men
in their labori-
a clerk in one of the stores.
ous duties.
in
His conduct
mentioned by the commander
Upon
the breaking out of the last war with England

first
terms of the warmest approbation.

"
young Worth was one of the

pointed
first
to apply for a military
Worth was one of
the commissioners at the negotiations

efficient service
commission, and on the 19th of March, 1813, he was aplieutenant in the Twenty-third Infantry.
for the capitulation,
and performed
during
In
the evacuation of the city.

to Saltillo,
He
was subsequently detached
the battle of Chippewa he acted as aid-de-camp to General

Scott,
where he remained
for the
until January, at
to join
which time
and was commissioned captain, Aug. 19, 1814.

in the battle of
For
the
he marched
"
Gulf coast
General Scott.
the
first officer
good conduct
Niagara he received the com-
At Vera
Cruz, General
Worth was
that
mendation of his superior

rank of major.
officers,
and was advanced
to
formed his troops

in
in line after their landing.

;
His services
At
the close of the war he was placed in
the siege were valuable
and he was the head of the

the city.
superintendence of the military academy at
West
Point.
American deputation
to arrange the terras of capitulation.

left
He
was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, July 25, 1824; ap1832, and colonel of the
When
the Mexicans had
Worth was appointed

His prompt
pointed major of ordnance in
governor, and occupied
it
with his brigade.
Eighth Infantry, July
7,
1838.
and exact measures soon resuscitated the trade and com-
In the Florida war he performed excellent service.
He
merce of the
"
city,
it.
and repressed the disorders which had
was brevetted brigadier-general, March

year, completely defeating a large
1,
1842.
He
fought
long disgraced
the battle of Palaklaklaha on the 19th of April in that
On
the same day that the battle of Cerro
Gordo was
body of
Seininoles,
and
fought,
Worth took
unresisted possession of the town and
capturing their chiefs.
fortress of Perote, in
which were found immense stores of

This
is
In the Mexican war General Worth was with Taylor's
ammunition, cannon, mortars, and small arms.

of the strongest castles in Mexico.
one
for
column, and his second

part of the corps to the
command, leading the main Rio Grande, while Taylor moved

in
Here he remained
called
some time, principally engaged

his army. his retirement
in
perfecting the discipline of
towards Point Isabel.
Soon
after he
was superseded
in the
The movements of Santa Anna

;
him from
command
mission.
of his division by General Twiggs, who, arriving
and, after the battle of Cerro Gordo, he was
on the ground, claimed the command by priority of com-
very active in cutting off supplies from the Mexican camp.
Upon
left,
this
General Worth, considering himself
Early
in
May
he advanced toward Puebla, and on the 14th
aggrieved,
the army, proceeded to
Washington, and
place, he
he was met by Santa Anna, with a detachment of about

three thousand men, most of
tendered his resignation, but at the same time expressed

the hope hat
if actual
them
cavalry.
skirmish en-
war should take
might be
sued, several Mexicans were unhorsed, and the whole force
permitted to resume his place in the army.

"
returned to the city.

the seat of war
While
at
Washington the
a.spect
at
"The
next morning, before daylight, Santa
Anna
left for
changed.
News
arrived of the danger of Taylor at Fort
the interior, and at ten o'clock the
Americans obtained
100

In
NEW
YORK.
to
quiet possession of the city, wnicli contained a population of
1769, Mr.
Van Schaack removed from Albany
80,000."*
Kinderhook
village.
He was
soon after appointed a justice
The
terey
is
services of General
Worth
in
Mexico were
fully
of the peace, and one of the quorum, upon the recommendation of his friend. Sir William Johnson.
appreciated by the government, and his storming of
Mon-
He
was also
regarded as one of the most brilliant exploits of that
chosen supervisor of his native town at this period, and was

continued
held the
in
war.
that office
by annual
re-election,
and he
also
Having safely passed through the dangers and hardships of the Mexican struggle. General Worth was stricken by
cholera, at
office
of magistrate until the administration of the
laws was interrupted by the Revolution.
He was
1
mem;
San Antonio de Bexar,
in
Texas, and died there

in
ber of the Albany county committee of safety in

he, together with
774
and
May New
17, 1849.
His remains are interred

the
roll
the city of
is
Robert Yates and Peter Silvester, were

to
York.
Upon
of fame his
name
clearly
by that body nominated delegates

tinental Congress,
the memorable Con-
written as one of the most brilliant soldiers
and heroes of
which met
in
Philadelphia in September
to
the Mexican war.
of that year.
The committee afterwards determined
send
HENRY VAX SCIIAACKf

died at his seat, on the
only one delegate, and General Schuyler was selected, but

failing to attend, the
New York
city delegates
in
were
finally
Hudson
river, in
the original town of
empowered
gress.
to represent
Albany county
that great Conto take
Kinderhook (now Stuveysant), on the 18th day of July, He was a native of 1823, in the ninety-first year of his age.
Soon
after this,
Mr. Van Schaack ceased
part in Revolutionary measures, having
come
to the con-
Kinderhook
village,
having
been born at that place in 1733.
clusion (as he quaintly expressed himself in a letter to a

relative)
which cover nine decades of a century, For about forty years ho was were not without interest. in public employ or ofiScial station under the crown and
The
events of his
life,
that " people
had got
to that pass that they did
not consider the qualifications of a king, for that they would
have no king."
province of
New York
before the Revolution, and in the
At the
in
close of the
war Mr. Van Schaack became a
citi-
He was eoinmonwealth of Massachusetts after that event. on terms of intimacy with Sir William Johnson, and corresponded with him on colonial
aflFairs.
zen of Ma,ssachusetts, and fixed his residence at Pittsfield,
Berkshire county, where he erected a very substantial

tasty house, in an interesting position near that village,
to agricultural pursuits.
He
served under
and
Sir William, then Major-General, Johnson, in the expedition against
and devoted himself

after called
He was soon
Crown Point in 1755, being at that time lieutenant of a company of which Philip, afterwards the famous Gencml, Schuyler, was captjin. The accounts published at
the time of one of the engagements between the English and
from a purposed retirement, becoming a decided

in
"
Government-man"
to his
Shay's rebellion.
This doubtless
led
being chosen, in 1786, a
lature of Massachusetts,
known
as "
member of the LegisThe General Court."

,.
French troops near Lake George,

self in that action.
in
September, 1755, speak
He
took an early and decided stand in support of the
of Lieutenant. Van Schaack as having "distinguished him'
Federal constitution, employing his pen, and addressing his

fellow-citizens, in favor of its adoption.
He was
then twent3'-two years old.
For fourteen years
-^
He
a
served in the campaign against Niagara, and was then
he was a magistrate
in
Massachusetts by successive appoint-
niiijor.
He was
at
one time paymaster
to
the "
New York
Commis-
ments, made by Governors
John Hancock and Caleb Strong.
Regiment," and afterwards held a special commission from

the governor of the province as " Paymaster and
sary of the Musters," and was obliged, in the performance of
At an
of the
early day he
became a member of the Massachusetts
Society for Promoting Agriculture, and he was a

first
member
board of trustees of Williams College, which

he occupied for about twenty years.
the duties of the latter
office, to visit
the niilitary posts on
latter position
the frontiers, where the troops were stationed.

It
The good
Mr.
the
sense, strength of mind, intelligence, high in-
was
in this old
French war,
afterwards
as
it
Wiis called, that
tegrity, courage,
and decision of character, for

fitted
;
all
of which
Van Schaack formed an

then
captain,
interesting acquaintance with
he was distinguished, admirably

positions
in
him
for the various
and
brigadier-general,
in
Richard
with him
which he was placed
while his urbane and

at
Montgomery.
On
his
way
to
Canada,
1775, Montgomery
left
jovial disposition,
all
and extensive information, gave him,

in
visited his early friend at
Kinderhook, and
times, a
welcome place
the social circle.

;
His asso-
some tokens of remenibrance.

Mr.
ciates,
Van Schaack
w;is
postmaster at .\lbany from 1757
to 1771, a period of fourteen years.
During the greater

the
and his own from an early day, were men of mark commanding good qualities are abundantly evidenced by the large number of eminent men who were visitors at his
house during his twenty-four years' residence
In Pittsfield,
part of this time he was engaged in the Indian and fur

trade,
extending
to Detroit
his
operations,
upon
conquest
of
embracing
in
in
the
list
many of
the most eminent characters
Canada,
and .Mackinaw, which then remote places

at that early day.
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and

those
New
York.
Prominent
were Fisher
he repeatedly visited
When
at Detroit,
among
names (not
to designate others)
on one occasion, he redeemed a white boy from captivity
Ames and Alexander
Hamilton.
Chief-Justice
John Jay
among
the Indians by giving a silver tankard for him.

to
The
and Judge Busluod Washington, of the Supreme Court of

the United Stales, used to
call
boy grew up
of Tankard.
manhood, was established* in business by

life
on the Pittsfield farmer,
when
Mr. Van Schaack, and was known through
by the name
on their way
to
Vermont
to
perform their judicial duties.
Distinguished foreigners were also
among
as
''
those
visitors,
E\lriictc.l from the "
\ Furnished by
II.
C.
Rough ami Rcaily Annual." Van Schaack, Esq., of Manlius, New Yurk.
including the
ambassadors fiom
originally
Holland and
England.
'
Lebanon Springs,
known
The
Pool,
was

then rapidly becoming the Bath of America
its
;
NEW YORK.
in
101
and many of
at Pittsfield
'
bus'
some time
June, having obtained the

'
command
the 3d of
of
frequenters found their

for its hospitality.
way
to the
mansion
the
United States schooner

sailed
Alligator.'
On
Au-
famed
gust, 1822, he
Pittsfield to
from
New York
on a cruise against
In 1808, Mr.
Van Schaack removed from
the pirates, and he plucked a wreath of glory, but the shaft
Kinderhook Landing, where he passed the residue of his

life in
of death was in
perilous service,
it.
He
to the
cheerfully engaged in this last
comparative retirement.
friends, however, followed
Some of his old surviving him to his new abode among

;
which would have appalled any ordinary
mind.
It called
him
West
Indies, the charnel-house
whom
were Judge Oliver Wendell, of Boston, grandfather
of foreigners, whose seaports in the
summer months
are the
of the poet 0. TV. Holmes, and his particular friend, Judge
hot-beds of pestilence, disease, and death, and whose climate
Egbert Benson, of
field," recently
New
York.
In the " History of Pittsis
had already consigned

companions.
to
the
tomb many valuable
lives,
published, a prominent and honored place
among whom were many of
his intimate friends
and brave
justly given to the
name of Henry Van Schaack.
This service called him in contact with pirates,
a gang of merciless bloodhounds, foes to
God and man,
WILLIAM HOAVARD ALLEN.

Lieutenant William
who
his birth
at
live
by plunder and murder, and who had sworn venofficers
Howard
Allen, United States navyj
geance toward American

"
and
citizens.
was a native of the

being July
8,
city of
Hudson, the date of

a child
On
his arrival at
Havana, he was informed that a gang
1790.
While yet
he was placed
of pirates, having in possession some merchant vessels, had

stationed themselves in the bay of El Juapo, in the neigh-
school in London, England, but after about one year he
returned to Hudson, where he was afterwards for a short
borhood of Matanzas
without coming to anchor, he imme-
time a pupil of the
Hudson Academy.
His education
diately proceeded in search of them.

place,
He
approached the
was completed
in
at
the seminary in Doylestown, Pa., and
saw the
pirate vessels, three in
number, well armed
the year
United States navy.
1808 he was appointed a midshipman in the In 1811 he was commissioned secand afterwards assigned
to
and supplied, and manned with a hundred or more of these

desperadoes, with the bloody flag waving aloft and nailed
to the
ond
lieutenant,
duty on the
until,
last
mast.
In possession of these assassins were

several
five
"Argus."
This vessel proceeded on her cruise
on the
merchantmen and
American
citizens
this property
to
13th of August, 1813 (this being during the
war with
and these captives the gallant Allen determined
rescue.
England), she
"
fell
in with,
and
was
at
once engaged, the British
The
'
Alligator,'
in
consequence of the shoalness of the
.sloop-of-war " Pelicain."
water, could not approach
them
he ordered the boats
to
be
Although
this
vessel
superior
to
her
in
size,
manned with about
thirty of his crew, put himself in the van,
men, and metal, yet the

Early
in
battle
was long, severe, and bloody.

William
;
and led the attack and boarded them.

but were driven from their flag
possession.
The outlaws
resisted,
the action. Captain
Henry Allen was

the
firat
vessel,
of which he took
mortally wounded, and carried below

lieutenant, William
."ihortly after,
They
still
fled to the other vessels,

;
he pursued them
H. Watson, was severely wounded, and

'
amidst a shower of musketry

the head
;
musket
ball struck
him
in
The command of the Argus' then devolved on Lieutenant William Howard Allen his contaken to the ward-room.
;
he pressed forward, cheering his men, and,

board them, another pierced his breast
;
when about
was mortal
lifted
;
to
this
duct was
cool, deliberate,
and such
us received the
admirahis
still
ho cheered his gallant
little
crew as they
laid
tion of the
crew and the approbation and praise of

After fighting was useless, the
to
'
him on board of the

after.
prize schooner,
and
him on
wounds
superior officers.
Argus'
the deck he had so dearly won, and he died of his

in
was surrendered
the
'
Pelican,' a perfect wreck.
Lieuten-
about three hours
He
called his officers
about him,
ant Allen was taken to Ashburton, England, where he was

detained eighteen months a prisoner of war
;
gave directions respecting the prizes, for the merchant vessels
but he was
in
had been rescued

his friends
conversed freely and cheerfully

satisfied
exchanged before the

cartel to
clo.se
of the war, and returned

to
hoped that
and his country would be
Norfolk
but,
owing
an extraordinary passage of
that he had fought well.
He
said he died in peace with
some ninety days, he did not

In 1816 he
brig
'
arrive until after the peace.
the world and looked for his reward in the next.

his pain,
Although
made
a
;'
voyage
to Dublin, as the
in
master of the
the merchant
from the nature of his wounds, was excruciating,
Henry Clay
'
he was then engaged
yet he did not complain, but died like a martyr, without a

sigh or a groan, and the spirit of a braver
tered the unseen world.
service.
During the two succeeding years he was attached

United
Suites,' or ship
'
man never
it
en-
to the frigate
Independence.'
The body of
the martyred Allen
" In the spring of 1819, the United States frigate

gress' sailed
'Con-
was conveyed
to JIatanzas, in
Cuba, where
was interred
to his
on a cruise
lieutenant
,
to the
Chinese
seas.
Mr. Allen
on the 11th of November, 1822, with the honors due

distinguished merit.
was her
first
his
conduct during the cruise was

first
highly meritorious.
This being the
American ship of
and he
"Soon
son,
after the reception of this sad intelligence at
war of her
tives
class that
had visited the East Indies, the naterrific

it
which
cast a
gloom over the
city, the citizens

it
of
HudHudThis
were frightened at her

impres-sion
it
appearance
I
son assembled at the city hall, and
was a more numerous

in that
city.
often described the
made upon
heir uiiuds,
meeting than had ever been witnessed
and the deep conviction

of the United States.
'
left
of the strength and prowess
was on the 5th of December, 1822, and on motion of

chair; and on motion of
Elislia
In M.iy, 1S21, he returned in the
Williams, the honorable Alexander Coffin was called to the
Congress,' and remained attached to her until about the beto the
Ambrose
L. Jordan, Esq., Dr.
ginning of the year 1S22, when he was traaslerred

ship.'
Samuel White was appointed
secretary.
The Rev. B.
F.
Columbus,' then lying
in
Boston.
He
left
the
'
Culum-
Stanton opened the meeting with an appropriate and im-
102

The Hod. James Strong then pronounced
NEW
YORK.
arms reversed,
of Lieu-
pressive prayer.
front of the line of the military, resting on
a splendid eulogy on the character of the late gallant Lieu-
and was committed
to the
earth, near the grave
tenant William
"
Howard Allen. The common council of the
tenant Allen's mother.

city of
The
funeral service
was read by
Hudson requested
in a
the Rev. Mr. Stebbins, and a volley fired over the grave by the military.
of the navy department to have the remains of Lieutenant
The
procession then returned to the United

it
Allen brought from Matanzas to

vessel.
New York
public
States Hotel, where
was dismissed."*
in
This requast was promptly acceded to by the secof December, 1827,
retary of the navy, and on the 15th
The ashes of the hero rest neath a monument reared by

bearing these inscriptions
the
Hudson cemetery,
be-
the citizens of Hudson, and
the schooner
'
Grampus' arrived
at
New
York, having on
board the remains of the lamented hero.

of this intelligence, the
On
the reception
common
council of the city of
Hud-
"To
the
memory
L'nited States navy,

piratical vessel
son deputed Mr. Reed, former mayor of this city, and Mr.
of Willum Howard Allex, lieutenant in (ho who was killed when in the act of boarding a on the coast of Cuba, near Matanzas, at the age of
Edmonds,
the
recorder, to receive
and bring them

following, they
to his
re-
thirty-two.
native cily.
On
the
Wednesday
were
" Willi AH
Howard
Alle.v was
bom
in the city of
Hudson, July
S,
moved from
the navy-yard at Brooklyn, under the escort
1790; be was appointed a midshipman in 1308, and a lieutenant in
of the marine corps of that station, and accompanied by
and he took a conspicuous part in the engagement between the 'Argus' and the 'Pelican,' in 1813, and he was killed while in
1811,
'
Commodore Chauncey and a numerous body of naval offiThe colors at the yard and at New York were at half-mast and the procession landed at New York amid
cers.
;
command
*'
of the schooner
'
Alligator.'
William How.vnn
Alle.v.
were removed
to this city
first buried at Matanzas, by the United States government, and in-
His remains,
terred, under the direction of the
the firing of a salute from the
'
Grampus,' which had been
neath this marble, erected to his

place, in 1833.
common memory by
council of this city, be-
the citizens of bis native
moored
io the
stream for that purpose.
At New York
officers,
the
procession was joined by the
common
council of that city,
" Pride of
his country's
banded chivalry.
and an immense concourse of
citizens
and
and moved
to
His fame their hope, his name theic battle-cry;-
across the city to the steamboat
which carried them
Hudson.
artillery
There a salute was
fired
by a detachment of
He lived as mothers wished their sons to live, And died as fathers wished their sons to die."
and by the marine
corps,
and the remains were

to the
to
delivered by
tion.
Commodore Chauncey
His remains were accompanied
Hudson deputaHudson by the
DAVID
at
S.
COWLES,
second son of Rev. Pitkin and Fanny S. Cowlcs, was born
following officers of the navy: Lieutenants Francis H. Gregory,
"The
Grove," Canaan, Conn., Feb. 26, 1817.

officer
His
George N. Hollins, William D. Newman, John R. Coxe, John Swartwout, and Alexander M. Mull Sailing;
maternal grandfather was an
in
Brigadier-General
Glover's brigade of the Massachusetts line in the
War
of
and Midshipmen Lynch, Nichols, Schermerhorn, Lawrence, and Pinckney, and arrived early on
;
Master Bloodgood
the Revolution of 1776.
He
served with merit and dis-
tinction during its whole period, being
engaged
in
many of
Thursday morning.
salute,
They were welcomed by

to the dwelling of
a national
the most severe and important battles.
and were escorted
Captain Alex-
The
still
father of Colonel
Cowles died while the son was
ander Coffin, the patriotic kinsman of the lamented hero, by a detachment of military and a numerous escort of citizens,
young, and soon after he began his preparation for

in
Yale College, which institution he entered

the end of two years he
left
1836.
At
which moved
in
the following order
college
and commenced the

offices
study of law, being successively in the

" Hudson City Guards.
of Hon.
;
Columbia Plaids.
.\thcns Lafayette Guar.ls.
James Powers,
lastly,
Catskill
of his brother,
Judge Peckham, of Albany and, Edward P., at Hudson. He was ad;
Arid tho military under the
command
uf Col. William A. Dean,
mitted to the bar in Columbia county about the year 1843,
with standards furled and drums muffled.
from which time he was associated with his brother until

the latter removed to
ill
The Reverend Clergy. The Corpse,

Borne by Lieuts. Gregory. Hcllins, Newman, Coxe, Swartwout, and .Mull, and Midshipmen Lynch and Nichols.
.Mourners, including .Messrs. Bloodgood, Schermerhorn, Lawrence, and Pinckney, of the ("niled Stales Navy.
New
York,
in
1853.
He
continued
as district
successful practice, serving ably
some years
attorney, until the outbreak of the civil war.
In the year
in
1861, Colonel Cowles, at large personal expense, aided
Hudson
.Military Association.
forming several companies of a regiment of volunteers,
in
Drigadicr-Gcueral Whiting and his Suite.
which he was tendered, but declined, the position of

tenant-colonel.
lieu-
The Mayor and Recorder.

Aldermen.
Assistant Aldermen.
After the disasters of the

in
Army
of the
Potomac before Richmond,

ticipated
in raising the
June, 1862, he actively par-
Clerk and .Marshal of the Cily. Clerk and Sheriff of the Counly.
One Hundred and Twenty-eighth
Regiment,
New York
Volunteers, which was enlisted in the
Committee of .Arrangements.
counties of Columbia and Dutchess, and was commissioned

its
colonel
by the governor of the State.

5,
The regiment
to
it
" Followed
by a larger and more respectable procession
left
Hudson, Sept.
Soon
after
1862, and proceeded

battle of
Baltimore,
of citizens than had, for

city.
many
years, been witnessed in that

bells
Md.
tho
to
Antietam
was ordered
While the procession moved, the

tolled,
of the city
hill.
with other forces
Gettysburg, Pa., to intercept the rebel
were
and minute-guns were

at the grave-yard the
fired
from Parade
On
its arrival
body was conveyed
in
From Raymond's
" Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Men."
103

cavalry raid
Stuart.
NEW YORK.
to take
made
in
that direction by General J. E. B.
having resisted every attempt

refusing to be attended
him
to the rear,
and
In November the regiment composed part of the
by more than one

urging
faithful sergeant,
expeditionary forces under
command of Major-General N.
December
Charles
in
M.
Bell,
now
a practicing lawyer at Hillsdale,
P. Banks, and was embarked about the 1st of

following at Fortress
this
county,
earnestly
assault.
and
commanding
all
Monroe for New Orleans and the DeWhile at New Orleans, during the partment of the Gulf.
winter and spring of 1863, the regiment acquired a distinguished reputation for high discipline and soldierly conduct.
others to press forward, and constantly inquiring of the fate
and fortune of the

watch
It
was soon seen that he had

his
received a fatal wound.

to
With composure he gave

it
his attendant, requesting that it be returned to
In April, 1863, a brigade, including the
One Hun-
his mother,
also his ring
who had
fast,
presented
to
him
in
his boyhood, as
dred and Twenty-eighth, was dispatched by order of General

T.
and other small
articles.
Then,
he
felt his
W. Sherman,
under command of Colonel Cowles, on an
life-blood
ebbing
he desired
to
be raised up that he
expedition up the Pearl river to attack a rebel position near
might view the

utes longer,
field
and look into the enemy's works, ex-
Pontochoula, where a depot of supplies and shipping was

being formed.
cess,
claiming, " Oh, that I could have been spared a few min-
This duty was discharged with entire sucin
and I believe we should have caiTied those

to his command, and, own One Hundred and Twenty-eighth, he
and called forth marked commendation

at the time held a
general
works
!"
His thoughts reverted
orders.
alluding to his
The Confederates
tion
commanding
posi-
said to his attendant, " I believe, sergeant, I have done
my
on the
left
bank of the Mississippi river at Port Hud-
whole duty by
with
the
it
as a
man and
a soldier."
Growing fainter
son.
Major-General Banks was ordered by the governto invest
with loss of blood, he said, "
Tdl
AVith
my
full
mother that
I died
ment
in
and reduce the works

against
at that point.
Early
my face
to the
enemy."
consciousness that
May he moved
twenty-five thousand men.
them with an army of about The One Hundred and TwentyIt reached Spring-
hand of death was upon him, he

Jesus receive
closed his eyes, ejacu-
lated, " Christ
my
spirit !"
and expired.
feet in height,
eighth formed part of this command.

field
In person Colonel Cowles was about six
Landing
May
22, 1863,
and on that day was marched
of light hair and complexion, with luminous blue eyes,

face
in
to the front before the
enemy's works.
to
On
the 26th, active

assault
and form " a model of manly beauty."
His
tastes
demonstrations
preparatory
batteries
the
general
were
to
were intellectual and fastidious.

tical
He
was sound and pracall
made.
Two
of heavy guns were assigned
in
judgment,
fliir,
honorable, and upright in
his
Colonel Cowles wherewith to

the extreme the
left.
silence the enemy's fire on

finally efiective
dispositions.
Where
familiar,
he would often give
rein to
That operation was

in
on
a certain merry, incisive, satirical humor.
At
the same
ele-
following
morning
it
silencing
all
and dismounting
in the night in
time there was in him a strongly devout and reverent
some of the guns,

in destroying
having been suspended
order to co-operate with Colonel Clark (Sixth Michigan)
ment, which, however unobtrusive in ordinary conversation, found frequent and intense expression in his private diary.
In acknowledging a sword and
belt,
some houses near the Confederate
lines
which
the gift of his brother

pleased that you placed
interfered
with the play of the investing guns.
the middle of the day,
About May 27, Major-General Sherman

left,
Edward, he
says, " I
am
very
much
our names on the guard, and
also the
'
words on the
et
hilt.
ordered an assault on the right,
and centre of the
The
'
old
Norman
or French was,
is
Dieu
moii droit.'
The column on the Union left, with which One Hundred and Twenty-eighth participated, was under the immediate command of the commanding general.
enemy's works.
the
This, which you have inscribed,
the appropriate one,
God and
the Right,'
it
not
it
my
its
right.
If I can by
my
conduct give
a value above
intrinsic value,
it
and come
Immediately on moving, the head of the column became

exposed to the
full
home some day and hang

the family,
I
in the old hall,
will be to all
force
of the enemy's
fire,
discharge of grape, canister, and shell,
while sharpshooters
works opened with
fell
a furious
know, a pleasing memorial."

her eightieth year, he was most
doubtless
Colonel Cowles lived and died unmarried.
from the tops of

deadly
shot,
effect.
trees within the rebel
To
his mother, then in
General Sherman soon

leg.
from a cannon-
tender and devoted.
Her own youth had been

her
pirit
fired,
which carried away a

in
Brigadier-General Dow,
carried to the rear.
much wrought upon, and

self
by the Revolu-
second
command, was wounded and
tionary talcs often rehearsed at her father's fireside by him-
Colonel Clark, of the Sixth Michigan Volunteers, third in

rank, was knocked .senseless by the concussion of an ex-
and guests, old
oflSccrs
and comrades
in
arms.
The
subjoined
extract from a letter to her son reveals, while

life,
ploding
shell.
Colonel Cowles, next in rank, then assumed

this time the
softened by time and the events of
how
brightly burned
command. The wiiolc

exposure
By
column was badly shattered.

characteristic disregard of
the flame in the heart of nearly fourscore
force reeled.
With
in the
moment
of peril. Colonel Cowles rushed to

"
"Tilt IjnovE,
Frid.-iy,
July
25, ISC2.
the head of the column, and by voice and example stayed
My
DEAR. DE.\R D.WID,
I received
your
letter yesIt
it
the recoiling regiments, rapidly re-formed their ranks, and taking his position at their head and quite
force of his
in
terday afternoon, bearing not unexpected tidings.

all
made
has at
advance, by
in
the blood escape from
my
face for awhile, but
own strong
will,
headed on the column
last
returned, and I
am
trying to look with reason and com-
rush at a " double-quick"
to
within about six rods of the
posure on coming events.
Although
I
I cannot
know what
enemy's works, when he

shooter,
groin.
fell from the rifle-shot of a sharpwhich passed through his body just above the left
even a day may bring forth.

ing to leave
all
hope and
I think I
am
;
will-
my own and
your dearest
interests in
I'or
His
I
He
was
laid
in
a slight
depression of the
field.
hands who
ha.s
so long and so kindly cared
us
and
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, x\EW YORK.

may shield you
in the days of peril
104
pray that the same hand
server of public
men and
measures, under twenty governors,
and danger which seem now more than ever inevitably

fore us.
I
be-
from George Clinton to Myron H. Clark, and under fourteen

Presidents, from George
have had
little
doubt, since the three hundred

to
Washington
to
Franklin Fierce.
thousand troops or recruits were
you would have an appointment by the governor; and knowing

be raised, that
Among
the important trials in which he took part wjs that

to bribe
of Solomon Southwick, for endeavoring
Alexander
in
that so
much
in
of the patriotic blood of

veins, I
my own
thought,
dear father
Sheldon, speaker of the Assembly, to give his vote
favor
coursed
your
knew you would not

little
'
hesitate to go.
of incorporating the Bank of North America.
Chief-Justice
Those southern young gentlemen

introduced you at Charleston as
north,'
when they
Kent
presided.
Thomas Addis Eramett,

The
attorney-general,
Colonel Cowles from the

. . .
led for the prosecution,
and Aaron Burr, Daniel Cady, and

verdict was for the defendfor his real
how
prophetic their words were.

bless
Ebenezer Foote defended.

ant.
"
May God
and keep you safely under the shadow
He
was particularly distinguished
property
of His wing
"
learning,
and was long the counsel of Judge Smith, the

acres in
Most
affectionately,
owner of eighty thousand
Madison county.
He
"
Your Mother."
was a
close
and
tireless student, severe in morals, courteou.'i
in address,
prompt
in
the discharge of
all
his duties, secre-
The last interview of th:; son with his mother occurred at the home of a relative in Hudson, whither she had gone to bid him adieu. It was September 5, 1862. His last
spoken words
mother.
to
tive
and taciturn
to an extraordinary degree, ever cautious
and wary, a dangerous opponent
at nisi prius,
and a finished
counsel before the courts in banc.
her were these
"
Good-by,
my
me
precious
upon the bench of but seven years

was marked by
life.
Judge Cady's career he resigned in 1855
God
bless
you through eternity
for the
to
most kind,
!"
all
the splendid characteristics of his forensic
most devoted mother you have ever been

her mortal view forever.
fifteen years later,
Then
He
name.
was pure as snow, and suspicion never breathed
shielding with his cap his tear-dimmed eyes, he passed from
his
He
married a daughter of Colonel James Livfather
Let us reverently trust
that,
now
ingston,
and was the
of
Mrs.
Elizabeth
Cady
she has found him again in the " great
Stanton.
No
loftier character
left
has adorned the annals of
hereafter."
the State, and none has

in
a more honored name.

oil
His remains,
were removed
the city of
Bell, in
accordance with a wish expressed by him,
A
hung
very excellent
life-size
portrait of
at
him has long

at
for
interment from the scene of his death to
in the court of appeals
room
Albany, by the side
Hudson.
They were accompanied by Sergeant

died.
of that of Nicholas Hill.
His death occurred
Johns-
whose arms he
Here
all
classes with a truly
town, in Fulton county, Oct. 31, 1859.
mournful interest united

for his
in expressions of
in
profound sorrow
untimely
fate,
and
warm and
in
JAMES WATSON WEBB,

son of General Samuel Blatchlcy
officer
well deserved enco-
miums upon
never before
his worth.
funeral pageant such as had

this
Webb,
a Revolutionary
been witnessed
county accompanied
resting-place.
of considerable distinction, and Catharine (Hogeat Claverack, in this county, Feb.
the body of the dead hero to
its final
He
boom) Webb, was born

8,
was buried with military honors,

and the man.
as
became the occasion
1802.
At
the age of twelve years he went to reside at
graceful granite shaft in the cemetery at

lies.
Cooperstown, N. Y., with his brother-in-law and guardian.
Hudson marks
the spot where he
Judge George
Morrill.
He
entered the United
States
in
army
as second lieutenant in the
Fourth Artillery
the grade of
Aulieu-
DANIEL CADY,
for
gust, 1819.
He
was advanced
to
first
tenant in 1823, and in the following year to that of assist-
many
years one of the most eminent and successful
ant commissary of subsistence.

resigned from the
In the
fall
of 1827 he
lawyers of the State, and later a judge of the
Supreme
army and adopted the
profession of jour-
Court and
in
the court of appeals, was born in Canaan,
nalism, purchasing the

in
'
Morning Courier, which he published

In 1829 he purchased
Columbia
Co., in April, 1773.
His professional studies were
the interest of General Jackson.
pursued under John Woodworth, subsequently attorneygeneral and

practice of the law at Florida, in
the
New York
Enquirer, which he consolidated with the

title
Supreme Court judge, and ho coninienccd the Montgomery county. At

led the profession in
Courier, under the

this
of the Courier
and Enquirer.
With
paper he remained connected for upwards of thirty In 1849 he was appointed minister to Austria, but
the date of his admission to the bar, Hamilton, Burr, Ed-
years.
ward and Brockholst Livingston
Nw
the appointment was not confirmed.
In 1851 he was ap-
York
were
first
city.
Abraham Van Vechten and Ambrose Spencer

Elislia
pointed by Governor
Hunt
engineer-in-chief of the State
at
Albany, and
Williams at Hudson.
(
In the
of
New
York, with the rank of brigadier-general.

to accept this
to
He,
reported case in which he was counsel
Johnson's
however, refused
appointment.
In 1861 he
Cases, 231) his associate was
Aaron Burr, and
his antagonist
was appointed minister

pointment, though
it
Turkey, but he declined the ap-
Abraham Van Vechten. From

volume of the
State.
that early date
down
in
to his
had been confirmed by the Senate.
elevation to the bench, in 18-t7, his
name
is
found
every
Shortly afterwards ho was appointed minister to Brazil, and
reports, the associate or the opponent,

in all parts
and
Con-
always the peer, of the giants of the bar
of the
He
was elected
to the
A.ssembly
in
1809, and
to
At Paris, in 1865, he Emperor Napoleon for the removal of the French troops from Mexico. In 1869
tilled
that position for eight years.
negotiated a secret treaty with the
gress in 1814, and defeated for Congress in 1832.
a leading and constantly-oinployod advocate, and a keen ob-
He was
he resigned the mission to Brazil, and
lias
since resided in
New
York.
,3^^^^-^-^
SAMUEL JONES TILDEN.

Samuel Jooes Tilden was bom
Co.,
at
New
Lebanon, Columbia
followed in the press.
The
late
Samuel Beardsley, of Utica,
N. Y.,
in
1814.
One
of his paternal ancestors and the
inspired, if he did not write, a series of papers published in
son and grandson of another were mayors of Tenterden,
the Arffus, then the leading Democratic journal of the State,
Kent, England, between 1585 and 1623.

other ancestor was one of the
out the " Mayflower.'
The son of anLondon merchants who fitted
which contested the recommendations of the message, and

invited
resistance
to
their
fiscal
adoption.
Young
Tilden,
Another ancestor was one of the

His mother traced her lineage
student even then of
systems and political economy,
founders of the town of Scituate, Mass., and a leader in the
sprang
to
the defense of the President's policy, in a series
famous Plymouth colony.

to
of papers signed " Crino."
His most distinguished biog"
William Jones, lieutenant-governor of

once cousin of John
New Haven
I.,
colony,
rapher has
.said
of them
They were marked by
all
the
and son of a regicide judge of Charles

was
at
by a wife who
of Oliver
characteristics of his maturity,
and advocated the proposed
Hampden and
sister
separation from the banks and redeemability of the govern-
Cromwell.
His
father,
a farmer and merchant in
New
His
ment currency
in specie.
Their author was but twentyat
Lebanon (whither he had come with

influence
in
his parents in 1790),
three years of age,
the age
life,
which William Pitt became

illustrious statesman, prior
was a man of notable judgment and practical sense.

the
Chancellor of England.
If history has preserved anything
county was a recognized power.
New
York's great statesmen of the Jacksonian era
Martin Van
and
friends.
from the pen or tongue of that

to that period
of his
which displays a higher order of
Buren, Silas Wright, William L. Marcy, Azariah C. Flagg,
merit,
'
it
has escaped
the attention of his biographers."
Edward
Livingston, Chancellor Livingston, Albert Gallatin
were
school,
Crino' was long supposed to be
among
it is
his
visitors,
correspondents,
the justices of the
Esek Cowen, then one of Supreme Court.
Reared amid such a
society,
under such
traditions, in
such a
In the
fall
of 1838, Nathaniel P. Talmadge, a senator
not surprising that from the outset his studies

in the graver sciences of
;
of the United States, from
New
York, who had separated

in
were widest and deepest
government,
from the Democratic party and joined the Whigs,

sition to
oppoto
public economy, and law
nor that his
first
adventure, in the
field.
the
financial
to
policy of the President,
went
ardor of ripening youth, sliould have been in a political
Columbia county
speech the
address his
new
friends.
After his
In the
fall
of 1832, General Jackson was re-elected to
Whig managers
invited reply.
The Democrats
the Presidency,
Van Buren was

to
elected to the Vice-Presi-
present took up the challenge, and shouted for Tilden as

their
dency,
and
Marcy
the
governorship of
New
York.
champion.
His speech was a masterly refutation of

its
Their success had depended on defeating a coalition of National
the veteran senator's argument, and some of
home-thrusts
Republicans and Anti-Masons.
With an
early " in-
were so
eflFective
and
thrilling as completely to countervail
stinct for the juglar,"
young Tilden wrote
a paper analyz-
the political purpose of the meeting.
ing the political situation and showing there could be no
The
great depression in prices and paralysis of business

fall
honest alliance.
indulgent
critic,
His
father, his
most appreciative, yet

paper, took
least
which continued into the
of 1840, although an in-
approved
the
him
to
pay
evitable result of a long period of
bank
inflation
and unto
a visit to Mr.
by,
Van Buren,
it
then at Lebanon Springs, near

Its merit
sound government financing, were, of course, imputed

the subsequent distress, have been ascribed to
and
to read
to
him.
it
was attested by
their
the sub-treasury system, just as the panic of 1873, and

all
decision to publish
through the State, approved by the

;
steps
signatures of several leading Democrats
it
was praised by
;
taken to remove their chief causes and principal conditions.
being ascribed to the pen of Mr.
Van Buren
its
but even
in
In October, 1840, Mr. Tilden,

cial revolution
more by the denial that be was
author,
made
the
through
all its
progress, and
who had watched knew

in
the finanits
source,
his
Albany Arûs,
Tilden, which
"
by authority."
Out of
this incident
grew
nature,
time,
and remedies
a speech
it
as thoroughly as
any older man of
a particular friendship between Mr.
Van Buren and Mr.

confidential character,
\
made
upon the subject

at this
New
Lebanon.
became of the most

till
No
j
one can read
day without marveling that
and continued
the death of the ex-President.
Daniel Webster and Nicholas Biddle, with whose arguments
Young
Tilden's
academic
course
was begun
at Yale
its
Mr. Tilden grappled, could ever have championed a system
College, in the
sophomore
class,
which enrolled among
under which the revenues of the
federal
government were
members Chief-Justice Waite, William M. Evarts, Profes.sors Lyman and Silliman, and Edwards Pierrepont. His studies were intermitted for a few months to repair the eSects
of too intense application
University of
;
made
its
the basis of private commercial
discounts.
He
re-
viewed the history of the United States Bank, and exposed

ill-founded
claims to have been " a regulator of the
but were shortly resumed
at the
currency."
in
In short, the youngster was already a veteran

the councils of his party.
New York
were continued in the law school
the service and
But
while,
of that seat of learning, whose pupils were then enjoying the

prelections of Mr.
F. Butler,
on the one hand, the administration sought his advice and

co-operation,
" Treatise
Van Buren, Attorney-General Benjamin

;
on the other
hand,
Conde Raguet, whose
and Judge William Kent
and were prolonged
in
on
Currency and
Banking" had placed him

scientific
the law-office of the gifted, if eccentric,
John W. Edmonds.
in
among
the most eminent political economists of the period,

its political, its
The
accession of
Van Buren
called an
to the
Presidency,
1837,
recognized, beyond
value as " the
preceded but a
that year.
that
little
the memorable financial revulsion of
clearest exposition of the subject that has yet appeared,"
He had
extra session
of Congress
and a " most masterly production."

Mr. Tilden opened his
law-office
in
summer, and
in his
message recommended the separaestablish-
Pine
street.
New
New
tion of the
government from the banks, and the

treasury.
York
city, in
1844, the year of the election of James K.

Silas
ment of the independent
Voluminous debates
Polk as President, and of
Wright
as governor of
BIOGRAPHY OF SAMUEL JONES TILDEN.

York.
To advance
in
till
thai choice he united with
John L.
Mr. Tilden's defense of the Pennsylvania Coal Company

probably established, as
repute
O'SulHvan
founding the Dally Xeics, by
far the ablest
much
as
any
.single case, his
high
morning journal
Democratic party.
he made
fall
then enlisted in the service of the
among
his professional brethren.
It
was a striking
Its success
was complete, but,
as
he did
exhibition of the power of his analytical method.
The
which
not propose to enter into journalism as a career, after the election

a gift of his share in the
Delaware and Hudson Coal Company had sued

toll,
for extra
in
paper to his colleague.
extending over a long period, on a contract,
In the
of 1S45. Mr. Tilden was elected to the State
the Pennsylvania Coal
Company agreed
to
pay
it
as an in-
Assembly, and, while a member of that body, was elected

to the Constitutional
demnity
tion was,
for the cost of enlarging their canal.
The
quesat less
Convention of 1S46.
but
it
His impress
is
had the enlarged canal given transportation
visible in.the legislation of that year,
was most notable
expense than the old canal.
chaos of facts beclouded
upon the new constitutional provisions affecting the finances

of the State and the management of
its canals.
fall
and complicated the

to order
issue.
Mr. Tilden reduced this chaos

guided
by
costly, laborious analysis involving the
The
defeat of Mr.
Wright
in
the
of 1846, and the
research of a regiment of computers, amounting to the ten

years' toil of one
coolness which had
dent Polk and the
late
grown up between the friends of PresiPresident Van Buren, led Mr. Tilfrom
politics
man.
He
took the time of a single trip

plaintiffs'
of a boat as an integer, and from the

a
books evolved
den
it
to
withdraw
his attention
and concentrate
luminous
series of proofs that defeated their claim
and
upon
his profession.
Dependent upon
his
own
exertions,
won
his cause.
The amount claimed was twenty
cents a
hitherto not lucrative, for a livelihood, he discerned thus

early the importance of a
ton on six
hundred thousand tons
a year for ten years, be-
pecuniary independence to the

all
sides a large royalty for an indefinite future.
best political career.

his profession,
at the bar as in
it
Concentrating
his energies
upon
and
In the case of the Cumberland Coal

directors, heard
for the first
in
Company
against
its
was not long ere he became as well known
Maryland
in
1858, Mr. Tilden applied
he had before been
known
as a politician
time to the directors of corporations the familiar
twenty years of assiduous, untiring industry he made his

steadily to the foremost rank of his profe.ssion,
doctrine that a trustee cannot be a purchaser of property confided to
way
and to
him
for sale,
and he successfully
illustrated
and
nearly or quite the largest and most lucrative practice in the
settled the equitable principle on
which such
sales to directors
country conducted by any single barrister.
During these
are set aside,
and
also
the conditions to give them

less
validity.
field
two decades he linked his name imperishably with some of

the most remarkable forensic struggles of the time.
limits of this sketch forbid, however,
Mr. Tilden's success was no
remarkable in a
The
which he made especially
his
own,
in
rescuing corporations
litigation, in reorgan-
any adequate reference

fertility
from unprofitable and embarrassing
even to those in which his talents and
of resource
izing their administration, re-establishing their credit,
and
were most conspicuous.
rendering their resources available.

great railway enterprises north of the
More than
some
half the
The
great O'Conor, his associate counsel in the Flagg
Ohio and between the

time, been his
case, has
spoken of Mr. Tilden's opening speech as one of
Hudson and Missouri

clients.
rivers have,. at
the most striking displays of pure intellectual force he ever

witnessed.
It
was here, on
this pre-eminently useful, if less
Mr. Azariah C. Flagg,
like
Mr. Tilden, a friend

in the State
conspicuous stage, that his legal
attainments, his unsur-
of
Van Buren and Wright, and renowned

of the city of
and
passed skill as a financier, his unlimited capacity for concentrated, energetic labor, his constantly increasing weight of
city for his fidelity to public trusts,

troller
had been elected His

title to
as
comp-
New
York.
the office was

close
character and personal influence, enabled him, especially be-
contested by his opponent by legal process.
So
had been
tween the years 1855 and 1861,

than any
to contribute
more powerfully
the vote that a change in the return of a single election district
would reverse the

Mr. Tilden, by
result.
Upon
a fraud in.serted here
man in the United States to their great prosperity. He had now earned in the conduct of these large interand
in the decisive victories
his
opponent proceeded.
3.
From
the very data of the contest-
ests,
he had won, a considerable
ant,
mathematical and logical analysis, based

all
fortune, a ripe experience,
and a distinguished fame.
The
For
upon the principle that truth always matches

demonstrated Flagg's election, and won his
around,
time was near when
all
these were consecrated, with as
reconstructed a lost tally-sheet, exposed the attempted fraud,

ca.se.
(
great and devoted energy, solely to the public service.
no one
in
the United States
now needs
to
be told that to
As
counsel for the heirs of Dr. Burdell

to
an American
the amazing
Mr. Tilden more than to any other single
man
is
due the
political
Tichborne case), Mr. Tilden tore

tissue of falsehood
tatters
overthrow of Tweed and his confederates in both

parties,
woven by the claimant, Mrs. Cunning-
who
ham, the pretended wife and probable murderer of Burdell,

by an examination of one hundred and fifty-two willing
witnesses called by the claimant.
truth
State to
had used the power of the whole compel the city of New York to pay them the freefor years
booters' tribute,
and whose plunderings caused the major

its
Believing
still
that the
part of the
enhancement of
in
debt from 819,000,000
in
must match
to
all
around, and that falsehood cannot be

facts,
1857
in
to
8116,000,000
18TG.
The
ring had
its
origin
made
harmonize with even a limited number of

thi.--
he
the legislation of 1857, constituting a board of super-
conducted
defense by a species of moral triangulalion.

his
visors,
six
Republicans and six Democrats,
to
change
His metaphysical power,
keen acumen, his penetration
majority of which needed the control of the primary meetings of both the great national and State parties for four
of character, and his creative logic were never more wonderfully displayed.
won the case, but the conviction at once seized the public mind that had he conducted the previous prosecution of M rs. Cunningham for murnot only
der,
it
He
yeara in succession,
eration.
a series of coincidences rare in a gena ring
This ring of supervisors soon grew to be

for thirteen years
between the Republicans, who,
prior to
must have
resulted in the
woman's
ju.-t
conviction.
1SG9 and 1870,
controlled
the legislative power of the
BIOGRAPHY OF SAMUEL JONES

State, the half-and-half supervisors
officials
TILDE.V.
and a few Democratic
Reform
leave
it
in its contest for
power in the
State.
Unwilling to
in the city,
and embraced just enough influential

of each party to control both.
its
possible for the enemies of reform to say that
he
men
in the
organizations
its
could not safely submit his work
asa reformer
to
the perils
Year by year
power and
audacity increased.
Its
of party
strife
and the judgment of the people, he accepted

majorities,
seat of operations was transferred to Albany.

tive city offices; subordinate appointments,
The
lucra-
the Democratic nomination, and was elected governor of
which each head

dis-
New York
by overwhelming
many Republicans
of department could create at pleasure, with salaries at

cretion,
contributing their votes to swell this moral triumph.

years before. General
Two
com-
distributed
among
legislators;
contracts;
money
Dix had been
elected
by
a plurality
contributed by city
raised
officials, as.sessed
on their subordinates,
of 53,000.
petitor,
Governor Tilden's
plurality over Dix, his
by jobs under the departments, or filched from the

were the corrupting agencies which shaped
all legislation.
was 53,000.
seated in the governor's chair
it
city treasury,
Not long was Mr. Tilden

filled.
and controlled
ere the people discovered that besides being occupied
was
Thus
for four millions of people

all
were
all
institutions of
His
first
message, in January, proclaimed his policy
government,
taxation,
all
appropriations of money, mas-
of thorough-going administrative reform, revision of laws,

so as to provide criminal
tered and made.
touched
its
The Ring power was consolidated, and farthest limit in the Tweed charter of 1870. Enall oflices, all
punishment and
also
civil
remedies
for the frauds of public officers
and their accomplices, and

took advantage of
acted by a Republican Legislature, approved by a Democratic
reduction of taxation.
Mr. Tilden
governor, this charter was simply a grant of

local
his high position to restore, in this message, to the

cratic party the authority of its
Demo-
government,
all
power, to members of the Ring for long
most honorable traditions

which ever had
periods, without accountability for their acts.
New
York
his
in finance,
and
to the country the only policy

its
was delivered over, bound hand and

confederates for plunder.
foot, to
Tweed and
insured or can insure
substantial, enduring prosperity.
Mr. Tilden, who had accepted

death of
But
this
was only the beginning.
In
less
than ninety days

the Legislature
the chairmanship of the Democratic committee and the

titular leadership of his party in the State at the
he had investigated, and in a message
to
exposed, the fraudulent processes of the Canal Ring, by
saults of the Ring.

in city or State,
elders,
Dean Richmond, now held it against the ambition and asWithout patronage or office to confer
he planted himself on the traditions of the on the moral sense and forces of Democracy, and
invincibility of truth
which
for years
the State had been plundered,
its
agents
debauched,
its politics
demoralized, and
its
credit imperilled.
to
The
political
courage of this declaration of war
the death
against a caste claiming the balance of power in both the
upon the
the
and
right.
He denounced
Ring
ac;
great political parties can hardly be overstated.
In a similar
Tweed
charter and assailed at every point the
struggle with the baser elements, forty years before, Silas
domination.
The
fight
was long and desperate
many
Wright had been struck down

preferred to
so necessary.
fall like
as
he was rising
life.
to the zenith
cused him of making shipwreck of his party, but he would
of his fame, and exiled from public
But Mr. Tilden
concede nothing, compromise nothing.
Perceiving the
vital
him
rather than not attempt the reform
centre of power, the city representation in the legislative bodies of the State, he insisted with his party and before
people,
Again he put his trust in the virtue of the and again it was not betrayed. He appointed a
its head, under authofrom a Legislature containing many notorious
the people, that the clutch of
Ring
rule should release that.
commission, with John Bigelow at

rity extorted
Fortune favored the brave.

office
clerk in the comptroller's
copied and published the ' secret accounts."

all
Mr.
canal-jobbers and organized in their interest.
The commission
Tilden went into the bank where
the checks of the
Ring
brought out
to the light
of day the whole system of fraud-
had passed, analyzed the gigantic mass of these and other

vestiges of their frauds, traced out the actual division of
ulent expenditure on the canals, which he had denounced

at the bar of public opinion.
Nor was even
this
all.
By
.
their plunder, and thus accumulated and framed the decisive
arresting completely such expenditures,
by the recommenfinancial
and
legal proof of their guilt.
Fortune again favored the
dation
and adoption of various other
measures,
brave.
He
was able
to
put an honest person into the comp-
and by the by one-half
discreet but vigorous exercise of the veto power.

effected a reduction of the State taxation
trust.
it
troller's office, as
deputy, with the keys of the city treasury.
Governor Tilden
its
From
that hour the
Ring was doomed.

to
sum, before laying down his

throughout the whole Union
side-contest, essential
success in the overthrow of

toil,
By
this time
was perceived
the Ring, and arduous aa any part of that devoted

his effort for the
was
that precisely such as these were the labors and achieve-
impeachment and overthrow of the corrupt

York.
This
too
ments needed
in
a reformed administration of the federal
judiciary
of
New
was
triumphantly
government
cies,
at
Washington.
achieved, with the result, besides the imprisonment or flight
departments
and
habits
War
had
left its
usual lega^
of the members of the Ring, and the recovery of some of

their spoil, also the purification of
justice in the great metropolis.
debt
honeycombed with corruption, a vast of unbounded extravagance. Between

city,
the administration of
1850 and 1870 town,
county, and State expenditures
had increased nearly seven-fold, and federal expenditures

every private interest
ten-fold, whilst the population
These sixteen months of
sacrifice of
had not even doubled.
Taxes
or occupation of his own. and of strenuous absorbed devotion to the public welfare, led hira
to
were crushing the nation, and Tweeds were swarming at

its
make
a brief trip to
|
capital.
It
Europe
in
the
summer
of
1873
for rest
and recreation.
men
in all the
States,
was natural that the eyes of discerning and the hearts of the masses of the
But the
the
lawyer, the statesman, the patriot, was not suf-
'
people, should be turned towards Governor Tilden.

belief that the reformer of
The
fered to return to the courts and the council-chamber.

fall
In
New York
was the reformer for
of 187-1 he was
summoned
to
lead the party of
W.ishington inspired a decisive choice among the Democrats
BIOGRAPHY OF SAMUEL JONES TILDEN.

from Maine to Texas.
a tidal-wave,
It
came up from the people
like
We
cannot more
fitly
close this too brief sketch of an
and
lifting
the political leaders of
many
to
a an
unexampled private and public career than by quoting

Governor Tilden's own words, on the 12th of June, 1877, upon this, " the most portentous event in our political
history"
"
:
State
who had
the
first
other preferences, bore
them onward
inevitable decision.
On
balloting of the Democratic National Con-
vention, which
assembled at
all
St.
Louis,
June
27,
1876,
Everybody knows that

elected
after the recent election the
men
Mr. Tilden's name led

of 739 ballots
cast.
the
rest.
He had
received
On
the second ballot
417 out he received 535

accepting
the
who were
by the people President and Vice-Presi'
dent of the United States were
counted
in'
out,'
and men
I
out of 74-t, more than the two-thirds required, and was at
who were
transaction.
not elected were
'
counted
and
seated.
once nominated unanimously.
His
letter
disclaim any thought of the personal
wrong involved
in this
nomination was looked for with keen interest, and read It betrays in more widely than any other such document. every line its author's mastery of the art and business of
statesmanship.
Not by any
act or
word of mine
shall that be
is,
dwarfed or degraded into a personal grievance, which

truth, the greatest
!
in
wrong that has stained our
national an-
The profoundest problems
of finance, the
nals.
To every man of
wrong
as
it is
the four and a quarter millions
who
it is
causes of commercial and industrial depression, the conditions of a revival of national prosperity, are there dis-
were defrauded of the fruits of their elective franchise

as great a
to
me.
And
no
less to
every
man
cussed with the precision of science and the ease of power.

I
of the minority
will
the
ultimate consequences extend.
The
contest which
followed was one of the most desall
Evils in government grow by success and by impunity.
perate and hard-fought in
the annals of popular elections.
They do not
arrest their
own
progress.
Much more
was needful
than the preference of a majority of the people

to
limited except by external forces.

j
If the
They can never be men in possession

elections,
Democratic success.
Sixteen years of con-
of the government can in one instance maintain themselves

in
tinuous rule had given the Republican party every advantage.

It
wielded the vast influence of 8164,000,000 anIts followers
an example will be imitated.
power against an adverse decision at the Temptation

to give
such
exists always.
nual expenditures.
were mustered and
drilled
Devices
to
the color of law, and false pretenses on which

will
by 100,000 oflfice-holders. But Governor Tilden's character,

acceptance had
battle-field
found fraudulent decisions,

will
not be wanting.
The
career,
and
letter
of
the
wrong
doned.
grow
into a practice if
condoned
in
if
once con-
completely
determined and
defined
In the world's history changes
the succession of
force.
campaign.
and the aggressive quality of the Democratic It was an appeal to the conscience and the
the
governments have usually been the result of fraud or

It
has been our faith and our pride that
we had
established
Jpower of the American people from
standpoint
issues
of
j
mode of
peaceful change, to be
worked out by the agency

elective system, in
Democratic principles and traditions.

"'ilisplaced.
War
were
!
Reform was the watchword.
of the ballot-box. " The question

its
is
now
is
whether our
form,
is
The
the
people rebuked his calumniators, and rewarded with
substance as well as
its
to be maintained.
it
This
the laurels of victory his faith in their purpose to restore
'
the question of questions.
Until
is
finally settled
government
to
the
principles
and the purity of the

in
there can be no politics founded on inferior questions of

,
founders of the Republic.
They gave him,

suff'rages
a vote
administrative policy.
It involves the
fundamental right
It in-
vastly the largest ever polled, great popular majorities,
in
'
of the people.
volves
It involves the elective principle.
New York
State, eighty
thousand more
than made
the whole system of
popular government.
The
Grant's fifty-four thousand majority in 1872, and in the
people must signally
ceived in his
Union thirteen hundred thousand more than Grant had rethousand first election, and seven hundred
in his
more than he had received
second election.
condemn the great wrong which has been done to them. They must strip the example of everyThey must refuse a prosthing that can attract imitators. This is not all. The people perous immunity to crime.
will not
The
electors chosen in the Presidential election of
1876
be able
to trust the
authors or beneficiaries of the
numbered three hundred and

and eighty-four.
and
in
sixty-nine.
Of
these the
wrong
to devise remedies.
Tilden electors indisputably chosen numbered one hundred
the wrong shall ure which shall

impossible.
I
The Tilden
electors
in
Florida (four),
But when those who condemn have the power they must devise the measrender a repetition of the wrong forever
Louisiana Ceight), also received, indisputably, a ma-
If
my
voice
in its
could
reach
throughout our
jority of the votes cast
and returned.
It
was claimed,
in
too,
country and be heard

'
remotest hamlet, I would say:

live.
that Tilden
Carolina.
electors
(seven)
had the majority

at least 196.
South
Be of good
cheer.
The
republic will
The Hayes
electors
thus numbered, at most,
tions of our fathers are not to expire in shame.
The instituThe sovso

tri-
173
the Tilden electors
numbered
By what
Hayes
ereignty of the people shall be rescued from this peril and

re-established.'
means the casting of these twelve

electors history will yet write in
(if
not nineteen) electoral
Successful
wrong never appears

its fall. its
votes was transferred from the Tilden electors to the
umphant
as
on the very eve of
Seven years ago a
burning
letters
upon the
corrupt dynasty culminated in

lion of people
power over the one mil-
pages of
its
abiding record.
who
live in
the city of
New
York.
It
had
Every Republican member of the Electoral Commission

voted (eight to seven) to give eS'ectual validity to the
versal,
re-
conquered or bribed, or flattered and won, almost every-
body into acquiescence.

year or two later
in exile.
its
It
appeared to be invincible.
in
by the State Returning Boards, of the people's choice
members were
and
the penitentiaries or
of Tilden electors,
r[ualified elector.
voted
to receive the vote
of every dis-
History abounds in similar examples.

in the future.
We
life."
must
All were necessary to enable
them
to seat
believe in the right
A
its
great and noble
Hayes by
a majority of one.
nation will not sever
its political
from
moral

JOHN VAN NESS PHILIP.
Lieutenant-Commander John Van Ness Philip
son of the late Colonel
wa.s the
105
Johnson, of JIaryland.
He
performed the duties of his
professorship for five years; but, meanwhile, his thoughts
Henry G. Philip and

in the
C'athaiiiie
D.
and desires were reverting

childhood.
the beautiful scenes of his
Hoffman, and was born

Co., N. Y., on
town of Claverack, Columbia
The country,
in
too,
was
at peace with
itself
and
his
March
14, 1823.
He
received in early
life
with
all
other nations, and did not imperatively

the service.
demand
a classical education, attending the academies at Claverack
continuance
He
till
therefore resigned his cmn-
and Lenox, Mass., and graduatin;; with high honors
at
the
mission in the navy, returned to his native town, and

it
made
Van Rensselaer
Professor Eaton.
Institute, in Troy, then
under the euro of
his
home thenceforward
the time of hLs decease.
Here
and standing on the
old friendships were revived
and new ones formed.
With
his education thus att;iined,
With
characteristic earnestness, yet with

to
becoming modestv,
young manhood, he looked around with youthful eagerness for some useful and honorable occupation in which to spend tiie manly energies which he felt
threshold
of
he applied himself
found to do.
every good work which his hands

of his popularity and influence
The
circle
widened and continued

the
to
extend until there was no one
in
growing within him.

to his
uncle, the late
Nor did he look in vain. On a visit General John P. Van Ness, he was
in the
community more widely or highly esteemed than John

Philip.
Van Ness
prized, but
This esteem and affection he highly

to
offered a
midshipman's warrant
being congenial
spirit
United States navy.
more precious
him were thedelightsof his home.

For such a man
to tear
The
age,
offer
to his
own
of cour-
himself away from such a
enterprise,
and pait
home was
deed
;
a sacrifice incall
triotism,
he accepted
but at the
the
of
with
alacrity,
and
thus
duty
sacrifice
was
devoted his
life
specifi-
made when
Keenly
and
his
country
cally to the .service of his
again needed his ser^'ices.

alive to her honor,
country.
in
As
and
an officer
the navy
he served
witii
an ardent lover of her free

noble
in
faithfully
in
honor
institutions,
his
various parts of the
chivairic
tion
admira-
world, both in peace and

in war.
and love
with
for the flag
of hLs country, his heart

leaped
During the Mexican war he was stationed on

the coast of California,
indignation
first
when the news

justifiable
broke
upon the land of the unrevolt

;
and
for
gallant conduct
of the
and,
al-
in the action
of San Ga-
southern States
briel
was
specially
menthe
though by marriage connected

blood
tioned, not only
in
with of the
the
best
report
of
Commodore
south, he
first
Stockton, but also in that
was among the very
of General Kearney, com-
to fly to the standard
of
mander of
land.
the forces on
his country
insulted
attack
when
it
was
by the wanton
was acceplatter
After his return from

the
Pacific
coast,
upon Fort Sumoffer
Mr.
JOHN VAN NESS PHILIP.

part of
ter.
His
Philip sailed as lieuten-
ted,
and during the

at
ant on board the steam frigate " Mississippi," which was sent to Turkey by our government for the purpose of conveying to the United States the exiled patriot, Louis Kossuth. Wiiile Kossuih was still guarded by Turkish soldiers, and
May, 1861, he
left
the navy -yard
Brooklyn as the
11.
lieutenant and executive officer of the steamship " R.
Cuyler," connected with the blockading
squadnm
in
the
dis-
Gulf of Mexico.
IIow honorably and faithfully he
was
in
imminent
peril uf
being given up to the Austrian

connection
for
charged the duties of that position the records of the navy
authorities.
Lieutenant
devised
Philip, in
with
some
which,
department and the history of the times
fully attest.
He
viît
English
officers,
a plan
his
rescue;
returned in the month of June, 1SG2, making a biicf

at
however, was delayed
in its
execution, and finally abandoned

voluntarily allowed Kossuth
home, and
although
wa.-
again off
to join
his si|uadion.
The
when the Turkish government

and his companions
of the American
to place
flag.
steamer had been ordered to touch at

and,
the officers were
Key West
for coal,
themselves under the protection
aware that the terrible

ship became infected with
;
scourge of that climate, yellow fever, was prevailing at that

"
On
to the in
his return from the crui.sc in the " Mi.<sissippi,

.sea
Lieu-
port, the order
was obeyed.
;
The
tenant Philip was withdrawn from
service and appointed
the deadly disease
the captain soon died

;
the surgeon and
honorable post of assistant professor of mathematics
Lieutenant Philip were taken sick

bed, took
to
the
latter,
on his sick
return
the naval school nt Annapolis.
While there he was
united in marriage with the daughter of the late Chancellor
command of the steamer, and directed her New York. They reached Sandy Hook and were
placed
100

to
NEW
YORK.
in
lower quarantine, where Lieutenant Piiiiip died on the

ship on the night of Sept. 2, 1862, but not until
the Assembly, in which body he soon became a leading

influential
fall
b'lspital
and
member.
he had looked once luore upon the faces of his wife and
brother,
^Vs
In the
of 1831 he was elected to the State Senate,
who had hastened

officer.
;
to
meet
liim.
receiving in his district the large majority of over seven
an
Lieutenant Philip was brave, vigilant, and

as a citizen, patriotic
thousand
five
hundred
addition
votes.
self sacrificing
as a
and public-spiriled
;
In the Senate he served four years, during the whole of
man, he was both just and generous

and
faithful.
as a friend, warra-
which time,
in
to
other duties, he was a

last three
member
liearted
At
his death the military
committee
of the judiciary committee, and for the
years was
of Columbia county, through their chairman, the late Judge
chairman of the bank committee.

It
Henry Hogebooui, presented

services,
a scries of suitable resolutions
was
also
during his senatorial term that the subject

out of the forcible resistance of
of iiigh appreciation of his character, respect for his public
of nullification, arising
and sincere grief
at his loss.
The Agricultural
to
South Carolina
to the tariff laws, occupied the public
mind.
the
and Horticultural Association, of which he had been unanimously elected the

first
joint committee of the two houses was raised on
president,
and
which he had deofficer,
matter, and Mr.
Edmonds was
member on
the part of the
voted his untiring energy and zeal us an executive

also passed resolutions of respect
Senate.
An
elaborate report, drawn
up by Mr. Van Burcn,
and condolence.
late
then Vice-President of the
United States, was made by
We
a
cannot better
clo.se this
brief sketch than by quoting
Nathaniel
P. Tallmadge, the chairman of the committee.
few of the heart-felt words of his friend, the
Stephen
About
that time Mr. Tallmadge was elected to the United

nullification
Burrell, in an obituary notice contributed to the

Jijuriial
New York
and
States Senate, and opposition to his report on
of Commerce
unexpectedly arising, the defense of
it
fell
upon Mr. Ed-
"
The
respect of the aged, the honor of the good
monds.
The debate
lasted
more than a week, during which

side.
wi.se,
the love of the purest
and
best, shall hallow his grave.
time the judge stood alone against six of the most prominent senators on
the
It shall
be wet with the tears of the poor and lowly, and

in
other
The
result
was the
his
memory
the hearts of us
all
shall
blossom
all
the
adoption of the report by an overwhelming majority.
year and keep green forever."
In the
summer
to
of 1836
eflfect
he was appointed by General

the treaty with the
Jackson
carry into
Ottawa
JOHN W. EDMO^fDS.
Worth Edmonds, was burn March 13, 1799,
Joiin
at
and Cliippeica
tribes of Indians.
to
This business took him

with
during the summer

son of General Samuel Edmonds,
in the city
Michilimackinac, where for nearly

over six
two months he was encamped

natives.
relation to other
bundled
in
of Hudson.
His early
In the ensuing year he received appointments

tribes
;
education was obtained at private schools and at the academy
but
in
the
fall
of 1837 he reto
Hudson, where he prepared
for college.
In October, 1814,
linquished them, and removed from
Hudson
New
York,
he entered the .sophomore
class of Williamti College,
Mas-
where he resumed the practice of law, and almost immediately found himself in an extensive
sachusetts, but in 1815 he solicited his dismissal from that

institution,
and profitable business.
and entered Union College, at Schenectady,

in
In April, 1843, without any solicitation on his part, he
where he graduated
July,
1816.
at
On
leaving college
was appointed by Governor Bouck an

prison at Sing Sing.
It
in.spector of the State
he began the study of the law
Cooperstown with George

After
to
was with much hesitation that he
Monell, Esq., afterwards chief-justice of Michigan.
accepted this unthankful task.
The
labor was indeed herin
remaining
at
that place about six
months he returned
in the office of
culean, as scarcely any discipline was maintained

prison,
the
Hudson, where he studied two years
Monell
and the earnings
fell
short of the expenses by over

a great change was
& Van
Burcn,
Burcn.
fall
840,000.
office
But within eighteen months

strict
In the
in
of 1819 he entered the
of Martin
Van
eflfectcd
discipline
was introduced and maintained

than a tenth part of the former
Albany.
He
continued with the ex-President,
among
sum.
the prisoners, and the annual deficiency in the reveto less
residing in his family", until

to
May, 1820, when he returned
nue was reduced
Hudson and entered upon the practice of the law. He roniinued at Hudson until his removal to New York, in
-N'ovcmbcr, 1837.
This task, however, was easy
in
comparison with a reform
of a different character which he sought to introduce. he was appointed a lieutenant

fur
in
He
At
years,
the age of nineteen
found that fur more than
fifteen
in
years the system of gov-
the militia, which
commission he held
about
his
fifteen
ernment which had prevailed
our State prisons was one
when he obtained the command of

he resigned
in
regiment.
purely of force, and where no sentiment was sought to be
This
office
1828, on being appointed, by De

Hud.soii.
awakened
ence.
in
the breast of the prisoner but that of fear,
'
Witt Clinton, recorder of
and no duty exacted from him but that of implicit obedi-
At
D.
an early ago he took an active part in politics as a

first
No
instrument of punishment was
u.sed
but the
worst
Democrat, and the

Tora|)kins,
vote he ever gave was for Daniel

for
whip, which
had the
effect
of arousing only the
who
ran
governor
against
De Witt
passions of both convicts and officers,
a practice of
abomi-
Clinton.
nable cruelty, long engrafted upon our penitentiary system,

revolting to humanity, and destructive tu
all
In 1830 he was elected by the Democrats of Columbia
hope of re-
forming the prisoner. So thoroughly had

CoinpileJ from a nutice of Judg
Uiugraphicul .Sketch-Buuk."
Eilinoud:!
Id
it
become engrafted
the
that the most experienced officers, insisted that there
was
nu other
mode by which order could
be kept.

Passion, prejudice, and selfishness
obstacles in the
all
NEW YORK.
In the prime of
life,
107
combined
to
its
place
pro-
very sudden.
ness,
without previous sick-
way of
this proposed
it
reform, and
gress
in
was very slow.

the
Yet
steadily advanced,
and when,
he was stricken down by an apoplectic attack, and died in his bed-chamber while a court-room thronged with
suitors
1845, Mr.
in
Edmonds
full
resigned the oflace of inspector, his

tide of success,
and counsel awaited
his coming.
system was
and has been con-
A
who
"
friend
tinued by his successors to the present time.
himself a
received
who had known bim from boyhood intimately, distinguished member of the New York bar, and
him
a little
On
the 18th of February, 1845, Mr.
Edmonds
followed
more than a year
thereafter, wrote
the appointment of circuit judge of the

place of
first circuit, in
the
the following
held until June, 1847,
Judge Kent, who had resigned. That office lie when he was elected a judge of the
the organization of the judiciary, under the
He
has fallen instantly, and unwarned,
in
fullness of
his vigor and his ripe

well
Supreme Court.
manhood, with harness on, his record made up, unbowed by sickness or disease, unbroken in
or body, honored
Upon
State
justice
new
mind
by
his profession, lamented by his

all."
constitution.
Judge Edmonds was nominated for of the Supreme Court by the bar of New York and
peers, loved
by his friends, respected by
by the
Tammany
party, and
was elected by a majority exThis result was gratifying,
EDWARD PITKIN COWLES,

the eldest son of the Rev. Pitkin and Fanny Smith Cowles, graduated at Yale College in 1836, and shortly after began the study of law in the office of the late Hon. Ambrose L.
ceeding any of his colleagues.
not only to him, but to the public, inasmuch as during his
judgeship he had made several decisions that warred upon

popular prejudice, amd immediately before his election he
had, with others of the Democratic party, protested against
Jordan, at Hudson, N. Y.
In January, 1840, he was admitted to the bar, and to practice, his brother, David S. Cowles, joining
as law partner soon after.
at
the admission of Texas into the Union, as eminently calculated

to
began
lead to a
war with Mexico, and
to perpetuate the
him
For the thirteen succeedplace,
extension
of slavery.
His course was
justified
by his
ing years he continued

zealously to the study
this
devoting
himself
triumphant election by the public, who honored him for his
and practice of
his profession, taking
independence of character.
duties
ent,
in
In the discharge of his judicial

fearless
also an active part in the political affairs of the
county and
Judge Edmonds was always

which
particular he
and independto
State.
He
soon became
known
as one of the strong
men
was ofken compared
the
in
celebrated Sir
Matthew Hale.
altogether, he
He
was especially gifted
of Columbia county, at a bar which is and has been justly famous, and here laid the foundation of that which led to
the art of communicating to others what he himself

or
felt
;
knew
honor and preferment.

In 1852 he married Sarah, daughter of Justus Boies, of
and,
was a man of rare though
somewhat
eccentric talents.
Northampton, Mass. (by
whom
he had four children,
all
of
whom
WILLIAM
was born
at Catskill,
late
survive him), and the following year removed to the
A.
in
PORTER
the year 1827.
city of
N. Y.,
He
was
governor, justice of the

a
grandson to the
Rev. David Porter, of that place.

to
He
in 1855 he was appointed, by the Supreme Court of this State, to fill vacancy caused by the death of Judge Edwards, and at
New
York.
Early
was nephew
also
on his maternal side
Judge Henry
York, lately dein
the close of his term was again appointed to
fill
the vacancy
Ilogcboom, of the Supreme Court of

ceased.
New
caused by the death of Judge Morris.
Both he and his brothers were distinguished

life,
appointment a contest arose,

election should
test
Over the second the point being made that an

to
fill
their respective callings in
his brother
John A.
Porter,
have been held

in
the
office.
This con-
now
deceased, having become a leading professor at Yale
Judge Cowles met

as to obtain for
such a high-minded, dignified
College, his brother
Henry
C. Porter, also
111.,
now deceased,
manner
tagonist.
him the esteem and admiration of
an influential merchant at Sheffield,
and his brother
the whole community, and the wiirm friendship of his an-
Charles H. Porter a 'prominent physician at Albany, N. Y.
In his youth he lost both parents, and was thus thrown

early in
life
On
his retirement
from the bench he wns occupied for
upon his own personal

in
efforts
and resources.
several years almost exclusively in hearing
and deciding
He
began the study of law

at
the office of
Judge
Ilogc-
causes referred to
him by the
courts,
and during the whole
boom,
Hudson, Columbia
to
admitted
the bar.
Co., N. Y., and in 1846 was At the age of twenty-seven he was
latter part of his life did a large counsel busine.ss.
During
after-
the course of his practice, Hon.
John M. Barbour,
advanced
to
the position of district attorney of Columbia
wards
cliief-justice
of the
New York
Superior Court, was at
county, and
won the
respect of
all
for inflexible integrity
and marked
self in
ability in office.
In 1856 he established him-
one time associated with him. He was an earnest and ardent

the
patriot,
and throughout
Chicago, wliich was thenceforward his home, where,
War
of the Rebellion
made
his influence felt in favor of
alter
some
ten years' practice of law in
that city, he was
the northern cause.
elevated to the bench of the Superior Court of

III.,
Cook
Co.,
and continued judge of that court the remainder of his

being at the time of his death
its
In December, 1864, he delivered a memorable speech before the Chamber of Commerce of New York city, on the occasion of the testimonial to Admiral
Farragut, and his predictions, which then seemed remarkwhat might be the event of the conduct
life,
chief-justice.
In
1859 he married the youngest daughter of Justus Boies, Esq., of Northampton, Mass., by whom he had one son,
able, in regard to
who
survives them both, Mrs. Porter having died in 1871.
of Great iSritain towards the United States, were verified In speaking upon that subnot ten years after at Geneva.
ject he used these
Judge Porter's death, which occurred Oct. 27, 1873, was
words
" Sir,
it is
perhaps not for us now
108

which conceals the future from
us to believe that souie
NEW YORK.
to seek to penetr.ue the veil
of the pleasure the two experienced at meeting again, of
our view.
But
it
may be permitted
it
hopes and plans for the future, of the sadness of parting,
time hereafter, wlien this Rebellion shall have been suppressed, as in time
will be,
and of the return home.

finally
Then
be
a space for
many
is
days, with
and when
its
suppression shall
in
all
an attempt
to writ again, followed

to
filled,
by a blank which
have been followed by the restoration of the Union

integrity, as
its
was never attempted

than words.
and which
more
elocjuent
under the blessing of God
it
is
our unalterable
purpose
it
shall be,
our cousins upon the opposite side of

invited by our government to a
Judge Cowles continued

until
to
practice in
in
New York
city
the Atlantic
may then be
his death,
which occurred
his return
his
59th year. Dec. 2,

trip to California.
friendly conference over the devastations of our
commerce
187-t, at Chicago, on
from a
caused by these illustrations of their duties as a neutral
At the meeting of
Court
in the
first
the next general terra of the

district, a
Supreme
to his
power during our grapple with a gigantic Rebellion."

Hi.s patriotic
warm
;
tribute
was paid
feelings,
and determination that the Rebelcost,
memory by
the bench and bar
tlie
court adjourned,
its
and
com-
lion
should be put down at whatever
had been inten-
ordered a record to be
made upon
minutes
in
sified
by the
loss
of his dearly-loved and gallant brother,
memoration of him.
Colonel David Smith Cuwles,
who was
killed while in
com-
At
the bar
Judge Cowles was an advocate
in the highe.it
mand
works
of and leading an attacking force upon the enemy's

at
sense of that word, striving only to evolve the truth from

the controversy in which he was engaged, remarkable also
for a vigorous
Port Hudson, La.
In April, 1SG3,
Judge Cowles
had
visited
New
Orleans, and while there the two brotliers
and comprehensive grasp and appreciation of

In his practice he was inflexibly
had passed the greater part of the time together, sharing the same tent, and riding out frequently to reviews and
inspection. On the 12th he took steamer for New York, and was accompanied to the wharf by his brother. They exchanged signals as the steamer passed slowly down
the equity of the case.

honest.
His decisions while on the bench were but the

that end disregarding artificial and
camp
offspring of these principles, his sole desire being that right
should triumph, and

technical obstacles.
to
the river
in
the twilight, the white

in
kepi which
Colonel
In public
life
he was pure,
in private life gentle
and kind,
Cowles wore being distinguishable

time.
It
the darkness for
some
Christian gentleman.
left
Of him
it
may
be truly said
was their
last interview.
field
Six weeks
later Colonel
that he
tijne.
his impress
for good.
upon the laws and manners of his

events by
Cowles died on the

an account nf this
of battle.
pocket-diary contains
jiid
I.mc
and that
trip to
NV-w
Oilcms
k.
It
spcak.s
Towards the
close of his
life,
referring to
its

request of an old Yale classmate, he penned the following
lines,
NEW YORK.
JOSEPH
D.
109
.MOXELL.
in
which
fitly
express the devout and cheerful sentiments

:
This distinguished lawyer was born
Claverack in the
by which he was ever moved

to truly say,
" Profoundly grateful for

I
year 1781, and was the son of Dr. George Monell, a very
such an unusual blending of blessings,
may
be permitted
life its
eminent physician of his day.

of the law
in
He commenced
of
the study
my
days have had their briglitness, and
the office of Jacob Rutsen

office
joys."
and afterwards entered the
Van Rensselaer, Peter Van Schaack.

and
first
By
JOSEPH GILBERT PALEN
was born
at Palenville,
his early associations, the adaptability of his mind,
his close application to studies, his profession.
he attained the
rank in
Greene Co., N. Y., July 25, 1812.
His ancestors were from Holland.
He was
educated at
Mr. Monell always occupied a prominent position

political
affairs
in the
Kindcrhook Academy and

at Y'ale
office
at
Amherst
College, and was also
of the county, although he would

office.
never
and Harvard.
He
studied law at Huison, in the
accept a prominent
He
first
was recorder of the city of

;
of Ambrose L. Jordan, whose good opinion he soon won,
Hudson from 1811

in
to
1813, and from 1815 to 1821

election of President
was
and with
life.
whom
he maintained a
warm
friendship through
presidential elector at the
Monroe,
two con;
He
was admitted
to practice in
1838, and immediately
1816;
w;is district
attorney in 1818; was

in
member of
formed a law-partnership with Allen Jordan, Esq., doing

with him an extensive and successful practice in the city of Hudson
practice he
for
the Assembly from this county
1824
was
for
secutive terms elected county clerk,
in
several years.
Soon after commencing

in
was three years supervisor of the

a
city,
1828 and 1831 and for many years
was appointed a master
chancery.
In 1842
commissioner of loans of this county.
he was the candidate of the
Whig
party in the district

;
He
ber,
died
in
the city of
composed of Columbia and Greene, for Congress and although defeated received a vote much larger than that of
the party.
his
1861.
At
a meeting of
Hudson on the 17th of Septemmembers of the Columbia

on the following day,
decease of Joseph D.
to
county
bar, held at the court-house
In 1848 failing health compelled him,

that of his
friends,
to
much
to
Judge Theodore Miller

Monell
vibrate
is
said,
"
The
own
regret and
to
abandon the
In 1853
an event which has caused a pang of sorrow
practice of the law.
He removed
in
Ancram, and there
throughout the whole community.
He
has for
passed several years
retirement upon his farm.
many
years occupied a high position as a lawyer and a
he was the Republican candidate for county judge of Co-
citizen,
and
in his
death the profession and the circle of his
lumbia county, but was defeated.

to
In 1861, having returned
numerous
"
friends have sustained an irreparable loss.

its
Hudson
to reside,
he was appointed postmaster of the

until 1869,
native of this county, he has been identified with
city,
which position he held

and
when he was
up
to the
ap-
early history,
and associated
in
his profes-sional career with
pointed chief-justice of the
Supreme Court of the
Territory
the great
of
New Mexico
this position he filled
time
He was
away
the compeer of
men who have conferred high honor upon it. Van Buren, Van Ness, Williams,
of his death, which occurred at Santa Fe, Dec. 21, 1875.
Spencer, and others, most of

to their final
whom
have long since passed
Judge Palen was

pression to them.
man of strong
convictions and positive

in
account, leaving behind them an en-
opinions, and was emphatic
and determined
giving ex-
during fame.
Amidst such an array of genius he comlife,
Attiiched and faithful to his friends, he

to his enemies,
menced
his professional
which was lengthened out
to
was frankly and strongly opposed
man
of
an unusual pertod. Monell was engaged
For upwards of half a century Mr.

in
moral as well as physical courage, shrinking from the per-
a large and lucrative practice, and
formance of no duty, and not deterred by any danger.
He
during that time
filled
high places of public trust conferred
was without the elements of general popularity

notoriety,
he avoided
on him by his fellow-citizens.

credit to himself
He
filled
these offices with
and was averee His

tastes
to all
demonstrations in honor of
life
and
to the entire satisfaction of the public.
himself
and mode of
were modest and simple,

In politics he was
" It was his

tion.
own choice
that he attained no higher posi-
and his habits studious and
reflective.
Naturally diffident, he shrank intuitively from the
a Republican of the radical school.
high places of distinction outside his native county, and
As
a lawyer he was distinguished for his quick appre-
which
have reason
if desired,
to believe
would have been conferred

that his place of usefulness
hension, his accurate and extensive knowledge, his careful
on him
tendered.
but which he refused to accept when

feel
and thorough preparation, and
skill
and success
to
in
the arguto the
He
appeared to
ment of
his causes.
His mind seemed
be adapted
was
fill
in
an humbler sphere.
With
talents
and
ability to
investigation and comprehension of legal principles, and to
the highest offices
of honor and trust in the land, he
reach correct conclusions almost by intuition.
He
rarely
generously declined them, and was content to confine his

labors to his
made
a mistake.
As
a practitioner, in
tlie
equity courts
own immediate neighborhood.
It
was
for
particularly, he
was regarded by the older and more enprofession as being one of

tiie
others and not fur himself that he toiled.
How many
are
lightened
members of the
respect.
now
living
who owe
their success and elevation to his in-
ablest at the bar.
His opinions were always accepted by
defatigable labors?
How many
The
has he pushed forward to

self-
them with great

just, independent,
cisions,
He
was an enlightened judge,
eminence and distinction with a disinterestedness and

sacrifice rarely
and conscientious.
Prompt
in
his
de-
witnessed?
field
of his labors was in

as
having
in view, in all his adjudications, the
promo-
the
more quiet walks of the profession,
he purposely
tion of truth
and
justice,
he acquired an enviable reputation,
avoided those of a public character, yet they were marked
and was recognized wherever ho was known as an ornament

to the judiciary of the coiintry.
I
by striking characteristics which

passed."
have never been
sur-

KILLIAN MILLER
was descended from Holland ancestry, and was born
in tlie
NEW
fall
YORK.
of that year he removed to Syracuse,
to practice in
1827.
In the
N. Y., and was soon admitted
the court of
town of Claverack, July 30, 1785. He received his education at the select academy in Claverack taught by Andrew Mayfield Carshore, an accomplished and successful
teacher of that period.
common
pleas
and the Supreme Court of the State.
In
1829 he formed a law partnership with the late B. Davis Noxon, which continued till 1850, the firm becoming one
of the most prominent in that portion of the State.
He
studied law in the office of

at Claverack,
He
Jacob Rulsen Van Rensselaer,
and was adlie
was compelled
on account of
to relinquish practice in the

ill
last-named year
mitted to the bar about the year 1807, soon after wliich
health.
From 1838
its
to
1841 inclusive he
established himself in business at the village of John-stown,
held the office of president of the village of Syracuse, and

in
town of Livingston,
until the year 1833,
in
this county.
He
remained there
1849 was
elected as
mayor,
it
having been incorpoIn 1850 he was elected
when he removed
to the city of
Hudson,
Joseph
;
rated a city in the preceding year.

to the
where he died, Jan. 9, 1859. He, in conjunction with Ambrose

Lord, represented
again in 1828-2S(.
this
Assembly, and during his term was chairman of the

salt
L. Jordan and
committee on
office
manufacture.
He was named
in
for the
county
in the
Asi-cmbly of 1825-26
of comptroller by Governor Fish
1850, but, being
He
represented the county in the AsS. Peters.
ineligible
by reason of membership
in
the Assembly, his
sembly with Elisha Williams and Abel

elected county clerk in 1837,
He
was
name was withdrawn.
In 1851 he was tendered the nomiIn 1353 he was elected secre-
and
in
1855 was
elected to
nation for attorney-general or judge of the court of appeals,
Congress from this
district,
proving himself an influential
but declined these honors.

tary of state.
and able member during the two years of his term. Mr. Miller was a man of mark in his day. He was
greatly distinguished as a lawyer, and
tion
In 185G ho was again elected to the As-
sembly, and served as chairman of the committee on canals,
won a
solid
reputa-
and a member of that on

select
baiik.s,
as well as cliairmaa of the

tax.
and a prominent place among the many talented and brilliant men who adorned the bar of Columbia county, and made it celebrated throughout the State.
committee on the equalization of the State

in the
In
1859 he was again mayor of Syracuse, and

was defeated
state.
same year
the board
as a candidate for the office of secretary of
As
a lawyer he was noted for his persevering industry,
In 1860 he was appointed a

in
member of
his tact
and discrimination
in
the
trial
of his causes, his

principles,
of quarantine commissioners, and

tlie
1801 became one of
profound knowledge of
his loyalty to his client,
men
as well as of legal
regents of the university, and was nominated and con-
long practice in this

efforts
and the great success which, in a and adjoining counties, crowned his
firmed as commissioner on the part of the United States
government under the convention with the government of
as an
advocate.
He was
in
never eloquent, in the
New
Granada, and served until the dissolution of the comIn 1865 he was
ordinary sense of the

earnestness
term, but there was a vigor and

his thought
in his
mission, in 1862.
made
president of the
and pungency
and language,
board of commissioners appointed by the governor to locate

the State A.sylura for the Blind, and the
tee of the State
and a quickness and directness

theories,
conceptions and
same year a
in
trus-
and a stern
logic in
all
his views, which
made
Asylum
for Idiots,
and
1867 a
trustee
him
able.
a most dangerous antagonist.
The mind
far-reaching
that would
of Hamilton College.
In 1872 he was one of the board of

in
venture in collision with his must be daring as well as
commissioners to amend the State constitution, and
the
He had
those
broad and
powers of
same year received the honorary degree of LL.D. from

Hamilton College.
mind which enable
the possessor to command the elements of legal philosophy and to create a jurisprudence of his own.
He
was
elected to the Forty-fourth Congress on the
Reth'
publican ticket, to represent the district comprising

counties of
He
was well
known throughout
the
State,
and was
Onondaga and Cortland, but declined

life
to accept
thoroughly identified with the people of his own section. Of popular manners and irreproachable integrity, governed
a renomination, though urged to do so.
In his earlier
he interested himself
much
in military
by generous and manly impulses, able and ingenuous, no one who knew Killian Miller in his prime would deny him
the pos-sessiun of any of the qualities which illustrate the
learned and honorable lawyer of the old school.
matters, and, being commissioned a lieutenant of artillery

in
1832, he passed rapidly through the intervening grades

of brigadier-general, to which rank he was appointed
to
to that
in
1836, and assigned
the
command
of the Seventh
iti
Brig;ide of Artillery.
lie resigned his commission
1841.
ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH.
Elias
He
Dec. 20, 1803.
is
at
present one of the most prominent and distin-
Warren Leavenworth, son of Dr. David Leavenin
guished citizens of the city of Syracuse.
worth, was born
Canaan,
in this county,
At
the age of sixteen he entered the Hud.son

in
Academy,
DR.
..
OAKLEY VANDERPOEL,
At an
early age he completed
then
charge of Rev. Dr. Parker, and
in
the following
the son of a physician of considerable celebrity, was born at
year he entered the sophomore class at Williams College, and, after spending a year there, entered the same class at
Yale.
Kinderhook, Feb. 22, 1824.

entered upon
his preparatory training in the

liis
Kinderhook Academy, and
In 1824 he was graduated with the de;;ree of Bach-
collegiate course in the University of

its
New
elor of Arts,
and
in
due time received that of A..M.

.Mass.,
He
York.
He
returned with
diploma
to
begin the study of
commenced
at
ihe study of law with William Cullen Bryant,
medicine with his father, and after a thorough course he
Great Barrington,
and after a short time entered

till
graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1845.

In
the law school at LitcliMd, Conn., where he remained
1847 he went
to Paris
to
pursue his studies, remain-

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUiNTY,
ing abroad
till
NEW
YORK.
knowu
in the history
Ill
1850
then returned and settled in Albany, In 1837
of
all
well and favorably
of the State
where he soon became noted as a physician.
New
and three years
Governor King appointed him surgeon-general of the State, later he was chosen president of the Albany
tive to
But no man among them was more attenthe interests of his constituents or more influential
York.
than William H. Tobey.
County Medical Society, and re-elected the following year. In 1861 he was again appointed surgeon-general of the
State
;
In the year 1841 he was appointed by Governor Seward

surrogate of this county, and discharged the duties of that
office
this
time by Governor Morgan.
The opening of
most arduous
be judged
for
four years
to the
perfect satisfaction not only
the
one.
War
of the Rebellion
made
this position a
of
in
all
suitors in that court, but of the public at large,
and
The magnitude of
fact that there
the responsibility
may
such a manner as
to offer a sure protection to the im-
from the
were between six and seven hunto
portant interests which were constantly submitted for his

consideration.
dred positions upon the medical staff

capable
officers.
be kept
filled
with
A
to
still
more
significant testimony is
em-
In 1853 the Union Bank of Kinderhook was organized.
bodied in the statement that at one time the surgeon-general
Mr. Tobey was

in that position
at once elected its president,

till
and continued
was called upon
make over
five
hundred appointments
in
his death.
The
peculiarly successful
the space of six weeks.
His successful administration of
career of that institution, the

all its
harmony which has pervaded

it
this office elicited the official approval of both the secretary
management, and the uniformly high credit which

in
of war and the governor of the State, and constitutes an
has maintained must be attributed,

the wise counsels and judicious
officer.
no small degree,
its
to
important chapter
in the record
of the part taken by
New
management of
presiding
York
in the great conflict.
In November, 1861, after an exciting contest, Mr.

elected senator from the counties of
flattering majority
In 1867 he was appointed to the chair of General Pathol-
Tobey was
votes.
Columbia
ogy and Clinical Medicine
in the
Albany Medical
College,
and Dutchess, by the
of nine hundred
which he held
State Lunatic
for
three years, and then
resigned.
At
about the same time he was appointed a manager of the
The
the
Asylum
at Utica,
and
in
February, 1870, was
judiciary committee was then, as it is now, one of most important Senate committees, and upon that
in
elected president of the Medical Society of the State of
New
committee he was placed,
conjunction with Judges Fol-
York, the highest recognition

sional brethren to bestow.
in
the power of his profes-
ger and Willard and Mr. Ganson,
men
distinguished at
the bar, on the bench, and in political
life.
Questions of
In 1872 he was called by Governor Hoffman to take
the gravest interest not only to the State, but to the natioD,
charge of the quarantine department of the port of
New
were constantly discussed and decided during the whole of

his official term.
York
as health-officer of the port.

responsibility,
It
is
a position of great
The country was then

existence;
its
passing through
power and
but
in the discharge of its duties
the
crisis
of
its
very
life
was at stake; and

to a
Dr. Vanderpoel has given the highest satisfaction to merchants and others connected with the commerce of the
city.
the means of preserving that

great extent, by the
life
were to be furnished,
Empire
State.
No man among
in
his
In January, 1876, he was elected to the chair of Theory
brother senators could be found, in those trying days, more

continually at his post of duty, or
and Practice of Medicine
in the
Albany Medical
College,
more earnest
the de-
a position which, with his duties as health-officer, ho has

since earnestly sustained.
termination to vindicate the authority of the law and sustain the government, than the senator
from Columbia and
Dutehess.
He comprehended
his
as fully
and
clearly as did
WILLIAM
was born
in the city
in
H.
TOBEY
any one of
compeers
all
the delicate questions that were
of Hudson, in this county, on the 1st

the year 179'J.
daily arising, brought to their consideration and solution

all
day of January,
He
received an aca-
the powers of his vigorous mind, and ripe and mature
demic and
collegiate education, decided
upon the profession

office
studies and experience, and never failed to shed light
upon
the
of the law as his pursuit, studied in the
of Judge
any subject which he discussed.

Senate
it
Of
in his
his
career in
James Vanderpoel, and

but
finally settled in
after his admission to the bar prac-
can be truthfully said,

to
own
words, which
ticed for a short time in
Rochester and
in
New
iiis
Lebanon,
he applied
his
lamented friend, Judge Willard, " he
Kinderhook, which was

Early
in his
home
for
threw
all
his influence
on the side of the government, the
nearly half a century.
professional career he
in
constitution, and the laws,

his vote on
all
and cheerfully lent
his voice
and
formed a partnership with Hon. Aaron Vanderpoel, and
occasions to sustain the sovereignty of the
1843 became associated

nolds,
late
in
business with
John H. Reylasted
until
Union and
to
crush out the rebellion."

all
commissioner of appeals.
in
This
Deeply interested from early manhood in

affecting national
(|uestions
1851, and
1856 the law firm of Tobey
&
Silvester was
Silvester.
and State
in
polities,
he was
clear, decided,
re-
formed by his partnership with the Hon. Francis

1878.
In 1837 he was elected a
and unwavering
his views.
While the Whig party

its
This continued until his death, which occurred June IG,
mained
in
existence
he was one of
its
most ardent and
member of Assembly,
session, on
energetic supporters, one of
most valued and trusted

and a warm and active
and from the commencement of the

January, 1S38,
till
the 2d of
in
leaders in this section of the State,
its
close,
on the 18th day of April
advocate of
its
policy
and candidates.
that year, diligently devoted himself to the performance of

his legislative duties.
When
one of
the Republican party was organized, he became

earliest
its
In the
as
appear such
names
mumbers of that body Luther Bradish, John A. King,

list
of
its
and most
efficient
members, and conhim.
tinued true to
principles
till
death.
George W. Patterson, David B. Ogden, and Preston King,
The cause of education found
warm
advocate
in

He
was, at the time of his deatli,
and had beeo
for
many
1791.
years, president of the board of trustees of
Kinderhook
for
Schaack, John P. Van Ness, John
Academy; he was
its
deeply interested in
all
that pertained to
Jacob Rutsen Van Kensselaer, Henry Van Van Hoesen Huyck. 1792. Barent Hoes, Barent Van Buren, Daniel WhitC.
welfare,
and
eonstaiitiy ready to labor
and contribute
ing.
its
advancement.
1793. ElLsha
Mr.
Williams.
I.
As
lawyer
in
Tobey
was
well
read,
thorouglily
1794. 1795.
James
John
Van
Alen.
grounded
the principles of the law, devoted to the inter-
Champlin.
Ness, Philip Gebhard, Garret
ests of his clients, sparing
no study in the investigation of

B.
the cases committed to his charge, and entering upon the

preparation and trial of every cause with which
intrusted,
1796. William W. Van Van Ness.

1797.
he was
with
energetic
zeal
and
keen
discrimination.
1798.
Barent Gardenier. Francis

S. Parker,
Silvester, Jr.
During
names.
his long years of practice, the roll of
members of
the bar of Columbia county contained
many
distinguished
1799. Wm. P. Van Ness. 1801. Elisha Holly, Thomas Bay.

John King.
But
to
it
is
doing no injustice to those now num-
bered with himself
among
the departed, or those
who
still
remain
bear the heat and burden of the day, to claim
that he has been surpas.scd by none of his conipeera and

associates
in
all
the various
qualifications
and essentials
Philip 1803. Francis Monell, Cornelius 1804. Thomas

1802. 1806.
David Knapp, Ebenezer Foote,
Pruyn, Matthew Cantine, Joseph D.

P.
Van
Ness.
P. Grosvenor.
necessary to constitute the useful, trustworthy, honored,
Cornelius Beekman, Daniel Rodman.
and distinguished lawyer and counselor.
1807. Killian Miller, John Woodward. 1808. Abraham P. Iloldridge, James Vanderpoel. 1810. Cornelius Miller, James Strong, James H. Ham-
ilton, Ju.stus
McKinstry.
CHAPTER
THE BAR.
XII.
Abraham A. Van Buren. 1813. Thomas Beekman, Benjamin

1811.
F. Butler.
1814.
THE PKOFESSION8-THE PRESS.

The
one.
Thomas K. Baker, Moses

J. Bill.
J. Cantine.
1815. James
1816.
Te.xas),
Chester
Ashley
(United States senator from
David Van Schaack, Austin Abbott, Benjamin P.
bar of Columbia county has always been a noted

its
Johnson.
1817.
1818.
On
in
roll
of attorneys appear names which have
been
the past household words, and whose fame has entlie
John
B. Dexter, Julius WMlcoxson.

Bushnell,
riched the annals of
State and nation.
Campbell
Reuben Rowley, Chester
Beale, Daniel B. Tallmadge.

life,
From
the highest place in the gift of; the people, downofficial
ward through almost every grade of

has been represented with honor.
this bar
1819. William Ovorbaugh, John W. Edmonds. 1820. James H. Teaekle, Wra. H. Tubey, Aaron Vanderpoel,
iMany of
its illustrious
Ambrose
L. Jordan, Charles Waldo.

F. Barstow, Allen Jordan.
members
filling
in the
past have personal
mention elsewhere
in
1821.
these pages, and
many
of
its
present
members are worthily
David
the high places vacated by their predecessors.
Ou
1822. Robert H.
1823.
Morris.
the
roll
of the Columbia bar there
is
to-day no lack of
names which might properly be written beside the eminent

ones of the past, but such mention
is
Stebbins.
not within
tlie
scope
and plan of
this work.
The
roll
of attorneys
its
who have had
a residence in the
county from
organization to the present time, as gath-
Chester 1825. Eleazer Root, Chas. 1826. Nathan Chamberlain. Van 1827. John 1828. Rutsen Van
Sturtevant.
Jr.,
Esselstyn, Cyrus
M.
B.
Ness.
J.
Rensselaer, Jr., Darius Peck.
1829. Russell
G. Door,
Chas.
B.
Dutcher,
ered from the records of the courts, and revised by several
W. W.
Brodhead, Carroll Livingston.
of the oldest practitioners of the Columbia bar,

lows
:*
is
as fol-
1S30 Wheeler
vester,
H. Clarke, Josiah Sutherland. John

Jr.,
Gaul, Jr., John Snyder, John Sanders,

Ezekiel
(Jilbert,
('.
178G. John Bay,

Rensselaer, Peter
Killian
Van Schaack, John

L.
Van Wynkoop, MynK.
Peter H. Sil-
Henry Hogeboom,
B.
Mtirtin \'aii
Deusen, Peter
Van
Schaack, Jr.
dert P. Vosburgh, Elisha Pratt.
17H7.
1788.
Hezekiah Hostner. Spencer, Martin

Aiubro.se
I.saac
1831. Robert
\'an
Monell,
Wm.
H. Freeland, G. C.
Heeriuance, James Burt,
W.
D. Henderson.
Buren, Thomas
1832.
Cooper, Philip L. Hoffman,
Onos.
George
G. Bull, Josiah
W.
Fairfield,
James
Sutherland. Jr.
17811. Francis
Silvester,
Elihu Cliauncey Goodrich.

Peter L.
1833.
1790. John W. Livingston.

'The
date given
C.
-Schuyler.
Van Alcn, Peter
James Storm, A. Underhill,

W.
Bulkeley.
C. Halscy.
Ambrose
S. Russell,
.\lonzo Greene, George
1834.- E.
1835.
is
the date of rhc
.i.
i.-sion
to the
Columbia
Robert
C.
Van
Rensselaer,
Robert
L.
Dorr,
county courts, as cvidi'nccd by Ihc Jignali

of the court, or the first a[i|.earancc iu the
on the parchment-roll
urt for business.
Edwin
C. Litchfield.
IS36 Jo.seplius
D. Jordan, Daniel B. Cady.
ftoN.
jiNRy
HOCEBOOM
HON.
Hon. Henry Hogeboom,
and judicial capacities
for
late
HENRY HOGEBOOM.
Soon
office
judge of the Supreme
after
he
left college
he began the study of law

Day, eminent
in the
Court, was prominently before the public in various legal
of Messrs. Power
&
legal practitioners
more than
thirty years,
and came
in the village of Catskill,
and completed his course of legal
of distinguished ancestry.
lius
His grandfather, Hon. Corneoldest Knicker-
reading with Hon. Mr. Bnshnell, then a prominent lawyer

of Hudson.
Hogeboom, was a descendant of the
He was
admitted to practice in 1830, and in

his excellency,
bocker stock of the State.

sheriff
He
was
for several years high-
1831 was appointed by

governor of
Enos Throop, then

Immediately after
of Columbia county, and while an incumbent of
New
York, a master in chancery and one of

he was chosen by his
office
that
office,
and in the discharge of
official duties,
he was
the county judges of Columbia county.

his
killed
in the
town of Hinsdale,
in the
year 1791.
Hon.
appointment
to
this position
John
C.
man
of the purest integrity, and of
Hogeboom, the father of the judge, was commanding
a gentleinfluence
associates presiding
filled
judge of the county, which
he
with dignity and universal acceptance for three years.
in the county.
He
was high-sheriff
for
two terms, and
After the expiration of his judicial term he resumed the

active practice of his profession,
discharged the duties of that position with an energy,

fidelity,
becoming the law partner
and promptitude which won him universal com-
of Hon.
until the
mendation and respect.
He
was twice elected member of

;
Abraham Van Buren, with whom he continued death of Mr. Van Buren, in 1836. He then formed
While a partner with Mr. Monell, Judge
Assembly from
senator
;
his native county
was once elected State
a copartnership with Hon. Joseph D. Monell, which continued until 1845.
was a member of the old council of appointment

elector,
was presidential
est personal
and cast his
electoral vote for
Hon.
Hogeboom was
elected a
member
of Assembly from Co-
George Clinton, with

the old
whom he sustained relations of warmfriendship. He was also the first president of

the
this
lumbia county, and immediately upon the meeting of the

Legislature took rank
influential
with the ablest, purest, and most

that body.
Bank of Hudson, whose banking house was
members of
Soon
after the dissolu-
same building occupied by the subject of

until the time of his death.
biography
tion
of
the
partnership with
Mr. Monell, he became a
partner with Casper P. Collier, Esq., of
Hudson
subse-
Hon. Henry Hogeboom was
bom
in
Ghent, Columbia
quently with his favorite nephew, Hon. William A. Porter,

late chief justice
county, N. Y., on the 25th of February, 1809.
He
per-
of the superior court of Chicago

of
and
sued his academic studies preparatory
to entering college at
after the election
Mr. Porter
to
the
office
of district
the old academy in Hudson, and graduated at Yale College,

after a
full
attorney of Columbia county,
Judge Hogeboom became

late
course,
at
the early age of eighteen
years.
connected
in
law business with the
William Boies, Esq.
BIOGRAPHY OF HON. HENRY HOGEBOOM.

his soD-in-law, under the firm-name of
Hogeboom &
Boies.
force,
and
eloquence of his
gesticulation,
all
made
his
During
this period
that law firm
opened an
office in
the
re-
forensic eiForts masterpieces of excellence.
city of Albany.
This partnership continued until the

to the city of
He
and
was a profound lawyer, most

his application.
skillful
in
his analysis
all
moval of Mr. Boies
New
York, when Judge
felicitous in
His views on
legal
Hogeboom formed
steel,
a law partnership with the late P.

until the elevation of the
in
Boneto
questions were broad, and he seemed equally at the court in banc or before a jury.
which continued
former
the
home before No one who ever heard

impressiveness,
bench of the Supreme Court
1858.
his earliest
him when
fully aroused could
forget the
Judge Hogeboom had been from
manhood a
grace,
and power of
all in
his eflForts.
He
awed, captivated, and
member
of the Democratic party, and by that party was
charmed,
" veiled
one.
trial
Perhaps
of Mrs.
his grandest forensic effort
nominated for judge of the Supreme Court in 1847, his opponent being the late Hon. William B. Wright, who
received the certificate of election.
was upon the
Robertson,
known
as
the
murderess."
His
effort
then was masterly, and
In 1849 he was again
carried the case to a conviction.
nominated by the same party and opposed by the same candidate, and although the result was that Judge Wright
received the certificate of election, yet a legal investigation
His
ability
loif,
latest
and perhaps his greatest exhibition of judicial

trial
was upon the
of the notorious murderer,
Ruhis
at
Binghamton,
in
January, 1871.
Never
will
proved the exi.stence of frauds
in
Rensselaer county which
charge to the jury in that case be forgotten by any one
who
more than
finally
nullified the
one hundred majority claimed and
heard
it.
" It possessed
the grand conciseness of Lord

all
conceded to Judge Wright.
Mansfield, with the same majesty, serenity, and

placability of incarnate justice
itself,
the im-
In 1857, Judge Hogeboom was made the candidate of

a popular nomination in favor of an anti-partisan judiciary.
equally devoid of fa-
voritism or fear."
He was
indorsed by the Republican organization of the

district,
As
a judge he was
upright
and unapproachable, yet
Third Judicial
and elected by the overwhelming

in
suave, courteous, and conciliatory.
No
one suspected him
majority of twelve thousand
the district, his
own county
of favoritism or partiality
timidity.
no one accused him of fear of
giving him a majority of two thousand nine hundred, and

the town of Austerlitz, in that county, out of a popular
Above
all,
he believed when placed upon the

politician,
bench the judge should sink the

ability is certified to in every
is
and ignore
all
vote of two hundred and
four,
gave him a majority of
the arts of the partisan and the demagogue.
His judicial
two hundred and two.

In 1865 he was again elected by a large majority, and in
a district whose party majority was several thousand against
volume of our State reports

at his
universally recognized wherever he has borne aloft the
scales of iustice;
and was attested
death-hour
by
candidates on the same ticket.
the sad yet unanimous acclaim of the bar and bench of

in early life
Judge Hogeboom married
Miss Jane Eliza
the whole State and
city",
and by
all
the litigants
who had
Rivington, daughter of Colonel James Rlvington, of
New
ever been before him.
York, and granddaughter of John Rivington, Esq., of She was one of the most charmRevolutionary memory.
ing
As
man and
in
all,
a friend he was the kindest and truest.
Tender
towards
his domestic relations,
and generous and kind
women,
a lady of refinement, culture, grace, and great
he loved right better than success, and the proto
personal beauty.
The
peculiar elegance of her
manners
motion of justice better than
wear the laurels of glory.

bar, for
the soft and "gentle graces of her character; the sweetness
He was
never
loved by every
young member of the

their
feelings,
for
he
and
spotless purity of her Christian
life
and the delightful
wantonly
injured
or
unnecessarily
and fascinating amenity of her

favorite in every social circle,
disposition,
made her
checked any laudable ambition
advancement.
On
the
the favored object of de-
contrary, he unselfishly recognized and encouraged merit and

talent
voted friendahip and respectful admiration, and the pride

of
iier
wherever found, and gave a helping hand

in the
to aspiring
noble husband.
all
With the departure of

the joy and light of his
his
life
comfor a
youths
rugged and
life
difficult
paths of their profussion.
panion, in 1858, went
He
departed this
Sept. 12, 1372, in the sixty-third
time, and in the grave of that loved one he laid
away that
and her
year of his age, ripe

versally
in
experience and wisdom, and unieasily filled.
sacred
afifectioii
of his heart, free from

to it
all
other earthly love

for his
mourned
as
one whose place cannot be

all,
except that next akin

children.
which he bore
His heart was large with
embracing
l)eneticence,
warm
in
with tenderest love for family and friends, liberal towards

career
From an early period in his professional Hogeboom excelled as a nisi priiis lawyer and
he soon attained high distinction.
Judge
all
charities,
and
trustful
in
simple Chriotian faith
the
advocate, and
goodness and unfailing care of his God.

sequies were
His funeral ob-
His mind, cultivated
among
the most imposing ever witnessed upon
and
affluently stored with
all
rich
and rare thought from and poetry of

glittering
the decease of any citizen, being attended by nearly the
the classic lore of the past, from the " wells of English undefiled,"
whole bench of the State, and a large concourse of

tinguished citizens from abroad.
dis-
from
rhetoric, history,
philo.snphy,
its
ancient and modern times, poured forth
and
He
known
left
three
children,
John
;
C.
Hogeboom,
a welllate
jeweled abundance whenever a fitting occasion offered.

possessed a voice of mellow cadence and rich compass
;
He
his
citizen of this
county
Susan R., wife of the
William Boies; and Margaret, wife of Hon.

Esselstyn, recent surrogate of the county.
language was rich, ornate, and fluent, yet chaste and appropriate
;
Herman V. John C. Hoge-
his fine figure,
his
dignified
bearing, the
grace.
boom has one
son,
who
bears the
name of
his grandfather.

1S37. Theodore
1838.
Miller.
113
Joseph
THE BAR OF THE PRESENT.
G. Palen (chief-justice of
New
Mexico,
Hudson.
Robert
E. Andrews,
W.
M.
C. Benton, Chas. L.
now deceased). 1839. S. V. Cady, Claudius L. Monell, Martin Gilbert, Edward P. Cowles, George C. Clyde, C. P. Schermerhorn. Levi Rowley, Martin Pechtel, Gerahom Bulkeley, 18-tO. P. M. Jordan.
Beale, Nelson F. Boucher, Fayette
Butler,
W. H.
Clarke,
W.
F. Clarke, Caspar P. Collier, Isaac N. Collier, J. Rider
Cady, A. F. B. Chace, xMark Duntz, E. D. Delamater, Cornelius Esselstyne, J.
W.
Fairfield,
1841. Wesley
1842.
R. Gallup,
N.
T.
Rossiter,
Stephen
ver,
John
C.
Herman V. Esselstyne, Samuel Edwards, John Gaul, Jr. (1830), Chancellor HawHogeboom, Peter M. Jordan, John B. LongLevi F. Longley (county clerk), J.
Storm, Stephen L. Magoun.
Henry
W.
ley (district attorney),
P.
Horton,
Henry
Miller,
George
JI.
Soule, P.
Bishop,
Edwin A. JIaynard, Alexander
S.
H. Lant, Robert B. Monell, Stephen L. Magoun, Edward P. Magoun, Henry Miller, Jacob P. Miller, John C. Newkirk, Giles
Rowley, D. A. Baldwin. Robert H. McClellan.

1843.
Edward
H. O'Neill, Darius Peck (1828), Horace R.
A. Dunscombe, Philip J. Clum, John
Peck, Willard Peck, Alexander S. Rowley, Claudius Rock-
C. Newkirk, Robert E. Andrews, William Caldwell,
John
H. Reynolds, Robert Burrell Storm.
1844. Philip H, 1845. John W.

1846.
Bonesteel.
James Storm, R. B. Storm, S. M. Van Wyck, Jr., John V. Whitbeck, John McA. Welch. Kinderhook. Wm. H. Atwood, G. S. Collier, Theodore
efeller,
Rider, Charles Smith, C. P. Collier,
Snyder, Francis Silvester.

West Taghkaiiic.
Taghkaiiic.
Stephen B. Miller, Edward R. Peck, James Elmendorf
Rodolphus
P. Skinner,
George Van Santvoord,
Hugh W.
McClellan (county judge), Horatio N. Wright.
Wm. H. Hawver. Greenport. A. Baurhyte.

C.
Stephen
F. Avery.
1847. Elijah Payn, W. W. Hoysradt, Aaron J. Vanderpoel, John McArthur Welch, C. M. Hall. 1849. Mitchell Sanford, Edwin Hoes, D. S. Cowles. 1350. Charles H. Bramhall, De Witt Miller, W. C.
Benton.
Chatham Village. homa K. Brown, Hugh W. McClellan (county judge), John Cadman, W. C. Daley, Nathan
S. Post, Geo.
K. Daley, Josiah H.
Mills.
1851. Charles L. Beale. 1852. H. B. Barnard.

1853.
Seymour
L. Stebbins,
Wm.
Boies, C.
H.
Porter.
Farrar,
1854. C. B. Whitbeck, F. M. Butler, Peter Bonesteel,

John Cadman (ex-county judge), William A.
Mulford.
Porter,
James
1855. John
1856.
B. Longley, N. S. Post.
Silv&stcr, Cornelius
Francis
Esselstyne, Martin
H. Dorr, John Whitbeck.
1857. Daniel
1858.
Sheldon.
Theodore Snyder.
N. Collier, J. V. Whitbeck.
J.
James B. Daley. North Chatham. W. Heefmance. East Chatham. W. W. Saxton. Gershom Bulkeley, Geo. D. A. B. Gardenier, Wm. H. Germantown. Erastus Coons. Martin H. Dorr. Ghent. John Hogeboom, H. Philmont. Henry P. Horton. Ancram. W. W. Hoysradt. Livingston. Robert Hood. Capuke. Gilbert Langdon, Daniel Sheldon.
Chatham.
Valatie.
Silvernail.
Earle, Alonzo
H.
Hillsdale.
T.
C.
Porter.
1859. Isaac
1860
THE COLUMBIA COUNTY BAR ASSOCIATION

was organized January 21, 1878, with John Gaul, Jr., as president; John C. Newkirk, Hugh W. McClellan, vicepresidents
;
A. Lant, Alfred Nash, John C. Hogeboom.
1863. Horace R. Peck, A. F. B. Chase. 1864. Charles H. Lown, Jacob P. Miller, S. M. Van Wyck, Jr. 1865. Herman V. Esselstyne, W. C. Daley, Charles
A. Baurhyte.
Edw. P. Magoun, recording secretary

;
Willard
Peck, corresponding secretary

urer; R.
E.
Cornelius E.sselstyne, treasS.
Andrews, John Cadman,

Beale,
L.
Magoun,
J.
R. Cady, Samuel Edwards, executive committee: A. F. B.

Chace, C.
P. Magoun, WilC. L.
1866. William H. Atwood. 1867. William H. Hawver, Edward

lard Peck, Livi F. Longley.
Samuel Edwards, Willard Peck, and

;
M.
Bell,
committee on admission
and Francis
Silvester,
John
Gilbert Langdon.
C.
Newkirk, N.
1868.
R. Payn, Erastus Coons. 1872. Charles JL Louis K. Brown, Eugene Bur1870.

J.
Bell,
Robert Hood, George K. Daley,
F. Boucher, E. R. Delamater, and
Chancellor Hawver, comiuitteo on grievances.
The
for
regular
third
meetings of the association are
published
the
lingame, Samuel Edwards, AIoqzo H. Farrar,

Giilett,
Ransom H.
Arthur M. Hawkes, W. H.
Collier.
Silvernail,
W. W.
Sax-
ton,
G. S.
Mills.
A. Gardenier, John 1875. Stephen Avery,

1873.
B.
F.
J.
Mondays of January and June, second Monday in April, and first Monday in October. Within one month from the date of organization about one-third of the members of the bar of the county were enrolled as members of the association.
C.
Hubbard, Josiah A.
Resolutions of respect and condolence have been passed
Rider Cady, James B.

Giles
by the bar and spread upon the records of the courts on

the death of eminent
Daley,
O'Neill,
E.
D.
Delamatcr,
Chancellor Hawver,
H.
members
in in
in several instances.
Among
George H. Stever.
Rockefeller.
1876. Claudius
1877.
them Joseph D. Monell, Colonel David S. Cowles,

George
D.
Earlc,
18C1, Hon. John Suyder and

1863,
Nelson
Mr. Snyder dying sud

II.
F.
Boucher,
Mark
denly in his house, and Colonel Cowles at the head of his
Duntz.
regiment
in
the attack on Port Hud.sun,
N. Wriglit,
15
: ;
lU

in
NEW
YORK.
first
1867, and Hon. Henry Hogeboom,
1872.
Eulogies on
ing were elected the Dr.
officers
;^
of the society, namely

Dr.
the deceased attorneys were pronounced by Mr. Gaul,
Judge
William Wilson, president
Thomas Brodhead,
after
Newkirk, and
others.
vice-president; and Drs. William
Bay and Henry Malcolm,

;
The
circuit court
was
in
session
when
the news of the
respectively, secretary
and treasurer
which
it
was
assassination of President Lincoln was received in
Hudson,
" liesolird, That the annual meetings of this society shall be on the
first
and a committee of the bar was immediately appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the feelings of the court and
bar on the awful crime.
Tuesday
in October, at tea of the clock in the forenoon, at

;
the city of
The committee
their
reported a series of
" Rraulvtd,
draft the
Hudson and That Mann, Malcolm, and While be a committee to bye-laws, and that they report them at the ne.\t meeting
;
of resolutions expressing
utter
detestation
its
the
and
" Reanlved, That the secretary inform the president and the vicepresident of their appointment, and the request of the society that
the president rend a dissertation at the annual meeting."
crime and the principles that prompted
commission, and
the deep feeling of respect for the murdered chief magistrate,
which were by order of the court spread upon the

motion of Mr. Gaul, who made appropriate
for the day.
records, on
The
following
is
a list of the
names of members, past
remarks relative thereto, as did also Judge Henry Hoge-
and present, of the Columbia County Medical Society, with

date of their admission
:*
boom, and the court was adjourned
1806. Samuel White, John Milton Mann, Hudson;
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.

The
first
William
Wilson,
Clermont
;
George Monell, Claverack

;
act of the Legislature regulating the practice of

It
Henry Malcolm, Hudson

Dyck, Kinderhook
sall
; ;
Noah Wells
Henry
;
L.
Van
medicine and surgery was that of June 10, 1760.
was
William Bay, Claverack

;
George Bird-
amended
in
1792, and again
in
act judges of the State courts
1797, and under the latter and courts of common pleas

to license persons
Thomas Brodhead, Clermont John Talman, Hudson. The names above mentioned are those of the first memColumbia County Medical Society, and they
and masters
in
chancery were authorized
bers of the
to practice as physicians
upon proof that the applicant had
stand as landmarks of a
new
era in medicine,
the era of
pursued for two years the study of medicine.

of April 4, 1806,
five or
By
the act
in
medical associations.
more physicians
in a
county or
1307.
Daniel Morris, William Barthrop (Kinderhook),
adjoining counties could

societies
form a medical society.

to
Such
were empowered
grant licenses to practice medi-
Augustus F. Hayden, Peter Sharp, Joseph Jewett, John McClellan (Livingston, died in Hudson), John De Lameter,
cine in the State, and the State society could grant diplomas.
David Abrams,
B. Pugsley (Ghent).
P.
The
latter
was organized
in
1807, and has maintained
its
1809. E.
1810.
organization to the present lime.

societies
Delegates from the county
John
Beekman (Kinderhook), Abraham
Jor-
compose
its
membership.
The
restrictions
laid
dan (Claverack).
upon practice without a diploma were finally abolished in 1844, and the law now makes no distinction between the
different classes of practitioners.
Those assuming
to act as
if
physicians become responsible for their practice, and

licensed
not
1811. Moses Burt. 1812.Thomas Belton. 1813. John C. Olmstead. 1818. David Mcllen (Hudson),
T. Brodhead
S. T. B. Plainer,
John
by a county or State
society, or are not regular
(Clermont), Squire Jones, Robert G. Frary
graduates of a medical school, they can collect pay according to the time employed, but cannot collect the specific fees
(Hudson).
1821.
Horatio Root (Chatham), John Merriman, Henry
implying professional
skill
which are recognized by the
D. Wright (Lebanon), Eleazer Root (Chatham).
established usages of the profession.
The
statute of 1806, for the incorporation of medical
1822. John Van Der Poel (Kinderhook), Alpheus Abrams, Edward H. Reynolds, Isaac Everist, Andrew Van
Dyck.
societies for the
purpose of regulating the practice of medi-
cine and surgery,
may be
in
considered one of the
first efforts
1823. Hosea
Hicks.
Beebe,
Edward Dorr
(Hillsdale), Robert
made
in
this country to give to the medical
profession an
honorable station
the community.
1824. A.sa
in placing the regulaits
Spaulding, Samuel Poniroy
While
Hud-
The advantages
own members has
to physical
to the
community
son), Hessel T.
Van Orden
Germanlown
),
Ebenezer Reed
tion of the medical profession
under the direction of
(Spencertown).
1825.
already been greatly manifested by the
promotion of medical education, the encouragements given

inquiries
1826.
Henry
Peter X\\n
Buren (Clernionl), John

(Spencertown),
.Sutlierlaiid.
Foote
Thomas
Sears,
and observation, and the diminished
influence of pretenders to the healing art throughout the

State.
COLUMBIA COUNTY .MEDICAL SOCIETY.

The
on the
organization of this society was effected at a meeting
Henry A. Hermance. 1828, John Lusk, Levi B. Skinner, Stephen Plainer (Copake), John Hunt Hudson), Wni. .^L Jones (Johnstown, died in Hudson), Samuel R. McClellan (Hud.son),
(
of physicians and surgeons of the county of Columbia, held

first
Peter P. Rossman (Ancram), Erick King, Jesse Ferris. 1829. Benjamin McKeeney (Hudson). Abner Dayton,
Tuesday
in
June, 18U6, at which there were
John
B.
Rossman, Russell Evart,
Wm.
H. Wilson.
present Drs. George Monell.
Henry Malcolm, Noah Wells,

L.
John M'lton Mann, Henry

William Bay, George
Monell was chosen to
Birdsall,
Van Dyck, Samuel White, John Talman. Dr. George

moderator, and the follow-
' This list, and the succeeding brief sketches of a few of the old physicians of the county, were prepared by a committee of the medical society, appointed for the purpose at iheir meeting in June,
ofEcia'te as
1878.
HISTOR? OF COLUMBIA COUNTr,

1830.
ler,
NEW
YORK.
W.
;
115
Joseph Chadwick (Cliatham),
Bostwick 0. Mil-
The
and
officers
of 1877 were
vice-president
0. Smith, president; J.
secretary
George H. White (Hudson), Jacob

E. Buckley (Hillsdale).
S. Miller,
John H.
W. Lockwood,
treasurer.
Thomas Wilson,
Cole (Claverack), Stillman E. Ames, Montillion Beckwith,
Wm.
1832. James Hubbard, John M. Pruyn (Kinderhook),

Seymour W. Simpson, John 0.
J.
William Wilson was the first president of the Columbia County Medical Society. He was also president of the
State Medical Society during the year of 1812,
Flagler,
Robert Rossman,
the
fifth
W. Palmer, Stephen Hinsdale (Claverack). 1835. Volkert Whitbeck (Hudson), William

Bull,
of
C.
Bell,
its
existence.
He
was a man of sound judgment and
extensive knowledge, both in medicine and the collateral

sciences.
Charles
Richard H. Jlesick (Ghent), Robert Clow
In 1814 he was elected a permanent
member of
in
re-
(Clermont).
the State Society.

Sargent,
He
also represented
Columbia county
1837. Daniel
dan (Claverack).
1838.
Hoagland
C.
W. Beman,
the State
spected.
Legislature,
and died
in
1829, aged and
James H. Barnes (Ghent),
Wm.
B. Finch, Alien A. Jor-
Joseph
Bates
(Xew Lebanon
Springs),
Henry
B. Salmon (Stuyvesant).
John Milton Mann was one of those pioneers in mediwho left a name which time has yet failed to erase. From 1807 to the time of his death he held responsible
cine
1839.
Peter
Van Zandt, Robert Humphrey (Green(Gerraantown), N. Rusk, F. A.
positions in the State Medical Society, and was the
first
of
port), F.
W. Jenkins. 1840. G. W. Cawkins
the eleven
who organized
it.
He
was drowned
in cros.sing
the river on the ferry-boat, Aug. 24, 1809, aged forty-three

years.
Warner, J. Robinson, William Wright, Daniel Haynes,

Peter R. Coffin.
Thomas Brodhead served

Pierson,
in
both the County and State
1842. Franklyn D.
Harvey
1843.
Stephen G. Tallmadge,
Societies
he was given the honorary degree of Doctor of

in
Cole, Conradt Niver (Copake),
John
C.
Newman.
H. Knickerbacker (Clermont), Elbridge Simpson (Hudson), Lucas Pruyn (Kinderhook), S. 0. Moore, John P. Wheeler Vanderpoel (Kinderhook),
P.
Medicine by the regents of the University

practiced long in the county, and
left
1828.
He
an honorable record.
He
died in 1830, aged sixty-five.
William Bay was another of the founders of the County

Society.
(Hudson), Charles R. Near (Germantown).
Reorganized in 1863.
Joseph
Bates, president,
New
Falls
cine in
He was New York
man
of fine education, studied mediin
city,
and graduated
1779
from
this
Lebanon
H. B. Salmon, vice-president, Stuyvesant
time to 1810 he practiced an enviable reputation.
in Claverack,
where he achieved
P. V. S. Pruyn, secretary,
treasurer,
Kinderhook
Wm.
H. Pitcher,
Hudson.
1865-66. Dr. Atwood, William C. Bailey (Chatham), John C. Benham (Hudson), Elias W. Bostwick (Hudson),
Joseph Dorr (Hillsdale), L. C. B. Graveline (Chatham),
In 1810 he removed to Albany, where he became a leading physician he died in 1865, aged ninety-two, having practiced medicine for sixty-three
;
years.
Henry
society,
L.
Van Dyck, another

in
of the progenitors of the
M. Moore, 0. H. Peck (Chatham), G. P. Salmon (Lebanon and Hudson), D. F. Van Aiken (Stuyvesant), Abram Van Deusen (Claverack), R. H. Vedder (Chatham).
Lorenzo Gile (Canaan),
S.
was born
Kinderhook.
He
was a hard worker

all
for
the society, and was honored and respected by

associated with him.
who were
John Talman, of Hudson, was

society one of
iu
the early days of the

city.
1866-67. Henry Lyle Smith

Bensen
(Hud.son), George
Rensselaer
E.
the most popular physicians in the
(Kinderhook and
Hudson),
Platner
He was
a skillful practitioner,
and
man of
very pleasing
(Clermont), J. N. Schermerhorn (Stockport).
address, of fine form,
and rare
social qualities.
1869.J. K. Wardle (Hudson),

Bates
Fowler, M. L.
J.
Samuel White
is
remembered not simply

also, of.
as a successful
(Canaan),
E.
B.
Boice
Valatie),
Lockwood
practitioner for over half a century in the city of
Hudson,
tweuty-
(Ghent and Philmontj, P. W. Shufelt (East Taghkanic),

C. E. Segar, P. B. Collier (^Kinderhook).
but as the founder,
the a.sylum for the insane in the
same
city,
and which was

Dr.
in successful operation for
1872. X.
1873.
T.
Bates
(New Lebanon), N. H. Mesick

(
five years.
White was one of Hudson's most popular

in
(Glenco Mills), George Rossman (Aiicram).
phj'sicians
Wm. 0. Smith
and surgeon?, and was a hard-working man

its
Germantown), Joseph T. Lamb

(Claverack).
(^
the society at
practice, both
organization.
He had
a very extensive
in
(Hudson), A. T. Lusee (Germantown).

1876.
Thomas Wilson
E.
medical and surgical, and
his
day was
probably the ablest surgeon in eastern

i,
New
York.
He
was
1877. Crawford
(^Churchtown).
Fritts
Hudson
J.
H.
Allen
professor of surgery at the Berkshire Medical College, in

Pittsfield,
for
many
years.
1878.
Charles
He
was made an honorary

1829, and
in
E.
Valkenburgh (Stuyvesant
reorganization in
Falls).
member
elected
life,
of the State Society in

its
1843 was
The
following phy.siciaus have officiated as president of

its
president.
in
After a very active and honorable

sixtj'-eight.
the society since
1863,
viz.
1863,
he died
1845, aged
Joseph Bates;
H. Pitcher; 1866, E. W. Bostwick; 1867, G. P. Salmon; 1868, P. V. S. Pruyn; 1861), H. Lyle Smith 1870, J. C. Benham; 1871, R. H. Vedder; 1872, W. C. Bailey;
1864,
1865,
;
H. B.
Salmon;
Wm.
John McClellan
the county.
figured largely in the medical affairs of

a
Ho was
man
of large experience and pos-
sessed of good sense
and judgment.
He was
honored with
the degree of Doctor of Medicine
by the regents of the

life,
Rossman
1873-74, P. B. Collier; 1875, L. M. Bates; 1876, G. 1877, W. O. Smith.

;
W.
University
in
1831, and, after a long and eventful
died
Oct. 18, 1855, aged eighty-three.
116

into
in
NEW
YORK.
John Merriman came

1S20.
the society about the year

in
In
1865 he read a paper before the Columbia County
He
was
original
thought and bold
practice.
Medical Society on
son," in which his
his birth
is
"The
Salubrity of the Climate of
Hud1867,
He
in
struggled hard to suppress quackery and advance the
warm and abiding
interest in the city of
regularly-educated physician.
He
in
represented the county
most
clearly evinced.
He
died
June
6,
the State Medical Society, and
1841 was honored with
and among
his private papers, after his death,

in
was found a
the degree of Doctor of Medicine by the regents of the

University.
note requesting that he might be buried

request was fully complied with.
Hudson, which
After a long and eventful
life,
filled
with
honors and successes, he died at a ripe old age.

Dr. Robert G. Frary, of Hudson, was one of the brightest lights
George H. White was born
in
Hudson, Oct. 24, 1808.

private
He
was the youngest son of Dr. Samuel White, and was
of the Columbia County Medical Society, and his

still live in
associated with his father in the
management of the
name and memory

out the county.
the hearts of
many
through-
insane asylum in the city of Hudson, and after the death
of his father he conducted

first
it
alone for several years.
He
society,
was the
licentiate
before the censors of this
Dr. George H. White possessed
many of
the distinguish-
receiving his
license in
1815.
He
immediately
ing characteristics of his father and elder brother.
joined the society, and up lo the time of his death, in 1862,
His
fession
father, desiring that
he should also pursue the pro-
was
most active and honored member.
Dr. Frary was a
which he so ardently loved, gave him every advanfit
self-made man, and rose to eminent distinction in the profession.
tage that would tend to
him
for a successful practitioner.
He
was
also the recipient
of
many
in
public honors,
He
was a man of
fine address, quiet

all
and unobtrusive,
and
filled
important
offices in public life.
He
was made
and was honored and respected by
who knew him.

it
He
and
permanent member of the State Society was vice-president, and

in
1836, in 1845
its
was a thorough physician and a

vice
skillful surgeon.
His ad-
1851 was elected
president.
was always deliberate, because
was
mature
Ho
died Dec. 29, 1862, aged sixty-nine.

citizens of
given with a clearness that none could either mi.sconstrue
So high was the regard of the

his
Dr. Frary's virtues, that they erected a costly
Hudson for monument to
or misapprehend.
And
in
his operations he
was remark-
ably calm and collected.
memory.
Among
into the society in 1822.
his earlier operations
was the successful ligature

the county society in
it
Jolin
Van Der Poel came
He
years
Poel,
of the subclavian artery, external to the scaleni muscles.

Dr.
was active and earnest

a leading practitioner.
in the profession,
and
His son. Dr.
S. 0.
for many Van Der
White became
member of
1830, and was a most active worker in

years.
Ill
for twenty-five
the present health-officer of the port of

ticed with his father in Valatie.
New
York, prac-
health obliged
him
finally to seek the south, but,
un-
Ebenezer Reed, of Spencertown, was a man of sterling worth, and a very successful physician. He joined the society in 1819, and died in 1871. White.
fortunately, without benefit, for after a six months' sojourn

in
New
Orleans he returned to Hudson, and died April
1,
1857.
Samuel Pomroy White was the eldest son of Dr. Samuel He was born in the city of Hudson, Nov. 8, 1801, graduated at Union College in the year 1822, and studied
going through the reguof lectures at the medical college in
late
John M. Pruyn,
society, lived in
worthy and active member of the
Kinderhook.
He was made
a permanent
member
of the State Society in 1849.
for his profession with his father,

lar course
city,
He
died Febniary, 1866, aged sixty.

in
New York
Although
Stephen G. Tallmadge possessed

qualities of the true physician.
rare degree the

all
under the
Valentino
all
Mott, M.D.
He
occupied
the posi-
thoroughly familiar with
branches of his profession, he
tions of trust in the gift of the society.
He
died in 1868,
was especially devoted

career performed
to
surgery, and very early in his
honored by
all
who knew him.
some
difficult operations
with such
skill
Horatio and Eleazer Root, both of Chatham, were
men
and success
as to attract tJie attention
and gain the highest
of energy and thoroughly conversant with their proles.sion,
eulogiums from the most eminent members of the medical

fraternity.
and to-day many mourn their death.
William H. Pitcher was a representative man
in
an emi-
One operation alone, successfully performed by Dr. White when a young man, made him famous. The operation was
the ligature
nent degree, not only in the profession but also in the society
in
which he moved.
He was
born
in
Claverack, Oct. 26,
of the internal iliac artery.
The
and
operation
1825.
He
graduated from the State Normal College at
had never before been

thrice
performed
This
in
America, and
but
x\lbany, and on
June 22, 1853, he graduated with honor

Woodstock, Vt.
before in any country.
.skillful
brilliant
at the medical college at
He
practiced at
to
perfurmance
notice.
brought the young surgeon

received
info
favorable
after,
Claverack for three years, and then removed

Dr. Pitcher was
in
all
Hudson.
devel-
He
the
from Williams College,
.soon
respects a self-made
man; he
the honorary degree of M.D., and

before
was chosen
to lecture
oped his faculties
to a
wonderful degree, his intellectual

he was marked
fearless in the
medical
In
college
at
Pittsfield
on surgery and
to
attainments being solid and substantial rather than brilliant

in their character.
obstetrics.
the year
18.'î3
Dr.
White removed
the
In his professional
life
city of
New
York, where, until the lime of his death, he
by a
cool
and sound judgment.
Bold and
tl)at
continued in the successful practice of his profession, securing the confidence and affections of his patients, and the
use of remedies, he' achieved triumphs
extended his
practice over a larger field than most physicians occupy.
high esteem and respect of the members of the medical

faculty.
As
a surgeon
he was thoroughly conservative, but he percapital
formed many
operations.
He
was an active
mem-

ber of the County Society, aud represented
to the State Society.
it
NEW YORK.
117
as a delegate
On
the
23d of May, 1 S72, while mak-
ing
a.
post-mortem examination, he received a wound, which

his death.
was the direct cause of
He
suffered the greatest

1,
agony
city of
for several days,

life,
died one who.se
And thus 1872. many years, was identified with the Hudson, and whose name upon every tongue was as
and died June
for
1862. E. Holly Hudson, J. F. Philip. 1863. L. B. Hawley. 1865. W. V. B. Blighton. 1866. S. E. Calkins. 1867. G. L. Barnes. 1868. C. P. Cook, W. M. Sprague, H.
Kinderhook.
1869.
B. Horton,
familiar as household words.
James Green, James H. Green.

J. Peck,
To the hearts and homes of hundreds he was endeared by many kindly acts and oflBces, while to all alike, the high,
the low, the rich, and the poor, he was ever ready to exerci.se
1870. Oliver
ren, Spencertown.
North Chatham
Dwight WarA. F. Moore,

practice
1874.
N.
;
H. Haviland, Spencertown
Collins.
those rare abilities and attainments of which he was
Coxsackie
David E.
possessed.
Lamentation
for the loss of Dr. Pitcher
extended
George
W.
Calkins, of
Germantown, began the
over the whole county, and the citizens of Hudson manifested
of medicine under the old school in 1836, and about 1857,

or before, changed to the homoeopathic practice, and soon
after
their regard for his virtues by erecting a beautiful

to his
monument
memory.
HO-MCEOPATHT.
moved
into Wisconsin,
and
is
now
practicing
near
Janesville, in that State.
He was
a graduate of the
New
York Medical
College.
The
practice of medicine after the school of

into
Hahnemann
THE PRESS.
THE HUDSON GAZETTE
was the
first
was introduced
Columbia county
in or
about the year paper published in the county, and

Ls now one number was is.sued
Rossman also Dr. began the homoeopathic practice about the same time. A. P. Cook was an old-school physician in Chatham in 1835, and went to Kinderhook in 1839, and in 1842 began the practice of the new school, and in 1844 came to Hud.son,
1840, by Dr. George
Cook.
Dr. Robert
W.
of the oldest in the State.
The
first
where he
is
yet in practice.
Drs. G.
school,
to
W. Cook and
as
in
Ross-
March 31, 1785, by Charles R. Web.ster and Ashbel Stoddard, who had been apprentices together in the office of the The size of the sheet Connecticut Coiirant, at Hartford.
was ten by fourteen inches.
it
man were
Edward
1843.
L.
also
of the
old
was Dr. Stephen

1842.
in
In typographical appearance
Coburn, in Ghent, who changed
homoeopathy
was quite equal
to the
publications of that day.

is
The
Coburn began the
practice also in
Ghent
introductory of the " printers"

It will
in
the following words.
be seen that they were profuse in the use of capital
Homoeopathic medical
societies were authorized to
be
letters
"
formed by the act of April 13, 1857, and under that act the
The
.Subscriber?
hnving cstivblishoa a
it
PRINTING OFFICE
its
in
this flourishing
CITY, ihink
necessary to remind
res|icctablc
COLUMBIA AND GREENE HOMCEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY

was organized Oct.
P. Cook, Hudson,
vice-president; C.
1,
Inhabitants of the
many Advantages
to the Public in general, .ind
1861, with the following
officers:
A.
the City in nartieuiar, from (he Publication of an impartial
NEW.S
It shall
PAPER,
conducted on truly republican Principles, and which shall
president;
T. T. Calkins, Coxsackie,
secretary; P.
J.
ever be the
WATCIIFULL CEXTI.NEL
Rank and
of
its
Liberties.
M. Samson, Hudson,
C.
Mull, Ghent, treasurer;
H. Stevens, Hudson,
S. Philip,
W. W.
suGSce us to observe that every
Station of Life must per-
ceive
its
Advantages."
Smith,
sors.
Jr., Claverack,
James
Kinderhook, cen-
The terms were

subscriber
to
" twelve shillings

Shillings
per annum.
Each
Fifth
constitution was adopted,
which provides that any
pay Six
on receiving the
will
regular licensed physician under the laws of the State,
who
Number,
selves, in
lect, to
at
which time the Printers
obligate them-
avows
biis
his belief in the
homoeopathic maxim
siinitin
siiiiili-
Case of any Failure on their part, through Neg-
curantur, and conforms his practice tlicieto,

of the society.
may become
Smith
A.
refund the
Whole
of the Subscription Money."
member
The
Drs. Cook, Calkins, and
Among
ber
is
the most important
news items
in
the
first
1
:
num'
were the
first
delegates to the State Society.

:
the following, under date of Albany, April
On
presidents of the society have been as follows
Friday sennight two persons broke open the house of Mr.

J.
P.
Cook,
1862-04; T.
T.
Calkins,
1865-66; W.
;
H.
Barnes, 1866-67; P.
W.
Mull, 1867-6'J
;
W. H.
Barnes,
him
M. V. Wanoner, of Livingston Manor, and after beating in a most cruel manner, robbed him of one hundred
in
lS6'J-70; H. B. Hortou, 1S7U-71
T. T. Calkins,
;
1871-
pounds
specie
and about
.seven
hundred
is
in
bonds and
72; C. P. Cook, 1872-73; P. W.- Mull, 1873-74 A. P. Cook, 1874-75; W. H. Barnes, 1875-76; P. W. Mull,
1876-77.
other paper securretics.
Mr. Wagoner
since dead, and
the villains have been apprehended and committed to gaol

in this City."
The
urer,
present officers are:

F.
President, P.
W.
Mull; Vice-
Among
in
the sensations, Pliilo Socius enters his " earnest

'
President, A.
Mull; Secretary, T. T. Calkins; Treas-
protest against a dancing-school
that had been established

all
W. H.
Barnes; Censors, J. S. Philip, O. J. Peck,
the city, as having a tendency to " send

'
the
young
James Green. The members of
people directly to perdition.

the .society have been and are as follows
:
From
its
columns we see that
it
required one week to
1861. A.
P.
Cook, T. T. Calkins, C. M. Sumson, P.
get intelligence from Albany, two weeks from
New
York,
W.
Mull, C. A. Stevens, J.
11.
W.
Smith,
Jr., Jas. S. Philip,
and two months from Europe.
Wriirht
Barnes.
At the commencement of fhe second volume Mr. AVcb-

118
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUxVTY,

withdrew from the concern, and the paper was published
until
NEW
YORK.
it
ster
"Another thing
as
I can say of the old Gazette:

I
was then,
it,
by Mr. Stoddard alone
1804,
when
it
was merged
in
now,
fearless
'
and so long as
knew anything about
the Balance, published by Croswell, Sampson
&
Chittenden.
neither for
fear, favor, affection, or

it
the hope of reward'
On
the 5th of January, _1792, the columns were elongated
would
it
publish anything which
did not honestly believe

in
its
two inches, and a new German text head introduced, which
to be true
and
it
right.
It
;
was earnest
perhaps
it in
it
politics,
some
was retained
as long
as
Mr. Stoddard published
it.
In
people called
furious
was
so, for it
had the
1803 the paper was enlarged by the addition of a column

to
impulsiveness of youth about
those days.
It was often
each page, which made
it
of very respectable proportions
severe and sarcastic, and sometimes witty."
for the period.
In 1826, Hiram Wilbur became

oflBce
its
publisher, and
Mr.
In
1793 the
was burned out, but was soon

This was the
first fire
re-
Edmonds
it
dissolved his connection with the paper.
In 1834
placed by public subscription.
which
first
passed into the hands of P. Dean Carriqae,

publication until the year 1851,
who continued
it
occurred in the
fire
city,
and led
to the organization
first
of the
its
when
p:issed into
department.
In 1796 the " Printer"
styled him-
other hands, and was continued without any stated publisher
self "
The
Editor."
until
Sept. 7,
1857, when the
establishment was
In March, 1824, a number of leading and public-spirited

citizens
among
purcha.sed by
proprietor.
larged,
them Oliver Wiswall, Solomon Wescott,

A.
M. Parker Williams, its present editor and Under his management it has been twice ento
David West, Austin Stocking, Abner Hammond, Samuel

Anable, Jchoiakira
and from time
time improved, until now
it
ranks
Van Valkenburgh, Rufus Reed,
among
the first-class papers of the State.

its
Moses Younglove, and Jeremiah H. Strong

material,
raised a fund
Throughout
varied career the Gazette has always sus-
of some five hundred dollars, purchased the old printing
tained a high reputation
among
in
the newspapers of
its
time,
and resuscitated the Gazette.
On
the 7th of Sep-
and wielded a wide
political
influence.
The
first
twenty
first number of the new series John W. Edmonds (then a young lawyer, and subsequently a judge of the Supreme Court) as editor,
tember, in that year, the
volumes now have a place
the State library at Albany.
was
issued, with
THE HUDSON DAILV REGISTER

is
with a salary of three dollars per week, and Peter Sturtevant

as publisher.
the offspring of the Gazette.
It
was established
its
May
26,
In his salutatory, the editor thus defines the
1866, by Williams
&
Clark, having
birth in the
demand
position of the paper
created by the growing interests of the city and county for
" It will maintain the doctrine that the minority ought

in
all
an organ to creditably represent them.

the interest of Mr. Clark was purchased
April 10, 1869,
cases to yield
to the majority,
is
and that the great

the advancement of
by M. Parker
object of the organization of a party

principles
Williams,
who
is
now
its
editor
and
sole proprietor.
The
and not men.
It will support,
with
all its
power,
Register held a membership in the As.sociated Press from

the
regular caucus nominations, convinced that hereby the

is
man
commencement, which added greatly

and permanent establishment.
to its popularity, Its
obliged to yield to the principle, and firmly believing that
usefulness,
distinctive
no other than good can r&sult from a cause which has placed
such
feature
is
the advocacy of local enterprise
and business
men
as JeflFerson
and Madison
at
the head of our
interests.
government, which has doomed the
Adams
Federalism to
THE HUDSON REPUBLICAN,

now published by William Bryan, in the city of Hudson, was commenced in 1820 by Solomon Wilbur, under the name of the Columbia Republican, as a Democratic paper. In 1824 it was purchased by Ambrose L. Jordan, who
changed
its
destruction, and which has preserved the triumph of correct

principles for years."
In a letter to the present editor from
Judge Edmonds,
written in 1868, reviewing the early history of the Gazette,
he says,
"
political character to that
of the
Whig
party.
The paper grew
iu
circulation
and influence, and was

the short space of
in
It
was published
at different
times by
Ambrose
L. and
greatly instrumental in
working
out, in
Allen Jordan, Charles F. Ames, and Samuel Curtiss from
four or five years, a political revolution

that
'
the county, so
1824
to
1834, and by Lawrence

it
Van Dyke from 1834

it
to
Old Columbia,' which, for a century, had been uniformly and inflexibly Federal, in 1829 elected Republican members of Assembly, in 1830 elected me to the Assembly by
1843, when
passed into the hands of P. Byron

it
Barker,
who, after continuing

Palcn
<k
one year, disposed of

its editor.
to Mes.srs.
Jordan, Barker remaining as
In
1845
it
some seven hundred majority, and by
still
larger
was purcha.sed by Messrs. Bryan

retired in 1851.
.Îoorcs,
and Mr. Moores
majority assisted in sending

in
me
to the
Senate at the election
In 1855 the paper became the organ of
1S31.
"
the Republican party of the county.

that time on the county remained steady in
for several years,
I
;
For
year or two, about
From
the
1835-36,
it
was issued under the name of the Columbia

City Advertiser.
In
support of that party

tell
how long you can

it
Republican and Hudson
1876 the
better than I can.

in
can speak only of the time that

for,
Hudson
Weelcly Star was

in
merged
in the
Republican.
S.
The
Vliet,
as
remained
the county
when
I left
in
1837,
I,
in
Star was commenced
1842, by J. R.
Van
a measure, lost sight of
its politics,
and
as I write
now from
under the name of the

advocate of
year,
Columbia Washingtonian,
an
memory,
dare not speak beyond that time.

I
total abstinence.
it
Van
\'liet
published it one
in
"This, however,
can say, and that

in
is,
that J,hc Gnr.ctle
and transferred
to
Warren Stockwell, who,

Alexander N. Webb.
to the
1847, 1850,
had very much

domination of
ostabli-shing
to
do
overthrowing the long-continued

party in the county, and
(iiipujite
iti
sold the establishment to
In
the
Federal
Mr. and
Webb
its
changed the name
Huilsuu
Wakli/ Star,
and maintaining an
ascendency.
character from that of a temperance advocate to

that of a general newspaper.
NEW
YORK.
119
In 1873, Mr.
Webb
who
was
con-
" took" at once, the circulation of the paper rapidly increased, and
it
succeeded by Louis Goeltz and H. N. Webb,

tinued the publication to
sold his interest to
in
now has more

office for
subscribers than ever before.
May
1,
187G, when Mr.
Webb
The
facilities
of the
book
aiid
job printing are unis
Wm.
Bryan, and the paper was merged
excelled in the county.
The Rough Notes

is
a four-page,
the Republican, and the combined journal issued as the

it
twenty-four-column paper, and
issued on Saturday of each
Hudson Republican, the name

and
editor,
now
bears.
Mr. Goeltz
week.
died in October, 1877, leaving Mr. Bryan the sole manager
THE CHATHAM COURIER

was established
in
which position he
still
occupies.
It is an eight-
column
folio,
twenty-four by forty-two inches.

issued
From
the
1862, at Chatham Four Corners, by
Republican
office also is
Frank 0.
Sayles, of
South Adams, Mass., a gentleman of

Mr. Sayles soon
considerable literary and poetic talent.
THE HUDSON DAILY STAR,

which was the
first
sold the paper to Dclos Sutherland, a local printer,

It
who
in
daily paper published in the county.
continued the publication of
it
for several years,
and
was begun
Evening
brief,
in
1847, by Alexander N. Webb, as the Daily

in
1868, or thereabouts, sold
it
to Charles
B. Canfield.
In
Morning Star, but

Star.
1848 changed
its
its
name
to the
Daily
were
1871, James H. Woolhiser became associated with

Canfield in
or two,
its
Mr.
In
However,
vesper
it
appearances
publication, remaining, however, only a year
and at the end of two months

title it
appeared as the HudIt
when
the latter became again sole publisher.
son Daily Star, a
has borne to the present time.
June, 1875, William B. Howiand, of Kindcrhook, bought

the paper, and
still
is
has experienced as
in
many or more changes in form as it has name even, and it is now a seven-column folio, twentyfour by thirty-six inches. The Republican and Star are Republican in politics, and
their editorials are outspoken
owns
a
it.
The Courier
four-page, thirty-two-column
to the local
paper,
handsomely printed, and devoted

tural interests of the locality.
and agricul-
Its editorial staff is
com-
and
fearless
on
all
matters of
is
posed of William B. Howiand, editor-in-chief, George T.

Powell, of Ghent, agricultural editor, and Dr. Allen Cady,
public interest.
The
printing-house of the Republican
well equipped for book
and job work, with power-presses

work.
of Maiden Bridge, has charge of the veterinary department,

in
and material
for first-class
which are answered,
free of charge, all questions
con-
cerning diseases of horses and other domestic animals.
THE RODQH NOTES,

a weekly newspaper,
is
The
the Second Asfirst
Courier's leading features are
its
full,
fresh,
and
published every Saturday, and, as a

is
readable local news from almost every village in the upper
medium
sembly
for
advertising,
unequaled
in
half of the county
its
substantial and valuable agricultural

;
district
of Columbia county.
It
was
issued in
department
its
veterinary column
and
its
editorial review
1825, as the Kiuderhook Sentinel, and was edited by Peter
of current general news.
Van
Schaack, a gentleman at that time quite prominent
in
The Courier
printing-house
is
amply
fitted for first-class
political
and
;
literary circles.
In 1832, Elias Pitts bought

its
job-printing, having three fast presses,
and an abundant
an interest
name and became known Two years later John V. A. as the Columbia Sentinel. Hoes, a nephew of Martin Van Buren, became the proprietor, and continued so until 183C, when he sold out to Mr.
the paper changed
supply of type and other material.
Other ventures
been
a-s
in journalism in
Columbia county have
follows
:*
who continued in possession until 1854. In that year Peter H. Van Vleck became the owner, and the paper became widely known as The Kinderhook Rough Notes, and the trenchant wit and humor of its editor brought commensurate succes.s. In 1864, when Van
Schaack,
its
first
Van
owner,
The Bee was removed from New London, Conn., to Hudson, Aug. 17, 1802, and was published by Charles Holt until 1810, when he sold the establishment to Samuel W. Clark, and moved to New York. Mr. Clark remained
proprietor of the Bee until 1821.
class
its
It
was the organ of that
who
justified the
War
of 1812, and numbered
among
Vleck
died, the office fell
into
the hands of J.
II.
Arrow-
contributors
Martin Van Buren, Benjamin F. Butler,

othera of C(|ual talent and position.
smith, and subsequently into those of Willard

erratic genius,
Pond, an
John W. Edmonds, and

It
who
pulled
down
the old sign and called his
next pa.ssed into the hands of John

its
W.
Dutcher,
who
paper the Colunibia Cunnly Adverli.tcr.
He
considered
its
changed
name
to the
it
Colmnbin
Bee
in
Sentinel,
and two years
former name as lackinn
in
dignity and character, and, strange

a.
afterwards united
with the Columbia Republican.

the
to .say, his subscribers, before
great while, passed a like
The appearance of
sued from the
Rusticoat,
office
'
Hudson provoked from

is'
judgment on
recorder in a
its editor,
and he
pa.sscd
away,
to
be heard of
the Wasp, a sniull sheet less than a letter-sheet in size,
afterwards as a drummer, a preacher, and, finally, as the
of Mr. Croswell, and edited by
Robert
New York
paper of his own death by shipin
Esq
"
the following couplet,

perchance, there come a
wreck.
He
was succeeded by J. H. Woolhiser, who
due
season gave
way to Wm. B, Howiand, who dropped the words " Columbia County" from the head of his paper, and
sent
it
If,
Ilee,
U'u^ shall come as well as he."
forth as
The Advertiser.
it
Mr. Holt removed

tion of the
hi.s
paper to Hudson (at the
solicita-
In May, 1875,
passed into the hands of the present
Republicans of that city) on account of becoming

to the sedition
owner, Charles deared

itself to
W.
Davis, and the old name, which had en-
obnoxious
laws,
under which Mr. Holt had
the residents of the town and village, was

its
again placed at the head of
columns.
The change
From
Ihe
Columbia County Directory, 1S71-72.
120

of 1840, as a "Tippecanoe" paper, by J. R. S.
incurred both fine and imprisonment, whicli destroyed his

business in
Van
Vliet,
New
London.
and
its
complement was The Thrasher, published during

at
the same campaign.
THE BALANCE
was commenced
published
in
.A..VD
COLU.MBIAN REPOSITORY
in
The Columbia Democrat was commenced
Chatham
Hudson,
1855, by
1801 or 1802,
quarto form, by Ezra
Four Corners,
in
in
1847.
at
Sampson, George Chittenden, and

first
it
Harry Croswell, who

but
in less
The Temperance Palladium was published

1851, by John
it
as a neutral paper
than a year
W.
Dutcher.
in
became the organ of the Federal party, the proprietors

to
The Hudson Daily News was published,

Richard Van Antwerp.
refunding
such of the subscribers as did not
like the
change their due proportion of the subscription money.
In
in
The Valatie Weekly Times was published, H. N. Hopkins.

The Equal Rights Advocate was begun
In 1848
at
in
1853, by
ISOS
1811.
'
it
was removed
to
Albany, and was discontinued
Mr. Sampson, familiarly known at that time as Dominie Sampson," was a Presbyterian clergyman and a Mr. Chittenden was a book-binder, and viixorous writer.
Chatham Four
to
Corners, in the spring of 1846, by an anti-rent association.

it
was removed
to
Hudson, and changed

it
The
Mr. Croswell a
printer.
Democratic Freeman, under which name

the Bee, and, judging
its
was published
in
The Wasp was contemporary with

from the personal abuse which
filled
by Charles H.
Collins.
It
was discontinued
1855-56.
at Chat-
columns and those
The Columbia County Journal was published
of the Bee, the office of each was to return sting for sting.
It
was edited
for a short
time only,
in
the early part of this
ham Four Corners, in 1850, by Philip H. Ostrander. The Chatham Courier was established in 1862, and has
since been published at that point.
century, by " Robert Rusticoat."
The Hudson Newspaper and Balance Advertiser wa. commenced in October, 180G, by Harry Croswell. The Republican Fountain, founded in December, 1806,
was published
the
in
The Chatham Press had

It
its
first
issue April 11, 1877.
was published a year by Burrows
&
Woolhiser, and then
discontinued.
the interest of the Lewis branch of the

It
in
The American Repository, a paper supporting Millard

Fillmore for the presidency, in 1856, was begun in that
year, but discontinued shortly after the election.
Its editor,
Democratic party about one year.

after
election,
was discontinued
which resulted
the defeat of Mr.
Lewis.
Tlie
R.
Van Antwerp,
also
commenced a
daily,
which was pub-
Northern Whig was begun
in
1808, by
to
W.
B. Steb-
lished
two months, a short time before the introduction of
bins,
upon the removal of the Balance

it
Albany.
He
the Repository.
continued
L. Stone,
two or three years, and was succeeded by Wni.

it
who continued
until
1816, when
it
pa.ssed into
literary
The Columbia County Family Journal, a semi-monthly paper, was begun in 1861, by F. H. Webb, but
late as well as brief venture,
the hands of Richard L. Corss, and suhserjuently, in 1821,

into those of
tor,
discontinued after six months' issue.
Wni. B. Stcbbins, son of the

it
original proprie-
The Ojlumbia Farmer was a
who continued
until 1824,
when
it
was discontinued.
in
having been begun and completed during the past two

years, in
It
was one of the strongest Federal papers
the State.
at
Hudson.
The Columbia Mnjazine was published

an early date, by the Rev. John Chester.
Tlie Spirit
Hudson,
at
The Journal of Materia Medica was begun in New Lebanon, in 1857, by Henry A. Tilden, and its publication
is
of the Forum and Hudson Remarkcr was
continued by Tilden
&
Co., with
Joseph Bates, M.D., as
published in 1817, as a literary paper, by an as.sociation of
editor.
gentlemen.
The Messenger of Peace was The Rural Repository,

quarto, was begun, in
Aslibel Stoddard, the
first
started at
Hudson,
in
1824,
by Richard Carri(|ue, and continued one year.

a
semi-monthly
literary paper, in
CHAPTER XIIL
EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS.
PaiOil
to the
1824, by \Vm. B. Stoddard, son of

printer in Hud.son.
It
was
disits
it
continued
existence
a
ill
1851.*
During the twenty-seven years of
Revolution no general system of education

All schools in existence previously were
or
its
able and judicious
management secured
of subscribers,
for
was established.
private
schools,
large
and
appreciative
list
who
early
wore
fostered
by
special
legislation.
learned to value and welcome us regular
visits,
and who
The
necessity and importance of
common
schools had not

to the wealth-
deeply deplored
its loss.
been recognized, and education was confined

ier classes.
in
ill
The Columbia and Greene Cuunfi/ Envoy was begun, lS:-il, by Edward G. Linslcy, and cuiitinued two years. The Diamond, semi-monthly, was published, in 1833,
F. Stone, at
also
At
the
first
meeting of the State Legislature,
the year 1787, Governor Clinton called the attention of
that
body
to the subject of education,
and a law was passed
by George
Hudson.
semi-monthly,
providing for the appointment of regents of the univereity.
The Magnolia,
was
pubiislicJ
at
Ill
178'J an apportionment of public lands
was made
for
Hud.son, in 1834, by P. Dean Carrique.
gospel and school purposes.
In
1793 the regents were
The Hudson Flail was published during the campaign

-
authorized to report" a general system of
common
schools,
and
The
Qrst
in
1795 Governor Clinton strongly recommended the

its
number w
l".l,
13:.M,an.I ihc
I:ist,
same, and urged
adoption
by the Legislature.
On
SiilurJay, Oct. 4, ISjl.
April 9 of that year a law was passed ' for the puipo.se of

encouraging and maintaining schools in the several
cities
NEW YORK.
law was submitted
to one.
121
abolished, and a tax on property for the entire expense of
and towns
in the State, in
which the children of the
In-
the schools provided.

people,
This
to
the
habitants of the State shall be instructed in the English
and
language, or be taught English grammar, arithmetic, mathematics,
taxes levied
distasteful,
But the under the law being unequal, the law became
ratified
by a vote of three
and such other branches of knowledge
as are
most
and remonstrances poured

its
into the next Legisit
useful and
tion."
necessary to complete a good English educathis act the
lature against
continuance, and in 1850
was again
By
sum of 20,000 pounds (New York

Under the law of 1795,
submitted
to the people
and again sustained, though by a

re-
currency), or 850,000, was appropriated annually for five

years for the support of schools.
decreased majority.
pealed,
In 1851 the free-school act was

again substituted.
and the
rate-bill
At
the time of
counties were required to raise at least half as
much
as
to
the repeal the
was received from the

be divided according
tauglit.
State,
to
and the public money was
distribution by a State tax, which in

cally
the
number of days of
school
made
free
sum of 8800,000 was provided for annual many districts practischools. Afterwards this sum was replaced
all
In 1798 there were 1352 schools organized, and

in
by an annual tax of three-fourths of a mill on

in the State,
property
59,660 children taught
them.
to
No
further legislation
making an increase
in the aggregate
and
in-
was had, except

1811, when
five
for additions
the school
fund, until
to report a
creasing with the wealth of the State.
In 1853 the act for

office
commissioners were appointed
union free schools was passed, and in 1854 the

superintendent of public
instruction*
of
complete system for the organization and establishment of
was
created.
On
common
became
to
schools.
The commissioners
reported a
bill,
which
April 13, 1855, a law was passed providing for the designation
a law in 1812,
by which the sum of 850,000 was
by the regents of the university of certain academies

free, the
be distributed annually
among
the counties, the boards
wherein teachers' classes might be instructed
State
of supervisors being required
to raise
an equal amount, the
allowing ten dollars for each pupil, not exceeding twenty

in each
whole
to
be distributed
in
among
the towns
and
districts.
academy.
April 12, 1856, the
office
of school com-
Three commissioners
each town were provided for to
missioner for counties was created, and that of town super-
superintend schools and examine teachers, and three inspectors in each district were to engage teachers and other-
intendent abolished.
In 1867 the
rate-bill
by.
was again abolished and the schools

to all, of every
wise provide for the local
necessities of the schools, the
supported entirely
school- houses being
a tax on property, the doors of the
whole system
to
be placed under a State superintendent.

first
thrown wide open
shade
Gideon Hawley was the

position until 1821,
superintendent, and held the
of
color, political or religious opinion,

life.
and of every condi-
when
it.
the office was abolished, and the
tion in
secretary of state charged

duties pertaining to
with the performance of the

efforts,
The permanent
chiefly as follows
school fund of the State was derived
Mr. Hawley, by his
con-
tributed largely to the
advancement of the school system.

office
1799.Sevcn-eightha of four
gate
lotteries of $100,000, aggre-
After the abolition
of the
of superintendent,
the
1805.
1801. One-half of
duties of the office could not be properly or promptly per-
Proceeds of
lotteries for
$100^00
;
JS7,50n 50,000
formed
l)y the secretary of state,
owing
to the press of his

1316.
500,000 acres of land sold stock subscribed in Merchants' Bank, and increased in 1S07
other duties, and governors every succeeding year urged
upon the Legislature the necessity of

schools,
a better system of
and of laws
to correct obvious defects in existing
laws.
In 1835 departments of teachers were established
in
eight academies, one in

district library
each
senatorial
district.
In
1838 the
district,
system was established by law, by
a tax levy of twenty dollars on the taxable property in the
and ten
dollars annually thereafter,

it
which law was
modified in 1851, making
discretionary with the super-
visor of the town to levy the tax.
In 1838 855,000 was
proceeds of Crumhorn mountain tract of 6941* acres, amounting to 1319. One-haff of arrears of quit-renta An exchange of pecurities between general and coniiDon school fund, by which the school fund gained Proceeds of escheated lands given. 1322. By constitution, all public lands amounting to 991,659 acres were given to the school fund. 1327. Balance of loan of 1781) Bank stock owned by the State Cnnul stock owned by the Plate 1838. From the revenue of the United Slates deposit fund annually And an additional sum from same fund fur libraries
Ooc-half
and 1^08.
5,203 20,690
101,611
3.'i,6l6
lOU.OOU 150,000
110.000 55,000
appropriated by the State for libraries, and counties and
The sum of 825,000 from

States deposit
the revenue of the United

to
is
towns were required

purpo.se.
to raise
an
ecjual
amount
for the
same
fund
is
annually added
the
cotuuion-
school fund, and the capital of this fund

office
declared by the
In 1841 the
for counties
of deputy superintendent of schools In
constitution to be inviolate.
was
created.
1843 the board of town
in-
spectors and commissioners of schools was abolished and
SCHOOLS
I.N
COLU.MBIA COLXTY.
the office of town superintendent substituted.
On May
7,
In the ancient documents, which contain most of the

obtainable colonial history of the territory
1844, the State normal school was provided

at
for,
and opened
now comprised
in
Albany
in
December
following.
Nov. 13, 1847, the

of the best friends of
Columbia county, the

tional
earliest reference to schools or

in
educa-
Legislature abolished the office of county superintendent,

against the earnest protest of
matters
affairs,
is
found
a declaration concerning
some
many
church
signed by four residents of Kiiiderhook, and
education in the State.

tutes,
During
for
this session teachers' instiye.ars
dated Nov. 30, 1702, in which they allude to a
man named
which had existed
several
as
voluntary
26,
Paulus
Van
Vleck,
who
"
was accepted as precentor and

of ihi:
associations,
were legally established.
March
1849,
in had the
first office
free schools were established
throughout the State,
rate-bills
ihc L'niled States
16
12-2

Joghem
to
NEW YORK.
to
schoolmaster of our church," and also mentioning
be raised was an amount equal
that received from the
Lammersen and Hendrick Abelsen

decessors in those oflBces.
that
as
having been h\a preto establish the fact

settled,
State, being $1412.12.
In 1830, a committee of the board

twenty-five
This seems
pioneers,
of supervisors recommended the payment of
among
the
Dutch
who
the north-
cents to school inspectors for each examination of teachers,
western and central parts of the county, the school was but
and
fifty
cents per visit to the schools,
and thought that a

visits
an adjunct of the church, and the probability that
in their
it is
liberal
compensation, and that no more than two

for.
per
communities the two institutions were coeval.

also probable that,
And
the
day should be paid
beyond the mysteries of the alphabet and

instruction
From 1795
to the present
time there has been received

to the several
spelling-book,
the
imparted by
in
its
church
from the State for distribution

support of schools the
towns
for the
"schoolmaster" was chiefly religious
nature,* corre-
sum of $465,700, and during

raised
the
sponding
to the " catechising"
system which was in use for

the
same period there has been

in the county, for the
by taxes on the property
more than two
centuries
among
New England
Puritans
same purpose, the sura of S584,500.f

all
and their descendants.

In the southern part of the county, among the Palatine
settlers,
At
very early date.
office
the present time,

is
of the county, excepting the city
of Hudson,
divided for school purposes into two districts,
schoob were
also established at a
each under charge of a school commbsioner.
These are
There, however,
we
find
no mention of the separate

charge of the minister.
known
are
as
commissioner
districts,
numbers one and two, and Ancram, Claverack,
of " precentor and schoolmaster," but the schools appear to
composed as follows
have been under the

school opened,
sole
The
first
District No. 1 embraces the towns of
and school-house buUt,

in
in that settlement is
;
Clermont, Copake, Gallatin, Germantown, Greenport, Livingston,
supposed to have been
the year 1711

still
the supposition
existence
and Taghkanic.
Hillsdale,
being confirmed by an old receipt,

the colonial documents
in
is
in
among
District No. 2 includes the towns of Austerlitz, Canaan,
the office of the secretary of state,

a copy
:
Chatham, Ghent,
Kinderhook,
New
Lebanon,
of which the following
Stuyvesant, and Stockport.

"Jan.
18, 1711.
The
city of
Hudson forms
a third subdivision, and the
have received of Robert Livingston 40 Boards for je scbool-house in palateyn town, called Queensbury, and desire kid Livingston to seed for ye s'd use 30 Boards now to Compleat ye
to
"I acknowledge
commissioners of each of the three report independently.
From
the latest (June 30, 1877) reports of these commis-
school-bouse.
sioners are
" Job. Fb. Haeger, Min."
taken the following
statistics
relative to
the
schools of the county, viz.
At
a later date, a certain tract of land was set apart for
the use of " the Palaiine minister," but upon the condition
that " he shall likewise teach a school."
The whole number of school districts in the county was Of which the number of union free-school districts
was
ISO
'1
At
Linlithgo, in
The whole number

Whole
the
a school of
some
sort
was taught,
as early
all
under the encouragement of the lord of the manor,

as 1722.
of school-houses was, frame, 164; brick, 13; stone, 8 total number of licensed teachers employed at the same time for a period of twenty-eight weeks or
;
185
that
is
The above now known of
general facta comprehend about
more during the preceding year Whole number of children of school oge
Total average daily attendance Total amount of public school money apîortioned to districts in the county for preceding year Total raised by tax for schools for same time Total amount paid for teachers' wages in same time Total number volumes in district libraries Total value of same Total value school-houses and sites
the schools of this section during the

its first
216 16.013 4883,219

S31,783.09 854,031.71 $83,821.02 3965
century that succeeded
settlement.
On
the 27th of March, 1791, a special act was passed
authorizing " the building of a school-house and the maintaining of a schoolmaster" in the town of Clermont, out of
$3390
$142,488.00
" the monies arising from excise and other sources, in the
hands of the overseers of the poor, but not needed

port of the poor," and Robert R. Livingston,
for sup-
There were
having a
pupils.
at the
same time within the county twenty-
Samuel Ten
one private schools (not including incorporated seminaries),

total
Broeck, John Cooper, William Wilson, Marks Blatner, and
attendance of about two hundred and sixty
George Best were authorized

the act.
to carry
out the provisions of
Seminaries and private schools have from early times

first
The
year,
first
public school moneys were distributed to the

in
been numerous, generally excellent, and well supported
in
towns of Columbia
1795, under the act of

to
.\pril
9 of that
and amounted
1372
act,
\2s. GJ. (S3431,56).
The
The first of these institutions was the Washington Academy, established at Claverack in 1777,
Columbia county.
by Rev. Dr. Gebhard, pastor of the Reformed church.
This and others of
in the histories
its
school tax was raised that year, the

viz.,
amount being that
required by the aforesaid
received from the State, 1715.78.
amount In 1798, the amount

one-half the
kind arc mentioned more
in detail
of the respective towns and city
in
which
they are or have been located.

* Dominie .Schaets, a salary of
SflO
who became
the minister at Rcnsselaerswyck, at
Earnest religious feeling was a marked characteristic of

the early Dutch immigrants.
religious
guilders, was, by Ibe terms of his agrecraoni, not only to attend to his regular pastoral duties, but " to teach also tho Cate-
With them
usually
in the
settlement and
organization
were
almost simultaneous.
chism
Holy Scriptures, and to pay attention to the office of schoplmasler for old and young." Whether he performed these offices at Kinderhook and Claverack is not known, though it is quite certain that the .\lbany ministers
Ihere,
in (he
and instruct the people
Wherever they made
their
homes
new western land

eal
f These Sgures
are approximate only,

the exact
nd are
preached at stated intervals

time after their formation.
to both those
churches for a considerable
amount probably,
tainable.
amounts
in
s(
years not being ob-
123

there they hastened to set up God's altar, and
service their
first
made His
portion
the guilty four were, notwithstanding " the Could Winter
duty and chief delight.

first
and the Great Damage," compelled
to
journey
to
New
York,
That the sober Hollanders who

of Albany county were different
other
settled this
where, as we learn from the minutes of the council, March

11, 1702, ''John van Alen, Coenraedt Borghghrdt, Abra-
in this
respect from the

is
Dutch
settlers
of the valley of the Hudson, there
ham van
this
Alstyn, and
this
Lammert Jansen appeared
before
ntfTeason to believe; though we find that in the year 1677
Board
day
in
obedience to an order of Councill,
the Dutch church at the town of Albany

to
felt called
upon
and they acknowledging their error and submitting themselves thereon, were discharged with a caution to be
carefidl for the future ;"
denounce " the shameful violation of the Sabbath, especially that committed by the inhabitants of Kinderhook,"
more
and there
is little
doubt that they
and
to petition the council that
measures might
at
once be
gave heed
to the official
it
admonition.
taken to bring the offenders to speedy and severe punish-
From
the above
appears evident that in those days of
ment.
What
action, if any,
was taken by the council
in
the colony of
at least to
New
York, church and state were united,

fiat
the matter does not appear.
such extent as made the
of the governor as
It also appears
For lack of any further evidence of record concerning the religious condition of the people of Kinderhook or its
vicinity
supreme
was no
in religious, as in secular matters.
probable, almost to a certainty, that in the year

religious organization at
in
1677 there
;
during the succeeding quarter of a century, we
Kinderhook
had had
but
it
is
pass to certain entries in the minutes of the colonial council,

as follows
shown conclusively that

and a church
1702 there was both a church

and that
it
edifice there,
at least
two
"Order
ix Codmcill,
Nov.
12, 1702.
precentors before the proscribed
Van VIeck
took the
office.
" His Excellency in Councill being inTormed that one Paulus Van VIeck hath lately wandered about the country preaching, notwithstanding he hath been formerly forbid by his Excellency to do the
It can therefore be said with confidence that the first relig-
ious organization in
what
is
now Columbia county was
that
by somo of the Inhabitants of Kinderhook to be their Clark without any License from his Excellency for so doing, It is hereby ordered that the high Sheriff of the county of Albany do take care to send the s'd Van VIeck down by the first
same, and
is
lately called
of the Reformed Dutch church at Kinderhook, and that
was formed between the years 1677 and 1700. For the date of the establLshment of the Reformed church at Clavcrack we depend entirely on tradition, which
this
tells
opportunity to answer for his contempt before this board."
us that
;
it
was formed but
little later
than that at Kintheir
This order brought out the following deplaration, made
derhook
but, as
we know
for
that for a
number of years
it
by
certain people of
Kinderhook
in
Van
Vleck's favor
1702.
only dependence
preaching was upon the occasional
" KlXDERHOOK, the 30th Novemb.,
Anno Domine
services of the minister of the church at Albany,
seems
" In the
first
year of the Reign of her Majesty Amxe, Queen of
most
likely that
upon the occasions of
his visits the people
England, Scotland, Ireland, and France, Defender of the Faith, We,

the undersigned inhabitants of Kinderhook patent, acknowledge
of both Kinderhook and Claverack worshiped together at

the former place (the distance from Claverack not being
great),
and
Declare that Paulus van VIeg during the whole of the time that he
and that they continued

first
to
do for a considerable
Driessen,
hath resided here, and since he was accepted as Precentor and school-
master of our Church, hath truly comported himself

content of our congregation, and that in
to
all
to
the Great
time after the
organization.
The Revs. Van
the time he
in
preach he hath never preached in house or barn or
was forbid any place in
Lydius, and Dellius were ministers of the Albany church
who preached
the
word
to the people here in the
days when
Kinderhook, but that he performed the office of Precentor as one Hendrick Abelsen before his death hath done in Kinderhook We
;
they were poor and feeble.
have received said Paulus Van Vleg because one Jogbem Lamersen (who was our Precentor here) hath resigned the precentorship, and frequently complained that he could not perform its duties any We further declare that the above-named Paulus van Vleg longer. never took away the key of our church, but that we brought it to him in his house. "YoHANNE-S VAN .^LEN.
The Reformed church

ingston,
at Linlithgo, in Livingston
efforts of
manor,
was formed about 1721, through the
Robert Liv-
who
built the
it
church
edifice
from his own means.
The
first
services in
were held by Dominie Pctrus Van
Driessen, of the
visitin" tours to the preaching stations at
Albany church, probably on one of his Kinderhook and

Germantown,
or
"COEXRAET BonCRCIIRDT.
"
Claverack.
"Abra-U van Alstvn. Lammert van Yavsan."
The formation of the Dutch church

Driessen,
at
East Camp, took place in 1728, under Rev. Johannes
Van
For their impertinence the above signers were summoned

to
who a.-sumed
tht^
its
pastoral
duties in
connection
appear and answer before the governor and council
in
with those of
Linlithgo.
churches at Claverack, Kinderhook, and

four church
New
York.
ghrdt, addressed a petition to the irovernor,
Whereupon one of them, Coenraet Borchhumbly bog-
The
in
formations above mentioned
were the besinnings of Reformed worship (the oldest of the

denominationaj
the county.
"Your
E.tceH'y favor to
Refer the Case
till
the ^=pring of the

to
Next
after
tho
Reformed came the Lutheran form of
year by Reason of the Could Winter and Ilconveniuneys
my
Great
worship, which vas held
among
the Palatines at the East

This,
D.^mage of
my
family
or If
the Case to be Decidcii
Your Excell. Would be Pleased to Referr by any Justice or Justices of the Peace In
sh.ill
Camp
It
immediately after their arrival there.
how-
Our County
the
whom your
of,
Lordship
Please
to apoint,
which favour
ever, could hardly be
termed a regular church organization.

there was probably no
its
Knowledge
of y'r Excellency's
honour
an. I Justice gives
me
no
did not prove permanent, and

for
Reason to Doubt always pray."

Tliis petition
and your
PL-titiouer
as in
Duly bound
shall
church building ever erected

minister in
worshipers.
Their
1711 appears
to
have been John Frederick

still
was
''
Read
in
Councill and Rejected,' liSth
Haeirer, as there are
documents
in
existence at
Albany
January,
ITOI:!
and upon a ?ecuiiJ and [lercmptury summons,
bearing that date, and his signature as minister at the East
124

What
does not appear quite intelligible, however,
NEW
YORK.
Camp.
is
the fact that this
same clergyman
the
is
found
few years
later
heading
a petition for
building of a house to be
manoer aforesaid, which will remain a MonuiDent of yo'r Piety, and where yoV Petitioners will in their joint Publiok as in their Private Prayers as in Duty bound ever Pray for yo'r E.xeellency's prosperity,
(Signed)
"John
Fit. H.iEiiKn."
used for worship according to the forms of the Church of
England.
The
at
petition,
which was made on behalf of the remaining

after the
Lutheran church was established
Churchtown
fin
remnant of the Palatines,

migrated
to
main body of them had

origi-
Clavcrack) before 1750, one on Livingston manor in 17G4,
the " Schoharie country," leads to the belief
and one
in
Ghent before the Revolution.

the
The church
at
that, after their departure, these
had abandoned their and
Kinderhook was formed about 1825.
nal
Lutheran worship and
for
some unknown cause) adopted

;
The disagreemenls between

churches were very bitter
in
Reformed and Lutheran
that of the Established church
it is also
noticeable that
the town of
Albany;* but
it
Mr. Haeger, who had been

their leader
their minister in
1711, was
still
does not appear that they ever extended to this part of the
county.
under the new form of worship which they had

the fact that the prayer of the petitioners was
is
adopted.
On
the 31st of October, 1817, there was held at Church-
Beyond
granted
town, in Ciaverack, a " Celebration of the Centurial
Day
there
nothing to show what was
its
result,
of the Reformation,"
at
which there was

all
a vast concourse
whether or not the church building was erected, how regularly
of people, embracing clergymen of

in the county,
the denominations
and successfully they sustained that form of worship,

long
it
who
vied with each other in exhibitions
and
or
how
continued
to
be observed by them.
expressions of kindly and fraternal feeling.
Of
this the
During a period of eighty years from that time there appears to have been no other Episcopalian organization here,
Northern Whig of'November own example, manifested to

gentlemen from the
towns,
city of
11 said,
"
The
clergy, in their
a large company, composed of
the next being the church which was formed at
Hudson
in
Hudson and
that
the neighboring
1795, and which for
many
years
was the only one of the
who dined with them,
religious tolerance
and
denomination
in
the county.
This, as well as those of sub-
the absence of prejudice which ought to characterize the

society of good men,
sequent organization, are elsewhere noticed.

Presbyterian-Congregational worship was regularly established before the Revolution, its principal seat being in those
inasmuch
as they are
in
all
heirs of the
same kingdom of the common Father

of
Heaven."
The Church of England was first established in the colony New York in 1686, Bishop Compton being at that time
all ecclesiastical
eastern
towns of the county which were largely settled

Massachusetts and other
by people from
States.
New
England
a
authorized "to exercise
jurisdiction in the
Congregational church (now the " Church in
Plantations," including the licensing of schoolmasters com-
Christ") was formed at
New
Concord not
far
from 1770
ing hither from England
and the bishop's power was ex-
Presbyterian church at Spencertown about 1761.

gregational and Presbyterian church
a log building in
Conin
pressly declared in colonial instructions.
The
earliest ref-
commenced worship
erence to Episcopalian worship within the territory
now
New Lebanon
time.
about 1772, and one in
Columbia county
It
is
is
found in one of the Palatine documents.
Chatham about the same

was formed
in Austerlitz
Congregational church
"
clerk,
The humble petition of John Frederick Haeger, John Cast, and Godfrey De Wolvcn, on behalf of
8,
about 1792.
The
Presbyterian
;
church at Hudson was organized about 1790
that in Ca-
themselves and upwards of sixty families of Palatines in
naan commenced in 1829; that at Hillsdale about 1830;
Dutchessf county," and dated Oct.
1715.
After reciting
and one was organized

and Canaan as early
haps the
at Valatie in
1833.
in New Lebanon New Lebanon was
that they had always attended divine service as decently as

possible, but with great difficulty, for lack of a convenient
There were Baptist organizations both

as
1776.
That
in
place to shelter
them from the
iiiLleiucncy of the weather,

to
ministered to by the Rev. Joseph

earliest
Mcacham, who was
per-
that they held themselves

tract,
bound
continue on the Palatine

to
preacher of that persuasion

limits
and that nothing could contribute so much
render
within the
present
at Flat
of
the county.
its
who labored The Canaan

in
that settlement comfortable to the petitioners as a place of
church met
Brook, but
duration was not long.
public worship, they proceeded as follows
Another organization was

and has continued
ganizatioti
effected in the
same town
1793,
"Your
Iheln
in length
petitioners huihbly I'ray that yi'r K.veeliency will grant
until the
at
present time.
A
at
Baptist or-
Y.mr License for hiiilding a ehureh ill Kingsherry, of .î.vty feet and forty feet in width, to perfirni Divine .-êrviee aecunling to the Liturgy and Ritei of the Church of Kngland. as by Law Kstablishcd, and al.-<o to grant your Petition, rs the Liljerty to Crave the la\ or and Chanty of well-disposed I'eople lor such aid aud assistance as may enable them to Krcct such a I'hice for Divine .Service in til
Anions iHe
was had
Baptist
Hillsdale about
1787.
The West
this denomi-
Hillsdale
i
church was organized

.services
Cniryville in
1803, and ten years later regular

nation were
j
by
commenced
in
East Chatham.
It is
not easy to say at what date meetings for worship held in this county by the Methodists.
were
.)l,l
first
The Rev.
Meth-
,loc
Allir
vior uin.if iiy
Freeborn
Garretson,
who married commenced

in
daughter of Judge
as an itinerant
(i.)iciDor Andriis, dateil
Nov.
fi,
lli74,
which
rc:uls as follows
" I'lTniitt uniJ Suffer ihc Hi-ariT hi-icof, Doiuine

iiis,
Livingston, of Clermont,
in
Bi^rnarJua Arsi'n-
10 r:issc
fr.iTii
honcc [X. Y.]
to Alhaiiy,
1=
w.lh his Nfccsfarys,

to
odist preacher in
1775, and was,

circuits
178S, appointed preRoclielle

to
the .^loopu wiicreuf Clai-s Tyson

I'listor
master, and
Ollifiate tli.To as
siding elder of
Chaiiiplnin
upiin
;
all
from
New
Lake
doubt
of the Augustine or Lutheran e.lll^'êsati.ln as Inrinerly iiinlcr

..I
and, as his residence was at Rhinebeck, almost

little
the English iiovt., itliut any niai.iiLr

t.lei.,11
l.cit,
hm.lranee, ur
iiioles-
whatsoever."
the border of this county, there can be

:ls
Kasl Cainp
was thin a part

0111,1
..f
bnlclless, not lieing cede.l to
that as early
the years uf the
Revolutionary war he
there were certainly
Alh.uiv ,-uiinlv
ITir.
performed missionary work
here, xs

Methodist people
in
NEW
YORK.
125
several of the eastern

first
towns of the
county from the time of their
settlement.
Methodist church organization

son, in
in
the county was at
The first Hudyear
1790.
in
Other churches of the denomination were

at
formed
Chatham and
in
Red Rock
in
Canaan
in
in the
1800, a second
in Hillsdale in
Canaan was organized
1804, and one
1807, by Rev. William Swayze.
From
those
its
days the church within the county has increased to

present prosperous and flourishing condition.
The
first
Friends' meeting in the county was formed at
Rayville, about the year 1777, and soon after
numbered
estab-
about forty members.

lished immediately
settlers there, in
The meeting
at
Hudson was
upon the
arrival of the
New England
1784.
In Ghent, the Friends were organ-
Thomas Scattergood, of Philawho first held open-air meetings there in 1793. The sect is now much less numerous in the county than in
ized
through the
efforts of
delphia,
former years.
The
It
is
Universalist society in
Hudson was formed

is
in
1817.
large
and prosperous, but
the only one of the de-
nomination in the county.
society of the " Christian

in
Church
"
was organized
in
Canaan
which
1829, and a second at Clermont in 1833.

Catholic worehip was
That
is
located in Austcrlitz was organized about 1851.
Roman
or
commenced
in
Chatham
in
about the year
1855.
There are now seven

all
other
churches of this religion in the county, but

date of organization.
of a recent
In the above brief mention of the different religious
denominations we have aimed
at
but
little
more than
to
give the dates of their respective beginnings within the

limits of
Columbia county.
will
The
different churches of each
denomination
be found
in
specially
mentioned
located,
is
in
the
histories of the
towns
which they arc

Lebanon.
and an
extended account of the Shaker community

history of the town of
given in the
New
The
following
statistics
of the different
churches
in
Columbia county
sus of 1875.
for,
are taken
from the
New York
State cen-
Their absollite accuracy cannot be vouched
though they are undoubtedly very nearly correct:
.African
IS^M'ti^'
M. E.
Zi.
10.50
r.iTJ,
li.iO
r,l
fil:!
#11.200 44.000
j,..00
11,1100
Chrisiiim
170
1
500 Ev. Luthc

Fric-n.ls
I
101
12
1
4(]00
4:!ll'
IJOO
'J4
101.100
.1,200
l..',00
llic-ksitu)
200
7J
Fricii.ls (Ortho.l.ix)
1
I
1,000
2'J0:i
Jewish
Mi-ihoclist Episcopiil
2.S
,
Presbyterian
I'roli-stnnt E|iisco|ial
Iltfi.rini?d
97o0 2S75
2II7U,
l.)7.00U
s:i,iioii
2
1
1
790
6:il
101. Soo
lO.'i.OOO
10
7
1
7200
277.')
23'JO
Kiitniin Ciitholic
432j
271
00,0{IO
1.J.00O
Shakt^rs
ILliSl.
1000
126

STATISTICAL TABLE,
OfBcera
NEW
YORK.
1877.
and
Teachera.
Town
Secbetarirs.
Aocram
Austerlitz
49
13
10
!
Canaan Chatham
ClermoDt
Clarcrack
166 30
lU
Copake
Gallatin
Greenport German town
Ghent
Hillsdale
Hudson
Kinderhook
Livingston
108 292
New Lebanon
Stockport.
Stuyresant
Tagbkanic
Schools not reporting, estimated.
253 208 300 828 loO 602 169 133 122 258 324 335 2138 853 262 183 364 220 49 280
109 67 106 307
431 324 472

1,301
"205
67
105 126 202 173 112
180 918 275 219 198 413 535 645

2,603
886 396 304 441 274

79
392
233 205 240 795 100 607 140 158 127 205 295 318 1869 572 229 188 285 182 35 200
S31.00 50.00 115.09 505.42
A.
.\.
Vosburgh.
L. S. GriswolJ. Rulph Hall.
"lesiW
49.75 32.70 294.25 8.56 208.13 118.70
William B. Howl; Nelson Coons. W. A. Harder, Jr.
d.
James
E. Strever.
2058.09 725.79
85.50 52.24 99.60 81.00 37.57 50.00
Rev. D. B. Wyckoff. Rev. J. S. Ilimrod. Rev. James Wyckoff. Rev. S. A. Weikert. Levi Coona. A. S. Peet.
A. Abbott.
Robert Hood. W. Bacon. Gustavus Rodlno. Alfred Ostrom. George Best.

0.
Total
At the
international Sunday-school convention, held in
year 1:690, ia-'sfaown- by the fdcb that Wiuthr op's tmops,
Atlanta, Ga., in April of this year (1878), this State was one of the seven " banner States" which could report every
who came through from Hartford In

in
that year, were a
week
reaching Kinderhook " through the wilderness."
There
county organized.
;.|V
was, however, a practicable road through to Massachusetts
MORAL
SOCIETIES,
having for their object " to oppose and reform the prevailing disregard of the Sabbath," were formed here about the
commencement of the boundary or anti-rent war, 1751-52; and before 1714 (as is shown by Realty's map, made in that year) " the king's highway" had been opened from Oak Hill, on the Hudson, eastward to Tagbbefore the
in
On the 10th of January, in that year, the year 1814. " Columbia Moral Society" was formed at Hudson, a sermon by
casion.
kanic,
and there were roads running nearly across the presits
ent county, in
northern part.
The
first
road traversing
the Rev. Azariah Clark being preached on the oc-
the county from north to south was the " old post-road,"
The
rolls
of the society bore a great number of

influential people of the county.
leading from Albany to
New
York, through Kinderhook,

early as
names of the best and most
Claverack, and Livingston.

lished
As
1684
it
was estab-
Auxiliaries to the county society were formed in Ciaverack, Kinderhook, Livingston, and other towns immediately after,
by authority " that the 3 pence

; ;
rates for riding post be, per
mile,
for every single letter, not
above 100 miles,
and the example
set here
was soon followed
in
3 pence
if
more, proportionably."
the adjoining county of Berkshire, Mass.
We
have been
On
the 24th of November, 1750, an act was passed for
unable to ascertain
societies.
much of
the later operations of the.se
the regulating and laying out of highways, of which that

part having reference to this part of
follows
are,
:
"
The
persons herein
Albany county was as named shall be, and hereby
appointed commissioners to regulate highways, and to
CHAPTER
XIV.
lay out such publick Roads' as
may
still
be necessary, and
to
;
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
RoiiJs.^tagc- Routes Turnpikes Steambciats Railroads.
are hereby fully authorized
and empowered
put
.
in
.
Exeis
cution the several Services intended by this act

to
that
say,
For the Manor of Livingston, from the southern:
"The
Dutch
true,
are great improvers of land," said
Gov;
most bounds thereof unto the bounds of Claverack

Livingston, Jr., Lendert Conyn, and Direk
Robert
;
ernor Nicolls in his report on the condition of the colony
Ten Brook
for
which was
beyond
all
doubt, but the same would not
Claverack, from the southernmost bounds thereof to the
have been applicable

roads.
to their
building and improvement of
boundary of Kinderhook
To
the
all
first settlers
along the river-bank, the stream

;
Van
to
Rensselaer, and Casparus
John Van Rensselaer, Henry Conyn; for Kinderhook,
furnished
the highway they cared for or needed

others
and
from the southernmost bounds thereof, through the woods

Greenbush, including
to
all
when, a
little later,
came and
located a short distance

their lands to the river,
to
the inhabitants along the Road,
inland, a rough
"wagon-way" from
filled all
though they belong

Cornelius
the
enabling them to take their grain and other produce
a point
Van
Schaack, Tobias
Manor of Rensselaerswyck Van Burren, Barrent Van
where asloop could land,
their requirements for travel
Burren."
and transportation.
Labadist brothers,
Such were the roads traversed by the
The
county
date of the
is
first
passage of mail-stages through this

it is
who
visited the country
back from Clav-
not exactly known, but
probable that
it
was
crack and Kinderhook Landings about 1680.
That there
in the
not until after the Revolution.
Among
the Sir William
were no roads across the mountains to the eastward,
Johnson documents
is
found an allusion
to the mail service

between Albany and
NEW
YORK.
The Dutch
127
New
York,
in
1772, as follows:
to for
"
The
have now been surrendered.

"
settlers asked,
mail to be sent weekly from

side of the River
New York
Albany, up one
and down the other,

;"
which an extra
100
is
to
be allowed
the presumption being strong that
do we want with turnpikes? Our grandfathers had none, and why cannot we do without them as well as they But the Dutch farmers of Columbia county were did ?"
What
this service
was performed on horseback.
environed by
New England
influence.
Transplanted
New
In 1786 an act of Assembly was passed granting to Isaac
Van Wyck, Talmage

between Albany and
river, for a
Hall,
and John Kinney the exclusive

the east side of Hudson's
all
Englanders were intrenched upon their west at Hudson, and New England itself lay just across the Taghkanic hills
to the east,
right " to erect, set up, carry on, and drive stage-wagons"
New York, on
;
points was
term of ten years
and restraining
opposition
State
and therefore a turnpike-road between these two It was the third turnpike in the inevitable. chartered in 1799, and built in that year and in
to the
to
them by a penalty of 200.
They were
to
have and
1800, running from Hudson city
Massachusetts
line,
furnish at least two covered wagons, each drawn by four

able hoi-ses
;
the fare to be limited to fourpence per mile,
through the towns of Hudson, Greenport, Claverack, TaghThe kanic, Copake, and Hillsdale, about twenty miles.
first
under any circumstances.

least
Trips were to be performed at
once a week, under penalty of forfeiture of charter.
son,
This company advertised that during the season of good

roads their stage-wagons would perform the journey in two
days, with a charge of only threepence per mile
in time of
;
meeting of the company was held in the city of Hudand the following-named persons were chosen directors Thomas Jenkins, Elisha Jenkins, Rufus Backus, Samuel Edmonds, Robert Jenkins, Stephen Miller, John Hager:
but that
bad roads, "
for the ease of the passengers," the
time of running through would be lengthened to three days,
man, Benjamin Haxtun, Elisha Pitkin, Isaac Northrup, Paul Dakin, Thomas Power, and Jacob R. "Van Rensselaer. At a subsequent meeting, Elisha Pitkin was chosen president, Robert Jenkins clerk, and
and the price
raised to fourpence
per mile, " agreeably to
Elisha Jenkins treasurer.
act of assembly."
The
termini of the route were at Coe's

in
Capital stock, 825,000.
tavern, in Albany,
and Lewis' tavern,
New York
and
The
the stopping-place in the city of

tavern.
Hudson was
at Kellogg's
Pitkin served three years
Elisha following persons have served as president Nathaniel Greene, four years
:
Thomas Jenkins, two

following
is
years; Alexander Coffin, twenty-eight
The
1793.
year:
a copy of an advertisement of a line
(apparently a
It is
new
line) of stages starting
on the route in
in that
years; Elisha Jenkins, eight years; Samuel Rossitcr, three years Alexander Jenkins, two years Job B. Coffin, four
;
from the Hudson Gazette of Oct. 25,
years
Benjamin F. Deuell, twenty-five

toll in
;
years.
The board commenced taking

This turnpike
is still is
November, 1800.
"The public nre ioformed that the Lise of Stages will commence ruaning from N. Y. to Albany, i from Alb. to N. V., on .Monday, the 4th of Nov. The carriages will leave the aforesaid cities every Monday and Thursday mornings, and deliver the passengers every
Monday and
less
in operation
the present president
of the corporation
Benjamin F. Deuell.
The Other turnpikes followed in quick succession. Rensselaer and Columbia turnpike, of which John Tryon,
Eleazer Grant, and others were the corporators, was chartered in the same year (1799) " to run from the line of
the State of Massachusetts, where the road from Pittsfield and Hancock leads by the springs in Canaan, by the house of Elisha Gilbert and others, to the ferry near the house of John I. Van Rensselaer." The " Hudson and Livingston turnpike" was chartered in 1802, and the " Ancram and
Sat.
evenings.
carriages.
The
line
will
be well supplied with
Horses, harness,
Only 10 persons can be admitted, un-
with the consent of the passengers. The proprietors do not hold themselves responsible for the loss of baggage, each passenger will
any weight between 14 i, 30 to lb. gratis be paid for at the rate of 150 lbs. as a passenger any weight above 50 the props, do not hold themselves bound to carry, but if carried must Extra carriages may be pd. for in prop'n to size and convenience.
be permitted to carry 14
;
;
bo had by applying
bel Ely,
to Mr. Slay, Cortlandt Albany 4 Kinderhook."
St.,
N. Y., or to Mr. Ash-
Susquehanna turnpike"
in
1804;
its
route being
nearly
in
That there was,

tains to
in
1735, no mail route across the mounis
" King's identical with that of the old
Highway"
the
New England
evident from the announcement
made
manor of Livingston.
The "Chatham Turnpike- road"
by the proprietors of the Iluilson Gazette, on the 7th day of

April, in that year, to the effect that " the printers inform
was incorporated April 10, 1804, the corporators being Peter I. Vosburgh, Bartholomew I. Van Volkenburgh,
the public that they have agreed to establish a post, to ride
John Goes,
Jr.,
.Medud Buth-r, John Rodgers,
Abraham
I.
weekly
to Litchfield,
Conn., where he will exchange papers
Van
Vleck, John
"
A. Van Buren, Lupton Warner, and
with the posts from Boston, Hartford, and
New Haven,"
;
others.
and, in 1787, they reminded the public that " the post-rider
The
" for
has ridden almost half a year, not asking for pay
he now
" Hillsdale and
requests pay in good merchantable grain, of any kind, or

flax at cash price.*
Highland turnpike" was chartered in 1804. The Chatham" was incorporated April 2, 1805, improving the road from the house of David Crossman,
Massachusetts
line, to intersect
Jr., near the
the Rensselaer
Next came the
era of turn pike-roads, of
which
at
one
time Columbia had probably a greater mileage than any
and Columbia tun. pike, or the present post-road leading After these were chartered from Kinderhook to Albany."
the " Claverack to Ancram, 1805 1808; the " Canaan and Chatham," in same year the " Hudson Branch turnpike," to improve town of the road " from the house of Fite Miller, in the
county in the State, of
its
size,
but nearly
all
of which
the " Branch turnpike
'
and
etc.,
Hill.sdalo," in
;
* This post-rider did a kind of e.\pres3 business in small parcels, and was particularly requested by some of the enterprising
traders or hair-workers of
Hudson
to
bring
in all
the " long
human
hair" which he could collect on bis route through the remote setttenicnts.
Livingston," to Hudson,
pike,"
in
1812
the
" Farmers'
turn-
Hudson
to
Troy, in 1813; and others, of which few
12S

now
in existence,
NEW
YORK.
to the
are
and few ever proved of any advantage,
Having both returned

menced,
craft,
United States, Fulton com-
cither to their corporators or to the people of the county.
in
1806, the building of that small, but historic
the ' Clermont," built with funds furnished by Mr.
STEAMBO.\T NAVIQ.\TION.
Livingston, and
named
for his
Columbia county
estate.*
The
u.?e
first
attempt to navigate the Hudson river, by the
It is needless to repeat the
well-known but melancholy story
of .team as a propelling power, was
made, not by
of her construction, of the jeers, the ridicule, the open insults
Robert Fulton,
lieved,
as has very generally been asserted
and be-
which constantly
assailed her heroic projector from the

final
but by a resident of Columbia county, Chancellor

It
laying of her keel to the hour of her

project," wrote
triumph.
"
The
Robert R. Livingston.
in addition to his
appears that the chancellor, who,
Fulton to a friend, " was viewed by the
pre-eminent legal and literary attainments,
public, either with indifference or with contempt, as a vision-
was endued with a mechanical turn of mind, had planned
ary scheme.
shy.
My
friends indeed were
civil,
but they were
some improvements on Watt's engine, and afterwards conceived the idea of applying
it
They
listened with patience to
my
explanations, but
to the
purposes of navigation
with a settled cast of incredulity on their countenances.
though whether
it
this
was an original thought, or whether
Never did a
hope, or a
single
word of encouragement or of bright
was suggested by the then recent experiments of Fitch

England, docs not appear.
warm
wish, cross
my
path.
Silence itself
its
was
in
upon the Delaware, or of Cartwright and other inventors

in
but politeness, veiling doubts or hiding
reproaches."
The
little
vessel
was launched
in
boat intended for the application of his idea was con-
August, 1807.
feet
;
Her dimensions were

;
the East river,

length, one
hundred
structed for
him
at a
place called
of Tivoli, in the year 1797, by a
De Koven's bay, man named Nisbet

employed
in
south
;
width, twelve feet
depth, seven
feet.
After receiving
and
her engine
as the engineer in the enterprise he
Frenchman,
Watt
she
built in
Birmingham, England, by Boulton

into the
&
was taken
North
river,
and
laid
upon
de-
who had
fled
from his own country
the revolution of
the Jereey side, from
whence she was
to take
her
first
1793, and with
whom
Livingston
had probably become

This
parture for Albany.
The
following advertisement, copied
acquainted in the course of his experiments directed towards

the improvement
from a newspaper of the 2d of September, 1807, announced

the expected event
of the
engine.
Frenchman was
Brunei, afterwards the engineer of the great Tiiames tunnel

in
"The North River Steamboat

ing,
will leave Pauler's
Hook [Jersey
tlic
London.
Confident of the ultimate success of his project, and with
City] on Friday, the 4th day of September, at 9 o'clock in
morn-
and arrive at Albany on Saturday,

trip,
at 9 in the evening."
a view to secure to himself the material advantages to accrue
The
however, was not made on the specified day, on
from
sucli
a result, he procured the passage by the Legis-
account of a failure of some part of the boat's machinery,
lature of a bill granting to
him the exclusive right
to navi-
which occurred when but a short distance out, and compelled her to return to the dock for repairs.
gate by steam the waters within the limits of the State.
These being
than the
The bill, introduced by Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, and passed March 27, 1798, recited in its preamble that " Robert R. Livingston is in possession of a mode of applying the steamengine to propel a boat on new and advantageous principles
completed, she again started on her voyage, aud this time

accoiuplished
it
triumphantly, in four hours
less
advertised time, arriving at Albany at 5 p.m. of the second

day. "
but
is
deterred from carrying the same into effect by the
The morning
left
New
York," said Fulton, " there

believed
or be of
existence of a law, passed
March
19, 1787, giving to
John
lately
were not perhaps thirty persons

that the boat would ever
Fitch the sole right of
making the steamboat by him
in the city who move one mile an hour,
invented," and proceeded to repeal the said law in favor of

Fitch, and to grant to the chancellor the exclusive privilege,
as above mentioned, " for twenty years after the passage of
this act, if
the least utility."
But
if
it
would appear that the doubters

believe the
were soon converted,

" Before the boat
we may
somewhat extra-
vagant and ridiculous account given by Fulton's biographer.
he
shall within twelve
nionlh.s
build a boat of
had made the progress of half a mile,"

Fulton
twenty tons, propelled by steam, and the mean of whose

progress through the water, with and against the current of
he says,
'
the greatest unbeliever was converted.
Wiis received
with shouts and acclamations of congratula-
Hudson's River taken together,

miles an hour
;
shall not be less than four
tion
and applause.
to
She made
at an
this
her
first
voyage from
five
and
a
.shall
at
no time omit for the space of
New York
dock
at
Albany
average rate of
miles an
one year
to
have
boat of such construction plying between
hour, stopping for some time at Chancellor
Livingston's
the cities of
New York
and Albany."
The
boat, however,
Clermont
to take in
wood.
proved a
failure,
and the act expired by reason of non- ful-
the river was one continued triumph.

scribed as having the most terrific
fillment of its conditions.
The whole voyage up The vessel is deappearance. The dry
On Mr.
come
Livingston's arrival in
in
Franco as minister,
in
pine fuel sent up
many
feet
above the flue a column of
ISUl, he came
contact with Robert Fulton,
who had
s
to Paris for the
purpose of bringing to the attention
of the First Consul a marine torpedo of his
own
In 1793, the Count St. Ilihiry and his
wit,.-,
the Countess of Cler-
invention.
mont, Hud from the terrors of the Revolution
in
France, and found a
Between
which
the.se
two there
at
once sprang up an iiitimaev,

in
secluded asylum u|H)n the sliores of Oneida lake, in
New
York.
Hero
at the
end of about two years resulted
the con-
they were found by Chancellor Livingston, who insisted on their ac-
struction of a small boat, which
they propelled by steam
companying him
upon the Seine, with

uiMin
llie
sufficient success to justify a
renewal
This invitation upon the Hudson. they accepted, and remained at the ch.Tncellor's country home until The estate of Clermont was so the U.i-n uf Terror had pas.scd.
to
his est.xte
North river of Livingston's project of 1797-9.S.
nauicd by
its
owner
in
honor of the countess.

i;^nited
NEW YORK.
after a
129
vapor, and,
when the
Tlie
fire
was
stirred,
tremendous
to
came on board, and,

noise
good deal of bustle and no
little
showers of sparks.
wind and
tide
were adverse
them, but the crowds saw with astonishment the vessel
and confusion, the boat was got out into the stream and headed up the river. Steam was put on and sails were
.set.
coming rapidly towards them

" the crews of
(leclcs
and when
it
came
so near
fur
she was provided with large square
sails,
attached
that the noise of the machinery and
paddles was heard
to masts, that
were so constructed that they could be raised

as the direction
many
nailing vessels shriiii/c beiiciitk llieir
and lowered might
and strength of the wind

time a light breeze from
at the terrific sight, while others prostrated themselves
require.
There was
at this
and
of
besought Providence to protect tliem from the appronch
the south, and with steam and sails a very satisfactory rate
and, as the favorable wind obtained, we kept on the even tenor of our way, and just before sunrise next morning we were at Clermont, the resi-
the horrible monster
which was marching

it
on.
the tide
of speed was
and
lighting
its
path by the fire that
vomited."
continued,
This writer would have us believe that the skippers and

crews of the North river
sailin-; craft,
in
1807, were as
dence of the chancellor, who with his friends landed, and

the boat proceeded to Albany, where she arrived at two or
three o'clock p.m."
simple-minded and untutored as those natives of San Salvador
who hid themselves away from

to
the flash and report of
Columbus' guns, believing them

of
be the
fiery
eyes and
Two
turn
or three days were spent at
Albany
in repairs
upon
the thundering voice of the Great Spirit.

its
But, divested
all
the boiler, which nevertheless gave out entirely on the retrip,
extravagance, the account shows simply that
along
some
thirty
miles above
New
York, and the

sail.
the route the people flocked to the river-side to gaze in

curiosity (though
remainder of the voyage was accomplished under
The
not in fear) at the strange-looking vessel
boat was then laid up for about two months, awaiting the
as
it
passed,* and that they gave unstintingly to Fulton
completion of her
new copper
boiler, as before
mentioned.
the tribute of applause and admiration

extorted by success.
which
is
always
Her
trips
were then resumed, and from that time were acfairly
complished with regularity,

at once, and largely, patronized
inaugurating the era of
That the " Clermont" was
steamboat navigation upon the Hudson.
by the traveling public is shown by the following item from the New York Evening Post of October 2, 1807: " The newly-invented steamboat, which is fitted up in a
neat style for passengers, and
is
The project, from its inception to its consummation, owed more to Columbia than to any other county more The boat was than to all others, excepting New Yôrk.
;
intended to run from

this
New
named
for a
town and
first
estate in
Columbia
a citizen of the
York
to
Albany
as a packet, left here
morning with
Notwith-
county had
conceived the idea of her construction, and

to
ninety passengers, against a strong head-wind.
had furnished the means

ship-master of
ville)
execute
it
her captain was a
standing which,
it
was judged she moved through the water
Hudson
North
and her
first pilot
(David Mande-
at the rate of six miles an hour."
was a resident of the same

River'' the
city
and when she was
Before the close of the season (in which, however, she
rebuilt as the "
work was performed by
made but two
or three trips) the travel which offered was
largely in excess of the " Clermont's" accommodations.
was, therefore, taken to what was then called lower
She Red
Hook, where she was hauled out on ways, and during the
winter of 1807-8 was entirely rebuilt and remodeled, by
ship-carpenters from the city of
Hudson
her length being
increased from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet,
and her beam from twelve

first
to eighteen
feet.
About
as
the the
of
May
to
she was
re-launched,
re-christened
Hudson mechanics. The " Car of Neptune" was the next steamboat built to navigate the Hudson after the remodeling of the " Clermont." Fulton owned an interest in her, though to what Following her came the " Paragon," extent is not known. and then came others in rapid succession. In 1826 there were some sixteen steamboats plying the river, taking pasThe sloops monopolized the freight business. sengers only. The following is a list of the steamboats that competed for
the traveling patronage of the river
:
" North River," and, in charge of Captain
Samuel Jenkins,
was taken
New
York, where she received her cabin-work

latter
Union Line.
" Olive
Branch," " Niagara," " William
and machinery, which

in
had
in the
mean time been put

repair,
Penn."
what was then considered thorough

first
though
at the
end of her
Ie.s3,
succeeding trip her boiler was found worth-
North River Line. " Chancellor Livingston," " James Kent," " Richmond," and " Saratoga."
Connecticut
and was
repl.iced
by a new one of copper. Albany, was the

in
One
of the passengers (and the latest surviving one) of

first
pany.
Line
" Swiftsure"
the " North River," on her
trip
to
Troy Line.
don."
Hudson Steam Navigation and " Commerce."

;
Com-
" Chief-Justice Marshall"
and
'
New Lonand
late Francis Sayre, Esq., of Catskill, in
who,
a letter written
September, 1857, made the following mention of that
North River Association

" Constitution."
Line.
" Constellation"
event:
"Commodore Wiswall was now

for
in
command.
At
the hour appointed
her departure (nine o'clock a.m.).
The
the
safety-barges
Chancellor Livingston, with a number of invited friends,
Rensselaer," Captains
rear
of
the
Lady Clinton" and " Lady Van Seymour and Peck, were towed in respective steamers " Commerce" and
"
* ''A farmer living on the bunks of the lludsun hastened
home
to
" Swiflsure."
light,
The passage was performed

Hudson, and
chiefly
by daytrav-
apprise his wife and neighbors that he had

river in a
Hfêii
the tlevit tjoiiig
up the
giving the passengers an opportunity to view the

afi'ording to
tinw-mM."
hia
The writer before quoted
says,
"She
excited
interesting scenery of the

elers
the astODisbmcnt of the venerable Dutch burgomaster,
who almost
dropped
'
precious pipe as, with strained eyes, he exclaimed,

!'
an unrivaled degree of comfort and entire security from
Dunder en blicksen
"
those disasters to which steamboats and sailing packets are
17
1:^0
HISTOKY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.

Tliese
exposed.
passenger-boats
made
stops
ut
Hudson
to tlie
rail-
snow and
rain,
and very
cold.
Our
citizens are yet
busy
and other innporlant landings, and, thronghout the summer

nionlhs, formed the only
about the wreck."
means of public conveyance
On
from
the morning of July 4, 1861, the
"New
World,"
people of this county up to the time of the opening of

roads.
New York
to
for
Albany, was sunk

life.
off the
Stuyvesant
after raised,
shore, but without loss of
She was soon

order,
Among
were the
the boats which succeeded those already

"
named
towed
New
York, put
in
and used as a hospital
" Oliver Ellsworth,"
De Witt Clinton" (launched in 1828), the "Henry Eekford," "United States,"

"Ohio,"
"Sandusky,"
"Albany," "Captain
Jenkins,"
" Rochester," " Robert L. Stevens," "
Diamond," " Hen-
drik Hudson," " Oregon," " Empire," " Erie," and "
plain,"
Cham-
four-pipe boats
trips a
" Francis
Skiddy," at one time

cigar-boat,
The steamboats now New York are the magnificent night-line, the " St. John" and " Dean Richmond," and the day-line, composed of the " Drew and " C. Vibbard," which make stops at all the principal landings. The lines having their termini within this county are elseboat in the vicinity of
Point.
West
running through between Albany and
"
made two
built
day
"Arrow," "Napoleon,"
;
where mentioned.
by Burden, which proved a total failure " Emerald," " New Philadelphia," " North, and South America," " Westchester," " Knickerbocker," " Niagara," " Isaac Newton,"
No
river in the world has been so extensively
and ex-
pensively navigated as the Hud.son.

fleetest,
Some of
the largest,
plied,
and most costly steamers ever built have

plying,
and
"Armenia," " Alida," " Kosciusko," " Washington," "Curtis Peck," " Wave," " Portsmouth," " General Jackson,"
" Illinois,"
liams,"
are
still
upon
this beautiful stream.
" Metamora,"
" Iron
Witch," " Roger Wilfavorite
RAILROADS.
In the matter of the location and construction of railway
lines, at a
" Confidence," "
New
"
Jersey," " Sun," " Express,"
and " Columbia."

boat,
The
now
Rip Van Winkle" was a
period
when such
projects
if
were regarded by many

the pioneer coun-
and
was commanded
in
by Captains Abell, George

the "
as
of doubtful expediency,
is
not absolutely chimerical,
Riggs. and Roe,
command of
Dean Rich-
Columbia
ties
entitled to take rank
among
mond."
of
New
York, as we think we shall show in the brief
One
of the most notable steamboat disasters upon the

river occurred in the evening of the 7th of April,
account which we here give of the building and opening of

the various lines within her domain.
Hudson
1845, in the Athens channel, opposite the city of Hudson.
The Hudson Rural Repository of

lowing account of the calamity
:
April 12 gave the
fol-
THE HUDSON AND BERKiJHIRE, AND BOSTON AND

ALBANY, LINES.
"On Monday
low,'
evening, April 7, the steamboat 'Swal-
As
early as the year
1826
k^
enterprising men, with
Captain
to
A. H. Squires, was on her passage from

York, and when opposite
little,
a boldness which even yet seems amazing, conceived the

idea of uniting the valley of the
Albany
New
this city, in the
Athens channel, ran upon a

diately spread in Athens,
rocky island,* broke in
chusetts capital by means of a railroad track, which
Hudson with the Massamust

for-
two, and in a few minutes sank.
The alarm was immecitizens
climb the acclivities of Taghkanic and surmount the

bidding summits of Berkshire.
It
is
and a large number of

Soon
not strange that the

as a manifesta-
soon rallied to the scene of disaster, and happily succeeded

in rescuing
scheme was
freely ridiculed,
and denounced
it
many
lives.
after the steamboats
'
Ex-
tion of insanity, but, nevertheless,

siastic supporters,
had no lack of enthufirst
press'
and
'
Rochester' came
in their
what assbtance was

with them to
large
power, taking
down and promptly rendered many passengers

'
and from the very
was received with and

in the neigh-
especial favor in the county of Columbia,
New
York.
The
Swallow' had on board a
boring portions of the adjoining State.
present
teen].
number of passengers, but the exact loss of life b at unknown [the number lost proved to be about fifThe night was excessively dark, with a heavy gale,
little
The
Legislature of Massachusetts, at
its
June
session, in
1827, appointed commissioners " to cause the necessary surveys, plans, and estimates to be
made on
the best practicable
route from Boston to the

bad been formerly known as " Noah's Brig," ospeciiilly among the lumbermen who ran rafts of logs and lumber down the river. The circumstance from which it derived this name is the following. One night a large number of rafts were coming down the west channel, one of them being under the command of a man who was known among his comrades by bis Christian name, " Noah." As the rafts neared this point Noah espied in the dim light a dark object riding upon the waters, which he at once decided to be a brig under sail, and as soon as he had approached near enough he hailed it, "Biig ahoy!" No response. Again, in stentorian tone, bis bail rang out upon the night air, but still no attention was paid, and the mysterious yraft kept unswervingly to its course. This exasperated Noah, and his third hail was "Brig ahoy Answer, or I'll run you down !" and, as no reply wns given, true to bis word he did rundown theulaud; two trees standing widely apart having deceived him as to its character. Probably neither Noahs brig nor his raft sustained serious injury, but the poor " Swallow" met a more cruel fate. A large portiuo of the island has been taken away, and the rock material was used in constructing the embankments of the canal through the middle ground.
That
islet
I
New York
to
line,
and thence (with
leave obtained) to the
Hudson
river at or near Albany,"
and
$10,000 was voted
defray
the
expense of the
survey.
Through the summer and

agitation," as
it
fall
of 1827 the "railroad

to increase, until, in
was termed, continued and
Columbia county
nearly extinct
;
at least, opposition to the enterprise at a railroad
was
meeting held at Canaan,
Jan. 25, 1828, the attendance was so large, and the enthusiasm so boundless, that
it
was said that
if
an authorized
corporation had then and there asked subscriptions for the

construction of a road from
Hudson
to
West Stockbridge,
the entire
spot.
amount of
stock would have been taken upon the
In April,
828, the
New York
line,
Legislature passed an act
authorizing the survey of a route or routes from the

son to the Massachusetts
Hud-
and pledging that
if
Massa-

chusetts should build her road to that point from Boston,
thia State
NEW
YORK.
131
subscription for stock wore opened yesterday at the
Hudson
would continue
it to
the river, or authorize and
River Bank, and we are happy

to state
in
having
it in
our power
incorporate a
company
to
do
so.
that
In due time the commissioners of both States reported
8217,550 had been subscribed."
when our paper went to The
press the
entire
sum
of
amount sub-
surveys to their respective Legislatures.

tory of
Throu<;h the
terri-
scribed during the three days the books remained open was
this being more than double the sum required. The allotment of stock was immediately made, and the company organized May 27, electing the following board of directors, viz. John Delafield, Bobbins Kellogg, Oliver
New York
from
two routes had been considered and
sur-
8746,550
veyed, one
Troy
to
the
Massachuîctts
line,
near
Adams, and the other to consist of two branches, sUirting Albany and Hudson, to unite at Chatham, and proceed thence to the Massachusetts line, near. West
respectively from
Wiswall, Rufus Reed, Silas Sprague, Robert A. Barnard,
Stockbridge.*
William A. Dean, Gouverneur Kenible, James
Mellen,
Earnest disputes and
much
tiie
rivalry
ensued between the
Elihu Gifford, John

brose L. Jordan.
W. Edmonds, Samuel
final
Anable,
Am-
advocates of the northern and the southern routes, and this
The
survey was commenced at once,
was even more the case on

the State
line.
east than on the west side of
and the work was placed under contract during the following autumn.
But
all
of middle and southern Berkshire
was united
in
the resolve not to wait for a final decision

less for
From
eller,
the letter of a correspondent of the
American Travthe following
upon the route of the through road, much

tant event of
its
the dis-
published in that journal in May, 1837, while this
completion.
If
it
were commenced at
its
road was in process of construction,
we make
line.
once, weary years
must be spent
in
construction, and
line
quotation, as showing the expectations which were then
meanwhile a short and comparatively inexpensive
might
based on the opening of this pioneer
Those portions
a travelers'
the journey
be built over a familiar route to their old and favorite mart

of trade, the city of Hudson, from whence the river offered
its
which
refer to the probable establishment of
route between
in
New York
and Boston,
to
make
noble highway to
New York
and at that day none
twenty-one hours, by way of the city of Hudson, and of
thought of questioning the superiority of the steamboat over

the railway as a means of travel and transportation.
a through route from Boston to the great west via Catskill
and Canajoharie, read strangely enough

tiful valley
at the present day.
The people of Hudson had been awake and

promotion of this enterprise.
active in the
This correspondent says, " This road passes through a beau-
In January, 1828, they had
embracing one of the richest farming
districts in
sent delegates to the interested Berkshire towns, and on the
the State.
At Stockbridge
it will
connect with the great

at Catskill
31st of that month a meeting attended by the principal

citizens of both counties
Western railroad from Boston, and

railroad
with the
Buffalo.
was held
at
West Stockbridge, and
loading to Canajoharie, and

this
thence
to
resulted in the presentation of petitions to the Legislatures
Through
avenue the east may be supplied with the

fertile west,
of
poration.
New York and Massachusetts New York responded

capital of
asking for acts of incor-
produce of the
and the
latter
with the manu-
by an
act, passed
May
1,
factures of the east.

travelers
It will also afford a
1828, incorporating the Hudson and Berk.shire Railroad
from the
'
Commercial'
to the
Company, with a
within
$350,000.
Massachusetts de-
rium.'
layed, and finally refused to charter the portion of the line
o'clock P.M., reach
her
jurisdiction,
course
of
action
doubtless
tonf at
all
They may then leave the city Hudson at four A.M., and arrive at BosBut independent of two P..M. of the following day.
and eastern and western transportation,
will
it is esti-
new route for Empoof New York at five

'
Literary
prompted by the
in
fear of diverting trade to
New
York, but
this
travel
marked
contrast with the
prompt co-operation which
mated that the county of Berkshire

and more than pay the
to deliver to the
support the road

. . .
Stat extended to Massachusetts in authorizing the extension of her proposed line to the canal at Albany.
interest of the capital.
Individuals
This,
in
acquainted with the marble business have offered to contract
however, did not discourage the friends of the project
company
at Stockbridge,
from the quarries
that State, and they continued to press the matter with so
of beautiful marble in that village, 100 tons per day for nine months in the year, and to insure the sale of the same
much
vigor and persistency that their Legislature at length
yielded, and granted the charter in 1831.
No
shire
organization was effected by the
company
until
1835
their
Hudson and Berkcharter in the mean time
amount when delivered at Hudson. But for safety I will assume but half that amount at 82 per tou for transportasay 50 tons per day for 240 tion, where they now pay $5
;
having expired and been renewed by the Legislature.
On
days, pays 824,000.
The other tonnage
to
and from the

to
the 5th of May, 1835, the following announcement appeared

in the
Hudson
25,000
river
tons,
was ascertained two years since
exceed
Hudson Gazelle
:
in
reference to the opening of the
which, at 82, would amount to 850,000, giving
books
"
Hudson and Berkshire
Railroad.
The
books for
a total of 874,000.
To
secure the marble business to this
company an
" Until thia time, and later, the use of locomotives was not con-
association of the railroad stockholders have

all
purchased nearly
of Stockbridge.
at Philadelphia
of the principal quarries in the vicinity

the Girard College
templated by the projectors, but

use of animal power for the
the transportation
anil industrious in his report
all
the pljns
and estimates of the

'
The marble of which

is
engineers and commissioners wjjro based wholly on the idea of the
built
was transported from the quarries

are only seven
moving
of trains,
as hotter
adapted
to
of the endless variety of loading
which a dense
over a hilly road to be shipped at Hudson.

"
population requires."
Colonel Richard P. Morgan,
The Lebanon Springs

The Western
miles from the
upon (he mountain division of the route in Massachusetts, proposed the construction of inclined planes, along which cars were to be drawn by the power of water-wheels where such povTer was found available; otherwise by horses, or, better than all, by o.\ea.
t
thi.s
railroad of .Massachusetts, however, over which

to
contemplated connection was
be made, was not opened until
more than four years
after the date of this letter.
HISTOKY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.

line
of the road, and as soon as the main road
is
completed
tion,
and was opened
to
Chatham Four Corners on
the 21st
a branch will be
made
to that place.
That the Berksliire

advance the prosperity
. . .
of December, 1841.
and Hudson railroad
will materially
Eastward from Chatham the Western company continued to use the tramway of the Hudson and
Berkshire road, but were obliged to exercise the greatest
care in passing their heavier trains over the frail and dan-
of this rising city (Hudson)
do not entertain a doubt.
The whole
line,
extending from Hudson* to West Stockis
bridge, thirty-two miles,
under contract
for grading,
and
gerous track
but meanwhile they were diligently at work

line,
nearly or quite completed.
The
rails will in all probability
upon the independent

sity of their
which would obviate the necesThis was com-
be laid this summer, and by September of the present year

the work will be completed."
using the Berkshire road.
pleted and opened Sept. 12, 1842.
The
less
road was opened for travel September 26, 1838, and
Columbia county had now achieved direct railroad communication with the capitals of both
sachusetts
;
the event was celebrated at
West Stockbridge with boundconstruction and equipment of
New York
and Mas-
enthusiasm by a great concourse of the citizens of Co-
but proud, and justly proud, as she was of this

re-
lumbia and Berkshire.
The
communication, her roads of that day bore but faint

semblance
to tho.se
the line were not of the best, nor indeed were they such as
of her present system, with their rock-
would be regarded
as even
passable at the present day.
ballasted beds, steel tracks, superb equipment,

traffic.
and
ceaseless
The
track was formed of ordinary flat bar-iron, five-eighths

in thickness, laid
of an inch
on wooden stringers
its
and the and
grades of the road, for four miles of

seventy-one to eighty feet per mile.
box-like,
length, varied from

cars were short
The
and were mounted on springs which were scarcely

all
;
springs at
frail
so that, in such
vehicles and over such a
The Hudson and Berkshire road was not prosperous, and who had so freely and generously subscribed in aid of the enterprise lost the entire amount of their investment. The road received State assistance in 1840 to the amount of $150,000, secured to the State by
eventually those
and uneven
track, passengers
found very
little
of the
mortgage, and
in
December, 1847, was further authorized

in
comfort which attends railway travel at the present day.

Still
it
by law
to issue
$175,000
bonds, which should take pre-
was a
railroad,
and
its
vast superiority over the
cedence of the State's claim against the road, on condition

that the stockholders should raise an additional $50,000
old
methods of freight transportation was apparent from the

while for the surging and jolting of the train, travelits
by
first,
assessments on their stock
the object of the raising of these
ers
were more than compensated by
seemed almost marvelous,
speed, which then
sums by
in place
loan and assessment being the laying of a
new
T-rail
for the idea of the

first
employment
of the old strap-rail.
This was done in 1848, and
of animal-power which had at
been entertained was
new locomotives and

In January, 1853,
it
cars were purchased, in the

;
hope that
abandoned, and locomotives (such as they were) were used

instead.
the road might prosper
but these hopes were not realized.

leased to
it
was
George H. Power and

until
An
(known
extension
of the road
beyond West Stockbridge
Shepherd Knapp, who operated

It
Nov. 21, 1854.
as the Pittsfield
in
having been opened
and West Stockbridge railroad) May, 1841, and all links having
was then sold by James M. Cook, comptroller of the State, on foreclosure, for non-payment of the loan received from
the State.
been joined beyond Pittsfield during the .ucceeding five months, the unbroken route between Hudson and Boston
The
road and
its
appurtenances were purchased
by Chester
W.
Chapin, president of the Western railroad of
was opened, amid great
rejoicing, Oct. 4, 1841.
Massachusetts (now the Boston aod Albany railroad), for
The
1834.
the
Castleton and
was incorporated
West Stockbridge Railroad Company by the Legislature of New York in May,

authoriied, to run from Castleton to
line,
$155,000.
The road was soon
after re-organized, placed
under the .same management with the Boston and Albany

railroad,
The
line, so
and has been successfully operated by that corpothe
Massachusetts
on a route to West Stockbridge.
ration until the present time.
bridge
it was re-chartered as the Albany and West StockCompany, and with a corresponding change of western terminus, making it identical with the northern
In 183G
Under
management of
in less
Messrs.
Power and Knapp

road
;
the business was doubled

the period from 1852 to
than two years, and during

coal traffic of the
1873 the
to
branch of the southernmost of the two routes considered and surveyed by the commissioners appointed by the Legislature
in
had increased from 500 tons

in
250,000 tons per year

in
but
consequence of the general depression

from the amount named in 1873
business,
and
1828, and nearly the same as the
Now York
portion of
the establishing of other lines, the yearly coal tonnage had

fallen
ofi'
the present Boston and
Albany
railroad.
The company
to
190,000 tons
was composed principally of citizens of the State of New York, but the construction and operation of the road was
afterwards, by agreement, assumed
in
1877.
But the road

is
is still
prosperous.
It is well
man-
aged, and
of great advantage to the city of Hud.son and
by the Western Rail-
to the county.
road
It
Company of
had
first
Ma.ssachusetts.
been proposed to use the wooden track,

flat bar,
THE HUDSON RIVER

The merchants and
conscious of the
business
LINE.
this State, being fully
capped with the
but the inferiority of this method
men of
to
had been
that
it
so clearly demonstrated
upon the Hudson road
advantages which the opening of
the the
was rejected here, and a serviceable iron rail wa.s used instead. This line was vigorously pushed to compleroute is originrily laid out reached Ihe river at the North bay, upon the north side of the city, but ly.is changed to its present
Western railroad from Albany

last-named city
in
Boston would give
to
the contest for commercial supremacy,

to canvass the project of
;
The
began as early by
rail
as
1830
connecting
the cities of
Albany and New York
but
it
was
locatioD bi-lurc ihc building of
In.
lu.id.
thought necessary
to lay
the route at a distauce from the

river,
NEW
YORK.
13.T
and
to
depend considerably on the
traffic to
be gained
cause Boston had realized a gain almost exactly corresponding to the loss inflicted on
in
from western Massachusetts and Connecticut.
The
ideas
in
New York
during the four years

" Look," said he,
which then prevailed on that subject are made apparent

towns, held Oct.
which
it
had been
in full operation.
the proceedings of a railroad convention of several Berkshire

10,
" at the trains of the Western railroad as they depart from
1831, and
presided
over
by
Ihe depot
at
East Albany, and see
if
they are not loaded
Lemuel Pomeroy, and which adopted a preamble and

lution
a-s
reso-
down and groaning under

and
the
the burden of our

;
own products
that
follows
" Whereas, the citizens of

characteristic enterprise
New York
intelligence,
and the products of the west

merchants
to
carrying our merchants
and Albany, with

a few
and
from
distant States,
formerly
already appreciate the wonderful advantages which within
thronged
Boston.
New
York, rapidly and en masse to the city of
months have been
practically developed
by the railway
ee them returning with similar burdens, sending
system, and are now about to
make
a railroad from the city

;
them
far
and near, and scattering them broadcast through-
of Albany to the city of
New York
and whereas,
it
is
out the country, to the exclusion of the legitimate trade of
well understood to be the true policy of the cities of
New
New York
are
all
and
this too
Yôrk and Albany, if
it
shall
be found practicable, without
open, and the
when the channels of competition Hudson river is offering its superior

fifty miles,
materially increasing the distance, to establish a road so far

east of the
navigation of one hundred and
against two hun-
Hudson
as to
avoid coinpclilion with the steam-
dred miles of railroad over mountains and on unparalleled

grades.
boat
and
sloop freightage ihereun, but at the

all
same time
to
But, more than
all,
see this onli/ avenue to
New
secure to the railroad
the travel and transportation which
demand
river,
greater expedition
also to
than can be obtained on the
and hermetically sealed during one-third of the year,* while the whole trade of the interior and the
clo.sed
York
and
open
to those cities the rich resources of
west, without stint or diminution, concentrates on the city
the county of Berkshire, parts of the counties of

shire and
necticut,
Hamp-
of Boston.
..." Our
grand canal' truly
Why,
it
has
Hampden, and
all
the western counties of Con-
been made subservient, with our whole canal system and our
railroads
and that such a mute will couihine much greater
from Albany
to
Bufiiilo,
to the city capital,
of Boston.
resources than one on the
hanks of the Hudson.
Re-
Our
internal resources, industry,
and
and even our
solved, that measures of co-operation should be speedily

cordially adopted
and
merchants, mechanics, and farmers, have become tributary

to her.
by the
citizens of Massachusetts
and Con-
Look
at the
manufacturing establishments spring-
necticut."
ing up from Massachusetts capital, and even railroads projected and carried into operation by
it,
At
that time, and for years after, the idea of building a
upon our own
soil.
railroad along the banks of the
Hudson, from
city to city,
There may be some resources upon which
New York
relies,
was thought
entertained
;
to be
absurd and unworthy to be
for a
moment
not palpable to an unimaginative eye, but to plain, practical
was argued and believed that even if such a road could be built through the highlands at anyfor
it
common
and
sense there
is
no other than the construction of the
Hudson River
fensive position
railroad.
With
she
will
this road well constructed
thing like a reasonable expense (which was by no means
fairly in operation, to
not only be placed in a de-
thought
pos.sible)
it
could never hope to compete success-
protect her
commerce from the aggresit,
fully with the safe, swift,
and elegant steamers which plied upon the river and monopolized its trade.
sions that have been
committed upon
but she
will
have
opened an iron avenue with the
illimitable west, that will

its
But
tively
at length
even this project began to be considered
draw
she
will
to
her again the lion's share of

it,
treasures.
;
That
city of
as possible, afterwards as practicable,
and
finally as
impera-
will build
it
would be
folly to
doubt
and that she
necessary
this last conviction
being forced by the
do
it
speedily, I
villages
most confidently
of Rhinebeck,
believe.
The
their
stern
logic of the
opening of the Boston road in 18-11.
Hudson, the
keepsic,
Hyde
Park, Pouglilocal
To
to
the building of the inland route as proposed in 1831
Fishkill,
and Peekskill, have, besides

with the city of
far
the people of
divert
Hudson had been wholly opposed,

and population from their
the
city
as tendin"
;
interests, a reciprocal interest
New York
in
trade
but they
this road,
and they have evinced thus

in
an intelligence
herself has not
heartily concurred in
new
project of a river-road, and

its
and energy
surpassed."
regard to
it
which
New York
joined with the lower towns in their meetings held in

interest;
the
first
of these to which
Hudson
sent delegates
The
estimate
made by John
(
B. Jervis, Esq., C.E., of
being at Pouglikeepsic, on the 17lh of March, 1842.
the cost of the road
143
miles) was 89,000,000, of which

in
At a similar meeting, held at the same place, July 28, 1846, " to advance the progress of the Hudson River railroad," Mr. William H. Grant, a civil engineer, who had for
years been engaged on the public works of the Stut, set
$3,010,500 was obtained
subscriptions
to
the stock,
other sources being depended on for the remainder.

Jervis' estimate of annual earnings was as follows
:
Mr.
in
sum;
mer, 200,000 through passengers at 81.50 each,t 8300,000
glowing language the necessity of the work and the danger arising from delay in its prosecution. Ho said
forth
in
400,000 way passengers

*
at 80.50,
8200,000.
In winter.
that the Boston road had been in a great decree an experi-
By
it
observations token during twenty years (1825 to IS44, inclu-
ment
iu
tried by the enterprising people uf that city, but that
sive),
was fouuJ that ihc
river
result,
had surprised them, as

in
;
period of one hundred and thirty-tive days

t
was closed by ice for an average in each year.
it
had also amazed the

annot
The number
of passengers transported on the river by the day-
thinking ones
nual increase which
New York that the .steady and rapid New York had before enjoyed had
only been entirely checked but changed to actual retrogression by the opening of that road, and that by the same
and night-boats during the year preceding the date of this estimate was 1,200,000. By Ihe terms of the railroad charter, two cents per mile could be charged in summer and two and a half cents in winter, but not more than three dollars from New York to .Albany in any

134

and passengers estimated
Total, 8952,000.
at
NEW
the
YORK.
freight
$412,000
U.
S. mail,
correspondent upon the train wrote: " At 10.29 we reached
840,000.
Hudson amid
the opening
booming of cannon and the cheering of

Banners and
flags
The work was
vigorously prosecuted from

it
thousands.
There was more enthusiasm manifested here

and the utmost enthusiasm pre-
of the season of 1848, and
was promised that the road

of
than at any previous stopping-place.
should be completed
in
two years, which, however, failed

principal
waved
in every direction,
of accomplishment for various reasons, the
vailed."
Even the
children of the
Hudson Orphan A.sylum

in
which was lack of funds, and another of which was the

prevalence of cholera as an epidemic
paraded with a banner, on which was inscribed,
honor
among
for
the laborers
of the president of the road, " Boorman, the friend of the
upon the
line.
The road was opened
passenger travel
orphans."
to Peekskill
on the 29th of September, 1849, and to

farther, on
New
Arrived at Greenbush, the

guests,
officials
of the road, with their
Hamburg, twenty-three miles

following December.
the 6th of the

at
and
citizens
more or
less distinguished,
in all
more
There were great rejoicings

but to the
Poughvillages
than fourteen
hundred persons,
sat
down
to a bountiful
keepsie when, upon the last day of the year 1849, the line
repast, furnished
by the proprietors of the Delavan House.

congratulations
followed
;
was opened
to
that point
cities
and
Speeches, sentiments, and

these
but
lying farther up the prospect was not a cheering one, for
we do not
intend to reproduce, save one, the toast

citizens
no work had been done and no contracts awarded above Poughkeepsie, auJ, what was still worse, the treasury wa.s
offered
by President Boorman, " The
of Columbia
counly.
terprise
The
It
spirit
they have manifested toward this enillustrious
empty.
In January, 1850, an act was passed authorizing an addition of 81,000,000 to the stock
shows them worthy of the
name they
will
bear."
was a merited compliment, and one which
of the company, and a

;
not soon be forgotten.
further issue of 83,000,000 of bonds
and the work was
Night closed on the
festivities,
and the Hud.son River
resumed
in the following season, the
commencement being
and pa.ssengers and
stages from
railroad was a fact accomplished.
made
at the
Albany end of the

in
line,
thousands who gathered on that

its
But who, among all the autumn day to celebrate

its
mails* being
the
mean time conveyed by

rail,
inauguration, could have dreamed of
future colossal
Poughkeepsie
to to
Hudson, and thence by

Albany.
via
Chatham
proportions and limitless power?
Four Corners,
The
length of the
is
Hudson River road within the county

feet; the length of its
On
rarily,
the 16th of June, 1851, the northern end of the
of Columbia
291 miles and 653
road was opened from Albany to Hudson, where, tempothe trains
track within the different towns being as follows

Miles.
Fept.
made connection with steamers
for
the
Clermont (the lower portion)
2J
'i
lower terminus and for

placed at 81.50.
New
York, the through tare being

to
Next, the road was opened

of August to Tivoli.
Oak
Hill,
Germantown
Clermont (the upper portion)
Livingston
2 4
695 338 567

7.10
and on the
4tli
On
the 1st of October, in the
same
year, the first train
Grocnport (lower part)
Hudson
city
passed over the entire length of the road.
One week
later
in-
(Jreenport (upper part)
U U U
173
-t^S
Wednesday, Oct.
8,
1851
came
officers
the formal opening,
Stockport Stuyvesaot
8i
499 654 509
augurated by the passage from the metropolis to the capital

of an excursion train, drawn
by the locomotive "

of the road,
citizens.
New
An
The road
the city of
received liberal subscriptions to
its
stock from
York," and carrying the
capitalists,
the inhabitants of these towns, particularly from those of
members of the
pre.ss,
and distinguished
"
Hudson
notwithstanding that these last-named
extra issue of the Albany Evening Journal of that date
had had a
bitter experience with the stock of the
Hudson
thus chronicles the event
The day dawned
auspiciously.
is
and Berkshire road.
The sun
is
shining brightly, and the atmosphere
balmy
The
first
surveys had contemplated tunneling under the
and bracing.
to witness the
The
public were on tip-toe at an early hour
lower part of Hudson, so as to have the railroad pass under
joyous jubilee in honor of the completion of

railroad.
It is
Warren
to
street,
between Front and
First,
but this plan very

citizens,
the
to
Hudson River
an event well calculated
naturally
met with opposition from the
which
led
awaken enthusiasm.
in
Few
greater enterprises have ever
the eventual adoption of the present route along the
been prosecuted
outset,
this
country, and none which, in the

ridicule.
front of the city.
met more coldness and
But the men of
iron nerve
who conceived the project could not be diverted common obstacles. They persevered and triumphed. The great work, commenced under circumstances the most chilling and adverse, is now completed. The event deserves a jubilee, as the inflexible men by whom
from their purpose by
it
THE NEW YOBK AND HARLE.M LINE.

This railroad enters the county
at
Boston Corners
in
Ancrain, and passes in a general northwesterly direction
through Ancrara, Copake,
Hill.sdale,
it
Taghkanic, Claverack,
and Ghent,
to
Chatham, where
intersects the Boston
and
has been accomplished deserve the gratitude of the people
Albany
railroad at
Chatham
village.
of the State.
The road
itself will
be their perpetual monu-
ment."
Concerning the rejoicings at Hudson, a newspaper

1349, rejoiced in thia prospect of
work
The company was formed in April, 1831, and commenced in Now York city in 1832, but did nothing north of
* The Hmlion Oazrlie of Dec. a mail eervicc between
18,
New York and Hudson, which New York and
should
it
mako
takes
the entire distance in a day, as, " by present arrangement,

three days to get a letter to
Harlem river until after 1840. After that time the work was prosecuted slowly and finished by sections, it being completed and opened to Chatham Four Corners (now
back again."
Chatham
village) on the
19th of January, 1852.
It is
an

importaot line of communication
to
NEW
YORK.
135
the
eastern
towns
crosses that town,
and
at
intersects the Poughkeepsie, Hartford
through which
its
route
lies.
and Boston road

LINE.
rail-
Boston Corners.
This road has about
THE HARLEM EXTENSION

road, connects with the
12| miles of track within the county, and it was completed and opened for travel in the summer of 1874.
This road, formerly known as the Lebanon Springs
and passes northerly
Chatham village, through the towns of Chatham and

Harlem
railroad at
New Lebanon
railroad
into Rensselaer county, of
which
it
crosses
a part, and, entering
Vermont, connects with the Western

Bennington, 58 miles from
its
CHAPTER
Statistics of Population, Industries,
XV.
of that State at
MAMTTFACTUEBS AND AOBICtTLTUBE.

and Wealth Agricultural Societies
southern terminus.
The company was line was commenced

suspended a year
time until 1867
organized in 1852, and work upon the

early in the
for
Farmers' Association.
terri-
summer
in
of 1853, but was
later
financial
reasons.
From
that
The
Statistics
of the census returns for Columbia county
little
was done, but
that year Cornelius
Vanderbilt, Horace F. Clark, and other capitalists became
make the following exhibit of the population of the tory now included in the county limits at the respective given. In 1714 the returns were as follows:
Claverack,
1
;
dates
and completed the road, so that on the 18th of December, 1869, it was formally opened by an excursion train which passed through to Vermont.
interested in the enterprise
male above 60 years
52 males between 16
;
and 60 years
;
The road was

route from
intended as a connecting link in an inland

to
New York
said, is
Montreal.
The
54 males under 16 years 1 female above 60 38 females between 16 and 60 51 females under 16 10 male and 5 female slaves above 16; and two of each
;
Messrs. Tilden,
of
New
Lebanon, did much towards completing this

it is
sex under 16.

line,
which,
now doing
a fair business.
males and 57 females between 16 and 60

females under 16
;
Kinderhook, 5 males and 6 females over 60 years 75 83 males and 67

; ;
THE POUGHKEEPSIE, HARTFORD AND BOSTON LINE. This road enters the town of Ancram from Pine Plains,
in
12 male and 7 female slaves over 16

slaves
and 6 male and 7 female
under 16.
Dutchess county, and passes
in a generally northeastern
it
direction to Boston Comers,

State.
Its length in the
where
leaves the county
and
males and two females over 60 years
Coxsackie and the north part of Livingston manor, 6 48 males and 53 fe; ;
county of Columbia
trifle
more
males between 16 and 60
52 males and 28 females under

;
than eight miles.
In
its
commencement
railroad,
it
was called the
Poughkeepsie and Eastern
and work was begun
upon
it
in
;
1868, but
the
first
it
was not completed until the summer

Its existence
26 male and 11 female slaves over 16 and 10. male and 6 female slaves under 16 years. In 1720, " Gerret Van Schaijck, high sheriff" of the city
16
;
of 1872
train passing over its entire length on

is
the 1st of August in that year.
advan-
tageous to the mines and manufacturing interests of the
and county of Albany, " by order of the court of judicature held for province of New York, June 11, 1720," returned an enumeration of freeholders in the county, from
it appears tliat in Kinderhook and a part of the manor of Livingston there were 38, in the north part of Livingston there were 28, and in Claverack 35 free-
town of Ancram, with the history of which

mentioned.
it is
more
fully
which
THE RHINEBECK AND CONNECTICUT LINE

passes north from Dutchess county into the
tin,
holders.
town of Galla-
The
population by towns from 1790 to 1875
is
shown by
of which
it
crosses the southeast corner into
Ancram,
the following table
1790
18l
NEW YORK.
BAR-IROX.
T.
130

tiie
In 1875, the native-born population of
county num1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756
CASTINGS.
T.
5
bered 41,8-t5,and the foreign-born 5776.
46,370 were white and 1251 colored, were males, and 24,332 were females, 1435 being
Of these people, of whom 23,289

aliens.
Cwt.
Cwt.
2
Qre.
Llja.
Of the
males 13,128 were of the voting age,
over twenty-
one years,^-of
naturalized,
whom
10,486 were native-born, and 1960

;
195 164 183 215 211 149 1S2
15
12
14
6
5
6 3 2
12
3
2 3 2
2
14 21
7
16
4 36
10
2 3
9104 males were of the military age, between 18 and 45 6254 males and 6224 between 5 and IS 5538 females were of the school age, were freeholders and 785 of the voting age were unable to
and 682 were aliens
1302
66
15
21
On
the 23d of June, 1755, Mr. Livingston, in a letter

in reference to a raid of anti-renters
which he wrote
who
read and write.
had despoiled
in the county,
his
works and carried away some of the

put
it
There were 8592 dwellings
of which 8037
workmen,
said, " It has
out of
my power
to furnish
were frame, 493 were brick, 53 stone, and 9 were the primitive log cabins of the pioneer, the value of at
Messrs. Banker
&
Dire hitherto with the Carriage-wheels,
which was returned
813,610,592, the frames being 810,990,347, the brick 82,476,000, the stone 8143,815, and the cabins at $430 52 were returned at less than 850, 121 between 850 and 8100, 752 between $100 and 8250, 2704 between 8250 and 81000, 2004 between 81000 and 82000, 1948 between 82000 and 85000, 392 between 85000 and 810,000, and 129 over 810,000. Of the latter, Canaan had 1, Chatham 5, Claverack 4, Clermont 6, Copake 1, Ghent 1, Greeuport
;
and Mr. William Alexander with the quantity of Shot I engaged to deliver him for the Expedition to Onjagera [Niagara] and
Crown Point
ordered
and
yet,
notwithstanding this
ill-
treatment I have received, as I had the expedition very

at heart, I
much
my
Furnace, as soon as I came from
New
York,
to
be Immediately repaired at a great Expence of

I
upwards of 400, that

Shott,
dition
etc.,
might
still
be able to furnish the
as soon as
my workmen
;
returned, that the Expein
might not be retarded

in
itself explains
and I have now had her

but no workmen yett
;"
5,
Hudson
76, Kinderhook 12, Livingston
1,
New
Leba-
good order since Monday
last,
non 13, Stockport and Stuyvesant 2 each.

was divided into 10,121
families, inhabiting
The
8478
population
dwellings,
which
that the
much
larger weight of
castings returned for
1755 was
for the reason that the
works
averaging -i-f^ persons to each family, and 5^'^ persons

to
were then furnishing cannon-balls for the army.
each inhabited house.
The
area of the county
is
688
square miles, and there were 69.22 persons, 14.71 families,
patriotic family of Livingston
During the Revolutionary war another member of that (Judge Robert R.,* the father
in oper-
and 12.49 dwellings

each person.
to
to a
square mile, and 9.25 acres to
of the chancellor) furnished the American government with
The average value of house accommodation
munitions of war from a powder-mill which he put

ation near his residence in Clermont, but of
each family was 81333.03.
whose amount
On
to the
the 11th of June, 1757, Governor Tryon reported
of production we have no definite account.
Lords of Trade, " There are few mines discovered in
On
Sauthier's
map (January, 1778)
the following-named
viz.
:
the Province.
One, of Iron Ore,
in
the
Manor of Living;
mills are noted within the
ston, belonging to
Robert Livingston, Esquire
another, of
Grist and saw-mills'near the manor-house, on north bank
Iron
also, in
Orange county, the property of Vincent Mat;
of Roeloff Jansen's Kill.
thews, Esquire
and one
to
in
the
Manor of Philipsburgh.
The
" Mill
Good Hope," on
the same stream, near the
The works belonging
the First [Livingston] are carried
present village of Bingham's Mills.

Grist and saw-mills on same
latin,
kill,
out to great advantage."
Such was the condition of iron

in
in present
town of Gal-
mines and manufactures
the province in
1757
there
about three miles below Copake forge and furnace.

forge, furnace, grist
were but three mines discovered, and but one of these was
worked, which was that of Mr. Livingston.
The
and saw-mills
at
Ancram.
And
in
all
" Unity Mills," on same stream, at outlet of Robinson's
the province there was but one manufactory of iron, which
pond, in Copake.
Grist-mill on
last
was also that of Mr. Livingston
both the mine and the
same stream, two and one-half miles above

in
works being
in the present
county of Columbia.
in
mentioned.
'
The
iron- works of
Mr. Livingston wore erected
1748,
"Grist-mill Defiance,
Ancram, on "Punch Brook,"
" at a place called Sober," but
which was more frequently

town of Ancram.
1857, of the proin-
a tributary of RoeloflF Jansen's Kill, and about three milea
termed "Anchoram," being
in the present
in
above their confluence.

" Mill Success," on
return,
made
to the
Lords of Trade
duct of those works during the years 1750 to 1756,

clusive,
shows
as follows
Maryburgh Forge creek, site of the new

Copake
creek.
"
Copake creek, west of Copake lake. (marked as " in ruins"), on Copake

"
forge.
" Mill Support," in the northeast part of Livingston,
on
IRON
1750.
17.il
4:!
(presumably pig).
Cwt.
Qn
" Mill Revenge,'' on "

lotte.
Doove
Kill," outlet of
Lake Char-
1752 1753 1754 1755 1756
006 35 22
722 267
Grist-mill in southwest corner of Germaiitown, on small
stream entering
Hudson
river.
Judge Livingston died about
the
comtnencoment of tbe war, but

K,
the powiler-miU was continued in
operation by bis son John
2016
Livingston.
: ;

The
Messrs.
first
NEW YORK.
commerce, 400. and
$156,500.
capital.
in internal
137
paper-mill erected in the county was one built

falls,
employed 184;
trade
in
transportation,
in foreign
at Stuyvcsant
on the Kinderhook creek, in 1802, by
capital,
Pitkins and
Edmonds,* an
old grist-mill
at
the
814,000
One commission house
Retail stores of various classes of
upper
falls
being transformed into one.
In 1802, George
goods, 228; capital 8679,200. Seven lumber-yards $36,000

capital.
Chittenden bought this mill, from which has probably arisen

the statement that Mr. Chittenden was the builder of
it.
Product of
forests
lumber, $3400.
in
In 1860 there
the county.
were 15 paper-mills and 8 cotton-factories
The
first
cotton-factory
his brother, "
was
built, in 181.S,
by Nathaniel
Wilde and
two enterprising Yorkshiremen,"

to
who gave out

The
first
their cotton
be carded by the farmers'
The census of 1875 makes no returns whatever of manThe census of 1870 makes the following exhibit of manufactures There were 483 estabufactures or commerce.
:
wives and daughters.

cotton print (calico) works wore built, in 1828,
at
lishments of
all
water (3493
over 16,
capital
28 steam (1523 horse-power). 131 horse-power); 3551 2437 males

kinds,
operatives,
15,
by Benjamin and Joseph Marshall,
Stockport village.
742 females over
and 372 youth

value
$5,033,505
u.sed
An
oil-mill
was established by Judah Paddock one mile

gives the following exhibit of the
agriculture, at that
employed; $3,960,371
of materials
east of Columbiaville, about 1805.
$6,737,568 value of products. These were classed
as follows
The census of 1840

date:
iron
;
industries of the county, other than
Manufactures
5
iron
furnaces
made 915
EtilU-;No.of
tons cast-
liah-
Capitiil Il.incu' IiivLtf,!

I
"ages.
2 forges made 150 tons bars; 1372 tons coal used;
98 men and $51,500 capital employed. Stone 17 men; $1000 capital; value of product, $10,900. Machinery
manufactured
Small arms
uo.ê-*, paper.-...
$27,700
3U,(KHI
2,5(JO
4r.,llO<l
SO.OOO
l!coO
?22,3.')4
f37,,SCll
6^000
lOÔOO
^58
employees
$72,500, value of product.

;
Uroûl
and
utlii
5 men.
Marble
19
man.
Brick and lime
27 men;
1
8500, value of product
products Brick
Brooms
Carria;:ei
$8100, value of product.

181 men, and $93,450
Cotton
and wagor
Wool 28
capital;
Clothing, men's
Ctitton gooda
fulling-mills,
factories,
101,000 4,00U 55.100 47,450 20,980

l,I8(),.5(l<)
'
5G,3S8 9,725 6,0J5 3I.WI2 6,S70

2,41 1
92,422
110,1110
24,8.50
2R.X'in
244.005
, I
C77,Wa
147,141)
value of manufactured goods, $139,000.
DniuH and chemicHla

till
11 factories, 18,256 spindles,

persons, and
calico-printing factory,
760
products...
275,000 312,900
2;l,()0
2-'i,lKXI
1,157 9.18 3ni,lXKI

I
lO.l.iO
j
072 U20
9,l:iO
litiin
$893,300
capital
employed
value of manu-
factured
goods, $475,440.
;
Silk
male and 2 female

;
Gas. Grease and tallow Hats .and cups Hosiery

liistrniitelita,
al, etc Iron, pigs
51,000
I
8,100 2,508
I :
792,720 21,000
2.3,:i36
2,.500
7,4011
3S4500
4,907 9,800 8.000 307,721
I
'
12,185 12,180 398,245
operatives
$500
capital
9 pounds made
operatives;
value, $85.
capital;
capital
profession-
Mixed
manufactures
19
$17,800 product.
Tobacco
operatives
$6300 $1000
Iron ca-stinga (not specifled)

;
M
1:10,5IK)
30,751)
34,980
3.5,!IOO
I
134,480
12C,iKI0
'
$3500, value of manufactured goods.
Hats and caps
36
tan-
Iron, stoved, heaters, etc
Liquol
195,000 190,000
14,4011
38,125
2.l,7lH)
.|,:i."ii)
154,855
I
355,200
5:i,0i5
'
ed
:15,:IM0
I
operatives; $16,450 capital; product, $50,546.

neries
Ten
Machinery (not
89
of
on
speci fleii) anil
74.0(10
9,8110
18,700
24,IK10
;.
34,130
60,1101)
25,.'>iM)
operatives; $24,550 capital;
1200
capital
sides sole,
Marlde-\vo^k,tolltl)s^lnee
42,000
2l,noo 7,000
j
5790
value
sides upper, manufactured.
Nineteen other leather-
manufactories, saddleries, etc.

product.
capital;
$33,500
Paper (not specifled) wrapping
171,1100 ;9,iHKi
8,1K)0
37,:;(M)
10,000 89,091
19ii,145
178,850
379,4110
ll,:llK)
'
70,rMo
3,IHI0
Soap and candles
12
$49,700,
Pumps
Saddlery and
liarne:s.
2,800
24,001)
30,51 Kl
11, .588
5,7.'iO
52,941)
operatives;
Sash, Joors, and blinds... Till, cupper, and sheet*

Toliacco
15,000
48,8110
I '
13,899
20,000
1
$12,000
candles,
164,000 pounds, 46,000 pounds tallow
60,000 sperm
and wax candles manufactured.

gallons;
1
and cigura Woolen goods
5,450
4.50,inx)
14,418 4,718
011,400 12,1100
41,190
7,6.11
301,900
12,025 2,000
Two
lons
;
distilleries
15,800
;
Mining lion
brewery, 15,000 gal-
"
ore stone quarry...
75,000 15,000
'
20,1XX)
10 operatives
$35,300
;
and medicines manufactured
$8800 value drugs 8 operatives $1000 capital.

capital.
;
;
AGRICrLTL'R.\L.
Four
paper-mills
capital.
$9500, value of product

Four
16 operatives
The census
;
returns of Columbia county for the year
1840
$18,000
printing-oflices, 1 bindery,
3 weekly
capital.
;
show that there were 28,149 bushels wheat produced

299 bushels
rye,
in previ-
newspapers, 2 periodicals
-18
operatives;
$7000
ous year, 1971 bushels barley, 1,107,702 bushels oats, 323,-
Wagons and
mills
carriages
182
;
operatives; $52,650 oapital

articles.
97,733 bushels buckwheat, 412,032 bushels
$76,450, value of manufactured
Twelve
;
flouring-
corn, 242,777
pounds wool, 50 pounds hops, 377 pounds
18,250
barrels flour;
39
grist-mills
;
41
saw-niili.s;
wax, 560,819 bushels potatoes, 56,213 tons hay, 2 pounds

cocoons, 839 pounds sugar, 11,273 cords of wood sold, $201,566 dairy products, $30,506 orchard products, 34
silk
$170,275, value of product

ital.
62 operatives
$196,200 cap;
Furniture
$42,800, value of
;
manufactured goods
80 operatives; $16,400 capital. Sixteen brick orstone, and 76 wooden houses built; 216 men employed; $138,340,
value of construction
gallons wine,
$38,680, value of
all
other manuTotal capital
factured articles; capital invested, $18,500.

inve.'ited in
$31,282 value of home-made or family goods, $9900 value of market garden products, $100 florists' products, $29,606 value of poultry there were in the county 9064 horses, 32,699 neat cattle, 123,063 sheep, 54,911 hogs.
;
manufactures, $1,457,050.
oil
;
Fisheries
fish-oils,
37,075
277,200
.Alen
In 1855, 3242 pei-sons

farms, with
in
the county
made
returns of
gallons .>;perajaceti
gallons
;
whale and other
304.277 acres
improved, and
69,255 acres
live-stock,
value of whalebone and other product of fisheries,

;
unimproved.
Value of farms, $19,130,749;

tools
$147,800
304 men and $330,000
capital
employed.
$1,858,418;
t
."^teain, 7
and implements, $(i20,449.

1
horse-power: waler,
horse power.
Ij
Father at Hon. John W. Eilmonds.
Above
);rouud, 7
men; under ground,
men.
TOUO tons.
18
138
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUxVTY,

following
agricultural
NEW YOKK.
for the years
The census of 1875 shows the

exhibit
weight of
fleeces
1855, 1864, 1865, 1874,

W,-ight,
AverriKe, Pun.ide.
.3.30
and 1875, were
as follows:
EXHIBIT Of INDUSTRY AND WEALTH OF THE COUNTY.

Improved
acres,
NnmlKT Mumbcr.
1855 1864 1865 1874 1875
81,064 80,262 42,209 29,271 32,302
Pounda.
267, .168 31I,.S47 196.(110 l:i4,054
315,112, unimproved, 50,319 woodland,
11.786 other lands; value of farms,
323,453,394; farm
;
buildings other than dwellings, 33,546,295
stock, 82,217,-
144,452
3.S9 4.00 4.JS 4,03
390
tools
and implements, 8965,384
cost of fertilizers
The average
was
yield per acre of the principal crops in
1S74
bought
farms
acres;
in
in
1874, 18,753; amount of gross sales

in
from
as follows:
Tons hay, 1.18; bushels

oats,
barley,
rye,
19.42;
16.63;
1874,32,444,012; area plowed
1874,92,457
buckwheat, 12.22; corn, 18.03;

spring wheat, 4.67
;
22.72;
;
1875, 77,412; grasslands, pasturage, 1874, 87,048 1875, 90,464 acres;

acres
winter wheat, 17.29
hops,
247.14
acres;
105,082
1874, 40
104,220 acres mown 1874; 1875; hay produced 1874, 122,609 tons;
bushels produced in 1874, 699
;
(pounds)
potatoes, 69.38.
soil
Although the
of the county has to some extent be-
grass-seed,
1874, 535 bushels; barley, acres sown, 36 in

in
come exhausted by
a peculiar
system of agriculture,
it:
it
is
1875
buck;
unquestionable that, originally,
was unsurpassed
in
pro-
wheat, 7042 acres, 86,083 bushels
4038
acres,
1875
corn,
ductive qualities by that of any section of the
fertile
State
1874, 17,493 acres, 315,430 bushels; 1875, 17,835 acres;

oats,
of
1874, 27,624 acres, 627,614 bushels

rye,
1875, 30,418
New York. When Hudson
came, he found that the Indians, even by
acres;
1874, 44,813 acres, 521,155
bushels; 1875,
their slovenly methods, produced not only maize, of
which
39,952 acres; spring wheat, 1874, 3

acres,
acres,
14 bushels;
he saw
at one place
"enough
to load three ships,"
but they
1875, 2 acres; winter wheat, 1873, 21 acres; 1874, 54
had
also beans,
pumpkins,
abundance.
;
flax,
and a variety of other prodfound apple, plum, and

still
363 bushels; corn sown for fodder, 1874, 245 acres; 1875, 153 acres; beans, 1874, 66 acres, 706 bushels; 1875, 75 acres; peas, 1874, 6 acres, 103 bushels; 1875, 6 acres;
hops, 1874,
toes,
ucts,
and
all in
He also
mulberry-trees
and Indian orchards of the former
ex-
isted as late as the

in
commencement of the present century

in the county.
28
acres,
6920 pounds; 1875, 27

bushels;
acres;
trees,
acres; pota-
Ghent, and at other points
1874, 9579 acres, 664,591
1875, 11,510
as
acres; tobacco,
1874,280
1875, 200 acres; applefruit,
The Dutch settlers found the soil exceedingly we have before mentioned and that they
;
productive,
raised
and
orchards,
cider,
1
1874, 258,075
342,338 bushels,
shipped wheat
in
large
quantities
is
evidenced
by the
10,441 barrels; grapes, 1874, 403,292 pounds, 367 gallons wine made maple-sugar, 1875, 485 pounds, and 210 gallons syrup made; honey collected 1874, 14,459
;
journal of the Labadist brethren
seventeenth century.
instead,
who came here in the Now, wheat is almost unknown, but, waving fields of rye may everywhere be seen
;
pounds; horses on farms,
colts
of 1875, 371
;
do. of
1874,
throughout the county

should be entitled
to
and
this,
is
by those whose opinions
362
103
2 years old and over,

poultry,
;
9295
mules on farms, 1875,

;
weight,
it
said to be a
more
profitable
value
owned
1875, 873,856
value sold
;
crop than the wheat, which

It
is
has superseded.
1874, 834,226
value eggs sold 1874, 842,467

old,
neat cattle
yearlings,
found that the
soil
and climate of the county are

its
is
on farms, 1875, heifers, 977 2 years
1384
excellently adapted to the production of fruit, and

tion
cultiva-
1749
calves,
854
in
bulls of
all
ages,
1935 working oxen and

1875,
b on
the increase, with the best results.
It
believed
steers; milch-cows,
1874, 12,084;
12,414;
cattle
that the
it is
first
Newtown
pippins ever seen in England (and

all
slaughtered
1874, 949; dairy products, cows whose milk 1874, 12; 1875, 4; butter made
in
the apple which to-day takes precedence of
others
was sent
families
to
factory
in the
English market) were raised in what

it
is
now Colum-
1874,
1,157,267
pounds; milk sold

in
in
market
1874,
bia county; for
is
known
that,
iis
early as 1767, Robert
1874, 482,482 gallons; cheese made
families
;
Livingston (the third lord) sent a barrel of that variety to
32,303;
9386 pounds; sheep, number shorn 1874, 29,271 1875, weight of clip 1874, 134,054 pounds; 1875,
149,452 pounds; lambs raised 1874, 19,211
;
England, where their beauty and delicious flavor

notices of the highest approbation.
elicited
1875,22,119;
slaughtered
Several
rious times
It isâid
members of the Livingston

takeu great interest
in
family have at va-
slaughtered
1874, 1576; killed by dogs, 266; swine, pigs

;
matters of agriculture.
first
of 1875, 15,446
of 1874 and older, 15,051
that the
famous Merino sheep were
introit
on
farms
1874,
13,438;
pork
made on farms 1874,
duced into America by Chancellor Livingston, who,
is
2,633.138 pounds.
known, imported some exceedingly

were 3534, the area of which
acres,
fine
ones about the year

the celebrated
that,
Of
was
acres,
farms of
all
sizes there
1801.
flock of
in
They were procured by him from

Rambouillet
in
as follows:
424 under 3
311 between 3 and 10

5(1,
France, and
it
was estimated
171 between 10 and 20, 304 between 20 and
544
the year 1S12, 60,000 of the descendants of his importa-
between 50 and 100, 1708 between 100 and 500, 10 between 500 and 1000, and 2 over 1000 acres. There was an increase of farms of
all
tion at
were in the United States,

that lime
the
flock at
Clermont alone
Horatio
numbering about one thousand.

in his
sizes over
the returns of
1870 of
Gates Spaflbrd,
Gazetteer of Columbia County, pub-
562
422 of the
increase being on farms under 3 acres, 109

acres,
lished about 1823, says,
Unfortunately for themselves and
between 3 and 10
17 between 10 and 20, 11 between
the country, the farmers have overvalued and undervalued

in
20 and 50, 132 between 100 and 500, and 2 over 1000
acres.
quick succession the Merino sheep, the subject of so
much
after
The farms between 50 and 100 acres decreased 137. The number of sheep shorn, weight of clip, and average
speculation, profit, loss,

diligent inquiry
and twofold regrets;" but

to
we have been unable
learn
that these
:;

sheep were ever raised to any great extent in this county,
with the exception of the Livingston
flock,
NEW
YORK.
Lippett, Elisha
139
D. Steward,
lett S.
Waterman
W.
Bushnell, Bart-
and that of
is
Marshall, William R. Mesick, executive committee.
Beriah Pease, at his " Fonda farm," upon what

called
fine
now
fair
was held September 28-30, 1859, at which the

S2057.39, and the expenses 81930.15.
re-
Mount Merino
frotn
the fact that he kept there a
ceipts were
In 1865
floral hall
flock of
those sheep.
The
raising of the ordinary
additional lands were bought,
and
in
1866
new
breeds of shoop, however, has in past times been entered

into extensively, but has
was
built.
In 1868 more land was bought, the price paid
now
greatly fallen
oflF,
though the
being 83000.
Besides
the
annual
fairs,
several
spring
average weight of wool produced, per sheep, has steadily

increased, and was greater in
exhibitions of horses, sheep shearings, etc., have been held.
1875 than
in
any year pre-
The
receipts
and disbursements since and including 1859

Beceipts.
viously reported.
have been
as follows
Dtsbureements.
The
earliest reference
which we
find to the introduction

in
of labor-saving agricultural machinery
Columbia county
in
was in the year 1806, being an advertisement
the Columis
bia Balance of January 28 in that year. Following
a copy
"The
subscriber, finding
tlic
principle of his P.itont Threshing
M.acbine highly approved of in
many
parts where they have been
well built; but being sensible they ha\'e not
gone so generally into
use as might be expected, owing to ine.xperieneed

fore has proposed,
workmen being
;
era-
ployed, and want of proper materials in erecting them
and now informs those
He thereFarmers who may think it
an object
son,
to
under
his
make application, that he will have them built in Hudown inspection, and will warrant them to e.\tracC at the
day
;
rale of oO to 60 bushels per
that they shall answer every reason-
1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1367 1870 1871 1872 1373 1374 1875 1876 1877
Total
$2,057.39 1,036.36 1,437.60 1,059.13

2,.348.40
$1,930.15
1,234.89 1,427.70
2,125.91 2.927.19 3,322.48 4,909.45 1,701.26 2,341.46 1,362.63 1,420.30

1,6S6..38
799.36 1,747.11 2,444.61 3,437.97 3,790.80

6.587..3
1,501.00
.3,018.53
339.71
(prems.) 532.75 " 1,516.36
1,733.60 1,399.43 1,727.93
"
"
"
1,046.00 1,051.00 1,177.50
may return them at any time within Having provided proper materials for that purpose, he flatters himself that some patriotic Farmers will embrace the favorThe machines may be easily conveyed on a wagon able opportunity.
able expectation, or the purchaser
$35,613.15
$33,632.83
one year.
In 1868 the gate fees were 82732.25
premiums
paid,
or Bled.
Price, SIOO.
" C. HoxiE.
82970.42; 81000 being paid for horse premiums. The State appropriations have been about $325 annually for
several years past.
" Hudson, January, 1306."

It
is
claimed that the
first
mowing-machine was invented
The
presidents and secretaries of the society since

as follows:
1859
and constructed by a Mr. Real, of Spencertown, in the town It is mentioned of Austerlitz, between 1830 and 1840. that " it had a straight scythe, and was at least a good experiment
in
have been
Presidents.
Peter
F. Mesick,
John
T.
Hogeboom, Na-
the right direction."

agricultural society of which
than S. Ashley, Peter S. Pulver, Staats D. Tompkins, J. Wesley Jones, Lewis F. Payne, Stephen G. Bushnell,
The
first
we
find
mention
George L. Morris, Isaac M.

vest-er
Pitts,
John D.
Shufeldt, Sil-
wa,s the " Agricultural Association
of Dutchess and Colum-
bia Counties," of which General Jacob Rutsen

selaer
Van RensRed Hook,"

in
Van Deusen, J. N. Garner. Hiram D. Ford, Abraham Secretaries.
Ashley,
E.
was the
.secretary in
1817.
In that year the associa'
Backus, Charles A. Belden, Nathan H. Thomas, A. Ashley,
tion held a fair
and
cattle
show
at Loop's, in
to
Jr.,
Joseph P. Hogeboom, H. M. Ford,
J.
Wesley
at
which the premiums offered amounted

:
8200, being
Jones, Charles H. Beale, James Smith, Charles E. Clark,
part as follows
W.
Winter Wheat,
to be harvested in 1818
H. Ten Broeck.
Officers
For the best

"
"
five acres
$25
15
/or 1878.
S.
Van Deusen,
president; P.
secretary
;
F.
"
" "
"
"
" "
acre of Potatoes, 1817 five acres of Indian corn five acres B.irley pair of Pigs, four to nine
Mesick, vice-president
J.
W.
Boriglit,
W.
H.
25 20
Ten Broeck,
term expires
expires 1881.
treasurer;
Directors:
John Harmon, Ezra

L.
months
old
15
Lasher, term expires 1879; H. C. Pinson, G. L. Morris,
We
have made considerable research
in order to discover
1880;
James Bain, M.
Hanor, term
the names of the fortunate ones to
whom
were awarded the

to
premiums, but without success.
Neither are we able
trace the subsequent history of the association.
THE COLU.MBIA AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL

ASSOCIATION
was incorporated March
outside the limits of
bitions.
1,
THE COLUMBIA COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Owing
to the loss or
1861, and has

City,
its
it
grounds just
its
misplacement of the old records of
Hudson
where
holds
exhi-
the society, the exact date of the organization of the County Agricultural Society has not been determined.
It
The
incorporators
were J. Van
Ness
Philip,
held
its
meetings for
many
years in Hudson, and about
1855 was
thirtyfifteen
removed
acres of
in
to
Chatham.
In
seventh annual one.
The fair of 1377 was the 1856 the society purchased
Henry S. Van De Carr, Peter Bogardus, George H. Power, Wynkoop, Samuel T. Du Bois, P. P. Rossman, R. B. The capit.il stock was 812,000, Shepard, F. A. Giff'ord. The first officers were as follows Henry at 810 per share.
P. S.
:
ground
a
at that village,
paying S2400 therefor, and

In -1859 the following
;
S.
Van De
Carr, president
Silas
W.
Tobey, Samuel
A.
185S
horse fair was held.
Miller,
David Crapser, Hiram P. Hoysradt, David Miller,

Robert B. Shepard, treasurer
;
;
oflSccrs
were elected: Peter F. Mesick, president

;
Peter E.
vice-presidents;
Frederick
Van
Alstyne, vice-president
treasurer
;
Henry K. Coburn,
Hiram D. Ford, secretary John T. Hogoboom, William
A.
Giff'ord,
secretary
Directors,
George
S.
H. Power and
Samuel
T.
Du
Bois,
1860-64; Peter
Wynkoop, Peter
140
HISTORY OF COLU.MBIA COUNTY,

;
NEW
YORK.
Bogardus, 18ti0-65
penter, 18G0-t)6.
Peter P. Rossman, William A. Car-
village of East
building forty by one hundred feet in
Chatham, during the summer of 1874, a size, in which to press
On June
11,
1860, the
directors
voted
to
purchase
and store hay and straw, using the " P. K. Dederiek Perpetual Baling Press," run by a six-horse steam-engine, and
able to press from ten to fifteen tons per day.
grounds, and appointed committees for purchase, and sur-
vey and grading, and on buildings.
The Mellen
In 1860 the
lot
was
purchased, and buildings were erected on the plan of those of the Troy Agricultural Society.
first
The
association presses
and markets about two thousand
fair
tons of hay and straw yearly, and has
made East Chatham

It also enables
articles
was
held,
and was reported by the press
as " a splendid suc-
one of the best hay-markets

its
in
the county.
cess," with a " larger

e.'ihibited
and
finer display of stock
than ever
members
is
to
purchase
coal, seed, flour,
and other
before in
the county," and also a " very fine ex-
at wholesale, and to save largely on commissions

It
by
so doing.
hibition of agricultural implements."
The attendance was

Annual
fairs
not organized under the State Grange of Patrons of

is
very large.
The second
fair
was held Sept. 25-27, 1861, and
Husbandry, but
its
an independent organization,
in
which
the receipts of which were 52200.62.
members
fixtures
are general partners.
The
cost of
its
building
annual horse shows have been held every year since the
first
and
was $4500, and the Boston and Albany Railit,
year, 1860.
In 1866 the receipts were S55S7.57, and
road company has laid tracks to ing upon cars

is
so that the labor of load-
the
premiums paid were 1263.

in
In 1867 the capital stock
reduced to a minimum.
was increased 815,000, and

were bought.
stories,
1868 additional grounds

feet,
The
present ofiBcers of the association are Ira C. Smith,
In 1869 a new building, 16 by 16

In 1870 the
two
president; H.
secretary
;
W.
Ellsworth, vicspresident
A. C. Bradley,
;
was
built.
Hood
property was bought

at a cost of
Jay N. Preston,
Harger, salesman.
treasurer and superintendent
at
$5000, and the covered amphitheatre built

In 1873 a portion of the
over,
George
S.
SI 186.50.
Hood
property,
some
The economical
and straw arc items
products.
pressing, baling,
to
and shipment of hay
4 acres and
was sold
for
S2500.
In 1876 Floral
be considered by the farmers of this
Hall was burned, and a new one erected at a cost of $5000.
county, as hay and rye form two of the chief agricultural
The new
hall
is
50 by 150
feet,
45
feet
high in the
clear,
Vast quantities of unpressed straw are sold to

and nearly
and surmounted with a cupola, from which a charming view

of the surrounding country
is
the numerous paper-manufactories of the county, but large

quantities are likewise required to be baled
;
obtained.
The grand stand
all
has a capacity of 2500 covered seats.

track
cattle
is
fine
half-mile
the hay product
is
sold in that condition.
Besides these
inclosed within the grounds,

for
and
well-built stalls for
two, the other principal crops produced by the farmers of
and horses, sheds
sheep and swine, coops for fowls,
the county are

soils arc
oat.s,
potatoes,
and Indian corn.
The
slaly
and rooms
for agricultural implements, attest the successful
thought the best for the production of rye, but the

" Granite
soils
management of
as are
ail
the association
and
its
popularity.
The
by
limestone lands are preferred for most other crops.
grounds, some 25 acres in area, are kept

of the buildings.
society,
in fine condition,
and granular limestone give the constituents of the
on
The
latter are not excelled
and among the Taghkanics, whilst graywacke and blue

limestone,
any county
and e({ualed by few.
much of which
slate,
is
shelly,
and much metalliferous,

soils of
The The
receipts of the last fair

to
1877 were
$3850, and
superimposed on
remainder."
form the very various
the
premiums paid amounted
$1700.
Nearly the whole of the county belongs

the prevailing rocks are the
to the
presidents and secretaries have been as follows since

:
transition formation;
Hudson
and
the organization of the society
river shales.
Nature has furnished abundant store of lime-
Presidents. Henry S. Van De Carr, 1860-61, and 1863-68; Jacob W. Hoysradt, 1869-78. Secretaries. Fredk. A. Gilford, 860-64 John C. Hogeboom, 1864-65 Chas. W. Macy, 1866-75 W. H. Travcr,
1
; ; ;
stone as a
clayey,
means of tempering such

in
soils as
are cold
and
many
places the lime in the form of marl
requires no burning to form a stimulant.
Professor
W. W.
Mather, in his report on the geology
1876-78.
of
:
New
York, remarked as follows concerning the useful-
The
T.
present oflSccrs are
ness of marl as a fertilizer

;
Jacob
W.
Hoysradt, president
H.
S.
Van De
Carr, S.
" Shell or lake marl, so very useful on
some
soils
as a
Du
Bois,
H. W. Rogers,
I.
W.
Tobey, Lemuel Holmes,
manure,
is
continually forming.
It
is
abundant
in
some
form.s
vice-presidents;
secretary
;
B. S. Johnson, treasurer;
Gillette,
W. H.
Traver,
parts of the district,
more particularly
. . .
in thiit
which
Cyrus Macy, John E.
D. M. Haviland,
the valley of the Hudson.

shell-marl
is
The
it,
value of fiesh-watcr
intelligent
still
T. H. Gantley, Richard Kidney, Cyrus Groat, directors.
well
it
known among our

see
farmers
but few know
when they
to
and
fewer
know
in
THE
which has
its
FARMEIIS' UNION ASSOCIATION,
what
H.
situations
seek
it."
He
mentions, however, only

it
headquarters at East Chatham, was organized
seven different points where he discovered

county,
viz.
:
in
Columbia
one or
March
20, 1874. with Ira A.

;
Smith
as president;
;
W.
C.
in
;
a pond four miles north of
Kinderhook
Ellsworth, vice-president
Preston, treasurer
;
A. C. Bradley, secretary
S.
Jay N.
;
(sixty acres)
at a point
(which he had not

;
visited)
George
;
Harger, .salesman
C.
two miles west of Maiden

acres
;
Crysler's pond, Copake, seven

ten acres
;
Campbell, superintendent
mostly farmers.
was
to
enable
and now has forty-five members, The principal object of the association its members to secure, at the least expense,
Rhoda pond, Copake,

;
Woodward's pond,
Copake, eight acres farm

;
Hillsdale, in
pond on Mrs. Burton's
and on lands of Mr. Mitchell and Judge Loop.

it
To
an advantageous market for their products, more especially
identify the two last-named points
wjll
be necessary to rein the year
hay and straw.
For that purpose they erected
in
the
member
that the professor's report was
made
1843.
NEW YORK.
141
CHAPTER
.State
XVI.
raised by the colonists for building forts, raising

troops,
and paying
VALUATIONS AND TAXATION.

Loans and United States Deposit Funds.
and for other war purposes, besides the excise tax of a penny in the pound for the ordinary and incidental Before 1776 the colonists were charges of the colony.
obliged to pay nearly 1,000,000 sterling.
first
Public moneys were first raised in the colony of New York, June 1, 1G65, by warrant issued by the governor,
Colonel Xicolls, to the sheriff and collectors.*
It
In 17S8 the
regular system of taxation was adopted by the State.

first
would
The
tax levied in Columbia county was in 1786,

as follows
County Tax.
.
B.
appear that antecedent

raised
to this
time the towns and counties

use,
and was apportioned
moneys
for their
own
but the precise mode
is
District Tax.
Total.
not known.
the
tax called a "benevolence" was raised on
d.
Ufi 67 120
17
..
d.
Kinderhook
Hillsdale
209
15
10
5
inhabitants, as appears from a letter from Governor
HO
200 609 ISl 53
13 15
5
9
7
386 207
.i20
d.
1:)
9
7
15
5
Andross, and Smith observes "this proceeding was a badge

of bad times."
tion
Kings
In 1683, the
first
regular system of taxa-
by law was adopted.
The wars of England with
Manor Livingston Claverack (Jerman Camp

Total
16
17
30
6
626 212
181
3
16
2 5
15
10
U
6
European
nations, especially with the French, plunged the
1635
360
1995
16
colony into an enormous debt, most burdensome to the

inhabitants.
The
last
assessment and valuation

as follows
was that of 1877,
From 1691
to
1709 the sum of 61,861 was
which was
Eql'aliied Valcatio.
.\ncriim
.\ustcrlitz
Canaan Chatham
Claverack
$537,365 321,910 580,920

1,016,325 1,776,695
I '
Clermont
432,730
1,412.730
Cupake
Gallatin
(jcrmantown Ghent Greenport

Hillsdale
435,156 449,565 1,224,325

fl.'*0,350
509,950
Hudson,
Ward. 2d Ward. nd Ward.

1st
9.55.125
454,412
979,2110
!
4lh
Ward
Kinderhook
Livingston
916,750 1,395,305
8011,840 374,.S70
New Lebanon
Stockport Stuyvesant
Taghkanic
438,440 916,726 669,320
542,170 18,050 33,340 229,740 139,400 174.100 110,260 14,733 43,930 117.316 204.700 96,350 706,706 157,000 405,550 399,200 755,675 73,497 57,050 66,600 191,960 103,463
$530,035 342,900 614,760

1,846,065 1,916.095 656,830 1,529,040
25,865 28,676 20,770

31,7113
44,S94 493,495
1,341,641
885,050 606,300
1,662,221
1
30,224 11,213 24,026 23,690 7,499 27,049 11,402 30,013
S24.00 8.874 20.00 39.00 32.00 24.00 21.00

11.50 31.50 33.00 22.50 15.00
$620,760 254,500 415,400

1,230.417
967,163 209,112 504,546 272,435 236,218 912,334 370,565 450,195

1,350,000
S42,170 18,050 33,840 229.740 139,400 174.100 116,260

14,738 43,930 117,316 204,700 96,350
i
$662,930 272.550 449,240

1,466.157 1,106.563 443,212 620,806 287,173 230,148 1,029.700
575,265 546.545
3,013,546
611,412
1,384,750 1,315,950 2,150,930 374,337
J
1,000
1350.00
40.00 25.00 15.75 31.50 34.50
11.50
1,063,540
432,520 555,040 1,103,636 773,233
20,389 23,100 20,955 6,194 14,396 23,392
'
'
815,560 577,500 330,041

195,111
4!I6,662
274,753
755,675 73.497 57,650 06,600 191,960 103,463
1,571,235 650,997 387,691 261,711 638,022 378,221
$17,983,359
$4,147,935
$22,131,344
332,656
$10,549,.332
$4,147,985
$14,697,31
: :
'
:
142
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUxXTY,

in taxes
NEW
is
YORK.
the statement of the
Over 8450,000 has been paid

total taxes paid
for
highway and
The
levied
following
amount of tax
in
bridge purposes since the organization of the county.
The
and assessed upon the incorporated companies

for the year
the
by (he people of Columbia county since the
county of Columbia
1877:
organization of the county, exclusive of the city and scliool

taxes of Hudson, and the taxes raised for school purposes
in
Naue
a.no Locatio.v.
Real.
I
Personal.
the school districts, are as follows, by decades
From
" " " "
17?6 to ISOO
ISOltolSlO
1811 to 1820
1.821 to lS:iO
$101,570.26 89,204.48
231,ljfi.43
State Bank, Ch.itham Aqnedncc (>>nipany. Hudson
SIT.OOO
12,0UU!
5i4:.07
;j:)-.;.9:l
SOOO
t'oiuj
Hudson
Paper
(Jar
Wheel
28'J,264.97
" "
"
"
1840 1.841 to 1850 1851 to 1S60 1861 to 1870 1871 to 1877

18:il to
310,968.06 391,594.18
73S,.-)24.82
pany, Hudson Albany and Rensselaer Iron Works, Hniiaon

Cilskill
12,000
75,001)'
| '
14,325:
j
C5-0.1O
and
Albany
Steamboat
-
2,714,734.99 2,098,706.32
Company, Hudson Clappi Junes Manuf.icturing Com-:

pany, Hudson Farmers' National Dank, Hudson.... FInt National Uank, Hudson
'
7,000'
S,.iO<)
4il,0O()
47,I)0U'
5S,."inl)
50,000
3mi,i)00
I,4.VI07
8,4'.i2.97
j
4(),000,
2,U00.
I
200,000.
t
340,000 202,000
8,0IX)
5.004.50
Total
$7,021,615.11
Hudson
City
Siivint;^
Institution,'
The
the
heaviest tax paid in a single year was in 1864,
when
taxes
in
amounted
to
444,584.30; the next heaviest
was
1873, $347,708.32.
The
appropriations
the board of supervisors against the tax

follows
made by of 1877 were as

$97,239.60
S,9;t2.76
Hods<.n National Hudson River Dank, Hud-j son N. Y. & Hudson Steam Tran.sp. Com-, pany, Hudson The Huilson Gas Company, Hudson.; The Hudson Iron Company, Hudson.! The National Dank, Kinderhook The National Union Dank, KinderI
8,000
]
103.17
0,894.43
l,3i:l.83
l,2:l'.)..-.:i
I
j
12,000'
|
250,000
30,000 4",000
14.j,071
202,000
53,n<)l)
2.1,000
10,000
15l),000,
3,U00,
|
.20U,UUO
i
oD.iHK) 293,1)71 203,1)00
7,:llJ'.l.ii.i
2,l7::..lC
hook
Total
_..
4,000,
188,000
81,480,890
192.01)0'
2,03ii.0o
For State tax " interest on county bonds " supervisors, clerk, and doorkeeper
"
"
$355,400
81,S42,29C $40,315.01
court e\[iense3
salaries
"
" " "
countv buildings, insurance, water, gas, charities, including poor-house trust fund interest contingent fund
Total
etc.
3,300.00 8,000.00 7,500.00 1,500.00 19,020.00 2,000.00 5,000.00
During the existence of the

the excise tax or license the
oflSce
of county
exci.se
com-
missioner there was received into the county treasury from
sum of 823,367.
$153,092.36
THE STATE LOAN.
The
gross receipts by the county treasury for the year

bal-
On
the 18th of April, 1786,
bills
of credit to the amount
ending Nov. 27, 1877, were 5250,198.89, including a

ance of S9,837.33 on hand from 1876.
for taxes collected
;
of .200,000
(New York
currency) were emitted by the
8161,380.95 was
county bonds
State for the relief of the people, in the

lating
to
way of
a circu-
826,695 from the
sale of
and 831,361.60 from the State school fund

887,601.56 was paid
to the State treasurer;
for distribution.
medium, and loaned to the different counties according their population, and loan commissioners appointed in
real
84800
for the
each county to manage and loan the same on

security at five per cent, per
estate
insane asylum on the county farm;
812,985.81
for
the
annum, the loan

to
to
run four-
support of the poor; 38498.90 to State charities; 812,465.-
teen years and limited to

bills
300
any one person.
These
22
for
expenses growing out of the courts
88500
for sala-
of credit were counterfeited, and in February, 1788,

bills
ries.
balance was
left
on hand of 82016.86, and about
new
were printed for those
in circulation
and the old

nil
81500 was due from

follows
the towns for the year's unpaid taxes.
ones retired, and a death penalty declared against

terfeiters
coun-
Railroad corporations were taxed for the year 1878 as

Valuation County.
of the
now
issue.
In
1790 another
loan
was
In
made to the new counties, and in 1807-8 still another loan was made by the creation of a debt by the State, bonds
$13,912.23 5.030.75 12.021.05 6,822.20 469.66 2,344.58
1,012.18
New York Central and Hudson New York and Harlem

lioston
Uivcr
and Albany
lioston
Hudson Branch,
Marie
Ilhinc
and .Albany
Exte nd Cunneetii
e.
$1,340,784 567.200 970,250 029,850 20,750 17S,I45
being issued therefor and sold, and the funds arising there-
from distributed pro rata among the counties on the basis

of population, and
commissioners, appointed as before to

in
handle the funds
each county.
The amount
received
in
llartlurd
by Columbia county in 1792 was 840,325. and

99
1808,
$12,012.65
is
818.58(1, and was kept at interest as a separate fund until
The
lows
present bonded indcbtodiioas of the
junty
as fol-
1S50, when
it
was con.solidated with the
War bonds
(extended), due March
I,
C.inal debt, due .March 1, 1879, IssO. lionds issued on settlement of claims
3 and 1884 1881 I State
$40,000 74,753
l.i.OOO
UNITED ST.^TES DEPOSIT FUND,

the principal of which was deposited in the county
in
1837,
Total
and amounted
to
SIOO.298.54, and
.sopai-ate
ami
distinct
com-
Town
Cbalham
liallalin
indebtedness
"
"
'
missioners appointed to loan the .same.

$30,875 59.500 27,000
,250
,1100
This deposit fund
ncram Railroad bonds...

853.500, othe
was the portion awaided

plus
to
Columbia county from the sur-
purp.
860l]0.
moneys
in
the
United States treasury deposited with
Iludic.n war bonds, $39,500: watcr-.-suppIv, sewor..^. etc 8245.01)0: eeineteries. .84500; other i.urp'oses, .<67,250..
I.i>iiig3turi
the .several States by act of Congress of the
June 23, 1S30, and amount deposited with \ew York was, by act of the
.\.piil 4,
l'lialb:iin
.New l,cb:inou Railroiid bunds Vilhige l.iivu ball Kiiiderhuok Village town hall
Tot;il.
2,200 100.000 2,000 5,000
Legislature of
1837, distributed among the several
counties according to their population.
The
loans from this
fund arc limited between 20(1 and 82000 to a single individual, except in
.$721,573
New
York, where the limits arc SJIIU and

S5000.
NEW YORK.
H.
Teal,
143
The
interest
is
charged
at
seven per
less fees
cent.,
and
the
Rockefeller, Jacob
George Ellsworth, Henry H.

Rockefeller.
the same paid into the State treasury,
and expenses
Teal, Elisha Miner, Philip
W.
of collection, and by the comptroller distributed
among
Surgeon's-Mate
John
T. Brodhead.
for the
counties for the support of schools and academies.
And
44th:
at the
same time the following were issued
The
visors,
State loans were guaranteed by the board of super-
and
after
paying several
losses,
an order was passed
Second Major, John Tibbits.

Quartermaster, John Lockwood.
to
pay the principal back

in
to the
State as fast as the loans
were paid
in
by the parties who contracted the same, and
1S50, the amount remaining of the loans of 1792 and
Henry P. Mesick, Isaac Ford, John Knox, Zadoc Koapp.

Captains
:
1808 was but S5510.

running
at interest
Some
portion of this fund

in
is
still
Lieutenants
on the original loans made
1795.
berlain, Flavel Tiflfauy,
Ralph Tanner, Luther Chase, David ChamJakah Lawrence.

Morehouse,
The amount
reported on loan by the loan commissioners in
Ensigns
Daniel
Samuel
Wise,
William
November, 1877, was $69,013.70. Under the act of 1786, 22,000 was apportioned to Albany county, a portion of
which was loaned
in to citizens in the
Stuart, Peter
Downing, Amos M. Knapp.
list
of commissions, issued about the same time, for
territory
now
included
the 165th Regiment, was as follows:
Columbia county.
Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant, Augustus N. Holly.

First Major, Nicholas Robinson.
Second Major, John Finch.

Quartermaster, Philologus Holley.
CHAPTER
Culumbia Counly
in the
XVII.
Adjutant, Isaac B. Williams.
MILITARY.
War
of 1.SI2-15, and the Great Rebellion.
Surgeon, Charles Suydam.

Payraa.ster, Elisha Wilcox.
Captains
Gideon P. Wolcott, John
Stall,
Teunis Race,
I.
WAR
In the
last
OF 1812 TO 1815. 1812 to 1815, number of troops (both men), though few of them saw acBritjiin, in
Conrad
I.
Wilsey,
Henry M. Hoffman, George
Rossman,
war against Great
Columbia county furnished

volunteers and drafted
tual service
a large
John A. Decker, Daniel Baker, Jr. Lieutenants John C. Drum, Christian C. Shultz, David Langdon, Abraham Bain, Daniel Loughren, John B. Van Dusen, John T. Breseo, Cornelius S. Williams.
:
under
hostile fire.
Ensigns
Richard Towiiscnd, Peter
Silvernail,
Ebenezer
Of the
to that
military organizations existing in the county prior
Finch, Robert Kline, Cornelius Washiuan, Alvin Covey,
war we obtain some idea from an old brigade order,

as
signed by Joseph Lord
brigade-major, and issued by
command
of Brig.-Gcn. Samuel
Ten Broeck, Aug.

in
10,
James Conklin, John Kingman. For the 5th Regiment of cavalry we find commissions issued in 1813 and 1814 to residents of Columbia county,
as follows
:
1806, directing that a review and inspection of his brigade
be held near the tavern of Jacob Moul,

the 2d of September in that year.
Claverack, on
Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant, Walter T. Livingston.

First Major,
ThediflFerent
commands
as
Henry Brown.
mentioned
follows
1.
in the order as
composing the brigade were
Second Major, Reuben Ranney.

Captains
:
Robert H. Van Rensselaer, John P. Mesick,

Daniel B. Stranahan, Jeremiah Hoff-
The regiment
of infantry
commanded by Maj. Robert

it
Esq.
First Lieutenants
:
T. Livingston, having attached to
the troop of cavalry
commanded by Capt. Walter T. Livingston. 2. The regiment of infantry under command of Lieut. Col. Jacob llutsen Van Rensselaer attached to which was the troop of horse commanded by Capt. Killian Hogeboom,
;
man.
Second Lieutenants
liam
I.
:
Seth Mix,
Adam
Sagendorpli, Wil-
Johnson.
:
Cornets
Aaron Beardsley, Amasa K. Center.

is
and a company of
3.
artillery
under Capt. Gilbert Jenkins.

;
The
.S.
following
a copy of the " muster-roll of a
company
The infantry regiment of Lieut. -Col. Cornwell with Capt. John Whiting's troop of cavalry attached. The brigade was still under command of Gen. Ten Broeck at the opening of the war. and as to the commands composing it, we find reference to the 15th, 44th, 5(Jth. and 105th Regiments of infantry. In the 15tli Regiment the
following commissions were issued in April, 1814, viz.:
of Volunteer cavalry under
command
of Captain Lodowick
Babcock.
Mustered
for
into the service of the
United States
Aug. 25, 1812,

for the
the term of one year, actual service, or

in
term specified
an act of Congress passed Feb.
6,
1.S12:
.
Lodowick
S.
Babcock, captain.
first
John Ranney,
lieutenant.
Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant,
John Shaver. John

Ross-
Royal Torrey, second lieutenant.

G. R. Fitch, cornet.
I,
Majors
First,
Cyrus Capron
Second, Ira Gale.
Captains: Robert Kiting, Joseph Hoot,

njan, Elias Fingar,
William 3Ioore, sword-m;ister

Oliver
Nov. 20, 1812).
Hugh
Knickerbackcr.
W.
Brewster,
first
sergeant.
Lieutenants:
Anson Gale, Jonas Lasher, John Kline,

Jr.,
Abram
P. Douglass, second sergeant.
Frederick F. Stickle, John McKin.stry,

son, Cornelius
Charles Rubin-
Washburn.
I.
Henry Warner, third sergeant. Henry Budlong, fourth sergeant.

Ovid
I'iiiiiey, first
Ensigns: BenjaniiU
.ÎillLr,
Jeremiah Be^t, Jacob
1'.
corporal.

1-44
MEW
YORK.
gallantly as a
Elijah Rich, second corporal.
Ambrose Spencer, served

commodore's
fleet,
midshipman
in
the
Hiram
Frisbie, third corporal.
and was "wounded upon that occasion.
Sj-lvanii3 Mott, fourth corporal.
Wm. W.
Hampton
George
Watkins, saddler.
C. Babcock, farrier.
At the commencement of the war Gen. Scott marched through the county with a command of about seven hundred men, destined for service in the north, making his
encampment
F. Pratt,
for a night in the city of
William P. Dexter, blacksmith.

Bristol, trumpeter.
Hudson, on
a spot
Privates.
Orrin Tickner,
Benjamins,
of vacant ground near the present site of the court-house.
Bartholomew
James
For many of the above

are indebted to
facts relative to the
movements
of 1812
Peasly, Elial
Benjamin Hutchinson, Lemuel

Ananias Hocomb, John
of the Columbia county troops in
the
War
we
Kilburn,
Abram
Ely, Philip Pitts,
Wheeler H. Clarke, Esq., of Hudson.
C. Wilkinson, Palmer Watterman, Reuben B. Babcock, Matthew A. Lord, Isaac V. Marcelius, Thomas Wright, Daniel
THE
The
bellion
W.\.R
OP THE REBELLION.
John Parks, George G. Simmons, Burton Munroe (Oct. 22, 1812), Jacob Hait, John Darling, George Babcock (waiter), John T. Baker, Peleg Kittle (died at BufDavis,
falo,
part performed by the county of Columbia in the

to
war waged from 1861
1865, for the suppression of
re-
Dec. 5, 1812), Wheeler Lamphin.
was largely composed

the county, and
The above company, known as the " Governor's Guard," ol' men from the northeastern part of
its field
and the preservation of the Union, was most honorable and patriotic. At the receipt of the intelligence of
the attack on Fort Sumter, in April, 1861, there were seen
of service during the war was on
here the same demonstrations of loyalty to the Union and
the frontier, in the vicinity of Niagara river.
of determination to crush out treason at every hazard
the
A
C-:
regiment or battalion under
command of
same
Lieut-Col.
patriotic meetings
and
flag-raisings
the same dispoto
Vosburgh, of Stuyvesant Landing, served from about September, 1812, to March, 1813, on the northern frontier, at
Cliateaugay, French
iMills,
sition of
young men
to volunteer,
so, as
and of old men
en-
courage and aid them in doing

in nearly
were found everywhere,
-r'
and other
points.
Among
Col.
>*"
^-.
Vosburgh's company commanders were Capts. James Warner, Ira Gale, and Jared Winslow.
The
" Light Infantry

to colonel
Battalion" of Lieut.-Col. (after-
every county throughout the Empire State. And when our armies melted away in the fervent heat of battle, and call after call was made for men to take the places of those who had fallen, there was .shown here the same deter-
wards promoted
and brigadier-general) Jacob R.
mination
to
stand by the government at whatever cost
and
Van
<'._
Rensselaer was ordered to the defense of the city of
the people and the local authorities witli the same alacrity
Now York
during
its
about Sept. 1, 181-1, and remained on that duty whole term of service, but had no occasion to
in
voted the moneys which were called for to accomplish the

desired end.
participate
any engagement.
Wiis
Col.
Van
The
troops from Columbia county
who
entered the ser-
Rensselaer's
vice of the
second
talion
in
command
Maj. John Whitbeck, and the bat-
government during the
War
of 18(U-65 were,
:
contained the uniformed company known as the Hudson Greens," commanded by Capt. Barnabas Waterman a company of artillery also from Hudson commanded by Capt. Elias Worden, and the infantry companies of Capts. Abraham L. Fonda, of Claverack Robt. Elting, "
;
as nearly as can be ascertained, as follows, viz.
Four companies (and parts of other companies) of the 128th Regiment New York Volunteers, under Col. David
S. Cowles, of
Hudson,
three
years' term of service.
Three companies* (and part of another) of the 91st
Jr.,
of Clermont; Israel Holmes, of the southern part of

;
Regiment New York Volunteers,
three yeajs' service,
Henry Van Vleck, of Kinderhook and Wm. N. Bentley. The artillery was posted on Stalen Island. A battalion under command of Col. John Van Dulfson
the county
;
commanded by
151>th
Col.
Jacob Van Zandt.

large portion of a fifth) of the
Four companies (and a

Regiment New York
L. Molincux,
Volunteei's, under Col.
Edward
was
also in
Its
service at Brooklyn, for the defense of
New
three years' service.
York.
term of service was four months, and the com-
One company
Col.
of the 14th
New York
this
Volunteers, under
mand
included
among
its
companies
;
tho.se
of Capts. Coon-
rod J. WilLsey, of Copakc
John Martin, of Claverack;

Cooper, of the south-
James McQuade. A large number of men from

in
county also entered

UlJd,
Joseph Lord, of Canaan

ern part of the county.
and
and served
companies of the 4 Uh, 48th,
and luUtli
Regiments of
the
volunteers, under
1st,
New York
Volunteer Infantry, as well as of

1
company of one hundred and twenty

of Capt. William
2d, 5th, Gth, 7th, and
2th Regiments of Cavalry,

States.
command
Jordan, marched from their

in
and
in the regular
army and navy of the United

State regiments,
rendezvous at Miller's tavern, above Kinderhook,

de.stified for
For the names of those who entered the service from

this
1814,
Pialtsburgh, but had proceeded only a small
county
in
New York
in
we
refer
the
part of the distance
when news of
reader to the
the battle reached them,
list
printed at the end of this volume, cojjied

the adjutant-general's oflice at Albany,
and rendered their further advance unnecessary. Another company, under Capt. Henry P. .Mesick, First Lieut. Christopher
from the
rolls
and
verified, corrected,
and added
to,
in
accordance with
W.
Miller,
and Second Lieut. Ralph Tanner, marched
such information (deemed reliable) as we have been able to

obtain from veterans of the war and from other sources.
for the .same destination,
where they arrived two days
;ifter
the battle had been fought.
In the naval battle fought

!
on Like Chuniplain by Commodore McDonougli,

!?peneer, a
Wm.
of
is n.it
inlcn.k-.l
t..
A.
tinnc.l
was
otC..luiMl.i:i
rix-iM'MiiC
native of Columbia county, and
.ion
Judge
thai tlifv
IV1.T1.'

There were probably few from
their country in the
this
NEW YORK.
to face
145
county who served
and the men stood ready had notôme

ground.
rebel
Gen. Stuart.
But the time
navy during the war, but among these
for the hills
of Gettysburg to become historic
few was Lieut. J. Van Xess Philip, of Claverack, of whose

honorable career we elsewhere give a brief sketch.
On
learning of the position of affairs there, the
general
abandoned
Potomac.
his
raid in
that
direction
and
Below we give condensed

regiments, the
historical narratives of the four
retired across the
128th. 91st, 159th, and 14th, which con-
tained companies from Columbia county.
THE 128th REGIJIEXT NEW YORK V0LDNTEER3.

This regiment was raised in the counties of Columbia
The regiment left Gettysburg on the 14th of October, and, after a detention of two days at Hanover, caused by the breaking of a bridge, arrived at Baltimore on the 17th,
and re-occupied their old ground at Here they remained, perfecting their
notable incident, until Nov. 5,
to
Camp
drill,
Millington.
but without
and Dutchess during the months of July and August, 1862.
Four of
its
companies (A, E, G, and

sis (B, C,
K) were
contributed
when orders were received embark on the transport " Arago," to form a part of
by Columbia, and
D, F, H, and I) by Dutchess.
General Banks' famous expedition to

the destination was at that time
officers
New
Orleans, though
to regimental
The terra for which its men enlisted was three years. The first movement in Columbia towards the formation
of a company
for this
unknown
or men.
regiment was the issuance of a
call,
The ship
Chesapeake.
did not
sail
until
the 9th, when, at seven
dated Hudson, July 23, signed by

ville
Edward
Gifford, Granfor volun-
o'clock A.M., she left her anchorage
P.
Haws, and John V. Whitbeck, asking
and steamed down the The day was rough and uncomfortable, but,
teers.
company (afterwards designated
as
of the
as the evening
came
on, the
wind
lulled
and the surface of

placid
128th) was completed within a few days, and the three

other companies from the county were rapidly
filled.
the bay was as smooth as that of their
own
Hudson.
On
Saturday, Aug. 30, national and regimental colors

to the
were presented
regiment at
Camp
Kelly,* in the pres-
eastward the land could be dimly seen, but to the south and west there was only one wide stretch of flashing water, while from above the stars twinkled and the
Away
to the
ence of about four thousand spectators and amid great enthusiasm.
One
of the speeches
"
made on that
occasion was
moonlight glittered on barrel and bayonet, and sparkled on the foam that bubbled in the wake of the ship. All were
in
by the author of the
Field-Book of the Revolution,"

said, " Soldiers,
good
spirits, for
Benson
sistera,
J. Lossing,
who
Mothers,
the belief was general that their desti-
wives,
nation was the harbor of Charleston.
and sweethearts have
laid these objects of their af-
the regiment, in a letter written

said,
A young home from the
officer
of
transport,
fection
upon the
country.
altar
of their country as tokens of patriot-
" I believe we are going to Charleston.
If I
am
to
ism
in their
name
I present
you with the banner of our

is
lose
my
life
during the war,
would prefer
to die fighting
common
This banner
the insignia of the Re-
within sight of the~battered walls of old Sumter."
public, the
symbol of our nationality.

it
Take
it
bear
it
They
and
arrived at Fortress
proudly; defend
field,
gallantly;
wave
it
triumphantly over
it
10th, and on the 12th the "

lay off
Monroe on the morning of the Arago" steamed up the Roads

historic
and
fortress,
and town, and bring

it
back unsullied,
Newport News, near the wrecks of the

and " Cumberland."
with the glad tidings that
represents a redeemed, purified,

is,
frigates " Congress''
On
the 30th the
and strengthened
nation,
whose every imago of God
by
the law of the land, entitled to the inalienable right of

liberty,
life,
regiment encamped near the ruins of the Virginian village of Hampton, but on the 2d of December they were ordered
to
and the pursuit of happiness."
strike
tents
and re-embark on the " Arago."
Their
On
the 4th of September the
men were mustered
into
surgeon, Dr. D. P.
Van
Vleck, died on
board the ship
the service of the United States, and on the following day

the regiment, one thousand strong, under
Nov. 21, and during their tedious stay

and
able
afloat,
there, both on land
command
of Col.
they experienced
sickness.
much hardship and
a consider-
David
S. Cowles,
embarked
at
Hudson on board
the steamer
amount of
" Oregon' for
New
York, whence they proceeded south by
In the afternoon of the 4th of December the " Ara-'o"
railway, arrived at Baltimore at five P..M. on the Cth, and
and other was
vessels of the expedition set sail

it
from Hampton
bivouacked on Stewart's
hill,
where, on the 8th, they re-
Roads, and
tion
was now
definitely
known
that their destina-
ceived their arms, ammunition, and shelter-tents, and after-
New
Orleans, and that they were to form a part
wards marched
to their
camping-ground
at
Camp
Millington.
of the army of General Banks.
On
the 10th of October the alarming intelligence was
During the nine days which they

deaths occurred;
pa.ssed at sea, several
received that the cavalry general Stuart had invaded
Mary-
land and was pressing northward with a force estimated at

three thousand
N. Sterling,
among them being that of Lieut. Francis of Co. D, who died Dec. 6, and on the follow-
men.
orders to prepare to
rations, and, on
Upon this the regiment received move immediately with two days'
ing day was buried beneath the waters.
The
cember.
transport arrived at Ship Island on the 13th of De-
the 13th, at six a..m., they, as part of an
Here they met the steamer
"
Northern
Li^'lit,"
expedition composed of several regiments of Gen. Wool's
having on board the 159th
New York
Regiment, of which
it
command,
left
Baltimore by the Northern Central railroad,

to
a part was from Columbia county, and

better than
tions
it
may
be imafinod
and proceeded by way of Hanover

they arrived at nine
P..M.
Gettysburg, where
can be told with what cheers and demonstra-
There, upon a report that the
of delight the two

"
commands
greeted each other.
enemy were advancing,
their first line of battle
was formed.
The
Arago" soon resumed her voyage, entered the Southwest Pass on the morning of the 14th, and in the afternoon
of the same day reached Quarantine Station, where the
The fair-grounJa
it
Hudson.
19
NEW
YORK.
146

was detained.
vessel
On
the 16th the regiment was disin
take possession of some of the outer works, from which the
embarked, and
r|uartered
a vacant storehouse, where
they remained until the 5th of January, 1863, at which

time they embarked on the steamer " Laurel Hill," and
enemy withdrew Port Hudson

Rouge, on the
to their principal defenses.

is
about twenty-five miles above Baton

side of the
cast
Mississippi,
upon
com-
were transported
field
to
Camp
Chalmettc, upon the old battle-
manding
point,
around which
the river bends,
forming
of
New
Orleans, and about three miles below the city.
almost a right angle.

rally great,
The
the
strength of the position, natuall
The
stay here was most disagreeable.
The weather was

so soft that
it
had been increased by

until
the devices of mili-
cold and rainy, and the
ground became
waa
this
tary
.science,
it
enemy,
with
apparent
reason,
barciv possible to
move from one
tent to another.
At
accounted
their
Gibraltar.
The
forces
defending the
dismal place Lieut. Augustus U. Bradbury, of Hudson,

contracted the disease which
his
life.
fortifications
were under Maj.-Gen. Franklin Gardner, who

to that
one month later terminated

here, on
had been assigned

ber.
command on
the 2Tth of
Decem-
His
last
camp duty he performed

''
the
night of January 28, as officer of the guard, and on the
The
plans of the
commanding
general having been per-
evening of February 25 he died.

Col. Cowles, " a very high opinion
entertained," wrote
fected, on the
27th of
May
fire
the troops
moved forward
to a
of Lieut. Bradbury as
general assault.
in the
The
of the artillery was opened early
a perfectly reliable soldier under whatever circumstances."
morning, and continued unabated during the day.

Weitzel, attacked
the left," said Gen.
"
At
his funeral the Rev.
William
S.
Leavitt said, "
He
At
ten A.M. the infantry, under Gen.
whom we
sees
have come to bury has finished his warfare,
the right of the enemy's works.
On
prematurely, according to
human judgment.
But God
Banks,
in his official report, " the infantry
did not
come up
not with our eyes, and judges by higher and wiser
until later in the
day
but at two o'clock an assault was

left
rules than we.
...
It is
but a few months since we .saw
opened on the works on the centre and

divisions under Maj.-Gen.
centre by the
him going
with
its
forth with a thousand more,

fire,
fresh, earnest, full
Augur and
Brig.-Gen.
Sher-
of patriotic
while our wiiole city thronged about them

farewells.
in
man.
troops
tears
it
and
We
looked forward to the
enemy was driven into his works, and our moved up to the fortifications, holding the opposite
Tiie
time
to
and
was ever
our thoughts, and present always
sides of the parapet with the
enemy."
a part of Sherman's divi-
our hopes
when
returning again to
we should welcome him and them, the warm hearts and smiles of home,
re-estab-
The 128th New York formed

sion,
which attacked the
rebel
left centre,
and through
all
amid the rejoicings of victory and the blessings of

lished order
'
that lurid day Port
and peace.
last
was done by
this
Hudson saw no command.

of
better fighting than
At
ho comes, aw.iited long,
A
shire,
storming column, composed
the
Columbia and
Not to home welcomes long aotj loutl Not to the voice of mirth and song,
Pnle-foaturcU, cold, beneath a shroud.'"
Dutchess Regiment, the Cth Michigan, 15th
New Hampfire
and 26th Connecticut, moved
into the infernal
with the steadiness of veterans, and carried a portion of

the works by the bayonet
;
On
mained
the 3d of
February the
regiment removed from

Parapet, where they
re-
but afterwards, by overwhelming

fire,
Chalmette, a ftw miles, to

at
Camp
odds and exposure to a flank

retire to
they were compelled to

line still
guard and
drill
duty until the 18th of April,
a belt of woods;
though their skirmish
when the men were embarked on the steamers " Empire Parish" and "J. M. Brown," and proceeded across Lake
Pontchartrain on an expedition to Fort Pike and Gainesville
;
held
its
position close under the fortifications.
The
to the
record of the day was that of repulse and disaster
Union
in
forces,
and of irreparable
loss to
the 128th
from which service they returned
to
22d, having captured one steamboat and a

other rebel property.
in
camp on the large amount of

achievement
general orders
Regiment
the death of their brave and beloved colonel, the fight, and at the head of his com-
who
fell
early in
For
this,
their
first
mand.
When
within a few rods of a gateway which formed
the southwest, they were
commended
in
the entrance to the work, two balls struck him, one pas.sing
by Brig.-Gen. T.
W. Sherman, under whose immediate
through his body from breast
to back,
and the other enter-
command
the expedition had moved.
ing his groin and passing downward, giving the
On
der
the 12th of
May
another expedition
was formed,
all
appearance of a bayonet-thrust.*
one, and
wound the The wound was a mortal

His
last
and the 128th, with the bth Michigan Volunteers,
unto
he died
in
less
I
than
an hour.
words
"
command
of Col.
Clark, of the
latter,
proceeded
were, " Tell
my mother
died with
my
face to the
enemy.
Pontochoula, from which the enemy retired, and the place

w.is
His remains were brought home and interred with imposing

solemnity on Monday, June
tege was
15. 1863.
occupied by our
men
until
the 19th,
when they
re-
The
fire
funeral cor-
turned to
Camp
Parapet.
composed of delegations from the Masonic order

different adjoining towns,
stall'
The
siege of Port
Hudson, which
w.is
one of the lead-
of eleven
Col.
the
department.
ing objects of the Banks expedition, had
now commenced,
Wright and
of the 21st Regiment, members of

etc.
and on the 20th of
May
the brigade of which the 128th
the bar, Claverack cadets,

delivered by
I.
An
appropriate eulogy was
was a
part,
under command of Brig.-Gen. Neal Dow, emto join the
H. Reynolds, Esq., and a funeral discourse
barked on transports
on the 22d
at
main army.
They landed
by Rev.
plot of
-
W.
S. Leavitt.
The
place of interment was the
Springfield Landing, about five miles below
ground just previously appropriated by the common
Port Hudson, whence, on the same day, they marched ten

miles inland to the rear of the fortifications, and on the
following day
this
moved forward, and were among
the
first
to
'* American Conflict, '* as in sonic other accounts of engagement, it was erroneously stated that C'ul. t'uwics died from a buyoncl wound.
In Greeley's

council for the burial of those
vice of their country.
NEW YORK.
147
who should fall in the serThe memory of this gallant and
the
regiment were transferred to the Corps d'Afriquo

;
Capt. C. E. Bostwick, as major

lieutenant-colonel; Lieut.
Capt. George Parker, as

J. Palen, as major; Lieut.
1st-
patriotic officer will ever be clierished by the people of Co-
Rufus
lumbia county.
T. E. Merritt, as captain.
is
On
;
the
of January the
field-
A
it
singular circumstance connected with his death
the
officers
of the 128th were James Smith, colonel;
James
P.
fact that on the very
day when the
a.ssault
it
was made, while
Foster, lieutenant-colonel
Francis S. Keese, major.
was impossible that any news of was started

in
could have arrived,

great excite-
a report
Hudson (producing
1865, when the
The regiment remained at Baton Rouge until March 23, Red River campaign opened, and it joined
Gen.
ment)
to
the effect that the regiment had participated in a
the advance of Banks' Array Corps at Alexandria.
terrible battle,
and that Col. Cowles bad
fallen.
Grover's Division, to which the 128th was attached, remained

here while the rest of the
On
gaged
the day preceding the engagement, Gapt. (afterwards
army proceeded
to
Shroveport
re-
Maj.) Edward Gifford, while in

in
command
in
of a party en-
and fought the
battles of Pleasant Hill
and Mansfield,
burning some buildings

lines,
the immediate vicinity

re-
joining the main army at Grand Ecore,

April this place
On
the 20th of
fell
of the hostile
was captured by the enemy, and
was evacuated and the army
back
mained a prisoner
in
Port Hudson for thirty-nine days, but

In
lines,
towards Alexandria,
The
battle of
Cane River was fought

itself
succeeded in escaping on the night of the 4th of July.

crossing a creek while attempting to regain the
on the 23d, and the 128th distinguished
by making
Union
a decisive charge at a critical stage of the engagement,
he was carried by the current out into the Mississippi,
routing the enemy and capturing one

Col.
officer
and thirty men.
where
for four hours
he battled with the swift waters and
James Smith
led the
regiment in this charge, and was

skill
barely escaped with
life,
although an expert swimmer.

to
He
his
complimented by Gens, Birge and Grover on the

bravery displayed by officers and men.
killed
and
was rescued by some Indiana troops, and returned
The
losses
were one
comrades, but the privations he had undergone, and the
and eleven wounded.

Columbia.
During
their stay at Alexan-
almost superhuman efforts put forth to regain his liberty,
dria the regiment received a

ladies of
new
color, presented
this. Col.
by the
said,
proved too
much
for his constitution,
and although he
in
re-
In announcing
Smith
a
ceived the tendcrest care and attention

officers
from his brother
" It
is
with feelings of pride and gratification
that the
and /riends, he steadily sunk, and died

military honors.
assault
New
colonel
commanding announces
officially that
new
color
Orleans on the 8th of August.

to
His remains were brought
has been received, intended as a
gift
from the ladies of
Hudson and buried with

After the unsuccessful
fell
Columbia county.
the whole
fallen
Many, whose
loss
we mourn, have
fall
of
May 27
under, the old colors.
How many may

tell,"
while
brigade
still
back under cover of some heavy timber, but
serving under the
new no one can
in
range of the hostile batteries, the I28th being then
Alexandria was evacuated

the advance.
May
11, Grover's Division in
under command of Major Keese.
Here they remained
till
On
the 16th and 17th the battle of Mansura
June
14,
when another advance was attempted

result.
at the left,
Plains was fought, and on the

Mississippi river.
22d the army reached the
with similar regiment Was
In this engagement the loss of the

less
On
the 27th three brigades, including the
much
than on the previous occasion.
128th, returned to the Atchafalaya river to guard against

a flank
Among
the
wounded were Capt. George W. Van Slyck
movement of the enemy, and
after several days'
and Adj. J. P. Wilkinson,
skirmishing proceeded to Morganza, where they remained
The Union forces now held their positions before Port Hudson until July 7, at which time Gen. Gardner sent a communication to Gen. Banks .asking if the report of the
surrender of Vieksburg was true, and
cessation of
hostilities.
regiment embarked on board the till July 3, when the steamer " City of Memphis" and proceeded to Algiers,
opposite
that day
New
it
if so, re(|uesting
Orleans, where it encamped till tiie 20th. On re-embarked on the " Daniel Webster, sailing
'
Gen. Banks replied that Vieks-
under sealed orders, and arrived
at
Washington July 29,
burg had surrendered
to
Grant on the 4th, and that under

not grant the cessation.
The day
following
it
proceeded
to
Jlonocacy Junction, where
the circumstances he could
To
the different regiments composing the 19th Corps were re-
which
Gen.
Gardner responded
proposing
capitulation,
united and moved immediately to Halltown, near Harper's
which was soon agreed on, and on the morning of the 0th
the rebel forces, consisting of about five thousand men,
were surrendered, and the fortifications occupied by a small
Here Gen, Sheridan assumed command of the Ferry. army of the Middle Military Division, to which the 19th Corps w;is now attached.
Union detachment
selected for their bravery
and
discipline.
On
of
the 10th of August, Sheridan advanced against Early,
One of the regiments so selected was the 12Sih New York. They had remained inside the works but two da vs. when
they received orders to proceed to Baton
then encamped at Winchester.
Then
followed the battles

Fisher's
Hill,
Halltown,
Berry viile, Winchester,

in
all
and
Rouge,
at
which
Cedar Creek,
engaged.
which the 128th was conspicuously
place they arrived, after a most fatiguing march, on the 12tli
of
July.
On
the
15th they proceeded by transports to
Donaldsonville, where the

great force.
enemy was
reported
to
be in
On
the 14tli of August they occupied the
At the three engagements of Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, between the 19th of September and 19th of Auirust, the regiment lost lico hiiiidieil in killed, wounded,
and prisoners.
village of Plac[uemine,
and were there
as.signed
to
the 2d
Brigade, 1st Division, under Gen. Weit/.el.
On
the 29th
At
Keese.
the battle of Winchester five officers and sixty
men
S.
they were ordered to return to Baton Rouire.
were killed and wounded, among

officers
whom
was Maj. F.
During the autumn of ISGo the following
of
who was
severely wounded.
148

the battle of Cedar Cieek, where Sheridan
NEW
YORK.
names
At
won such
The
tattered battle-flag of the regiment bears the

fields
roNToriiori..v,
rOriT HIDSO.N,
imperishable renown, Maj.
Wilkinson, then
staff,
captain and
of the following
judge-advocate on Gen. Emory's
was wounded by a
shot through the lunire while attempting to save the guns of

a battery from capture.
MAY
27 A.VD JINF. 14, 1S63,
CA.NE UlVEll, ALE.XA.VnuiA,
At
Fisher's Hill, the regiment, being deployed as skir-
MANSUnA,
ATCHAFAI.AVA,
nAI.I.TOttN',
BKRUVVILLK,
mishers, drove the
enemy from
a hill in front of the position

to
WI.NXHKSTKR, FISHER's HILL,

CEOAIl CREEK.
with such impetuous gallantry as

all
win the applause of

elicit
their comrades
who
witnessed
it,
and
compliments
from Gens. Siieridan, Emory, and Grover. In the month of August, Sheridan requested
91ST REGI.MENT
Gen.
NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS.

S.
Soon
after the
war commenced, the Hon. David

the
Cowles
to
Emory
guard.
to detail
one of his best regiments for headquarter
(afterwards colonel of
128th Regiment) resolved
The
latter directed to
Gen. Grover, commanding the
give up for his country his lucrative practice at the bar and
2d Division,
the
comply with the order, and he designated
go to the
front, and, after consultation
with hia friends, de-
128th by ntimt from the twenty-two regiments of liis It was kept on this duty until division for tliat purpose.
cided, if possible, to raise a regiment from

to
Columbia county,
;
be known as the Columbia County Regiment

of July, 1861, with his friend,
and
in
the
be-
the
army
retired to Harper's Ferry.
month
Winchester,
James Mulford,
At
where
the close of Sheridan's valley campaign, the 128th

to garrison
gan the work.
He commenced
;
recruiting in various parts

:
was one of the regiments chosen

it
of the county under the following captains

Burt, at Kinderhook
I.
Charles A.
;
remained until the 6th of January, 1865, when the whole division wa.s ordered to Baltimore, and thence to
John B.
Collins, at Hillsdale
Langdon,
at
Copake; and William H. Atwood,

the breasts of those
at
John Hud-
Savannah by
traii.sports.
son.
As
at this time the first burst of patriotism

in
was dying
On
left
March two brigades, including the 128th, Savannah for Newbern, N. C, to assist in opening a
the 5th of
out except
who were
too old to be
accepted, or were unable to go to war for other causes, and
base of supplies for Sherman's army.
Immediately on
ar-
bounties had not been offered, recruiting was very slow, and
it
riving there the 128th was detailed by Gen. Schofield, com-
was not
until
September that any of the companies were

to be
manding the department of North Carolina, to repair the This labor occuroad connecting Newbern with Kinston. pied about three weeks, during which the men became
familiar with the use of the axe
filled to
the
number of men required
mustered in as
re((uired.
men being the 27th day of September, Capt. Atwood

a company, thirty-two enlisted
On
took his com-
and spade as well
as the
pany
to
Albany, and they were mustered into service at the
musket.
barracks.
On
in
;
the uext day Capt. Collins'
company was
The regiment
and soon
in
returned to Savannah on the 4th of May,

to
mustered
this
and Sept. 30, Capt. Langdon's company.

it
On
after
marched
Augusta, where
it
was engaged
day (30th), Col. Cowles, finding
impossible to raise
garrison and provost duty,

it
when
the order
came
to re-
a full regiment in
Columbia county, arranged with Capt.
turn to Savannah, and there
was formally mustered out

" Charles
Allan H. Jackson, of Schenectady,
who was having
his
of service, dating from the Vlth of July.
company mustered
Albany and
in,
to join
his regiment, and also ar-
On
tiie
6th
it
embarked on board the steamer
ranged with Capt. Aaron J. Oliver to recruit a company in

vicinity.
in,
Thomas'
for
New
York, reaching there on the morning
October 15, Capt. Burt's company

after Capts. Oliver
In the afternoon of the same day the men were transferred to the steamer " Commodore" without They reached Albany early on the folleaving the pier.
of the 20th.
was mustered
S.
and soon
and Henry
Hulbert with their companies went into barracks.
Only
.seven
companies out of ten were obtained, and none of them
lowing morning, and went into barracks on the Troy road, whence, after receiving pay for their weary service, they
dispersed
peaceful
to
were fulh
At
this
time there was a part of a regiment in
the same barracks, called the Albany County Regiment, being

raised by Col. Fredendall, of Albany,
efforts
their
homes, and resumed the vocations of

/oki- hinijred of the nine hun-
and the most
streiiuou.s
life.
were put forth by the

to
fill
officers
of each of these regi-
The 12Sth returned mtU

added by
follows
recruits.
ments
up the companies and regiments, that they

and
field-officers,
dred and tixty men, and one hundred and seventy-three
might keep
their distinctive organizations

to
The
officers
at
mustering out were as
but they were unable so
do; and
;in
order coming from
Washington
to consolidate parts of regiments
and send them
Field
Surg.,
and Staff. J. M. Crawe;

;
Capt.
Thomas N. Davis
Surg.,
in
command.
forward as soon as possible, these two were consolidated and

given their number as the 91st Regiment
unteers.
A.-sist.
W. H.
B. Post; Adj.,
New York
Volas
A. B. Hart
Line
Q.-M., S. H. Mase.
On
the consolidation a great strife
commenced
OJicers.Co. A, Lieut. T.
W.
;
;
Krafft
Co.
B,
to the
colonelcy between Jacob
Van
Zandt, then nominal
Capt. J. S. Pierce, Lieut. R. A. White

J. II. Ilager,
Co. C, 1st Lieut. Co. D, Lieut. J.

Co. F, Capt. C.
lieutenant-colonel of the .VIbany Regiment, and Col. Cowles,
2d Lieut.
Co.
J.
11.
Asher
of the Columbia County Regiment, which resulted in the
Armstrong;
E, Capt. G. T. White;
;
appointment of the former.

of the
nies E,
In the consolidation the most

placed
to
in CompaCompany K.
R. Anderson, Lieut. C. Van Tine

Mitchell, Lieut. G. Murell
;
Co. G,
Capt.
H. E.
men from Columbia county were

H, and
I,
Co. H, Capt. H. H. Sincerbox,
and some were assigned
Lieut. C. S. Keyes, Lieut. B. T.
Benson
Co.
I,
Lieut. J.
The
the
consolidation was effected about Dec. 16,

field-officers placed in
1861, and
Scliuutcn
Co.
K, Lieut. B. Speed.
command were
Col.,
Jacob Van

Zandt; Licut.-Col., Jonathan Tarbell
Clark.
;
NEW YORK.
They remained on
garrison duty in
U9
Bal-
Maj., Charles G.
Aug. 25, 1864.
timore for about one month, and were then relieved and
nine hundred strong, having received
The regiment, about
ordered to join the 2d (Ironsides) Brigade, 3d Division, of

the 5th Corps,
a beautiful regimental color, the gift of Mrs. Harcourt, a

patriotic lady of Albany, left
camp
at that city
Dec. 20,
har-
duty in front of Petersburg.
1861, and proceeded to Governor's island,

bor,
New York
commanded by Gen. Warren, and then on They went through all the remainder of that bloody campaign down to Five Forks
in
where
it
was mustered into the United States service
and Appomattox, and remained on duty
that neighbor-
by Capt. Updegraff, U. S. A., Dec. 30. On Jan. 9, 1862, it embarked on the steamer " Ericsson," which set sail the
following day for
hood, after the surrender of the rebel army, for about three
weeks, at the end of which time they marched across the
Key West,
in drill
Fla.,
and arrived there ten
country (a march of nine days)
to
Arlington
Heights,
days
rifles,
later.
Here the regiment was armed with Enfield

and routine duty
until
opposite Washington, where they were disarmed, and were
and remained
it
May
at
20,
then transported by
"
rail
to
New
York, thence by steamer
when
24th.
zales'
embarked
Its first
for Pensacola,
and reached there on the
John Brooks"
;
to
Albany, and there mustered out of the

in
engagement with the enemy was

Fla., Oct. 27, officers
Gon-
service
field
a large
number of the men having been

its close.
the
first
Plantation,
1862, on which occasion
(excepting their thirty days' furlough) from the
the conduct of
men and
was excellent.
On
the 27th
year of the war until
of December the regiment
left
Pensacola by steamer, and
on Jan.
1,
1863, arrived at Baton Rouge, La.
159th regiment new york volu.nteers.

This regiment was composed of men from Columbia and
At
enemy
teries
I
the opening of the campaign against Port Hudson,
the 91st was assigned to a post of danger in engaging the

to
Kings
counties,
and was formed by the consolidation of the

159tli.
draw
his attention while the fleet passed the bat-
167th with the skeleton organization of the
The
and this service was well and bravely performed.

the
Then
it
command
companies were recruited during the months of August,

September, and October, 1862, and on the 1st of November in that year the regiment was mustered into the United
States service,* at the Park barracks.
returned to Baton Rouge, remaining
there from the 19th to the 27th of March, at which time
embarked on steamer, and on the 28th arrived

and thence took up
;
at
Don-
New York
Nelson,"
city,
by
aldsonvillc,
its line
of march for Thibore-
deaux, arriving April 2
left
maining there several days.

Irish
Bayou Boeuf, On the 12th it embarked

by
rail
Lieut. R. B. Smith, of the 1 1th Regular Infantry.
It
was
for
then ordered under canvas at "
Camp
New
Dorp,
it
for
Bend (near Franklin), and was

field
Staten Island, whence, on the 28th of the same month,
hotly engaged on that
bloody
in the battle of April 14.
On
the next day
moved
to
New
York, where
it
was embarked on the United
it
States transport " Northern Light," which, on the 4th of
was again engaged with the

dust,
fatigue,
foe at Vermilion
Bayou,
after
December, proceeded
thirst.
to sea
under sealed orders.

island, in
Her
des-
having made a weary march of thirty-six miles through
and almost intolenible
The enemy
tination proved to be
Ship
the
Gulf of Mexico,
retreated,
and the 91st, with other troops, pursued.

arrived at Opelousas.
a
On
and the regiment found
itself
assigned to duty with the
Louisiana expedition under Gen. Banks.
the 21st
it
Without disembarking
at
Ship island the command proriver, arrived at
For about
on the move
month the regiment was almost constantly

marchings, skirmishings, and expeditions
it
ceeded up the Mississippi
New
Orleans
in
for the seizure of cotton, until, on the 24th of May,

its
took
on the 15th of December, and was at once attached to the expedition about to move against Baton Rouge, under Gen.
Cuvier Grovcr.
It
position
it
before
the enemy's works at Port
Hud.soii,
arrived at
its
"destination on
the
17th,
w here
participated in the attacks

also in the furious
this
made on
the 25th and
and disembarked under the

as.sault
fire
of the Union gunboats, but
27th of May, as
of Juno 14.
and disastrous
the
From
enemy had already evacuated the town.

the 1st of January, 1863,
it
time the rLgimont was on constant
duty July
in
the trenches until the capitulation of the enemy,
On
was assigned
to
the
3d
8,
1863, and on the day following marched into the

It sailed
Brigade of Grover's Division, commanded by Col. H. E. Payne (afterwards by Col. H. W. Birge), and saw active
service immediately, being placed
oji
captured town.
on the 11th
in force
for Donaldsonville,
duty at the United
and there engaged the enemy

29th of July the 91st
left
on the 12th.
On
the States arsenal.
Donaldsonville Fur
New
On
the
it
first
demonstration against Port

a
Orleans,
Hudson,
.Alarch 14,
was
sent, with
detachment of the
" to open, keep
where
it
it
was paid
ofl',
.îx
month.s' arrearage, and laid in
comparative
([uiet for
nearly a
month
26th Maine and two pieces of

Port
artillery,
then, on Aii;;ust 29,

2.
open, and hold the Clinton road, leading from Baton

past the rear of
Rouge
rebel
sailed for Bra>hear Citv,
which point was reached Sept.
Hudson, Clinton, and

force
the
At Brashoar most of
artillery,
the regiment re-enlisted as heavy

'
and
it
was recruited
to Fort
to
fill
the ranks.
In January,
Camp
Moore.'
'
The whole
l.")Otli.
was under command of
1864,
river,
it
was removed
Jackson, on the Missi.^sippi

garri.son -duty
till
Oil. Molineaux, of the
and there remained on
July 21,
'
The
fiflJ-ciBiccrs
ul'
ihc rcjinitnt wore Col. K. L. Moliricux. Lt.-
1864, when the portion who had re-enlisted received leave

to return
C.il. eiilbc.t
A. Drapur, .M:y. CUiilcs A. Unit.

tlicir
Tho
:
Culuml.iii euuiily
home on
river to Cairo,
They returned by way of the At the thence by railroad to Albany, N. Y.

furlough.
ci>ui|.uniLS
and
capcains hltc i3 1'uI1uw3

lo
Co. A, Ca|,t. E. L.
expiration of thirty days these
men
re-assumbled at Albany.
major: Co. C, Capt. A. W. IJamwell (allonvards dipt. Cliark- Lewis): Co. V., Capt. Win. E. WallLTiiiirc Tlio .<liiylcr. Co. I was paitly tVoin this c-mrily. Co. t;, Capt.
Caul, .iflcrwiirJs
pr.. moled
:
and proceeded
as.-îuned to
in
in
a body to the
8tli
Baltimore, where they were

Curjis.
tii_-t
a.ljutaiit
of the le-imciit
ivas
Lieut.
Kobcrt D. Lallirop, of
duly
Ainiy
This was about
il.jckport.
150

to
NEW
YORK.
Cit)- Point,
The duty was performed

manding
embarked on the transport
remainder of
Indian Bend.
ing,
the satisfaction of the com-
returned
in a
few days to
and there re-shipped
general, and, on the 2Sth of March, the regiment

'
for Wa.shington.
From
that city they proceeded to Tenally-
Laurel Hill," and with the

to
town, Md., and there remained about a week, when, upon

orders tojoin Sheridan's array in the valley of Virginia, they
the division
It w;\s the
proceeded up Grand lake
second regiment
fire
to effect a land-
marched by way of Rockville, Edwards' Ferry, the Luray

valley,
which
It
it
did under a severe
of canister and musto
and Snicker's Gap
being a part of General Emory's
ketry.
was pushed across the Teche
Irish
Bend,
Corps), and after a weary march reached the main army.
posted on a picket line almost within speaking distance of

the enemy, and participated in the following day.
tiie
They
participated in the affair at Halltown, the

(in
b;ittle
of
general engagement of
Winchester
which they
lost
very heavily), Fisher's Hill,
In this battle (Irish Bend) the colonel

liie
and Cedar Creek (Oct. 19, ISGl).

valley
At
the close of the
was severely wounded, two lieutenants

killed,
lieutenant-colonel, adjutant,
and
campaign
they marched to
Baltimore, and there
and two other lieutenants mortjlly

lost
shipped for Savannah, Ga., but at the end of about one
wounded.
The regiment
one hundred and ten
killed,
month were
assist in the
transported by sea to
Morohcad
City, N.
C,
to
wounded, and missing.
forwarding of supplies to the army of General After the surrender of the rebel army under
or-
On
the
the 15th of April the regiment took
its
march up
Sherman.
Teche, reaching Vermilion Bayou on the 17th.

it
On
Johnston, the 159th returned to Savannah, and were
the 19th
waa detailed
to
gather
all
stock and negroes on
dered thence to Augusta, Ga., where they remained a few

weeks, and proceeded
point they remained
the prairies and plantations and drive them back to Ber-
by
rail
to
Madison, Ga.
At
this
wick City, and on the way thither
to destroy the
enemy's
it
until
November, 18G5, on provost

In November, 1SG5, they were
works
at
Camp
Bisland and Franklin.
On
On
the 2Uth
ar-
duty, in the performance of which service their operations
rived at Berwick with eight thousand head of cattle, horses,
extended over
five counties.
and mules, and
five
hundred negroes.
the 30th the
ordered to Savannah, and thence to
New
York, and were

service
regiment rejoined the division, and marched, by way of Opelousas and Barre's Landing, to the vicinity of Alexandria,
mustered out
at
Hart's island, having seen active
through nearly half of the rebel confederacy, from the Potonnic river to the borders of Tex;us.
where
it
arrived
May
12, halted two days for rest, and on
the 14th resumed march for Simrasport, arriving
May
17
The
;
principal battle-fields of the
159th were Irish Bend,

Hill,
the marches up to that time amounting to eight hundred

miles.
Port Hudson, Halltown, Va., Fisher's
Winchester,
May
21 the
command
it
passed up the Atchafalaya
and Cedar Creek.
by transport, landing at Bayou Sara, and marching thence

to
Port Hudson, where
arrived
May
25.
On
the 27th
14Tn REGIMENT
This
regiment, which
NEW YORK
VOLUNTEERS.
the 159th, under
command
of Lieut. -Col. Burt, and sup-
contained one company
(K) of
ported by the- 25th Connecticut Infantry, attacked a portion
men from Columbia
county, was mustered into the United
of the enemy's works, which, however, proved far stronger than was anticipated, and too strong for capture.
States service for two years, at Albany,
May
27, 18G1.
ment's
loss
in
this attack
was forty-seven.
The regiThen came

the furious
at
nearly three weeks of severe duty in
the trenches, and on

in
Under command of Col. James Mc(Juade, the 14th left Albany on the 3Uth of that luontli, bound for Washington, where it arrived in due time, and camped at Camp Cameron,
the 14th of
as.sault
June
the regiment participated
near Columbia College.
On
the
2 1st of July
bridge,
it
on the works of the enemy, but retired
night
crossed the
Potomac by the Ai|ueduct

in
encamped
unsuccessful, with a loss of twenty-eight.
on the Virginia side, and remained

159th,
that vicinity, en-
On
the 11th of July, after the surrender, the
gaged
it
in provost
to
and picket duty, until March 10, when

After
five
with other troops, marched through the captured works, pro-
moved
Fairfax Court-Houso.
days' stop
ceeded by transport
to Donald-sonvillc,
and took
jiart in
the
there the 14tli

for
moved
to
Alexandria, and there embarked
engagement of July
13.
In the
official
reports of (joiieral
Fortress Monroe, arriving on the
23d of March, and

to
Cuvier Grover and acting Brigadier-General Birgo, of the
camping beyond Hampton, on the road
Newport News.
2d Brigade,
for
this
regiment received most honorable mention

in the
On
the 4th of April, 18G2, the
good conduct and gallantry
engagement of
Irish
tents and, as a part of the great
men army
of the 14th struck of MoClellan, com-
Bend. April 14, and Port Hudson,

181)3.
May
27 and June 14,

to Tliibo-
menced
with
the
memorable march up the Peninsula towards

in
llie
From
Donald.si>iiville the
it
regiment went
the
it
Richmond, halting
the
rest
front of
ainiy.
Vorktown
(_^n
fur
four weeks
deaux, where
remained
river,
until
inauguration of the
of
it
tlic
cvaruation of that
be
i
movement up Red
dria,
when
proceeded to
New
Or-
stnin^hiild (as
was then supposed
to
by the enemy,
Stii
leans, and, crossing to Algiers, took
stc.iniboat for
(
Alexan-
on the
4tli
of
.NFay,
they entered the works, and on the

i-iver.
At Alexandria
the regiment
then
iji
enminand of
rest
pnicci'ded
deiliilt," to
up
Ymk
nn board
tin;
steamer " C. Van-
Col.
William E. Waltcrmirej remained with the

(
of
tlie
West
Point, Va., where they disembarked, and
briirade
Molineux's), holding the fortifications and L'uanl-
after a few days' stay niarchi.-d
by way of White House

on the 2Gth,
in
to
ing the flank of the operating army.

ten days they lefl for
At
the end of abiait

.<onii'
G. lines'
.^liils,
which they
rcaeli.-d
time to
Morganza, where they remained

at
fuiin a part of the detaclinienl
which marched
in
the early
four weeks in camp, and

for
the end of that time
lefl
by buat
morning of the 27th

were engaged
in
to
Hanover Court-IIousc. where they

enua^'cnient
New
Orleans, at which point they took steamer and proto
the
sharp
known by
to
that
ceeded by -ca
the
James
to
river,
landing
at
City Puint,
name, whii-h was brouulit about as a diversion
favor
from whence ihey marched
(he IVont of
IV'tei-.^buiL:,
but
McDowcil's advanei'
fiiim
tlie
vicinity of Fredoricksbui-g.

After that fight they returned to their camp near Gaines'
Mills,
151
they turned in their arms and accoutrements, and were mustered out of service on
and remained
on
ordirtary
duty until -JuDe 26,
the 25th of
May, 18G3, having
when they
villc,
participated slightly in the battle of Mechanicsfirst
served two days
less
than the term of enlistment.
which was the
of that series of bloody and disas the " Seven Days' Fight.'
astrous engagements
known
fell
On
the morning of the 27th they marched back to camp,
ACTION OP THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS IN THE OF 1861-1865.
WAR
packed knapsacks, and
back on Cold Harbor, where,
During the year 1862
a volunteer bounty was oflFered to
about noon, they were suddenly and heavily attacked, and
encourage enlistments, under which 58,221.24 were paid.
from that time
until dark,
through the seemingly intermina-
At
the annual meeting of 1863, the board offered a bounty
ble hours of that bloody battle of Gaines' Jlills, they sus-
of 300 to volunteers for three years

to the
who were
accredited
tained repeated assaults, and were constantly engaged in
quota of the county, and a loan was effected for the

board
the thickest of the fight.
About midnight they crossed the

at
purpose of paying the same, the resolution providing for

the same being carried unanimously by a
full
;
Chickahominy, and on the following evening were

Station.
Savage
day
Wm.
.super-
From thence they pursued
their line of retreat

last
G. Mandeville, Wright H. Barnes, Peter Jlesick,

visors,
towards Malvern Hill, whore they arrived on the

of June.
and Allen Ro.ssman and Caspar P. Collier being a

for negotiating the
In the fierce battle which was fought on the
committee
bonds of the county and
dis-
following day they were hotly engaged, occupying a position
bursing the bounties.
An
additional bounty of
25 was
on the extreme
left.
About midnight they were ordered

march
to
to
offered subsequently to volunteers for three years.

this resolution
Under
leave the field (which they had supposed to be the field of
245,104 were
offered to
paid.
In Febuary, 1864, the
victory) and pursue their
the river, which they
325 bounty was

Feb.
1,
all
volunteers under the call of
reached, at Harrison's Landing, in the midst of a drenching

rain, at
1864, at a special meeting, and a loan of 250,000

fall
about noon on the 2d of July.
authorized, the last 15,000 to
duo March
1,
1878,
Their stay of about six weeks near Harrison's Landing
the bonds to bear six per cent, interest, and to be sold at

par.
was unmarked by more than the ordinary events of camp

life,
Under
this call
78,712 were expended.
In March
and, at dayliglit on the 15th of August, they marched
the same bounty was continued to volunteers under the call
down
the Peninsula, arriving at Newport
News on
the 19th,
of March 14, 70,426.26 being paid out under the same.

in 1864 and 1865 to pay these last Under the call of July 18, 1864, for 500,000, a bounty of 400 was offered for volunteers for one and Hudson raised two years, and 500 for three years. Under the call of Jan. 1, 1865, 30,000 under this call.
and, embarking on steamer "
ported to
John A. Warner," were transAcquia Creek, whence they marched by way of

Ellis'
75,000 were levied

bounties.
Fredericksburg,
Hill,
Ford, and other points, to Miner's
which they reached on the 3d of September.

the 12th of September they crossed the Potomac,
On
reached Rockville on the 15th, Frederick City, Md., on the

17th, and Booncsborough on the ISth of September.
a special bounty tax was levied of $98,072.62.
Here
During the war the county furnished seventeen hundred and twenty-nine men,
penses.
Tnwi.n lovvna.
they wore detailed to escort prisoners taken at Antietam,
for
which bounties were paid by the
back
to Frederick.
Returning from thence, they reached

21st.
county at large amounting to 367,577.16, including ex-
Sharpsburg on the
On
the 3d of October they were
The towns
\o
-NO. of ol
also paid bounties as follows

nonntioa and Expenses.
lipci-jvert
reviewed by President Lincoln.
On
the 31st of October
Mfn .Hen.
Siibatituti'a
furnisl.e,!.
they recrossed the Potomac into Virginia, and thence they
frum
State.
Ancrnni
Austerlitz
'....
1J5
$70, ll.il. 67
35,57:1.09 65,451.1)1
$1S,SOO
15,1110
"
marched
stop,
to
Warren ton.
to
Hero they made a considerable

Falmouth, from which they prothe
U7
155
18 12
II
and then marched

to
Canaim Chatham
Claveriick
ceeded
Fredericksburg, and there participated in

battle of the
270 256
74 166
92,757.09
80,47.!.I6
25..S9.1.59
tremendous
Clermont
13th of December.
After that
Coiiake
(Jallatin
67,295.22
'
22,500 42,000 40,400 9,600 2I.1U0

11.100
42
;i:i
14
14
II 11
fight they experienced the discomforts of the "
mud march"
all
(krrnantowji
(ihcnt
(ircen|iort
Ilill.<ilale
made by Burnside's army, and

heavy and
incessant
took their share in
the
fatigue duty necessary to place the

to
104 110 20S 117 192

5(11
:l4,7:in.44
49.7.i7.;!li
14.:!00
army again iii a condition The 14th took active

loi-sville.
meet the enemy.

in
lln.l.ôn
S9,467.S7 51,960.81 77,592.S0 19:1. 655. 55

12:1.161.11
5:i,::s2.91
2S,(00 16,200
22..i00 69,:;oO
:U
7
24 55
:yi
2:1
ICin.lerhook
part
the
battle
of
Chancel-
l,ivini;stoii
On
the 0th of
May,
after the
fight
had closed
NfW
Lkliancm
Stuckpurt
in disaster,
they recrossed the Rappahannock, and returned

at
.^tuvvi-sant
407 16S 170 96 162

12:1
J6.70O 21,100
2:1,600
62,210.17
:!4,277.09
IS
12,600
ls,2liO
14
1:1
to their
former camp
Falnumtli, where they
days' stay, and on the 12tli thoy broke
made a few camp and turned
Tai-hkanic
64.207. :J5 41,600.12

$1.:119,519.26 :167,577.10
17,000
5^458,600
19
4(J5
.15^1
Cou[ity
1729
5:!10
their faces northward, as their term of service had almost
expired.
At Acquia creek they took steamer for Washington, and moved thence by railroad to New York, which city they reached on the Ulh of May. At daylight on the
15th they reached Hudson, where they were enthusiaatically received,
hall.
J1,0S7,126.36
to individual subscribers to the first
The towns rcfunJcd

terest on the
bounty fund 81,300; 143,877 have been paid

war bonds of the county up
to
for in1,
March
1878.
and complimented by a dinner at the

House, and camped
rail to
city
The whole amount of war debt

full,
incurred has been paid in
On
the same night they reached Albany, supped at

at the barracks.
exccjit
40,000, which has been extended by new bonds

1,
the Dclavan
On
the
falling
due March
1SS3 and 1884, bearing seven per
20th the regiment went by
Ftiea, where, on the 21st,
cent, interest.
HISTORY OF THE CITY OF HUDSON.

The
city of
is
Hudson, the seat of justice of the county
as
having been purchased from the Indians,

to
in
1G62, by
letters
of Columbia,
situated about
midway between the northern
Jan Frans Van Hoesen, and

14, 1667.
him confirmed by
and southern
limits of the county, on the east banii of the
patent from the English governor, Richard
Nicolls,
May
its
Hudson
site
river,
twenty-eight miles below Albany, and oppo-
It is not probable that in selecting this
domain
to
the village of
Athens, in the county of Greene.
he was moved by any other consideration than that of

agricultural advantages, nor that during
his
all
Here, from an eastward bend of the river, two bays indent

(he Columbia shore, and between the.se bays
principally
lies
the
years of
or
the city, built
occupancy he ever dreamed of future
cities,
com-
along the
top
and sides of
high swell of
merce, or manufactures, or thought of the capabilities of

the great river beyond the floating of the
little
ground which commences at the slope of a loftier elevation more than a mile inland, and extends westwardly to the
river,
sloops that
carried to market the products of his fertile bouwerie

lay farther inland.
which
where
it
ends
in
bold headland that rises from the
water's edge, almost perpendicularly, to a height of sixty feet.
The
old patentee died about the year 1703,

left
and among
The
length of the city

to bay.
is
from river
to hill
its
width
is
the children he
were Jurrien, Jacob Jans, Johannes,

last
from bay
In the eastern part rise the spires of the

its
and Catharine, which

Hardick.*
named was the
wife of Francis
churches, giving relief to what would otherwise be
rather
By
the law of primogeniture, which was then

the landed
to
monotonous outline
and upon the high ground overlooking
in operation, the eldest son, Jurrien, inherited

estate,
Mount Merino, the court-house rears its dome from among the surrounding trees. The city is well and substantially built, and many
of the residences are of great elegance, beautifully
the South bay, and the green slopes of
but he appears
to
have had no inclination
wrong
;
the other heirs, and so an amicable partition was agreed to
and on Jan.
7,
1704, he conveyed by deeds to his brothers
em-
and
sister the lands lying

all
on and near the
river,
which were
those
bowered, and
so located as to give from
their
verandas
locality,
probably regarded by
as being less valuable than
charming
view.s
of the unrivaled scenery of the
lying farther back and nearer to Claverack creek.

Tlie portion conveyed to Catharine and Francis Hardick
is
as well as of the lofty Catskills in the distance.
The Hudson and Chatham

the river, where steamers.
it
railroad passes through the
describedf as " a certain piece of land situate, lying, and
southern and eastern part of the city, and tornii nates at

connects with the
being at Claverack aforesaid, on the east side of Hudson's

River,
New York
and Hudson
now
in
their possession,
Beginning from the river

into the
to the
The Hudson River
railroad, with its steel tracks
side and runs
up E.istwardly
Woods
along the
brightened by the incessant passage of trains, crosses both

the South and the North bay, and passes along the entire
front of the city, which, by this route,
is
north side of the
Waggon-Way
Spruyt of Dicntz
so
bridge at the bounds of said Jurrien
Van Hoesen, and
distant one hun-
along the said bounds Northwest to the bounds of Jacob
dred and
fifteen miles
from
tall
New
York.
The
various manpiles
Jans Van Hoesen, and from thence Westward along
his
ufactories, with their
chimneys and great
of coal
bounds
to the said
River
side, together with the
House and
and
iron, are situated near the railroads

in
and the
river,
too
Barn and Orchard."
much
the foreground to add to the beauty of the city,

reiiiiirenients
The The
brother Jacob Jans also received lands to the northis
hut yot located most advantageously for the

of their business.
ward, but no deed of them
found recorded.
lands conveyed to the brother Johannes lay

oi'
upon
to
In the middle of the river, between Hud.snii and .\then.s,
the river and South bay, and
the north they
came up
an island of alluvial ooze, nearly two miles in length, the .same on which Henry Hudson's little ship ran aground,
is
the road
which formed the south boundary of the
tract
allotted to the Hardicks.
centuries ago.
It
is
covered
in
summer
with what
is
siip-
This road or
to the
'
Waggon- Way
'
led from the interior firms
po.scd to be the wild rice of the northern lakes,
ami
is
sub-
landing, and passed nearly along the line of Ferry
tide,
feet.
merged by the which has
flood,
though uncovered
point a
ri.se
at the ebb of the

fill
and
Partition streets;
and the
tracts
of Johannes
its
Van
of the
at this
and
of about
five
ILjcsen and the Hardicks, lying respectively on
southern
This island, known
as the " middle ground." has, on
and northern
present city.
sides,
comprised a large part of the
site
either side, a sufficient depth of water to float the largest

ves.sels, but it is certainly a blemish in the otiierwise unbroken and beautiful reach of the river.
'
Fr;in,.is Ilur.li.-k ba.l,
when
;l
Imjv.
been ki.lnappo.I (or ruthcr
.as-
si.^tcd to
run away) frutn

lliat
scrv'icc in I.ivorponl liy the ma.stcr of
a ves-
CL.WERACK L.^NDIXH
The
site
IN
17S.i.
sel
traJing lietwccn
tounil
port and
.Mr.
New York; ami having

Van Hoesen, altenvanls
I..
Ijy -soino
of the city was comprehended in the limits of
means
t
employment with
Catharine.
Dee^ls.
luarriuU
his .lan-hter
that aiieiorit grant of land wliieli
we have
before nientiuned
Albany
Uook " D," pp. 2S2
2Sj.
1J2

Francis Hardick died about 1742, devising
his
NEW YORK.
153
luore
fenv, plied by Conrad Flock, to and from Lunenburgh,*

for the
northerly lands to his son Jan, but the residue, running
south to about the line of

his son William,
Fony and
Partition streets, to
desiring to cross.
accommodation of occasional teams and p;issengers If he had only foot passengers, ferryman
in a canoe,
eral sons,
who in turn died about 1760, leaving sevamong whom were Francis (the eldest), Gcrrit, The lands descended by primogeniJacob, and Lendert.
ture to Francis, and at his death, which occurred 5Iay 4,
Flock transported them across

to be ferried, then
but
if
tams were
to
two canoes were fastened side by side

driver, while the animals
carry the
pelled to
wagon and swim astern.
were com-
1783, were inherited by his sons William, Peter, and Daniel

;
water-mill (very poorly supplied with water, but an-
but the portion allotted to the
last
named appears
to
swering in some manner the purpose of grinding grain for

the neighborhood) which stood upon the
little
have
laid outside the present city limits.
stream, in
Some
Hardick
years before the death of Francis Hardick a " store

lot"
the " mill lot," was also owned and operated by Peter Hoge-
and wharf
and a "
mill lot"
had been sold out of the

for the purposes in-
boom,
Jr.
tract to
Jeremiah Hogeboom,
dicated by their names.

tially
included what
is
The " mill lot" adjoined and now called Underbill's pond, in
par-
There were thriving orchards upon the lands along the old country road, and the farms were well tilled, as was
usually the case
tion.
the
among
people of
Dutch
birth or extrac-
northeast part of the city, and the " store and wharf lot"
lay on the river,
Besides bestowing
the
necessary care
upon their
upon the north side of the old country

street),
lands and cattle,

to
some of the inhabitants here found time

during the herring season;
fish, for
road, or
wagon-way (now Ferry
and
on a
map of
the landing-place and vicinity,
is so shown made by Wil-
engage
in fishing, particularly
taking large numbers of these
which they found
liam Ellison in September, 1774,

oflSce
now
to be seen
in
the
ready sale in
New
York.
of the secretary of state at Albany.
In the year
In the preceding brief mention wc have enumerated the

business enterprises of this obscure landing-place, and have
traced the proprietorship of
1783 both those lots were owned and occupied by Peter Hogeboom, Jr., having probably come into his possession by devise or descent from Jeremiah Hogeboom, the purchaser.
It has been mentioned that the lands lying south of the
the adjacent lands
down
to
the closing year of the Revolution.
In the early part of that year (1783) there came

demonstrative Quaker
to this
quiet spot a party of visitors, four in number, sober, un-
old country road, or "

to the
in
Waggon- Way," and extending thence

to the river,
men from
the southeastern part of
South bay and westwardly
were conveyed
New
England.
Their arrival seemed but a commonplace

it
1704 by Jurrien Van Iloescn to his brother Johannes. in turn conveyed them (Oct. 28, 1724) for the consideration of natural love and affection, and the sum of five
occurrence, and none could at that time have thought
He
matter of very great moment, yet
it
proved to be of more
importance in the annals of dull old Claverack Landing

than
all
pounds, to his sons Jacob and Gerrit
Van Hoesen.
Fifty-
the previous events of
its
history during the one
nine years later (1783), these lands were in possession of
hundred and twenty yeara which had elapsed since the

time of
its
Hendrick Van Hoesen, Gerrit Van Hoesen, John Van

Alen, and Catharine
ably
purchase from the Muhicans by the pioneer
Van
(Van Hoesen) Van Alen, having

in that
probis
Hoesen.
come
to these
owners by descent, though no record
found showing whether they came

wise.
manner
or other-
visitors to the landing
The circumstances and motives which had brought these were as follows About thirty per:
sons,f
lands
principally
in
Quakers, residents of
Island,
Providence and
The
conveyed
by Jurrien Van
Hoesen
to
his
Newport,
in
in
Rhode
and of Nantucket and Edgartown,

were or had been engaged
brother Jacob Jans, in 1704, extended from the Hardick

tract northerly along the river to the north line of the patent.
Massachusetts
(all
of
whom
all
commercial pursuits, the whale fishery or other branch

possessors of
These
lands, or a portion of
them lying adjoining the Har-
of marine navigation, and
considerable
dick tract, descended from Jacob Jans
Van Hoesen
to his
pecuniary
means, while
several
were
persons
of
large
son Jacob, and from him to his sons, Jacob and John Jacob
wealth), having suffered very severely in their business
by
Van
Hoesen, who were
its
owners
in
the year 1783.
reason of the ravages of British cruisers during the war,
Among
as well as
the sloop-skippers, river-men, and small traders,
had, about the
commencement of
having
that year, formed themfor

its
rich
among the thriving farmers who occupied the meadows and bottomlands to the eiistward, and who
Here were two rude
in
selves into an association
object
the estab-
lishment of a commercial settlement or town at some safer
transported their products hither for shipinent, this locality
and more sheltered
location,
and the removal thither of them;
was known as Claverack Landing.

wharves or
tion, of
piers, each
selves, their families,
and
their business
and
in
pursuance
with a small store-house
connec-
of this project they had appointed a committee from their
which the respective owners were Peter Hogeboom,
number
to uiike a tour
of exploration to select a proper and
Jr.,
and Colonel John Van Alen, husband of Catharine
eligible site for the
proposed settlement.
(Van Hoesen) Yan Alen.

sold by the
Hogcboom's
store stood
upon
the " store and wharf lot" before mentioned as having been
Hardicks
to
Jeremiah Hogeboom.
is
Colonel
Van
opposite Hudson.
Alen's store stood on a spot which
now
the southwest
The upper and older portion of the present village of Athens, This name has sometimes been incorrectly spelled Loonenburgh. The orthography which we give is as found in Sau^'
corner of Ferry and Water streets.
thier's
At
the point where the old country road
came down
to
thirty, but the association
map, published in London, Jan. 1, 1779. The number of proprietors was, by their agreement, limited to never reached quite that number at one
the river (the present ferry-slip) was the landing-place of a
20
15-1-
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COT'NTY NEW YORK.

coramittee so chosen proceeded on
their mission,
The
East
Hardick^
to
Thomas Jenkins,
forty pounds.
for a consideration
tracts,
of five
passing westwardly through

river,
Long
Lsland sound
and the
hundred and
the lands
Those three
embracing
where they examined and came near purchasThey, however, decided

and so passed into and up the Hudson,
time
to
lyiii:;
north of Ferry and Partition streets, and
ing a site from Colonel Rutgers.*

to search
extending along the river and the North bay, were probably
all
farther,
that were included in the

well as to
first
purchase.
The
titles to
stopping for a considerable

offered
examine a
;
location
finally
these, as
tracts subsequently purchased, ||
were
by Mr.
offer,
Davies, at Poughkcepsie
but
taken by Jlr. Jenkins for the association.
declining this
they proceeded up the river until they
came
to the old sloop-landing at the clover-reach,
and here
have
we
find
them; the same four Quaker

chief personage
visitors
whom we
THE PROPRIETORS AND THEIR CO.MMERCIAL SETTtEMENT.
mentioned above.
The
among
thi.s
party was
Thomas Jenin
The
articles
of agreement subscribed by the proprietors

:
kins, Esq., of Providence, a
merchant of high standing
of Claverack Landing were as follows
that city, and by far the wealthiest member)" of the association, as well as a
man of
excellent business capacity, fine
attainments, and great dignity and polish of manner.
He
"AVe, the subscribers, being joint proprietors of a certain Tract of Land lying at Claverack Landing, on the banks of the Hudson River, purchased by Thomus Jenkins of Peter Hogeboom, Junr., and
others, for the purpose of establishing a commercial settlement, on
him the other members of the coramittee yielded great deference. Another
had been the originator of the project, and
to
principles of equity, do enter into the following Articles of Agree-
of the explorers was Cotton Gelston, also of Providence,
ment, to wit: " Article fikst.
That
each proprietor eubscrihe for such part of
and an
intimate
friend
of Mr. Jenkins, but possessing
the above Tract, in proportion as near as
may
be to his Stock in
neither the wealth nor business ability of the latter.
The
names of the other two members of the committee cannot

be given, nor are we able to say whether their journey from
Trade, with the others concerned. " Article second. No proprietor shall be permitted to purchase
lands within two miles of the said landing, unless he shall give the
Proprietors the
refusal (hereof at
the
rates
at
which he himself
made in their own vessel or by the It is packet-sloops of the Sound and the North river. most probable, however, that they came in the manner first
was
mentioned.
It
visit,
New England
purchased
it.
"Article third.
the
first
That
eoch and every one of the proprietors
eighty-five, unless prevented
would be interesting
of their reception by the
and the
know the details of that first Van Hoesens, the Van Alens, Hardicks (though, from what we know of their later
to
it
intercourse, there can be no doubt that
was a cordial one),

for its pur-
and carry his Trading Stock on or before day of October, A. Dom., one thousand seven hundred and by some unavoidable event that shall be esteemed a sufficient reason by some of the proprietors for bis non-compliance, and his going immediately after that obstruction is removed. In case of Death, bis heiis, executors, or administrators, with fully complying with these Articles, shall be entitled to the same
shall settle there in person
privileges as other proprietors. "
of their examination of the
site,
and negotiations
Article fourth.
That
fully
chase; but we find no account of these, nothing to show
his share
who has not
no person be permitted to dispose of complied with these Articles, but said
whether a decision was arrived at and a bargain concluded

by the committee before reporting
only
to their associates.
to locate at
We
share revert to the other Proprietors, they paying the first cost of said share, without interest, and that the proprietors which have complied with the foregoing shall hold possession of said lands ac-
know
Jr.,
that
it
was
finally
decided
Claverack
Landing, and that on the 19th of July, 1783, Peter Hoge-
cording to their several proportions. " Article fifth. That no proprietor be permitted
to
to enter
boom,
to
conveyed his store and wharf property by deed

for the consideration
that,
building on any proprietor's land until

shall
it
shall he divided,
any and they
Thomas Jenkins
;
of twenty-six hun-
be subjected
such regulations as shall be hereafter

further agree thot
made
for
regulating the Streets, Lanes, Highways, Gangways, Ac.
dred pounds
and
on the 22d of the same month,
"
Article sixth.
That we
if
any one or more

aforementioned
of the preceding
Margaret, widow of the second Francis Hardick, William
shall forfeit the right of his or their interest in the
and Peter Hardick, her sons, and Gerrit and Jacob,| sons of
the elder William Hardick, united in a conveyance, also to
lands, according to the true intent and

articles, that
meaning
he or they shall,
if
furnished with Deeds or other In-
Thomas Jenkins, of
two hundred
rods,
certain land described as
"
bounded
about
the Proprietors, or furnish

their right,
title,
struments of conveyance from Thomas Jenkins, give up the same to them with a clear Deed or Deeds of all
northerly by land of Jacob
Van Hoesen
to the river,
and
interest in said lands, they
paying such person
and by the river
to lands
conveyed by
or persons the
first cost,
as described in article (ourth.
Peter Hogeboom, Jr., to

ation
Thomas Jenkins."
The
considerThis person, usually known as Francis Hardick, Jr., was the son Jan Hardick, and a cousin of that Francis Hardick who died in May, 1783. On the 5th of September following, Lendert Hordick conveyed to Mr. Jenkins twelve and a half acres and twenty perches of land, for a consideration of two hundred and fifty pounds (Alb. Co. Deeds,
^
named
lot
in this
conveyance was eighteen hundred and
seventy pounds.
of
of two acres adjoining the above, and lying on or
!|
near the North bay, was conveyed on the same day by Francis
Book K,
*
pp. 380,
.'iSl).
This tract lay

.Mill streets.
in or It
nearly in the northwestthis
The
tract offered by Colonel
Rutgers was considered as entirely too
erly angle of
Second and
3,
had been purchased by

Jr., to
it would have been approved and As it was, they offered within five hundred dollars of the price demanded.
pmall for their purpose; otherwise
grnntor (April
1767) from Francis Hardick,
whom
it
it
had
purchased by the committee.
descended fiom
patentee,
his father,
Jan Hardick, who acquired

tirst
about 1742
by devise from his father, the
Francis Hardick, son-in-law of the

estate of
t It is said that the property brought here by the different members of the Jenltins family amounted in the aggregate to fully a
The "mill
Jan Frans Van Hoesen. lot," which had also been a part of the
774, was sold by Peter
Jan
Jr.,
quarter of a million dollars.

X
Hardick, and bad been purchased from Francis Hardick by Jeremiah

tract.
Gerrit and Jacob Hardick had, by purchase, acquired small lots
within the boundaries of the
Hogeboom some years prior to to Thomas Jenkins in 1784.
Hogeboom,

"Article 3evesth. That
the subscribers do solemnly agree to
155
was Colonel John Van Alen, the most considerable personage

to
abide by the preceding Articles and regulations, and that this Instrument be signed and sealed by each individual proprietor, and
the original be lodged in the hands of the Proprietors' Clerk.
among the
inhabitants of the ueighborhood.

to their
He came
them
to
welcome them
new home, ^nd
to invite
disembark, and to remain at his house until their
own was
"Stephen Paddock,! Joseph BARNAnD.f

Ben.ia)iin FoLGEn,t
Thomas Jenkins,*
Reude.i MACY.f
Cotton Gei.ston,^
made ready
for occupancy.
and courteous
invitation,
Mr. Paddock accepted the kind and remarked that if his host was
John .\lsop,Charles Jenkins,! Hezekiaii Dayton,* Ezra Reed, Gideon Gardner,! David Lawrence,' John Thlrston,Titus Morgan,^ Nathaniel GrEene"Relben Folger,!
Seth Jenkins,-
a fair specimen
of their
William Wall,"
had surely
fallen
in pleasant places.
new neighbors, then their The colonel

to
lines
lived
but a short time after this,** but until the day of his death
he ever proved a steadfast and generous friend

tlers.
the set-
Besides these subscribers to the agreement, the

proprietors included the following
fin,t
list
of
In the employ of Colonel

proprietors' arrival,
Van
Alen, at the time of the
names
Alexander Cof-
was a young man not yet twenty-four
William Minturn, Shubael Worth,t Paul Hussey.f
years of age,
Marshal Jenkins,| Deborah Jenkins,f Lemuel Jenkins,|
annals of
Benjamin Starbuck.f John Cartwright.f John Allen. The names of Benjamin Hussey, Samuel Mansfield, Walter
:j:
who afterwards became well known in the Hudson and of the county. This was Samuel Edmonds. He was born in New York city in 1760; enserved tered the Revolutionary army when but a youth
;
;
Folger,
Daniel
Paddock, and
Peleg
Clark
also
appear
afterwards on the record book of the proprietors, indicating

that they were
their
through the war, and became a commissioned officer was and, on the close of present at Monmouth and Yorktown
;
members of the
association
but the time of

is
hostilities, started
out to seek his fortune, being then the

blankets, and
becoming such cannot be given, nor

agreement.
the reason
pos.sessor
little
of a horse, saddle, bridle, two
known why only

cles of
a part of the proprietoi's .signed the arti-
Continental money.
With
this outfit
he journeyed
northward, and (probably by accident) came to Claverack

perfected
their
Having completed the purchase and

plans,
Landing, where Colonel

in
Van Alen engaged him

in
as a clerk
they proceeded without delay to the business of In the

fall
his store
and there
that capacity the proprietors
settlement.
of the same year there arrived at " Comet," of
found him.
After the death of his kind patron he entered
the landing the brig
Providence, Captain
business for himself in a small way, and a few years later
Eleazer Jenkins, having on board three of the proprietors
married Lydia, daughter of Thomas Worth, and by her
with their families.
Two
known
of these were Seth Jenkins and

is
became father of Judge John

wards became
Assembly, and
sherifi'
W. Edmonds.
of militia,
He He
after-
John Alsop, and

Barnard,
as
it
the third
is
believed to have been Joseph
paymaster-general
member
of
that
he arrived during that

was a youth
a
is
of Columbia county.
died at
autumn.
Another of the
brig's passengers
Hudson
in
1826.
the
first
of nineteen years,
named Marks
Barker,||
who continued
life,
When
duty
to
the pioneer arrives at his place of settlement, the
resident here during the remainder of his long
and
which,
first
of
all,
he gives his attention,
is
yet well remembered by
many
of the citizens of Hudson.
construction of a shelter for his family.
This was the

;
The other proprietors came in the following spring. It was purely a business enterprise which they had planned,
and they came prepared
to
need of the
settlers at
Claverack Landing
but a necessary
preliminary even to this, in the minds of those practical
push
it
with the true
New
men, was the business of laying out and defining public

highways, and the adoption of measures to secure regularOn the 14th of ity in the location of buildings thereon.
They made the journey from their former homes in vessels owned by members of the association,1f and some of them brought houses framed in NanEngland energy.
tucket or Providence, and ready for
here.
May, 1784, immediately

held their
first
after their arrival, the proprietors
immediate erection
brought by
in
business meeting, of which David Lawrence
One
of these portable dwellings was

first
Stephen
Paddock, and formed his
residence
the
his
evi-
* The land of Colonel

nal purchase,
Van Mea
not being embraced in the origi-
new
settlement.
Upon
his arrival
at
the landing,
vessel
was boarded by a stout, fine-looking gentleman,
dently of Dutch descent, and wearing a scarlet coat.
It
and the proprietors being desirous of securing it, they, on the 23d of November, 1781, appointed Thomas Jenkins, Gideon Gardner, and David Lawrence a committee "to wait on Colonel John Van Alen, impowered to purchase his real estate for 2500, and a one-thirtieth interest in the first purchase made." The offer
-'
From
Providence.
From Nantucket.
"
17fi4,
I
II
EJgartown.
Marks Barker was born in and came to .\mcrica in the winter of
Newport, R. I. Northamptonshire, England, in

1773.
He was
for sonic time
a student with the celebrated Dr. Pfeifer, of Philadelphia, and was

his .assistant during the season of great mortality
was accepted; but Colonel Van Alen died (Dec. 15, 178+) before The same committee were then directed the sale was consummated. to ascertain from the widow Van Alen whether her late husband writings drawn left her power 'o ratify the bargain, and if so, to get and c.vecuted immedialcly." This resulted in the conveyance of the
produced by the
a
ravages of the yellow fever in that

than half a century.
sixth year of his age.
city.
He was
member
in
of the
Society of Friends, and a resident of
Hudson and
vicinity for
the
more
property in question oy Catharine Van Alen to Thomas Jenkins, Feb. S, 1785. This purchase embraced all the land south of Ferry the street, and between Front street and the river, and included
"store and wharf
lot."
Ho
died January 21, ISiiO,
seventy-
The lands
lying east of Front street and below the old "
remarkable that of the vessels which brought the settlers in 1784, the name of only one is now known, the schooner ' J'oaeph," on which caine the family of Jared Coffin, and on board
It is
little
Way"
(Partition street),
Waggonowned by Hendrick Van Hocsen and Gerrit
Van Hocsen, were
time, but the date of the
which they lived while a house was being prepared
for
their reeep-
them to the proprietors about the same conveyance cannot be given. To the eastward of these were the lands of Casper Huyck, who
sold by
also sold to the proprietors.
156

solid road-bed,
At this was chosen moderator, and Reuben Folger clerk. meeting Seth Jenkins, John Thurston, Daniel Paddock, Joseph Barnard, Thomas Jenkins, Gideon Gardner, and
David Lawrence were appointed
streets,
and
also for giving excellent drainage to the

city.
future business portion of the
On
the
side
the north side of this street the ground descended to
committee
''
to
reprulate
and attend
in
a
It
particular
manner
'
to
fixing the
wooded shores of the North bay, and oti the other it sloped to the South bay through the orchards and
buildings uniformly."
shall
fix his
was
also voted,
that no person
other fann-lands of the
Van Hoesens.
ravine of consid-
house without such direction from a majority
erable depth crossed the street just above the intersection
of the committee as they
may think proper;"
and, '-that
of Third, and another and deeper one at Fourth street.
no person shall extend his steps more than four feet from
his door or seller ways."
This
last mentioned was more than thirty feet in depth, and was known as " the great hollow." On the 24th of October
The committee proceeded

and
laid
to
the work assigned them,
following their arrival, the proprietors voted " that a bridge
out Front, Main, State, Diamond, Union, Second,

streets,
be built over the great hollow
in
Main
street,
with stone
and Third named.
though they were not immediately so
buttments," and Seth Jenkins was charged with the execution of the work.
It is
not probable, however, that at this time the
The
lesser hollow
was
also
spanned by
filled
" laying out" included an accurate survey and

street boundaries,* except at places
to
marking of
a bridge, but a few years later both ravines were

earth.
with
where
it
was necessary
locate
buildings that were to bo immediately erected.

at
This
street,
which was
laid
put and intended as the princity, retained
Excavating and blasting were

street, to
once commenced in Front
cipal east
and west thoroughfare of the
the
open a passage
to
the river, and also to furnish

little
stone for building purposes, but, beyond this, very
was
done towards the grading of
streets until
the succeeding
name of Main'street until Oct. 10, 1799, when, by an ordinance of the common council, it was changed to Warren The old country road, so often menstreet, as at present.
tioned in the early annals, crossed
it
autumn.
diagonally about the
The main
river,
street of the city
was judiciously located along

in a bold
present intersection of Sixth street.
a ridge of land,
commencing
promontory
at the
The
rival
first
dwellings were those of Seth Jenkins,
John
and running thence eastwardly

hill.
to the foot of a lofty
Alsop, and Joseph Barnard, built in 1783, before the arof the main body of the proprietors.
.stood
in
eminence, now named Prospect

location
The
peculiarity of this
was very favorable
for the securing of a
dry and
named
It
on the north side of what
is
The two first now Franklin square.

business meeting of
was
Jenkins' house that the
first
A committee of
proprietors waa appoiDted,
June
9,
178o, " to sur-
the proprietors was held.
It stood
until the great fire of

as the "
The work was performed by or under the who received from the proprietors " one and making a plot of the This plot embraced the streets laid out by the committee in city." T7S4, viz., Front and Main streets, each sixty-si.x feet wide; State street, sixty feet; Uniou and Diamond streets, each fifty feet; and Second and Third, each fifty feet. The first laying out had not included Fourth and Fifth streets, but these were now .added, each fifty
vey and plot the oily."
lot for his
1838, and was
for
many
yettrs
known
is
Swain house."
direction of Cotton Oclston,
The
Front
portable house of Stephen

street,
Paddock was erected on

still
house
trouble in laying out
and the old frame
standing, but has

It
lost its identity,
being now a part of a later structure.
was used by Mr. Paddock as
a residence only until he could

;
complete a more commodious one
this
next being the
feet wide.
Robert A. Barnard house, on the northeast corner of First

streets
Between the long

laid out lanes or
lines of the
"gangways" twenty
size,
town loU.
feet in
running eastward from Front street were feet in widrh, forming the rear These lots were laid out fifty by one hundred
and Warren
a
streets.
Originally
it
might have been termed

but
in
wooden house with brick ends
in later years it
was
and twenty
and a block of thirty
lots
was, in Quaker
remodeled and materially changed
appearance.
language, termed a " square."
The
plot extended southwardly to
Jared Cofiin built on the south side of Union street the house now owned and occupied by Henry Htihbell, directly
opposite First street.
built
the old country road, nnd in the opposite direction to the alley next
north of State street. The streets were named by Thom.as Jenkins and David Lawrence, who were appointed a committee for that
purpose.
The
first
house on Main street was
by Peter Barnard, who was not one of the proprietors,
upon (July
prove
of,
This plot was presented by the proprietors to the city, and there1.1, ITSli) the council res<iUed "that this council do aporder,
but was a most worthy and respected man.

on the south side of the
street,
is
His house was

First
midway between
to
and
and
lslftbli^h a plot
all
presente.l by
Esquire, proprietors clerk, of

wîys therein specified."
Iti
the llnads, L.ancs, .\lleys,

ITS.i.
Benjamin K.ilgcr, and tlangfrfiui
Second
streets.
Its
frame
said
form a part of the
SeptcmU-r,
leave was obtained
present residence of Mr. Several of the

first
Van Bergen.
buildings of the proprietors were
difficult to
Peter
Van
Iloeaen "to lay out a road

is
to the
South Bay," and the
road so laid out
now South Third

to (he
street.
In the
river
same autumn the
ciMistructed of bricks,
which were not
be ob-
road from Claverack bridge
width of sixty-six feet, .and a from the manor of Livingston " until near the house of John -Mande\ ille."
forty
feet
was widened to the similar widening was made of the ro.ad

it
Hudson
tained at Claverack Landing, even at that early day.
They
intersects the Claverack road
had been burnt
in the vicinity long before the arrival of the
Partition street was laid out

street,
New England
colonists, as
was proved by the existence of
wide from Front
to
Third
.May
lf>.
IT'Jt.
Long
several brick houses in the neighborhood,
among which was

now the
store of
The road alley was widened and named Chapel street in .May, 17'J6. up the Academy hill was opened by the Columbia Turnpike Company This w.as the third turnpike company in the State, charin 1800. Seventh street was laid out in ISOl.and Union street tered in 17H9. and Cherry alley extended at the same time. It was not until forty
years after the survey of the original plot that First street was laid
the residence of Colonel
Vaa
Alen, a Dutch-built structure

is
with peaked gables, that stood where
Guernsey
&
Terry, at the southeast corner of Ferry and
Water
streets.
The
and
settlers
opened
clay-pits
and made
bricks at a place on the north side of the old wagon-road,
The permanent on the burnt district of the great tire of 1825. grading of the streets, and the construction of sidew.alks and sewers, was not actively an<l systeuialiinllv entered on until about 17'.iJ.
out,
near Third
street,
also
on or near the present

street.
site
of
Traver's planiiigiuill on
Diamond
HISTOHY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY,

One of
tion
NEW YORK.
157
the
first
mattere to receive the proprietors' atten-
lie
supply), we are compelled to believe that the three ex-
was the extension and improvement of the wharf which It was transthey had purchased of Peter Hogeboom.*
cavations were not merely cisterns or reservoirs, but, in And (as.it is well known that reality, wells, as spoken of
the fevi wells which have since been sunk in
and was named

later,
formed into a substantial and commodious landing-place, " Hudson wharf," when, a few months
the present
;
Hudson have
reasonable to
in-
invariably failed to supply good water)
it
is
name of the
at this
city
was given
to the settle-
suppose that the proprietors, being disappointed at the

ferior quality of the
ment
first
and
it
was
wharf that Hudson's

their cargoes.
first
sea-going
the
water found
in these wells,
moved more
in
vessels received
and discharged
Among
quickly than they would otherwise have done towards the

construction of the aqueduct, which they
of the river craft which made regular
trips
from Hudfast-sailing in
commenced
son wharf was
John and
I'etcr
Ten Broeck's
the follosving spring, and had. completed in January, 1786;
sloop " Free Love," which traded hence to
New York
an instance probably as remarkable
as
any on record of
1784.
later,
If the time had been three-fourths of a century the name of the little vessel would have caused moral
prompt and energetic action in furnishing a new settlement with an abundant supply of pure water from distant sources.
people to look askance at the community which was settling

here
;
but
in those
early days
it
carried no evil significance
HUDSON.
and produced no unjust suspicions. The ferry was still run by'Conrad Flock, but the canoe
On
the 14th of November, 1784, at a meeting of the

it
proprietors,
was resolved, without debate or dissent, that
had given place
to a
gunwalcd scow, presumably more

predecessor.
early in
safe
and capacious than
its
name of Claverack Landing should be discontinued, and the settlement known by the name of Hudin future the
Merchandising was commenced

on the south side of Main
is
1784, by Cotton
son.
It
was understood
to be
Governor George Clinton
Gelston, in the same huilding which was also his residence,

street,
desire that the place should receive the

in his
name
of Clinton
above Second, where now
own honor; and
indeed
it is
said that he
made such
J. T.
Burdwin's paint-shop.
This was the

it
first
store
suggestions to the proprietors, and was

their disregard of his wishes.
opened
that
it
in the
new
settlement, but
was a very short time

the settlers
much displeased at The name adopted was sugHenry Hudson's first made near
remained the only one,
for
who were
people,
gested
by the supposed
fact
that
flocking to Claverack
Landing were an enterprising
landing upon the shores of the upper river was

this place.
and
eligible locations for trade
were eagerly sought for then

" voted that a
as DOW.
The opening of
it
the year 1785 found the " commercial
At
a meeting held June 28,

built,
was
house
settlement" in a far more advanced and pro.sperous condition than had been anticipated
be imniediatt'ly
twenty
feet
at the e.tpense of the proprietors,

to
by even the most hopeful

it
by
thirty,
be appropriated for a Market-
of
its
projectors.
In
its
shipping
its
already stood the
House," and the supcrintendency of the work was placed in This building was erected the hands of Daniel Paddock.
second port in the State, and
vessels were profitably
employed.
Ship-building, too, was promising, two yards
on the northwest corner of Front and Main
streets, the site
having been established.f and one large ship was nearly

ready for launching.
gers, shipsmiths,
where
its
successor, the present brick
uiarket-house, was
Ship-carpenters and caulkers,
rig-
built in
1807.
The space
adjoining the old market was

after
named Market Square, and here soon

permission to do " at his
to exact
Thomas Jenpromising not
kins erected a hay-scale, which the proprietors voted him
and sail-makers were numerous and busy. But it was not alone navigation and ship-building and the trades connected therewith which prospered in Hudson,
nor was
it
own
cost,
... he
the case
that
all,
or nearly
all,
its
business
more than
Is.
6d. per load for weighing."
was
in
the
hands of the
in
it,
proprietors.
few of these
iheiii
On
ion,
the 'Id of September, Gideon Gardner, Cotton Gelsand Daniel Paddock wore appointed a committee to
efiiect
were largely engaged
but there were some of
who, instead of entering into active business here, became

farmers, and retired upon lands purchased in the vicinity,
carry into
the proprietors' vote " that the three wells

up.''
be stoned and masoned
It has
been supposed by
and
still
others were upon the ocean in

story of
command
of their
some that these

termed
reservoirs.
wells
S.
should
more properly have been
ships.
But the
far
Hudson's remarkable progress
B. Miller, Esq., in his ' Historical

'
had spread
settlers,
and wide, and attracted hither throngs of

artisans
Sketches of Hudson," says,

reservoirs
They wore probably

is
three
then commenced, one of which

in
afterwards
the
land,
who,
largely
and tradesmen from
New Eng-
a year before, had never heard of Claverack

river.
spoken of as the well

vicinity of
Third
street,
another in
Landing, and scarcely of the Hudson
Second
street,
and the third near the marketwas about

in
Among
sale, " at
the persons and firms engaged in business here

for
house."
But
as the time of their construction

to
1785 were Thomas Jenkins, merchant, advertising

his store opposite the
one and a half years prior
the introduction of aqueduct
house of Ezra Reed, the
water, and as there seems to have been no other

filling
means of
them except by gathering the ramfall from roofs immediately contiguous which last-named source would be so
(
precarious and insufficient as not to be thought of for pub This old wharf
West India and New England Rum, Iron, Salt, and Dry Goods; Green &, Mansfield, merchants, in a similar Cotton Gelston, merchant, on Main street; line of trade Shubael Worth, merchant, northwest corner Main and
best
"
(a.
"cob-house" structure of logs) was found be-
neath the surface of the

nel
for the inlet-pijicof the
gmund, yet undccaycd, in digging the chanHudson watcr-wcirks in 1874, and it is

it.
I Titus
rrival,
in
Morgan coininenced a ship-yard imuiediatcly after his 1784, and Jenkins and Gelston followed with a second
aftei".
said to have cost nearly one thousand dollars extra to reimiv c
nc
ery soon
158

streets
;
NEW
YORK.
Second
David Lawrence, merchant
T. R. Bowles,
limits
mentioned were by th act " ordained, constituted,

to be,
general store, " also Dilworth's spelling-books, by the Dozen

or single;"
and declared
after,
from Time to Time and forever herepolitic, in
Bunker and Easton, tanners; Latham Bunker,

Jenkins
one Body corporate and
Fact and
in
blacksmith;
and Gelston, ship-builders;
Titus
sail-
by the
Name
of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and
Name, Com-
Morgan, ship-builder; Tristam

uiakcrs
;
&
Barzillai
Bunker,
monalty of the City of Hudson."
John R.
Bolles, " saddler, next door to
Thomas
a
Appended
to,
and contained
words
in,
the charter of the city was
Jenkins' store;" Richard Bowles, saddler; Phineas June,

tailor
;
grant of land below high-water mark in the Hudson

:
Dennis Macnemara, " Taylor
for Ladies
and Gentle-
river, in the following
men ;" J. Pritchard, " Taylor and Lady's Habit-Maker, from London;" Peter Field, watchmaker and jeweler; Thomas Worth, who notified the ladies that he had " Silk and Stuff
Shop near the Market;" Gideon Tabor, boot and shoe maker; Walter Johnson, " from NewShoes
for
"Be
it
therefore enacted by the authority aforesaid, that
Thomas
Jenkins, Seth Jenkins, David Lawrence, Ilczekiah Dayton, Shubael

ger,
sale
at
his
field,
Worth, Joseph Barnard, Ezra Reed, Charles Jenkins, Benjamin FolReuben Folgcr, William Wall, Nathaniel Greene, Samuel .MansCotton Gelston, John Thurston, William Minturn, Peleg Clark,
port,
Baker" (at the corner of Front and Ferry and medicines;

Kzekiel
;
streets)
;
Lot Tripp, drugs

of
Dr.
Levi
Wheaton,*
(the
first
drugs and medicines;
Gilbert, lawyer
Hudson's attorneys)
Webster
&
;
Stoddard, printers
and publishers of Hudson's pioneer newspaper (the Gazette,

first
issued
in
March
31,
1785)
James Robardet,
"instructor
the polite accomplishment of dancing."
and Titus Morgan, and each and every one of them, shall have, hold, use, occupy, possess, and enjoy all and all manner of right, title, interest, property, claim, and demand whatsoever, of, in, and to all land lying under the water and directly opposite to the tract of land so purchased by them as aforesaid from hi;^h-water mark one hundred and eighty feet to the channel of the said River, in a course north fifty-seven degrees west, to the sole use, b-jnefit, and behoof of them, the said Thomas Jenkins [naming them severally as above], and to their heirs and assigns forever in severalty."
The above
lis*,
embracing but a small part of the busi-
proviso was added, that nothing contained in the act
ness of the settlement, shows that the tastes and rcquirenieuLs of the people of quakerly
should extend to impede or interrupt the free navigation of

the river or any public or private right.
Hudson,
in
the year 1785,
The submerged
called water-lots,
were not wholly
utilitarian.
land thus granted was divided into
lots
CITY CHARTER AND ORtJANtZATIOX FIRST I'UBLIC BUILDINGS.

So groat had been the change wrought
as Claverack Landing,
its its
in the place in
the short period of eighteen months from the time when,

population was comprised in less
people had
than ten families, that
now begun
to cherish
aspirations to city dignity.

prietors of
At
was
that time, with the pro;
allotted among the grantees. The people of the newly-made city received the announcement of its incorporation with great demonstrations of rejoicing, which were thus mentioned in the Hudson Gaztlle of May 5 "On Tuesday last (May 3) arrived from New York Ezekiel Gilbert, Esq.,| who brought with him an Act for incorporating this part of the District of Clav-
and these were amicably
Hudson,
to plan
to execute
and at a meet-
erack, agreeable to a Petition preferred by the Inhabitants,
ing of their association, held Feb. 17, 1785, it was voted " that a petition be drafted to be laid before the Legislative authority
of the State, for the purpose of getting
under the Name of the City of Hudson. This pleasing and interesting Intelligence was announced by a Discharge of Thirteen Cannon, and a Display of Colors from the
ourselves incorporated, with city privileges."
Seth Jenkins,
Shipping
at the
Wharves and on the
adjacent Eminences."
Ezekiel Gilbert,
Henry Van Rensselaer, and John Thursame before

all
On
the 5th of May, Seth Jenkins, Esq., issued his procla-
ston were appointed a committee to present the
mation announcing the incorporation of the city and his
the Assembly, and to use

able action.
their influence to secure favor-
own appointment
held on
as
mayor, and calling an election,

at the school-house,
to
be
Monday, the 9th of May,
which
The
city,
act
was passed April 22, 1785, incorporating- the

the County of Albany, directly op-
stood on the old road near the present corner of Ferry and
Partition streets.
with limits described as " Beginning at the channel of

in
This was Hudson's
first
charter election,
:
the Hudson's River,

posite
and resulted
in
the choice of the following officers
Seth
the
Mouth of
;
the Creek
commonly
called
Major
Jenkins, mayor; Nathaniel Greene, recorder; John Bay,

clerk;
Abram's Creek
to
thence to and up the middle of said Creek
Stephen
Paddock, Ezra Reed,

;
Benjamin Folger,
the place whore the Claverack Creek empties into the
William Mayhcw, aldermen

Broeck, Marshall
Jenkin.'i,
Dirck Delamater, John Ten

;
.aid
Major Abram's Creek; thence up along the middle of

Creek until the said Claverack Creek strikes
Peter Hogeboom, Jr., assistants

;
said Claverack
Thomas Jenkins,
supervisor
Daniel Paddock, William

assessors;
Van
the line of the
Manor of Livingston
to the
East side of
Alstync, Jeremiah
Ten Broeck,
John
Gilford,
Hudson's River; thence
into the said River
One Hundred
Nicholas Harder, John Herrick,
Abraham
Elting, and
John
and Eighty
feet
below High-Water Mark, and thence to
Van Hoesen,
constables
first
Nicholas Harder, collector.
On
the place of Beginning; keeping the same distance of
Hundred and Eighty

aforesaid, "f
feet
all
One along from High-Water Mark
the same day the
meeting of the council was held, at
which John Alsop was appointed chamberlain, and the

organization of the city government completed.
And
all
the freemen of this State within the
One of the first two physiciano in Hudson, Dr. Joseph Hamilton having been the other. Dr. Whcaton's office and ftore were on the
I .Mr.
Gilbert was soon after presented by the proprietors with

lot
" one house
on Main
street, as
a free donation for bis essential
south .Jc of .Main

t
street,
near Front.
services done the proprietors in bringing about the incorporation of
That
territory
.Stoekporl, in
was diminished by the formation of the town of 1S:13, and the city was reduced to its present limits by
the city."
?
The
city seal
still in
use
was purchased soon after by personal

Thomas JenkiOi,
the erection of the town of Grccnport, in 1S37.
contributions from Nathaniel Greene, Seth Jenkins,
NEW YORK.
and land
as
150
prison beinf; a necessary appendage to a city govern-
"Voted, by
snid building
a plurality of votes, that the corporation do accept the
ment, the council
(June
7,
1785) appointed Nathaniel
gratuity, and that the
sum
of 400 be
Greene, William Wall, and JIarshall Jenkins a committee

to erect within
assessed on the citizens and inhabitants of this city the present year
towards accomplishing the above object."
the city limits " a Gaol thirty feet long,
twenty
feet wide,
and one story high
;"
and on the 9th of
the same month the proprietors granted to the corporation
lot
of land for the purpose, " on the Northeast corner of

It
But if the sum voted was raised by tax, the building was certainly not completed for several years thereafter, and not until it had been decided to convert it into a courthouse for the county's use, the particulars of which conversion are given in the general history of the county.
the northernmost square on Fourth street."

nearly
in
was located
street
the
;
northeasterly angle of Fourth
and was
Prison alley
but as Fourth street had not then been opened
(though
vening
laid out
by the committee in 1784), the
jail
Hudson's
early
progress,
and various city
reached from Main street by a foot-path across the interlots.
MATTERS.
in its early years was univermentioned by the writers of that day as something unheard-of and marvelous. In an issue of the New York
its
It
was a rude log structure, and, although

at the
The growth of Hudson
show was made of grates and bars

it is
windows and door,
sally
said to have been so insecure a place of confinement

its first
that one of
prisoners,
having by some means obtained

boring his
Journal, printed in the year 1786,
increase in population
an auger, found
walls
to
little diflSculty in
way through
its
and business importance

settlement.
is
spoken of as having been un-
freedom.
Of
first
this
institution
Abimelech Riggs
paralleled, particularly during the

first
two years succeeding

in
its
was appointed the
keeper.
It
mentions that
the spring of 1786
The
city,
council also resolved (July 5), " that a Stocks and

in this to
Whipping-Post be made and erected nigh the market

and that William Wall, Esq., cause the same
that
the city contained several fine wharves, four large warehouses, " a covered rope-walk, spermaceti-works, one hun-
be
dred and
fifty
dwelling-houses, shops, barns, one of the best
completed, and
he
lay
an account of the expenses

to provide for the
this apparatus
distilleriesf
in
America, and
fifteen
hundred souls
;"
to
thereof before this Board,
payment of the same."
who engage The cost of
which
it
adds the statement that " upwards of twelve hun-
was
dred sleighs entered the city daily for several days together,
in
3
it
4s. ll</.r=:88.11.
It
was not then considered a barbaas a preventive to petty crime,
February, 1786, loaded with grain of various kinds,
rous mode of punishment, and,
boards, shingles, staves, hoops, iron-ware, stone for building,
was without doubt more
effectual
than imprisonment.
council, " at
fire-wood, and sundry articles of provisions for the
After the lapse of eight years the stocks were removed from
their
first
market."
This
place
is certainly a remarkable showing of growth in a which only two and a half years before could boast no
location
and erected, by order of the
or near the
common
Gaol, to be under the care and inspec-
tion of the Gaoler."
more than a
was commenced
in
score or so of agricultural inhabitants,
The
1804.
erection of a city hall
1786, but
until after
sloop-landing.
And
this account
and a makes no mention of the
was not completed during that year, nor indeed

Its location
streets,
twenty-five sea-going vessels then hailing from Hudson, or
was on the southwest corner of Fourth

the present
site
and Main
church.
It
of the
Presbyterian
of the ship-yards from which had been turned out at least one ship (the ' Hudson," three hundred tons. Captain
was a plain rectangular building of brick, two
Robert Folger), then ready
for sea, while others
were on
stories high, of
which the lower was used
for
meetings,
the stocks in process of construction.
and was of
and
sufficient capacity to
accommodate a gathering
part was used
for
of four hundred people.

offices
The upper
The innkeepers licensed in 1786 were as follows John McKinstry.l Justus H. Van Hoesen, John Schermerhorn,
:
also
for school
purposes, two
schools having
Seth Tobey, Diick
Van De Ker, John
Colvin, Dr. Joseph
been taught there at the same time
for .some years.*
Hamilton, Cornelius Van Deusen, Nicholas Harder, William
That the
city-hall
lot
is
was purcha.sed and the building
erected by subscription
shown by the
9,
fi>ll(>wiiiir
transcript
Hardyck, John Mandeville, Russell Kellogg, Ezra Reed, John Rouse, Nicholas Van Hoesen, Henry Lyon, Nathaniel
from the record of

voters of
tlie
proceedings uf a luoctinLr of the
Winslow, Justus Hardick.

This
size is
list
Hudson, held May
1791,
viz.
of public-houses certainly seems

in
large,
but
its
" Whereat,
gratuity the
The proprietor!" of the city hall of this city offer aa a amount of their subscriptions towards the snid building
it
perhaps
some measure accounted
fur
by the very
and the
lot
on which
stands to this corporation forever, on condi-
large country trade, indicated by the daily arrival of twelve
tion that the citizens will raise the
sum
of
400 by
la.x
this present
to individuiils
year for the purpose of discharging the arrearages due

for
advances heretofore
iniide,
and towards completing said building,
t Thisdistillery, built in 1785, stood on the site of the Hunt &. Miller stove-works. It was, as this writer states, regarded as a model estab-
lishment of
its
kind.
Several other distilleries have existed in

in
Hud-
Marshall Jenkins, John
Folger, Dirck Delaiu:itcr,
Jr. lU.
*-
id. each.
Ezra Reed. .Stephen Paddock, Benjamin John Ten Broeck. and Peter Ilogeboom, Total cost 6 4.. SJ.=*lJ.iS.
B.ty.
It
son at different times, and their business, particularly
the early
days, was protitabie.
It is
said that at one time the lower portion was, in its unfinished
to
state,
degraded
the condition of a storaiê warehouse.

a portion uf
it,
is
cer-
tain the building, or
was rented continuously from
about 1795
to IS04.
In
ISO:; llie council
"Hetuhfl, That John Bennett
have the use of the city h;ill one year for four dollars ;" but there is nothing in the minutes sh..wing what part of the building was thus rented, or fur what purpose.
Brewing was also, and has -continued to this day, a successful industry in Hudson. The first brewer here was Benjamin Faulkins, an Englishman, whose establishment was near Titus .Morgan's ship-yard. Soon after, there came " David Coope, Brewer of Porter, Ale, and Beer, Brew-House near the Market." Another of the early brewers was Auchmoody, whose establishment was on Cherry alley, between Fourth and Fifth streets. This house was on the site of X The lirst innkeeper of Hudson.
Mrs.
It.
\V.
Evans' residence.

IGO
YORK.

sleighs
,
NEW
hundred
the greater part of them probably coming
from a considerable distance.
more of small bills on the same principles those were issued in June last, and to be allowed the same premium for
Issuing and receiving the same." A year or two later it was ordered " that the Clerk have two hundred and fifty
Dollars
in
The
individuals and firms licensed in
1780 "
to retail all
kinds of spirituous liquors" were Gorton

Cotton Gelston, Joseph Barnard
Co., Teunis A. Slingerlandt,
Coffin,
&.
&
Frotliingham,
Co.,
Thomas Jenkins
&
Cents struck
oflF
and issued by him on the

and
'
princi-
Greene
&,
&
Mansfield, Alexander
ples of the former emissions,"
that Mr. Folger and

bills
John Thurston, Gano
Wall, William G. Hubbel,

&,
Mr. Rand be a Committee
to
examine the damaged
Seth Jenkins, Benjamin Folger, Reuben Folger, Worth Dayton, Stephen Paddock
now
in
the hands
of the Clerk, and Certify the
Amount
"to pay
&
Son, Dayton
&
Chase, and
and destroy them."
The
clerk was also directed
David Lawrence.
It would seem that, at that time, the retail liquor trade must have been a highly respectable business, for we find here, in the list of those engaged in it, the names of the
to Elisha Pitkin, Esq., -1 2s. Gd. out of the
Monies arising
for
from the passing of the Corporation Tickets

said Tickets,
4s.
paper for
and that he
also
pay
to
Ashbel Stoddard
3
to
Od. for printing said Tickets."
Nothing appears
mayor, the recorder, and four of the councilmen of the
city,
show otherwise than that

well the purpose for
this fractional currency

it
answered
and
fifteen
of the solid
men known
as the original proprie-
which
was intended.
tors of
Hudson.
a measure wliich
For
seemed
fully justified
ten
years prior to 1798 the safety of the city at
In the year 1700 (June 12) Hudson was made a port of

entry
;
night had been committed to the care of volunteer watch-
by the rapid
men, taken
in
rotation
from a body of
citizens,
who,
to
growth of her commerce, and which wxs very largely the

result
citizen,
promote the well-being of themselves and their property,
of the influence and efforts of her distinguished
had mutually agreed
to
perform such service
and they
Hon. Ezekiel
office
Gilbert.
to
The
first
appointment as
received recognition from the council,* so far as to be invested with authority to arrest (while on duty) any persons
collector of the port
was given
Henry Malcolm, who was

chartered,
succeeded in the
by Isaac Dayton.
whom
But
they might consider as suspicious or dangerous to
Three years
later the
Bank of Columbia was

;
the public peace.

in the
with a capital of 8100,000

office
and in the same year the post-
year above mentioned,
it
having been thought

to
was Mtablisiied.
These events very materially en-
advi.sable to
form a regular night-watch,
be appointed
it
hanced the importance of Hudson.

porated the third city
in
She had been

;
incor-
the State
she was
now
the
by and wholly under control of the city government, ordained by the council, January 9,
was
third port of entry, and held one of the only three banks
which the State contained

post-office
little
while the establishment of the
was a matter of much convenience, and of no

It
" That from ind after rhe publication of this Ordinance, a Nightwatch be kept by such persona as the Common Council shall, from time to time, appoint for that purpose, who, or at least two of them,
shall constaotly
pride to merchants and citizens.
was
not,
however,
and
Silently patrole the several Streets in the City

in the
from the hour of 10 OClock

ing,
evening until d.iylight

to stop
in the
like the creation of postal facilities
where none had existed

less
first
and
Who
are hereby
empowered
and take up
all
mornand
before, for the mails
had reached them with more or
every person of Suspicious appearance or that do not give a satisfac-
regularity since the beginning of the settlement.
At
they had come by way of Claverack,
fur,
although Claver-
ack post-office was established
less
than eight months before
that at Hudson, yet for several years before that time mails
Watchmen, and him or them House or to commit him or them to the Brideand the keeper of the said Bridewell or Gaol is hereby authorized and required to take and keep all and every such Suspicious persons until they can have a further examitory Account of themselves to the said
Safely keep in a watch
well or Gaol of Iho said City;
had been received and delivered
at that village, probably

at
by an arrangement made with the postmaster
Albany.
nation before the legal authority of tho said City. "And in case any fire shall be discovered in the night season, tho
said
watchmen
shall give
immediate alarm
in
all
to tho
Firemen, Bell-man,
thereof."
Some such arrangement was

for as early as
soon after
made
"
for
Hudson,
mails
at
and other
citizens,
and
respects shall use their indeavors to

also to
1787 we
find
the arrival and departure of

:
preserve the City from
fire,
and
Keep (he peace
mails announced in print as follows

arrive at
six P.M.;
New York
Hudson, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays,

docs not seem likely,
This was the
first
establishment of a police force in
Albany mails arrive Tuesdays, Thursdays, and

It
tliere-
Hudson.
The
lighting
of the
streets
was commenced
Saturdays, at same hour."

fore, that
during the same year.

council ordained,
On
the 6th of October, 1798, the
the creation of the

etfect
Hudson
post-office
had any
to
immediate
on the frequency of the mail service

it is
" That the City be lighted during the
Dark Nights, and
that the
and from the
city, for
certain that only a tri-weekly
Recorder and Mr. Kellogg be a Committee to Direct the construction of, and the place for, the Lamps, not exceeding Twenty in number,
mail reached here for some years afterwards.
About
this time
and during several succeeding years

by the
city for circulation in
and are same."
to
provide
Oil,
and agree with Suitable persons
to
light the
fractional bills were emitted
And
dollars
It
is
for thii
purpose an appropriation of three hundred
place of small silver and copper coins, both of

to
which seem
emissions
was made by the same authority.

probable that the " Dark Nights" on which the
to
have been extremely

in
scarce.
One
it
of these
Was
1796, when (June
17)
was ordained
by the
lamps were directed

reference
to
be lighted were determined on by
council " that the Clerk be authorized to issue a paper cur-
the almanac, and that this
method did not
rency in Small
bills
or notes not exceeding fourpence in
any one
bill,
and
to
an amount not exceeding one hundred
and twenty pounds;" and on the 9th of February, 1797, the same officer was " directed to Issue One Hundred pounds
5 This body, which was called the Citizens' night-watch, and was organized chiefly as a protection against incendiarism or accidental fire, first received recognition from the council Jan. 5, 17S8.

prove wholly satisfactory, for a short time afterwards
it
NEW YORK.
later.
161
was
not completed until some two or three years
It
was
by the council
" Reunited, Thit the
of the
known
Mayor be a committee
Moon."
to direct the lighliog
as the upper, or
Fourth
street market.
'
curious ordinance " to prevent forestalling

It
was en-
Lamps
the next dark
acted by the council about this time.
was
to the effect
The
tion
" compact part" of the city
that
" that no person residing within

is to
the corporation of this

fowls, ducks, or
say that porcity shall purchase
on whose inhabitants and property taxes were levied

the support of the
any turkeys, geese,

order to
sell
sell
any
kind of poultry
if
in
the same again," and " that
for
night-watch,
tlie
lighting of the
any person shall
from his or her shop or store or any
streets, the fire apparatus,*

limits,
highways and
inhabitants
as follows
:
streets within its
other place within this corporation any of the above articles,
and
for
certain
other
said
expenditures
for
purposes
chiefly benefiting such
was
"
having previously purchased the same

established
in
order to forestall
by the council, and described

corner of the Tan-Yard
Lying and being

to
or
sell,
and
shall be convicted of the same, .shall forfeit

five dollars for
and
within a line extending from the South Bay, at the south
pay the sum of
each and every offence."
of Giles Frary, easterly

;
the
house of Ezekiel Gilbert

the Tan- Yard of
plot of the city
from thence northerly through

to
It was also the custom to publish weekly, by authority, an " assize of bread," establishing the number of ounces
James Nixon
a .street
known on the
which the sixpenny and shilling loaves must weigh

the next publication
;
until
by the name of Mill
street; northwesterly
initials
and
it
was ordained that every baker
along said Mill street to Hudson's River, and southerly

along said River to the place of beginning."
or other person baking bread for sale should stamp the
of his or her name on each loaf " in a distinct

it
it is
From
the tax-list of
Hudson
manner, that
for the year
1787,
may
be distinguished after the bread
is
certified
by Jacob Davis, Jonathan Becraft, and Isaac Northrop,

sessors, are taken the following
baked
as-
;"
and
made
the duty of the inspector of bread
to
names, being those of
examine
all
bake-houses and bake-shops, " and on find-
all
the
inhabitants of the city
who
at that time
were taxed upon
ing any Bread lighter than the assize then Published, shall
an assessment of two hundred pounds

lars)
(five
hundred
immediately send such bread to the Poor-house for the use

dol-
and upwards,
of the Poor of this city."

viz.
In April, 1801, Justus

400 260 William Ashley Estate of Joseph Barnard... 210 230 Jacob Bunt 2;i0 Jonathan Becraft 340 David Coffin 300 Ale.\ander Coffin 300 William Coventry 470 Claudius I. Delamater 550 Dirck Delamater 225 George Decker 300 James Elting 205 Heiekiah Dayton Reuben Folger 225 820 Nathaniel Greene 300 Giles Frary 415 Cotton Gelstnn 250 Jacob Harder, Jr 280 John F. Hardick Adam Haydorn 225 540 Peter Hngeboom 230 James Hyatt 320 William Hallenbeok
Van Hoesen,
Cornelius Tobey,
''
Howard Allen John Alaop
200
Estate of Seth Jenkins
850
Robert Hallenbeck..' Matthias Hallenbeck

.John Hathaway Estate of Caspar
-120
200
5ii0
Huyck
Thomas Jenkins
T. Jenkins
A Sons
300 2600 1150
750 310 270 200 Estate of Lemuel Jenkins... 200 Russell Kellogg 270 David Lawrence..... 325 James M. Mooklar 230 Captain Reuben Macy 450 200 James Nixon Josiah Olcott 225 John Plass 435 Stephen Paddock 425 Thomas Power 233 900 Ezra Reed .Jeremiah Ten Broeck 550 Estate of John Ten Broeck 600 Seth Toby 325 Estate of Justus H. Van Huesen 700 Peter Van Hoescn 290 Henry I. Van Rensselaer... 600 William Van Rensselaer 430 Tobias Van Deusen 300 Adam Van Alcn 265 Ephraim Whitakcr 210 Shubael Worth 225 200 Samuel Ward
Marshall Jenkins M. Jenkins i Son Charles Jenkins Robert Jenkins 4 Co
and Thomas Frothingham were appointed

breaking."
a committee
to superintend the executiou of the law against Sabbath-
On
the
9th
of
May
following
the
council
Hathaway be requested to inform Mr. James Van Deburgh that his bonds will be prosecuted
unless he shall, within four days,
resolved " that Mr.
remove the
Billiard Table
out of his possessions."
END OF THE PROPRIETORS' ASSOCIATION.

Thomas Jenkins, the most prominent man among
proprietors of
the
Hudson, died
in
the year 1808, in
New
York
ment
from whence his remains were brought
for inter-
to
the city which he might almost be said to have
created.
The
organization of the proprietors continued less

last
than two years after his death, their

held
ator,
meeting being
May
all
23, 1810, of which Stephen

clerk.
Paddock was moderyears before lands intended for
and Erastus Pratt
They had some
deeded
the streets, highways, and
public use to the
common
council, to be
by them opened
it
It is not probable,
however, that this assessment repre-
when, and
as,
the public interest might require, and

that their existence
was
an
sented more than one-tenth the actual value of the estates

it
now arranged and understood

association should cease,
as
being then the custom (as
it
is
now
in
many
places) to
and that
their records should be
assess at a very low figure, to gratify tlie tax-payers,
who
formally delivered to the city.

getically,
fiercely,
This action was most enerit
believed that this method had the effect to decrease the
opposed by Cotton Gelston, although

as city clerk, that the
amount of their taxes. In 1799 (Sept. 7), Elisha Pitkin was authorized by the
council " to erect a suitable
was
were
into his
own bands,
documents
to be surrendered.
In his antagonism to the propo-
market-house on
street,
the
to
Gaol
sition
he seized the books and declared his resolve to de-
Square on the north side of Warren

the same for ten years."
and
occupy
part of the necessary funds
had already been subscribed.

furnished by Pitkin,
ten years'
The remainder was
to
be
them if he could not otherwise prevent their transfer, and so heated did he become, that it was necessary to assign to three of the strongest men in the room (of whom
stroy
who was occupation. The

fire
thus to be reimbursed by a
Gilbert Jenkins was one) the task of his subjugation

in the scuffle
tially
but
market-house, however, was
which ensued Mr. Gelston succeeded

fire,
in par-
destroying the papers by

his
threat.
and thus almost made
For introduction of
apparatus
in the city see " Fire
Depart-
good
But the surrender was made, and the

became a thing of the
past.
proprietors' organization

It
NEW
YORK.
and
fierce
cannut be denied that the associated proprietors of

a remarkable
and brave as
a
Csesar, but withal hot as pepper-pot
Hudson were
often
to
body of men.
There
is
not
as a "northeaster, yet" neither rude, aggressivc,"nor implacable

;
be found in the hi.story of this or of any other
man whose name

qualities.
never hear, and of
whom
never
noble
State the instance of an equal

intelligence,
number of persons
social
of such
think, without feeling a deep respect for his
many
influence,
wealth,
respectability,
and
and manly
He was
in fact the noblest iu
worldly experience uniting themselves in a business enterprise,
them
true.
all."
There are many yet living
Roman of Hudson who

is
and prosecuting that enterprise with such energy and
recollect
the brave old man, and
know
that the above
success; remaining associated for
more than
a quarter of a
century, with never an instance of individual faithlessness

to pledges
given or to trusts reposed.
RISE
AND DECLINE OP HUDSON'S COM.MERCE

1825.
1786
it
TO
In an incredibly short space of time they built a ci*y,
whose bright prospects allured others from near and from

far
ofi^;
If the growth and pro.sperity of
Hudson had been
re-
and
to all
worthy ones who came
to
share their
markable from the time of

scarcely less so for
its
settlement to 1786,
was
prosperity they extended a friendly hand, and dealt with
many
years after that time.
Ship-build-
them
justly
and generously
often giving assistance, and
ing continued to be a leading industry.

interior
never taking advantage of misfortune.
and the
forests of the
The hills in the upper Hudson furnished an

Mor-
Narrow-mindedness and bigotry had no home with them.
abundance of excellent timber

Abiel Cheney,
latter
to the ship-yards of the
Most of them were members of the Society of Friends, but they welcomed all, without regard to religious belief To
churches of whatever denomination they freely donated
sites for
gans (Titus and James), Jenkins, Gelston, Sears, Lacy,
Wm.
the
Johnson, and others, who, during the

eighteenth and the
first
years of
quarter of
houses of worship, and to schools and other enter-
the present century were widely and favorably the good quality of their work.
known
for
prises for the public

.g>,
good they observed a similar

action, steadily
failed
policy.
So just and enlightened a course of

from
first
pursued
There were no
once
it
less
than five yards here, and more than
"J
':''
to last, could hardly
have
to
bring the
was the case that every yard had a heavy ship on

all
measure of success which they here so
fully realized.
the stocks
at the
same time.
Thomas Jenkins, perhaps Scth Jenkins was the most prominent and influential among the proprietors. He
Next
to
Of
sea-going vessels
owned
in
Hudson, the number did by
not largely increase after 1786, but the aggregate tonnage
was the
first
mayor of Hudson, and continued

death (July 22, 1793).
to hold that
became greater by reason of
old ships being replaced
office until his
Another, Mr. Wil-
liam Minturn, early recognized the fact that the location at
Hudson was
tion,
too far inland for the successful prosecution of
new and heavier ones from the home dock-yards. The small craft hailing from Hudson also became numerous, making regular trips hence to New York, Albany, and the
other towns along the river.
It has been quite generally believed
commercial pursuits, and, promptly acting on the convic-
removed
in
1791
to
New
Y'ork,
where he established
that the ships of
"-
the business which

profitable in the
afterwards
became so extended and
Hudson
that
in
those days were almost wholly engaged in the
hands of the well-koown firm of Grinnell,
whale-fishery,
an
idea
which probably arose from the
fact
Minturn
&
Co.
He
died in 1799.
many of
the proprietors were from the whaling port
Much
that would be of interest might be told of the
of Nantucket,
but
this is erroneous
only a few were em-
others did our space permit.
The
last
survivor of their
ployed as whalers aud sealers, while the greater part were
number was Captain Alexander

son,
Coffin,
who died
in
Hud-
engaged
in
trade with southern ports in the United States
January
was
for
11, 1839, in the ninety-ninth year of his age,

in
(particularly Charleston),
Havana, and other Cuban
ports,
having been born
Nantucket, Mass., Sept. 21, 1740.

skill
Santo Domingo,
Cura(,'oa, the
Windward
in
islands,
Demerara,
He
many
years a shipmaster of
and sterling
in-
and
Brazil,
and occasionally with ports

staves,
the Mediterranean.
articles
tegrity,
yeai's
and
finally
discontinued the calling at about sixty
Lumber, hoops,
of export to the
and heading were leading
of age.
In the winter of 1774 he had for passengers

tea then recently destroyed
West
Indies,
and there were
also shipped
to in at
London the consignees of the

Boston harbor.
immense quantities of
duce of
all
fish,* beef,
pork,t and country pro-
On
the opening of the Revolution he
kinds.
This explains the immense influx of

before mentioned,
once came out a firm supporter of the American cau.se

patriot.
sleighs into
Hudson which has been
and
and an unwavering
ing that war.
He was
twice a prisoner dur-
which
in
a fuw years afterwards
became much
greater, so that
He had
the honor to be a bearer of disin Paris, to
a single day, March 2, 1802, twenty-eight hundred of
patches from Dr. Franklin,
the
American gov-
these vehicles entered the city from the interior.
This
is
ernment.
He
was an intimate friend of John Hancock, John
on the authority of the Hudson Balance, of a few days later

^'
and Samuel Adams, and the leading Whigs of the RevoluTwice he was elected to the Legislature of Massation.
chusetts, was a
The
fish
member
of the convention for amending the
both by smoking
exported were principally herrings, which were cured This was a source of very considftnil pict<[iag.
erable revenue to
Hudson
at that time, the fish

It is
being much more
constitution of
son,
New
York, postmaster and mayor of Hudall
plenty
firm in
in
the river then than ut present.

sold
related that a single
and he discharged the duties of
these offices witli
satisfaction to his ccfnstituents
and honor
author of "
Random
in
all
Recollections of
to himself The Hudson" says of him
and shipped one thousand barrels of the pickled Shad were also cured and shipped to some extent. fish in one day. f Slaughtering ami packing were extensively carried on in Hudson
Hudson
the establishments for these purposes being located in the vicinity of
that he was ' one of Nature's noblemen, a
man open and
above board
things,
frank,
generous, waimhearted.
North bay. The largo quantities of hides produced by these were manutacturcd into leather by the numerous tiinneries of the city.
John Van Ousen.
Residence or H A. DUBOIS
.jluoson.
Columbia Counrr. NT

date.
NEW YORK.
163
This extraordinary
activity,
however, was probably

;
cabin-door, which, if properly enforced, were well calculated

to
confined to the term of" good sleighing"
farmers and others

their products to
keep his passengers
in
good order.
In truth, something
improving that opportunity
to transport
the great warehouses, from which the ships received their

cargoes.
of the kind was necessary, for we had upwards of fifty pxssengers on board, nearly all men. Among the forbidden
articles
As many
as fifteen vessels were
known
to
depart
were the playing of cards and smoking
in the cabin."
from Hudson
in a single
day,
all
fully laden with these va-
The
vessels;
freight,
great European wars which succeeded the French
rious products.
The
interior region, of
which Hudson was
revolution created an almost unlimited
demand
for neutral
the mart, embraced not only Columbia county, but a large

portion of Berkshire county, Mass., and something of the
and
this,
with the lure of extravagant rates of

to
had the
effect
induce many of the ship-owners

to place
northwestern part of Connecticut.
of Hudson to abandon the legitimate trade, and

their vessels on
service. factory,
gers,
The following mention of the city of Hudson was made by John Lambert, an English tourist, in a narrative of his Having travels through this section, in November, 1807.
given an account of the incidents of his journey by stage
the far
more remunerative trans-Atlantic

result of this
For a few years the
was most
satis-
and brought great gain
to the Jenkinses, the Folin

it,
and others who had embarked

ruin.
but in the end
it
from Albany, he
son.
said, "
is
In the evening we arrived at Hud-
wrought disaster and
This town
of modern construction, and, like Troy,
The
first
of the events which brought this disaster in
consists of one very long street.
The houses
and
are of
all
wood
their train
was
the British " Order in

all
Council," issued
or brick,
many of them
built with taste,
spacious
May
16, 1806, declaring
the ports and rivers from the
and commodious.
Shops and warehouses are numerous,

inns, from
Elbe, in Germany, to Brest, in France, in a state of blockade.
and there are several large
which
conceived
Thb
that a considerable trade was carried on between this town
was followed, in November of the same year, by the " Berlin Decree" of the Emperor Napoleon, declaring all the
British islands in blockade
;
and the
interior.
its
and
for this the English
gov-
" It has the appearance of a thriving settlement, and

situation
is
ernment
decree
retaliated, in
January, 1807, by another order,
elevated and advantageous for commerce.
There
blockading the entire coast of France.
These orders and
are several large brick warehouses near the wharves for the
reception of goods, and a great
tinually between this
made
all
ships attempting the trade to any of the
many
small vessels
sail
con-
places declared blockaded subject to capture and

nation.
condemwere so
town and
New
York.
Under them
number of Hudson
vessels
" Ship-building
is
carried on here, and a vessel of three
taken and condemned, and those which e.scaped capture
or four hundred tons was just ready fur launching.

eral other vessels
Sev-
found their hitherto profitable employment at once and

completely extinguished.
of that size were also in the harbor.

22,
The next morning, November board the Experiment,' a fine new

'
"
we embarked on
hundred
This was a heavy blow

son, but one
to the
shipping interests of Hud-
sloop of one
more
severe,
and which may be termed the
and thirty
tons, built expressly for carrying passengers be-
finishing stroke, was given
by the embargo
laid
during the
all
tween Hudson and

five dollars, for
New
York.
The passage-money was

all
administration of
Mr. Jefferson (Dec. 22, 1807) on

United
States.
which the passengers were provided during

;
vessels within the jurisdiction of the
Mr.
the voyage with throe meals a day, including spirits

other liquors were to be separately paid
"
for.
Reuben
act, that
Folger, himself a nautical man,
and one of the

heave
wealthy merchants and ship-owners of Hudson, said of this

vessel,*
Mr. Elihu Bunker, who commanded the

man.
was
it
;
was a signal
to the nation to
to
under
part owner as well as captain, and seemed to be a plain,

religious sort of
bare poles
that the ship of state had been turned out of
He
had more the look of parson

list
her course and yawed about by a lubberly helmsman, until

the voyage was ruined and the owners half broken.
fore the
than
sailor,
and had posted a
of regulations at the
Besaid,
new system of gunboats and embargoes, he

to find
twin vessel, a sloop of the same
size,
and
also bearing the
he had always been able
a keg of dollars under his
name of "
Eiperiraent," was commaniled by Captain Laban Paddock, and the two together formed what was known as the " Experiment
line" betweeu
counter, but never afterwards.
Certain
it
is,
that from that time the

a decline
Hudson and New York.
The application
of the
name
experiment of a line of packet sloops running for pa3sen;;cr3 alone, and under no circumstances receiving freight, even of the lightest description and
quantity. They made-semi-weekly trips between the and became exceedingly papular. The enterprise was highly commended and praised by the newspnpers, which predicted for it great success; and this would doubtless have been realized but for the appear.nnce of Fulton's steamboat, the "Clermont," which at once revolutionized the methods of river travel, and made success impossible for packets depending on wind and sail. The two Experiment captains. Bunker and Paddock, were veteran ship-masters, who had retired Iroui the more arduous duties of ocean navigation, and adopted this more pleasant business upon the river. Another of the tame class of men was Captain Robert Folgcr, who had commanded the ship " Hudson," the Brst vessel launched at this port. He too abandoned the seas and entered the river trade. Among the river craft commanded by him was the fast-sailing sloop "Sally," running between New York and Hudson.
in the smallest
cities,
Experiment
city experienced
lay in the fact that they were trying the
commerce of the more rapid than had been its

it
wonderful advance; and with
declined the business of
ship-building and the industries dependent thereon.
The
War
of 1812 increased the
losses,
and
in
it
1815 the
prestio-e
two
of Hudson was so far diminished that

as a port of entry.
was discontinued
in
The Bank of Hudson (chartered

filling
1808)
failed
in
1819,
the measure of disaster, and,

in
during the lustrum which ended
the year 1825, the

five
population of the city decreased from
thousand three
hundred and ten
to five
thousand and four.
SIGNS OP RECOVERY
Abotit this time the
" Bolivar")
REVIVAL
OP WHALING.
first
steamboat owned here (the
commenced running between Hudson and New

in
York, but did not continue very long
the trade.
In
164

tlie
NEW
YORK.
owned here reached
fourteen, being,
1830
ill
steamer " Legislator" was running from Hudson
square-rigged vessels
the service of the
Hudson Tow-boat Company; and
the
as nearly as can be ascertained, as follows
other shipping of the city consisted of nine sloops and three

scows, of from forty to one hundred tons burden, trading
Ship " Alexander Mansfield"

"
hence
five
to
New York
and Albany.
The
population was then
thousand three hundred and ninety-two,
an
increase
of three hundred and eighty-eight in five

result, when contrasted with the
loss
years.
This
" " " " "
"Meteor" "Martha" "America" "Beaver" " James Monroe"

"Helvetia"
Captain Neil. '* Bennett. " Riddle. " Folger.

"
Gardner.*
Coffin. Cottle.
" "
of population between
" "
" " " "
"Edward"
" George Clinton" " Henry Astor"
"
"'
Dnggetf.
Barrett.
1820 and 1825, was quite gratifying, as indicative of a

revival of confidence in the future of the city.
"
" " " "
In the year 1829 an association* was formed of citizens
"Splendid" "Aurora" Bark " Washington"
Rawson. John Drury.

Coleman.
Clarke.
"Huron"
Lawrence.
of Hudson, having for

of the whale-fishery.
its
object the revival and prosecution
that the former prosperity of

ized.
They were full of hope, and believed Hudson might be again real-
Said one of the journals of that day, "

to rival those eastern cities
Why may
The names of captains here given are of those who were in command during the period from 1834 to 1838, excepting Captain Dniry, who commanded the " Splendid" in
1845.
we not hope
enterprise.
which the whale-
We
believe that only eleven of these, vessels were

in
fishery has built

.
. .
up
We
possess equal advantages, equal
engaged exclusively
" Martha"
whaling;
it
is
certain
that
tlie
entertained that
Under present circumstances the hope is Hudson will again flourish as in its infant
It
made one
in
or more trips between
New York
and Holland
1833.
Hudson
in
later.
also
owned
a brig and a
schooner, which were engaged
foreign
commerce from
days."
Their
first
ship sailed in June, 1830.
was the
" Alex-
1835
to
1838, and probably
ander Mansfield," Captain Bennett.
The
result of her first
The
revived whale fishery of Hud.son continued for about
voyage was waited with much solicitude, and when, at the
fifteen years,
and then ceased
entirely.
It
was not termi-
end of nine months (March 27, 1831), she again dropped

her anchor in front of the city, she was received " under the discharge of cannon, and amidst the acclamations of the citizens and sailors," although the day was the holy
nated by decrees, embargoes, or war, but by the decay of the

business, brought about
by causes which
-no foresight
or
energy could avert or

in
resist.
The
last
voyages were made

sold to run in
1845; the remaining ships were then

from other ports.
Sabbath
and when her cargo was announced the enthustill,
different trade
From
that time
Hudson
siasm ran higher
for she
brought two thousand and

one hundred and eighty
that had been brought
knew no more of harpoons and
lances and boat-steerers,
and has seldom seen a square-rigger at her wharves.
twenty barrels of right whale

barrels of sperm,
oil,
and fourteen thousand pounds of whale-
And
then arose the old cry which had assailed her in the
It
bone
in
this being the largest
amount
days of her earlier misfortunes.
came from those who
had envied her
in the
time of her supremacy, and were
now
to
by any vessel
in the
United States during that year.
In
less
than two months she was again ready for sea, and on
anxious to kick the

be dead.
lion
which they believed (or hoped)

Recollections of
the 20th of
June she
set sail for the
South Atlantic (her

whaling-ground),
The author of " Random

city,
Hudits
former voyage had been
son" wrote of the
in
1847, that "the days of
to the Brazilian
under command of Captain Francis

first
Neil,
promoted from
prosperity have long since passed away.
Its wealth has
mate. Captain Bennett having been placed in
command
which
diminished,
its
business sources have dried up, and almost

its
of the " Meteor," a

sailed for the
new and somewhat
every vestige of
are
former glory has disappeared.

at its docks
There
larger ship,
later.
same destination a few days
Each ship
now no shipping
is
and no ships building.

no sound of axe
its
carried four boats and thirty men.
Most of the crew of
There
or
no song of the anvil
to be heard,
the " Mansfield" were

in
young men of Hudson.
She returned
and nineteen
hammer.
There
is
no bustle of seamen along

its hills,
wharves,
about eight months, reaching
New York
no song of the rope-maker upon
no throng of wagons
in
its streets.
Feb. 26, 1832,
with two thousand two hundred barrels of
from the
interior,
no crowds of
men
grass,
The
have
oil,
thousand pounds of whalebone.

return, dropped anchor at
The " Meteor," on her Hudson April 23, 1832, with

viz.,
ship-yards are overgrown with
the wharves
mouldered away, the rope-walk

are
is
deserted, the warehouses
almost exactly the same cargo,
two thousand two hun-
empty, and the once busy crowds have disappeared."

the cau.se of
all
dred barrels of
oil
and twenty thousand pounds of bone.

(
And
this
decay and desolation was, as he
About
dollars,
this time one of the ships

oil
the
'
America") returned
to
said, the
lack of liberality and enterprise in the citizens,
with a cargo of sperm
amounting
eighty thousand
who, although possessed of sufficient pecuniary means, were

afraid
the most
valuable cargo ever brought to
Hudson
or unwilling " to risk one farthing for the general
by
in
a whaler.
good, having neither the public spirit nor energy of character to
The success of the company induced other men of means Hudsonf to embark' in the business, and the number of
employ those means to advantage." Those who are familiar with the story of Hudson's varyCaptain Gardner sailed from Hudson
still in
in the whale-fishery
from
This was incorporated
.\pril
.'iO,
183.3, as
the "
Hudson Whaling
hundred thou-
the year 1785, and he was

later,
the trade as late as 1837, and perhaps
Company," Laban
sand dollars.
Piiddocli, president: capital, three
making at
oil.
least fifty-two years of service.
On
the 19th of March,
1836, his vessel
the " Beaver" brought
in nineteen
hundred barrels
t Poughkeepsie and
of
Xewburgh
also fitted out vessels, in imitation
of sperm
J
Hudson, and
for a lime
they were quite successful in the whale-
The
"
Martha" was
sold at auction in September, 1837, at Bout-
fishery.
well's City Hotel.

ing fortunes, cannot be otherwise than amazed at the assertion
NEW YORK.
165
octagonal structure, two stories high, and very heavily and

substantially built, as, indeed,
it
made
in
the last sentence above quoted.
Did those
w.is
indispensable that
it
men
to
lack enterprise who, in two years after their settle-
should be, to withstand the strain of the mighty wings,
ment, had collected twenty-five ships, and sent them hence

the
Pacific
which rose seventy-five

county
it
feet
above the ground.
It
was a
and Antarctic Oceans?
And was
it
it
not
very prominent object, and could be seen over half the

;
rather an excess of enterprise than a lack of

pelled
which im-
but
it
was not successful

It
in the
purpose for which

a refreshment-
them
to
transfer those ships from their legitimate
was intended. and was

be seen.
last
was afterwards made

removed.
trade to the
more enticing one which afterwards proved

in
hou.se,
still
finally
The
old
foundation
is
ruinous ?
carae with
When
a single day the farmers of the interior
to
nearly three thousand teams to deliver their
The
ing,
of the flour- and grist-mills of Hudson was the
loads to the merchants of
Hudson, did they believe those
steam-mill of
Henry
P. Heerraance, a six-story brick buildsite
merchants
at
to
be unenterprising?
The Bank of Columbia,

in
which stood on the
now occupied by
It
the pumping-
Hudson, was the third bank established
the State.
house of the Hudson water-works, to give place for which

it
Were such institutions started in those early days by people who feared " to risk one farthing for the general good" ? At a time of great financial depression, caused by the failure
of that bank, and when the prophets of evil were announcing
that " the summer-like days of her (Hudson's) commercial
prosperity have passed, and public spirit
was demolished
in
1874.
was used
also for the grind-
ing of plaster.
Tanning was extensively

early times, and
carried on in
Hudson
in
the
es-
was the
first
manufacturing industry
their arrival.
tablished
by the proprietors upon
As
early
and public pride gloomy prog-
as the 15th of
May, 1784, the proprietors appointed Alex-
are buried, with no prospect of resurrection," the Hud.son
Whaling Company
nostications,
resolved to disprove those
ander Coffin, David Lawrence, Charles Jenkins, and Hczekiah Dayton a committee " to lay out, sell, or lease to David
and,
with the phantom of previous failure
Bunker and Redwood Easton a convenient

yard."
lot
for a tan-
before their
eyes, they put their ships
upon the ocean.
And
they reported that they had sold a quarter of
Tliis surely did not
betoken a lack of " energy of characproject to construct a railroad*
an acre near the
Hogeboom
mill,
with the benefit of the
ter I"
Then came the

to the
stream, for forty dollars, payable ten dollars per year.
This
hence
proposed line from Boston.

its
There were none
was the establishment of Hudson's

Taylor,
first
tannery, and others
in those
days who fully realized
importance, and
Yet, as
many
seen,
were started by Marshall Jenkins, Giles Frary, Robert
regarded the scheme as visionary.

the people of
agantly, to
its
we have
Hudson subscribed promptly,

stock, thus
line
liberally, extrav-
Gordon (afterwards Henry Anable, Sr.), James Nixon, Henry Ostrander, Solomon Bunker, Nathan
Sears,
making
their city the terminus of

to the
and others.
the
first
railroad
from the seaboard
Hudson
enter-
Several of these establishments were located along the
river,
and again proving that they lacked neither

Their large investments
in this
South bay.
The hemlock-bark was procured from
the
prise nor energy.
proved
slopes of the Catskills

to
and the Helderbergs, being shipped

It
a total
loss,
and bore heavily upon individuals, but were

city.
Hutison on flat-boats from Catskill and Coxsackie.

also
productive of lasting benefit to the
came
the
from the Taghkanic
hills
and, be.sides hemlock,
The abandonment of ocean

railroad
navigation was the end of
tanneries
used considerable quantities of oak-bark,

forests.
the old order of things in Hudson, and the opening of the
which was obtained from the neighboring

hides
The
marked the commencement of a new

MILLS AND MANirP.\CTORIES.
era.
were
purchased
from the great
slaughter-houses
which were then located here. Besides these, the tanneries worked considerable quantities of Spanish hides, sent up
The
was of
first
of Hudson's manufacturing industries
from
if it
New
in
York, as well as the great number of seal-skins
brought
by the vessels engaged voyage being made
in
that fishery.
The
sufficient
importance to warrant the application of

the
little
the term
was
mill
of
Peter Hogoboom, Jr.,
working of these hides, however, ceased about 1800, the

last sealing
in
1799.
which
hiis lioen
before nientior.cd as furnishing flour to the
people of the iiei^hborlioud before a Nantucket

set foot on Clavcrack Landing.
man
The only one of

istence
is
is
these leather manufactories
now
its
in ex-
ever
the tannery of
Henry Anable, on Front
street,
Another
the
flour-mill
known
as
tlic
" Carroll mill"
was
from
and that
lishment
nc longer
in operation.
is
The date of
estab-
is
not known, but

In
said to have been before the

it
built in later years
on the same stream, and not by James Nixon.

size,
far
year 1800.
1808 or 1809
was sold by
it
w;is
purchased by Peter
same
locution,
It
was run by a
Taylor, and was carried on by
him
for
about half a century.
water-whcfl of extraordinary
but
in
it
lacked a sufficiency
Hogcboom'.-' mill,
At
his death
in
it
his heirs to
Robert A. Barnard,
Mr. Anable.
of the element which was wanting

water,
and
and he
turn sold
to the present proprietor,
for tiiis reason
was never very successful. was an
The number of
vats in this tannery was about sixty,
and
it
windmill
fur the
grinding of grain was erected on

1789.
It
has done an excellent business in the manufacture of both
Prospect Hill,t by Josepli Barnard, in
ber of years.
5>
The exceedingly appropriate

it
lame of Prospect Hill

first
The
difTcTtnl railruuj lines will
he founJ uicnliuncd in the gc
was given
tus
to
by Captain William Ashley, wlio erected the

slope,
eral history uf the cciunty.
dwelling upon
its
it
its beautil'ul
the house n )W occupied by .\ugussoon after clustered

that
t
the
The
hill,
however, was not at thai time known by

crich.ji.
.
prese
rcciiv.
.McKin.stry,
E.'q.
The settlement wbict

reiidcncc
name.
All.
r rlie
Mr. Dai
iiai.T.-
null
upon
il,
ariiunl
Ciptaiu
I
.VshU-y's
was
at
time
known
as
name
of Windiuill Hill,
and continued
to
be 50
known
for a nul
Vi
lie
106

and upper-leather.
It
NEW
YORK.
the
sole
continued in operation until the
ship of this factory at
time of
its
destruction.
spring of 1877.
Hudson paper of that

" the satinet-factory
time, in recounting the particulars
siah Oicott and
The manufacture of cordage waa commenced here by JoThomas Jenkins, in the year 1785. Their
" rope-walk"
of the disaster, mentions
among the buildings consumed owned by William Van Hoesen, and

It is difficult
to
factory or
was six hundred
feet in
length,
occupied by Robert Patterson."

stand
in a
under-
located between Third and Second streets, north of State.
why this
statement,
if
erroneous, should havo appeared

in the
This business was carried on successfully

a century.
tinued
it
for
more than half
newspaper published at the time, and

;
immediate
The active partner was Mr. Oicott, who confor many years after the death of Mr. Jenkins.
neighborhood yet citizens of Hudson whose memory reaches

back
to
and beyond that time, are positive that Mr. Patterson

it
Later proprietors of the works were Jlessrs. Durfee,
May
never occupied or operated that factory, but that

started by
was
first
named being the proprietors in 1836, at which time the business was mentioned by Freeman Hunt, in a communication to the AmerCo.,
;
&
and Folger
&
Coleman
the last
Jonathan
fire.
Stott,
and was occupied by him
at the
time of the
But whatever may have been the

first
fact concerning the

fire,
ican Traveler, as follows

in this place
" Railroad ropes are manufactured
proprietorship,
it is
certain that after the
and the
the rear
by Messrs. Folger
&
Coleman.
It
is
the only
laying out of First street, Mr. Stott erected the building
establishment of the kind in the country.
More than one

These
which
of
it,
is
now
the
Waldron House, and nearly

This as well as
its
in
hundred and
fifty
tons are turned out annually.

;
rebuilt the factory.

;
predecessor
ropes are often one and a half miles in length
two hundred men would be able
to carry.
more than Ten miles of
used only hand-looms
and after a time Mr. Stott abanin the city,
doned the manufacture
and re-established
;
it
on
these ropes are used on the Portage railroad, in Pennsylvania, per
the water-power of Claverack creek
this being the
com-
annum."
At
this time the
works were seven
hundred and
fifty feet in
length, having been enlarged either
is
mencement of the large and very prosperous business which now owned by his descendants, at Stottsville.
Another hand-loom minufactury of
satinets
alley,
by Mr. Oicott or by Durfee, May
&
Co.
was e.rried
above Third
Oil and candle works wore also established in the same
on by Patterson
street.
&
Rainey, on Prison
year (1785), both by Thomas Jenkins and by Cotton Gelston.
This was burned in or before the year 1828, and

rebuilt.
The works of Mr. Jenkins were on Diamond

Second and State
streets.
is
street,
was not
below Second, and those of Mr. Gelston were on the northeast corner of
small woolen-factory was at one time operated by

atid
These works were
Knight, and a fulling-mill

Underbill
;
flannel-factory
John by Josiah I.
not of large capacity, but there
no doubt that in the

profit-
both these establishments being located on the
hands of such practical men they proved reasonably

able during Hudson's
fii-st
stream below Underbill's pond.
Very
little
of success was
whaling period.
It
is
said that
ever realized by any of the above-named enterprises exccjit

that of Mr. Stott, at the place which
they received
the honor of a personal inspection by the
now
beai-s his
name.
great French statesman,

in the
M. de
Talleyrand, during his tour
United States.
the
revival
THE COLUMniA FURNACE,

of the whale-fishery from
Upon
and put
Hudson,
erected
located in
Columbia
street,
was
built in 1814,
and was
fii-st
similar works, but on a

in
much
larger scale,
were
put in blast by Timothy Kellogg and
Briggs.
Then,
operation by Messrs.
Barnard, Curtiss
&
Co.
and
for
many
years thereafter,
it
was the only foundry on

Albany.
Its business
;
Their location was nearly where now stand the works of the
the river between
New York and
was and
Columbia Iron Company.

fire.
They were
twice destroyed by
the manufacture of stoves and agricultural castings
Upon
the final decay of whaling here the business

to
the business of a machine-shop seems to have been con-
was removed
Brooklyn.
nected with
sail
it,
to
some
extent, from
the
first,
forin
1815,
Works
for
the
manufacture of
duck were put
in
Messrs. Kellogg
fanning-mills.
&
Briggs advertised the manufacture of

it
operation by Scth Jenkins and Stephen Paddock, in 1787.
In 1.81G
was advertised
as the "
Hudson
Gifford,
The establishment was probably not an extensive one. Most of its product was taken by the sail-lofts here, and it
did not outlive the ship-buiidiiig bu.înoss of Hudson.
Air Furnace," and carried on by John Adams, as agent.

Afterwards
it
passed into the hands of Starbuck

Tiie business
li;is
&
then to Elihu Gifford.
since that time

is
In
1792 a
that
its
nail-factory
was advertised
as
having been
been carried on by different .members of the family, and
started in the city by

is ail is
Higginsi Conklin, but this bare fact now known of it. There is no reasou to believe
(chiefly satinets) was com-
now known
as
that
business was extensive.
THE HUDSON FOUNDRY AND MACHINE-SHOP,

under the proprietorship of Gifford Brothers, at 31 Columbia street.
The manufacture of woolens

menced soon
and
after the close of the
War
of 1812-15.
Tills
The works cover about

all
three acres of ground,
business was carried on by various pensons at different times

in different locations in
and arc supplied with

found
| '
the fixtures and equipment usually
Hudson
for a
number of
years,
in
similar establishments.
They manufacture
in
is
agri-
but these attempts never met with any great degree of suecess. It was first put in operation in a building which
stood nearly in the rear of the present
site
cultural
eral.
implements, steam-engines, and machinery

turbine water-wheel
gen-
The Capron
also a specialty
of
of the Waldron
their manufacture.
House, and had been carried on
at that place for .sonic years,

fire
when
the establishment waS" destroyed by the
of Nov.
THE HUDSON IRON CO.MPANY

I
16, 1S25.
We
are
somewhat
in
doubt
as to the pioprietor-
'
was organized
in
1848, under the general
manufacturers'

law, as a stock company, with
NEW
YORK.
&
Co.,
If.T
8175,000
it
capital,
which, at
to
by L. C. Winslow
and run by them
till
Dec.
1,
different times, has been increased until
now amounts
1863, when John A. Griswold
&
Co.,
having purchased a
375,375.
Tlic works were originally designed by Charles C. Alger.
majority of the stock, leased the works of the Columbia
Iron Company, and ran them in connection with their works
The
ford,
6rst
trustees
were Alexander C. Mitchell, Elihu GifAlger, Charles McArthur, and Samuel

first
;
Charles C.
Green, and at their
meeting Alexander
C.
Mitchell
trea-
March 1, 1874, the works were purchased by the Albany & Rensselaer Iron and Steel Company, who are the present owners. Of this company Erastus Corning is
in Troy.
was elected president

surer.
Sidney Seymour, secretary and

in
president
Chester
Griswold, vice-president
;
Selden
E.
The works were commenced

The
1850, and finished
Marvin, secretary and treasurer
James E. Walker, general

brought by
rail
in 1851, the first blast being put

latter year.
on November 28 of the
manager;
J.
M.
Pearson, superintendent.
is
buildings altogether cover about two acres

river, near
The
ore used at this furnace
from
of ground, and are conveniently located on the

the tracks of the
railroad,
various points, principally in Clinton and Dutchess counties,
New York
erected
Central and
Hudson River
by
rail
affording excellent shipping
facilities
or
and about 23,000 tons are annually consumed, making 10,000 tons of pig-iron of a prime quality, ail of which is
shipped to Troy, and used at the " Bessemer Steel-Works"
of the company located
in
boat.
The company
two stacks or furnaces, each
fifteen feet in
diameter at the boshes, and forty-seven feet
that city
20,000 tons of coal
high, the blast being furnished by a vertical condensing
and 6000 tons of limestone are
also used yearly.
steam-engine of nearly four hundred horse-power.
One
hundred men are employed about the works, and 45,000

tons of ore, 35,000 tons of anthracite coal, and 12,000 tons
THE CLAPP & JONES MANUFACTUKINQ COMPANY

was organized Dec. 15, 1869, and incorporated on the 27th It is a stock company, with a paid-up of the same month.
cash capital of 8100,000, and
is
of limestone are annually consumed, producing 22,000 tons of pig-iron.
engaged
in
the maimfacture
The company own an extensive and valuable ore-bed, located at West Stockbridge, Mass., called tlie " C. Lee
Ore-bed," from which they obtain the hematitic ore used at
their works.
of the celebrated " Champion Steam Fire-Engine," which

has attained a high reputation, and has repeatedly taken the
first
premium
is
at the fairs
where
it
has been exhibited.
The
The magnetic
ore used
is
brought from Lake
invention
covered by letters patent, and, improvements
Chaniplain.
are being constantly
made.
is
Mr. M. R. Clapp,
to
whose
In the construction of these works the furnaces wore

originally set
genius the invention
due, has been the superintendent of
upon
piles in
the South bay.
The company
filling
the works from the commencement.

this engine
The manufacture of
in
purchased about ninety acres of the bay, and, by
in
re-
was begun
in
New
York,
186G, and this place
with the debris and cinders from the furnaces, have
was selected
for the location of the shop
when,
in
it
view of
claimed some ten or twelve acres, on which other manufactories
the popularity and increased

necessary to increase the
demand
for
them,
became
have since been erected.

president of the
is
facilities
for their
manufacture.
The
company
Jacob
for several years past,
and
and
The shop
first
is
located near the river, on lands reclaimed from
at the present time,
W.
Hoysradt,
who
has also
the South bay, and was built in the spring of 1870, the engine being finished
in
been the general agent since

treasurer
is
1864.
The
secretary
June of
that year.
The works
the
Sidney Seymour, who has held those
offices
employ about one hundred men, and possess

ing
trucks, hose-carts, etc.
facilities for
continuously since the organization,

nine
yeai-s.
period of twenty-
manufacture of forty engines per year, with their accompany-
thirty-horse steam-engine
furnishes the motive-power.
All the work, even to

is
making
HUNT
i miller's STOVE- FOUNDRY

in
the brass castings for the engines,
done
at this shop.
was originated by Charles Mc-\rthur, and has been

operation
for
Average wages
paid,
two dollars and twenty-five cents.
many
years.
Under
his
management
his
the
Upon
was
the org-.inization of the company, Jacob
W. Hoysradt
M. R.
the
business rapidly incrca.sed and the reputation of the works
elected president; S. R. Rainey, .secretary; and

Tlie.se
became
thoroughly established.
Upon
It
decease
the
Clapp, superintendent.
gentlemen
still
hold
foundry became the property of Messrs.

Co.,
Hum, Holmes &

subse(|uently be-
same
positions in the
company.
who maintained
its
reputation.
came the property of the present owners, Messrs. Hunt

Miller.
&
THE PHILIPS SPIRAL COllN-UUSKER COMP.\NY

was incorporated January 23, 1871, with
8100,000
;
the
The foundry is .situated on Water Hudson River Railroad depot.
street, opposite
capital
fifty
of
the
life
of the corporation to be
years.
There were thirteen corporators, of
whom
Allen Rossman,
THE COLCMBIA COUNTY IRON CO.MPANY

was incorporated under the general
as
statute,
Peter Philips, David Crapser, Peter S. Pulver, Tobias
New,
first
July 20, 1857,

sharas of
Leonard
Miller,
and Ren.sselacr Reynolds formed the

George B. Fail
field is
a stock
company, with 8750,000
capital, in
board of trustees.
dent, and
C.
the present presi-
8100 each. There were fifty-one stockholders. The furnace was erected on Water street, near
and the
first
H. Jlalleson secretary and treasurer of the
the river,
company.
blast
was made
in
December, 1858.
This
company continued
lay idle
till
to run the furnace until the latter part

is
THE HUDSON PAPER CAR-WHEEL COMPANY

the successor of the " American Paper Car-Wheel
of June, 1859, when they stopped work, and the furnace

April, 1861.
Manu-
At
that time
it
was again started.
facturing
Company," which was incorporated
in
the year

IGS

to
NEW
YORK.
is
1S73, with a capital of 850,000,
engage
ia the
manufacerected
ready
sale.
The motive-power
fine
furnished by a steamis
ture of car-wheels under the Allen patent.

a brick building two stories high, the
is
They
engine of forty-five horse-power.
The water used

is
brought
main part of which

fifty feet
through pipes from a

distant.
spring about a quarter of a mile
forty feet wide
and one hundred and
long, with
also, in
The annual product
about 50,000 barrels of
wing containing the engine and drying rooms, and

fifty
" Evans' Ale," in the manufacture of which 100,000 bushels
the rear of this, a foundry
by sixty
feet in size.
of barley and 150,000 pounds of hops are consumed, and
steam-engine of forty horse-power, a hydraulic press, lathes,

drills, etc.,
about
fifty
men
are
employed
in the
work.
were put
is
in to
fit
the shop for use.
All this
In addition to the malt-house at the brewery, the com-
machinery
manship.
of the best quality and most finished work-
pany has another large one on State

of 30,000 bushels
;
street,
with a capacity
in these
and besides the malt produced
In 1877 the company was reorganized under the

the "
title
of
two houses, they purchase large quantities of grain malted

ready for use.
ing
officers,
Hudson Paper Car-Wheel Company," with the followwho still hold their respective positions, viz.,
Gillette, president
;
Under the State

and
street malt-house
is
an extensive cellar
John E.
F. F. Folger, vice-president
;
sub-cellar, with massive brick
and stone arches, and
R. N. Allen, superintendent
Peter Miller, secretary.

durable, yet
furnishing ample room for the storing of GOOO barrels.
The importance
light
of securing a strong and
The company
York, which
also
owns a
store at
127 Hudson
street.
New
and economical car-wheel has always been realized by

first
is five
stories high,
and furnished with a large
competent railroad managers from the

the present system of transportation.
iron wheel
is
introduction of
chilled
cellar for storing ale
during the hot season.

first
The common
This business was
established by George Robinson,
objectionable both because of

limited service.
fillings
its liability to
about 1820-22, and was conducted by him until 1856,
break and
steel
tire
its
number of wheels with

Mr.
11.
when
it
was sold
to
Robert
W.
Evans, the father of the
and various
have been invented, but
all
present head of the firm.
In 1868, Mr. Phipp-i purchased
liavc
proved more or
less defective.
N. Allen, hav-
an interest in the business, forming the firm of Phipps
&
ing given the subject his attention, was impressed with the
idea that paper
that
Evans, who ran the brewery until 1873, when the firm
again changed, and became as at present.
wonderfully adaptable substance
could be made to give body, elasticity, and strength to carwheels.
He
therefore, after demonstrating the truth of his

tests,
WATEEBUKY
was
also started
&.
PEABODr'S BREWERY
theory by experimental
patented the paper ear-wheel.

es.scntial
by George Robinson, and probably several
That these wheels combine the

-.^
fff
elements has been

sleep-
years before that of Evans
practically demonstrated
by their use under Pullman
ing
and
hotel-cars
between
Chicago and other western

first
'^
"'
cities
and
New
York.
These
wheels in use made a
milease of three hundred thou.sand miles.
As now manutire,
& Co. The owners succeeding him have been Benjamin R. Millard, Millard & Barnard, Millard & Waterbury, Waterbury & Martin, and Waterbury & Peabody, the present proprietors. The building, which is one hundred and twenty by one hundred and fifty feet in
on North Second
street.
;'
factured the wheel consists of three parts: a steel
size, is situated
Its
power
is
furfif-
paper body or
or body
is
filling,
and a
ca.st-iron
hub.
The paper
disk
nished by a twenty-five horse-power steam-engine, and

teen
built
up of successive
layers of straw-board, pasted
men
are employed in the manufacture of the ale
known
together, and then pressed
into a hard
mass, resembling
fit
as " Present Use," of
which about 16,000

were among the
first
barrels are pro-
wood, which
is
thoroughly dried, turned to
accurately
duced annually.
the tire and hub, rendered water-proof by painting, and then
Brewing and
indu.stries
line
distilling
earliest of the
with the other parts forced together under hydraulic pressure.
of Hudson, and the
establishments in this
The
disk
is
then inclosed between two wrought-iron
have already been mentioned on another page.
plates held
together by two circles of bolts, one passing
through the flange of the hub, and the other through a

flange or firmly
traver's sash, blind, and door factory

is
web on the inner circumference of the tire, thus securing all the parts. The works now employ thirty
railway, of
located
on the corner of North Fourth and Diamond

is
streets,
and
owned by William
first
I.
I.
and William H. Traver,

Traver
hands, and turn out about ten wheels per day.
under the firm-name of William York,

is
&
Son.
The Metropolitan Elevated
New
The
in
business was
I.
started as a carriage-shop, in 1842,
entirely equipped with these wheels, and
many
of the im-
by William
Traver.
in
In 1851
he opened a lumber-yard
the
portant railroads of the country are using them to some

extent.
C. H.
is
connection, and
1863
built
present shop,
and
is
entered upon the present business.
The motive-power
is
EVANS
i CO.'S
BREWERY
It is
an
eighty-horse
engine.
Connected with the shop
located on Mill street, near
North bay, and the buildings

under the per-
drying-house, of c_âcity for drying 25,000 feet of lumber

at once.
cover an area of about three acres.

sonal
management of Mr. Evans, and no pains are spared to make the product of this brewery rank with the best in the country. By means of improved machinery, improved
employment of
skillful
and,
to
The firm employ from thirty-five to fifty hands, when putting in their annual stock of from 850,000
to
875,000 worth of lumber, they furnish temporary em-
ployment
many
others.
processes of malting and brewing, care in selecting the best
barley and hops, and by the
and
is
I
herbs' tobacco-factory
situated on Prospect avenue, near
experienced hands, an ale has been produced that has be-
Warren
street.
The
come exceedingly
popular, and meets with an extended and
business was
commenced by the
present proprietors, Messrs.
'
I'hoto.
by
F.
Forshew, Hudson.
HON. CHARLES
Charles L. Beale was born on the 5th of March, 1S24, in the town His paternsl ancestors, of Canaan, Columbia county, New York. consisting, of two brothers by the name of Beale, came originally from England one of them settled in western Massachusetts, whence he subsequently remored to Connecticut; the other in Westmoreland He county, Virginia, at a place named Bealeton, after the family. became the head of the Beale family of the south, and the ancestor of General Beale, who, while lieutenant, became noted a? an explorer in connection with the United States survey, and owned extensive tracts of land in California. General Beale was late minister plenipotentiary to the court of Vienna. Captain Lewis Beale, the paternal grandfather of Charles L. Beale. was a resident of Danbury, Connecticut, where his ancestors had settled in the early days of that colony. He served as captain in the Revolutionary war, and General AVooster, who was shot during
;
L.
BEALE.
Governor Tryon's retreat from Danbury, fell from his horse into his arms. He removed to the State of New York, and settled at North East, in Dutchess county, in 1794. At this place Chester Beale, the father of Charles L. Beale, was bom, in 1796, whence he removed to Austerlitz, Columbia countv. in 1804, being eight vears of age. He graduated at Union College'in 1815, studied law with Elisha Williams in the city of Hudson, was admitted to practice in 1818, and married the same year. AVhile in college he held the military rank of captain. Before his graduation he was drafted to serve in the War of 1S12-14, and with the militia marched in the expedition to Sackel's Harbor. Ho returned and finished his college course, graduating in 1815. He
marricdClarissa Wain Wright, of Great Barrington, Massachusetts, who was a cousin of Rt. Rev. Jonathan Wainwright, formerly bishop of the diocese of New York, and reared a familv of four children, of whom Charles L. Beale was the third. Three of them only survive at this writing, viz., Charles L.. Sidney C, and Frances L., a maiden sister. Charles L. Beale .vas brought up on a farm in the town of Canaan, and fitted for college under Captain Ashley, a graduate of West Point, who, after serving in the army and being promoted, became principal of an academy in Can.aan. He was a thorough teacher and of excellent character, whose system of educating boys was derived from the method pursued at West Point. With this preparation he entered the junior class of Union College in September, 1S42, and graduated in Julv. 1844. He immediately commenced the ?tudy of law in the office of Toby i Reynolds, at Kinderhook, and was admitted to practice in September. 1849. Entering up- n his practice in Canaan, Columbia county, New York, where he remained till 18.i2, ho removed thence to Kinderhook, and formed a copartnership with the late David Van Schaack. with whom he remained in practice till May, 1866. He then removed his office to ihe -ty of Hudson, and associated with him in professional business .dark Duntz, his present partner. Mr. Beale was married at Kinderhook. on the 16th of August, 1355, to Mrs. Catharine Baldwin, widowed iiaughter of Asaph Wilder, Esq., of Kinderhook. In his political affiliations he was formerly a Democrat, but since 1855 he has been either Independent or Republican in his preferences, being an earnest politician, and for a portion of his life an unusually effective campaign speaker.
In 1855 he ran as an independent candidate for county judge, and creditable campaign, being defeated by only a few votes Democratic nominee. In 1858 he was nominate ticket for Congress, and was elected by about hundred majority. He served in the Thirtythe 4th of March, 1861, during that exciting period when treason was rampant at the national capital, and southern States seceding from the Union. After his return, in the summer of 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the Ninety-third Regiment of New York Volunteers, but on account of ill health was incapacitated for taking the field. In 1864 he was chosen presidential elector, and cast his vote for Mr. Lincoln for his second term of the presidency. In May, 1867, he was appointed register in bankruptcy, which position he holds at the present time. The great affliction of his life fell upon him in 1871, in the loss of his beloved wife, who left three children for him to rear without the care and companionship of a mother. He has one son, an undergraduate at Harvard University, and two daughters, the elder of whom is a graduate of St. Agnes Diocesan School, at Albany, and the younger a pupil in the same institution. As an advocate, Mr. Beale justly holds a very high place. His learning, knowledge of history, law, and politics, his remarkable command of language, and his earnest, animated gestures, all conspire to render him one of the most eloquent speakers at the bar, especially when some great occasion calls forth alt his powers as an oraror. Alany such important occasions have occurred during his professional career, when he has been retained as counsel in difficult and noted cas-s, ûch, for e.\ .mplc, as the trial of Ruloff for murder, He was in this cause senior counsel for at Bingharaton, 'n 1871.
made a very
by Judge Peek, the on the Republican two thousand five sixth Congress till
The reporter of the trial says: the defense. " Mr. Beale came into the Ruloff case at a late hour, and contributed, with his great ability, all that could possibly be done to stem the tide of conviction which settled so fast and so surely around His effort was the brave, forlorn hope of the his unfortunate client. mariner at sea, in a leaky vessel, with the night and the tempest Long will every soul in that court-room, closing around him. crowded almost t> suffocation, remember the closing appeal of Mr. Bcale to the jury in this case, when for four mortal hours he stood up there and held the court, the jury, and vast audience spcll-bound. It was only equaled, it as it were, with his magnetic eloquence. It carried us back was never excelled, by Serjeant S. Prentiss. to the halcvon days of that superb orator, during 'the flush times A man of fair abilities can, with great industry, of Mississippi.' make himself a good lawyer, but true, genuine eloquence must be born in him; he cannot acquire it, and nature is not lavish in her
gifts."
Those best acquainted with the character and reputation of Mr. Beale as a forensic orator and advocate, will not regard the above extract as exiravagant, but will consider the statement as a fair illustration, out of many others that might be given, of his well-known abilities as a public speaker.
HISTORY OF COLT'MBTA COUNTY,

F.
it
NEW YORK.
in
1G9
M. Herbs &
in
Bro.,
in
the
summer of 1875.
year,
Their
Captain Paddock died

profitable,
1823, but the business being
factory building (forty
by
fifty feet,
and four stories high)
was continued.
was commenced
fitted
1,
August of that
and was completed,
the hands of Captain
management was chiefly in John Power,* though Samuel ColeIts
with machinery, and occupied by the business
May
The
man was
a principal owner.
Seven years
after
Captain
1876.
The power
is
is
a fifteen-horse steam-engine.
in
Paddock's death the business was merged
in that of the
in
raw tobacco
brought from Kentucky

to
hogsheads holdeach, and about

Tlie
Hudson Tow-boat Company, which was formed

with Captain Power as their agent and manager,
position he continued until 1836.
1830,
ing from 1200 pounds
2000 pounds
in
which
seventy-five of these furnish a year's supply of stock.
annual sales amount to about 120,000
pounds, and the
The
lator."
first
steamboat of the company was the " Legis4,
revenue paid to the government
is
about S3000 per month.
In the Rural ReposUovy of June
1S3I,
is
found
The company
in the rear of
also
own
is
a store at No.
338 Warren
street,
an allusion to the company and their business as follows

"
which
to
their cigar-factory,
which turns out
tow-boat company has been formed for the purpose of
froao
is
85,000
90,000 cigars each month.
Employment
carrying the produce of the country to
New
York, and
furnished to about thirty-five
men and
boys.
merchandise from thence
to this city
and country.
The
THE HtTDSON KNITTING-.MILL

was established about 1872, by George B. McCready, at Here he entered the corner of Water and Ferry streets. upon the manufacture of knit goods of all descriptions. In 1875 he sold to N. T. Kane, who, in October, 1877, sold
to J. E.
is
company own a powerful steamboat, and two barges| of

three hundred tons each, fitted up in good style for pas.sengera as well as freight.
These boats alternately leave Hud-
son and
New York
once a week, and perform the distance
of one hundred and thirty miles
in fourteen hours." In 1833 the company advertised that the " Legislator"
McLaughlin
is
&
Co., the present owners.
The
two
mill
sets
would make tri-weekly

No.
1,
trips to
New
York, and that Barge

2,
what
known
as a " two-set
mill," containing
Captain Peter G. Coffin, and Barge No.

T.
Captain
in
of cards, and other machinery in proportion.

used
is
The power
John
Haviland, Jr., would
make weekly
trips
her
furnished by a twelve horse-power steaiu-engine,
tow; and that " the barges
will at all in
'
times be open for the
and the business employs from thirty to thirty-five hands, the annual product amounting to from $40,000 to 850,000.
accommodation of boarders
New
York, as heretofore.
Towing
will
be taken by the
Legislator' if required."
At
the end of three years the
company declared
a dividend of
Clark's cloth ing-factory,

an establishment whose business was the manufacture of
clothing for the southern (particularly the
ninety per cent., and two years later a second dividend of

thirty per cent.
New
Orleans)
Coal was
first
burned on
this line
in or
about the year
market, was in very successful operation, at the southeast

corner of Warren and Fourth streets, about twenty years
ago. It
1835, the
first
furnace and blower adapted to the use of
this fuel on steamboats
being the invention of Daniel Dun-
In the year 1858
its
business amounted to $130,000.
bar, of
Hudson.
was extinguished by the
War
of the Rebellion.
In 1836 the business passed into the hands of Jeremiah

called the " Hudson and New York Daily Steam Transportation Line," which, in the
THE HUDSON OAS CO.MPANY

was organized
of $50,000.
in
Bame, and under him was
1850
as a stock
company, with a
capital
and
in the fall
gas for
The works were commenced immediately, of the same year the company furnished The fii-st stocklighting the streets of Hudson.
season of 1837, ran the barges No.
1,
Captain P. G. Coffin
3,
No.
2,
;
Captain Henry Hiller; and No.
Captain E. D. New-
bery
with the steamboats " Legislator," Captain
Thomas
T.
holders were 0. Bronson, president; J.

retary, treasurer,
W.
P. Newbery, and " General Jackson," Captain

land.
John
Havi;
Fairfield, sec-
and superintendent
;
George H. Power,
and Charles Roorae
all
of
whom
;
were directors.
The
named did no towing either up or down the " Legislator towed one barge down on Tuesday and one on Friday, and brought two up on the Saturday trip. The
The
last
'
present board of directors are Charles H. Stott, president
steamboat " Rockland," Captain William Allen,
also ran in
Jacob W. Hoysradt, vice-president

secretary,
treasurer,
George B.
Fairfield,
and superintendent; Samuel T.
Du
Bois, Charles Roouie, Willard Bronson.
Cuptain John Power, the
fillhcr of
George H.
an. I
William
II.
Water street, near those of the Columbia County Iron Company) have a capacity sufficient The capital of to supply a population of fifteen thou.sand.
The works
Power, coniuicnce.l boating on the Ilu.lson river as early as ISO! or

130.5.
(located on
A few years afterwarja
he became the senior

Sl
member
of Ibe
freighting firm of Power. Livingston
Co. (the others being Moncrief
Livingston, Peter Ostrander, and
Uinghatn),
of IS12-13.
who were
aetively
the
company remains unchanged
since the organization.
engaged
of the
in
basincss doring the
War
to
Uc was
the
owner
i.lcntihi..<
first
steamboat belonging
lS2t or 1825.
Iludion.
This was the " Bolivar,"
put on
in
For
many years Captain Power was

and
i)ublic-spiritcd citizen.
.<TEA.\IBOAT CU.MPANIES.
lied
life
with the transportation business at Hudson, and throughout
NEW YORK AND HUDSON

This company
lished in
is
STEAMBO.\T CO.MP.\NY.
the lineal successor of the firm estabfor the
ISIS by Captain Judah Paddock,
purpose
**ere Hrst employed in the transportation business at t Hudson bvfore the formition of tlic low-boat company by a c.impany composed of Samuel Plumb. Oliver Wiswall, Aimer irammnnd, and
was .an Barges
active, enterprising,
of doing a general freighting business between
Hudson and
New
after
York.
The
business of this firm was done wholly by
sailing-vessels, for at that
time and for several years thereat the
Rui'us Heed. Their barges were built in Iluilson, on the South bay. They were vessels of about three hundred tuns, and were towed to and from New York by the Albany steamboats. The tow-boat company, upon its organization, purchased Ihe barges of .Messrs. Plumb,
no steamer had been owned
port of Hudson.
Hammond.
Wiswall, .ind Reed, an
they re!ired from the business.
"
"
170

tliat
NEW
YORK.
six
the transportation line during

b_v
season, being advertised
and the " Redfield," both propellers of between and seven hundred tons burden.
daily in
hundred
Mr. Banje
.
to
make
daily trips between
Hudson and
These steamers are run

and ticket
Ailianj'.*
connection with the Boston and Albany railroad,

bill
The
successors of Mr.
Bame
were Messrs. Hubbel. Clark
and the steamboat company

gers,
freight,
pas.sen-
&
to
Cot,
who were
proprietors of the line from about
1842
from
New York
to all points
on that road.
The comfirst
1850, and were succeeded by Haviland, Clark

In January, 1868, the line and
its
&
Co.
pany's
office
and warehouse are located at the

ferry-slip.
pier
business passed into
south of the
the hands of George H. Power,
who bought
of Petor Boit,
gardus the docks and buildings pertaining to

possession on the 1st of February.
taking
CATSKILL AND ALBANY STEAMBOAT CO.MPANY.

This transportation
line,
On
the night of Feb-
line
was
for
first
established as a sloop
ruary 3
fire
broke out
in
a building used as a vinegar-
and carried on business

steamboat used
till
many
years prior to 1838,
factory, standing on the corner of
Water and Ferry
streets,
tlie
about which time Captain William Allen introduced the

first
and that building, with the
office
and warehouse of
in
connection with
it.
He
continued
company, and their contents, were entirely destroyed.
Mr.
to operate it
1842, when he sold to Captain James

Peter G. Coffin,
&.
Power then conceived

against
fire
the
ide:i
of securing greater safety
Burns.
In 1844, Burns sold to Captain
by using sheet-iion as an outer covering, and

in
who,
in
1846, disposed of
it
to Coffin,
Holmes
Co.
In
immediately erected such a warehouse
place of the one

first
1858 a new partnership, under the name of Power, Holmes
which had been destroyed.

warehouse on the
river,
This was the

for
iron-clad
&
Co
was formed, and existed
till
1860.
Then Power,
it
and was ready
occupancy upon
Martin
&
Co.
owned the
.stock
line
until
1863, when
was
to
the opening of navigation.
The
business was conducted in
organized as a
company, under the general law
Mr. Power's name, though
jNIessrs.
Reed
&
Powell, of
regulate the formation of companies to navigate the waters
Coxsackie, were interested with him from 18G8 to 1872,
of the State, with 80,000 capital, in shares of 3100 each.
and were owners of the

boats of the
boat.
line,
" Redfield,"
tlie
which was one of the

"
The
son
corporators,
who were
also the first board of directors,
the other being
Nuhpa," then a new
were George H. Power and Stephen L. Magoun, of Hud;
Milton
;
Martin, of Claverack
John
P.
Acker, of
The company was

B. Fairfield.
ilton
reorganized and incorporated Jan. 12,
Stuyvesant
and Henry Lansing, of Albany.
The
act of
1872, with a capital of 150,000.
The
president
to
is
George
run
incorporation took effect April 13, 1863.
In 1874 the line was leased
D.
is
M. Hamstill
The
lows,
steamers used by this line have been named as

viz.,
fol-
and Reed
&
Powell, of Coxsackie, and
it
" Advocate,"
" Hope,"
"
Shepherd Kiiapp,
by these gentlemen, with E. J. Hamilton
as superintendent.
its
" P. G. Coffin," and " City of

in
Hudson."
The
latter, built
A
The
large
number of
boats have run in this lino, under
1862, and rated

is
at six
hundred and
thirty-six tons bur-
different proprietors, since the days of the old " Legislator."
den,
trips
now
in
use by the company, running regular daily

to
"
Columbia" was
line in to
built
by Jeremiah Bame, and was

first trip
from Catakill
Albany and
return, landing at
all in-
put on the
June, 1841, making her
from
termediate points.
New York
hours
fiist
;
Hudson, under command of Captain Newin
bery (before of the " Legislator"),
eight and onc-r|uarter
thus establishing her reputation as an exceedingly
boat.
Afterwards, on several occasions, she raced with

other steamers.
company are John C. HogeJohn Clow, superintendent and treasurer John W. French, secretary John C. Hogeboom, John Clow, John W. French, and D. P. Hoffman, directors D.
The
present officers of the

;
boom, president
the " North America" and

field"
The
" Fair-
P. Hoffman, captain.
was run by Hubbel, Clark

fire
&
Co.,
and was charged
with having caused the great

her
smoke-stack.
of 1844, by sparks from
HUDSON AND ATHENS FERRY.
The
"
Oregon," owned by Haviland,

collision
in
On
the
13th of July, 1786, the

Folger,
Clark
&
Co.,
was sunk by
the
fall
of 1862.
this line,
The
was
" Knickerbocker," a boat

lost in
which had run on
Hudson appointed Benjamin Ezra Reed "a coinuiittee for

ferries.
'
common council of Thomas Jenkins, and
regulating the ferriesf within
government service during the

"
War
of the Realso
the limits and liberties of this city, and to rent the said
bellion.
The
South .\merica
'
and
" Connecticut"
At
this
time the guiiwaled boat, before mentioned,

until 17811,
entered (he service of the government at that time.

"
The
line
in
was
in use,
and so contiimcd
when
it
was suc-
Berkshire" was built
at at
Athens, and put on the
ceeded by two larger boats of a somewhat similar build, but

" double-endors,''
at either end.
1863, and was burned

that year.
Hyde Park
is
in
the
summer of
that
is,
adapted to the entrance of teams

the terms
portion of the hull was .saved, and upon this
The ferryman was compelled by

for service,
was built the " Nuhpa." which
now owned
in
'
The
"The
was
also
boats
now running
in
the line are the
New York. McManus

.McDuuj;!il.
of
liis
contract to keep these two scows in good working
order,
and both rjady

each
with a crew of four able

required to
men
steamboat 'Westchester," owned by
11.
.t
to
if necessary.
He was
make regu-
(i.
running regularly
to
New
lar trips
from
sutiri.se to sun-set (if
not prevented by stress
York, h.^viDg been
tir?t
put on
in
1S36.
Tlie sloops ".^hakc3|ic!ire,' " .tohn
of weather),
Hancock, "
iinil
making
a stop of fifteen
minutes at Lutienferry (or Ilullcnbeek

first
"
Jo>oph -Mar..r
shall" at that time fornie.l the Ilu.lson an.i
New Vurk
line
.Messrs.
t
to
Meaning
.John
the ferry at .\thens,
and ihe South

by
Hermance A
tion
to
.Mellen,
who
to
a.ivertiseii Ihat they hopc.l "
by
strict atten-
ferry), crossing the river near C'atskill.
This ferry was

liini
rented
their business
be able
to
satisfy
in
their friends
and the
U. Hollcnbeek, and was operated

In 17S.H he
for a
number of
to
|public generally that business

llie
can be June
the good old
way
for
years.
niulual bcneht of all."
keep the ferry,"
was granted a tavern license, " with perniission all for the sum ol two pounds eight shillings.

bur2;h,
NEW YORK.
171
and announcing his arrival there by a blast blown

conch or horn.
pointed by the council), and was completed and opened for the passage of boats in the following year.
upon
The
rates
which he might charge

as follows
>.
,1.
for ferriage
were established by authority
The
built
6
horse-boat which was put on the ferry in

at a cost of
1816 was
was com-
by William Johnson
S6000.
It
For every single person, except sucking child " .iny number more than one, each " erery man and horse, ox, cow
" "
'*
posed of two hulls placed several feet apart and decked

across, with the paddle-wheel
6
I
" " "
loaded wagon or cart barrel of rum, molasses, or sugar bushel of wheat or other grain
fifty
6 6 6
1
working between them.
The
horses (nine in number) traveled in a circle in a round-
house built
in the centre of the deck.
An
addition of
per cent, was allowed

to
when the
ferry-
man was compelled

low water.
go " round the
flatta"
on account of
The advent of siasm among the

dle
this boat
citizens,
was the occasion of great enthutrial-trip
but her
around the mid-
If the trip was
made
later
than half an hour
ground (the canal not being yet completed) was not an

;
after sunset, or before sunrise, double rates could be
charged
auspicious one
for,
although she carried Mayor Jenkins
and
in case
of neglect or evasion of payment, a penalty of
and several other

collision
city dignitaries, she
made
a most
awkward
thrice the
amount due could be enforced.

fitted
with a vessel whose skipper had incautiously ap-
One, or both, of these boats was

sail.
with mast and

in use until
proached too near the line of her apparent course.
These
auxiliaries
(which were continued
This boat continued

less
to ply
upon the route, with more or

;
1816) were of great advantage when the winds were favorable, and the ferryman and his assistants gladly availed themselves of their aid, for the scows were unwieldy affairs,
and the crossing was rather difficult,* especially when wind and tide opposed it. Mr. William H. Spencer, of Hudson,
recollects a time,
success, for
more than eight years

it is
but on Oct. 30,
1824, the council resolved " that

corporation to
sell
expedient for this

in
and dispose of their right
the Horse-
Boat between
committee "
this city
and Athens," and they appointed a

Horse-Boat on Alexander
Coffin's
to build a
during the
last
year of the old sailing-
plan at the expence of the corporation,"
and authorized the

predecessor,
scow's existence (April, 1815),
when a family who were
borrowing of S3000
This
for the purpose.
emigrating from Connecticut to Ohio took their wagon and

animals on board the boat at Hudson, bound for Athens,
against a west wind and an adverse tide.
It
was a smaller boat

six horses.
than
It
its
being
worked by only
was run until about 1830,

;
was early
in
when
it
was superseded by a boat propelled by steam

gave place
to the third horse boat.
but
the day
when they
set out,
but though the ferryman
dili-
this appears to
have proved unsatisfactory, and at the ead

This
gently " stood off and on" during the long hours of the
afternoon, with an eye constantly on his port of destination,
of about
also
five years
used six horses, but they worked on the treadmill prinin
they never reached
it
until after
the sun
had
set.
This
similar
ciple instead of the circular path, as
the earlier boat?
was an extreme case of delay, but frequently, under

circumstances, the passage across the river
For some years

Nichols.
th'ia
boat was operated by Captain Sylvester
by this convey-
ance was found to be a most tedious one.
In 1858, William H. Morton and Nathan C. Edmonds,

ship-builders, constructed for this ferry the boat " J.
The
project of a canal through the flats between the city

to be agitated
U.
feet
and Athens began
about 1800, and in Febresolved " that the Re-
Waterman,"
eighty-five
feet
in
length,
twenty-four
ruary, 1803, the council of
Hudson
beam, drawing eight
feet of water,
and worked by an engine
corder and Mr. Dakin be a committee to confer with the
People on the other side of the River respecting a Cannall
The same of twenty-eight-inch cylinder and six-foot stroke. engine propels the present ferry-boat, the " George H.
Power," owned by George H. Power, Esq., of Hudson, who
has been the lessee of the ferry since February, 1872.
through the middle Ground."
On May
7, in the
same
year,
they passed a resolution " that Mr. Power be a committee to

superintend the cutting a cannall through the
able to the proposition of
flatt,
agree-
The
first
captain on the ferry line was Captain
Burtis.
Timothy Bunker,
for
which said
again, on
" that the
Others have been Captains Wandell, James Burns, Sylvester

.Nichols, H. Seeley,
Bunker June 9,
is
to
pay one-half the expence."
And
Waring, and Isaiah
Coffin.
180-1, a resolution passed the
same body
Recorder and Mr. Power be a committee
to agree
with
The old " canal through the flats" has been abandoned it being found too expensive to keep it for many years
;
Timothy Bunker
legislature, passed
for
making half of the Canal

to
or
Channel
clear of the large quantities of sediment
deposited in
it
through the Middle Ground, agreeable

the 7th of April hist."
the act of the
during the season of

of the ferry boats
is
ice
and
floods.
Therefore the route
now round
all
the southern end of the
But notwithstanding those

portant movements
resolutions,
and some unim-
" middle ground" at
stages of water.
work,
it
was not
carnestl}'
of the horse-boat in
orously")'
made towards the performance of the commenced until the putting on 1S16. Then the work proceeded vigWiswall,
I
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
The
file,
people of Hudson, from the time of the
first settie-
under the superintendence of Oliver

Paddock, and
ment, exercisdl groat caution to
prevent the spread of
Judah
'
Robert Jenkins (a committee ap-
and willingly carried out the measures adopted by the

Immediately after the organizait
authorities to that end.
On
the
2Hh
..f
August, lsn9, Dr. .lohn .Milton
Mann
lost his
tion of the city

f
government,
was ordained by the council
life
by being knocked overboard from one of those boat?, (he acciis .<aid,
dent being duo, as
to
the clumsy. luauagL'mcnt of
some part
a lot-
of the sailing gear.
t The funds
fur the
work were .supplied by Iho proceeds of
1785) that there be appointed certain persons " to be viewers of Chymiiies, Hearth, and places where Ashes are or shall be kept, who shall view and inspect the same
July
5,
tery aulhurizcd fur that purpose.
once
in
every Fortnight,
'
and that any person who
per-
172

want of sweeping should
requiring the owner or
raitted his cliiraney to take fire for

forfeit the
by which body the

stituted, as follows
first fire
companies of Hudson were con-
sum of
forty sliillings for the neglect.
An
ordinance was also passed
"
Firemen appointed \Âpril 17, 179-1]
to aiiperinlend
tenant of every house to furnish leather buckets, marked
the Fire-Engine
Number
One.
John
Kemper, Jonathan
Nathan Sears,
with the owner's

in
initials, to
be kept hanging conspicuously

for use in the
Purington, Seth
Jones, Walter
John.son,
view near the front door,

fire.
extinguishment
Phineas Hoyt, Isaac Dayton, Christopher Hoxie, James
of
If these were furnished by a tenant, he was author-
Morgan,
Silas
Rand, Elisha Foot, Cornelius Tobey, Thomas

Robert Taylor, Abner
appointed
ized
to
deduct their cost from the amount of his rent.

fire-places
Manchester,
" Firemen Fire- Engine
ston,
Hammond, Alpheus
1794]
to
Houses having three

buckets.
gallons,
wore required
to
have two
Smith, Shubael Hoskins. Peter Truman, Joshua Tobey.

[jVc!).
buckets, and those with
The
capacity of the buckets
more than three fire-places, three must be at least two
10,
superintend
Number
Two.
Peleg
Thurston, Cotton Gel-
and of those kept by innkeepers, brewers, and bakers,

of
John H. Dayton, Laban Paddock, Zachariah Seymour,

Arthur McArthur, Samuel Mans-
at least three gallons.
Robert Jenkins, Erastus Pratt, James Mooklar. John Wallines
In
ca.se
fire,
two
of persons were formed, extend-
grovo, Amiel Jenkins,

field,
ing (if po.ssible) from the burning building to the water.
Wm.
Jenkins, James Hyatt, William Ashley, Joseph
Along one of
hand
other
to
line,
the.se lines
the
full
buckets were passed from

returned by the
Burrel, Samuel Lawrence, Benjamin Allen."
hand, and when emptied were
By some
turer, the
unexplained delay on the part of the manufacengine, although

first
which
in cases
of emergency was sometimes made
Cady
contnicted
for,
was
the
up of women and boys.
not completed until some months after the time agreed on,
When
airaitist
the citizens' night-watch was formed, in 1788, a

its
and
in
consequence received the
Number Two
while
in
chief object of
organization was declared to be " to guard
mean time the other company, moving with more

had their engine
number.
first
celeritv,
the ruinous effects of fires."
accepted, and received the superior
THE FIRST FIRE

in
It "
was by the council
Hudson occurred
in
the year 1793, the property destroyed

office
being a book-store and the
of the Iludsmi Guzette,
Thnt two Houses be erected over the two Wells on and in the Main street fctr the Reception of fireGnglncs, and that the said WelU be inado convenient for the supply of Water."
ltee<tlce<l,
that in Second street
both owned by Ashbel Stoddard.

gines, nor
There were then no enin
any organization of firemen was led

to rage
the city, and,
A
or
short time afterwards the house which had been built
still
worse, no available supply of water.
Under
these circum-
stances the
fire
without check, and almost

it.
commenced over the Main street well was ordered removed " to the corner lot of the late Justus Van Hocsen,
and that the committee cause a
sufficient covering to
without an attempt to subdue

the night was calm and
still,
Fortunately, however,
be
and the flames did not spread

the
made
for the other

"
Engine on some part of the Market

later a
beyond the
This
fire
premi.ses on
which they originated.

to
Square.
Three years
new engine-house was ordered
was a sharp warning
to be built
on the Market square, under superintendence of
inhabitants of
Hudson, and was the immediate cause of the first organizaA petition was at once prepared, tion of afire department.
and was presented
to
Paul Dakin and John Kemper.
July 22, 1794,

**
it
was by the council ordained,

from time
to time, be
the Legislature at
fire
its
next session,
That
so
many
it
flroinen shall,
appointed as
rc|)air
asking that the power to organize
companies and ap-
the
Common
Council shall deem proper, and shall be called lire-warshall be. iiumc.liatcly shall he,
dens, whose duty

to the place
on notice of
to
lire,
t.i
point firemen be conferred on the mayor, recorder, and com-
where
it
and
to direct the inhabit<ants in
forming
monalty of Hudson, and an act conferring such
powers
themselves into ranks for handing the buckets

giaes with water,
corder, or any
supply (he tire-rn-
was passed March 19, 1794.

currence of disaster by
Meanwhile,
to
in
November,
re-
under
the direction, however, of the .Mayor, Reif present and comply with the directions of the
:
Alderman
or .Assistant of the said City,
1793, a number of citizens anxious

fire,
guard against a
the Citizens are hereby enjoined to
and believing that longer delay
fire-wardens upon such occasions; and
it
is
e.\pectcd that
all
other
would be foolhardincss, headed and circulated a subscription

paper for the purpose of purchasing a fire-engine.
neces.sary
persoris will hereafter refrain from giving
The
upon those
occa.'ions,
any orders or directions and cheerfully obey such as shall be given by

.\nd in order that the .Magistires,
the perscjns authorized for ihc purpose.
amount being obtained, and the matter
laid before
trates an. I lire
the council, that body appointed Labaii
I'addock, Robert
the .Mayor, Recorder, .\ldermcn,

tliosc occasions, a
Wardens may be more rea.lily distingui-hdl at and .Assistants .hall each have.
while
up.,.i
Jenkins, and Krastus Pratt a couimittcu to purchase the
Wand
of at least five feet in length, with a

lire
machine.
These proceeded
to
the duty a'signed
tliciii,
and
guilded flame at the Top: ami each of the

all
those occasions, carry in his hand a Speaking
Wanlens siiall, upon Trumpet painted

.if
Contracted with Benjamin Cady. for the
sum of one hundred
white, to be used as occasion

shall, within
tliree
ii.onlh.^
may
all
require; and each of the tircmen

this ordinance,
.pounds, to furnish within the period of three months a four-
from the publication

shall forfeit shall
pump
.auction
engine of one luindied and eighty gallons'

tliree
provi.le
himself with, and upon

the
occasions shall wear, a Leather
capacity,
and capable of throwing water a distance of

feet.
Cap with
of
si.v
.
crown [minted while, or shillings for every month he

. .
and
to
p.iy the
sum
neglect
provide the
the buckets
hundred
same.
.And the Chief Engineer or overseer of the engines shall,
Public interest Jiaving
now become aroused, and probably

for the
as .-oon as
may
be after iniy
(ire is
extinguishe.i, cause
all
.=omething of a feeling of emulation awakened, funds were
to be collected
and
carrie.l to the
Market-House
them.
.
in the sai.l City,

.
that
lire
soon raised
in a similar
manner
purchase of another
the Citizens m.ay

in
know where
it
to find
And
in
case of
to
the nigbt-tiiue,
is
hereby enj.jined on the Citizens

in
phiee
engine, and both these machines, though privately owned,
lighted Candles in the front wind.iws of their Houses,

the inhabitants
order that
were placed under the direction and control of the council,
may
pass thioogli the .Streets with greater S.ifefy."
i'hoto.
by
F.
Forshew, Hudson.
HON.
HARPER W. ROGERS.
marked with ability, impartiality, and active endeavors to promote the welfare of the city. He was urged to accept a renomination under the assurance that no opposing candidate would be run against him, but he declined the flattering honor upon business considerations. JIuch against his inclinations he gave way to the urgent solicitations of his party, and accepted the nomination for member of Assembly in 1876, after it had been given him by acclamation without his knowledge. He was elected by a majority of four hundred and nineteen in his district, and served one term with credit to himself and satisfaction to
all
at
Harper W. Rogers was born on the 28th of September, 1810, Queensborough, Warren Co., N. Y., where he resided on a farm till ten years of age. He then removed with his parents to Stockport, Columbia county. His ancestors were natives of Rhode Island and ranked among the most prominent of the early settlers. His grandfather, Samuel Rogers, was a Revolutionary soldier, and distinguished himself for bravery and patriotism throughout that His father, whose name was also Samuel, was in struggle. early life an extensive lumber merchant, but afterwards engaged in agricultural pursuits. He removed from Warren county to Saratoga in 1821, and thence, in 1829, to Stockport, Columbia county. Harper followed the occupation of a farmer till 1845, when he removed to the city of Hudson and engaged in mercantile business, about the same time purchasing an interest in the
paper-mill at Clavarack.
concerned.
Mr. Rogers is a man of more than ordinary intellectual endowments; an extensive reader and close thinker. He is cautious, possesses a remarkably practical cast of mind but firm and reliable in his judgments. In manners he is social, friendly, and urbane, and possesses a liberal and
;
His educational advantages in early life had been limited, but he possessed a natural aptitude for business. From boyhood he had been imbued with strict principles of honor, integrity, and industry; and with these as his sole capital he embarked in the pursuits of life. Both branches of his business above referred to prospered under his management, and gradually increased in extent and profit until he found it necessary to relinquish the mercantile branch, which he did in
generous nature.
associates.
Physically he
is
man
of
commanding
presence, and readily wins the confidence and respect of his
He has for many years been prominent in some of the most important public enterprises of his town and city, and has been a liberal supporter of all measures calculated to promote
the general welfare.
As
member and
trustee of the First Universalist Society
1867, and since then
has
been engaged exclusively in the
of Hudson, he has contributed liberally to

the erection of the
manufacture of paper and in agricultural pursuits. Mr. Rogers has always been a strict Democrat, and although never seeking political preferment, has ever been a prominent man in his party. In 1864 he was elected mayor of the city of Hudson by a large majority, although the political preponderance of the city had previously been Republican. As mayor he was very popular, and his administration was
its support and to new church edifice. Mr. Rogers was married, in 1840, to Agnes M. Coventry, By this union he of Stockport, who died February 11, 1848. had three children, two of whom are living. He married for
his second wife, in
rack, by
whom
August, 1849, Catharine Miller, of Clavahe has also had three children, of whom two
survive at this writing.

Silas
NEW
The
YORK.
fire
173
Rand, Cornelius Tobey, Joseph Burrel, and Benin

it
At
the time of this
there were five engines in use
jamin Allen were appointed fire-wardens.
Hudson.
four which have already been mentioned

1, 2,
At
common
council held Nov. 10, 1794,
was ordered,
and one
were very small, numbers

inch cylinders.
and 3 having only three.
" That Peter
Rand procure one Ladder

means
of thirty feet long,
Nos. 1 and 3 had no suction.

last
Nos. 2
of twenty feet long, and provide
to get the
water with dispatch
and 4 had suctions, and the
named was worked both

deck."
from the Reservoya in the Main Street, to ket, and the other near Shubael Worth's."
wit, the
one at the Mar-
by brakes and by "
treadles on
Number
Clark.
5 was
a nondescript, built in
Hudson by John
The two
few months
later a
it
"bell-man" (James Frazer) was

to ring
wheels on which the main weight of this engine rested
appointed, whose duty
was
an alarm on the bell
were nearly eight

were
it
feet in diameter,
and when working these
of the Presbyterian church immediately on the discovery

of
fire.
lifted clear
of the ground and acted as fly-wheels, as

its
was supposed by
accumulated.
On
ropes,
the 7th of December, 1799, the council ordered the
be
builder that in that way power could The machine weighed four thoasand
procuring of" four small fire-hooks, with chains, poles, and
pounds, and was operated by cranks instead of brakes.
and
also six fire-ladders,
from twelve to sixteen feet
There are many who yet remember
this old engine,
and
in length,
with hooks and brads."
who speak of
in
it
as an exceedingly
clumsy aSair.
fire
The
third fire
company was organized

year the council
1802.
On
the
In February, 1837, occurred the
which destroyed There
9th of October
Reanlved,
in that
if
Bryan's Hotel, where the Worth House now stands.
Jacob Davis, Cornelius Tobey, and others shall procure a good warranted Engine to be placed in the third Square of this City, they, the said Davis, Tobey, and others shall be appointed
fircinen to said Engine, to be
"That
were great fears that the
fire
would escape
control,
fire
and help
was asked and promptly received from the

of Catskill.
department
This service was gratefully remembered, and

fire
numbered Three, agreeably
to
Law."
on Wednesday, Oct. 11, 1837, the

several of the
city
ofiBcers
department and
the
The engine was
procured, and the
members of
its
:
com-
of
Hudson embarked on
to
pany (No. 3) wore appointed December 11, as follows Jacob Davis, Enoch Barnard, William McKinstry, Robert Fidler,
steamboat " General Jackson," proceeded
Catskill,
and
with fitting ceremonies presented a beautiful banner to the

firemen of that village in appreciation of the timely aid
Benjamin F. Folger, Thomas Slocum, Benjamin Throop,
Rufus
Backus, Stephen Booth, Cornelius
Tobey, John
they had rendered.
The
order of procession as
to the steamer,
it
marched
Bennett, Solomon Fuller, James Nixon, Jr., Seth Austin,

Jr.,
through the streets of Hudson
under direc-
Paul
Gants,
Isaac
Sampson,
Ezra Sampson, John
tion of Chief-Marshal Charles Darling,
was as follows
Strader, Joseph
Wharton, Lemuel Van Hoesen.

was 19
15s. Td.
house
for this machine was erected on the east side of the City
Hall square.
Its cost
= $49.45.
baggmen,
for Fires,
The Chief Engineer. The Assistant Engineers. The Wardens, with their staves and scarfs. Engine Company No. 1, with the machine drawn by two
hor.ses.
In 1804, March 10, the council

liesiilved,
"That Robert Folger and
others be appointed
to preserve
provide
theinsclves
and secure Property and elFects at with Baggs and other
and that they

that
Company No. 1. HooU-and-Laddcr Company No. 1. with its machine drawn by two Engine Company No. 2,
IIoso
horses.
iinpleiuents
purpose."
Engine Com|iany No. 3. The Mayor and Recorder.

Aldermen.
Assistant Aldermen.
City Officers.
As an
extra precaution
against
fire
an ordinance was
passed, July 5, 1806, forbidding " the
smoking of pipes or
Sogars in the streets of Hudson after sunset in the evening."
Band
of music.
e.-iciiipt
Engine No. 4 was purchased
(in
the same manner as

its first
Catskill Banner, borne by three
lirerain.
the three previous ones) in 1808, and
company was
Exempt
Hudson
tireraen.
Eaniior, borne by three oldest lircruen.
appointed, December 17, as follows: Robert A. Barnard, James Van Deusen, Aaron Charlott, Asaliel VVoodwortli, Jr., Zebina Henderson, James Strong, John S. Hopkins, William S. Miller, George Chittenden, Alpheus M. Hunt, John T. Everts, Miron Ackley, Evert Marsh, Jacob Hawes, William Chaniplain, John Bennett. Soon afterwards Christopher Barnard, John Hosmer, Cornelius Swart, Jr., Ilezekiali
Engine Company No. i. IIouk-and-Laddcr Company No. 2, with it? machine drawn by two
horses.
Engine Company No. 5. IIook-and-Ladder Company No. Engine Company No.

0.
3.
Hose Company No. 2. with its carriage drawn by two borers. Engine Company No. 7, with iis machine drawn by two horses.
Steel,
Daniel
CofiBn,
John Wier, John Gaul, and

roll. first
Patrick Fanning were added to the

In the
fire
following gentlemen, viz.
The committee of arrangements was composed of the John W. Edmonds, chief engi: ;
of Nov. 10, 1825, the
extensive confla-
neer
C.
;
Dewey, board of wardens

C. Paul,
R. T. Bunker, Engine
1
;
gration which visited Hudson, the department did excellent

service.
No.
B. F. Deuell,
Hose Company No.

1
;
J.
Waterman,
;
The
by
fire
commenced
until
it
in
Cherry
alley, and, accel-
Hook-and-Ladder No.
liams,
ger,
Engine No. 2
J. Wil-
erated
a brisk southerly
wind, crossed
Warren
laid
street,
and was not checked

the ground
had reached Diamond.
L^pon
Engine No. 3; H. Hubbell, Engine No. 4; P. BurHook-and-Ladder No. 2 S. Currie, Engine No. 5 C.
;
burned over, First street was

Great as was the
far greater
out imme-
Mitchell,
Hook-and-Ladder No. 3
C. A. Darlitig,
;
Engine
diately afterwards.
fire, it
loss cau.scd
by
this
No. G
rique.
.
G. McD.iugal. Hose
Company No. 2
P. D. Car-
must have been
but fur the firemen's perappreciated and warmly
Engine No.
7.
sistent effciits,
which were
fully
Chief-Engineer John
W.
EJiuoiuls (afterwards JiiJvrc

lire
coiniuendrd by
tlie citizens ;inJ
the juurnals of the day.
Edmonds]
resigned his position at the head of the
dc-
174

lieve
it
NEW
YORK.
to
partment Oct. 18, 1837, and was succeeded by Joshua
to
be yet able
compete successfully with the best

No. 8 (the
highest
Waterman.
hand-engines of the present time.
THE FIRE OF
1838.
One of the most destructive fires which ever visited Hudson was that which in the year 1838 swept the ground which b now Franklin Square.* It commenced about five
o'clocli P.M.
Hudson department) was a large engine of seven-inch cylinders. This and a new No. 1 of the same class were the last hand-engines purchased. The first (and last) steam fire-engines of Hudson were
in the
number reached
on Tuesday, the 7th of August, and was sup-
purchased
" J.
in April
and August, 18G3.

the " H.
These were the
posed to have been occasioned by a spark from the smokestack of the steamboat " Congress," which had stopped to
W. Hoysradt" and
8, 8,
W.
Rogers."
The former
captain
was numbered
No.
and took the company of hand-engine

its
take in tow a barge lying in the dock.
It
was
first
com-
with Charles C. Champlin as
first
the
municated
assisted
to the store-house of
Samuel Plumb, and being
" Rogers" took the
by a strong northwest wind, spread with great
A. Dingman
a truck
as
number and company of 2, with Charles captain. The company of No. 7 was disin service
rapidity until nearly seventy dwelling-houses, besides stores
banded, leaving
hand-engines Nos.
and
3,
with
and other buildings, were destroyed, and about one hundred

families were
company and
a hose company.
thrown
shelterless into the streets.
"
The
The new
tionized the
water-works, with their unlimited supply of
whole square bounded by Water, Front, Fleet, and Ferry

streets
water always available under great pressure, have revolufire
was
laid
in
ruins; also the square surrounded by
department
for
now, with no equipment
Ferry, Front, and
Still .-streets
and South bay,
all
the build-
but the necessary length of hose, the firemen can at any

time turn upon the
fire
ings between Cross street and the bay, the lumber-yards
as
heavy and powerful a stream as
of R. Reed and William Hudson, and the whole square
could be thrown by the most eflicient steamer.

there
are
As
a result,
bounded by Front, Second,

cepting three houses."
Partition,
loss
and Cross
streets, ex-
now only hose and truck companies, and

is
the
The
was estimated
at
$150,000,
engines remain unused in their houses.
on which was an insurance not exceeding S50,000. In the newspapers of that time
it
Following
list
of the chief officers of the

it
fire
depart-
was mentioned that
ment, and of the organizations now composing
the firemen exerted themselves to the utmost to check the ravages of the
fire,
Chief Eugi.neer.
Assistant
Miller.
and the gallant service which they

in
Engineers.
Peter Mason
1.
LoeflSer.
I.
Crocker,
George C.
captain.
performed on that day was spoken of
terms of highest
commendation.
Edmonds
Rogers Hose, No.
THE CO.VFLAGRATION OF 1844.

The
1844.
fire
of 1838 was fully equaled in destruction of
property by the conflagration which
occurred
five
June 28,
This was also discovered about

to
o'clock p.m.,
and was said
have been communicated by sparks from
Lewis H. George, Henry Washington Hose, No. Michael Welch, Hose, No. Crawford Hudson Hose, No. Robert V. Noble, R. Remington, Hoysradt Hose, No. Rogers, Hook and Ladder, No. Charles
Hose, No.
2.
3.
L. Miller, captaiu.
captain.
Phiieaix
5.
Blake, captain.
captain.
6.
8.
Jr., captain.
3.
S.
captain.
the steamboat " Fairfield," then lying at the wharf
There
ware-
were destroyed two lumber-yards, an

house
filled
oil-factory, a
WATER-SUPPLY.
with wool, the old still-house, containing a very
THE HUDSON AQUEDUCT.

The
project to supply
large quantity of hay on storage, about thirty other build-
Hudson with pure
water, from
ings on Franklin, Ferry, and
and a
vessel
Water streets, three wharves, The loss was estimated at laden with flour.
engines of
sources outside the bounds of the compact settlement, was
formed just prior

of citizens
pose.
to
the city's incorporation by a niiinbcr

for the pur-
S175,000, on which was an insurance of 05,01)0.
The
first five
have been mentioned.

city limits.
Hudson Nos. Then came No.
to 5, inclusive
who associated themselves together Each subscription of twenty-five dollars
entitled the
6,
which was
lo-
subscriber to one share in
the proprietorship, and to the
cated at the print-works, which were then included in the
right to lead the water into his housef for the supply of
Engine No. 7 was purchased soon
after 1830,
the family or families living therein.
Non-subscribers were
and was of the

York.
New York
pattern, built by Smith, of

built
New
supplied by payment of a reasonable annual tax.
new No. 3 was
by Henry Waterman, and
was the
istence,
first
" piano" engine in
Hudson.
it
It
is still
in ex-
and those who admired
in its
youthful days be-
The tirst mcctin'.; of the subscribers for organization was March U, 17S5, and the first managers or trustees elected were Thomas Jenkins, Dani(.'l Lawrence, Daniel
held
Gano,
* Franklin Square was inilncdiately laid out on the ground made
Samuel
;
^Lmsfield,
Stephen
Paddock,
and
Ezra
vacant
a
l)y
the
fire.
On the 11th of .Vugust

in
the council resolved,
Reed
William Mayhew,
plan
Wiis
clerk.
"That
puljlic
in their opinion the pul)lic interest of the eity requires that
The
wooden
to
bring the water to the eity through
square bo laid out and opened
said city, including

:
all
the
pipes,
logs,
bored lengthwise,
and
the work was
land within the following bounds, to wit
beginning at the southsti-cets
westerly corner of Fleet and Front streets, and running from thence
southerly along the westerly line of Front and I'erry
from
commenced immediately. The supply was first taken from the " Ten Broeck spring," on the farm of John Ten Broeck.
thuucc westerly iilong
tlie
northerly line of Furry sirert
I; the
north-
By what
tenure the association then held this spring does

is
easterly corner of Ferry
along the easterly
line
and Water streets; from thence northerly of Water street to the southeasterly corner of
fniiii
not appear, as no record of purchase
found
until
Aug.
Water
anil
Fleet streets: an.l
thence easterly along Ihe south-
erly line of Fleet street to the place of beginning."

29, 1791,
NEW
YORK.
dollars, " a lot of
175
when John Ten Broeck conveyed by deed
to
for four
hundred and twenty-five
about
Stephen Paddock, Eiihu Bunker, and Samuel Mansfield,

inspectors of the aqueducts of the city of
two acres of
land, near Peter Hardick's
house, and along
Hudson, a piece
the Claverack road* to the northeast corner of the Friends'
or parcel of land containing sixty-six and three-quarters

perches, with the springs or water thereon, for supplying
Burying-Ground, and along Cotton Gelston's land, with stone

house, barn, and other buildings, and the well thereon
their object being to sink wells
(for
;"
with water the inhabitants of the city of Hudson.
upon the
land, believing
The work upon

struction
the ai|ueduct appears to have progressed
some reason which
is
not
now apparent)
that they
rapidly, and on the 13th of June, 178.5,
we
find the conto
would by that means secure an ample supply of water.
committee notifying subscribers
pay
in
im-
mediately to Stephen Paddock, treasurer, four dollars on

e ach share, " as a
The project, however, failed of success, and afterwards the " Power spring" was added to the aqueduct's sources of
supply.
number of
contracts
must be discharged."
On
the 18th of January, 1786, the aqueduct was announced

first
In 1816, March 22, "
An
act to incorporate the
Hudson
as completed, and the people of
Hudson were for the The total time supplied with water of good quality.
from the source
to the city plat,
Aqueduct Company" passed the

petual charter, and
Legislature, granting a per-
cost
of the work, conveying the water a distance of two miles
was S2850.
naming as directors Robert Jenkins, William Johnson, Judah Paddock, Ebenezer Comstock, and Gayer Gardner. In December, 1835, the company
petitioned the Legislature for an increase of capital, for the
In March, 1790, the Legislature passed "

better regulating and protecting the
An
act for the

in
Aqueducts
the City
purpose of furnishing the aqueduct with iron pipes.
This
of Hudson."
That
for
act regulated the election of officers,

it
met with considerable

not long before.
opposition, being thought unneces-
and provided
gave the
the establishment of by-laws, which

council
sary, for the reason that
new wooden pipes had been

carried,
laid
common
the power to
enforce by the
;
This caused a long and vexatious delay

finally
imposition of proper penalties for infraction
thus
in
some
rights
but the measure was
and the
iron
pipes
measure relieving the association from

tion of powerlessness for the protection
its
previous condiits
were
It
laid in
is
1841.
of
own
believed that there exists no purer water than that
and
interests.
first
of the seven years the only source of supply to

is
Hudson Aqueduct Company, and
that to
its
purity
For the
found that
attributable the remarkable exemption
which the
all
city has
the aqueduct was the Ten

this
Broeck spring
all
but
it
was
enjoyed' from fevers, cholera, and epidemics of

tions.
descrip-
did not at
times furnish a sufficient
And
although the recently-constructed city waterfor fire
quantity of water.
On
the 30th of
August, 17fl,
in
works furnish more than an abundance, not only
view of a scarcity of supply, the council

"linHoli-cd, that John Kemper be appointed to t.iketho pump-brake and upper box from the public pump, and, at the hour of six in the
and manufacturing purposes, but
for every other possible
requirement, yet the supplies from the Ten Broeck, the
Huyck, and the Power's springs should be highly

and never abandoned.
prized,
morning, at twelve
.at
noon, and at five
in
the evening of each day,

to be carried
go with, or deliver
to the
it
to the
hands of some careful persons
may have an and that said brake and box shall not be delivered at any other times of the day until a constant supply of water shall
pump,
that each of the citizens applying for water
:
The
min
present (1878) directors of the
company
are Benja;
equal proportion
F. Deuell, president and general superintendent

;
Theo-
dore Miller, Jacob Macy, Henry J. Baringer
Cornelius H.
be found in the pump."
Evans, clerk and treasurer.

referred to was situated near the old
The town-pump
market, and was supplied with water by the aqueduct.
THE HUDSON WATER-WORKS.

From
to the
On
the 19th of July, 1793, Caspar

to
Huyck and John
the settlement of
Hudson
fur
until
the establishment
V. H. Huyck conveyed by deed
Stephen Paddock, Cot-
of the present system the water-supply was scarcely equal
ton Gelston, and Russell Kellogg, trustees, " for the use of the inhabitants of the city of Hudson, under direction of
demand upon
facts
it
domestic purposes, and was

fire.
wholly insufficient as a means of protection against
the proprietors of the Aqueduct," a piece of land with

springs thereon,
called
These
were of couree well understood, but the intro-
and
known
as
Huyck's springs,
duction of an ample water-supply was looked upon as a

project too gigantic to be undertaken by a city of Hudson's
situated " southwesterly of the house of
Samuel Nichols,
This
.spring,
now in known
possession of Luther Duniling."

as
now
the
population and resources.f
It
was
not,
therefore,
fire,
until
the
"
Hudson
is
Fountain,"
is
located
on
October,
1871. during
the great
Chicago
that the
Claverack road, and
the same of which the Labadists,

in
Bankers and Sluyter, wrote

tains flow out of the.se
tains,
cliffs
1680, " Large clear foun;
or hills
the
in
first real
foun-
and the only ones, we have met
this country."
\i-ur
This tr.act of land was sold by the association, and, after changing hands several times, was purchased by the turnpike comjiany, who cut their road through it, and the remainder was afterwards sold to
-*
Connection was made with this spring during the
the Episcopal churcli.

t Immctliiitcly after each of the great fires in Hudson but particualter those of \?,i and 1844) the subject of furnishing the
I
1793, and from that day
to this it
has sent
its clear,
spark-
larly
ling tribute to the thirsty city.

It does not cient,
city with a
seem that the supply was regarded
as suffi-
in
more copious supply of water was earnestly agitateil, but these cases the plans advanced for accomplishing this object
even after the addition of the
on the 30th of June, 1798, Daniel
Huyck spring;, for Clark, Thomas Power,

Aqueducts
in
usually took the form of propositions to construct a large reservoir

or reservoirs upon the public square, or at the intersection of
Worth
avenue
but even this was never accomplished, and a proposal to
and Alexander
city
Coffin, " trustees of the
the
build water works of one-fourth part the niagnitu.le of those

successful operation
now
iji
of Hudson," purchased from Captain John Ilatliaway,
would have been Ihought visionary and
al.surd.
176

It
NEW
YORK.
boilers
questioD was seriously agitated.
was then thoroughly
$15,000.
the Clapp
The pumping-engines and
were built by
discussed through the newspapers and at public meetings,
&
Jones Manufacturing Company, of Hudson, at

All the straight pipes were furnished
and the
result of these discussions
was the
pas.sage of a law,
a cost of 40,000.
in the spring of
1872, authorizing the construction of water-
on contract by the Warren foundry, and most of the specials
works, and appropriating therefor one hundred and twentyfive
were cast by Messrs. Gilford Brothers, of Hudson.

length of pipe
miles.
The
thousand
dollars.
The commission appointed under

it
now
laid
in
the system
is
about thirteen
that law caused surveys and estimates to be made, and
was demonstrated
to
be impracticable to erect such works

within the appropri-
From
the completion of the works until the present time

in
as the interests of the city required

ation.
they have been
constant and entirely successful operation,
Therefore, in
the spring of 1873, a
new law was

in
fiirnishing to the city thoroughly filtered water in
ample
enacted, authorizing the expenditure of two hundred and

fifty
supply for
all
purposes.
the present board of water
thousand
dollars,
and a commission was appointed
The gentlemen comprising

Holmes, Edwin
Miller,
June of
city with
that year charged with the duty of furnishing the
commissioners are Messrs. Frederick F. Folger, Lemuel

C. Terry,
an ample supply of pure and wholesome water.
Ezra Waterbury, William
J.
difierence of opinion existed as to the advantages offered
Henry
J. Baringer.
respectively by the
Hudson
river
and by Lake Charlotte
as proper sources of supply,
and that question was deterin
PROMENADE
This
is
HILL.
frequented for the purpose
mined by a vote of tax-payers

siderable time was necessarily
favor of the river.

in
Con-
a public ground,
much
consumed
making surveys
which
its
name
indicates,
it
by the people of Hudson, who

and deserved estimation as a
and
in
maturing
plans,
and the work of construction was

let into
have always held
in high
not begun until March, 1874, but was then pushed forward
place of popular resort.

It is
with such energy that the water was

the 1st of
the system on
a grassed and graded spot of about one and a half
November
following
and by the
were
1st of January,
to
acres,
rises
street,
upon the summit of the high promontory which

from the river-bank, opposite the foot of Warren
1875, one hundred and one taps were supplying water

the citizens, and
drants.
many
cisterns
filled
from
fire-hy-
and
is
the western end of the ridge on which the
city
is
built.
These works were "completed within the time estimated

to be required
It has been in use as a public
walk or promenade nearly

city.
and within the appropriation
which can be
or quite as long as
Hudson has been a
On
the 9th of
" that
said of fovr public works of equal extent and importance.
March, 1795, the proprietors resolved by vote

certain piece of land
the
The commissioners under whose

the works wore constructed were
supervision and control

Messrs.
F.
F.
known by
street,
the
name of
the Parade,
Folger,
or Mall, in front of
Main
and on the bank fronting

council forever, as a
;"
Edwin
C. Terry,
Lemuel Holmes, William H.

S. Gray.
GifFord, Hi-
the river, be granted to the
common
that
it
ram Macy, and Thomas
public walk or Blall, and for no other purpose whatever
The water
is at a
line.
is
taken from nearly opposite Ferry street, at

is
by which
it
is
made sure
for
had been
in use as a
a point where the depth of the river
35
feet.
The
inlet
promenade ground
a considerable
time before 1795,
depth of about 8i feet below ordinary high waterreservoirs consist of a
long enough to have acquired the name mentioned in the

resolution above quoted.
The
fiituring-basin
of
13-2
feet
After the
hill
was donated
to the city (but
we have been
was
depth, and having an area of 15,081 feet at the crest of the

slope wall, and a clear-water storage reservoir, separated
unable to ascertain
built
how long
after that time) there
upon
lower
it
a house of octagonal shape, two stories high,
from the other by an embankment 14

Tills
feet
in
thickness.
the upper one being used as a lookout or ob.servatory, and the
basin has a depth of 20 feet, an area at the crest line

feet,
one
as
a refreshment-room,
to
which
latter
was
of 32,696
and a storage capacity of 3,200,000 gallons.

is
never a desirable addition

place.
the
" attractions"
of the
The
well
first-mentioned basin
as
for
filtering
also available
for storage as
purposes.
An
eighteon-iiich
in
main,
received the
to
capable of delivering 13,000,000

houi"s, passes
gallons
twenty-four
into
Upon the erection of this structure the " IMall" name of " Round-House Hill," and continued be so known until about 1835, when the ground was
from the
filter,
and afterwards branches

supply of the
city.
two twelve-inch mains

city, and,
for the
improved by the erection of a fence, the laying out and grading of walks, and the removal of the " round-house;"
after
The.se reservoirs are located on Prospect
hill,
oast of the
which the name, being inappropriate
;is
well as inele-
by reason of their great elevation (about 300

river),
gant, was dropped, and, after
some discussion and the sug-
feet
above the
give sufiicient
city,
head
to
carry the
gestion of several high-sounding

" Paradise Hill"), that of "
names (among which was
water to every part of the
and furnish unequaled ad-
Parade Hill" was adopted, and
vantages to the .system in controlling and extinguishing

fires.
continued
in
use for
many
years, but has
now been gener-
ally discarded for the
more appropriate one by which the
The pumping building and

ture, fifty-eight
feet ten
engine-liou.so
is
a fine struc-
hill is
known
at the present time.
inches
in
by
sixty-five feet seven

to
During the past summer (1878) the ground has been

improved and placed
sodded, and a large
in
inches,
and
fifty-two
feet
height
the
Its
ridge,
with
is
the best condition.
The walks
newly
pressed-brick faces and marble trimmings.
location
have been re-graded and graveled, the
gra.ss-plats
on Water
street,
west of Franklin square, and between the
Hudson River
railroad
and the
river.
Its cost
was about
number of comfortable Along the entire the proper positions.
seats placed in
river-front
and

southern end there has been completed a solid wall, comTyler.
NEW
first
YORK.
office
177
He
located the
in
the building
now
it
mencing low erou^h
to secure a firm foundation,
and rising
approach
is
owned by Mr. Robert

the south side of
Hirst, but afterwards

;
removed
to
to a level with the grade,
above which
it is
surmounted by
not
the premises of Mrs. Paul
both these locations being on
a strong and handsome iron fence.
When we
Warren
street.
the city by the river from the south, this fence

at
first
its
Paul D. Carrique, the successor of Mr. McKinstry, was

appointed under President Polk,
seen, but the hill, standing boldly out to the river,
May
1,
1845.
During his
with
towering
flag-staff,
and
its
steep escarpment crowned

like
four years' term the location of the office w.is the
same
as
by the rampart-like
wall, looks
much
a fortification,
the city's
under Mr. Solomon Wescott.

Robert A. Barnard, the seventh postmaster of Hudson,
and forms one of the most

outline.
salient features in
The
finished landscapes of
Mount Merino on
the one
was appointed under General Taylor, April 12, 1849. The office was kept by Mr. Barnard in the place which it last
occupied under Postmaster McKinstry.
hand, and of Stockport upon the other, with the shining

river between
front,
and beyond them, the village of Athens

fields
in
John
S.
Anable received his appointment under Presi-
and the
and woods and slopes of Greene

to
dent Pierce,
May
4,
1853, and located the
office
in the
county stretching away
the base of the Catskills, whose
lower floor of the building

Register.
summits stand
which are
in
dark grandeur against the sky,
now occupied by
the
Hudson
all
these,
hill,
visible
from a single point on Promenade

is
Henry
dated
first
C. Miller
3,
was made postmaster by appointment

Office in
form a picture which
rarely equaled, even

river.
among
the
May
S.
1855.
the Hirst building, where
famed scenery of the Hudson
kept by McKinstry.
John
POST-OPFtCE.
Anable was re-appointed July 13, 1855, and

office to
returned the
the Register building.
The Hudson
at which
post-office
first
was established March 20, 1793,

postmaster
of the
city.
H.
C. Miller received a second appointment
June
12,
time the
Cotton
office in
1856, and a third on the 28th of May, 1860.

terms the business of the
office
During these
the Hirst
Gelston, received his appointment.

his store on
He
is
kept the
was done,
first in
Warren
street,
where now
in
the paint-shop of
block, and afterwards in the Odd-Fellows' building, adjoin-
John
T.
Burdwin.
Although
political
sentiment he
ing the premises
now occupied by George
L. Little.
was an extreme Federalist, he continued

of Mr. Jefferson.
to hold the position
Joseph G. Palen became postmaster of Hudson under

President Lincoln, April 5, 1861, and was re-appointed
of postmaster for more than a year after the inauguration
under Johnson, June
9,
1865.
He
continued the
office at
Capt. Alexander Coffin, the second postmaster of

fon,
Hud-
the place where

It
it
was was
last
kept by Mr. Miller.

first
and as strong a Democrat as
his predecessor
1,
had been
was during Mr. Palen's

office
term that the Hudson

1864.
Oct. 5, 1866,
a Federalist, was appointed April
1802, and remained in
money-order
institut-ed, Oct. 1,
undisturbed possession of the place for seven years under

Jefferson and through the eight years of Madison's administration,
Hiram W. Dixon was appointed postmaster

and the location of the
office
was not removed by him.
was re-appointed by Monroe, June 16, 1818, and
Joseph G. Palen received his third appointment March

14, 1867.
held until within two months of the inauguration of
John
During
this
term he removed the
post-office to
Quincy Adams
the total .period of his incumbency having
the City Hall building,
been nearly twenty-three years.
When
first
appointed,
Hall place,
where
corner
of Warren street and City

to
it
has continued
be kept until the
Capt. Coffin located the office in his frame house, which stood on the present site of the residence of Mrs. Boies,
present time.
Jacob
W.
Hoysradt received his
first
appointment as
on the north side of Warren

his re-appointment) he
street, the present
street.
it
Afterwards (prior
to
postmaster under President Grant, April 19, 1869, and
removed
to the south side of the

it
was re-appointed
in
the second term of the same President,
premises of Mr. C. Carpenter, where
March
12, 1873.
was continued during the remainder of his term.

William H. Coffin was appointed postmaster January
1825, and held the
office
1,
William Bryan, the present postmaster of Hudson, was

appointed
to the office
March
1,
1877.
May, 1833, through the entire administration of Adams and the first term of General Jackson. Under him the post-office was located in Stevens
until
&
Coffin's crockery -.store,
on the north
side of
Warren
office,
THE BANK OF COLUMBIA

was, as has already been mentioned, the
son,
first
street, nearly opposite the
Hudson River Bank.
bank of Hud-
Solomon Wescott, the fourth incumbent of the

received his
first
and the third that was chartered

their subscriptions
in the State.
The
fol-
appointment
May 9,
1833, under President

adminis-
preamble and agreement placed before the
capitalists of
Jackson.
tration,
He was
rc-appointed under the same
Hudson,
lows
:
for
to
the stock, was as
February 20, 1837, and again re-appointed under

27, 1841, but held
last
Van Buren, February
the
place only
about one year after his

postmastership the office
re-appointment.
During
Evans.
his
was located on Warren
street,
" WlierefiB, it appears from the experience of all Commercial Communities, that well-regulated Banks are highly useful to Society, by promoting Industry, increasing the Medium of Trade, preventing the
south side, the present residence of Mrs. R.
W.
exportation of Specie, furnishing for
it
a safe deposit, and advancing
Justus McKinstry succeeded Mr. Wescott, the date of

his appointment being
the interest of the Community by introducing punctuality in the performance of Contracts; We, the Subscribers, desirous of pro-
March
14, 1842,
under President
moling such an Institution, do engage
to
take the
number of
.Shares
178

Bnnk
to be established in
I
NEW
YORK.
it,
set
ngaiost our names rcspectiTcIy in a
3Ir.
it
Williams), after receiving
refused to divide any part
the city of Hudson."
of
unless a fourth person was admitted to an equal share.
The
1793.
act
incorporating the bank was passed

"
March
6,
Upon
view
tion
the appearance of this publication a committee of
The
whole amount of stock,
estate,
and property"
the Assembly was appointed to inquire into the facts, with a

to the impeachment of Judge Van Ness, whose posiupon the Supreme bench rendered him peculiarly vul-
to be held by the institution was limited, not to exceed S160,000, and was divided into " four hundred shares, at
four hundred Spanish milled dollars per share."
Its affairs
nerable to their attacks.
were
to be
managed by
thirteen
directors, of
its
whom
eight
In the course of the investigation the committee examined
must be residents of Hudson; and

to expire in
charter was limited
Mr. Williams, who

the effect that,
testified that before the
Bank of America
its
May, 1811.
board of directors was composed of
was chartered he had made an agreement with
agents to
The
dock,
first
Thomas
if
the charter was obtained, the

its
Bank
of Co;
Jenkins, Seth Jenkins, Duncan Ingraham, Stephen Pad-
lumbia should keep
accounts with the
Bank of America
its
John Thurston, Justus H. Van Hoesen, David LawGelston, William
that the latter should allow the former to overdraw
ac-
rence, Cotton
tine,
H. Ludlow, William Can-
count to the amount of $150,000, paying interest at

rate of three per cent, only;
the
Walter V. Wemple, Peter Van Ness, and John Living;
that this arrangement should
ston.
in
Thomas Jenkins, president James Nixon, cashier. The bank was duly organized, and commenced business a house in Main street near Front.* About ten years
it
continue for fifteen years.
He
said that this contract was

for his
made with him

benefit
;
individually,
and
own
individual
that he had acted solely for himself, and had a
afterwards,
was removed
to the
second story of the build-
ing standing on the southeast corner of Second and

streets.
Warren
the
Its third
and
last location
was
in a
brick building
make such terms with the Bank of Columbia as he and the directors might mutually agree on and that Judge Van Ness had known nothing of the contract until after
right to
;
which had been erected
for
its
accommodation, on
the bank received
its
charter in 1818, but that he

as
(Van
to
southerly side of Warren street, whjre the fine structure of

the
Ness) had voted for the charter simply

measure, as
it
a Federalist
Hudson River
B ink now
stands.
That old building

its
was understood that the stock was

its
be
has been but recently demolished, and

fresh in the minds' of
appearance
is
still
taken by Federalists, and that
influence was to be used
many people in Hudson. The bank was very prosperous during the earlier years of its existence, but afterwards became less so. The management of its affairs was bitterly criticised. Among the allegations made was that, after the death of Mr. Jenkins,
sound business principles were dropped, and that the bank
to counteract the Anti-Federalist influence wielded
by the
Manhattan Banking Company.

It also
came out during the examination that before the

into operation, the president, Mr.
Bank of America went

ment should be
effect,
Wolcott, proposed to Mr. Williams that the previous agreeset aside
was used
as a political engine.
it
Whether the charge was

fact that ElLsha
that the
its
and a new one substituted, to this Bank of Columbia should be allowed to

to
true or false,
grew out of the
Williams
overdraw
account
the extent of S150,000 for fifteen
(who was
its
president after Mr. Jenkins), Jacob R.
Van
its
years at six per cent., Mr. Williams and two other re'sponsible parties to
Rensselaer, and others
who were most
influential in
;
become surety
in
lieu
for the
amount, and that he
management, were leaders

was used with cruel
in the Federalist party

its
and an
(Mr. Williams) should receive from the Bank of America
occurrence which had some connection with

effect
concerns
$20,000 cash
accrued
to
of the advantage which would have
by the Anti-Federalists against
him by
the t^rms of the former agreement.

to the change,
Mr.
one of their chief opponents. Judge Wni.
W. Van
Ness.
Williams consented
and Mr. Van Rensselaer
The circumstances were

iN'eJo
as follows;
In the issue of the
and Judge Van Ness became

ceiving
sureties with him, each re-
York American, dated Jan. 26, 1820, it was charged that about the time (the winter of 1812) when application was made to the Legislature for the charter of the Bank of
America, the applicants had bargained
three prominent public
liams,
for the
viz.,
support of
men of Columbia,
that the bank,
Elisha Wil-
Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer, and

promised
Wm. W. Van
Ness, and had
should loan
to
when chartered, the Bank of Columbia the sum of S150,000

of which
be retained by the three gentlemen named,
$5000 out of the $20,000 paid by the Bank of America; Mr. Van Ness, however, receiving it unwillingly, and only when Mr. Williams insisted on his doing so. Thus the investigation resulted in the complete vindication of Judge Van Ness, but his sensitive nature received a wound which is said to have hastened his death. The bank continued in existence for thirty-six years, and
failed
in
1829, not only inflicting severe losses on indi-
for fifteen years, at six "per cent, interest, one-half
viduals, but creatiijg panic
and
financial depression
through-
interest
for their
in
was
to
out the county.
own
private use, in consideration of their services

;
THE BANK OF ilUDSON

was organized
dent
;
securing the charter
that after the charter was obtained
in
1808, with John C. Hogeboom as presias
the directors refused to live
up
to
their bargain, but conto
G^.
A. Worth
the corner
cashier.
It
first
occupied
the
sented to pay instead, and did actually pay

the
Mr. Williams,
premises vacated by the

story
at
sum
of 820,000 for himself and associates; and that he
Bank of Columbia in the second of Second and Warren streets, and

its
there remained until a house was built for

* Afterwards the residence and tailor-shop of Prosper Ilosmer. It has been stated that this was built especially for the use of the bank, but we are assured by high authority that this was not so; and it
use on the
north
streets.
side of
Warren
street,
between
First
and Second
This was afterwards the residence of Hon. Henry

his daughter, Mrs. Boies.
It
seems improbable that it w.is. as, in that case, the bank would hardly have moved as it did into temporary qunrtcs on a second lloor.
Hogeboom, and occupied by This bank failed in 1819.
seems
to h.ivc
never been
Photo, by F. Foretew, Hudson.
ROBERT W. EVANS.
Mr. Evans was born in Livingston, Columbia Co., N. Y.,
in 1817. treasurer under the then
elected alderman
new
charter,
and in 1862 he was
He
was educated
in the
common
schools of his
from the
first
ward.
In 1865 he was
native town, and after attending a country store a
few
elected president of the
Hudson Aqueduct Company, which
months
age,
as clerk
came
to
Hudson, when nineteen years of
position he held at the time of his decease.
He
was
also a
and engaged
as a clerk in a dry-goods store.
He soon
to
director of the
institution
Hudson River Bank from
the time that

his honesty
became a merchant of considerable

the construction of the
note,
and previous
was chartered, in 1855.

in all his business
full
Such was
Hudson River and
other railroads
and integrity
and
official relations
that
did quite an extensive wholesale business.
the public had
confidence in him, and he was often

offices
In 1836 he purchased the brewery and malt-house of
proposed or nominated for
which he declined.
In
George Robinson,
connected with
'and profitable
it
it,
at
Hudson, and
also the
New York
house
business he was very successful, and used liberally his
which he conducted in an enterprising

till
means and accumulations

objects of charity.
for the public welfare,
and
for
manner
the time of his death, increasing

it,
to four times its
former capacity, and rendering
as a
As
man, Mr. Evans was well and favorably known,
business enterprise, very successful.
although he never sought to render himself conspicuous
In his domestic relations he was very happy, having

married
Harriet E., daughter
of Solomon
he was of a modest and
retiring disposition
while he was
Wescott, of
charitable and benevolent, he
always delighted that his

all,
Hudson, N. Y., by
whom
he had three children
one
son,
many
to
acts of charity should be secrets to
even to those
Cornelius H. Evans, present mayor of Hudson, and two

daughters.
whom
they were extended.
In his family he was a

;
lovin", kind,
and indulgent husband and father

all,
in his
In
politics
he was a Democrat, and an earnest supporter

of his party, though he chose to
intercourse with
true
and
friendly.
of the
men and measures
As he had
3d of
lived
peaceably and quietly, so peaceably

this life
be an humble worker for the success of others rather than

a seeker of
office for himself.
and quietly he passed away, departing

Jlay,
on the
If he accepted any
office, it
1868, leaving a reputation for honest and
was one in which business and the general welfare of was involved, and only then when
suffices of his fellow-citizens.
clearly called out
his city
upright dealing, liberality in the use of his means, and a

fortune which was a worthy
ability.
by the
city
monument
to his integrity
and
In 1855 he was made
HISTORy OF COLUMBIA COUNTY,

very prosperous, perhaps on account of the
period of
its
f;ict
NEW YORK.
THE farmers' NATIONAL BANK
179
that
tlie
existence was the time of Hudson's severe

;
is
the same institution which was organized in 1839 as the
business prostration
commencing immediately
after
the
" Farmers'
enforcement of the embargo, and extending through the War of 1812-15. During, and immediately after, the war
the bank emitted considerable amounts of notes of denominations less than one dollar.
$100,000.
Bank of iHudson," with a paid-in capital of The first directors were twenty-one in number,
;
These were not generally
among whom were Elihu Giflford, president Frederick Mesick, Jacob Mesick, John Mesick, Dr. E. B. Pugsley, Ewell Lawrence, Dr. Ebanezer Reed, Jacob Ten Broeck,
Captain Coffin, Hiram Gage, Robert McKinstry, William
received with favor, and became depreciated,
though
in
1816 and 1817 we

and the
" Facility Bills of their trade.
"
find several
mechanics and tradesmen,
Nash, Allen Rossman, and Jacob N. Harder.

cashier was Ezra Dean.
The
first
lottery-offices,* adyertisiiig that thay
would receive
of the
Bank of Hudson
at par in the
way
The
capital
was subsequently increased
to
$300,000, and
At
Alexander
in
Coffin,
same time the postmaster. Captain advertised that he would receive nothing
the
April 7, 1865, the bank received authority from the United States Treasury Department to transact business as a
national bank,
payment of postage except specie. United States Bank notes, and bills of the New York banks.
under
its
present
name and
title.
At
that
time Samuel
cashier.
Bachman was
president and Isaac H.
Vrooman
Some
of the
facility
bills
are
still
in
existence, being
preserved with " Old Tenor" and " Continental" paper

as curious relics of the olden time.
money
side of
The bank first did business in Warren street, between

above the
first
a building on the north
Fifth and Sixth streets.
THE HUDSON RIVER BANK

was chartered
in
Its present elegant

side, a little
banking-house was erected (on the same

building) in 1873, at a cost of
the winter of 1830, and organized Juue

Its capital
$71,000.
The
circulation of the
bank
is
now $236,700,
30 of the same
president
Lsrael
year.
was $150,000.
:
The
first
and
its
present officers are Jacob

;
W.
Hoysradt, president;
board of directors was composed as follows

;
Oliver Wiswall,
Allen Rossman, vice-president
Jacob Ten Broeck, Henry

Crapser,
F.
Rufus Reed, Solomon Wescott, Samuel Anable, Piatt, William H. Coleman, Abner Hammond, Robert
House,
Abram
Bedell, Lorenzo G. Guernsey, Peter Mesick,
Hiram Macy, Harper W. Rogers, William H.

Charles
A. Barnard, Laban Paddock, James Vanderpoel, J. P. Bcekman, Herman Livingston, Abraham Van Buren. William Currie was first appointed cashier, but resigned the office immediately after, upon which Francis W. Ed-
W.
Hinsdale, William
;
H.
Gifford, Frederick
Folger, directors
Charles C. Macy, cashier.
THE HUDSON CITY SAVINGS INSTITUTION

was chartered April
4,
monds was appointed

ter, in
in his stead.
Mr. Wiswall retained

1850.
:
the presidency of the bank until the expiration of
its
char-
1855.
reorganized with the same
The
first
board of trustees was composed as follows Peter S. Wynkoop,
The bank was

capital
name June
Darius
12,
Peck, president;
;
Henry
J.
1855, under the banking law of April 18, 1838.
The
Baringer, vice-presidents
William Bryan, Abijah P. Cook,
was $200,000, and the following-named gentlemen

viz.
:
George H. Power, Samuel T.

William B. Skinner,
Du
Bois,
were chosen directors,
Robert A. Barnard, president
Jonathan
Stott,
Alexander C. Mitchell, Conklin Terry,

F.
W.
Hoysradt,
Edmond and Josiah W.

in this
Holley,
John E. Gillette, James Clark, Jacob

There have been
Fairfield.
officers.
George Barker, Charles Paul, L. R. Mellen, Peter Hofi'man,

Charles McArthur, Henry Hubbell, Richard
Clarke,
Scott,
no changes made
board of
The
months.
institution pays five per cent, interest on
sums of
George H. Power, Stephen A.

cashier.
Du
Bois;
A. B.
five dollars or
more when
left
on deposit for at least two
In 1865 the institution was reorganized under the (then)

recently-enacted national banking law, and
became
The deposits amount to about $1,000,000. The bank is located at No. 98 Warren street, ing erected and owned by the institution.
in a build-
THE NATIONAL HUDSON RIVER BANK.

The The
capital
had previously been increased

at that
to
$250,000,
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HUDSON

was organized under the national banking law, March 25, 1864, with a capital of $200,000, and a guaranteed circuIt was then located at No. 167 Warlation of $180,000.
ren street.
Fairfield;
and has continued

first
amount
until the present time.
president under
the national organization was
Stephen A.
Du
Bois, and the cashier A. B. Scott.
The
present officers of the bank are

;
Henry A. Du
Bois,
The
first
officers
were
President, Josiah
W.
president
Edwin
Benoni
C. Terry,
Henry
J. Baringer, William
Vice-President, Robert
B. Shepard
Cashier,
Bryan, Abijah P. Cook, Cornelius H. Evans, George B.

Fairfield,
S.
Peter S.
Wynkoop
Directors,
Johnson, Henry Hubbel, William J.
Martin, S. T.
Du
Bois,
David Crapser, Hiram
George H. Power, Milton W. Dixon,

In 1869
it
Miller,
Augustus McKinstry, Ezra Waterbury, Caspar P.

;
Isaac N. Collier, and Theodore Miller.
was
re-
Collier, directors
William Bostwick, cashier.
moved
to its present location in the city-hall building.
The
present officers are Robert B. Shepard, president; Milton

NorinaD's, and Mcllen'a lottery -offices were on the south side of Warren street, a few doors east of Front. One styled itself the " truly
-
Martin, vice-president Martin, William

I.
William Seymour, cashier
Milton
Tiaver, Lucius Moore,
James
C. Roger-
and announced that in a drawing of the ' Medical Sciit had sold two of the capital prizes, $3000 and Sin.OOO, and h;vd paid them both, in cash, on the same day.
Office,"
Lucky
ence Lottery," in 1S16,
son, R. E. Benedict,
Edmund
Rockefeller, David Crapser,
Robert B. Shepard, Isaac N.
Collier, directors.
180
NEW YORK.
THE HUDSON CEMETERY.
THE COLUMBIA COUNTT MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY

was organized
rectors
at
Hudson
in
1836.
:
The
first
board of
di-
was composed as follows
Paddocii, Oliver Wiawall,

uel White,
Joseph D. Moneli, Laban James Mellen, Rufus Reed, Sam-
Along the northeastern declivity of Prospect hill, and extending down to the old Columbia turnpike, lies the ground of the Hudson cemetery a spot combining all the
;
Samuel Anable, Robert A. Barnard, Josiuh
W.
requisites
that enlightened
modern
taste
demands
in
Fairfield, Frederick
Mesick, Charles McArthur, Elihu Gif-
place of graves,
rural
quiet, great natural beauty,
and a
ford,
William R. Macy.
officers
conformation of surface peculiarly adapted to receive those

artificial
The
dent
;
of the board were Laban Paddock, presi;
embellishments which sore-hearted mourners love
Rufus Reed, vice-president

;
J.
W.
Fairfield, secre;
to lavish
around the resting-places of their dead.

the clustering stones,
tary and treasurer
Joseph D. Moneli, attorney
and Oliver
But
for
many
of ancient date, a
Wiswall, R. A. Barnard, Elihu Gifford, executive committee.
stranger would believe that this ground had been laid out
in recent years,
This institution was not long-lived,

compelled by one of the great
in
fires
its
suspension being
and that professional
skill
had aided
in the
which were so frequent
selection
first
and when he had been
told the true story of its
Hudson during
the ten years succeeding the organization
use as a burial-ground by the Quaker proprietors of

a century ago, he would not a commercial people,
fail to
of the company.
Up
of the
to the year
THE CITY HALL. 1815 the common council
Hudson almost as we do, that

of
wonder,
who were
es.sentially
Hudson had
and avowedly
utilitarian in their ideas,
should in that early
been accustomed to hold their meetings at the different hotels

city.
day have decided on a spot so lovely and appropriate.
In that year a room was provided for their
At
the time of the arrival of the settlers at Claverack
use in the old court-house, and that continued to be their

place of meeting until the sale of the property to the Pres-
Landing a grave-yard was situated on the southerly side

of the old country road, a short distance east of the fen-y.
Its location
byterian Society.
After that time, the old
jail
building at
was upon sloping ground

it
in an orchard
owned
as
the corner of Fourth and
Warren
fitted
streets
was purchased by
it
by Justus H. Van Hoesen,* and

the
was usually known
Mr. John J. Davis, who

for public uses,
up within
;"
a hail intended
this
Van Hoesen
or "
Van Hoesen and Hyatt

in
is
buryingit
known
as " Davis Hall
and
was used
city liall,
ground."
This would indicate that the burials
were
for city purposes until the completion of the
new
only of members of these families, but such

to
not
known
it
which was commenced

It is a large
in
1854, and finished ready
for oc-
be the
fact, particularly in
is
regard to the earliest interto
cupancy in the following year.

and commodious brick building, standing on and the bankthe southwest corner of Warren street and City Hall place,
ments.
also used
Indeed, there
no reason
doubt that
was
the
by the Van Alens and other residents

in
at
landing.
and contains the

an exhibition
city offices, the post-office,
The
old " Hardick burying-ground"
is
the north-
ing-rooms of the First National Bank.

is
In the upper story
eastern part of the city, near the
hall,
which
is
rented for lectures, entertain-
branch railroad, at a place

horntown.
settlei's
Hudson and Chatham formerly known as Schermer-
meats, and other public purposes.

hall building
The
cost of the city
It
was
but
in
use long before the
New England
afterwards.
was $35,000.
came,
received
few interments
ALMSHOUSE AND INSANE ASYLUM.

In the year 1801, Captain John Hathaway was authorized
Among
main
;
the latest buried there was Francis Hardick, Jr.
The number of
State
city,
graves
is
about thirty, and these
still
re-
no transfers
to the
cemetery having been made.
and directed
street, to
to purchase Daniel
Allen's house on
The
proprietors at once looked about
them
to
find
an
be used for the occupancy of the poor of the

a
eligible site for a
new ground, and
in
accordance with their
and
it
was so occupied until 1818, when
house was com-
usage a committee was appointed for the purpose.
Cotton
pleted, also on State street, for the purpose.
This was the
Gelston was (almost as a matter of course) one of the

bers of this
mem-
stone house opposite the head of Fourth street,
now
occu-
committee
fell
the other was Daniel

lot
Paddock.
pied as a residence.
It
was erected under the superintendwas occupied
Their selection
upon a
of some five acres,
the
rc-
ence of Dr. John Talnian, Judah Paddock, and Barnabas
lower part of the present cemetery ground.

property of their friend Colonel John
It was the
Waterman,
as a building committee, and

it
for
Van
Alen, who, on
the purpose for which

it
was built
until
May, 1830, when
being requested to name his price for the
lot,
promptly
was vacated by the
city
and taken by Dr. Samuel White,

an insane asylum under his own
*
for the establishment of
private auspices and supervision, assisted, however, by Dr.
Justus H.
Van
Iloeseu and his wife, Jiinneke (whose residence
G. H. White.
stood on the present site of Daniel Lirabrick's house), came to their
In the
first
ten years three hundred patients
deaths in a tragic manner, which created very great excitement in the
were admitted, most of

fited (this
whom were cured,

1841).
It
and
all
were bene-
statement
is
taken from the advertisement of the
institution published in
was continued as an
at
asylum until the opening of the State asylum
and vicinity. They were seized with sudden and violent sickness morning of Feb. 4, 1794, from the effects of which Mr. Van Hoesen died the same evening, and his wife, after five days of agony, died in the morning of the 10th. It was found that beyond doubt
city
in
the
Utica,
when it was abandoned and the patients removed The building was then used as a seminary by
J. B.
to Utica.
the Rev.
Hague,
until the
street.
removal of that school to the lower

It is
part of
Warren
now
the residence of George
were caused by arsenic taken accidentally, but how taken was never discovered, though the general belief at the time was that it had by some meons become mixed with a preparation of flowers of sulphur, which they were taking as an alterative. They were buried in this old grave-yard, and forty-four years afterwards, when the ground was taken for the opening of Allen street, their remains, with
their deaths
H. Power, Esq.
others, were transferred to the cemetery.

plied that he
NEW
By
YORK.
181
would convey
offer
it
as a free gift for
cemetery
and
all to
be expended by a committee appointed by the comthis
purposes.
His
transferred and set
was thankfully accepted, and the land This was in apart as a burial-place.
close of that year the
mon
lars
council.
means two thousand

year
;
five
hundred dol-
1784; and near the

its
ground received
and although during the remaining four years the interest grew somewhat less, and the
was
raflsed
the
first
first
tenant,
Mrs.
Phebe, wife of Benjamin Folger.
yearly receipts were therefore diminished, yet the object of
man who was laid here was the donor. Colonel Van Alen,who died Dec. 15, 1784, respected and mourned by all who knew him. The two next interments are beThe
first
the association has been accomplished, and this ground, so

beautiful
by nature, has been improved and embellished, so

it
that, instead of being a neglected waste, as formerly,
is
lieved to have been those of
Hannah, wife of Gideon Gard-
ner (died April 26, 1785), and William
Mayhew, who
died
now an ornament people of Hudson
to the city
;
and an object of pride
to the
a lovely retreat, where, along the shaded

city,
July 13, 1785.
walks and avenues of the silent

the living city which
ie
portion of the lot was set apart, and soon after in-
lies
adjacent,
many un hour of
that
nearly
as populous as
leisure
closed, as a Friends' burying-ground.
We
do not know
spent in profitable musing
among
the graves of almost a
the precise time
when
it
was fenced, nor the area of land
century.
within the inclosure, though the old ground of the Friends

can yet be distinguished near the present small gate of the
cemetery.
searcher
among
the
inscriptions
mark these
graves will find here the names of
On
the 9th of March, 1795, the proprietors

to the city the burial-ground tract, ex-
men, the
first
proprietors of
many of those sterling Hudson the names of noble

;
conveyed by deed
cepting the part which the Friends had inclosed, which
was afterwards conveyed
to that society.
Thomas Jenkins
2,
and Alexander
Cofiin
were made a committee (June
women whose deeds of benevolence are well remembered, and whose memory will be green for many a year of judges and orators who added lustre to the annals of old Columbia, and of heroic men who died in defense of their country's flag,
;
1795) "to fence the burying-ground," but nothing appears In to have been done by them under this authority. 1798 the entire tract was inclosed Cotton Gelston and
;
on land and on the

beautiful or
There are few burial-places more sea. more interesting than the Hudson cemetery.
to
The ground has been added

present area
is
from time to time until
its
Samuel Edmonds being appointed by the council (May

10) " a committee to build a Suitable fence round the burying-ground of three Boards high, with red Cedar posts
about thirty acres.
The burial-ground comMiller.
missioners for 1878 are Frederick F. Folger, Allen Ross-
man, D. M. Haviland, and Stephen B.
and a suitable
gate,
and
to
have the Bushes cleared up from

the improvement
the said Ground."
The committee made

Four
shillings
religious,
friends' meeting.
as directed, and the cost of the

five shillings threepence.
same was eighty-four pounds
more was expended
for a lock,
which was procured by Reuben Folger.

enlargement of the ground was made in March,
The
first
As the Society of Friends was so strongly represented among the proprietore and first settlers of Hudson, it was
to be expected that this
1801, by purchase of land by the city from Joel Bliss, for the sum of one hundred and fifty-five dollars. This appears
to
denomination would be the
first to
erect a house of worship,
and such was the
case.
have been
in
advance of actual requirement, for we find
On
Sept. 8, 1784,
the proprietors, at a meeting duly
that soon after
James Laraby,
till
the sexton, requested and
received permission to
a part of the land.
On
the 1st
city
warned, resolved that whereas divers proprietors, members of the society called Quakers, had requested that a piece of
day of May, 1804, a committee was appointed by the
"round be
set apart for a
meeting-house and school-house,
council " to survey and stake out a public square adjoining
the Burying-Ground, and to take deeds of cession from the

persons holding lands which will be affected thereby
;
they should be authorized and empowered to make choice of such lot as they might think proper, and that such lot
and
tiie
should be a free
gift to
them on condition that they should
Common
Ground
"
Council will lay out such part of the said Buryingfall
erect thereon a meeting-house before a similar application
as shall
within the said square."

it
And
on the
5th of the same month
wa-s
ordained by the same body
Under this resolushould be liade by any other society. tion a lot was selected and conveyed, and very soon after a
buildin" was erected on
the "rant.
street,
it
That so much of the ground taken from the BuryingGround as is now left out be appropriated for a public
Square."
conformably to the condition of
The
it
lot
was upon the south side of Union
near the corner of Third street.
The meeting-house
in
For more than half a century from that time the
burial-
erected upon
was a small frame structure,
which the
ground received but

improve
little
care,
and remained neglected and

to
society held their undemonstrative worship for a period of
overgrown until about 1855, when an attempt was made

it,
ten years.
resulting in partial success

it
but the
effort
was
In 1794 the society, having so on a
much
lot
increased in
num-
not sustained, and
was not until 1872 that the work was
bers that their meeting-house had
become wholly inadewhich they had pur-
taken resolutely
in
hand, and prosecuted with an energy

results.
quate
to their wants, erected
which has produced excellent

sole purpose of
At
that time a
num-
chased (in the northeastern angle of Union

streets) a brick
and Third
ber of public-spirited citizens associated themselves for the
building fifty-two by thirty-eight feet in
improving and beautifying the cemetery, and

to
to that
end agreed each
pay a certain sum annually
for
dimension, two stories high, and of capacity to accommoIn accordance with the peculiar date six hundred people.
tenets of the sect, this building, both without and within,
the period of five years to produce a fund additional to the

insufficient
amount appropriated by the
city for the purpose.
was
totally
devoid of ornament and characterized by
its
182

The men on
all
NEW
YORK.
plain simplicity.
left side
occasions occupied the
of the house, the
women
the right
and
at times,
making them known to the world. While traveling in England she fell under the displeasure of the English
in
on particular occasions, a movable partition was used to divide the room and entirely separate the sexes.
Friends on this account, and upon her return to this country, in
From
this
1801, was disowned by the
sect.
time until 1854 this meeting-house was used by the Friends.
At
lot,
that time they sold one hundred feet front of their
including the meeting-house
site, to
the Methodist Episfifty
The early Friends at this place were nearly all seafaring men and interested in the (at that time) extensive commercial interests of Hudson. As that commerce waned and
died their numbers suffered depletion and loss by the re-
copal society, retaining a frontage of

street.
feet
on Union
moval of many, especially the younger persons,
to
other
Prior to this time, in the year 1828, a division occurred
and more promising
fields
of labor.
first
Nearly a century has

formed, and but a remsect.
by the preaching of pecuby Elias Hicks, and the support given to him by a portion of the members of the sect. His followers
in the Society of Friends, caused
liar doctrines
elapsed since the society was
nant remains of this once numerous and influential
assumed, or were given, the name of " Hicksite" Friends,

while the other branch of the society received the
"
title
THE FIRST PRESBVTERIAN CHtJRCH OF HUDSON.

The commencement of
is
of
the existing records of this church

is
Orthodox" Friends.
When
this separation occurred the
in the year 1790.
There
no doubt that a Presbyterian

before this, but
its
meeting in Hudson also became divided.
The
Hicksites
organization existed in
Hudson some time

its its
composed about three-fourths of the
society,
and they con-
we
find nothing
showing
numbers, the date of
forma-
tinued to hold the church property, while the Orthodox

Friends, being in the minority, removed to another place.
tion, or
the place where
members met
for divine
wor-
ship.
Soon
aftr the division the
London yearly meeting
fur-
On
the 23d of February, in the year above named, a

to the build-
nished them (the Orthodox branch) with funds for the
meeting was held for consultation in reference

ing of a Presbyterian house of worship
in
building of a house of worship, and with these funds they

erected a building on the south side of Union street, above
Hudson.
This
meeting
is
supposed to have convened
in the
then unfin-
the Court-house park
and this has continued
to be their to this
ished city hall, upon the site of the present church.
The
meeting-house until the present time.

property
is
The
in
title
moderator and the secretary of this meeting were respectively Captain
now
vested in the
New York
yearly meeting.
This Orthodox branch of the Friends

never had a minister.
Hudson have
first
committee was appointed
Thomas Frothingham and Elisha Jenkins. to make a draft of a building

its
They have been connected,
suitable for a place of worship, and to procure subscriptions

to a
with the Coeymans, and afterwards (since 18C8) with the
fund for
erection.
Three days
later,
at an
ad-
Poughkeepsie monthly meeting and with Stamford quarterly
journed meeting, this committee reported a plan with details,
meeting.
Their membership
is
at
present
about
and an estimate of
cost,
which was 865, equal to
twelve.
82162.50.
the Hicksites sold their meeting-house and site to
those
The
subscriptions had been generous.
Among
When
the
Methodists
they received
in
part
payment the
street,
in
old
Methodist church building on Diamond

to Charles
which
they held their meetings until about 1858, when they sold
it
who gave the largest sums were Marshall Jenkins, 100; Nathaniel Greene, 40; Russell Kellogg, 20; Samuel Nichols, 17; John Hathaway, 16; Elisha Jenkins, 12 and these were followed by othera who gave
;
Myers,
to be used as a dye-house,
and then
smaller sums, or who, in the lack of silver or gold, freely
erected their present meeting-house on the fifty feet of land
gave
such as they had,
timber,
bricks,
team-work, or
inter-
reserved in the sale of their original
lot.
Their church
personal labor.
Looking back
it
to that
day across the
property
is
now valued
at
is
S3000.
fifteen.
bers of their meeting

C.
The number of memTheir minister is Aaron

last forty
tTie
vening years,
seems as
if each
emulated his neighbor,
and that
all
were glad of the opportunity to contribute
Macy, wlio has held that position during the

and who
is
towa'rds the building of a house to be dedicated to the
God
yeai-s,
also
one of the trustees of
Hudson
of their fathers.
monthly meeting, the other two trustees being Augustus Angell, of Ghent, and Samuel Greene, of Athens.
At
the adjourned meeting above mentioned, Marshall
Jenkins, Captain
Among
Charles,
the prominent early Friends were Richard Alley,

Barzillai,
first
Russell Kellogg, and Samuel Nichols were

to
Thomas Frothingham, Nathaniel Greene, made trustees

had been donated by
also con-
Tristram, and Eliliu
Thomas, and Franklin Jenkins, Silas, Bunker (the latter was the
in
receive (he deed of the lot which
clerk
the
generous
and public-spirited proprietors, on Second

committee
thereupon the church
of the Hudson monthly meeting, established
1793), Peter
street
between Partition and Allen, and they were

to erect
and
Hannah Barnard, Eliab Coffin, Thomas Comstock, John AIsop, John Macy, John Williams, Nicholas Dean, and John Howard. Of these, Thomas Corastotk and Hannah
Barnard wore recommended ministers, and the
person of importance
latter
stituted a building
edifice.
an expert to
Under them, Cornelius Tobey was appointed as make contracts with the different workmen
a plain but solid
was a
and
artificers.
was a
among the members of the sect. She woman of medium height and slender form, with a
The church,
commenced
and commodious brick
building, large enough to seat five hundred worshipers, was

at once,
;
pleasant countenance and eyes black, keen, and penetrating.
but waa not completed until the au-
Possessing an inquisitive and thoughtful mind, and being
tumn of 1792
first
the congregation, in the

in
mean
time, con-
remarkably gifted
in
the use of language, she evolved ideas
tinuing to meet
the city building.
In this church
the
first sale
and principles
in
advance of her day, and was not backward
erected in the city of
Hudson
the
of pews
'

realized the
NEW
From
YOEK.
183
sum of 1635, almost double
the
amount of
'
acceptable pastor of the church until his death, in September, 1796.

|
the committee's estimate of the total cost of the church.
this time the pulpit
was variously sup-
In speaking of this old church, the Rev. George C. Yeisley,

in
plied until April
15,
1797, when Rev. Ezra Sampson, a

invitation to preach for one
his discourse delivered
July 16, 1876,

of
to
said, " It
was
j
resident of
Hudson, accepted an
surmounted by a
steeple
no
inconsiderable
its
height.
year, at the end of

interval of
which time he resigned.
During an
Those who had the vigor
climb to where
open win-
more than four years succeeding
his resignation
dows
invited the
summer
breezes, were rewarded
by a mag-
preaching was supplied by several dificrent clergymen, among
nificent ?iew of river
and mountain.
No
edifices cut oiF

hills
whom
was Rev. Chauncey Lee, who preached here

In 1802, Dec.
5,
for
more
the view from

sloping from
its
its
porches to the Hudson, and the

site to
than a year.
Rev. Reuben Sears was en-
commanding
was
the waters of the river
gaged for the term of six months, at the end of which time
were covered with the brightest verdure.
The
bell that
he was unanimously elected pastor, and

of five hundred dollars per annum.
settled with a salary
hung
in its belfry
for a long time the only bell that
His successor was the
called the inhabitants of the city to their
morning
labors,
rest.*
and announced the coming of the welcome hour of

.
. .
Rev. John Chester (afterwards D.D.), who was ordained at Hudson on the 21st of November, 1810, and on the same
The weather-vane
edifice, are
that surmounts the lower, and the
day installed pastor of this church,
in
which
relation
he con-
broad stone that has been
made
the threshold of our present
tinued for about five years, and was dismissed Oct. 15, 1815,
at his
church
the only remains of the structure in
own
request, to accept a call to a church in Albany.
which
for nearly half a century the fathers of this congre.

. .
The
pulpit remained vacant until Jan. 8, 1816,

installed pastor.
when Rev.
of
gation worshiped God.
Yet while the
old church on
sight,
Benjamin F. Stanton was

pastorate constituted a
this church.
Mr. Stanton's
Second street has thus passed away from
with so
souls
marked period
in the early history
many of
within
the good and worthy that refreshed

courts, its
tiieir
His sermons were regarded the most
elo((ucnt
its
plain
walls
and plainer
its
interior, its
that were delivered from the pulpit of the old church, and
green blinds and high-backed pews,
elevated pulpit with

it,
produced most powerful
effects
on the large audiences that
the huge sounding-board hanging over extinguish the preacher

place, I
threatening to
still
crowded the
sen were
edifice to
hear them.
Molleti,
elders,
During
his pastorate
beneath,
all
these
hold a
David Auchenvole, David

ordained
ruling
and James Van Deuand William 0. King
am
sure,
among
the cherished memories of many.

after the
There may they remain, even
hour that summons

a city and temple
deacon.
them
not
to
worship
Him who
is
spirit, in
On
lations
the 20th day of April, 1824, Mr. Stanton asked the
made with hands,
eternal in the heavens."
presbytery of Columbia for a dissolution of his pastoral re-
Until
the spring of
1793 the church was served by

and
the congregation, entered
on account of his continued

in
ill
health.
His request
irregular supplies, but at that time Marshall Jenkins
was reluctantly acquiesced
by the commissioners ap-
Ambrose Spencer, on behalf of

Wall Street church,
being extended
in
pointed by the church, Rufus Reed, John Raynor, and
intoa correspondence with Rev. John Rogers, D.D., of the
David Auchenvole.
New
York, with a view
to secure a
in a call
On
the 7th of September following the Rev. William
pastor for the church in Hudson.

to the
This resulted
Chester, brother of Rev.
John Chester, was
installed pastor,
Rev. Mr. Thompson, a young Scotch

in
clergyman, then preaching

in
Wilmington,
Del.,
first
and who
pastor of
November
of that year was installed as the
this church, with a
promised salary of one hundred and
During John Raynor, James Van Douson, William 0. King, Warren Rockwell, Rufus Reed, and Campbell Bushnell were duly elected elders, and Barnabas Waterman
and served tho church acceptably
his pastorate
for eight years.
seventy-five pounds a year.

ever,
On
account of
ill
health,
how-
and Frederick
J.
Barnard deacons.
They were
all
ordained
ac-
he was compelled
to
resign in
1794, when he was

as the
by the pastor, Nov. 27, 1825.

count of continued
ill
Mr. Chester resigned on
succeeded by Rev. Bildad Barney,
who continued
health in 1832.
^ This bell was
fit
that time a matter of no little pride to the citi-
Onthe22d of November, 1832, the congregation appointed Warren Rockwell and Edward C. Thurston a committee to
offer the
zens of Hudson.
It
was the
first
bell in
the city,
and migtit be
then vacant pulpit to the Rev. Jared B. Water-
termed the ofBcial
bell,
being rung by authority.
March, 1795,
it
was resolved by tho council -'that

city,
On tho 2:id of James Frazer be

tliat
bury, D.D.,
who had
recently resignct^ a charge in Portsfor
and he
is
hereby appointed bellman of tho
and
he be paid
mouth, N. H.
After preaching here most acceptably
16 per year by the Chamberlain. And that the belt be rung at sunrise in the morning, at 12 o'clock at noun, and at o'clock in the evening, and to continue ringing not Icfs than Hve minutes at any one time on working days; and on Sundays at 9 .nnd 10 o'clock in the morning, 1 and 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and 9 o'clock at night." Nathan Folger and Peter Hall were successors
for that service
*J
several Sabbaths, he
was duly
installed pastor of the

in the position
church
February 20, 1833, and continued
with un-
rivaled success for nearly fourteen jeai-s, during the first
part of which pastorate their present house of worship on
Warren
street
was erected.
The
congregation had become
of Frazer as bell-ringers.
the largest in the city, and one of the most prominent in the valley of the Hudson.
street
edifice
The city clock was also placed in the tower of this church. In ISDl (August S) the council resolved " that Mr. Pratt and Reuben
Folger be a committee to procure a suitnble clock, with three be placed
in
The
old
church on Second
dials, to
had become too small, and the erection of a new
the steeple of the Presbyterian meeting-house, and that

to
had been
for
some time
in contemplation.
In
1835
they be authorized
that purpose, to
in the
be'
procure a
sum
not exceeding f2U0 on loan for
three lots (the old court-house site) at the corner of
WarIt
applied with the
Bank
The
for that purpose."
sum already subscribed and now That committee reported, Oct. 9,

was
$-166.23.
ren and Fourth streets were purchased at $4000, and the
1S02, that they had placed the clock in the steeple, agreeably to directions.
present imposing stone church was erected upon them.
cost of clock
and
dials
was dedicated
May
24, 1837, in the presence of an
immense
184
HISTORy OF COLUMBIA COUNTY,
NEW
YORK.
auditory, the services being conducted by the pastor, the Rev.
John N. Lewis, of Brooklyn, and other

cost of the church
clergynien.
The
two of the proprietors, were appointed a committee to confer with Mr. Wigton and give hirn " the choice of any lot not
occupied for other purposes, and sufficiently large to accom-
was S21,500
the building committee in
charge of the work being composed of Elisha Jenkins,
modate him and
his society."
The Methodists
reported to
Kufus Reed, Samuel Anable, Alexander

miah Bamo, and Campbell Bushneli.
ing was offered at public
sale,
C. Mitchell, Jereold church build-
the committee they had selected a lot on the southeast corner
The
of the " Second Cross street," now Third and Diamond

streets.
bought, in by the trustees, and
The committee were

lot
directed
bj'
the proprietors
by them
sold to Rev.
William Chester, a former pastor.
to
convey the
is
to
them.
The
deed, dated
March 20,
to
During Dr. Waterbury's pastorate Barnabas Waterman,
1790,
from Marshall Jenkins and Cotton Gelston
Lawrence L. Van Dyke, Nathan Chamberlin,

Gary Jlurdock, Charles Paul, John Gaul,
Israel Piatt,
Samuel Wigton, witnessed by Thomas Jenkins and Hczckiah Dayton.
Jr.,
and Josiah
W.
Fairfield
were elected
elders,
and Jesse Williams, Peter
small frame building, capable of seating two hundred,

side of the lot adjoining
its
Van Deusen, David

Philip
Dalzell,
William E. Parkman, and

in
was soon erected on the south

Prison alley.
K. Burger deacons.
This pastorate closed
1846,
There
is
no record of
cost or dedication.
and was succeeded by that of Rev. Henry Darling, now

the pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian church of Albany,
This was used for public worship and

until 1825.
all
church purposes
The
following are the names of the preachers
who was
relation
ordained to
llic
ministry Dec. 30, 1846, and on
who occupied
than 1808.
the pulpit
the same day was insudled pastor of this church, in which
part of a large circuit.

It
he continued until April 4, 1853, during which
when the appointment formed a They cannot be traced back farther then formed part of Chatham circuit, with
as preachers.
period Nathan Chamberlain, Peter
Van Deusen, and Far-
Smith Arnold and Friend Draper
In 1809,
nura White were elected elders, and William E. Parkman,
Aaron B.
Scott,
and Sidney Seymour deacons.

S.
in-
Zalmon Lyon and Friend Draper; 1810, Peter Moriarity and John Haskins; 1811, Seth Cronell and John B.
Matthias;
The
Lcavitt,
successor of Dr.
Darling was Rev. William whose pastorate extended from the date of his
1812, John Crawford and John B. Matthias;

In 1814 the ap-
1813, John Crawford and Cyrus Culver.
stallation,
Nov. 22, 1853,
to the spring of
1867, when he
pointment was called Hudson, with Joseph Crawford as

pastor;
resigned to accept a charge in Northampton, Mass.
1815, Phinehas
Rice.
In
1816
it
was
called
The next
call
pastor.
Rev. David R. Frazer, was installed
Chatham and Hudson, and William Ross and Henry Eamcs

were the preachers.
In 1817
it
Feb. 5, 1868, and dismissed

to the First Presbyterian
May
23, 1872, to accept a
was connected with Chat-
church of Buffalo.
He
was
ham
Billy
circuit,
with Phinehas Rice and Henry
Eames
1818,
succeeded by Rev. Milton Waldo, D.D., installed Dec. 12,
Hibbard and Peter Bussing;

;
1819, Andrew
1872, and dismissed at
iiis
request, April 27, 1875.
During
the two last-mentioned pastorates
Abraham
S. Peet,
Aaron
Kaine and David Brayton David Brayton. In 1821
1820, William
it
McAnson and
and
was
called
Chatham
B. Scott, Sidney Seymour, Franklin H. Webb, Samuel R.
Hudson, with William Anson, Gershom Pierce, and Horace
Rainey, and Richard Graves, Jr., were elected elders, and Samuel Edwards and Samuel R. Rainey deacons. The present pastor, Rev. George C. Ycisley, was installed Dec.
30, 1875.
Weston
as preachers.
In 1822
it
was again
called Hud.son,
with George Coles as pastor; also in 1823. In 1825 a brick church building, having about double
the capacity of the old one, was erected at the corner of
In 1876. the house of worship was enlarged and im-
Diamond and Third
streets,
and
this
continued to be their
proved at a cost exceeding 25,000.

the church as
twenty-five.
The membership of
place of worship for twenty-nine years.*
George C.
S.
now reported on its roll is four hundred and The present officers of the church are Pastor, Yeisley Elders, John Gaul, Jr., J. W. Fairfield,
;
On
into
the 22d of February, 1853, an agreement was entered
between the Society of Friends and the Methodist
Episcopal church, by which the property belonging to the
Seymour, A. B.
;
Scott,
A.
S. Peets,
Samuel R. Rainey,
Methodist church was exchanged for a
lot
on Third street
It being deter-
R. Graves, Jr.
field,
Trustees, Lucius Moore, George B. Fair-
between Cherry
alley
in
and Union
street.
Jason Johnson, J. N. Townsend, H. B. Miller.

in
mined
to proceed
the erection of a
new church, Allen

(still
The Sabbalh-schoul was organized

of scholars now attending
is
1825.
The number
fifty.
Reynolds, S.
W.
Blake, and C. V. H. Morrison were ap-
over .three hundred and
pointed a building committee.
The church
is
occupied
Superintendents, Samuel R. Rainey, A. S. Peets, and Miss
by the society) was built at a cost of 18,500, and was

dedicated
Kate B. Gaul.
June
22, 1854.
six
Its capacity
sufficient for the
accommodation of about
hundred persons.
1832, changed into a
TQE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The Methodist was the third church organization effected Hudson. The date of its commencement is not preknown, but
it
The
old church building erected in 1790, and vacated as
a house of worship in 1825, was, in
in
parsonage, and occupied as such until 1844,
when
it
was
cisely
is
certain
for
that prior to
in
1700
this de-
demolished, and a good brick house was built upon the
nomination held meetings
worship
rise
a house
owned by
same
site
and for the same purpose.
The preachers who

until the present
Samuel Wigton, which stood on a

alley, a short distance east
of ground in Cherry
have labored here since the year 1823, and
of Front
street.
time, and the dates of their service, have been as follows :f

5 It was afterwards occupied as a meeting-house b}' the Friends. " Print Works" church was t From 1832 to 1336, both inclusive, the supplied hy the Hudson ministers.
In 1790 the society, through Mr. Wigton, applied to

the proprietors of
Hudson
for
lot
on which
to erect
more
suitable edifice.
Marshall Jenkins and Cotton Gelston,
rhoto. by F. Forshew, Hiidso;
For half a century, Mr. Gifford has been

the business interests and the social
life
iJontificJ with
Other citizens, he early took an active part in the establishniont of railroads and other enterprises calculated for the
benefit of the city.
shire,
of the city of
in
Hudson.
Silas
He
was born on the 7th day of July, 170G, His
He helped to build the Hudson and Berkof the Boston and
the town of Greenfield, Saratoga Co., N. Y.
iKUciits,
now
the
Hudson branch
Albany
and Elizabeth (Robinson) GifFurd, were natives uf

;
railroad, of
till
which he was a director from the organization
Massachusetts
the former was born in the town of Dartlatter
the road was sold and consolidated with the main Boston
line.
mouth, and the
on one of the Elizabeth Islands, off
and Albany
He
has also been a
member and
director
first to
New
Bedford.
They
settled in Greenfield, Saratoga county,
of various other corporations.

establish the Farmers'
He
was one of the
in 1795,
where they spent the remainder of

till
their lives,
and
Bank of Hudson, immediately

president,
after
where Elihu was reared and resided
twenty-seven yeare
the p.assago of the free banking law in 1839, of which he
of age, following the occupation of a tanner and shoemaker,

to
was elected the
first
and held that
oflice
for
which business he was bred by his

His advantages
father,
who pursued
district to
twenty-five consecutive years.
the same trade.
for education were quite
Often solicited to accept responsible positions
in
connec-
limited, being such only as
were afforded by the

to
tion with the municipal aSiiirs of the city, he has almost
schools of that day.
His early ambition was
improve
uniformly declined, and has only been a few times alderman

of the ward
in
the best of his ability the opportunities to acquire knowledge,
which he
resides.
In connection with the
and
to strike
out upon an independent course of

in
life
schools, charitable institutions,

cial
manufacturing and commerGifi'ord
for himself.
In July, 1817, he was united
marriage
to
interests of the city,

full
Mr.
has been active, and
Eliza
R. Starbuck, daughter of Charles and Elizabeth

After his
done his
share to promote and advance these interests,
Starbuck, of Easton, Washington Co., N. Y.
serving as a trustee of the academy, at which several of

his sons were prepared for college.
marriage, he continued five years in the leather and shoe

business in Greenfield, at the expiration of which time he
He
has been blessed

five
with a family of eleven children, six sons and

all
daughters,
removed
to
Hudson, where he arrived
in
1823, and bought
of
whom
have come up
to respectable positions in society.
an interest in the iron foundry, becoming a

firm of Starbuck, Giffbrd
for years.
&
Co., the only foundry in

this interest
member of the Hudson

and his part in
citizen
The daughters were educated
at the
Hudson Female Acad-
In connection with
emy, under the direction of Rev. John B. Hague. Mrs. Gilford has been an early and prominent member
of the Baptist church, of which also several of her children
are members.
public
afi'airs,
he has been a well-known and influential

this, rearing a
of Hudson from that day to
family which have
attained to respectable and honorable positions in society.
of the
She has been for many years first directress Hudson Orphan Asylum, being the successor of Mrs.
Sanford R. Gilford, one of the sons,
is
For
several years prior to the construction of the Boston

railroad,
McKinstry, who, with Mrs. T. G. Freeman, founded the

institution.
and Albany
he was engaged quite extensively
in
a dis-
the forwarding business, shipping the produce of this country
tinguished landscape painter, and has pursued his art studies

in Italy and various parts of Europe.
by
vessels to the city of
New
York.
In connection with

1824-25.
NEW
YORK.
185
18o

society's
NEW
YORK.
;
The
present house of worship, a large stone
A. J. Rowles;
Lady Superintendent, Miss Sophia Peakc
edifice of remariiable
symmetry, and occupying

185'^,
a beautiful
Librarian, Charles Dewecse.
Number
uf teachers, twenty
;
site upon the southeastern corner of East Court and Union
number of
scholars,
one hundred and seventy-five
books
streets,
was completed
in
and was consecrated
in
in library, five
hundred.
October of that year by the Right Rev. Bishop Potter.
The
cost of this church, including that of the lots on
which
the chapel and rectory have since been erected, was about
THE FIRST UNIVEKSALIST SOCIETY AND CHURCH OP THE CITY OF HUDSON

(such
is its
SoO.OOO.
corporate iiame) was organized
March
17,
1817,
During the rectorship of the Rev.

nearly ninety years ago, by Captain
Jlr.
Seymour the
to the
society built a brick chapel near the cemetery, on land sold
which time or shortly afterwards seventy-nine persons signed the compact and declaration of faith.
at
John Hathaway,
The
first
pastor was Rev.
Joshua Flagg; and Gayer
Hudson Aqueduct
service
Association.
In this chapel a week-day
Gardner, Hczekiah Dayton, Miron Acly, Joseph Watson,
and a Sunday-afternoon service are held regularly.

is
William R. Macy, Peter Taylor, and William Bates were

the
fii-st
The Sunday-school attendance

ers
about thirty-five teach-
trustees.
The deed of
the original church
lot,
and three hundred
scholars.
situated at the southwest corner of Third and .\llen streets,
bore date
THE BAPTIST CHURCH OF HUDSON

was organized
at the court-house,
Hathaway.
It con-
May 28, 1817, and was a gift from Captain John He died in the following March, and the disfirst
Aug. 28, 1810.
course delivered over his remains was the
funeral ser-
sisted of twelve
persons,
namely, John Caprou, William
mon
St.
preached in the house of worship.
The
building,
now
Foster, Charles
Brown, Abraham Butts, Lyman Webster,

Smith,
Mary's school-house, cost S3000.

its
Hester Brown, Dorcas Butts, Peggy Hathaway, Rebecca

Bolles,
Previously to
services in leaves
little
erection, the Universalists held religious
E.sther
Mary Tracy, and Mary

first
Skinner.
the court-house.
document
still
preserved
Rev. Henry Jenks was the

ministry are not known.
pastor
the dates of his
doubt that Rev. Abner Kneeland was regularly

a part of that time
;
employed during
it
but whether any other

Rev. Joshua Flagg
Twenty ministers have served in the pastorate, viz., Revs. Henry Jenks, James Ogilbic, Avery Briggs, Howard Malcolm, Ebenezer Looniis, William Richards, Israel Robards,
is
impossible
his
now
to
determine
closed
pastorate in
October, 1817, shortly after the

edifice,
in
consecration
of the church
and was succeeded by
Moses Field, John Gibbs, E. D. Towner, T.

Leroy Church,
Gr.
Freeman,
P. Smith,
Rev. David Pickering, then
his prime,
whose
services,
George W. Hervey, George

VV. Folwell,
William
extending through nearly six years, were eminently condua;ive to the prosperity of the church.
W.
C. Ulgatt,
N. K. Bennett, G.
W.
He was
followed, in
Clowe, D. Gary, and
W. H. Wines.
between Second and Third
streets.
1823, by Rev. Thos. F. King, father of the distinguished

Thos. Starr King,
The
early services of the church were held in a schoolstreet,
who about
a year later was succeeded by
house on Union
Rev. Richard
Canique, whose pastorate of a single year

honors which he continued to enjoy
life.
The first house of worship was opened for public June 7, 1818, on the corner of Fourth and State
and the Lancaster
the
service
streets.
gave place
to civic
in
the city to the close of his
Early in 1825, Rev. Mr.
This house was erected at the joint expense of the church

society, the lower part being used for
King returned
to his charge,
and during nearly three and a

its
half years more
he performed
duties.
Another ex-
Lancaster school.
The
street
present
church
edifice
was
pastor then returned,
Rev.
in
Joshua Flagg,
and
at
tha
erected during the ministry of Rev.
W.
C.
Ulgatt, on
expiration of a year he gave place to Rev. T. J.
Whitcomb.
the corner of
Union
4,
and City Hall
place,
and
it
Under Mr. Whitcomb,
August,
the
1830, the Sabbathas superintendent.
was dedicated Oct.
1861.
Rev. William Hague, D.D.,
school was organized, with
pastor
in
preached the sermon, and the prayer of dedication was

offered
Rev. William Whittaker succeeded

without any interval, and continued
September, 1832,
charge six years.
by Rev. G. W. Folwell, pastor of the church.
In
in
the
ewning of
the same day services of recognition of the
Then,
after
Rev. D. Acly's brief term of eighteen months,

still
pastor wore held. Rev. William Groome, Jr., preaching the
Rev. Clement F. Le Fevre,

his deserved
living,
and wearing meekly

yeai-s,
sermon.
honor of D.D., served the parish four

all.
The
following are the officers of the church at the pres-
endearing himself to
j
Another term of eighteen months

the United
ent lime: Pastor,
W. H. Wines;
;
Deacons, Robert Roberts,
was then
Collins,
filled
by Rev. B. B. Bunker, when Rev. Gamaliel

in
R. B. Benedict, A. J. Rowles
tecs,
Clerk, Milo P.
J.
Moore
Trus-
now, and during the war, a chaplain
S. L.
Magoun, R. B. Benedict,
W.
French, A. J.
States army, gave six years of most efficient service, retiring

to accept a
Rowles.
charge
in
Philadelphia.
Under him the SabRevs.
Up
to
the present time eleven hundred and ninety-six
bath-school attained to large numbers and usefulness.

L. C. Browne, Thos.
Snell
persons have united with the church, seven hundred and
Borden, A. R. Abbott, and Nelson
whom united by baptism. The present number is two hundred. The Sabbutli-school was organized May, 1821, under the ministry of Rev. Howard Malcolm, D.D. Mr. Van was the superintendent Mrs. Howard Malcolm was lady
eighty-three of
;
followed in the order
named.
is
The
present pastor.
Rev. Charles
his service.
W.
Tomiin.son,
now
in
the eleventh year of
In February, 1809, the new house of worship, situated
upon the north side of Warren

cated
;
street,
near Fifth, was dedi-
superintendent.
the sermon upon that occasion
being preached by
laid
in
The
officers at
the present time are:
Superintendent,
the pastor.
The
corner-stone had been
October,

18G7.
It
is
NEW
YORK.
187
in the
Romanesque
style,
with spacious audiclass-
The
was
first
pastor, the
Rev. George H. Fisher, was called
torium, fine organ, and well-appointed lecture and
from the First Reformed Dutch church of FLshkill, and

installed on
rooms.
Its
cost
was nearly 840,000, and

its
it
was entirely
the 20th of October, 1835, upon which
freed from debt the year following
completion.
The
occasion a sermon was preached by the Rev. Christopher
parish also
owns
a fine brick parsonage adjoining the church,
Hunt, from John

charge
the charge to
ii.
17.
The form was
read and the
valued at 80000, which, together with extensive improve-
to the pastor
ments upon
stry, long
it
and a fund
fur its preservation,
was the gen-
was delivered by the Rev. A. N. Kittle, the congregatfon being delivered by the Rev. was dismissed
erous gift of Miss Sarah A. Gage.
Hon. Robert McKin-
Richard Sluyter.
Mr.
Fisher
to
one of Hudson's most honored business men, and

fifty
become
pastor
of the
for
to
more than
years a trustee of the parish, bequeathed

life
Broome
Street church.
New
York, Dec. 28, 1841.

John's
the church, subject to certain
claims, a residuary
After the sale of the court house, the congregation met
sum of 320,000.
The Macy;
C. A.
Thus
there
is
an unincumbered church
on several Sabbaths
hall
in
the Baptist church.
St.
property of about 870,000.

present deacons are
trustees,
was then occupied

edifice,
until the completion of the present
J.
W.
Hoysradt, H.
Lemuel Holmes and Richard W. Rogers, C. H.
church
which was
built in 1836,
under the direction
of a building committee composed of Stephen
W.
Miller,
Evans, Lemuel Holmes, C. 0. Terry,
W. H.
Crapser, and
Joseph D. Monell, James E. Delamater, William E. Heermance, Abraham V. V. Elting.

It
Van Deusen.
him.
C. C. Terry
is
the superintendent of
was dedicated Dec. 18,
the Sabbath-school, having twenty-five teachers and officers

to assist
forty.
1836, when a sermon was preached by Rev. John H.
Van
The
pupils
number about one hundred and

volumes
in
There are nearly eight hundred

five
the
Wagenen, pastor of the church at Linlithgo, from John ' X. 22 And it was at Jerusalem, the feast of the dedica:
Sunday-school library, and over

of the
hundred more
in that
tion,
and
it
was winter."
first
The Lord's Supper was adminislast
Young
People's Union.
The
latter organization
laboi's
was
tered for the
time on the
Lord's day in January,
accomplished three years ago, through the

present pastor, and
tellectual
is
of the
1836.
At
that time there were seventeen communicants,
intended to serve the social and inof

the young.
and
at the first renting of
pews the society numbered about
needs
is
especially
Hon. J.
W.
fifty.
The second
pastor, the Rev.
John Gosman, D.D., was
Hoy.sradt
president of the Union.

in
called
from the Reformed Dutch churches of Coeymansand
Mrs. Sally McKinstry, ever active

the founder of the
good works, was
New
Baltimore, and installed
May
15, 1842, the installation
evening on earth
Hudson Orphan Asylum, and her last was spent in its service. Her husband,
fell
services being performed
by the Rev. Andrew N. Kittle.
After ten years of service with this church, the state of

Dr. Gosman's health compelled him to ask a release from
the pastoral charge, which was granted April 20, 1852.
Hon. Robert McKinstry, took up the tasks which

her hands, and his
institution.
last
from
earthly
work was
also
done for that
The
was
IN
third pastor, the Rev. David D. Demarest, D.D.,
called
from the Second Reformed Dutch church of
THE REFORMED CHURCH

Believing
that
HUDSON.*
for
there existed
room and necessity
J., and was installed Aug. 1, 1852, on which occasion the Rev. John G. Johnson preached a ser-
New
Brunswick, N.
another church organization in Hudson, a few individuals,

then connected with the Presbyterian church, met, in the
mon from
Galatians
vi.
14.
The form was
read by the
Rev. Ira C. Boyce, the charge to the pastor delivered by

the Rev. Cornelius E. Crispell, and the charge to the congregation by the Rev. Jacob N. Voorhis.
summer of 1835, at the office of Joseph D. Monell for consultation. The meeting was composed of Joseph D. Monell, John Gaul, Killian Miller, Stephen W. Miller, A. V. V. Elting, William E. Heermance, and James E.
Delamater.
The
lyn,
pastor succeeding Mr. Demarest was the Rev.

in
John
McClellan Holmes, from the Lee Avenue church,
Brook-
who remained
until
June
1,
1877, and was succeeded

B.
Desirous that the new organization should
be
of the
by the present
pastor, the Rev.
Thomas
is
McLeod, from
Reformed Dutch
application
to
order, they, with other
citizens,
made
the Presbyterian church at Batavia, N. Y.
the classis of Rensselaer, and, September
At
the present time the membership

fifty.
about four hunis
20, 183.5, a society was organized by a committee consisting
dred and
The
location of their house of worship

street,
of the Rev. Messrs.
Andrew N.
as
Kittle, Peter S.
Wynkoop,
on the south, side of Warren
below Fifth.
It is a
and Richard Sluyter,

church of Hudson.
the Reformed Protestant Dutch
brick edifice, having a seating capacity of seven hundred
sermon was preached on the occa-
and
fifty,
and costing
originally about 817,000.

it
During
sion by the Rev. Peter S.
Wynkoop.
the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Holmes

larged and entirely remodeled,
,at
was materially en-
services were held in the old court-house, and sermon was preached by the Rev. John B. Hardenburgh, D.D., then of Rhinebeck, afterwards of New
first
Their
an expense of nearly
the
first
820,000.
The
a
little
society
owns
good brick parsonage
in Allen street,
York
city.
The
fii-st
consistory ordained was composed of

viz.
:
north of the Court-House park.
This was pur-
the following persons,

Elting,
Elders,
John Watrous, A. V. V.
Mesick
Everts,
;
chased during the pastorate of Rev. Dr. Demarest, having
Jonathan Stow, Thomas F.
Deacons,
been previously occupied by the Presbyterians as the

dence
of their
pastor,
resi-
Robjrt D.
Deusen.
Van Deusen, Jacob
C.
Jacob Van
the
Rev.
Dr.
Waterbury.
Is
The
present valuation of the church property
835,000.
Connected with
' Furnished by S. D. Miller, Eiq.
this churcli
is
a flourishing
Jlr.
Sabbath-
school,
now under the superiutendency of
Robert M.
188
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YOUK.

It has existed for
Shcpard.
more than
forty years, having
ST.
JOHN
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH

12,
been
first
organized in the winter of 183G-37.
was organized with thirty-nine members, Nov. by Rev. William Hull, who has remained
the present time.
Its first trustees
its
1866,
ST.
mart's ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.

first
pastor until
were Richard HallenF. Miller, Peter

Shaller.
Its first
This, the
Roman
in
Catholic church in Columbia county,
beck. Dr. William

I.
M. Holsapple, Abram
was organized
first
1847 by Rev. William

in St.
Howard.
hall.
meetings were held
John's Masonic
The The
Bachman, John Pulver, and Frederick

Its
first
elders were Rev. William Sharts, Alfred R. Westfall,
and
G.
next year the church,

cated.
It has since
a brick edifice,
was erected and dedi-
Jeremiah Wagoner.
deacons were
Stephen
been improved at various times, and

Subsequently, the society
George, Charles H. Lown, and Lewis
W. Bachman.
services; at
will seat six
hundred people.
its
For two years and
a half the society hired the use of the
has
made
additions to
property, and
now
owns,- in addia
old Universalist church for
Sunday afternoon
tion to the
church on South Third
street, a convent,
the end of that time the Universalists, having built a
new
school-building, corner of South Third and Allen streets,
church on Warren
street, sold
the old building to the
Roman
73 Allen street. The total valuation of the property in 1871 was S30,000. The school was established by Rev. William Howard,
and a
pastoral
residence at
Catholics for a school,
when
the Presbyterians invited this
society to worship in their building until the completion of
the Lutheran church, then
in
course of erection on the

streets.
some two or three years after the church was built. It was for a time under the management of Professor Mayot, and
afterwards of Miss Bowes.
Since,
it
corner of North Sixth and
Diamond
has been under the
chaise of the Sisters connected with the convent (of
whom
there are six), and has an attendance of about four hundred

scholars.
The new church was completed and dedicated Sept. 2, 1869, Rev. Dr. Henry N. Pohlman, of Albany, president of the New York synod, preaching the consecration sermon. The building is fifty by eighty feet in dimensions, contains
one hundred and twenty-six pews, and cost about 825,000.
The James
this
pastors of the church have been Revs.

S. O'Sullivan,
Wm.
Howard,
The
present
fifty,
number of members on the

of
roll is
one hun-
Peyton, and
Thomas Keating, D.D., James J. Smith, who began his connection with
is
dred and
whom
about one hundred reside in the
immediate
vicinity.
church
in
1877, and
the present pastor.
There
is is
The
following persons are
a temperance society connected with the church, which

fully
Trustees, Richard Hallenbeck,
now officers of the church John W. Hol.sapple, Lewis

:
mentioned elsewhere.
W. Bachman,
Potts;
Elders,
Walter Coons, Robert Allison, Jonas L.

William
ZION METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (COLORED).

This society was organized March 12, 1855, by Rev.
M. Holsapple,
M.D., Thomas
Lasher, Stephen H. Lasher; Deacons, Peter F. Bachman,
Valentine Raab, A. C. Obermeyer.
Wesley Marshall.
twenty-five persons.
It
then comprised
membership of
The
Sunday-.school was organized on the
first
Sunday
in
January, 1870, by Rev.

intendent.
Wm.
Hull,
who was
elected super-
In the year following the church bought of the Baptist

society their conference-room, on the corner of
North Third
of worship.
and Partition
streets,
and
fitted it
up
for a place
This was used as the regular place of meeting until the

spring of 186U,
Eugene D. Smith was the first, and is the The school commenced with twenty-two scholars, and now numbers twenty-two officers and teachers and one hundred and five scholars. The library comprises
present, secretary.
when the
society united with the
Wesleyan*
about two hundred and

of the school are
:
fifty
volumes.
The
present officers
Methodists, the combined organization retaining the
name
Superintendent, Rev. William

;
Hull
of Zion church.
The Wesleyans had
previously purchased
Assistant Superintendent, Franklin
the old Episcopalian church, corner of North Second and

State streets, for the
at the
Eugene D. Smith
rian, Willie J.
Treasurer,
W. Taylor Secretary, Lewis W. Bachman Libra;
sum of eighteen hundred
dollars,
and
Decker.
time of uniting the former Zion church paid the
sum
and
of three hundred and sixty dollars as their share of
AHAVE SHOLEM.
[.iF.wisii
the expense.
is
This building was improved at various times,

at
eo.tonEO.VTiO-v
of
iiirnsoM.]
now valued
$8000.
This
congregation
was
incorporated
May
in
21,
18GS.
street,
The
liams,
pastors (as near as
may
be in the order of their
Their synagogue,
a brick edifice located

streets,
on Diamond
service) have been Revs.
Wesley Marshall, John A. WilJoseph P. Thompson, Demp-
between Fifth and Sixth

cost of
was built
for
1870, at a
Rees,
Butler,
$8000, and has seating capacity
about one hun-
sey Canaday, Jenkins Williams, Josiah Biddle, J. S. Powell,
dred and twenty-five persons.
Joseph P. Thompson, Joseph G. Smith, James H. Anderson, E. J. Miller,

is
The
present officers of the congregation are: President,

;
Thomas 0. R.
Williams.
The
latter,
who
Julius Solomon
Vice-President, Joseph Segall

;
Secretary,
the present pastor, began his service here in May, 1878.
Nathan Dosetiheira
Treasurer,
Mark
Sylvester; Trustees,
The
present membership of the church
is
one hundred and
M.
Harris,
M.
Greenthal.
ten, of
whom
the
sixty-five are probationers.
The
Their
Jumes M.
Hill,
congregation
now numbers about twenty members.
last leader
was the Rev. Isaac Rosenthal.
On
I5th of Mny, 1843, Win. CuminiDgs,
Franklin P. Livingston, John Jackson, Moses Johnson, and their

successors, were incorporated, to
tees of the First
I
ST.
Matthew's German evangelical Lutheran

CHURCH.
service
e called
and known as " the Trusin the
Wesleynn Methodist Church
City of Hudson."
Very
little
of their history can be ascertained.
The
first
preceding
the
organization
of
this
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUMTY,

church was held
at the city hall
NEW
YORK.
189
on Sunday, Feb.
7,
1869,
by the Rev. A. E. Frey, then pastor of Sc. John's church Two weeks later the same clergyman held anat Ghent.
other service in the same hall, and on this occasion the
organization of the church was effected.
It
HUDSO.V YOUNG .MEN S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.

In the spring of 18G6, Mr.
for several years
James
Gifford,
an active
member
of the Boston
who had been Young
was soon
after incorporated
under the above name, the
Men's Christian Association, and others, feeling the need of an organization in our city whose object should be " the
development of Christian character and activity among
its
first officers
being Rev. A. E. Frey, pastor; John Menick,

;
Friedrich Jlaisenbacher, elders
Herman
Dernell,
Magnus
and
in
members, the promotion of evangelical
religion,
social
and the
condition
Herbs, August Schreiber,
Sr., trustees.
office,
improvement of the
with this end
in view.
spiritual, moral,
a.ssociate
first
and
In August, 1870, Pastor Frey resigned his
of young men," agreed to
themselves together
this
March, 1871, the charge of the congregation was assumed
The
meeting for
purpose
org-an-
by the Rev. C.
on State
J.
Renz, the present pastor.

lot, fifty
was held April 26, and the

feet,
association
was formally
In May, 1870, a
street,
by one hundred and twenty

streets,
ized
May
first
21, 186G, the following persons being chosen for
between Fourth and Fifth
was pur-
the
S.
executive committee
James
S.
Gifford, president
chased for eight hundred dollars, on which, in 1873, the

present church edifice was erected at a cost of nearly thirteen
R. Lawrence, vice-president
;
R. Rainey, correspond;
ing secretary
thousand
dollars,
and was dedicated on the
first
Sunday
in
Parton, treasurer
Theo. M. P. Moore, recording secretary R". B. Benedict, Thomas Tilley, F. H.

;
Advent, by the pastor, assisted by Revs. P. Eirich, of

Albany, Ch. Wiegel, of Rome, N. Y., and Friedrich Stutz,
of Rondout.
Webb,
J. Hasbrouck, F.
H. Spencer.
5,
On
and
the evening of
June
1866, a public meeting was
held in the city hall, at which the object of the association

its
The
present officers of the church are the Rev. C. J.
needs were placed before the people, and

manifested.
street the
much
at
Renz, pastor; Samuel Klein and
Herman
Duriiell, elders;
interest
Temporary rooms were secured
George Heiser, Chr. Klein, Henry Boxberg, and Friedrich

Berg, trustees
;
118 Warren
to the public
month
following,
and thrown open

were too small,
second floor of
streets.
Gustav Meissner, secretary.

is
every evening for reading and convei-sation.

;iscertained that they
to secure the
Connected with the church

ized in 1874.
a Sabbath-school, organ-
It
was soon, however,
and arrangements were made
the building corner of Fourth and

ST.
Warren
These
John's methodist episcopal church (colored).
commodious rooms having been handsomely furnished by

the ladies, were thrown open to the public on the evening
This organization was the result of a secession from the

African
Methodist
in
Episcopal
April,
Zion
church of
the
Hudson,
of Nov. 27, 1866, and occupied by the association until
which occurred
1872.
On
10th of that
1873, when they removed

in
to
192 Warren
street, afterward.s,
month Henry
a meeting of the seceders was held at the house of

Pitts,
1876, to 156 Warren

street, five
street,
and are now located at 211
and
at
that meeting they formed themselves
Warren
doors above Fourth street.
The
:
follow-
into a religious society, and took the
name of " Friends of

Philip Reading was
ing are the presidents since the organization
1866-67,
Religious Liberty."
Of
this society
James Gifford; 1868,

Peet
F.
H. Webb; 1SU9, Isaac Mull;

;
chairman. Garret Deyo secretary, and Albert Porter treasurer.
1870-72, Rev. H. R. Schermerhorn

;
1873-74, A.
S.
;
members the sum of $200, with which they purchased a lot on Diamond street, near the corner of Third, on which they commenced the
its
This society raised among
1875, Milo P. Moore; 1876, James C. Rogcrson
1877, Richard Graves, Jr.
erection of a church building.
Many
of the leading
citi-
At made
the very outset of the organization an effort was

to secure a
good
it
library for the rooms,
and
at the
zens of
Hudson
and
it
assisted
them
liberally,
enabling them to
complete the church at a cost of 83319.11, including furniture,
was dedicated July 27, 1873,
but, as the
numbered upwards of eight hundred volumes, nearly all of which had been donated by friends. S. W. Phoenix, Wm. I. Peake, Miss K. B. Gaul,
close of the first year
building was found to be too small for the occasion, the

.services
and others, wore among the principal contributors.
Much
who
were held at the First Methodist church, the use of

offered.
of the subsequent growth and success of the library was
which was most courteously

was effected
Rev.
sons,
S. J. at the
due
to the indefatigable labors of Dr. J. C.
Du
Bois,
Prior to this (March 17, 1873) a church urganiz;ition
voluntarily served as librarian

it
fur several ycara.
In 1873
house of Garret Deyo, under charge of

This consisted of about thirty perSt.
had increased
to
twelvo hundred volumes.
The books
all
Ferguson.
are circulating
among members
only, but are free to
if
and was named and known as
John's Methodist
read in the rooms.
Ejiiscopal
church of the city of Hudson.
was appointed secretary.

ei"s
Garret Deyo They were supplied with preachdistrict
The
opened
free
to
reading-room and library, which were at

the public during the evening only, are
till
first
now
from different parts of the
until
November,
preacher,
open from nine a.m
ton p.m. daily (except Sundays),
1873, when Rev. Richard Hiscox was employed, and was

succeeded by Rev. William P. Snyder, a
local
and are well supplied with daily and weekly newspapers
and
magazines.
all
Writing materials are

wishing
to write
furni.shed
gra-
who remained
The
prc-iont
until
May, 1878, when
the
charge was
tuitously to
ciation
is
The work of
the asso:
assumed by Rev. Aaron Hunt.

member.ship of the church
is
carried on
by
six standing committees, viz.

it is
on
forty.
Attend-
Churches
privileges
whose
duty
to introduce strangers to the
ance at Sabbath-school forty-eight, including officers and

teachers.
of the church and Sunday-school with which
they are connected,
one
niembur being appointed from
190

;
NEW
YORK.
each church represented in the association

visit
Visitini;
wlio
and
On
the 19th of April, 1785, the proprietors voted to

lot
and
relieve the sick, so far as in their
power; Entersocial
donate a full-sized
tainment
who
; ;
on Diamond street
to
any person who
endeavor
;
to
provide
monthly
would build thereon a building of
Rooms who provide for rooms and library Finance who collect funds for carrying forward the work and a committee on Christian Work. The latter now numbers twenty-five members, and is subdivided
literary entertainments
24
feet,
than 40 by which building should be and continue a schoolsize not less
house from which no description or denomination of people

living in
Hudson should be excluded, and

shall receive an
fur the u.se
of
which the owners
annual income of not more

at liberty
into smaller committees of from
two
to three
members
each,
than 9 per cent, on their investment, but should be

to
.sell
each of
whom
have charge of one of the regular devotional

Their work consists of holding
it
to the corporation
for educational
so.
purposes when-
meetings, twelve of which are now held each week in different sections of the city.
ever they might have opportunity to do
We
have no account of the teachers who taught
in this
meetings specially for young
men and warm
boys, cottage
work
building, except Joseph Marshall,
who opened
in
it
a school
in the houses of the poor, gospel

tion
temperance work,
vi.sita-
for the teaching of " Reading, Writing, Cyphering, position, English
of prisoners in
jail,
and, in
weather, open-air
ComGrammar, Geography, Surveying, and the

Diamond
to
services on the streets.
Latin and Greek Languages."

published, in the interests of
Iq 1876, Mr. H.
the association, for
W. Race
.several
In a few weeks after granting the lot for the

street building, the proprietors appointed a
mouths, a four-page monthly
committee
ex-
paper known as the Helping

is
Hand;
and Mr. F. H.
Webb
amine and adopt a plan

whether
for a " proprietors' school-house," to
now publishing monthly, under
the auspices of the assoto
be located on Market square.

it
We
find nothing to
for
show
ciation.
The Huihuii Repository, devoted
the interests
was built and maintained
the children of
of the Christian and benevolent work of the city, at a subscription price of fifty cents per year.
proprietors or not.
In the same year
Ambrose Liverpool
advertised
in
the
In May, 1877. the association having for some time previous

felt
Gazette that he would open a seminary, where, besides the
the need of some one
who would devote

be
his
English branches, he would teach Latin, Greek, and the use

of certain musical instruments.
tional wares,
entire time to their work, engaged the services of J. T.
In addition to his educa-
Rowne
rooms
as
general secretary,
who may
found
in
the
he offered for
;
sale a quantity of extra strong

fact,
at nearly all hours
from nine a.m.
to ten p.m.
English beer
but notwithstanding this

it
and the sug-
gestiveness of his name,
is
not certain that he was an
EDUCATIONAL.
EARLY SCHOOLS.
The most
tic
Englishman.
Schools were taught in the early days by Dorrance Kirtland,
is
Major Fowler (on Parade
alley),
Mrs. Wilson,
is),
ancient building of which there
any authen-
Prowitt (where Burns' saddlery-store now

others whose names have faded from the
their surviving pupils.
account as having been devoted to purposes of educa-
and by many memory even of
tion within the present area of
Hudson, was
a small
frame
structure which,
in
the year
1784, stood upon the old

is
On
pose
the 28th of May, 1796, the city council of
Hudson
country road, at a spot which

Partition and Ferry streets.
now
person
near the corner of
" Rtaoloed, That the supervisor for this city be requostcil to proto the
No
now
living
knows
board of Supervisors
for the
county
to petition to the ne.Kt
whether whether
it
was built by the proprietors or by the people

is it
Legislature for permission to raise

the purpose of o:tal)lishing
living at the landing before the purchase; nor

at its erection it
known
money by a tax on the county for an Academy in this county and that the
;
was intended
is
as a school-house, or
it is,
Corporation of this City will

it
sell
the City Hall and the lots on which
stands for that purpose, the County paying to the Corporation for
as our said Supervisor siiail agree for;
to
for other purposes.
What
known of
that in the
same such sum
year mentioned a small school, m.ide up
in part
by children
mon
Council of this City will engage
and the Comconvey said building and
'of the proprietors, and in part by those of the earlier inhabitants, w;is
lots for the .iforesaid purpose."
taught within
its
walls
by one James Burns, of
This project failed of success, but

of Hudson were taught by
for a
number of years
In
whose antecedents or
qualifications
we know very
little,
ex-
the old city hall furnished school-rooms in which the 3'outh
cept that he was a prudent man, who,
when excavation and

to
many
different teachers.
the bhisting of rocks were in progress near the school-house,

" in order to
open a way
to the river
and
procure stone for
the proprietors," always dismissed his school in anticipation

of the blasts
lar
;
1797 (March 1) the council resolved " that the trustees of the school taught by Mr. Hedge have the west chamber in the city hall, and that the trustees of the school taught by
Mr. Palmer have the cast chamber of the
city hall for the
first
and on
this account, if
on no other, was popu-
with his pupils.
Some of those
pupils were living, aged
use of the said schools for one year from the
of March,
citizens of
Hudson,
until within fifteen years of the present
instant;" but in 1799 the school, then occupying a part of
time, and often related this and other incidents of their

earlii'st
the building, was ordered " to vacate the premises before the
first
school days.
or demolished to
The building was afterwards removed make way for the opening of the street
;
of October."
In the minutes of the council's proceedings, Jan. 11,
but this was not until after the incorporation of the

for the first charter election
city,
1804,
is
found the following resolution
was held
in
it,
and
it
it
was then
mentioned
as " the school-house,"

it
from which
must
be
" WiiKiiKAS, a
for
one of the
:
number of Citizens have petitioned to this Council Chambers in the City Hall fur the purpose of a schoolit
inferred that
was
still
used for that purpose, and was the
room
'
therefore,
only school-house in the place.
licmlml, That the Council do not deem
proper
to
grant the

prayer of the said Pctifion.
either one of which
NEW
YORK.
and Josiah
I.
191
And
as there are two vacant pniilic Lota
Sampson
as chairman,
Underbill as secretary,
may
be occupied for a School-house; Therefore.
if any association of persons will build a convcniunt School-house, of such materials nnd of such dimensions as shall be approved by the Coramon Council, on either one of the said public lots, that the Common Council will convey one of the
of the meeting.
Rcmdvd /nrlher. That
short discussion and interchange of ideas upon the
subject in question disclosed a unanimity of opinion that the
establishment of such an institution would be a measure of
said lots to the said association for that purpose."
high importance and of great advantage to the community
The
sugj;cstion, liowever, does not appear to
have been
and
it
was thereupon by the meeting
acted on.
In February, 1803,
it
was resolved
in
council that
" liewlted, That Judah Paddock, Robert Jenkins, Samuel White,
" the school money
now
for
in the
hands of the County Treasappropriated

to the in
and Josiah
I.
Undcrhill be nnd are hereby appointed a committee to
urer from the Commissioners of Schools be
make
the nece.?nry inquiries in procuring a suitable building as a

if
by the Corporation
friends of education
contingent expenses," which

like a step
school-bouse, and
none should
otfer, to
take into consideration the
must have seemed

in
the
cicpensc of a lot and building, the ways and
means of defraying
it,
and report
It
nt a future meeting."
wronjr direction.
In the same year a charity school was
opened by the Episcopalian society

so liberally supported by
Hudson, and
this
was
was then voted
to
adjourn, to re-assemble at Major

the
monthly contributions that the

it
Daniel Fowler's school-room on
27th
of the
same
number of
scholars attending
at
one time exceeded
forty.
month.
At
the adjourned meeting the above-named com:
Schools and teachers certainly scjni to have been numer-
mittee reported
ous enough in Hudson during the earlier years of her existence

;
" That we have the prospect of procuring a suitable

building, of about one hundred
site for
how
efficient
they were, or with what degree of
and
thirty feet square, west of the
enlightened public spirit they were sustained, there are
now
rope walk.
" The corporation of this city have gratuitously given towards the contemplated object a lot of ground, sevenly-live by one hundred and twenty feet, north of the jail, on the corner of Stale and Fourth
streets.
few means of judging.

torial article
The
following extract from an ediin
which appeared
to the state
the Balance of Dec. 16,

at the
1806, referring
of education here
time of
the opening of the
Hudson Academy
in this
:
(a sketch of which will
"A
"A
suitable
building, to
scholars, or
of Ihe diajcnsions of si.\ty-four
accommodate two hundred and by forty feet, we
fifty
liud
be found elsewhere
book),
is
given as being pertinent
cannot be erected short of $1000.

lot,
to the matter in question
with a Imilding,
c;in
be purchased for $480, but would
"
No
public building (not even a
common
school-house)
require an addition of twenty feet; the probable Ciprnse of which,
for the education of

city of
youth had been previously built in the
with the necessary repairs, would amount
lo
S800.
Hudson.*
No
The
public encouragement was given to

citizens of one of the
"As
relative tu the
ways and means
to
defray the expense of the
building, ic, we find on inquiry llmt Ihe nuinies
now
in
the bauds
literary pursuits.
most flourish-
of the chamberlain of the city, with what he will ]>robabIy receive of

the State school fund within a few months, will be nearly sufficient
to
ing towns in the State were compelled to send their chil-
dren abroad for education, or to leave them uneducated.
Did a teacher appear among them, he had everything

discourage him.
to
sufficient lo erect
support the school for the first year. " Your comniiltee, therefore, beg leave to remark that if a sum a building for tho above purpose, by subscription,
raised,
Amongst
strangers, unaided by commit-
contribution, or otherwise, could be
the
school
m:iy with
iis
tees, trustees, or overseers,
he had
all,
to
procure his rooms,
safely be put in operation so soon as a house can be erected for
obtain his scholars, and, after
collect his subscriptions.
reception."
Had
ars
he merit,
it
would meet with better encouragement

institutions.
This report was accepted, and Samuel Plumb, Judah
under well-regulated would be

little
Had
he none, his schol-
Paddock, Thomas Jenkins, James Strong, and J.

dcrhill
I.
Un-
better tor his instruction."
were appointed a committee " to
solicit subscriptions,
Undoubtedly these comments were more sweeping and

severe than the facts would warrant.
Still,
it
donations, or ca.sh towards erecting a building suitable for

a school-room,"
was true that
upon which the meeting adjourned
sine die.
(with the exception of the charity school before mentioned

as
The next meeting was

reported that the
held at tho city hall in the even-
having been opened under the auspices of the society of
ing of Nov. 11, 1816, at which the subscription committee
Christ church) there had been no provision for free education in
sum of $1300 had
already been subscribed,

city
Hudson, nor was any movement made

the
in that direc-
though many of the opulent and charitable of the

yet been called on.
had not
tion until ten years later,
men (among
when a number of large-minded foremost of whom was Captain Judah

in
With such encouragement
it
was thought
expedient to perfect the organization of the society by the

election of thirteen trustees,
Paddock) succeeded
establishing a school on
the Lanto
which was then proceeded
to
casterian plan, a principal object of
which was
furnish
gratuitous education to the children of the poor.
and the following gentlemen were chosen separately and by unanimous vote Elisha Williams, Judah Paddock, Samuel
:
Plumb, Thomas Jenkins, Robert Taylor, Prosper Hosmer,
LANCASTER SOCIETY AND SCHOOL.

The project to establish a Lancaster school in the city of Hudson was originated in the spring or summer of 1816, and warmly advocated by a number of prominent citizens,
who,
the
in
Samuel White, James Strong, Robert Alsop, Daniel

Patrick Fanning,
Coffin,
Thomas Bay, and Josiah

this board, Feb. 1,
:
I.
Underbill.
At a meeting of
were elected
1817, the following
as its first officers
Elisha Williams, president

;
pursuance of this object, met by appointment at

library-room, in
Judah Paddock,
Josiah
I.
vice-president
Daniel Coffin, treasurer;
Hudson
the evening of Sept. 17,
in
Underbill, secretary.
that year, and proceeded to organize by the choice of Ezra

^ This writer should
The
named
act of Legislature incorporating"
have excepted the old Diamond
street school-
caster Society"
in
was passed April 15, 1817.
The Hudson LanThe trustees

by the sub-
house.
the act were the
same
as elected
192

November
;
NEW
YORK.
scribers at their meetinc; in the preceding

it
but
The
follows
prices of tuition to those able to pay were fixed as

:
was provided that
in every
succeeding board three of the

of,
" For reading and spelling, one dollar per quarter;
trustees should always be
members
and elected by, the

treasurer was re-
for reading
and writing, one dollar and
fifty
;
cents; for
common council of the city of Hudson. By the terms of the act, the county
" such
reading, writing, and arithmetic, two dollars

writing, and arithmetic, with
dollars
for reading,
grammar
if
fifty
or geography, two
quired to pay annually to the treasurer of the society
and twenty-five cents;
taught both
grammar and
'
sums
as shall be apportioned
from the school fund
geography, two dollars and
cents per quarter;
sta-
to the city of
Hudson, which
shall be applied
by the
trus-
tionery being included in these rates.
tees of said society to the education of
such poor children
No
scholar
could
be admitted
if
to
the school
without
belonging to the said city as

titled to gratuitous education,
may
and
be in their opinion ento the support
medical inspection,
such
should
be required by the
and mainby them."

city
teacher, and none could be allowed to continue in the school
tenance of the school or schools
established
unless decently clothed, and cleanly kept in

their parents or guardians.
all
respects,
by
And
for the
same purposes the chamberlain of the

the
was
committee of the trustees

to
required to pay into the hands of the treasurer of the

society
all
made monthly
dition,
visits
to the school
examine into
its
con-
revenue
arising
from liquor and tavern
and report the same
to the board.
licenses in the city.
The whole number of

during the
first
scholars admitted to the school
Any
society
person subscribing not less than five dollars to the
two quarters was three hundred and forty-
became thereby
ting to the
a member, and any person contribuamuuut of twenty dollars became entitled to

life,
one, of which
number one hundred and twenty-seven were
entered by the trustees, to be paid for out of the society's

funds.
send, during his or her
one child
to the schools of the

;
At
the end of the second quarter the whole
num-
society, at a yearly tuition of tion of fifty dollars
two
dollars
while a subscrip-
ber in school was two hundred and fifty-two. In the report
secured the free tuition of one child
made
at that time
by the trustees, they

in
during the lifetime of the subscriber.

ciety, as
The
seal of the so-
remark that
instruction
"The method
adopted by the teacher

varies
the
that
adopted by the trustees, was " to iiave the inscripcrossed pens, engraved
of
his scholars necessarily
from
tion of
Hudson, Lancaster, with
usually practiced in Lancasterian schools in this country,
thereon."
inasmuch
it
as
more advanced
admit, and
.studies are
taught.
It
con-
At
a meeting of the trustees, held Feb. 20, 1817,
was
of
forms, however, as nearly to Mr. Lancaster's plan as cir-
resolved, " that the site of the building be on
the
lot
cumstances
will
the scholars generally

If
all
make
have
land given the society by the Corporation of this city," and
greater proficiency than in ordinary schools.
James Strong was appointed
a committee to apply to the

also
not advanced with equal rapidity,

to
it is
no more than ought
common
for
council for the excise money, " and
to pray
have been expected.

"
In so large a number of children

all
the remaining half of the Public Square."
At the
of various capacities, engaged in different studies, not equally excel.
will
next meeting he reported that " that body has granted

the remainder of the public
lot,
north-east of the jail."
At
the end of the
first
year the whole number of scholars
proposition was
now
received from the society of the
attending the school was two hundred and forty, of
whom
First
Baptist
church,
through
their
trustees,
William
one hundred and twenty-seven were taught at the expense

of the trustees.
Johnson, Henry P. Skinner, and William Foster, offering

to contribute to the school-house
fund
to
add another
story,
for
the use of their congregation, as a place of woi-ship.

finally
interest of the city
During the year 1818 a vigorous effort was made in the government to secure the repeal of so
of the act of incorporation as gave the excise revenues
This proposition was entertained and
acceded
to,
much
sition,
and the two
societies
became joint ownera of the building,

brick
structure, standing
streets. in
of the city to the society, but this was met by strong oppo-
which was
a substantial
the
and
failed
of success, though while in agitation,

to
it
southwestern angle of Fourth and State
wrought considerable embarrassment

school,
the affairs of the
The
Josiah
school was opened Oct. 13, 1817, under charge of

I.
and we
find that in
May, 1819, "Messrs. Henry
Underbill as principal or teacher
the conditions
;
Dibblee and Cornelius Miller appeared before the trustees,
of his engagement in that capacity being as follows

trustees were to furnish one
the
and stated that they would hold themselves individually

responsible for the tuition of the charity scholars
hundred
pay
scholars,
whom
they
now
in
might
select as
being entitled to gratuitous education, and

to
the school until the next meeting of the Coraraou Council,
for each of these they agreed to
Mr. Underbill the and one dollar
when, they had no doubt, a resolution of the council would

be passed that they
will
sum of
five dollars
;
for tuition for the year,
not apply to the Legislature at their
for stationery
total, six
hundred
dollars.
next session
to
take from the society the

"
Common-School
in the
considerable
number of
scholars, children of twentyto
dollar stockholders, were entitled
the privileges of the
Fund now apportioned to them The number of " charity scholars

been reduced from one hundred
of the above guaranty
it
"
had
meantime
school at two dollars per year, and there were a few

tuition
whose
to
twenty, but on receipt

to sixty,
had been prepaid by
fifty-dollar subscriptions.
The
was advanced
and during
remainder uf the teacher's competi.sation was to be derived
that year to seventy-five.
from children of parents able

it
to
pay for their teaching, and

filling
In the spring of 1821, Mr. Uiiderhill retired from the
was
stijiulated that " the

is to
hazard of
the school with

tru.s-
charge of the school, and Mr. James H. Durham,
graduate
these scholai-s
be taken by the teacher, and the
of the Albany Lancasterian school, was engaged

trustees,
by the
tces arc not to be accountable for the tuition thereof."
who agreed with him
for
the tuition of eighty
rhoto. by F. Forahow, HodBon.
STEPHEN
Stephen L. Magoun was born April 16, 1815,
in
L.
MAGOUN,
tady,
Esq.
New
where he remained
to
till
November, 1838, when he

office
Hampton, N. H.
He
is
a son of Stephen S.
IMagoun,
removed
erland
Hudson, N. Y., and entered the
of Suth-
grandson of Rev. Josiah Magoun, who was a son of Benja-
&
McClellan, and was admitted to the bar in May,
min Magoun, and descended from emigrants from

of Ireland, and originally of Scottish ancestry.
the north
1841, and immediately became a copartner with the same

firm.
In 1843, having dissolved

office
his
copartnership, he
Rev. Josiah Magoun removed from Shapleigh,

State of Maine, to
in
the
opened an
alone in the city of Hudson, where he

till
New Hampton,
of
its
N. H., about 1790.
He
has continued to practice
the pre.sent time.
served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war, taking an

active part in
In his profession he
is
a thorough student, and has
had
many
contests.
He
married a daughter
a wide range of experience.
He
is
well versed in jurispruall its
of Deacon Stephen Sleeper, and reared a family of seven sons and one daughter.
dence, not only in

practical bearings
tice in
all
its
theory and history, but in
As
a minister of the Frce-Will
and
applications,
having had a large prac-
Baptist denomination he preached until his decease.
He
S.,
the courts except the
Supreme Court of the

is
had sons
Stephen
S.,
Benjamin, Josiah, Nathaniel
United States.
a.s
As
a counselor, he
safe
and judicious;
John
Calvin, Martin L., and
Aaron B.
and daughter,
an advocate,
clear, forcible,
and
effective in the presenta-
Susannah (Mooney).
Stephen S. settled in
Hanaford.
tion of his causes.
Self-reliant, well
informed
in
his pro-
New Hampton
and married Nancy
fession,
and commanding the confidence of a large and
He
was a farmer, country merchant, and held
respectable clientage, he
may be
regarded as a succes.sful
various offices of the town in which he resided.

children
He
had
lawyer.
Geoiê W., Peter H., and

He
Stephen
L., the sub-
In his
political affiliations
he has always been a Democrat;
ject of this biography.
died August 14, 185S, aged

at
but he has subordinated

his profession,
seeker.
politics to the legitimate duties of

office-
seventy-six years.
His widow, Nancy, died
Hudson,
and has never been a partisan nor an
N. Y., October 12, 1873.

sons George
(Born April
1,
1789.)
The
W.
and Peter H. died unmarried.
He
at
wa.s
first
married, July
20,
1841,
to
Marianna
The
subject of this notice entered the
academy
New
;
Picrson,
who
died
May
12, 1860.
He
married his present

city,
Hampton, where he pursued
his preparatory couitso

full
he
wifo, Mr.s.
Lucie White, of
New York
first
October 23,
entered Union College in 1834, and, after the

four years, graduated in 1838.
studies in the office of Messrs.
course of
his legal
1861.
lie has one son by the
marriage,
Edward
P.
He commenced
Page
Magoun, an
father.
attorney-at-law, in the
same
office
with his
&
Potter, at Schenec-

poor scholars, at the rate of 300 per annum, or $3.75
each
;
193
suitable teacher could be obtained,
and the
financial outlook
a very material reduction from the price

to
first
agreed
would warrant.*
as trustee of the society,
on with Mr. Underhill, leading

pecuniary
affairs
the inference that the
of the society were less prosperous than
In 1829, Hon. Elisha Williams tendered his resignation a position which he had filled
had been anticipated.
The number, how3ver, was soon

it
after
continuously from the time of

nearly board.
filled
all
first
organization, and during
increased, and, by the report of the trustees for the year
of which period he had held the presidency of the
ending in the spring of 1823,
was shown that the average
The vacancy
election of
occasioned
by his resignation was

as trustee.
number
gratuitously taught in the school during that year

fifty-six.
left
by the
James McUen
was one hundred and
A
the employ of the society,
census taken by a committee of the trustees in 1828,

to
At
that time Mr.
Durham
showed the number of children of school age (5

In
10
and was succeeded

change
in
the office of teacher by Mr.
Abraham
as our
years) residing in the compact limits of the city to be 1011.
Underhill, at a salary of
this
8350 per annum.

and
as
In reporting
to the council
the trustees said, "
And
1830 an enumeration of the same showed 1012, viz., 953 white and 59 colored. Two years later the number
stood precisely the same, 1012.
means
consist of the school fund only,

is
our propor-
tion of that
but about S300, of which the tchool districts

in
Mr. Abraham Underhill

1830, and continued
in
w;is again
employed
as teacher
out of the compact part claim their proportion, we would

thererefore
respectfully petition your honorable
to aid us
in
charge of the school until the

B. C. Macy.
body
fur
spring of 1833,
when he was succeeded by

at a salary of
the
sum of $100,
the laudable design of ex-
On
the 1st of
May, 1834, Mr. Ebenezer Howard, of Mad$500, " and

all
tending the benefits of education to the lower classes of the
ison county,
was employed
he
community."
can make by pay scholars, the trustees
to furnish stationery
The
assistance
asked for was granted, and afterwards
and
to
fuel ;"
and he was allowed ten
dollars for his expenses
the same request was made, and responded to with considerable regularity, particularly after the passage of an act
New York
to procure information
in that city.
concerning the work-
ing of the public schools
of Legislature in 1826, which diverted a part of the ap-
In 1835 the school was reported as being

condition in the matter of attendance,
in a
demoralized
pjrtionment of school money
to
the districts outside the
some
scholars being
compact portion of the
city.
present but two days in a week, others only once in the
In the autumn of 1827,

school.
During
his stay
Abraham Underhill left the he had given much satisfaction,

regret.
same
time,
and
still
others not oftcner than one day in a
month.
Under
these circumstances the trustees passed a
and
his
resignation
was accepted with
Mr. B.
resolution giving Mr.
Howard
"
more extensive privilege
Underhill was engaged as his successor at the same salary, but he remained only until
over the scholars," which was found to have a salutary

effect.
May
1,
1828, when William A.
Coffin accepted the place, " to receive three
hundred
dollars
per
less,
annum
and
for teaching
one hundred charity scholars or on his own account,

in
crease.
The pecuniary troubles of the society were on the inTo extinguish a debt of $100, which they had no
to take
pay
scholai-s
con-
sideration of his furnishing the charity scholars with light,

stationery,
and
for
fuel."
per
annum
each scholar
He was also to receive one dollar whom he might teach beyond

" whether charity
present or prospective means of paying, the trustees, on the 3d of August, appointed Charles JIcArthur and Cyrus Curtiss for the first ward, and Robert McKinstry and La-
ban Paddock
for the second ward, of the city, to solicit sub;
the specified
number of one hundred,

in the year
scriptions from the citizens
but these
failed
to obtain the
scholars or not."
It
necessary amount, and in the following
year a loan was

teacher.
it
was proposed
1828
to
open a school
it
;
for
resorted
to
to
pay the wages of the
In
the
colored children (or " African school," as
was called),
commencement of 1837 the board found
impossible to
under the direction of the Lancaster trustees

of that year a committee was appointed to
and
in
July
continue the school except upon a cheaper plan, and on
call
upon the
February 17 they resolved " that the thanks of the trustees

be tendered
to
several religious societies in the city and solicit aid from
Mr. Howard, with their regret that the

;"
in-
them
to carry out the project.

viz.
:
This resulted
in the follow-
sufficiency of their funds utterly forbid

hiui
their again offering
ing contributions,
by the Presbyterian,
;
Uiiiversalist,
;
the continuance as a teacher
so
Mr. Howard
re-
and Friends'
societies,
each S25
by the Episcopalian, $20
tired (a loan being resorted to to
pay the arreare duo himj,

In the
and by the Methodist and Baptist, each $12. To the amount thus obtained the common council added $50, and the Lancaster society promised $25 per annum. The committee to
The coloreJ school was
lenvarJs re-opcncil.
summer
of
1830, a subscription paper, c

for this object, proiluceJ the
culatcd by Kcv. Mr. Chester and others,

uui of S120, to which the society aUtlcJ
Aug
5,
whom the matter was given in charge reported, 1828, " that they have procured the old Methodist
in
one-seventeenth part of the

proportion of the colored
school fund {this being the relative
to the
white children
ii
TS), ,and,
fitted
meeting-house
Third
street, at
is
the rate of
num, and that the school
now
opened.'
'
$40 per anThe trustees
the 4th of October, 1330, the school was
commeni
up
for the purpose, in the western portion of
the Lancaster building.
It seems,
however,
to
have met with the strong opposition of some

than a month from
its
reported that the success attending the experiment had ex-
from the
outset, for in less
commencement
ceeded their expectations " so long as they were enabled to

retain the teacher firet
engaged by them," but the teacher.

of the year on account of
a.
trustee Charles Darling, a m.-niber of the visiting committee, made minority report to the effect " that according to his Ideas, He is of
.-jchool
Miss Odell, withdrew
at the close
the opinion that the black

other,
has been the me.insof Injuring the
and
is fearful
that a
insufficient remuneration,
and the school was discontinued
The
school, however, was continued with

9,
for the winter, but with the
hope of reopening so soon
as a
regularity until .\ugust
more serious injury will be the result." more or less success and IS:).!, when it was fiually discontinued.
25
194

in
NEW YORK.
city,
and
Muy, 1837, Mr. Cliauncey Gridley was employed

affairs
at
houses
for said
with such appurtenances as
may
be
to
S350
still
salai7.
deemed expedient," the common council was authorized

of the society being
In the winter of 1838, the
borrow the sum of 85000
and the comptroller was author-
unprosperous and their prospects gloomy, the ladies of

caiue to the rescue with a fair and festival, given
ized to loan to the city of
Hudson, out of the common-
Hudson
8489.04,
school fund of the State, the
sum of $5000,
to be repaid in at the rate
for the benefit of
the school.
This realized a
profit
of
twenty equal yearly instalments, with interest

6 per cent, per annum.
of
result
more favorable than had been expected,

the warmest thanks of the trustees to
and which
elicited
The commissioners
tricts,
a.s
divided the city into three school disthat part lying west of the west line
the ladies for the promptness and efficiency of their action.
follows
all
Upon
to date
this a
new arrangement was made with Mr. Gridley,

1,
of Second street was laid off and designated as district No.

1
;
from Feb.
1838, by which he was to receive
for his
all
the part lying between the easterly line of Second
own
services
and those of his daughter,

for
as assistant teacher, free
street
trict,
and the westerly

;
line of Fifth street
was made a
dis-
the annual
sum of S550 At
one hundred and twenty
and numbered 2
street
and the part lying above the easterly

district
scholars, with the privilege of taking paying scholars to in-
line of Fifth
was denominated school
No.
3.
crease the amount.

this salary
tees
the end of two years (Feb.
1,
1840)
These divisions were made by and with the recommendation

and advice of a committee of the Lancaster
Oliver Bronson, Josiah
trustees.
was raised
to
to
S600, and the thanks of the trushis daughter (with a gratuity
were voted
him and
W.
Fairfield,
and Cyrus Curtiss
of $10 to the latter) for their excellent management of the

school.
were the
first
superintendents of schools for Hudson, and,

to
In February, 1841, his compensation was
still
fur-
on the 6th of August, 1841, they were authorized

chase sites for school-houses,
viz.
:
pur-
ther advanced to $635.
a lot of Clark
and Dimbetween
But
end.
the Lancaster school of
Hudson was now near

its
its
mick, on the southerly side of Partition
street,
On
the 28th of September, 1841,
last
board of
Front and Second, and a

street,
lot
on the north side of

streets.
Diamond
lots
trustees,
consisting of
Piatt,
Charles
Paul, Charles
Laban Paddock (president), Israel McArthur, Cyrus Curtiss,

" in
between Fifth and Sixth
These
were
soon after purchased as sites for school-houses numbers 1
Robert McKinstry, Gayer Gardner, Charles Darling, A. V. V. Elting, and John Power, were convened
consequence
of the desireof the Superintendents of Common Schools [created by the then recently enacted school law] to have possession of the lota
and
3,
and have been used as such until the present time.

building, transferred by the trustees of that
is
The Lancaster
society to the city, became, and
to-day, the .school-house
of district No. 2.
and school-hou.se of the Society."

still less
With
board
The common-school system

no material change.
school-houses
is
of
Hudson has now been
in
very
little
discussion, and probably
regret, the
operation for thirty-seven years, with reasonable success, and
acceded to the request of the commissioners, and made the

proposed transfer of the property to the city upon the conditions,
firet,
that
it
should " continue
to
be used for the

second,
though
been
in
The number of school districts and now the same as at the commencement, the mean time a colored school (numbered 4) has
and was only recently abandoned.
streets)
is
purpose of establishing public schools
in said city ;"
in operation,
that the city should be bound to the faithful performance
House No. 2 (corner of Fourth and State
of the agreement
made by
the Lancaster Society with the
now devoted
there
exclusively
all
to
schools for girls,

city.
who
attend
First Baptist Society as to the erection and joint occupancy
from
parts of the
is
The
principal of the
;
of the building
and further, that every person who by

entitled to receive the tuition of a child,
grammar department
Miss Mary Gitford
of the inter-
reason of a $50 or $20 subscription to the funds of the

society
mediate and primary, Miss Carrie Tompkins.
had become
either free of expense or at the rate of
the Lancaster school,

privilege in the
$2 per annum in should continue to receive the same

schools of the city.
At schools numbers 1 and 3 none but males attend. The division line of territory, as between these, is Fourth
street; boys residing below that line attending No. 1,
and
1
common
those above
L.
;
it
No. No.
3.
The
principal of school No.
is
This was the end of the Lancaster school, the abandon-
ment of
system.
old methods, and the inauguration of the present
W. Reid of By the report

1877,
it is
3,
W.
C. Wilcox.
of the school superintendents of
Hudson
THE PUBLIC FREE SCHOOLS OP HUDSON.

The act establishing the present common-school system of Hudson is chapter 350, of 1841, passed May 2H, in This act made the members of the common that year.
council,
shown that there were in the city 3598 children of school age, of whom 1415 attended school .some
for
part of the year; the average daily attendance having been
749186.
of weeks the schools were taught, 41.

public
raised
by virtue of
their office, commissioners of
conmion
schools in and for the city, and gave to
them the appoint-
number The amount of money apportioned to the city was 85000.98; amount by tax for all school purposes, 80000 amount paid
The number of
teachers was 23, and the
ment of
sons
;
a board of superintendents, to consist of three per-
for teachers' wages,
89492.
these to be also inspectors of schools.
The
3
of the
salaries paid the principals of schools
numbers
and
and
the
By
tricts,
the provisions of the act the city was to be divided

into
are, to
each 1300 per annum.
The
2
salary of the te.icher

is
by the commissioners
and
in
not less than three school disit
grammar department of No.

$400
is
StiSO
to
each of these
was made
their duty to " cau.se
principal of the intermediate and primary department,

school,
paid.
same
at
to be built or procured, such school-house or school-houses
and out-houses
ficient."
as shall appear to
them
suitable and suf-
The
three school-houses arc
of brick, and valued

.sites,
" For the purpose of procuring suitable school-
$24,000.
Value of school-house
8I0,0(0.

The number
The board of
J.
NEW YORK.
195
of volumes in
the public-school library
is
English, languages, and mathematics, and two dollars for
1300, valued at 81200.

school commissioners
is
the lower classes
and (perhaps
in
consequence) but one

certifi-
now composed of
dividend
(fifty
cents a .share)
was ever paid, and the
Messrs. Cyrus Macy, T. T. Calkins, Willard Peck, Leonard
cates of stock
became
as valueless as waste paper.
The
Rossman, and William R. Elting.
price of good board in the vicinity of the

dollar
academy was one
and
fifty
cents per week, and those
who
entertained
THE HUDSON ACADEMY

is
pupils from abroad became responsible to the trustees for
one of the oldest institutions of

its
its
class in
the State,
their tuition.
dition,
The academy was

list
long in a flourishing coninstructors and graduates
and by reason of
antiquity,
its
usefulness,
it
and the vary-
and among the
of
its
ing fortunes which

in the
it
has experienced,
merits a high place
are found the names of
many who
life.
liave held prominent
regards of the people of the county.
positions in various walks of
For several years prior
On
Feb. 27, 1805, there met together in
Hudson
sixty-
to 1827,
Mr. Amasa J. Parker, favorably known through-
four gentlemen
who were
" impressed with the
importance
establish-
out the State, was connected with the academy as principal.
and necessity of diffusing useful knowledge by the
He
was succeeded by Mr. Josiah

less
W.
in
Fairfield,
who was
ment of seminaries
for
for the instruction of youth."
At
this
hardly
widely known.
in
With
life
.scarcely
an exception,
meeting an association was formed and a constitution adopted

the establishment of an institution to be
every
man prominent
public
Hudson, since the

and
of
known
as
incorporation of the academy, has
been in some degree
"
Hudson Academy."
The
stock was divided into shares
identified with its prosperity, either as pupil or trustee,

its
of $10 each, and John Swift, Samuel J. Ten Broeck, William Ashley, Ebenezer Rand, William
graduates
fill
positions of
honor and trust
in all parts
Shaw, Noah Gridley,
the country.
Benjamin
Miller,
Luther Dunning, and Asa Frary were
The
present
condition of the academy

original
is
exceedingly
appointed a committee to receive subscriptions and to cause

a suitable building to be erected.
prosperous.
The
building has recently been re-
The
site selected
was " a
modeled and embellished

tion of
at large expense, until, in adaptato educational uses, as well

it
piece of ground situated on the south side of
Hudson Square,
rooms and appointments
adjoining the Burying-Ground, granted by the Mayor, Recorder,
as in beauty
and healthfulness of situation,
has few equals

size, sixty
and Commonalty of the city of Hudson to John Swift and others for the purpose of having a school-house or Academy built thereon, and also a certain piece of ground
conveyed by Seth G.
in the county.
The
feet,
present building
is
of brick,
by thirty-four
and three
stories in height.
The main
furni-
room used
ture,
for study is furnished with
modern school
Macy
to
Ebenezer Rand, John Swift,

rear of
and so arranged
as to
admit just the light which the

value of the academy
are well furnished, that
and their associates

description
for the
same purpose, being the

etc., as
best authorities have pronounced to be least injurious to the
the lot conveyed by the Mayor,

is
aforesaid."
This
eyes of students.
very obscure, but
is
intended to explain that
property
is
$12,000.
The estimated The cabinets
a part of the
academy
site
was donated by Captain Seth G.
of natural philosophy having recently been increased by

the addition of
The
cil,
Macy, and the remainder by the common council of Hudson. " Hudson Square" was the same laid out by the coun-
new apparatus valued

corps
at over
S600.
Ap-
parently, the future of the institution will be prosperous.
May
5,
1804, and for which a part of the burial-ground
The
present
is
of instructors
is
as follows
The
1870,
has
was taken.
principal
fifty
Rev. William D. Perry, teacher of languages and
The
three
building, a brick edifice

stories
by thirty
feet,
and
natural sciences, a graduate of
Amherst College
in
in
high, was soon completed, on the
present
and of Union Theological Seminary
1874.
He
beautiful site overlooking the river and city of
Hudson, and
been further prepared for the responsibilities of his position
commanding an extensive view of the Catskill mountains. The Academy association was incorporated March 3, 1807,
the following-named gentlemen being the corporators
:
by two years of
teaching.
travel
and study
in
the principal cities and
countries of Europe, and by
much
previous experience in
Ezra
Sampson, John Swift, Reuben Sears, Peter Van Den Bergh,
He
known
is
ably assisted
by Mrs. K.
W.
Perry, teacher of
Harry Croswell, Elisha Williams, William W. Van Ness,
higher English, who was for

as one of the
many
city.
years well and favorably

in the
Timothy Babcock, William

min
Miller,
Fraser, Peter
Van
Rensselaer,
most successful lady principals
William Ashley, Luther Dunning, Joseph Mosely, BenjaEbenezer Rand, John Bennett, Noah Gridley,
William Shaw, Williaui Whiting, Cornelius Tobey, Ezra
public schools of
New York
department,
Miss Mary Sleight, who has charge of the mathematical is a graduate of De Garmo Institute, and has
in
Browne, Samuel
J.
Ten Broeck, William Noyes,
Jr.,
Obed
also studied
France.
in
She has been a
successful
and
W.
Folger.
popular teacher
the academy since the present principal
The
the
teacher whose
name
is
found
first
recorded on the
assumed charge.
books of the institution was Andrew M. Carshore, and next
teacher
is
now provided
for
free,
every
twenty pupils.
name of Mr. Ashbel Strong
is
entered as principal, he
Vocal music and drawing are
and other advantages
having been engaged

per annum.
at a salary of four
hundred
dollars
are to be added as soon as the finances of the
academy
will
The young
ladies
1,
school connected with the
permit.
The
residence of the principal

is
is
near the academy,
academy was opened May

preceptre.ss, at
1806.
At
the same time,
and pleasant accommodation

from a distance.
provided for young ladies

manifested by the trustees
Miss Hayes, daughter of Rev. Joel Hayes, was engaged as

an annual salary of SI 00.
Great interest
is
The
rates of
of the academy and by the citizens of

perity of the institution.
Hudson
in
the
pro.s-
tuition
were fixed
at four dollai-s per quarter for higher
196

THE HUDSON SELECT ACADEMY
NEW YORK.
THE MISSES skinner's SCHOOL FOR YOUNO LADIES

was established
pupils, but this
in April,
was commenced
in
the jear 1813.
The
project was origi-
nated by an association of citizens of Hudson,
among
the
1867, commencing with but seven number was doubled during the fall term,
it
most prominent of wliom was Seth Jenkins.

deeply interested in the enterprise, and was
He was
president
for
and
in the
summer of 1869
had reached twenty-eight,

applications
made
still
and they had been compelled

for lack of room.
to refuse several
of the
association.
They
erected a frame building

that building
is
On
this account they
commenced the
Union
first
the use of the school, and
standing,
erection of their fine brick building. No. 281
street,
used
as
dwelling, at
the corner of Alien and South

it
which was completed
at a cost
of S8000, and was
occu-
Third
better
streets.
During the existence of the school

as
was
pied by the school in April, 1870.

Wiis
Their corps of teachera
known
it
the "
Shad Academy" than by the name

This arose from
the perto procure the passage
to the
then increased (they having never employed less than
given to
by
its
projectors.
two assistant teachers since that time), and the school being
open
to
it
sistent efforts
made by Mr. Jenkins
pupils of
all
grades, steadily increased until 1874,

fifty-six,
by the Legislature of an act granting

ciation
tlie
academy
a.sso-
when
under
numbered
Their
and
their
first
class
was
little
the right to impose a tax on
all
persons fishing on
graduated.
fifty.
Since then
total
their
average has been a

pupils,
fishing-grounds in
the vicinity of Hudson, and to
number of
from the com-
apply the income accruing therefrom to the support of the

school.
mencement
ten,
to January,
in
1878, has been two hundred and

to nineteen
The
institution
lived for a
number of
years, but
varying
age from seven

in
years, and
who
was never very prosperous.
have remained
the school from periods ranging from ten
months
to ten years.
THE HUDSON FEMALE ACADEMY

was established
in
The
school
is
well equipped, and has a capacity for the

pupils.
1851,
in
the fine building which had
accommodation of seventy
nounce that
it is
The
proprietors
an-
been occupied by Dr. White's Lunatic Asylum,

residence of George H. Power, on State street.
prietor
now The
the
pro-
their intention to offer to
young
ladies
an
excellent opportunity for the acrjuisition of a solid education,
was the Rev. J. B. Hague, under

It
whom
is
the school
to
in
and that their attention and that of their teachers
will
enjoyed a high reputation.
was removed
in 18ti5
be directed rather to the laying of a substantial foundation

for
the corner of Warren and First streets, but

existence.
not
now
future
acquirements, than to accomplishments which
may
prolific
easily be
added
to
complete and adorn the structure.
Hudson has always been exceedingly

and
select schools of
of private of them
THE COLUMBIA LIBRARY

was (with the exception of
started in
a
almost every grade, and
many
small circulating library,
of a very high order.

it
So numerous have they been that

to
178G) the
first
institution of the kind in
Hudson.
would be wholly impracticable even

and
intelligible
name, much more
so to give a correct
history of them.
We
The project was started in December, 179'3. The requisite number of subscribers was soon obtained, and on or about
the 1st of February, 1794, the library was opened at the
printing-office of
may make mention which existed many

at
of the "
years
Hudson Female Seminary," before the Female Academy of

of the select school taught by
'
Ashbel Stoddard, who was
its first
librarian.
Rev. Mr. Hague, and of which the Rev. Mr. Stafford was one time the principal
in
;
The
period of
its
continuance cannot be given.
Ebenezer King
Classical
St.
John's Hall, and of the
Hudson
;
THE HUDSON LIBB.\RY SOCIETY

was organized March 14, 1797, under the act of April
1796.
1,
Seminary," also under his charge at a
later date
of the classical school taught by

the " hotel
Andrew Huntington
in
Samuel Edmonds was chairman of the meeting
at
building" opposite the Presbyterian church
and of the schools of the Revs. J. R. Coe, E. Bradbury, and other educated and talented clergymen
;
which the organization was effected. The first board of trustees was composed of Robert Jenkins, Elisha Jenkins,
but
all
these
Henry Malcolm, Hezekiali
L.
Hosmer, Samuel Edmonds,
make but a small part of tions many of them of
the private educational instituthe
highest excellence
which
Isaac Northrop, and Walter V.
Wempler.
The
librarian
was Shubael Worth, and the

at the
library
was kept
at his store,
streets.
have existed here since Joseph Marshall taught Latin and
northwest corner of Warren and Second

to exist
It
Greek
in the old school-house in
Diamond
street.
continued
though
in a
very languishing condition
THE HUDSO.V VOU.VG LADIES' SE.MINARY

was established
in
for
many
ycare, and finally expired
under the presidency
of Robert A. Barnard, Esq.
the
autumn of 1848, by the
Mi-sses Eliza-
beth and Sophia C. Peake, under whose
efficient
manageit is
THE FRANKLIN LIBRAIIY ASSOCIATION

was organized
in
ment the
all
institution
to
still
remains, and whose aim
and
1837, with William R. Steele as president

It
has ever been

that
is
impart through their course of instruction
and James Batchellor secretary.
was regularly incorand Charles A.
rei|uired for a
is
thorough and finished education.
porated in the winter of 1838, with William A. Carpenter,

president;
Particular attention
paid to instruction in the French

in
Hiram Macy,
vice-president;
language by a native French teacher residing
the family.
Darling, secretary.
The
.school has
enjoyed a high reputation and

its
liberal jiatron-
The
library-room of the association, located on Union

present site of the Episcopal church, was
age from the time of
commencement.
Its location
is
street, near the
on the north side of Warren House.
street, opposite
the
Worth
completed at a cost of about S400, and occupied in October, 1837. The system of public lectures, given under the

auspices of the associalion, was inaugurated in
NEW YORK.
In the month of
197
1S38, and
The
prayed
petition
was presented by Daniel Gano on JIarch
was regularly continued
for
many
years, but
has recently
17, 1787.
for,
May
following, a warrant, as
been discontinued, on account of the extravagant demands
was issued by the Grand Lodge of the State of

first
of lecturers and the decline of public interest
in
them.
in
New
the
in
York, and the
officers
were
installed at
Albany
;
About 1855
quarters.
the library was
removed
to the
room
June, 1787, as follows: Seth Jenkins,
W. M.
Jared
city hall building
which
it
There
now occupied by police headremained until 1S74, when it was reis
Coffin, S.
W.
David Lawrence, J. W.
;
Samuel Mansfield,
S. D.;
Treas.
Daniel Gano, Sec.

J. D.
;
Thomas Frothingham,
moved
sand
to its present
rooms
at
171 Warren
street.
Simeon Stoddard,
Stewards.
Shubael Worth, Benjamin Chace,
The number of volumes now in the library is four thouThe present merubei-ship of the assofive hundred. ciation is one hundred and sixty, and its officers for 1878 are Willard Peck, president; John C. Du Bois, vice-president;
Stephen
B. Miller, corresponding secretary
;
The
1787.
first
meeting
w;is held
Fii'st
Dee. 18, 1786, at the house
of John MeKinstry.*
by-laws were adopted June 28,

;
The lodge was

in
chartered as No. 13 in 1787
be-
Ezra D. De
came No. 15
In
1823
No. 12
in
1831
;t
and No.
7, as at
Laraater, recording secretary; Elihu Gifford, Jr., trea.surer;
present, in 1839.
Samuel R. Rainey, William Seymour, John M. Pearson,

directors; Miss Fannie Power, librarian.
1795 the proprietors of Hudson granted

streets, for the purpo.se
;
to
this
lodge a lot of land on the southeast corner of Union and
This library association was an outgrowth of the Franklin
Third
of erecting thereon a building
Debating Society, which had been organized in Hudson as
suitable for their use
the conditions of the grant being be not

less
The members of the society at its commencement were William A. Carpenter, George W. Carpenter, Robert Smith, Hiram Macy, James Batchcllor, Thomas Marshall, Wm. R. Steel, Edward B. Macy, Richard M. Remington, and John Hamlin. Their meeting for
early as the year 1834.
that the building should

fifty feet,
than twenty-five by
that
it
should be completed within two years, and
that
it
should never be used as a tavern

corner-stone of the building was laid
The
and
it
June
12, 1795,
was dedicated with

It
imposing ceremonies Decem-
organization was held at the shop of
Wm.
It
A. Carpenter,
ber 27, 1796.
was considered an ornament, and very
who was one

erect for
it
of the foremost members.

to
was he who
creditable to the lodge and the city.
On
fire,
the 4th of July,
originated the proposition
establish
the library, and to

;
1829,
St.
it
was partially destroyed by

still
but was rebuilt as
the building on
its first
Union
street
and he was, as
John's Hall, which
remains the property of the

Following
is
we have mentioned,
president after incorporation.
lodge and their place of meeting.
a list of the
Past Masters of the lodge:
THE UNION DEBATING SOCIETY

was the
for
first
of those associations for mutual improvement

city
It
Seth Jenkins
which the
earlier years.
is
Hudson was remarkable during its was commenced in 178G, but its duration
of
Thomas Frothinghnm Samuel Eilmonds Thomiis Frothingham Benjamin Allen

Diiniul
57S7 5790 579C 5797
to .5790. to
5796.
.
to 57117.
to to
not known.
Fowler
lo
to
THE HUDSON FORUM,

a similar association, was established
in
1S26, and contin-
John W. Edmonds Thomas Blank A. (J. Barnard Philip White

Ciimpbcll Busbnell
to to
to
.
.
ued
until
1840 or
later.
The Hon. Henry Hogeboom,

and
in fact a large proportion
its
to
5.S3.')
Josiah
W.
Fairfield, Esq.,
of
White Th.imas F. King

I'hiliii
the prominent
men of Hudson were among

in its debates.
members,
Cyrus Curtiss Phili]. White

Ti. U. I-awrencc E. C. Thurston Philip White C.vrusCuriiss Stephen A. Coffin Richard C.irriquc.J Peter G. CulBn
dS25. 5,'!25 to 3827. 5,127 to 5829.

lo
5S29
5S.".l
li,
5S.il.
and participated
to 5.S32.
58:!2 to 5S:i-t.
5S,T
t
to 5S.la.
THE HUDSON ASSOCIATION FOR MUTUAL IMTROVEM K.NT

was organized
of
its
58.15 to 58.17.
5S.i7
t.i
5S:iU.
in
1834.
:
The
following brilliant
list is
;
that
58:!9 to 5.S4-I.
first officers, viz.
Elisha Jenkins, president
Cyrus
Blellen,
Ichabod Rogers
Cornelius Bortic James Batchellor
5844 5846
to
5846.
to 5848.
Curtiss,
Rufus Reed, Joseph D. Monell, James

;
5848
5S51 5854
to 5851.
to 5,854. lu 5,855. to 5856. to to
to
vice-presidents
to
Edwin
C. Litchfield, secretary.
It
appears
have existed but a short time.
George Barker William A. Carpenter

Cornelius Bortle (icorge C. Tolley Cornelius Es.sclsljn Frederick M. Best Almon Snviler
E.livarU
1'.
.MASOXrC.
5S55 5850 5857 5858 5868
5857. 5858.
5371.
.587:f.
to 5868.
HUDSON
The
York, praying
granted
to
LODfiE, NO. 7,
V.
AND
A. M.
5871 to
iM;igoun
petition to the
for
Grand Lodge of the State of New

the
charter,
587:! to 5875.
Ilenrv Kertz
5875
to 5877.
which
Dec.
was afterwards
18,
this
lodge,
was
dated
1786, and
:
"^"
The same who.
ha\-ing been taken prisoner at the battle of tho
was signed by the following-named
petitionei'S, viz.
Seth
Cedars, in 1776, was saved from torture and death by Captain Brant,
the Mnlrl- chief.
Jenkins, Jarcd Coffin. Joseph Hamilton, John McKinstry,

t
Through
the persevering efforts of
some of
its
members
its
(particu-
John Thurston,
Worth,
I.saac
.lolin
Peimycr, Joseph OIney, Shubael
larly
.Mr. .<tephen
A. C(.ttin) the l..dge preserved
organization
Bateman, Thomas Worth, William Wall,
through Ihe anti-Masonic warfare.

{
Daniel (Jano, Thimia.s Frotliingham, Robert Folger, David

I,awrenee, Benjamin Chace,
field.
Richard Carri.iue wa.s

of the
at
llio
time of his death (1849), Senior
Grand Warden
Grand
I,.)dge of the State of
New York.
Lemuel Jenkins, Samuel Mans-
He
wa.s
interred by the lirjud Lodge, which body also crectcl a

to his
monu-
ment
memory
iu
the Iluilsoii Cemetery.
; ;
; : ; ; ;
198

oflBoers
;
NEW
752
YORK.
Esselstyn,
The
of
tlie
lodge for 1878 are Aaron Colton,

S.
751
E. Sir Cornelius
6, A.O.
;
March 26,
A.o.
751752.
W. M.
Sec.
;
William H. Spanburgh,
W.
;
William A. Spaul-
May
E. Sir Aaron Colton,
May
6, A.O.
ding, J.
W.
W.
S. Wattles, Treas.
;
Charles S. Charaplin,
John K. Vosburgh,S. D.
S.
William T. Miller, J. D.
Frank A. Punderson,
Organist;
M. of C.
Marshal
;
W.
R.
Eltiiig,
John K. Vosburgh, J. W. Kenyon, Tiler.

;
Commandery for 1878 are Edward Henry Kertz, Generalissimo Richard Kidney, Capt. Gen. John K. Vosburgh, Prelate William S. Wattles, S. W. James C. Armstrong, J. W. Albert
officers of the
;
The
P. Magoun, E. C.
Bush, Treas.
Almon Snyder,
Recorder.
HUDSOiN CHAPTER, NO.
6,
R. A.
M.
The charter of this organization was granted by the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the Northern States, dated March 14, 1798, and signed by De Witt Clinton, Deputy Grand High-Priest Thomas Frothingham, Deputy Grand King; Jedediah Sanger, Deputy Grand Scribe. Its first officers were Samuel Edmonds, M. E. H. P. Thomaa Frothingham, E. King Elisha Jenkins, E. Scribe. The Past High-Priests now living are James Batchellor, John Hamlin, Cornelius Bortle, Harloe H. Crandall, Theodore Snyder, John Alger, George Barker, Thomas Borden. Officers for 1878 A. J. Gifford, M. E. H. P. Richard Kidney, E. Scribe S. C. McArthur, E. King Jean Bach, Treas. James M. Punderson, Sec. Henry Kertz,
; ;
;
AQUILA LODGE,
was instituted
namely
S.
;
NO. 700,
F.
AND
A. M.,
in the
year 1870, with the following charter

also
members, who were

:
the
fii'st
officci-s
;
of the lodge,
Cornelius
T.
W. John
W. M. Cornelius Esselstyn, Burdwin, J. W. Leonard Geiger, Treas.

Bortle,
; ;
Edgar Remington,
Malcher, J. D.
Sec.
Ezra V. Byrne,
S.
D.
Charles
The
officers
for
1878
S.
are William Bostwick,

;
Abrara J.
Giffijrd,
W.
;
Charles Whitbeck, J.
W. M. W.;
;
William H.
Scovill, Treas. S. D.
;
Edward
J.
Hodge, Sec.
;
E.
Spencer Elmer,
I.
Nelson F. Boucher, J. D.
;
Mason
Crocker, S.
M. of
C.
Edward H.
Collier,
Lisk, J.
M. of C.
;
Capt. Host
C.
;
Alraon Snyder, P. S.
Scovill,
;
Lewis B.
Little,
R. A.
Seth C. McArthur, Dubois
Stewards
Aaron C.
W. H.
R. 'Moores, M.
1st
M. 3d V. W. R. Elting, M. 2d V. V. The present membership is one
Macy, 3d Marshal; Rev. Charles W.Tomlinson, Chaplain;

Bernard Chase, Organist; John V. Whitbeck, Trustee;
hundred and twenty-five.
William
C. Niblett, Tiler.
Its present
The
lodge meets in Masonic temple.

is
mem-
LAFAYETTE COMMANDERY,
NO. 7, OF
KNIGHTS TEMPLAR.
bership
one hundred and sixteen.
Upon
the petition of Lionel U. Lawrence and others to
HUDSON COUNCIL,
NO. 62, R.
AND
S. M.,
the Grand
Encampment
of the State of
New
York, a war-
rant was granted September 6, a.O. 706, to the petitioners

to form
was instituted U. D. May, 1872, with the following

Dr. H. Lyie Smith, T.
I.
;
officers
and hold an encampment
in the city of
Hudson,
M.
J.
C.
H. Evans, R.
I.
D. M.
;
under the name and

7, of
style of Lafayette
Encampment, No.
R. Kidney,
I.
P. C.
III.
W.
H.
H. Chariot, Capt. Guards

;
J.
Knights Templar.
first
M. Van Buren,
nel.
Con. Council
II.
J.
C. Dubois, Treas.
;
The
conclave, according to the minutes, was held

at
A. Bush, Recorder
Payne, Steward
J. Nack, Sentifirst
October 16. a.O. 706,
which were present Sir Knights
The
charter was granted in

1
1873, the
election
Lionel U. Lawrence, Orrin E. Osborn, Gordon Dickson,
being held December
of that year, at which Dr. Smith

in
Richard Carrique, Obed
W.
Folger, Richard
Hill,
and
was
re-elected,
and again
1874.
His successors
in the
Samuel Corbet.
25, A.O. 706.
The
first
officers
were installed October
office.
Thrice Illustrious Master, have been Richard KidScovill,
ney,
3, A.O.
1875; W. H. W. Whiting, 1876; W. H.
From December
appear
to
712, to A.O. 723, no conclaves
1877-78.
have been held.
Upon
the prayer of Sir Knights
The
present officers associated with Mr. Scovill are
Wm.
Lionel U. Lawrence, Cyrus Curtiss, Elihu Gifford, Richard

Carrique,
Bostwick, Dep. blaster; Henry Kertz, P. C.
W.
Richard
Peter
Van Deusen,
Orrin E. Osborn, Gordon
Kidney, Treas.
and Henry Miller, Recorder.

is
Dickson, George
erick
I.
Duckworth, John B. Livingston, Fredand Hiram Reynolds, a

723,
to revive
The
In
present membership
fifty-four.
Curtiss,
di.spen.sation
was
1824, prior
to the
formation of the present Grand

Council, No. 2, was organized,
granted April
ette
5, A.O.
and re-establish Lafay-
Council of the State,
Hudson
Encampment, No. 7, of K.'s T., by Richard Ellis, Deputy Grand Master. The warrant was revived June 4,
A.O. 723.
with Campbell Bushnell, Charles Waldo, and Clark Smith

as
its
earliest officers.
its
This council held

in
meetings, performed
its
work, and
Chapter,
In A.O. 739 the word

place
Commandery was substituted of Encampment, by act of the Grand Commandery
kept
its
records
It
in
connection with
Hudson
of
R. A. M.
was suspended about 1848, the chapter be-
the State of
New
York.
ing at that time prohibited from conferring the council

Sir Lionel U. Lawrence, OctoA.O.
;
Past Coiiimanders.
ber, A.O.tiss,
E.
3,
degrees under
its
charter.
706-Deccniber
3, A.O.
712
E. Sir
Cyrus CurLawrence,
I.
December
721
E. Sir Lionel
0.
U.
OF
0. F.
April, .vo. 723-April 5, A.O.

ric|uc,
April 5, A.O.
726; E. Sir Richard Car726-April 6, A.O. 731 E. Sir Icha;
The
first
Odd-FcUoWb' lodge
in
in
Huilsim was the " Good

in a part
Intent Lodge," instituted

the city which
is
1828, and located
of
bod Rogers, April

Sir
6,
A.O.
731-April 25, A.O. 733
E.
now Stockport.
We
have no data of the
James
Batchellor, April 25, A.O.
733-March
26, a.o.
subsequent history of this lodge.
JOHN STANTON GOULD.

John Stanton Gould was born at Newport, Rhodo Island, on the day of March, 1812. He was of Quaker parentage, and to him facts was the bravery of his ancestor, Daniel Gould, who was whipped at Boston the day that Mary Dyer and her companions were hung. He was whipped for his unfaltering allegiance to conscientious opinions. Another of his paternal ancestors figured conspicuously the same day, though in a very different manner. Colonel Edward Wanton had under his command a regiment Returning home, he laid of cavalry attendant upon the execution. aside his sword, remarking to his mother, "Mother, I much fear that we have this day been killing the people of God." Soon afterwards he too became a Quaker, and removed for greater religious liberty to Rhode Island, where he became governor, and left a large family of sons, three of whom in their turns also became governors of the same
l-lth
his writings in relation thereto are among the most valuable contributions relating to this topic. His knowledge of this and kindred
one of the most precious
matters marked him as one admirably
fitted for the office of president of the State Agricultural Society, which position he most acceptably filled for one term. His lecture upon the subject of " Grasses" before
the State Agricultural Society
tions ever presented to that body.
in Cornell University
was one of the most masterly producHe was professor of agriculture from the founding of that institution to the
director of the Farmers' National
for
time of his death.
As
Bank
of
Hudson, a position held by him
many
years, his presence always
insured sound advice and clear judgment.
State.
Rhode Island; and

would most desire
Co.,
Mr. Gould was educated at the Friends' school in Providence, at fourteen years of age he was allowed by his
for his success in life.
He was early identified with the public school system in this locality, and was for four years superintendent of public schools in the city of Hudson, in whose welfare he always maintained the greatest interest. He had a wonderful command of language, and a happy faculty of imparting his knowledge to others, which made him ever a welcome addition either to the public platform or the social circle.
As
a lecturer on education, on scientific topics, or on agriculture, but
parents to select out of several excellent opportunities the one he
He
chose deliberately to
Stockport, Columbia
few excelled him.
com^ with Benjamin Marshall, a

earlier years of his
life.
relative, to
Mr. Gould departed this

sixty-two years.
ing him.
life
on the 8th of August, 1874, aged
N. Y., in whose print-works he was chemist for several of the
He had been twice married, his second wife survivHis only son, who attained to manhood, William Ashby
In politics, Mr. Gould was an old-line Whig, and possessed in an eminent degree the con&dence and friendship of Horace Greeley, whose cause he espoused in the Liberal movement of 1872. While ho never courted political favors, his abilities early brought him before
the people,
Gould, died in the year 1872; the remaining children are daughters. We quote the following just tribute to Mr. Gould's character from
the Elmira Gazette of the date of his decease:
"The news
and without
of the death of this
man
will fall heavily
who
elected
him
to the
Assembly
in 1S47.
In IS58 ho
constituency of friendship and acquaintance.

effort,
on a wide Without ostentation
received the nomination for State senator, but was defeated by Wil-
he had gained a place in the hearts and minds of
liam G. Mandeville.
In 1867, Mr. Gould was elected as a senatorial

bore a prominent
delegate to the constitutional convention, and
part in the discussions and deliberations of that body.
Always deeply
interested in matters of a humanitarian nature, the
organization of the State Prison Association was an object of his earnest solicitude. He was early called to the councils of the board,
and was subsequently made vice-president of the organization. In broad and philanthropic views found full scojie in devising means for the amelioration of the condition of the inmates of our prisons, and many of the measures instituted for the reformation of the dangerous classes were the suggestions of his fertile brain.
this position his
life
Greatly interested always in agricultural matters, ho had from early familiarized himself with the science of farming, and his lectures
tion.
and writings upon the subject gained for him a wide-spread reputaUpon the subject of scientific farming he had no superior, and
the middle classes of the people of this State which few men occupy, and none other holds with the confidence which was reposed in him, " Mr. Gould was an educated man in a double sense. He had the advantage of a liberal education, and to this acquirement he added the fuller education which comes nf constant aludy and untiring devotion to applying scientific truths to practical ends. As an essayist. Mr. Gould enjoyed a high reputation, his productions being printed and read as widely as the subjects he treated had application. On the opening of Cornell University he was selected to give a yearly course of lectures on agriculture and the mechanical arts. These lectures have been promptly delivered, and at every course many farmers in the neighborhood of the institution have attended. He was one of the most popular of the non-resident professors of Cornell. His death lays on the institution a loss which it will not be easy to
make
good.'*
; ;

HUDSON CITY LODGE,
was instituted
charter
Silas
in
NEW YORK.
;
199
NO. 142,
R.
S.
V. G.
Andrew
;
Shiller, L. S.
V. G.
Herbert H.
Hudson, Aug.
9,
1849, with the following
Trent, Chaplain
Best, Jr. P. G.
;
Robert F. Hermanee, Organist; Hiram
members: M. W. Leland, Abraliam G. Vosburgh, W. Tobey, Henry Miller, \Vm. H. Coons, Morgan H.
John
B. Longley, Frederick
A. Welch,
Wilson Van Hoesen, Trustees.
Wm. I. Traver, John Crapser, Wui. H. Crapser, Edward Crossman, Chas. Mitchell, John H. Chariot. The first officers were Abraham G. Vosburgh, N. G. Morgan K. Chrysler, V. G. Edward Crossman, Sec; Henry Miller, P. Sec. Charles Mitchell, Treas.
Chrysler,
; ; ;
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.
JOHN BANI.M LODGE,
was instituted
NO. 83,
ganization,
Officers
J. Smith,
for
1878
;
are Jacob Fleahman,

;
N. G.
Robt.
V. G.
Richard J. Race, Sec.

;
Lewis
W.
;
Bach-
man, Treas.; William Horton, W.

C.
;
Augustus H. Sanford,
Wil-
William Horton.
I.
G.
E. H. Robert.s, 0. G.
of members at ornumber of members, eighty. The officers for 1878 are M. J. Crapser, Past Chancellor; Jacob Wronski, Chancellor Commander E. T. Denegar, Vice-Chaneellor H. Moores, Prelate; C. Champlin, Keeper of Record and Seal H. T. Waterman, 2d Mas31, 1872.
forty
;
May
Number
present
liam H. Crapser, Alexander Tanner, and Charles Ziesneitz,

Trustees.
ter of
Finance
L. Geiger, Master of Exchequer
S.
G.
George, Master at
Arms
John Keneyou, Outer Guard.
Present number of members, ninety-one.
The
Warren
street,
lodge meets at Odd-Fellows' hall.
The
lodge meets at
Odd-Fellows'
hall,
every Tuesday evening.
SONS OF THE COVENANT.
ALLEN LODGE,
was
instituted
GAMALIEL LODGE,
NO. 92,
NO. 116,
Aug. 12, 1843.

;
The
fii'st
;
officers
were JL
was instituted and chartered by the Grand Lodge, Aug. 23,

1868, the number of original members being twenty-five.
B. Chariot, N. G.
Sec.
;
M.
L. Pultz, V. G.
Jas. Batcliellor,
officers
; :
A.
Heermance,
;
The
Harris,
fii-st
officers
were
Treas.
Present
M. Greenthal, President; N.
;
E.
J.
Covey. N. G.
plin. Sec.
;
H. L. McArthur, V. G.
Charles
Cham-
Dosenheim, Vice-President
Financial Sec.
;
Jacob
Wronski,
;
Sec.
A.
H. Payne, Treas.
M. Swartz, Treas. Boston, Mentor; M. Peyser, Assistant Mentor;

S.
William
J. Fried-
UNION ENCAMPMENT
was instituted
at
lunder.
Warden
M. Sin)n, Guardian
at present a
S.
Kritzman, M.
Sylvester, A. Israel, Trustees.
Hudson, July
;
18, 1844.
Its first officers

;
The lodge has
membership of
fifty,
and
were James Batchellor, C. P.

Coffin, S.
M. L. Pultz, H. P.
;
S.
A.
fund of nearly 8UI00.

olence, brotherly love,
Its cardinal principles are
benev-
W.
William R. Steele, Scribe
H. Doty, Treas.
harmony, and the rendering of aid
G. Dixon, J.
W.
;
Present
officei-s
J.
W.
S.
;
Quick, C. P.;
and support
the
to the sick, needy,
and aged of the order.
At
Lucas
Fais,
H. P.;
Jacob
Waterman,
W.
W.
S.
the decease of a member, the
widow and children
receive
Taylor, Scribe
ple, J.
Thomas
P. Nash, Treas.
W.
D. Holsap-
sum
of SIOOO, which
in
is
collected by a per capita tax
W.
LINDENWALD LODGE, NO. 442,
at
:
upon the members

is
the district.
The
order, of
which
this
a subordinate lodge, extends through the United States,
was instituted Nov. 19, 1875,
Hudson, with twentyEdniond Chas. Getty
and has a memberehip of over twenty-five thousand.
eight charter members, as follows

(P. G.),
The
Sec.
present
officei's
of Gamaliel Lodge are M. Greenthal,

;
Henry W. Race, Depew
C.
Wildey
(^P.
G.), Geo.
President; M. Sylvester, Vice-President

;
Jacob Wronski,
C. Byrne, Jr. (P. G.), Martin
Rowe, Alexander R. Benson
M. Wolke,
Financial Sec.
J. Kritzman, Treas.
(P. G.), Charles F. Dernell, William L. Shortman, C. Shaver, Jacob
Minard
Waterman (^P. G.), William E. Hallenbeck, Edward A. Osborne, John B. Longley (P. G.), Ira Rider, Hiram Best (P. G.), Jlilo P. Moore, George G. Miller (P. G.), Norman S. Roe, Jay D. Ten Broeck. Frederick Hebener, Dedrick Van Hoesen, William Park, George B. Sweet, William Rowe, Andrew H. Getty, Richard M. Remington, Jr., John Elting, Christopher M. Mellen. Officers when instituted Alexander R. Benson, N. G. George C. Byrne, Jr., V. G. Depew C. Wildey, Sec.; Norman S. Roe, Treas. Present number of members, eighty-seven place of meeting. No. 225 Warren street. The officei-s for 1878 are George P. McArthur, N. G. Charles Van Albert, V. G. Hiram Simons, Sec. William
:
MISCELLANEOUS
.'SOCIETIES.
Among
the earliest of the
many
societies of
city in
Hudson
was the Society of Mechanics of the

town of Claverack, which
1791.
wits
of Hudson and
the spring of
formed
We.
are unable either to state the objects of the
society or to give the
names of
its first officers.
THE HUDSON .MECHANICAL SOCIETY

was incorporated by act of Legislature,
180(5
lot,
;
pas.sed
March
2],
the eorporatoi's being Jonathan Ames, Aaron Char-
Abiel Cheney, Daniel Chirk, Jared Coffin, Paul Dakin,
Isaac Hathaway, Nicholas Hathaway, Charles Holt, Prosper
Hosmer, John Kecney, James Nixon,

Aslibel
Jr.,
Laban Paddock,
Nathaniel Porter, William Rogers, Nathan Sears, Sylvanus

Seely,
C.
Falk,
Treas.;
Alexander
L.
S.
R.
Benson, R. S. N. G.
G.
;
Stoddard,
Robert
Taylor,
John
in the
C.
Ten
Robert
R.
Dorniandy,
N.
Richard
Roche,
Broeck, Cornelius Tobey, Samuel
Wigton, and William

county
Warden; Valentine Raab, Conductor; Casimer H. Guertin, R. S. S. Dedrick Van Hoesen, L. S. S. Jacob
; ;
Wigton, "mechanics of the city of Hudson,

of Columbia."
Waterman, 0. G.
Martin Kgan,
I.
G.
Theodore Morris,
The
first
officers
of the society were
Prosper Hosmer,
;;
200

;
NEW
YORK.
president
treasurer
;
Nathan
Seare,
vice-president
;
Daniel Clark,
Meetings are held on the second and fourth Mondays of

each month, at the club-rooms, 207 Warren
street.
C. Holt, secretary
Samuel Wigton, Paul Dain existence for a
kin, Cornelius Tobey,

directors.
Jonathan Ames, and Aaron Chariot,
This society remained
number
THE YOUNG MEN's TEMPERANCE AND LITERARY SOCIETY

holds regular weekly meetings at
its
of years.
rooms, corner of
War1,
ren and Third streets, Hudson.
It
was organized Oct.

as follows:
THE HUDSON CONSCRIPT CO.MPANY

Wi\s in
1873, the
first
officers
elected
being
Henry
formed March
Its
1,
180G, at the inn of James Faircluld,

give the impression that
this
it
Maloney, prasident; Michael Brophy, treasurer; Charles

Tillman, recording secretary.
Hudson.
name might
it
was a military organization, but instead of

society for
tiie
was
The
officers
;
of the society for 1878 are Dennis Kennedy,

;
detection and capture of horse-thieves,
who
were
tions.
at that
time very plenty and very bold
in their opera-
George Burch, Esq., was chosen

Epiiraim Mandell, Henry
treasurer,
I.
and David
Ingersoli,
Best, Christopher
Edward J. TillAndrew M. Purccll, librarian John W. Carlos, John F. Brennan, John Harvey, John Carroll, Dennis Kennedy, trustees. The present memberpresident
Frederick Sullivan, treasurer

;
man, recording secretary
Keillor,
Samuel
Dyer,
David Arms,
Jr.,
Samuel
Piersons,
ship
is fifty-five.
James
Jacob
Faircluld,
C. Platner,
John Davis,
Michael M. Hollenbeck,
riders.
and Abraham Morrison,
THE HUDSON TEMPERANCE REFORM CLUB

was organized Nov. 22, 1877,
at the close of a series of
city hall, in Hud.son,
THE COLUMBIA MORAL SOCIETY

was organized about 1815.
this society
its
temperance meetings held at the
by
Of
the objects or operations of

inferred from
Mr. C. C. Frost, of Maine.
we know no more than may be
M. Welch, president
Parmatier, Jacob
The first officers were John Reuben W. Jaquins, Rufus W.

;
name.
Similar societies were organized about the same
Van Hoesen,
;
time in Clavenxck,
other towns.
Kinderhook, Livingston, and perhaps
Ferguson, secretary
tary
;
vice-presidents James C. Hiram D. Gage, corresponding secrefinancial secretary

;
Reuben W. Jaquins,
Rev. C.
W.
Tomlinson, treasurer; J. T. Bowne, chaplain; Alexander
THE
P.
M.
its
C. T.
A. B.
SOCIETY, NO.
1,
Carter, sergcant-at-arms
Crawford Rifenburgh, Edward

janitor.
of Hudson, held
first
meeting on March
2,
1871, and
:
Law, marshals
David Burns,
officers,
elected the following
members
as its first oflicers

first
James
The
present
June, 1878, are John M. Welch,
Cooney, president; William G. Trimble,
vice-president;
president;
John Brennan, second vice-president

recording secretary
tary
;
;
Henry Maloney,
David Ryan,
Van Hoesen,
Hiram
urer
William Gabin, corresponding secrefinancial
James W. Quick, Robert Currie, and Jacob vice-presidents James C. Ferguson, secretary Reuben W. D. Gage, corresponding secretary
; ; ;
Thomas
Clark,
secretary;
Jaquins, financial secretary; Rev. C.

;
W.
Tomlinson,
treasser-
treasurer;
Michael Gaul, marshal.
J. T.
Bowne, chaplain
;
Lewis H. Herinance,
The
present ofiicers (elected September, 1877) are .John

;
geant-at-arms
mai'shals
;
Crawford Rifenburgh and William Gaskcll,

janitor.
Hennessey, president
David Ryan,
vice-president
;
first
vice-president
re;
David Burns,
James Patten, second

cording secretary
;
James Hallorn,
The
regular meetings are held on

in
Wednesday evenings
Fenton Cudy, corresponding secretary
of each week, and occupy rooms
the liegisler building,
urer;
Henry Murphy, financial secretary; Peter McShane, treasJohn Brady, marshal; Lawrence Doyle, John Brown, Michaol Pursel, John Costigan, and Morris Foley,
trustees.
on Central square.
nine .v.M. to ten p.m.
The club-room is open each day from The membership is one hundred
MILITARY.
and
sixty.
The Rev. Father Smith

society.
is
ejc-ajficii
president of the
The
" Cowles' Guard," a military

Col.
company
(so
named
fell
in
honor of the lamented

meets at St.
David
S. Cowles,
who
like
Present membership, eighty-five.

Society
a hero in an assault on the rebel fortifications at Port
Hud-
Mary's school-house, Allen and
son in
18G3), was formed
Third
streets.
THE HUDSON CLUB

was organized Jan. 28, 1873,
tion of rational
its
now numbers eighty-five some gray uniform with black trimmings and white
Hudson in May, 1878, and men. They have adopted a handin belts.
object being the promo-
The company is an exceedingly fine military body, and is now under command of the following officers Rufus J.
:
pleasures and social
intercourse
among
its
Palen, captain
W.
R. Elting,
first
lieutenant
Volkert
members.
dent
;
Its first officers
were John C. Hogeboom, presivice-president

;
;
Whitbeck,
Jr.,
second lieutenant.
IN HUDSON.
Richard Kidney,
first
William H.
Traver, second vice president
E. P. Magoun, secretary;
re-elected for
POPULAR DEMONSTRATIONS
The
by the
first
John M. Pearson,
the years of
treasurer
and these were
notable reception of a distinguished public
man
1871 and 1875.

1878 are Cornelius Esselstyn, president;
first
;
citizens
and
city
government of Hudson was that
The
J.
.Î.
officers for
given to Governor John Jay, on the 4th of July, 1792.
Johnson,
vice-president
V.
Whitbeck,
Jr.,
He
had stopped
at
Kinderhook, and came thence
to
Hud-
second
vice-president
Charles
W.
Bostwick,
secretary
son, for the purpose of taking passage
by sloop
to
proceed
Tliomos 0. Wells, treasurer.
down the
is
river.
He came by way
of Clavcrack, where he
The
present membei-ship of the club
forty-nine.
was met by
a cavalcade of about
two hundred Hudsonians,

who
escorted
201
him
to the city.
He was
received by
Mayor
About
the middle of the following day the
company reached
Seth Jenkins, on behalf of the city government and the

people,
the wharf at Hudson, where the hero entered a carriage
and was honored with an elegant entertainment at
drawn by four superb

in
horses, each led
by a groom dressed
under
the public-house of Russell Kellogg.
The
usual compli-
Turkish costume
and
in this
manner, escorted by the

all
mentary and
patriotic speeches
and
toasts
were given, the
military and a great procession of citizens,

tion of Colonel
direc-
principal citizens paid their respects,
and on the following
Charles Darling as marshal of the day, he

streets,
morning the distinguished guest moved to the landing and embarked, amid the acclamations of the populace and the
thunder of an
artillery salute
hill.
was taken through Warren and other principal
which were spanned
in various places
by arches of ever-
from Captain Frothingham's
green bearing inscriptions and mottoes of welcome.
To
guns on the Parade
the great crowds assembled he continually bowed his acthe demonstrations of
At
the death of
Washington
At
a
knowledgments, and everywhere he was greeted with un-
public grief were imposing.
meeting of the council
bounded enthusiasm, which was redoubled when he alighted

from the
carriage, limping from at the
held Dec. 20, 1799, that body took action as follows:

" The CouDcil having received certain accounts of the Death of our illustrious, beloved General Washington, and being desirous of testifying their sorrow
in
the effects of the
wound
which he received
before.
Brandywine nearly half a century

a groat
At
the court-house he was welcomed by the mayor,

to
the
moat public manner, do Resolve that the
and had presented
him
number of Revolution-
citizens be immediately notified to repair to the City Uall to form a
procession to the Presbyterian Mceting-IIouso, where suitable prayers

will be
ary veterans, the officers of the military, and the principal

citizens.
made by
the Rev. Mr.
Sampson, and an Eulogy
will be
spoken
by Mr. Gilbert on the solemn occasion."
Extensive preparations had been made

Allen's hotel, where the largest
for a
dinner at
The
procession
moved
in the following order
room was most elaborately
" Capt. Nicholas Ilathaway's
Company
of Infantry, with
Arms Re-
and beautifully decorated

bordered inscription
"
for the purpose.
Above the
chair
versed and Musick Muffled and Shrouded.
of honor, set apart for the guest of the day, hung a flowerin
Recorder and Orator. Council, two and two. The Reverend Clergy. Officers of the lute Revolutionary Army. Other Officers, Civil and Military. Citizens, two and two."
these words
Common
We bow not the head. We bend not the knee.

But our
hearts, Lafayette,
We
of the
surrender to thee."
Minute-guns were
city
fired
by the
artillery, the bells
But
those
who planned
the dinner festivities were disap-
were
tolled, all
places of business were closed, and a
pointed, for he had already spent
much
time here, and was

at the hotel.
vast concourse of citizens, wearing badges of morning, as-
compelled
to leave after a to
very short stay
So
sembled at the church
to listen,
with absorbing interest and
he said adieu
Hudson, and, re-embarking, passed on up

bade him God-speed.
Allen, lost his
deepest grief, to the touching eulogy.
the river, while the flocking thousands waved their fare-
most remarkable and joyous occasion

September, 1824.
that of the public reception of the old
Hudson was Marquis Lafayin
wells,
and the cannon upon the
blufl"
When
life in
the naval hero, William
Howard
ette,
in
Upon
his arrival at
New York
a desperate encounter with pirates off the north coast
a deputation
from Hudson had waited on him there, tenho.spitalities
of Cuba, and his remains were brought for interment to his

native city of Hudson, the people were
dering
him the
visit
of the city and soliciting the

politely
more deeply moved
honor of a
accepted.
from him, which invitation was
than they had ever been before
upon a public occasion.
Every possible sign of sorrow was shown.

left
The
bells
were
Lafayette
New York
and passed up the North
river
tolled, all business ceased, the entire
population of the city
on the steamer " James Kent," commanded by
Commodore
turned out to testify

to the grave,
tlieir respect,
and thousands followed
Samuel Wiswall.
After leaving Poughkeepsie he more
and stood uncovered during the service, the

firing of the parting volley.
than once mentioned his desire to meet again his " old
friend Livingston" (Colonel
burial,
and the
An
account
Henry B. Livingston, who had

Revolution),
of these obsequies will be found in a biographical sketch of

this distinguished officer, printed in another chapter.
served
"
under
him
at
in
the
and while the
Kent" was
Staatsburgh the colonel came alongside in
Martin Van Buren, while President of the United States,
a small boat, boarded the steamer,
and the two old men,

men's souls,
of the
made
a journey
from the
seat of
government
to revisit the
who had been comrades

lookers-on.
in the times that tried
county and town where he was born.
He
was everywhere
rushed to embrace each other, much
to the surprise to
received with great enthusiasm by the people, but especially
Then
the
party proceeded
in
the
Clermont
was
this the case in

in
Kinderhook.
Hudson, however, was

for the chief magistrate
mansion, where the night was passed
festivity.
There
not behind
showing her respect

flags, salutes,
the marquis was met by a committee from
Hudson, with
by means of
citizens.
and a general turning out of the

bitter
lie
Generals Jacob Rutsen

ing,
Van
Rensselaer and James Flem-
But what was made the subject of severe and

by the
political friends
official
who, accompanied by the Hudson City Guards, the
criticism
of the President was that
Scotch Plaids, and the
Hudson
bra.ss-band,
had come down
was not given an

city.
reception by the authorities of the

this courtesy
it
upon a steamer*
^
to escort the illustrious
guest to their city.
But
if
he had received
could hardly
have added
to the
popular enthusiasm which greeted him

this occasion, did not avail
We
are in doubt whether this steamer
was the " Richmond" or

it
here.
Mr. Van Buren, upon

in his private carriage.
the "Chancellor Livingston."

well recollects the occasion,
boat.
is
Mr. Henry Hubbcl, of Hudson, w.ho

confident that
was the last-named
himself of the public means of conveyance, but came and

departed
26
202

capture
NEW
YORK.
The
"
and incarceration of the anti-rent

in
chief,
Big Thunder,"
1844,
is
fully
mentioned
in
the general
east, fifty-eight chains, to
from said buoy south thirty-three degrees and twenty-five minutes a willow-tree standing in the fence; thence south seventy degrees and ten minutes east, ninety-six chains, to the
history of the county, as also the threats of incendiarism
centre of the old road, passing through the farm formerly

three degrees
owned by
si.xty-
and rescue made by his partisans, and the intense alarm and
excitement which pervaded the city of Hudson, and led to
its
Charles Evarts; thence along the centre of said old road north
occupation by the military.

in
One
of the papers of that
day (the Rural Repository),

events, said, "
us.
mentioning these stirring
All are
The days of chivalry have returned among now full of deeds of war and daring. We
etc.
are surrounded, as in a fortress, with soldiers, swords, pistols,
cannon, colonels,
These, in old Hudson, have become

It
the order of the day."
was certainly a strange expe-
and twenty minutes east, si-\ chains and sixty links; thence north forty-four degrees and twenty minutes east, ten chains and forty-five links; thence north fifty-five degrees and fifty minutes east, six chains; thence north thirty-three degrees and fifty minutes cast, four chains and forty links; thence north twenty-two degrees and thirty-five minutes east, fifteen chains and seventy links, to the northerly side of the Union turnpike; thence north eleven degrees and fifty minutes east, eighty-six chains, to a white-oak tree standing one chain and fifty-five links from the northeasterly corner of the farm lately owned by Jonas White, and nine links westerly from the
fence along the westerly side of the old road loading from Ilud.'ôn to
the print-works
;
rience for the staid and quiet city to find itself occupied
infantry, cavalry,
by
and
;
artillery,
with
all
their officers
and
thence from this white-oak tree north seventy-four

line; then southerly, following the Greene beginning, shall continue to be one of the by the name of 'the city of Hudson.'
paraphernalia of war
degrees and twenty-five minutes west, to the channel of the river or
but after the
first
few days of dread
to the
Greene county
were over, and
all
fears of the bedizened anti-renters
had
to
county
line, to the |ilace of
passed, the stay of the troops
became agreeable both
cities of this Stale,
themselves and to the citizens.
Balls and entertainments

re-
"Sect.
X.
The
said city shall be divided into four wards, us fol-
lows: The part lying southerly of the centre line of Warren street
were given
to
the
officers,
and the entire forces were
viewed by the mayor, and after a protracted stay and a

final
interchange of courtesies and compliments, the
dif-
and westerly of the centre line of Third street shall be the first ward. That part thereof lying northerly of the centre line of Warren street and westerly of the centre line of Third street, extended
to the northerly
ferent
commands
returned to their homes, probably some-
bounds of the
city, shall
be the second ward.
Tliat
what improved
During the
agitated,
part thereof lying southerly and easterly of a line running from a
in discipline,
and leaving the city none the
point in the centre of Third street, in the south bounds of the city, along
the centre line of Third street to the centre line of
worse for their temporary occupation.

five years
Warren
street,
succeeding 1860
crowded with great events
the
a period thickly
with
flags
thence along the centre line of Warren street to the centre line of
city
was often profoundly and
Seventh
street,
thence diagonally across the public square
to
the
centre line of Columbia street, and thence along the centre line of
sometimes draped and decked
Columbia
street
and Columbia turnpike-road
to the line of
Green-
streamers, and too often shrouded in
mourning
crape.
At
port, shall be the third ward.
And
that part thereof lying northerly

in a line
the receipt of the
momentous
tidings from Sumter, the de-
parture and return of volunteers, the obsequies of the brave
and easterly of a line running from a point of Third street, in the north bounds of the
with the centre
city,
southerly along the
centre line of Third street to the centre line of
Colonel Cowles, and the announcement of the assassination
of the great President,
on
easterly along the northerly line of the third
Warren street, thence ward to the line of
these and other scarcely less
Greenport, shall bo
known
as the fourth ward."
memorable occasions the

stores
citizens of
Hudson
in
closed their
and
offices
and shops, and collected
in great
gatherings
procession
The
city of
act above quoted from
is
the present charter of the
upon the
filled
streets, or
marched by thousands
fired
Hudson.
with patriotism,
with indignation, or weighed
down by
such
large
grief and mourning.
These were demonstrations
CITY OFFICERS OF HUDSONt 1785 TO
1878.
as, in
those times, were seen in almost every city and

in
MAYORS.
Appointed
hif
town
the
northern States, and of a sufficiently
the
Guvertior
recent date to be clearly in the recollection of the greater

part of the people
Council of Appointment.
now
living.
BOUNDARIES AND CIVIL DIVISIONS OF THE

The boundaries of
which
"
it is
CITY.
the city, and of the four wards* into
divided, were established by the provisions of

lo revise,
1785. Scth Jenkins. 1793. Thomas Jenkins. 1808.- Robert Jenkins. 1813. John Talman. 1315. Robert Jenkins. 1820. John Talman. 1821. Alexander Cofiin.
Elected by the Cnniinun
1842. Samuel Anablc. 1843. Charles Darling. 1844-45. Cyrus Curtiss. 1846.- Robert G. Frnry. 1847-48. Matthew Mitchell.
1849-50. Hugh McClellan. 1851. Peter S. Burger. 1852. George H. Power. (Nov.) Joshua T. Waterman. 1853. Peter S. Wynkoop. 1854. John C. Dormandy. 1856. Joshua T. Waterman. 1858. Jacob W. Hoysradt. I860. Samuel Bachman. 1862.Jacob Ten Brueck. 1864. Harper W. Rogers. 1866. Jacob W. Hoysradt. 1S68. Harper W. Rogers. 1870. George H. Power. 1872. Cornelius H. Evans. 1874-75. James N. Townscnd. 1876-77. Cornelius H. Evans.
An Act
amend, anil coimolidale

the City ../ Hinlsoii,"
the aeicral' acln

I,
ili
leCn-
Cm,
tlfm 10 the Charter
.>/
passed M.iy
1872, and'
amended May
"Sf.ctios
1.
21, 1873, as follows:
The district of country in the county of Columbia contained within the following limits, to wit: Beginning at a point bearing north thirty-three degrees and twenty-tive minutes west
from a buoy standing
son river:
at the southerly point of the flats in (he
1823-24. Rufus Reed. 1825-26. Thomas Bay. 1827-28. Oliver Wiswall. 1829.,-âmucl White. 18311-32. Samuel Anablc.
183.3-35.- Henry Smith.
Hud-
said buoy bears south seventy-seven degrees and five minutes west, forty chains and eighty links from tlie southwesterly corner of Mr. Goodwin's docl<, in the city of Hudson, and north
twenty-eight degrees and ten minutes west, twenty-nine chains from Black Rock, on the most northerly point of Mt. Merino; thence
1836. Robert G. Frary. 1837. Robert .McKinslry. 1839. Allen Jordan. 1840. George W. Cook.
Elected by the People.
1840-41. Robert G. Frary.

^ The
1815,
first
first
division of the city into wards
made
ward.
in the
year
t From the " Edwin C. Terry.
(.'olun
when
all
the territory below Third street

all
ted as the
County
Civil
List,"
compiled by Hon
ward, and
above said
street as the second
Photo, by F. Forehew, Huds.
HIRAM GAGE.
Hiram Gage was born
the Hudson.
parents
schools,
in
March, 1802,
at Castleton,
on
his
was ever a cordial supporter of
its
interests,
and one of
He came
a
to the city of
Hudson with
at the
the largest contributors towards the erection of the
new
when
mere
child,
was educated
public
church
edifice.
He
was indeed a generous patron of many
and spent the remainder of
his life in this city.
enterprises,
and
in the family relations dispensed his favors
His name appears among those who were connected with

the public enterprises of
with a judicious kindness which was often the occasion of

remark.
Hudson
for nearly half a century. for
He
was a successful crockery merchant
many
years,
and
Mr. Gage was never married, but kept house

city with his sister.
in
this
acquired a competency upon which, about four years previous to his death, he had retired, leaving the business he
He
was a man of
all
strict integrity,
honorable and upright in

tions,
his business
and
social rela-
had so long and industriously followed

Mr. Gage was interested
in'
to his
nephew.
prompt
to
meet
obligations, of great
firmness and
for those less
founding the Farmers' Bank
decision of character, and kindly
sympathy
of Hudson, of which he was one of the early directors, and
fortunately circumstanced than himself; so that, while he
continued in that position
till
the time of his death.
He
sought
to deal justly
with
all
men, he
also loved
mercy,
also held at various times the offices of supervisor, alder-
and always inclined
to the
more cheerful and hopeful views
man,
etc.
Of
a quiet, unostentatious manner, and rather
of Providence and the world.
retiring habits,
he was nevertheless prompt and
liberal in
He
departed this
life
on the 20th of February, 1871,
his impulses towards all benevolent objects or public enterprises calculated to
and was buried by the Knights Templar, of which order

he was a prominent member.
as
promote the growth and prosperity of
He
will long
be remembered
courtesy,
the city.
one
whose upright
ability
dealings,
uniform
the
and and
member of
the First Universalist Society of
Hud-
unostentatious
won
for
him
confidence
son, in
whose welfare he always warmly sympathized, he
esteem of the entire community.

RECORDERS.
Appointed.
1785. 1793.
NEW
YORK.
Assistants.
1.
203
Aldermftn.
Nathaniel Greene. Ilezekiah L. Ilosmer.

Jr.
1833. Darius Peck. 1843. Robert McClellan.

Elected.
9.Stephen Paddock. Thomas Jenkins.

James Nixon. Benjamin Folger.
Dirck
Delamater.
John Ten Broeck. Thomas Frothingham.
Thomas Worth.
I.John Ten Broeck.
1794. Levi Wheaton,

1797.
Alexander CoSBn.
(June) Cotton Gelston.
ISOl. Elisha Pitkin. 1802. David Lawrence. 1803. Philip S. Parker. 1810. Hezekiab L. Hosmer. 1811.Joseph D. Monell. ISl.l. Hezekiah L. Hosmer. 1815.Joseph D. Monell. 1821. Ambrose L. Jordan. 1827.John W. Edmonds.
1849. Rodolphus P. Skinner. 1852.Stephen L. Magoun. 1855. Elijah Payn. 1858. Henry Miller. 1861. Alexander S. Rowley. 1863. Robert B. Monell. 1865.- Henry Miller. 1867-69. Theodore Snyder. 1871. Isaac N. CoHicr. 1873. Edward P. Magoun. 1875-:7.John B. Longley.
0.Stephen Paddock. James Nixon. Thomas Jenkins.

Benjamin Folger. I.Stephen Paddock. Benjamin Folger. James Nixon. , Just. H. Van Hoesen. 2.Stephen Paddock. James Nixon.
Thomas Worth. Thomas Frothingham. Just. H. Van Hoesen.

.
John
Claud
Ten Broeck.
Thomas Worth. Thomas Frothingham.

I.
Delamater. Delamater.
.John Ten Broeck.

Claud
I.
Van Hoesen. Duncan Ingrabam.

Just. H.
^.
CITY CLERKS.
1785 1787 1789
,
Samuel Mansfield.
Thomas Frothingham.
Matthew Marvin.
Zacbariah Seymour.
.John
Bay.
Levi Wheaton. Ambrose Spencer.
Gayer Gardner. 1845. Stephen L. Magoun.

1835.
1804 ^^Thomas Frothingham.
Erastus Pratt. 1810, Cotton Gelston. 1811, Erastus Pratt. 1813, Abner Austin. 1814, Jonathan Frary. 1815, Gayer Gardner. 1821, James Barton. 1829. Nathan Chamberlain. 1832. Fletcher M. Beckman.
1806
,
, , ,
1848. William Bryan. 1851. William Caldwell. 1852-62. William Bryan. 1863-66. Horace R. Peck. 1866. Willard Peck. 1867-68.- William Bryan. 1869. Levi F. Longley. 1870-71. Edward J. Hodge. 1872. William Bryan. 1873-74. Francis C. Haviland. 1875-78. Edward J. Hodge.
4.
Samuel Mansfield.
Zaehariah Seymour.
Thomas Frothingham. David Smith. .Claud I. Delamater. Peter Rand. David Smith. Samuel I. Ten Broeck. Peter Rand.
.
Daniel Clark.
Claud
5.
I.
Delamater.
David Smith.
Stephen
Paddock.
Alexander Coffin. David Smith.

5.
Samuel I. Ten Broeck. Paul Dakin. .Peter Rand. Paul Dakin. Samuel I. Ten Broeck.
Daniel Clark.
.
Claud I. Delamater. Stephen Paddock.
Peter Rand.
Paul Dakin. Benjamin Haxstun.
Daniel Clark.
Alexander Coffin. Joseph Shove.
Reuben Macy.
CHAMBERLAINS.
1785-90.John Alsop. 1790-1802.Stephen Paddock. 1802. Robert Jenkins. 1803.Samuel Edmonds. 1804-S. Villiam Slade. 1808-13. Robert Folger.
181,'i-15.
1.
Joseph
Samuel
Shove.
.Paul Dakin.
William Ashley.
Jacob Davis.
1815-22. Robert Folger. 1822. Joseph Goodwin.
1823-29. Alexander Coffin. 1829-32. David West. 1832.Stephen Currie.
1833-35.Silas A. Stone. 1835. Edward Hyatt. 1836-41. Henry Smith. 1841-44. William Hudson. 1844-46.Silas A. Stone. 1846 William A. Dean. 1847-49. Henry Jenkins. 1849.John R. Currie. 1850. Robert Coffin. 1851. William H. Clark. 1852-55. Philip K. Burger.
Thomas Power.
I.
Ten Broeck.
.
John Gunn.
Claud
I.
Russell Kellogg.
Dclameter.
i. David Smith.
Paul Dakin.
Russell Kellogg.
Ebenezer Comstock.
Samuel I. Ten Broeck. James Nixon, Jr.
Samuel Edmonds.
). Elisha Pitkin. Samuel Edmonds.
.
Rufus
Silas
Claud I. Delamater. Backus. Robert Taylor.

Robert Folger.
Thomas Power.
Paul Dakin.
).
Rand.
Thomas
Power.
Peter Van
De Burgh.
Elisha Pitkin.
CITY TREASURERS.
1855. Robert W. Evans. 1856.- William H. W. Loop. 1857. Alexander Meech. 1858. George B. Allen. 1859. Ralph Utley. 1860-65. Ebenezer H. Gifford. 1866. Henry W. Dakin. 1868. Claudius Lambert.1869-70. Charles C. Hubbel. 1872-76. William B. Skinner. 1877-78. Richard Kidney.
[.
Daniel Clark.
Robert Taylor. Ebenezer Comstock.
Paul Dakin.
James Nixon,
.
Jr.
John Hathaway.
Robert Taylor.
Erastus' Pratt.
Nathan Sears. Peter Van De Burgb. John Hardick. John Hardick. James Nixon, Jr. Samuel I. Ten Broeck. John R. Hallenbeck.
Ebenezer Rand.
Claud
I.
!.
Ezra Sampson. Alexander Coffin. Benjamin Haxtun. Paul Dakin.
MEMBERS OF COMMON COUNCIL.

Aldermen.
ABjistauts.
Samuel Edmonds.
Robert Taylor.
I. James Hyatt.
Daniel Penfield.
.
1785.Stejihen Paddock.
Ezra Reed. Benjamin Folger. William Mayhew. 1786.Stephen Paddock. H. I. Van Rensselaer. Alexander Coffin. David Lawrence. 1787. Stephen Paddock. H. I. Van Rensselaer. David Lawrence.
1788
-Dirck Delamater.
Prosper Hosmer.
Delamater.
John Ten Broeck.

Marshall Jenkins.
Peter Hogeboom, Jr.
Samuel Edmonds.
Thomas Power.
Jonathan Becraft.
.
-Direk Delamater.
L Thomas
Power.
Araariah Storrs.
Ebenezer Rand.
Claud
I.
John Ten Broeck. Thomas Frothingham. Samuel Walworth.

-Dirck Delamater.
Daniel Penfield.
Prosper Hosmer.
Cornelius Tobey.
Delamater.
i. Paul Dakin.
Marshall Jenkins.
John Ten Broeck. Thomas Frothingham. Benjamin Chace.

-Dirck Delamater.
John M. Mann.
Erastus Pratt.
Cornelius Tobey.
Stephen Paddock.
;. John M. Mann.
Benjamin Folger.
Thomas Jenkins. James Nixon.

Resigned.
John Ten Broeck. Thomas Frothingham. Thomas Worth.

'.
George Burch.
Jonathan Becraft. Nathan Sears. Richard M. Esselstyne. John Hardick. John Keeney. .Claud I. Delamater. Nicholas Ten Broeck.
.
Thomas Power.
Nathan Nathan
Sears.
John Hardick. John R. Hallenbeck.
Paul Dakin.
Sears.
Solomon Bunker.
John Hardick.
Charles C. Hubbel appointed to
fill
vacancy.
204
NEW
YORK.
NEW
YORK.
205
206

ASSESSORS.
1824. Ezekiel
NEW
YORK.
1785. Daniel Paddock, William Van Alstyne, Jeremiah Ten Broeck. 1786. Jeremiah Ten Broeck, Jared Coffin, Daniel Paddock, William Van Alstyne, James Elting. 1787. Jeremiah Ten Broeck, Jared Coffin, Hezekiah Dayton, William
Tunnicliff,
Johannes Van Deusen.
Hezekiah Dayton, William Tunnicliff, Jeremiah Jared Ten Broeck. 1789. Jared Thomas Worth, Jeremiah Ten Broeck, William
1788.
Coffin,
Coffin,
Tunnicliff.
1790.
Thomas Worth,
Delamater.
Jared
Coffin,
Jonathan Bccraft, Claudius

Becraft, Claudius
I.
Butler, Fletcher M. Beekman. Cornelius Benham, Nicholas Ten Broeck, William Nash, Henry Relay. 1825. Fletcher M. Beekman, Ezekiel Butler, Cornelius Benham, Nicholas Ten Broeck, William Nash, Silas Stone. 1826 Josiah I. Underbill, Ezekiel Butler, Cornelius Benham, William Van Deusen, Seth Morton, John Haws. 1827. William G. Hubbel, Josiah I. Underhill, John Elting, William R. Macy, Silas Stone, William Van Deusen. 1828. Ezekiel Butler, Gayer Gardner, John Elting, William Van Deusen, William Nash, William R. Macy. 1829. Gayer Gardner, John Elting, Ezekiel Butler, William Van
Deusen, Silas Stone, Charles Everts.
1791.
Jared
Cotton Cotton
Coffin,
Thomas Worth, Jonathan

Thomas Worth, James
I.
1830.
Gayer Gardner, John Elting, Ezekiel Butler, Zephaniah Rowland,
Delamater.
1792.
Solomon Wescott, Charles Everts.
Gelston,
Elting, Claudius
I.
1831.
Jacob Traver, Robert McKinstry, Cornelius Benham, Solomon

Wescott, Zepbaniah Rowland, Nicholas Ten Broeck.
Delamater.
1793.
Gelston,
Thomas Frothingham, Claudius
I.
Delamater,
Claudius
Jacob Hardyck.
1794.
Cotton Gelston, Jacob Harder, Samuel Mansfield,

Delamater.
I.
1795.
Cotton
Gelston, Robert Jenkins, Claudius
I.
Delamater, Clau-
Robert A. Barnard, Cornelius Benham, Jacob Traver, William G. Hubbel, Lewis Whitlock, Nicholas Ten Broeck. 1833. Charles Dakin, Charles H. Coleman, Cornelius Benham, William G. Hubbel, Nicholas Ten Broeck, Lewis Whitlock. 1834. Amos Carpenter, Charles Dakin, Cornelius Benham, William
1832.
dius D. Delamater.
1796.
G. Hubbel, Ansel McKinstry,
Hugh
McClellan.
Claudius
Claudius
L
I.
Delamater, Robert Jenkins, Frederick Jenkins,

Delamater, Jonathan Becraft, Isaac Northrop,
Jonathan Becraft.
1797.
I.
Jacob Davis.
1798
1799.
1835. Amos Carpenter, Charles Dakin, Jonas H. Miller, William G. Hubbel, Frederick D. Gardner, Jacob C. Everts. 1836. William H. Coleman, Gayer Gardner, Jonas H. Miller, Hugh McClellan, Henry Bessac, Ansel McKinstry.
1837.
Jonathan Becraft, Thomas Power, Isaac Northrop, Claudius

Delamater.
William
John
Hollenbeck, Jonas H. Miller, Allen Jordan, Lionel

Little, Lionel
U. Lawrence, William E. Heermance, Joseph White.

1838.
Reuben
Macy, Jonathan Becraft, William Jenkins, Robert

Becraft, Isaac
Power, Israel Piatt, Gayer Gardner, Lewis
Taylor.
U. Lawrence, Henry Hubbel.

1839.
180n. Robert Taylor, Thomas Whitlook, Jonathan

Northrop.
1801.
John Power, Israel Piatt,

rence,
Alexander Jenkins, Henry Hubbel,
Benoni Brush, Lionel U. Lawrence.
Cotton Gelston, Robert Taylor,

craft.
Reuben Macy, Jonathan BeI.
1840.
John Power, Alexander Jenkins, James Nash, Lionel U. LawHenry Hubbel, Benoni Brush.
1802.
Robert
Taylor, Jared Coffin, Jonathan Becraft, Claudius
Delamater.
1803.
Samuel Edmonds, William Slade, Thomas Whitlock, James

Morrison.
I.
Jenkins, Lnvett R. Mellen, Charles Paul, Lionel V. Lawrence, Benoni Brush, Abraham V. V. Elting. 1842. Charles Paul, Alfred Gifford, Peter S. Burger, William H.
1841.
Alexander
Coleman, Stephen W. Miller, John Westfield.
1804.
I. Ten Broeck, Thomas Jenkins, Jr., Amariah Storrs. 1806. Samuel Edmonds, Jonathan Becraft, Oliver Wiswall, Michael M. Hallenbeck. 1807. William Slade, Oliver Wiswall, Michael M. Hallenbeck, Ezekiel
Thomas Whitlock, John Morrison. 1805. Reuben Macy, Samuel
Talman, James Nixon, James
I.
1843.
Alexander Jenkins, Lovett R. Mellen, Charles Dakin, Stephen

W.
Miller,
John
Westfield,
John Hardiek.
John Westfield.
William Nash,
1844.
Alexander Jenkins, Charles

W.
Dakin, Philip K. Burger, Stephen
Miller, Daniel Hoffman,
1845. Alfred
Gifford, Peter S. Burger, Charles Paul,
Stephen W. Miller, Andrew Michael.
Butler.
1346. Alexander Jenkins, Lovett R. Mellen, Peter S. Burger, Stephen W. Miller, William E. Heath, Joseph White. 1817. Darius Peck, Lovett R. Mellen, Peter
1843.
S. Burger,
1808. Solomon Bunker, Oliver Wiswall, Ezekiel

ting.
Butler,
John Si-
Abraham V.
V. Elting, William E. Heath, Stephen
W.
Miller.
1309.
Cotton Gelston,
than Becraft.
I.
Henry Dibblee, Claudius
I.
Delamater, Jona-
Alfred
Gifford, Lovett R. Mellen,
Alexander Jenkins, Lewis
Little,
Hiram Gage.
1810.
Thomas Jenkins, William Coventry, Daniel Newbery, Michael

Hallenbeck.
Coffin, AVilliam
1811.
Daniel
Coventry, Setb Jenkins, Jonathan
Race, Jr.
1812. Marshall Jenkins, William Slade, Ezekiel Butler. 1813. Thomas Power, Seth Morion, Charles Everts, Jared Fisk. 1814. Thomas Power, Seth Morton, Charles Everts, Thomas Whitlock.
1849. Alfred Gifford, Alexander Jenkins, Ichabod Rogers, Hiram Macy, Lewis Little, Stephen W. Miller. 1850. William H. Clark, Israel Piatt, Alexander Jenkins, Hiram Macy, William Nash, Abel Bullock. 1851. George Barker, Alexander Jenkins, Alfred Gifford, Abel Bul-
lock,
Stephen W.
.Miller,
Charles Mitchell.
1852.
Robert B. Moncll, Stephen Waterman, William

Bullock, William Nash, Stephen
H. Clark, Abel
W.
Miller.
1315.-John
1816. John
P.
Jenkins, William Coventry, Stephen Gunn, Charles
Everts.
F. Jenkins,
John Elting, Stephen Gunn, Nicholas Ten
1353. George Barker, Charles Paul, Henry Hubbel, Wm. Nasb, Abel Bullock, Lewis Little. 1854. Alfred Gifford, Stephen Waterman, Joseph White.
Broeck.
1817. William
G.
Hubbel,
John Elting, Charles Everts, Soth
Morton.
1818. William Coventry, William R. Macy, Nicholas Ten Broeck. 1819. William G. Hubbel, William Coventry, Michael M. Hallenbeck.
1820. William G. Hubbel, Fletcher M. Beckman, John Elting, Charles Everts, Henry Relay, Dirck Van Dcuscn. 1821. Fletcher M. Bcekmnn, John P. Jenkins, Cornelius Bcnham, Dirck Van Deusen, Philip White, Henry Relay. 1822. Job B. Coffin, Ezekiel Butler, John Elting, Chester Belding,
Charles Everts, Thomas Whitlock. 1823.- Fletcher M. Beckman, John Eltiug, William Wood, Robert H. Van Rensselaer, Henry Relay, William Nash.
1355. William Nash. 1856. Allen Reynolds. 1858. Alfred Gifford, Chas. Darling. 1859.- Joseph White. 1860.- Charles Darling. 1861. Henry Hubbel. 1862. Joseph White. 1863. Charles Darling. 1864. Peter S. Burger. 1865. Joseph White. 1866. Charles Darling. 1867. Peter S. Burger, Jacob Traver. 1868. Casper V. H. Morrison.
1869.
Denison
Hedges.

1S70. Peter S. Burger. 1871. George L. Little.
1872.
NEW YORK.
207
At
the time of his death, in 1822, he held the office of
Denison
clerk of
liedges.
Columbia county, an office at that time conferred by gubernatorial appointment, and indicative of the confidence and trust reposed in the recipient.
away, of Hudson, N. Y., a
standing.
1873. Charles Mitchell. Benjamin F. Deuell, (3eorge L. Little. 1874. 1375. Alc.iander W. Wilson. Ucorge L. Little, Benjamin F. Deuell, Ale.ânder W. Wilson. 1876.
1877. George L.
Little,
He
(Cornelius
Miller) married Beulah Hathaway, daughter of
John Hath-
man
of wealth and high social
Ale.\andcr
W.
Wilson,
Thomas W. Power.
The death of Mr.
Miller at an early age closed
POLICE JUSTICES.
1854.
a career of unusually brilliant promise.
James K. Van Ness.
1870. Elijah Payn.

1372.
His
son, Theodore, inherited
all
his
to
eminent qualities to
life,
1856-58.John Crissey.
ISfin. Robert C. Storm.
1862-04. John B. Longley. 1866.- John Crissey. 1868. Robert B. Storm.
Myron Van
Deusen.
a remarkable degree.
Admitted
at his
the bar early in
1373-75. John H. Overhiser. 1876. Charles A. Baurhyte. 1876-73. John H. Overhiser.
with but
little
means
command
save a thorough edu-
cation, an
indomitable
will,
and a mind and habits well
suited to his profession, by industry, hard study, and per-
severance he gradually
won
his
way
to
the front rank of
COMMISSIONERS OF EXCISE.
1873. AIe.i. W. Wilson, Maurice Woulle, Allen W. Seaman. 1874._William R. Steel, Manfred A. Howard. 1876. Charles I. Winans. 1876. Abm. G. Vosburgh, Abijah C. Stevens, Thomas A. Beekman. 1877. Thomas A. Beekman, Abram G. Vosburgh, Abijah C. Steven?. 1873. Thomas A. Beekman, Abraham G. Vosburgh, Abijah C.
his profession.
At
the very outset of his legal career he was placed in
circumstances well calculated to test not merely his abilities

as a lawyer, but his courage, fidelity,
and energy, and
all
the higher qualities of manly character.
In 1843 he was
appointed, by the old court of
common
pleas, district attor-
Stevens.
CHIEF OF POLICE.
Snyde
ney for Columbia county, the principal theatre of the antirent conflict, which at that period involved the most serious
local
difficulties
ever encountered by the judiciary.

in his profession in
He
the
was then young, and inexperienced
POPULATION.
The
population of Hudson, as enumerated at different

in
higher courts, but the duties of his office as district attorney required him to confront this formidable insurrection
against law and order, and bring to justice
its
perpetrators.
periods, has been as follows:
1790. 2584
1800, 3664;
1810, 4048;
1814,4725;
1820, 5310;
1825, 50U4
So
well did he perform his duties during this
stormy and
1840 (with Stockport and Greenport off), 5672; 1845, 5667; 1850, 6286; 1855, 0720; 1860, 7265; 1805, 7831; 1875, 8784. The assessed valuation of the city is given in the census report of 1875 as
1830, 5392
;
trying time in the criminal history of the county that he
came out of the ordeal with unlimited approbation.

sponsibilities
Not
only did he sustain the test of the grave and weighty re-
$5,102,280.
which this critical state of affiiirs imposed upon him, but gaiued an experience and prestige which
marked an era
in his professional
life.
From
that time forward he successfully pursued the best
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
HON. THEODORE MILLER,
one of the judges of the court of appeals of this State,
is
walks of his profession industriously, energetically and ably performing its varied duties until, in 1861, he had established so high a character for devotion to his profession,
ability in
its
practice,
and integrity and purity
as a
man,
that he was called by the appreciative voice of the Third
Judicial district of the State to be the associate of Judges

a
native of Hudson, N. Y., in which city he was born on the

.16th day of
side,
Peckham, Hogeboom,and Gould, as a justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.
His ripe experience
into
in all the various contested litigations
May, 1816.
He
is
descended, on the paternal

to
from
Holland family who came
this country in
which a busy
This
practice of nearly twenty years

fitted
had thrown
company with the Van

tled
in
Rensselaers, about 1650, and set-
him had eminently

situation.
in the
him
for his
new and responsible
Albany, N. Y.
Co.,
They afterwards moved

their descendants
to
Clav-
fitness
was fully recognized and expressed
erack,
Columbia
where
have since
popular vote by which his nomination on the Demo-
resided.
cratic ticket
father, the late Cornelius
was
ratified
at the polls.
His county, which

the city of
His
Miller,
was an eminent
Elisha Williams,
a year before had gone one thousand Tlcpublican, gave
lawyer of his time, and had for his contemporaries and

associates in practice
about two thousand

son
five
hundred majority
him Hud-
Martin
Van Buren,
polling about twelve
William
W. Van
Ness, and otlier prominent statesmen and
publican
gave
jurists of that day.
Born
in
Claverack in 1787, he grad-
although a
ao-ainst
hundred votes, and usually Rehim over eight hundred majority, and this very able and estimable lawyer was a candidate
uated at Columbia College, in the city of
New
York, and
him.
Ho was
triumphantly elected, and carried to
entered upon an unusually brilliant professional and public

career, being an active politician, a fine orator,
the bench the same habits of careful study and of paiiistakiiig research
and a gen-
which had characterized him

critical in analysis
at the bar.
His
tleman of
rience.
liberal
culture and
of a wide range of expehis professional life

lie
opinions soon began to attract attention.

learned,
sive
in
They were
logical,
During a portion of
prac-
and exhaustive,
reasoning.
and comprehen-
ticed
law in partnership with
Hon. Martin Van
BuriSn.
At
the
circuit
he shirked no labor.
208

Kind and courteous
to
all,
slighted no cause.
fearless
yet ever
tion
by a son of the
late
judge, Hon. Rufus
W. Peckham,
and unswerving in following his convictions, he

be regarded and cited as the mud'jl of an honest,
of Albany,
who
paid a just and eloquent tribute to the
came
to
character and services of

to
Judge
Miller,
which was responded

Elias J. Beach,
it
upright judge.
His administration was universally
satis-
by
his
unanimous nomination.
Judge
factory and successful.
in seconding the nomination, said

fit
he thought
a
" peculiarly
Speaking of the character of Judge Miller as a justice of the Supreme Court, the Albany Argus, of Oct. 3, 1870,
says, "
and appropriate that Mr. Peckham,
leading
prac-
titioner from
late
the Third Judicial district, and a son of the

death,
so
The young men of the bar found in him a judge who heard them patiently and respectfully, and from whose
the fate of their cases, they had a fair and respectful hearing,
Judge Peckham, whose sudden
deeply
lamented by the whole profession, had caused the vacancy

in the highest court of the State about to be filled, should
presence they went away satisfied that, whatever might be
present the
name of
man who
should so fully meet the

filial
and would have an honest, intelligent decision."
standard of excellence which his

necessarily
attachment must
After eight years' service as justice of the Supreme

Court,
demand of one
voluntarily sought as the official
Judge Miller was
re-elected
in
the
fall
of 1869
successor of his deceased father."
without opposition.
the courts under the
In 1870, upon the reorganization of
Upon
his nomination, the leading papers of both political
new
judiciary system, he was appointed
parties approved the action of the convention.
Said the
chief-justice of the general term of the
Third Judical de-
partment, embracing some twenty-eight counties, with Justices
Albany Evening Journal, " During the services of Judge Miller upon the bench, he has discharged its duties with
fidelity, integrity,
Potter and Parker as his associates.
This brought
and impartiality,
in
the highest degree

is
him
face to face with a professional constituency extending
creditable.
His knowledge of the law

his
comprehensive,
over half of the State.
and the bent of

the administration of
mind eminently
judicial.
The
party
new and Judge Miller won

In this
istration,
responsible field
could not do otherwise than recognize such conspicuous

merit."
universal commendation.
His
ability
and impartiality disarmed criticism, while under his adminwith the heavy calendars of the Third, Fourth,
districts
The
Judge
at the
favorable
opinions
so
unanimously expressed of
were
effectively indorsed
fifty
Miller's merits as a jurist
and Sixth Judicial
thrown upon them, there was
autumn
election
by a majority of over
thousand
scarcely one general term at
which any suitor had not an
in the State.
In his own county his majority was about
opportunity to bring his cause on to argument.
When
the
same
in
as that received at his first election to the
Supreme
speedy justice was not done,

general term over which
it
was not the
fault of the
Court
1801, showing that, as a candidate fur the higher
Judge Miller
presided.
judicial office, his popularity
had not depreciated among
At
for
the Democratic State convention, held in Syracuse,
those most intimately acquainted with him.
in the fall of
1874, Judge Miller was placed in nomination
His career
influential,
in
the court of appeals has been active and
judge of the court of appeals,
the .highest and most

It
and his labors unremitting.
Enabled by his
important judicial tribunal of the State.
may be
well
thorough training and discipline
to dispose of a vast
amount
here to remark that the court of appeals of the State of
of work, he and his associates have succeeded in disposing of the accumulations on the docket, so that now, at each
term, every case ready for argument can be heard and decided.
New York was

in
organized under the new judiciary system

;
1870, with Hon. Sanford E. Church, chief judge
Wil-
liam F. Allen, Martin Grover, Kufus
W.
Peckliani, Charles
J. Folger, assoto busi-
A.
Rijpallo, Charles
Andrews, and Charles
His opinions are found scattered through eighty odd

volumes of Supreme Court
reports,
ciate judges.
Thus composed, the court proceeded

its
which have been pub-
nass in July, 1870, and

incessant, questions
for
final
labors thenceforward have been
lished since he took his place on the bench, and
some ten
of great impoitance being submitted

Principles of law and of government
volumes of reports of the court of appeals, since his connection with the latter, settling grave and important questions,
decision.
reaching far into the future, and the establishment of precedents which cannot be
arising for adjudication
eiisily
which are cited and followed
in
every court and in
set aside, are
continually
almost every case.
His opinions have been characterized

remarkable specimens of clearness
without any straining
at effect or
and settlement, and the decision of

is
by a competent
indulgence
critic as
these questions, often involving great labor and learning,
and simplicity of
in
style,
the legitimate work of the court of appeals.

great responsibility and labor of
its
Hence the
idea of the
its
brilliant
metaphor.
His thoughts are crys-
bench.
An
tallized in plain, forcible language,
and his opinions abound
extent and variety of the questions submitted for

sion
deci-
in evidences of
deep study and careful and comprehensive
may
be gathered from the fact that this court hears In a

this
knowledge of the subject upon which they are rendered.
and decides more than six hundred cases annually.

recent able historical review of the
A
"
distinguished judge,
now deceased (Judge Strong),

Miller's
qualifications
proceedings of
tersely
summed up Judge
Quick, active, both
thus
in
court
we find the following remark New York court of appeals stands

;
"
Beyond
dispute, the
He
has one of the best balanced judicial minds

in
the
to-day second only in
State.'"
faculty and
temperament,
importance, and at least equal in ability, to the chief national tribunal at
Washington."
to
fill
Being of a reis at the same time calm and reflective. markably active mind, the rapidity with which he often
he
reaches results
is
Judge Miller was nominated

of Judi'e Pcckham.
the
first
vacancy on
no evidence of a want of thoroughness or
the bench of the court of appeals, occasioned by the death
of a hasty judgment; on the contrary, his wide range of

available
He
was brouiiht before the conven-
information
and mental
activity enable l.im
to

generalize rapidly and at the
NEW YORK.
seventeenth
century,
settling on the
209
same time accurately.

wliich
One of
is
middle of the
they emigrated
to
the most marked peculiarities of his mental oro;anization

his
America
some of them
was
Hudson
for
at
King-
power of concentration, by
he
is
enabled to write
ston and Rhinebeck, in which latter place the subject of

this notice
and carry on a conversation

the early part of his
tics to business,
at the
same time.
politician, especially in
poli-
bom and was

up
merchant
many
years.
Although an active and sagacious

life,
The
earlier part of his life,
to forty-seven years of age,
he has always subordinated

office
was spent at Rhinebeck, where he took a prominent part

in the general aflâirs
and accepted no
except in the line of
of the village and community, being
his profession.
A personal
At
friend and associate of Mr.
Buren, he
racy in
affiliated
with the Free-soil branch of the

the breaking out of the
Van Democ-
one of the principal founders of the academy, and supporters of the
Reformed Dutch church
at that place.
1848.
Rebellion in
in
On
In
sided
the 8ih of December, 1830, Mr.

to
DuBois was united

Y.,
1861 he earnestly espoused the Union cause, and delivered the first address made in Columbia county in favor of
the vigorous prosecution of the war.
a
marriage
Rachel A. Schryver, of Rhinebeck.

to
1851 he removed
till
Hudson, N.
where he
a
re-
He
has always been
the
time of his
death, and was

first
successful
Democrat, and has adhered firmly
to the principles of
financier
and banker.
In 1855 he
became connected
the party, but he has never been a mere partisan nor an

office-seeker.
with
the
Since the commencement of his judicial calittle in politics.
quently,
its
Hudson River Bank as a director, and sub.seon the retirement of Judge Barnard, was chosen
which
office
reer
he has participated but
Yet he
is
piesident,
he held during the remainder of
STEPHEN AUGUSTUS DUBOIS.

the only citizen of Columbia county, since Mr.
Van Buren,
his
life.
In his capacity of director and president of the

tireless in his
who
N.
has been elected to a State
office.
bank he was
daughter of Peyton
endeavors
to
promote
its
welfare.
Judge Miller married Alice

Farrell, Esq., of Greenport, this
E.,
Columbia Co., N. Y.
two of
By
Mr. DuBois was a man of scrupulous honesty and integrity. He aided many men in their business by loaning
union he has had

:
five children,
whom
are
living, viz.
Margaret Miller and Peyton F. Miller,

in
now who is
them money on
often
liberal
terms, never exacting usury, but

interest.
taking
less
than legal
Possessing ample
a lawyer and engaged
the practice of his profession in
pecuniary resources, he was in his own way, and without

caring to have his benefactions
the city of Albany, N. Y.
While Judge
labors.
this brief sketch
is
being written (July, 1878),

is
every proper object which

thies and
in
made public, liberal towards commended itself to his sympaseldom,

if ever, called
Miller, with a portion of his family,

rest
absent in
judgment.
He was
upon
Europe, seeking
and recuperation from
his exhausting
vain for aid to any worthy charity.
He
was warm-
hearted and enduring in his friendship, kind and affectionate in his family,
and courteous and agreeable
in his social
STEPHEN AUGUSTUS DuBOIS

was
and business intercourse.

qualities
circle
For these and other excellent
he was highly esteemed and respected by a large

of Mr. DuBois was passed at Rhinebeck
in
bom
at
Rhinebeck, Dutchess Co., N. Y., on the 21st
of friends and acquaintances.

entire
life
of January, 1804.
His ancestors were originally French

settled
in
The
Huguenot", who
Holland, whence, about the
and Hudson, except that
the year 1869 he spent six
27

210
months
Europe.

io
NEW
YORK.
postmaster of the city of Hudson,
Joining his son, his only child,

in Paris,
who
1869
to
1877
he was
had been studying
he visited Holland, Belgium,
and resigned
at the expiration of the latter time.
For the
and Switzerland, afterwards making a tour through England,

Scotland, and Ireland, and returning
that year.
past two years Mr. Hoysradt has held the office of presi-
home
in
November of
life,
dent of the Farmers' National Bank of Hudson,
a position
:
This was a great event in his quiet
and
indicative of the confidence reposed in his financial abilities
one which he fully enjoyed.
by the
his beloved wife,
directors of that institution.

is
Mr. DuBois died on the 31st day of December, 1869, and his remains were
in the family lot at
laid
Mr. Hoysradt
not wholly absorbed in business
while
by the side of
these varied interests occupy his chief attention, he has also a taste for general literature and art, and enjoys with a keen
zest the amenities of social
Rhinebeck.
and domestic
life.
The beauty
HON. JACOB W. HOYSRADT.

Among
son
the active business
and the pleasures of home are not neglected, and in his intercourse with friends he is one of the most social and
a promhospitiiblc
men who have gained
of men.
inent and influential place in the affairs of the city of
Hud-
may be mentioned
the gentleman whose
name heads
Mr. Hoysradt was united in marriage to Caroline, daughter of the late Charles McArthur, of this city, in 1853,
and by
this
this brief biographical notice.
union has one son and three daughters
living.
Mr. Hoysradt was born

lumbia
life
in the
town of Ancram, Co-
Co.,
N.
Y.,
March
8,
1824.
A
in
portion of his early
was spent
as a clerk in a general country store at Valatie,
in
this county,
and
also as a clerk
the city of Albany.

in the
HON. SAMUEL ANABLE

was well known
of Hudson for
as a business
In the spring of 1845 he commenced operations,
and public man
in
the city
employ of Mr. C. C. Alger, in the manufacture of pig iron, at Berkshire, Mass., in which capacity he remained about five years. The Hud.son Iron Company being formed in
1849, he came in the spring of 1850, with Mr. Alger, to
this city,
many
years.
He was
born in
Haddam,
Conn., March 20, 1786, and after spending a short time in
London, came from that city to Hudson in his youth, and learned the trade of a currier with Mr. Hopkins, then
residing here.
New
and was associated with the

the
latter in the
manage-
ment of
talents
Hudson Iron Works
till
1864
period of
of Middle
He was married in 1805 to Nancy Cary, Haddam, Conn., and about 1810 established
in business
till
fourteen years of active and successful experience, requiring
the leather business on the public square, in the city of
and business qualifications of a high order.
Upon
Hudson, where he continued

date he sold a part of
hi.s
1835, at which
the retirement of Mr. Alger, in 1864, Mr. Hoysradt was, by
business to his son,

entirely in 1837.
John
S.
unanimous consent of the directors and stockholders, chosen general manager of the company, and has filled the position
in a very efficient
Anable, and discontinued
it
At
tion.
this period other interests
began to engross his atten-
and satisfactory manner ever
since.
In
He became
interested in farming, in the
West Stockand
aii
1868 he was pany, which

to hold. It
elected president of the
Hudson Iron Comstill
bridge Marble Association, and in the Hudson and Berkshire railroad,
responsible
office,
together with the general
now
the
Hudson branch of
the Boston
supervision and direction of the business, he continues

is
Albany
active
railroad.
In each of these corporations he was

also for
sufficient evidence
of Mr. Hoysradt's ability

efficient
in these positions to say that
under his
manage-
member and director, and was director of the Hudson River Bank.
defatigable industry
many years a He was a man of inby the large and
ment the Hudson Iron Works have been prosperous, notwithstanding the great depression in this branch of manufacture throughout the country generally since the panic
and
enterprise, and,
successful business interests
which he conducted, became

politician of
quite wealthy.
of 1873.
has been
He
is
known
as a
thorough business man, and

with
He
was a Democrat and a
much
ability
and
actively
identified
most of
the
leading
sagacity.
In the Jackson campaigns of 1828 and 1832
interests of the city since
he came
to reside here.
Proba-
bly no
man
has done more to build up the industrial and
he was very active, and was a friend and supporter of Van Buren in 1836. In 1832 and 1833 he was elected mayor
of the city of Hudson, the duties of which
office
financial welfare of the place than has
Mr. Hoysradt dur-
he ably
ing the period since he
commenced
operations in this city,

is
discharged, and to which he was again elected in 1843.
and
his character as a
man and
a citizen
in
full
accord
Mr. Anable was a man of

honest and upright in
all
strict
integrity, strenuously
with his eminent business qualifications and successes.
his dealings
and
relations.
He
He
has been an earnest Republican since 1856, and has

politics,
was
also a
man of
great force and strength of character,
taken an active part not only in local
but
to
some
too candid and honorable to equivocate or deny his honest

convictions, and too generous and catholic to disrespect the
extent in the general political movements of the State and

nation.
In 1868 he was
a. delegate to
the National Repubalso a delegate

in
honest convictions of others.

professor of religion, but
Early
in
life
he was not a
lican convention held at Chicago, to the National
and was
he was subsequently converted,
Republican convention at Cincinnati,
1876. In the fall of 1858 he was elected mayor of the city of Hudson, and served during the years 1859 and 1860. He
and became a member of the First Presbyterian church of Hudson. The account which we have seen of his conversion says, " The impression of his conversion was felt
through
all
the town.
it.
No man
;
ridiculed
it,
for
no
man
was again
elected to the
same
office in
1866, and served
could deny
There he stood
the
man whom
they had
during the two following years.
For eight years
from
known, the proud man, the man of the world, transformed
< ^^-^-
T.^:^
>^-t;-=^
^^
HISTOEY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY,

into
NEW YORK.
ZU
the humble, zealous
Christian.
He came
forward,
Sarah Parker, was the oldest daugliter of Mighill Parker,
with
many
others,
and publicly professed his allegiance to

in the
who performed
valuable service for his country during the
Christ.
He
was ever ready to speak for his Master,

;
War
plow
of 1812, and granddaughter of Captain Parker, comat Lexington,
church, in the streets,^-everywhere
and his words were
mander of the " minute-men"

in
who
left
his
burning words.
He
witnessed a good confession.

at last
Such
did he
the furrow on the day of that memorable battle,

little
was his
life
and when
God
called him,
;
how
and led his
army
to victory.
His father was a
lineal
meet death
exultingly.
celestial
Patiently,
resignedly
last
is
may
it
say, almost
descendant of David Williams, one of the captors of Andrd,
When
the
moment came
was one of
and of William Williams, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
triumph."
Such
the testimony borne by his
pastor.
Like most
liams
is
succes.sful
editors
in
this
country, Mr. Wil-
In January, 1840, Mr. Anable had been injured by a

kick from a horse, which permanently lamed him, and was
a self made man.
He
was thrown upon his own

a strong will, indomiall
resources
when quite young, but by
supposed to have hastened his death.

life
He
departed this
table porsevenince,
and industrious habits he mastered
on the 11th of July, 1846.

their seven oliildrcii, only
His wife .survived him,
the practical, and

tion,
many
of the intricate, branches of educaclass.
and died March IG, 1866.
and was never behind his
He
early manifested
Of
two daughters and their
a literary taste, and took naturally to the pen.
He
com-
M.
son, Samuel,
PARKER WILLIAMS.
menced writing
for periodicals before
now remain.
The
latter,
Samuel Anable, the
he reached his eigh-
youngest of the family,

business in
his father's successor in the leather

to
teenth year, and from this source received a considerable
Hudson from 1838

is
1845,
is
now
a resident
income, a large part of which came from good old " Father
Norris," editor of the Boslon
Olive
of Albany, where he has carried on the same business since
Branch, then one of
1846, and
city.
one of the successful business men of that
the leading literary papers of the country, and

special pride in developing literary talents in the
who took
young.
In 1848, at the age of twenty-two, he became editor of
M.
editor and
PARKER WILLIAMS,
Hudson Gazelle and Daily
on the 24th of Febin Belfast, Maine,
the Gazette, at Thomastown (now Rockland), Maine; but
aiming for a larger
field
of labor, he went to
Boston in
city.
proprietor of the
1850, and was connected with the Herald of that

nected with the Daily Register.
Register,
was born
His
In 1851 he was called to Philadelphia, and was there con-
ruary, 1826.
father,
Captain John Williams, was a
prominent ship-owner and sea-captain of his time, and was

largely
On
it
the 7th of September, 1857, he purchased the
Hudbuilt
engaged
in the
East India and Liverpool trade.
son Gazette, which was in a decaying condition.
He
He
died in 1831,
five years old.
when the subject of this sketch was He came from sturdy Revolutionary stock
sides.
up
to a
paying
basis,
and on the 26th of May, 1866,

Register.
established the
Hudson Daily
He
purchased a
on both the maternal and paternal
His mother.
franchise in the Associated Press, which was a bold venture
212

experience in journalism, and
success of the
NEW
YORK.
he was appointed by the governor
:it
that time, but with his
In February,
183.S,
the facilities at his
command, the
;
journal
and Senate of the State of

of Hudson, then a judicial the
New York
recorder of the city
was assured
at the outset
and the
result has not disap-
oflScer, as well as a
member of
pointed his sanguine expectations.
Under
his lead
rural
common
council of that city, which office he held until
journalism in this section of the State has greatly improved

in
April, 1843.
He was
for several years city superintendent
mechanical appearance, and no small degree of the imin enterprise
of schools, and master and examiner in chancery, and in

April, 1843, was appointed by the governor and Senate of
provement
last
and energy
to
in
Hudson within the
decade
may
be attributed
the influence of the
the State of
New York
a judge of the court of
common
Gazette
and
Register.
pleas of the county of Columbia, N. Y.
In
November,
1855, he
re-elected,
w;us elected,
and
in
November, 1863 and 1867,
county judge of Columbia Co., N. Y.
now, and for several years has been, president of the
HON. DARIUS PECK

was born
He is Hudof
son City Savings Institution.
on the 5th of June, 1802, in Norwich, Chenango
Judge Peck
has, for a few years past, devoted
much
Co.,
N. Y.
He
is
the oldest of the six children of Rev.

(Ferris) Peck, his wife, and
is
his leisure from professional
and
official
occupations to re-
John Peck and Sarah

eal
a lin-
searches relating to the history and genealogy of that branch
descendant
in the
seventh generation of William Peck,
of the Peck family to which he belongs, and has published

a
who emigrated from England with Governor Eaton, Rev.

John Davenport, and
founders, in
others, being one of the
work on that subject exhibiting great thoroughness of
prominent
research and accuracy of detail, as well as an improvement
1038, of the colony of
New Haven,
Conn.
upon the usual plan of preparing such works.
His and
father, in
1804, removed with his family from Norwich,
He
was married, Sept. 12, 1836,
to Harriet
M. Hudson,
settled in Cazenovia, then
one of the western frontier
of the city of Troy, N. Y.,

forty-nine year.', and by
all
who died
April 18, 1863, aged
towns of the State of
New
York.
At
that period schools
whom
he had his seven children,
of a higher grade being few and far distant, his advantages

for
born in the city of Hudson, N. Y., whose records are
an early education were limited
to the
common
schools
briefly as follows
of the vicinity until he was about seventeen years of age.

Prior to this time, however, his eager desire for intellectual
Juhn Hudson, born Fjb.

ilton
7,
1838; graduated
;
at
Hamto
College,
New
York, in 1859
was admitted
the
in
improvement and
devote
for a liberal education
induced him
to
bar of the Supreme Court of the State of
New York
many
of his evenings and
much
of his few intervals
1862, and settled as a lawyer
in
the city of Troy, N. Y.,
of leisure from farming occupations to the acquirement of

general and classical knowledge, and thus, by the aid of appropriate books and the occasional assistance of a neigh-
where he
city.
is
one of the law firm of Tracy
&
Peck, of that
boring classical scholar, he became quite proficient in the

Latin language, and commenced fitting for college in the autumn of 1819, under Rev. Daniel Hascall and Mr. Zenas Such Morse, principal of Hamilton Academy, New York.
preparation continued until the
labor
fall
Horace Robinson, born Dec. 9, 1839 graduated at HamNew York, in 1859 was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the State of New York in 1863
;
ilton College,
settled as a lawyer in the city of

is
Hudson, N. Y., where he
pursuing the practice of his profession.
He
was married
of 1822, interrupted by
to
Anna Van Deusen, of

16, 1869.
Greenport, N. Y., Nov. 14, 1867,

child,
upon
his father's
farm during the summer, and by

the sophomore class of
insti-
and has one son, an only
Bayard Livingston, born
teaching school in the winter.

In October, 1822, he entered
Aug.
Sarah Lucretia, born March
19,
;
1842
was educated at
Hoff'-
Hamilton College,
New
On
York, and graduated at that
the Female Seminary, Troy, N. Y.
married Martin
tution in August, 1825, ranking
among
the highest in a
man
Philip, of the
town of Chiverack, N. Y., Oct. 19,
numerous
cities
class.
leaving college he studied law in the
1859, and died there Oct. 25, 1876.
She had
children,
Hudson and New York, under the direction of Hon. Ambrose L. Jordan and William Slosson, and became
of
for
Katharine
1860
N. Y.
;
Hudson, N. Y., Sept. 13, Harry Van Ness, born Aug. 9, 1862, and Laura
Maud, born
in
well qualified
the practice and the discharge of the
Johnson, born Dec. 10, 1863;
both born in Claverack,
duties of the legal profession.
He
was admitted
to the bar
in
of the
Supreme Court of the State of New York

in the following
Willard, born
College,
March
in
2,
1844
graduated at Hamilton
August, 1828, and

in the city of
year settled as a lawyer
New
York,
1864, and was admitted to the bar
Hudson, N. Y., where he has since resided

his professional career.
of the Supreme Court of the State of
New York
in
1867.
and continued
He
is
;
practicing his profession in
the city of Hudson,
He
and
is
distinguished as a sound lawyer, and an able, safe,
N. Y.
was married
to
Mary Langford Curran,
of Utica,
reliable counselor.
His high moral character, thorough

principles,
N. Y., June 16, 1869, and has had children, Harriet Hudson, born in
knowledge of
legal
and equitable
and
their ap-
Utica, N. Y., April 2, 1870, and died there

7,
plication, together with
his long experience,
have inspired
April
5,
1870; Philip Curran, born Feb.
1874, and
and secured the utmost confidence of

his
a large clientage in
Darius, born
son,
May
5,
1877
both born in the city of
Hud-
own and
in the adjoining counties.
His career has been

years,
N. Y.
;
a busy one,
and he has been
for
many
and
still
is,
Nora, born Sept. 16, 1846

Seminary, Troy, N. Y.
;
was educated
at the
Female
much occupied with
the discharge of the numerous and
married Frederick Folger Thomas,
important trusts committed to his care.
of San Francisco, Cal., June 18, 1873.
Her
children, both

born
in
NEW
YORK.
H.
213
Oakland,
Cal.,
where she
resides, are
William
JOHN
N. Y.
dale,
OVERHISER.
4,
Shepard, born March 23, 1874, and

Feb. 10, 1876.
Maud
Angeline, born
Mr. Overhiser was born Jan.
1813, in Dutchess Co.,

to
His
father,
Co.,
George Overhiser, removed
Hills-
Theodosia, born Oct. 24, 1848, and died in the city of
Columbia
when he was
quite young.
till
Here he
In 1840
Hudson, N. Y., Aug. 23, 1849.
was brought up on a farm, and resided
1835, when he
Emma
Willard, born
May
9,
1852
was educated at the

in
removed
to
Cayuga county, where

to Hillsdale,
his father died.
Female Seminary, Troy, N.

Hudson, N. Y.
Y.,
and resides
the city of
he returned
In 1842
where he spent
five years in
mer-
cantile busine-ss.
he commenced his
political
career.
He
was and
HON. JACOB TEN BROECK

was born on the 13th of May, 1800,
farm
in
elected justice of the peace for the town of Hillsdale,
served in that capacity eight years.
He was
four terms
Clermont, Colum-
bia Co., N. Y., where he was reared, and remained on a

till
elected to the board of supervisors, and one year served as
chairman of that body.
1844, when he removed to the town of Greenport,
In 1850 he represented the Second

the Legislature.
Assembly
district
in
In
wlience, after a residence of ten years, he

city of
removed
since.
1867 he wa
most
to the
Hudson, and has resided here ever
He
elected sheriff of the county, and on the
30th of May, 1868
is
was required, by -virtue of
his office, to perform the
HON. JACOB TEN BHOECK.

the only director of the Farmers' National
in
JOUN
living
H. OVEUIIISER.
life.
Bank now
disagreeable duty of his
the
execution of Joseph
liis
Hudson who was made such upon the

till
organization of
Brown, convicted of the murder of

the county for fifty-one years.
own
child.
It
was
in
that institution, and he has served continuously in that
the only case of capital punishment which had occurred
capacity
the present time.
In 1862 he represented the Firet Assembly district of

the county in the State Legislature.
Previous
to
filling
most of these
official
positions,
and
In 1863 and 1864
subsequent
to his services in the Legislature,
Mr. Overhiser
he was mayor of the
city of
Hudson, and, on account of

the duties of
was engaged
ness on the
this business
to
in extensive
forwarding and commission busirailroad.
the war and other causes, had an unusually responsible and

laborious administration.
his office with ability
New York
He
city,
and Harlem
to
He
continued
But he performed
credit,
from 1852
1868, at which time he removed
and
such as have always char-
Hudson.
assisted in organizing the present police
acterized his conduct as a public
man and
private citizen.
system of the
and
in
1873 was appointed by the mayor

justice, the
He
has been
all
his life a
man
of steady habits, industry,

f|ualities
and common council police

office
duties of
which
and enterprise, and by the application of these

business
to
he
is still
discharging.
He
is
an
efficient
and popular
he has secured an honorable reputation and a
municipal
officer.
first
comfortable competence.
Mr. Overhiser has been three times married, his

in
and
Mr. Ten Broeek was married,

ner, of Dutchess
fruit
1821, to Miss
Ann
Benthe
third wives being sisters,
Emily and
Eliza,
daughters of
county, and of the eight children,
Captain Isaac Downing, of Hillsdale.

Eliza,
His second wife was

Hillsdale.
of ihis marriage, five are living at the date of this
widow of William H. Downing, of

all
He
citi-
writing.
In 1854 he
left
the farm on which he resided, at the
has reared three children,
by the
first
marriage, two of
Greenport, to one of his sons, and came to reside in

city of
whom
are
now
living.
The Downings
are
well-known
Hudson,
retiring
from active business except that
zens of Hillsdale, their ancestors having settled there
many
required in looking after the interests of the bank.

other son resides on the old homestead in Clermont.
His
years before the Revolution, and the original estate being

still in
the possession of
some of
their descendants.
'
214
NEW
YORK.
CHARLES ESSELSTYN.
Charles J^sselstyn was ihe son of Cornelius and Clar.i
Esselstyn, of pure Knickerbocker stock.
son
Academy, and
he bade
well
remember
llie
forensic promise of
He wns
born in
his e;irly years, and how, in easy, flowing, and graceful elocution,
fair to outstrip all
Claverack, in this county, in October, 1803, entered the
his youthful competitors,

so,
freshman class of Union
Ci)lle<re in
1822, and -jraduated
in
and he would very probably have done

modesty and retiring
disposition.
but for his native
the same class with Hons. Elias
W. Leavenworth and
Josiah
He
had many of the
Sutherland, both from this county.
striking qualities and characteristics of a successful orator:
Ho
in
died at Hudson, on the 21st day of December, 18G8,

aire.
a fine-shaped head, a
full
and expressive eye, great case and

address, quick perceptions, and
the sixty-sixth year of his
He
had been for more
flow of language, a
happy
all,
than forty
yejirs a practitioner,
and
for a considerable por-
perhaps, more than
a power of ready adaptation in con-
tion of the time a le;\dini; and successful one, at the bar.
Columbia
for
versation and manner, to the character, tastes, and tone of

his audiince.
He
studied law with Hon.
Thomas Bay, and was
a time after his admission to the bar his law partner in the
city of
"
He
wiis
eminently a
man
of the people, popular with

class,
all
Hudson.
He
subsequently removed to the town of
classes,
but especially so with the great middle
with
Livingston, and having married, in May, 1832, Sarah M.,
whom
he was proud to identify himself, and
to
whom
he
daughter of Rev. Herman Vedder, of Gallatin, he continued

the practice of law at the village of Johnstown for about
thirty years, first as the law partner of Killian Miller, Esq.,
claimed to belong.
composition,
all
Without
a touch of aristocracy in his
his feelings and associations and sympathies
were with the masses of the people, and he was eminently

beloved by them.
and
after
Mr.
Miller's removal to
Hudson, of John M.
No man
probably ever went to his grave
Welch, Esq., and Seymour L. Stebbins, Esq.
with fewer personal enemies.

filled
While
a resident of the town
of Livingston, he
"
He was also
a great pacificator.
His disposition and aim
many
offices
of trust.
Was
justice of the peace, superin-
were to
settle controversies
and re-establish harmony among
tendent of schools, and supervisor, and for several years was
litigants in
the courts, and those
who had
differences in
chairman of the board of supervisors of Columbia county.

In 1859 he was elected surrogate of the county, and in 1860 he removed to the city of Hudson, where he continued In 18G3 he was reto reside to the period of his death.
elected surrogate by a flattering majority in a county hostile
to
private
life.
Hence,
in his office
of surrogate, his mission

in
was a most useful and successful one, and

career of private and professional
life
his
whole
he
left
hosts of friends,
who
look back with .sentiments of grateful regard
upon his
successful efforts to harnjonizeand heal their troubles.
He
him
in politics.
He
office
discharged the delicate and import-
died such a death as such a
man should
die.
Patient, re-
ant duties of this
with great acceptance to the people

suitore in his court.
distinction,
signed, and contented, he yielded himself without a

to the decrees of his
murmur
of the county, and to
all
heavenly father.
Finding death invad-
Mr. Esselstyn was never ambitious of public
ing the citadel of
life
with slow but certain step, he reconciled
and rather declined than sought occasions

the public.
to
appear before he was well
himself
to his inevitable fate,
and making
his peace, as his
But
for a constitutional diffidence
friends have just reason to hope and believe, with his
Maker
calculated to shine as an advocate in the courts.
Mr. Esselstyn,
Judge Henry Hogeboom, on the occasion of the death of said, " I was his fellow-pupil at the Hud-
and Redeemer, he awaited the summons to depart, and when it came sank away peacefully, and without convulsions
or a groan, to his final rest."
^.J^, (q^Û^

HON. CORNELIUS
son of the late Robert
NEW
YORK.
215
H.
EVANS,
manifest those traits of mind and character which in their
W. Evans, was born in the city of Hudson, N. Y., June 22, 1841. He received the rudiments of bis education at the common schools, and was also classically instructed at the Hud.son Academy and the
private institute of Mr.
maturer development have rendered him eminent

vocate and jurist.
in
as
an ad-
His rudimentary studies were pursued the excellent public schools of his native city, and were and
followed by a good academical education, which he completed at the age of fourteen,

in
the
same
j'ear
(1823)
Dur-
Bradbury
in
Hudson.
Entering ho began reading law

in
the office of Campbell Bushnell,
his father's mercantile counting-room at the age of nineteen,
where he remained
Esq., a distinguished lawyer of the city of
Hudson.
till
his father's death, in 1868,
he had ample experience

bilities
to qualify
him
ing the period of his academic and legal studies he also

possessed, in
for the responsia.s-
of an active partnership in the firm, which he
common
with the professional
men
of
Hudson
literary
and their students, the advantages of an excellent lyccum,
sumed, the business being conducted under the firm-name

of Phipps
terest
&
Evans
till
187.3.
He
known
as the
"Hudson Forum," which combining
then purchased the

cities
in-
and
real
estate of
Mr. Phipps in the
of
New
exercises
and the discussion of a wide range of
topics, af-
forded the young

in connection
men of
that day a superior opportunity,
York and Hudson, and took into partnership with him Mr. James H. Gaul and Mr. James H. Phipps, the firm-style being C. H. Evans & Co., of which Mr. Evans has since been the active and responsible head. As a business man
his career has been remarkably successful.
with their seniors and the best talents of the
place, to develop their mental

in the art
powers and train themselves
of public speaking.
This institution was of great
He
educational advantage, and by none was more highly prized
built his
and improved than by young Gaul, whose
talents soon
be-
present fine residence on Warren street in 1870, and in
came conspicuous
in its debates.
1868 completed a block of

his father.
stores
and dwellings begun by
While pursuing
to deliver the
his legal studies he
was
invited, at the
Mr. Evans was united

Iraogene
age of eighteen, by a committee of the citizens of Hudson,

in
marriage in 1864 to Miss

has
Fourth of July oration on the occasion of the
Grant, of Hudson, N. Y., and
two sons,
Robert
W.
national celebration.
On
this occasion the Declaration of
and Cornelius H., aged respectively thirteen

years.
Independence was read by Colonel Elisha Jenkins, one of

the most accomplished gentlemen of his day, and former
and eleven
In
eral
city.
politics
he
is a
Democrat, and as such has held sev1869, mayor in 1872
secretary of state.
It
was a high compliment
to the
young
responsible positions in the municipal affairs of the
He
orator to be called out amidst such associations, in a com-
was elected alderman
in
munity abounding with able and experienced public speakers,
he was
still
fall of 1876, and For two years past he has been a member of the Democratic central committee, and for
re-elected to the mayoralty in the

office.
and shows
in
what estimate of promise
his talents
were
holds the
held by his fellow-citizens even at that early age.
Mr. Gaul continued
to
study law seven years
in the office
all
twelve years secretary and treasurer of the Hudson Aque-
of Mr. Bushnell, and was admitted to practice in

courts of the State at the January term in 1830.
the
duct Company.
On
the
in
Under
his administration of the city
government marked
water-
8th of February of the same year he opened a law-office
improvements have been made.
The new Hudson

fifty
the city of Hudson, and continued to practice with unex-
works, costing originally two hundred and

dollars,
thousand
ampled success
till
the 1st of
May, 1831.
He
had by this
have been inaugurated and completed, and the
time gained a recognition of his legal talents, and a client-
present efficient police force of the city established.
Under
hb
age rarely attained by an attorney of his age and experience.
first
administration about half of the city was supplied
The
brilliant advocate,
Elisha Williams, was his personal
with sewerage, and other public works improved and new

ones originated.
It
may
friend and adviser, than a son a
whom
no father ever extended
to
be said without exaggeration that
more
cordial
hand of encouragement and
as.sistance.
his activity and public spirit have infused
new
life
into the
improvements of the
man, but
in point
city.
He
On
the 1st of
May, 1831, Mr. Gaul entered
into a
law
the
is
comparatively a young
of character,
has
partnership with Mr. Bushnell, becoming a

firm of Bushnell
member of
of executive
ability, force
Gaul, which continued until February,
business enterprise, and honorable dealing he
made
1835, when Mr. Bushnell removing to
New
York, Mr.
reputation for himself which

fellow-citizens.
is
highly appreciated by his
Gaul purchased and succeeded

city of
to his
interest
and
to the
ownership and occupancy of his residence and
office in
the
Hudson.
in
He
has thus occupied continuously the
JOHN GAUL,
a native of the city of
JR., ESQ.
is
same
of
office in
which he was a studentat-law since 1828

office
This veteran member of the bar of Columbia county
(the year
which the
was
built),
with the exception

first
Hudson, N. Y.
He
is
German
Dutch
Miller,
of fifteen months,
when he was
in
practicing in the office
ancestry on his father's side, and on his mother's of

extraction, being the son of
opened by himself
the city.
He
facts,
has occupied with his
John Gaul and Rachel
family the residence purchased of Mr. Bushnell since the

1st of
daughter of the
late Cornelius C. S. Miller, of Clavcrack.
November, 1835.
These
unimportant, perhaps,
He
was born on the 13th day of February, 1809, and has
of themselves, are significant as showing
how permanently
ever since resided in the city of Hudson, where he has

practiced law since 1830.
Mr. Gaul has been rooted

professional career.
to the spot like the tree
where he began his
And,
whose branches are
Possessing naturally a vigorous
constitution and great

life to
shaken by the storms of many winters, he has taken deep

root in the confidence and affection oC the community.
strength and acutcncss of intellect, he began early in
216
NEW YORK.
is
In 1837, Mr. Gaul was appointed by Gpvernor William

L.
Miss Catharine Bushnell Gaul, their only daughter,

lady well
tian
Marcy surrogaie of Columbia county,

for that office
his
name
havinj;
known
in
for
her devotion to benevolent and Chrisshe
been presented
by a county convention of the
work,
which sphere
has few equals among
political party to
which he belonged.
The
office
of surro-
women
of the present day.
gate at that time was one of

at present,
much
greater responsibility than
and the appointment was an unusual compliment
to a
cessors
young man of twenty-seven years of age, whose predehad been Hon. Martin Van Buren, Judge James
I.
JOHN VAN DUSEN.

Mr. Van Dusen was a descendant of the old and
dis-
Vanderpoel, James
Van
Allen,
Abraham A. Van Buren,

ability.
tinguished American family of this name, whose ancestors
and
othei-s
of like recognized character and
Mr.
came from Holland
at a very early period in our history.
Gaul devoted
assiduity,
him.self to the duties of his office with untiring

ability
and the signal
with which he discharged
He was He was
death.
born at Claverack, on the 15th of January, 1774.

three times married, and left six children at his
them
ions,
is
shown by the
in
fact that,
during the four years of his
His
first
wife was a Miss
Fonda, his second an This

is
all
administration, but two appeals were taken from his decis-
Elting, and his third a Whitbeck.
the infor-
and
both cases they were affirmed by the chancellor.
mation we have bean able Mr. Van Dusen

lost
to obtain respecting
them.
During
this period the duties of his office as surrogate en-
his father in
early boyhood, and

for his fortune in
grossed nearly his whole attention, but at the expiration of

his official term he resumed active practice,
was thus thrown upon his own resources

life.
which he con-
tinued by himself
till
June, 1855, when he took into part-
He
firet
located at the village of Johnstown, in
the
nership Cornelius Esselstyn, Esq.,
who had graduated from
town of Livingston, Columbia county, where he became a successful and prosperous country merchant, and did a large
business for nearly forty
prises,
yeai-s.
Rutgers College, and from the law school at Albany, with

the highest honors.
Among
his other enter-
These two gentlemen, constituting one

in this section
he bought the mills now known as the Bingham
of the strongest law firms
of the State, have

mills
and carried on extensive flouring, together with a

this county,
continued to practice together ever since.

large interest in real estate.
The
practice of Mr. Gaul, both in his individual capacity
and as a member of the firms with which he has been connected, has been varied and responsible, and his experience
greater, perhaps, than that of
In 1842 he removed to Greenport,

settled
in
and
on the farm now owned and occupied by Mr. Henry

in
A. DuBois, where he died During
1854.
His improvements he was not only the

southern part of the
any of
his contemporaries.
He
is
the oldest surviving native
member of
on this place were by no means inconsiderable.

his residence in Livingston
the Columbia
county bar, William H. Tobey, Esq.,

been by a few years his senior prior
lately decea.sod,
to his death.
having
He
leading merchant for
many years
in the
is,
county, but a prominent and influential public man, being

fifteen
and has been since

bia
its
organization, president of the Colum-
or twenty ycai-s a
member
of the board of super-
County Bar Association.
In the course of his long and
visors
successful practice he has had charge of large pecuniary

interests
He
and representing Columbia county in the Legislature. was an officer in the old New York State militia, in the
founders of the Hudson River Bank, and
and various important and
trusts, the duties
connected
cavalry branch of the service, and was a superb horseman.
with which he has discharged with the most unswerving

fidelity, industry,
He was one of the

one of
its
care.
directors for
many
years.
He
was one of those

business business
His
legal information
firet
is
extensive and his abilities as a
practitioner of the
order.
as an advocate, having a fine
He is elo(iuent and effective command of fitting and approhe

is safe,
men who, without

in a small way,
capital to start with,
commence
strict
and by energy, industry, and
habits build
priate language and a thorough mastery of the subjects he
selves.
up a fortune and carve out a career for themSuch was Mr. Van Dusen a man of strict integ;
discusses,
scientious.
and
as a counselor
judicious, and conrity,
excellent judgment, and

will long
great
business
as
enterprise.
Those who knew him

identified with the best
remember him
one of the
Mr. Gaul has been intimately

interests of the city of
most worthy and

county.
influential of the old citizens of
Columbia
Hudson, and both by precept and

and
example has
religion.
cast his influence on the side of morality
Besides being president of the

city,
"Law
and Order
Association" of the
he has been
for
over thirty years
an elder of the First Presbyterian church, and has represented

it
MRS.
SALLY McKINSTRY.
Hammond,
all
in various
church judicatories.
He
was a
dele-
Mrs. Sally McKinstry, deceased, wife of the late Hon.
gate to the general assembly of the Presbyterian church in
Robert McKinstry, was the daughter of Abner
1860, and has served

blies
in a similar capacity in other to time.
assem-
a successful merchant of Hudson, N. Y., in which city she
and synods from time

married
was born
daughter of Elias Hall,
life as
in the
year 1798.
She was known nearly
her
He was
to Clarissa Hall,
a devoted patron of charity, especially in connection
Esq., a prominent citizen of Berkshire Co., Mass., on the
with the Hud.son Orphan Asylum, an institution which she

founded, and with which she was connected as chief directress
20th of May, 1834.
She
their
is
a lady of superior intelligence

eldest, Colonfel
and character.
Of
two children, the
from
its
establishment up to the time of her death.

institution was the great
will longest
Edward
class of
L. Gaul, was a graduate of Yale College, in the
Although
this
1860, served during the
late war, first in
the navy,
and that which
work of her life, commemorate her devotion to
and subsc(iuently
as colonel of the ISOtli
N. Y. V. Infantry.
the welfare of the poor and helpless
whom
she sought to
John Gaul.Jr Esq
Wm
BRrAN.
c^S3f^
Robert
jWPKfNSTf^y
HON. ROBERT MoKINSTRY.
The name
of Mr.
MoEioatry was one of the beat known among
His memory will be oberished by the early eittiens of Hudaoo. thooBands, bat most of all by those who participated in bis charities. Bom in Columbia oouoty, he oame to Hudson while a boy, and engaged aa clerk for Mr. Abner Hammond, whose daughter Sally he aêrwards married. He engaged in business for himself during the early years of bis manhood, and through a long course of actire bnainess life was distinguished for his sterling integrity of oharaoter. During all those years of incessant application to businesd, Mr. MoEinstry occupied the official positions of mayor of the city of Hudson, treasurer of Columbia county, and member of Assembly. For a number of years he was director and rioe*president of the Farmers' National Bank, and by his sound financial advice added These varied pablio duties to its sQOoess as a banking institution. were performed with that assiduity for which he was so justly
distinguished.
Mr. MoKinstry was a gentleman of the old school, plain and unostentatious in his dress and deportment, exact tf> a nicety in his business habits and transactions. He acquired the confidence of all with whom he came in contact, hating everything like hypocrisy or pretension. He would sometimes express his aversion with deserving severity when such qualities oame in collision with him, yet he was He was emphatically an habitually genial, and at times humorous. industrious man, never idling away his time in foolish or vain purWhen mayor of the city, many years ago, he suits or conversation. conld sometimes be seen with hia hoe in hie hand superintending the repairing of the streets. Whatever he had to do he did with bis might, and did well. He held various other offices in the city and county, and in all of tbem conducted the business intrusted to his care with exactness and with entire satisfaction to tbe community. Previous to his deatb he had been an office-bearer in the Universalist church of Hudson since 1817. We make tbe following extraot from the sermon preached on tbe occasion of his funeral by Rev. Charles W. Tomlinson, pastor of tbe church of which he was a member: " For threescore years his face baa been familiar in your streets; for half a century be baa made part of the business life of your oity he has held offices of trust; he has been beset by all the temptations peculiar to business and public men, before which ao many are swept away, as streams before the wind yet has he stood firm in his integrity, BO abstaining from all appearance of evil that no taint of suspicion ever for a moment rested upon the purity of his life. " He oame to this city a lad with no worldly means, entering a general merchant store as clerk; and he so commended himself by
;
hand of his employer's union which was cemented on, and occasions of hospitality and charity gave tbem opportunity to leam more perfectly the kindredness of their spirits. " ' He may govern others who first governs himself.' That adage has been well excmpUfiud in the life of our departed fHend. Himself of unimpeachable integrity, the young men who from time to time were placed under his training as clerks have generally themselves risen to the most honored rank among the business men of the city. By their lives, as by their lips, they rise up now to oall him blessed. "His habits of industry, early formed, never deserted him; and even the past summer, with all his weight of years, fonnd him usefully and often charitably laboring in morning hours when others were yet wrapped in sleep. The competence which his attention to business had won for him never tempted him to shirk the just law, 'if any will not work, neither shall he eat.' To young men his whole in encouragement life speaks in rebuke of idle and profligate habits, . of honest labor and faithful employment of time. "In hospitality, in kindness to the poor, in self-forgetfulness when he conld serve others, in deeds of mercy, in service to every cause of right and humanity, our now departed father ' fought a good fight.' The helpless found in him a helper, the friendless a friend, the orphan While his companion lived he cheerfully seconded her a parent. untiring zeal for the poor, their house being the resort of all who were in any distress, and in the now more than eight years since her departure, it has been bis evident pleasure to carry out whatever plana of beneficence they had jointly devised. Here with us to-day are the orphan recipients of that charity which they unitedly founded, and which under his fostering care, since her departure, has grown up to be such an hooor to tbe city. " At the earliest meetings of this Universalist Society, the records show that he served as clerk, and wsi^ placed on various committees. In 1818 his name appears in place of one of the retiring trustees, and from that time until hia death there was but a single year that . he was not an active member of tbe board. " When this church edifice was in course of construction, though he was then ao feeble in body as ofttimes to need special attentions on reaching his home, he exercised personal supervision of the entire work." Though having reached the ripe old age of seventy-six, he retained his mental vigor to the ladt He departed this life on the 28th of
his probity
and industry as
to receive the
daughter at the altar of marriage,
more
olosely in heart as the years
moved
October, 1870.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

benefit, yet she
NEW
YORK.
217
was from
much
earlier period
eminently
her endeavors until her efforts were crowned with success,
devoted to charity, and was constantly meditating or carrying out some scheme of active benevolence by which she
ameliorate the condition of the needy and
and the asylum was erected and

provided
for.
its
permanent continuance
endeavored
to
In
all
this
she had been the head and manager of the

fairly established
suffering around her.
She was prompted

to
to this
by the
time
enterprise,
and when the asylum was
she
natural benevolence of her character, as well as from the

fact that she
became by general consent the chief

stitution, an office
directress of the in-
had no children of her own
occupy
lier
which she held, and the duties of which
and attention.
Her thoughts
naturally turned to the poor

streets
she discharged, with singular capacity and devotion during

the rest of her
life.
and neglected children on the

of the
city,
and
in the
by-ways
and, to systematize her methods for benefiting
She had great

ability,
foresight,
perseverance,
and executive
this class, she conceived the idea of an
orphan and
relief
and these
qualities, united with the earnest benevo-
asylum.
lence of her nature and her

it
power
to enlist the
sympathies
No
sooner had the idea taken shape in her mind than
of others in her work,

difficult
made her
"
as eminently fitted for the
absorbed and controlled her entire energies, becoming her
and responsible duties of her station as any
one paramount idea and ruling passion

completed.
till
the work was

to estab-
of her age.
The name of
She had not the means of her own
she was popularly called
woman Aunt Sally McKinstry," as by those who met or saw her every-
#7// #7
4,
Jilts.
SALLY M'KINSTRY.
where, as a sort of ubiquitous presence or incarnation of the
spirit
lish
such an institution, but she possessed
in a
remarkable
degree the power of earnestness and persuasion by which
of charity, as she went about the city seeking out the

relief, will
she could enlist the co-operation of wealthy and influential

parties,
poor and needy, and soliciting means for their
and thus secure the success of her undertaking.

foresight
long be remembered as a household word by the citizens of
With a
and
sag-acity superior
to
most women
Hudson
and by how many who have gone out from the

benefited
of her day, and with a perseverance which insured success
institution
by her
labors of love will it be re!
where others would have

her cherished
object.
failed,
she went to work to realize
peated with reverence and affection
Securing rooms, she gathered a
Mrs. McKinstry died very suddenly, on Sunday morning,
personally for some time.
number of poor children and took care of them herself She then secured the co-operation of her father, Mr. Hammond, who gave a suitable site for an asylum building. She solicited men of means to aid
in the enterprise
office
;
June 22, 1802,
at the
age of sixty-four
yeai-s.
We
copy
the following obituary from the

or two subsequent to that date:
" Mrs.
Uiuhon
Register of a day
McKinstry probably enjoyed a
larger
circle
of
she canvassed from house to house, from

the city
;
friends and acquaintances than any other lady in the county.
to
office, in
she sought out information,
The wide range

activity in
of her benevolence, the avidity with which

in
wrote
articles
on the subject, brought reports before public

in
she sought out the needy
every walk of
life,
and her
a
meetings and committees;
short, she never faltered in
every good cause, rendered her
name almost
21S

is
NEW YORK.
as partner
household word throughout the county, and wide

circle
the
son,
and afterwards admitted
with him his only
"
to
who mourn her loss. None were too poor to
brother, Isaac N. Collier, the present surrogate of

receive her care,
Columbia
none
who
too high
county, under the firm-name of C. P.
&
I.
N. Collier, and
do her hoiuage.
"
well be spared
has continued in practice here ever since.
Such generous spirits cannot But she has gone selfish world.
ward.
late
from a
Mr.
Collier
is
well read in his profession,
and has had a
to receive her great re-
large experience in practice, which
may be
regarded as more
is
We
trust there are
many
loft
behind
will
emu-
than ordinarily successful.

cellent,
The
city
business of the firm
ex-
her noble example."
embracing the patronage of some of the leading and a large and respectable
monetary institutions of the

general clientage.
He
is
a director in the National
Hudson Hudson
CASPER
P.
COLLIER, ESQ."
River Bunk, and
in several other
important corporations,
Mr. Collier is a native of Coxsackie, Greene Co., N. Y., His where he was born on the 21st of November, 1820.
ancestors
in
and has been
for several years past a trustee of the
Orphan Asylum.
ticket for
He was
nominated on the Democratic

in
came from Holland, and
settled at
an early time
member of Congress
1872, but was defeated
that part of Greene county.
His grandfather, Major
by Mr. Ketchuni, the present member, the Republican

majority being large in the
di-^trict.
Collier,
married a Miss Bronk, whose father was a wealthy
CASPEK
landholder in that neighborhood.
P.
COLLIER, ESQ.
Philip Collier, his father,
Mr. Collier was united
in
marriage to Miss Mary
Du
was born on the

lenbeck, by
estate in 1795,
and married Christina HalCasper wa.s the oldest.
Bois, only daughter of Coort
Du
Bois, Esq., of
Columbia
whom
he had a family of nine children, seven
county,
daughters and two sons, of
whom
He
was educated
at
at the
academies of Coxsackie and Kinder-
1848, and has three children, two having died in Mr. and Mre. Collier are members of the First Presbyterian church of Hudson, and eminently worthy the
in
infancy.
hook and
law in
Union College; and entered upon the study of the office of John Gaul, Jr., Esq., at Hudson, N. Y.,
1840.
social respect
and confidence universally accorded them.
in the fall of
office
He
completed
his
law studies in the of
In 1875, Mr. Collier was brought forward as one of the pronunent candidates for appointment by Gov. Tilden to
fill
of Messrs. Bushnell
to the
&
Bliss, in the city
New
York,
the vacancy in the bench of the

election of
Supreme Court, caused
and was admitted

at law
bar as an attorney and counselor
by the
Judge
Miller to the court of appeals.
and
solicitor in
chancery in January, 1845.

office
The
The Albany
son, R.
Kveiiiiig
Fust said, "

still
The prominent candi-
same year he opened a law Hon. Henry Hogeboom,

lished his office where he
in
the city of Hudson,
dates for the position are
Casper P. Collier, of Hud-
and three years thereafter entered into co-partnei-ship with

late justice
till
W. Pockham,
;
of Albany, and Counselor Holmes, of
of the Supreme Court,
Schoharie county
all
good men,
all
men
of character, exoffice.
continuing in practice with him

is
1854.
He
then estab-
perience, and ability,

as
tit
for this or
any other
But,
now
located, in the city of
Hud-
we have
said before, location, and not individual prefer-

encc, should dispose of this whole question.
fairly entitled to
NEW
YORK.
He
219
a Supreme Court judge.

P. Collier.
Hudson is Hudson presents

all
of Albany and Schoharie counties.

first
would be their
Daili/ Times
choice were
it
not for the fact that Albany and Scho-
the
name of Casper
He
is
indorsed by
the
harie have candidates of their own."
The Troy
leading lawyers in that city, and two-thirds of the leading
spoke also
in
terms equally commendatory of Mr. Collier's
lawyers of Columbia, Rensselaer, Greene, and Ulster counties.
appointment, but other considerations prevailed in the counsels
He
is
the second choice of
all
the leading lawyers
of the governor.
HISTORY
OF THE
TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.
KINDERHOOK.
KiNDERliooK
is
one of the oldest and most important

It is the
limited portion
is
yet covered with that timber.
Along
towns of the county.
second from the
river,
the creeks and farther to the east the timber growths were
lighter,
of the northern towns bordering on the Rensselaer county

line,
from Stuyvesant on the west

its
to
Chatham on
the east.
occasional clusters of pine.
and consisted of the common deciduous trees, with The soil varies from a reddish
thus adapted to a variety of products, and
fertile.
On
south
is
the town of Ghent.
Originally, Kiuder-
sand to a heavy clay, intermingled with loam or a gravelly

clay.
hook embraced the whole of Stuyvesant and parts of Chat-
It
is
ham and Ghent,

area.
giving
it
more than double
its
present
under careful cultivation proves generally

a staple product, and the
rich returns.
Grass
is
It
now comprises twenty thousand

almost double
its
eight hundred
common
varieties of fruit yield

its
acres, lying
very nearly in the form of a rectangle, whose

width, and extends from north
The town
has an excellent reputation for
length
is
agricultural resources,
and contains many highly-improved

the principal stream of the town.
to south
about eight miles.

signifies
is
farms.
Kinderhook
locality
in
the Dutch tongue " the
chil-
Kinderhook creek
It enters
is
dren's corner," and
supposed to have been applied to this

in
from the
east,
and
after taking the waters of the
by Hendrick Hudson,
children
1609, on account of the

of the
many Indian
the stream.
who had assembled on one
Kline Kill, which forms the southeastern boundary of the town, flows northwest to its confluence with Valatie Kill,
bluffs along the river to see his strange vessel sailing
up
and then has

vesant.
a southwesterly course into the
town of Stuyfrom
Another version says that a Swede named

trail in
No
water-power
is
afforded
in
the town
Scherb, living in the forks of an Indian
the present
chil-
Valatie southwest, but east of that point the creek forces

itself
town of Stuyvesant, had such a numerous family of

traders to designate that locality.
through deep channels and has several

Valatie Kill
falls,
which
dren that the name of Kinderhook was used by the Dutch
have been well improved.
flows
from the
Whichever account be
northeast through Kinderhook lake, having in the latter

part of
its
accepted the
name was
appropriately selected, for the chil-
course several rapid descents, constituting
it
dren of Kinderhook
filled
up not only
its
own bounds, but

In
valuable mill stream.

early day.
This power was improved
at a very
early occupied the adjoining territory.
The
surface of the town
is
pleasantly diversified.
Kinderhook
Flowing from the eastern part of the town into creek, near the village of the same name, is a
its
the eastern part are moderate spurs of the Peterborough
small stream, which has a limited power at
western end.
into the
mountains, but whose composition permits the greater portion to be cultivated.

called
From
The
the northwest several small brooks drain
Along the creek
are alluvial
flats,
;
Hudson.
The town has

is
several lakes in the northern part.

line,
mcadoFR by the early settlers, of wonderful fertility and westward towards the Hudson the country partakes of
the nature of an elevated champaign, whoso general level
is
largest of these
on the Chatham
being partly
in that
town, and was formerly known as Fish lake.
The
occasionally interrupted
by pleasant undulations.
forests,
In
this part of the
town were extensive pine
and a
deemed more appropriate, although, as in former days, its waters still abound It is very irregular in shape and about three with fish.
present
name
Kinderhook lake
is
HISTOKY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY,

miles in
NEW
YORK.
Culver,
circumference.
numerous springs, the waters are

from
five to forty feet in
Being fed by Valatie Kill and cool and clear, and are
depth.
It
is
Wheeler,
Mathew
I.
Laurence
Sharp,
Cornelius
Sluyter, Peter Jochim, Hendrick

Peters, Peter
a beautiful sheet,
Van Valkenburgh, John Vosburgh, Casper Rowe, Klaas Van De

Hogeboom,
Lucas
Witbeck,
Nicholas
and
attracts
fine
many
visitors
during the .summer

its
months.
Karr,
Kittle,
Johannes
The
growths of timber on
shores, alternated
by
John Bukman, Arent Van Dyck, Isaac Van Deusen,

Bower, Killian
Muller,
gentle, treeless slopes to the water's edge, or abrupt

like banks,
and
clifF-
Robert Decker, Peter

Ness, and
Andrew
and several handsome islands which
it
contains,
Van Der Bergh, William

John Gardenier
old
Clark, Isaac Staats,

as being citizens of
in
John Van
On a conlend additional charms to the pleasure-seeker. spicuous promontory in the southern part of the lake a fine
hotel has been erected for the
this locality.
Kinderhook.
A
falls
;
map of
Samuel
Kinderhook, made
:
1763, shows the
accommodation of
is
visitors to
is
following improvements
Isaac Staats, living at Chittend's
West from
this
Round
lak.
This
so
also
body of water, but being of small size is not esteemed as the former. These streams and the
a fine
much
vales of
the town promote good drainage.
mouth of Stockport creek, in now occupied by Joseph Wild J. Van Hoesen, Martin Van Alstyne, west of and near Stuyvesant falls northwest of Stuyvesant falls, in what is yet known as the
Staats, at the
the house
LAND TITLES AND GRANTS.

One
of the
first
Van Van
as
Alstyne neighborhood
Alstyne's
;
Martin Hoes, northwest from

still
Francis
Clow,
farther west towards

;
owners of Kinderhook
w.is a chief
soil,
we
are in-
Kinderhook, now Stuyvesant Landing

on the
flats
Isaac
Van
Alstyne,
;
formed by the records,

Indians,
of the Mohicaii tribe of

the possessor of a tract
village site of
on Kinderhook creek, opposite Linden wald John
named Emikee, who was

of,
Burgaart, near
Van
Alstyne's,
the farm
is
now owned by
of land north hook.
and including the

in
Kinder-
Van Alen
in the
Francis Pruyn, south of the village corporation,
This tract was named
the Flodder and Baker
and including the Kennedy place; Cornelius Van Schaack,

neighborhood of the present Reformed church.
village contained at
this
patent, as being the south

proprietors.
boundary of the lands of those
The
time
fifteen
houses, scat-
The Flodder and Baker patent was covered by the grant made afterwards to Jan Hendrik De Bruyn, and a great amount of litigation was the result. The interests of De Bruyn in this and later patents were sold to Laurence Van Alen in 1707, and by him divided among his children. After much litigation among the claimants under the two patents, the matter w;is made the subject of legislative action June 8, 1812, and a committee, consisting of John Radcliff, David B. Ogden, and Thomas Rudd, were appointed to adjust the claims.
tered along the creek ridge.
North of the
;
flats,
on the old
Carpenter
place,
lived
Lucas Hoes
John Hoes, near

near Rathsite of C.
Wild's mill; Robert
Van Deusen, somewhere

;
bone's wadding-factory
Samuel Wheeler, on the

Wheeler
Wild's residence
William Clow, Derick Hoes, and Burger

;
Huyck Huyck
Huyck.
in
Valatie, east of
Andries and John

just
lived
farther
still
up the
Kinderhook;
above
Valatie, and
farther east, was the
home of Richard
in
Following up Kinderhook
creek,
Chatham,
was the house occupied by Stephen

burgh's house, and
the
The Kinderhook
old Kinderhook.
patent,
and the Powell, Wessels, Gerrit

grants were also located in
home
of
Van Alen, Peter VosAbraham Van Alstyne.
Teunissen, and Burger
Huyck
Tobias
Van
Slyck lived at the junction of the Kline Kill
with the Kinderhook,. and northward was the home of

all
The
county.
usual small quit-rents are attached to
of these
Peter
Van
Slyck.
Jacob, Aaron, and Derick Gardenier

Kill, in
;
patents,
which are noticed
in
the general history of the
were along the Kline
what
is
now known
as the
in
Gardenicr neighborhood
and along the same stream,
what
is
now Ghent,
later
lived Derick
Vosburgh, Barent Van
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
It is probable that
Buren, and Jacob Mesick.
the allottees under the Kinderhook

settlers
At a
period the
names of John Leggett, Arent

Roelofi"
patent were also the
first
of the territory which

as early as
it
Meddaugh, Peter Snyder,

Spoor,
Ganz, Isaac De Lameter,
covered, and that they
may have come
1650.
Jonas Bronk, Christoffel Miller, Andrew Garner, Johannes
They were emigrants from Holland and Sweden, and came provided with all the means necessary to make themselves
good homes, having building material,
implements
In
cattle,
and farming
to cultivate the virgin soil of this fertile country.
John J. Van Ness, Abraham Van VIeck, Daniel Weidman, Aaron Ostrander, Hendrick Shevor, Sylvester Bayley, Jacob Legget, Peter Ham, John Reynolds, Johannes Pruyn, Johannes Laut, and Johannes Moet appear
upon the church records
as
1687, among others, Jan Hendrik

Teunissen, Lawrence
Schuyler, Gerrit
De Bruyn, Peter Van Alen, Isaac
prominent
it
citizens
of
what
was then Kinderhook, although

of the foregoing, and those
is
probable that a few

the
list
Vosburgh, Jacob Vosburgh, Andries Gardner, Hendrick

Coonrad,
named
in
following,
Adam Dingman, Lambert
Jansen, Frans Pietcr-
may have
resided in Claverack.
In 1784, John Mesick,
son, Peter
Vosburgh, Albert Gardenicr, and Jan Jacobson

In
Gardenier were reported as freeholders.
many
instances
Mathew Pruyn, Jacob Sprugstein, Miller, Cornelius Thomas Son, Peter Wynkoop, Philip Diedrick, Nicholas
descendants of these yet remain in town.
Holsapple, Jacobus Sickles, Zachariah Sickles, Isaac

Ness,
The
records of the
Dutch church,
in
1729, contain be-
Van
sides the foregoing the additional

poel, Cornelius
names of Adelbert Vander-
Flagelar,
John Schenkel, Peter L. Van Alen, Barton John Conklin, Daniel Ludlow, and Joseph T.
as living in the territory tributary to the
little later,
'Schermerhorn, Tobias Van Buren, Barent Van Buren, Gilbert Sharp, iMartin Van Buren, Cornelius Van Schaack, Abram Staats, Jochuni Collier, Edward
Green are noted

old church.
In the same connection, a
appear
the names of Walter Carpenter, Johannes Hover, Daniel
Plioto.
by F. Forahew, Hudaon.
JOHN THOMPSON WENDOVER.

Mr. Wendover was born
in
the city of
New
York,
in
the year 1800. He was a son of Stephen Wendover, a wholesale grocer of that city, first with Robert and Peter Bruce, and afterwards a member of the firm of Wendover & Hopkins, which was dissolved about the year 1801, and
Mr. Wendover removed to Stockport, Columbia Co., N. Y., where he purchased a tract of some six or seven hundred recommendation of Peter Van Schaack, of Kinderhook. He remained in Stockport until the spring of 1812, when he removed to the village of Kinderhook, and became a member of the firm of Whiting, Clark & Co. In 1813 this partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Wendover removed to Stuyvesant Landing, having taken the property which belonged to the above-named firm in the division between the partners. Owing to the illness of the senior Mr. Wendover, John T., his son, was recalled from school and placed in the business, in which he remained till the year 1855, when he nominally retired, having transferred the business to his sons, Stephen H. and Isaac H. Wendover. Mr. M. S. Hutton, of 47 Ea.st Ninth St., New York, writes the following communication concerning Mr. Stephen Wendover and his brother-in-law, Mr. Christopher Hutton:
acres of land, on the
smalt, low, steep-roofed brick house, consisting of .a single story and an attic, situated on the banks of the Hudson, then called Kinderhook Landing, now Stuyvesant, lived three remarkable men, whoso names ought to be recorded in any history of Columbia county. The house stood ilirectly on the very line of the river road; had a long stoop, which might also have been called a piazza, running almost the whole length of the front, the entrance to which was on one side. A real old-fashioned Dutch building it was. One of the tire-places was adorned with the 'Scriptural Dutch tiles.' But its most interesting feature was, that in the attic was a room which, instead of being lathed and plastered, was tinished throughout, both walls and ceiling, with cherry wood, and hence always called tho cherry chamber.' But this was not its chief attraction: it was rendered famous from the fact that General Washington once occupied it as a sleeping room. This tradition endeared it particularly to one of the dwellers, .Mr. Christopher Hutton, who had been an esteemed officer in the Revolutionary war, and a warm admirer and personal friend of the great general. " Mr. Stephen Wendover, who was the owner of the house, and the head of the family, had married Mr. Hutton's youngest and favorite sister. .Mr. Hutton himself was never married, and when he retired from business in Troy, selected this sister's house .as his home. The intercourse between the brother and sislcr was almost unearthly in its heautv, and continued until his ileath. He was born in the city of New York, April 20, 17.'.6, and die.l Feb. 15. ISJ:!, in his eightyeighth year. .\t the early age of twenty he became connected with the 2d N. Y. Regt. was in the regular Continental line, and in nearly
ft
;
the principal actions of the war. He served under Colonels Willet, Schuyler, Lamb, and Clinton. While at Fort Schuyler he was one of those who volunteered to pass through the enemy's lines and go to Albany for relief, which duty he successfully performed. Washington strongly solicited him to constitute one of his staff. His assigned reason for refusal indicated his modesty and straightforward honesty, for both of which qualities he was remarkable. His answer
all
was
not
his
emphatic
'
No
know my duty where
am
perhaps
I will
fill e.xpcctation in so exalted a situation.' He remained in the array until the close of the war, and was present at the surrender of Cornwallis at Y''orktown. He was also one of the original members of the Society of the Cincinnati. He was in person tail and portly his step measured, dignified, and military. ^Vhile residing in Troy he was elected a member of the Legislature; but after two or three weeks' attendance on its sessions he resigned his position mainly, I believe, because he could not make his integrity and straightforward honesty consistent with party claims. He was truly one of nature's noblest men one of the truest patriots that our country ever possessed. His brother-in-law, Mr. .Stephen Wendover, with whom the Latter portion of his life was passed, was also in his way a very remarkable man, one of great energy, sound mind, warm heart, and impulsive passions. Toueh his heart, and it was not difficult to do so, and the whole man body, soul, and estate was yours; generous, perhaps, even to a fault. Such a man, it will at once be perceived, must nave warm friends and bitter enemies. This was the case with Mr. Wendover; but he was respected and trusted even by his most
; ; ;
bitter opponents.
" In
" He was among the first and most active of the men to whom Stuyis indebted for its commercial history and growth. He was one of the largest and most popular forwarders of produce in that region. He owned a large sloop, and, after steam was introduced, a large propeller, which weekly carried to the city of New Y'ork the agricultural productions of the country for miles around. On sailing day the store and dock appeared like a town meeting; almost every available place in the neighborhood was thronged'; .and on such days neither himself nor his sons, who were enlisted with him, had time to attend to their ordinary meats. In this important work he was ably assisted by his sons, especially by his eldest son, John Thompson Wendover, whom the father had trained to the work-from his youth, and whom he early placed in partnership with himself. " This son, to many of'the noble and business qualifications of the father, added some very important elements; calm, cool, judicious, he met the impulsive nature of his father with a judgment seldom at fault: and when, as w;is the case, disease confined the father to the house, an intense sulfcrer from inH;tmraatory rheumatism, he could with the utmost confidence leave evervthing in the hands and .\ir. Thompson Wendover to the judgment of his most reliable son. was among the most enterprising and public-spirited men of the day and for its commercial, moral, and religious character, Stuyvesant is perhaps more indebted to him than to any other individual man. "It is seldom that men of his stamp and energy are content to fill the small field of a place such as Stuvvcsant was when it was simidv called Kinderhook L.anding. But his remaining there was Three such a blessing and an honor to the place and lo the county. men as Christopher Hutton, Stephen Wendover, and John Thompson Wendover few counties in our State can claim."
vesant

Paddock, Michael Shufelt, Samuel Buskirk, John Pruyn,
Nicholas
Miller,
NEW YORK.
2:21
nence, were visitors at the mansion.
In 1814, Dr. John P.
John
Salsbcrg,
Adam
Hoffman, Peter
Beekman purchased
good
it
of the estate of John Rogers, and

It
is
Snyder, Jr., Isaac Labayh, John Devoe, Peter Pulver, John Holland, and John Bogardus. Owing to its proximity to the river, and the favorable
conditions afforded by
it
renovated the house, adding the two wings.

state of preservation,
yet in a
and
is
now used
as a
summer
city.
residence
by Aaron J. Vanderpoel, of
New York
for the sale
of farm products, the
" Until a few years ago, there
was a house
in
in the village to
settlements of Kinderhook were denser at an early day
which Benedict Arnold was carried

from Saratoga
to
1777, on his way

posts of
than in some of the other towns.
This proportion has not
Connecticut.
been maintained to the present day.
The
population in
ninety-six,
1875 was three thousand nine hundred and

twelve less than in 1865.
PIONEER MILLS.
litter on down to which the then wounded patriot was borne." Near Lindenwald, which was the old Van Ness mansion, is yet standing the old Van Alen house, now nearly two hundred years old. Here was born the gifted Peter L. Van Alen, who
the doorway was cut
One of the side make room for the
As
near as can be determined, the

in
first
mill in the county
was
killed in a duel
by
Wm.
was erected
old
Kinderhook.
little
Frans Peiters Clavers
tary of the treasury under President Monroe.
H. Crawford, afterwards secreThe house

is
had a saw-mill on the
stream, two miles north from
now occupied by General Chrysler

built in in
said to have been
Stuyvesant Landing, as early as 1665.
Here, doubtless,
settlers,
th"?
1717; and a tenant-house

In the old town,
in
in the village
is
was built
was sawn the lumber used by the early

this
and from
1766.
circumstance the stream was known as
Saw
Kill
a house long owned by the

tained a
now Stuyvesant, was Wendover family, which conwhat

in
long afler Frans Peiters had passed away.

grist
There were
in
chamber
all
finished with cherry wood.
and saw-mills
at Valatie in
1697
and
1763 the
occasion. General
to
Washington,
passing from
On one New York
saw-mill at this point was

grist-mill
by Derick Hoes.
owned by Hans Hoes, and the The power on Valatie creek
Albany, lodged at this house, and occupied the " cherry
chamber," which was long preserved on account of this

association.
was
also
improved as early as 1712.
The house
itself
was a low but comfortable

old
structure,
and had a spacious mantel, constructed of ''Scrip-
AN OLD-TIME TAVERN,
and the
first
tural tiles," after the
manner of the
Holland houses.
of which
we have any
account, was kept by a
This and many other" historic houses of old Kinderhook have been demolished, and even the recollection of them
is
man named Quackenboss,

from Kinderhook
village.
on the post^road, four miles north

Besides having been credited as
it
vague and contradictory. CIVIL ORGANIZATION.

It
is
one of the best inns from Albany southward,

divide the Kinderhook patent
became
said that
celebrated as the place where the commission appointed to
among
its
grantees sat, from

is
Kinderhook had a good system of domestic

its
Aug.
10, 1762, on sixty-eight days.
It
said that the
government several years before

trict,
formation into a disfirst district
surveyor of the party, Volkert Douw, was fond of the good

things of
life,
March
22, 1772.
This was the
formed
and besides doing
ju.stice to
the host's larder
in
the present county of Columbia, antedating the other
had a
special fondness
for his liquor.
His
bill
for this
districts
two days.
first
It
was organized
as a
town March
7,
luxury amounted to thirty-one pounds, one
shilling,
and
1788.
The
records were kept in Holland Dutch.

to
This
de-
sixpence, which was generously paid by the commission.
book and the records extending

stroyed.
1797 have been
The
entire expenses of the
body amounted
to nine
hundred
Those from 1844
to
1872
are also missing, necesthis
and six pounds, seven

land,
at
shillings,
and threepence, and was
sitating, consequently, a brevity
and incompleteness of
paid by selling seventeen hundred and twenty-one acres of
part of the history of the town.
Nothing can be learned

legislation.
list
Quackenboss' tavern, to Robert Livingston, he
concerning the early roads, schools, and town

Fortunately,
being the only bidder.
Numerous other
hostelries
were
we have been
officers
able to compile a
of the
along the post-road, but beyond the bare knowledge of

their existence, no other account has been preserved.
names of the principal

have been as follows
:
from 1787
to
1878.
These
THE OLD HOUSES OF KINDERHOOK

are appropriately noted in this connection.
hotels, they
SuporviBora.
Although not
have become widely known for their generous
hospitality.
One of
the best
known
It
for those
is
popularly termed
in
the " Centennial Mansion."
was erected
1774, by
17S7 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794

179.0
David Van Schaack, and was
days a magnificent
dwelling, substantially constructed, and elegantly finished.
In 1785, Peter Van Schaack made this house his home,
and entertained many distinguished persons.

1777,. General
In October,
179C 1797 179S 1799 1800

1801
Cornelius Van Schaack. Kvert Vosburgh. " ' " " " ' " " " " " " Dirck Gilrdt-nicr. ' "
"
Town Clerks. Abraliam Van Burcn.

"
" " "
"
"
James
" " "
I.
Vnn
" "
.Alen.
Abrain
" '
I.
Van
"
"
" " " "
Vlcck. " "
Burgoyne passed through Kinderhook, as a prisoner of war, and was entertained at the mansion. Later,
Aaron Burr was a guest; and in Martin Van Buren's time Henry Clay, Washington Irving, Thomas H. Benton, Silas
Wright,
Wm.
H. Marcy, and many others of equal promi-
1802 1803 1804 1803 1806 1807 1808
John Van Alen.

" " "
'
" " "

"
" "
Elihu Gridley. John A. Van Buren. Elihu GriJky. Francis Pruyn. " "
Barent
"
I.
Goes, Jr. " "

Town Clerks. BeDJamin Uilton. John L. Van Alen,
Jr.
NEW
YORK.
1809 1810
ISll 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823
Abraham Von Vleck.
Henry
'
L. A'an Dyck.
*'ohn
L.
Van
Alen.
"
"
'
"
" " "
P.
"
"
John
" " " "
Beekman.
Samuel Hawley.
1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830

1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 183S 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853
" " Peter H. Bain.
Andrew Van Dyck. Samuel Hawley.

David Van Schaack. J. I. Pruyn. Bnrcnt Hoes.
" " " " " " " " "
"
Lucas Hoes.
Henry Flaelcr. James SutDcrland,

Augustus Whiting.
Jr.
Laurence Van Buren.
John Trimper.
John Vanderpoel.
" Peter
I.
John H. Corning. Leonard B. Flagela

Peter Huyck.
Hoes.
Lucas Hoes. Laurence Van Buren.

"
J.
W.
Stickles.
Henry M. Niver. Henry Hoysradt.

Benajah Conant. Laurence Van Buren.
"
John R. Beale.
Jacob P. Miller.
John W.
Stickler.
Aaron Huyck.
Laurence Vno Buren. Benajah Conant.
Edwin
Hoes..
1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878
Howland Van Edwin Hoes.
Slyck.
Henry M. Niver. Henry Snyder.

.\bram
I.
George Hoxsie.
Van
Alen.
James
"
C.
Vosburgh.
James Miller. W. I. Merwin. John A. Van Bramer

Geo. W. Hoxsie. Peter U. Niver.
Henry Dennis.
'
Allen Jacobia.
A. V. D. Whitbeck.
James
"
Miller.
"
J.
Wm.
Penoyer.
Walter Miller.
John A. Van Bramer.

Charles
W.
Trimper.
A.
De Meyer.
" "
"
Wilson Miller. George Reynolds. W. S. Hallenbeck.
Michael
Rantom Gardenier.
John Snyder.
Calvin Ackley. Charles W. Trimper.
W.
Lant.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE APPOINTED BY THE
GOVERNOR.
1786-89-92. Peter
Van
Ness.

Sheriff.
NEW
YORK.
223
County Clerk.
Count!/
Barent Vanderpoel. Abraham B. Vanderpoel. Poor. Henry Superintendents of

the
the east to the landing, Kinderhook was in early times one
of the most important business places

P. Mesick,
in the county.
it
But
the railroads have diverted

enjoyed, and
a large
it is
the trade which
formerly
William R. Mesick, Cyrus Groat, Sylvester Becker, Nor-
now known
chiefly as being the
home of
man Van Bramer, Ephruim Kendall. The citizens of this town who have
too numeroiis to be mentioned here.
and respectable
culture
class of people
whose means have
held minor offices are
permitted them to retire to this place to enjoy the refine-
ment and
creek.
which
nally built in a straggling
KINDKttnOOK CEJIETERIES.
In the early settlement of the town
In 17B3
it
affords. The village was origimanner along the ridge near the contained fifteen iiouses and a Dutch
it
many
private burial-
Reformed church.
The
families then living in the place
grounds were formed, and some were not wisely located

with reference to future
use,
bore the names yet so well

citizens of the village.
lota,
many becoming
neglected.
in-
In the village of Kinderhook was formerly a place of
where, after the
known and honored among the They were the owners of spacious manner of their ancestors, they dwelt
This custom yet
prevails, giving the
terment near where the centre of business now
is.
This
part
in quiet
contentment.
was removed
of the village
to a in
more favorable place

the
in the western
village for its population
(about twelve hundred souls) a

have, within the
pa.st
summer of 1817.
Two
is
acres of well-
very large area.
The
streets
sixty
drained ground were secured and placed in charge of the

consistory of the
trolling
years, been laid out with

larity,
more breadth and greater regutrees.
Reformed church, which

In
to
yet the con-
and are usually planted with
The grounds of
not ex-
body of the cemetery.
1844, and at subsethe grounds, until

It
is
the private residences are also liberally ornamented with

trees
quent periods, additions were made

the cemetery
and shrubbery.
The houses themselves do
now
possesses fair proportions.
pretty
hibit
much
architectural display, but are remarkable rather
monuments and vaults, who repose in this Here are the quiet spot, attracts considerable attention. sepultures of Martin Van Buren, who died July 24, 1862,
well improved, contains
some
fine
for their solid
and comfortable appearance.

to give
These features
and, on account of the illustrious dead
have combined
Kinderhook a place among the many

manufacturing
in-
handsome
villages of the State.

its
The
terests,
place has never been noted for
and of many members of his

noted
familj',
and the graves of the

Silvester,
owing probably
to the absence of water-power.
Aside
Peter
Van
Schaack, Francis
Dr.
John
from the common mechanical pursuits and the manufacture

of hats, one of the
first
Vanderpoel, the Rev. Peter S. Wynkoop, and others of

equal eminence.
notable interests was the carriageIt
factory belonging to General Whiting.

is
occupied a large
The
Valatio cemetery
north of that village, on the
frame building north of the Reformed church.
Many
road to Niverville.
It is a plain
though attractive spot,
coaches were built for the southern States, and an active

business was done.
containing several acres of well-drained ground.

latie
The Va-
Subsequently a portion of the build-
cemetery association was formed Sept. 3, 18.)1, with
ing was used as a steam grist-mill, and a saw-mill was operated by the same power, on the
lot
eighteen members,
who chose as trustees Reuben Dedinck, James Miller, Simon J. Milham, Michael J. Niver, Peter Kingman, and Peter Hoes. Their successors have since
controlled the above cemetery.
adjoining.
After these
had been discontinued, Eugene Hover here established a hoop-skirt and scarf-factory, about 1860, which did a large
business,
its
sales
aggregating
more than one hundred

it
Prospect Hill cemetery

Valatie,
is
within the corporat-e limits of
thousand dollars per year.

tinued,
factory.
In ten years
was discon-
and
is
naturally one of the finest cemeteries in the
and the building
is
now ^în used
as a carriage-
county.
It contains twenty-eight acres of beautifully -located

to a considerable
ground, which have been improved
extent
In 1846, Peter Hoes and James Chrysler erected a lan;e
by a
skillful landscapist.
There are many
fine
monuments
steam cotton-mill
in
in the
western part of the village, which,

to
and a good receiving-vault.
good times, was operated

to eighty operators.
produce twenty-eight thou-
The
trustees selected by the association, formed Sept. 27,
sand yards of plain cotton goods per week, and gave employ-
1852, were William P. Ratbbone, Orin Carpenter, Peter
ment
Carpenter
&
it
Earl operated the
W.
Pulver, William
Van Buren,
Charles B. Osborne,
John
mill last, but for the past eight years
has been
idle.
Rodgers, Jeremiah Carpenter, Samuel Haniia, and Benajah
Among
the
first
taverns within the village, within the
Conant.
period of recollection, was the one kept by

association,
Abraham Van
At present Charles Wild is president of the and Justus W. Bebee secretary.
Buren, the father of the President, towards the close of

the last century.
The house
stood on the south side of

hill,
the post-road, at the foot of the
and not very
far
from
THE VILLAGE OF KINDERHOOK

is
the creek.
roof.
It
was a story and a half frame, with a steep
situated on the west
bank of Kinderhook creek, twelve

Boston and Albany railroad, and
the foregoing points, and to
The
front door
was
in
the centre of the building,

hall,
miles north from Hudson, four miles from Kinderhook station (Niverville) on
five miles
with large side windows to light the
and which divided

also a small far-
the
the part of the house allotted to travelers and that occu-
from Stuyvesant on the Hudson River railroad.

all
pied by the family.
Mr. Van Buren was
Excellent higliways lead to
mer, and probably did not depend upon bis tavern as an

exclusive means of support, although
it
Albany by way of the old

creek in
its
post-road, which here crosses the
is
said that at
course to the northwest.

;is
From
its
location on
certain seasons the business was considerable.
Soon
after
this thoroughfare,
well as being on a principal road
from
1800, a part of the hotel now known as the " Kinderhook

224

erected.
Its present size
is
NEW YORK.
became
a postal
House" was
additioDS.
the result of several
In 1869
it
Peter
followed in
Lewis was an early landlord, and was In 1837, David B. time by David Skinner.
I.
issued orders to the
money-order office, and in 1877 amount of three thousand seven hundred
and forty-eight
dollars
and .êventy-uine
cents, besides sendletters.
Strannahan was the proprietor of the house.

after
Two
years
ing one hundred and eighteen registered
Martin
Van Buren's
elevation to the presidency, in

in
Kinderbook
is
noted for
its
excellent and popular banks.
1839, he visited a number of places

others his old home, Kinderbook.
place tendered
New
York, among
The
present
The
citizens of the
him a most enthusiastic reception,

filling
the
ranks
first
NATIONAL BANK OP KINDERBOOK

in
assembled concourse completely

the Kinderbook House.
the space in front of
the order of time.
It
was established as a
of
Amid
the roar of cannon the

in
State bank Jan. 1, 1839, with a capital of one hundred and

ninety-five thousand
dollars.
President appeared on the balcony of the hotel, and
the
It
is
said that the city

bitter jealousy
;
must touching and pathetic manner thanked the people who thus honored him, and among whom he began his public
career as a fence-viewer.
Hudson opposed
this
movement with
became
but,
nevertheless, the bank,
at once very popular,
and
of
Tryon
&
Granger, Asaph Wil-
has always retained the confidence of the business

the northern part of the county.
men
der, and others have been hosts at this place,
and
for the
past fifteen years
it
has been conducted by
Wm.
Bradley.
erected
The
first
board of directors was composed of John Bain^

I.
Nearly opposite
is
another hotel.
The house was
Teunis Harder, Peter
Hoes, Mordecai Myers, Edward

I.
for other purposes,
and was used as a school-house by a
B. Pugsley, John P. Beekman, Charles Whiting, John
man named
teacher.
Restor,
who had
it
considerable reputation aa a
finally,
Pruyn, Andrew Van Alstyne, Julius Wilcoxson, David
Subsequently
additions,
contained a store, and
Van
Schaack, Lucas Hoes, Laurence
with
some
became a tavern.
Andrew Van
its
Tobey, John J.
Van Buren, Wm. H. Van Valkenburgb, Uriah Edwards, and

president of the bank, and
Slyck, B. Demeyer, and
many
others have been
keepers.
Adam
A. Hoysradt.
P.
In the neighborhood of the
Van Buren
tavern
Abram
John
Beekman was chosen
some time about 1780. Afterwards his son became associated with him, and later Henry and Aaron Van Vleck were the principal tradesmen. In 1821
Van Vleck had
a store,
held that position until 1862.
He
was succeeded by ChrisSince
topher H. Wendover,
who was
president a year.
1863, William R. Mesick has presided over the interests of

the bank.
they had a store on the west side of

the house
Chatham
street, in
now occupied
store
as a residence
by William Weed.
John and was afterwards built by them. Peter Bain succeeded the Van Vlecks, and were for many Another old store is that at years prominent merchants.
The comer
present occupied by the post-oifice.
This was erected by

habits, but withal
Lucas Hoes, 1839-42; Coving1842-49; Franklin G. Guion, 1849-69; John J. Van Schaack, 1869-77; and since that period Augustus W. Wynkoop. In 1862 the bank moved into the present building, which
The
cashiers have been
ton Guion,
John Rogers, an Irishman of convivial Whiting & Clark a good business man.
country
was erected
poses.
for its use,
and seems well adapted

it
for its pur-
carried on an ex-
On
the
17th of April, 1865,
became a national
tensive business in this house, drawing custom from
the
bank, with an increase of the capital to two hundred and

fifty
many miles around. On the site of the National bank Peter Van Buren was in trade, and was succeeded, Laurence Van Buren occuabout 1830, by Peter Hoes. pied what was known as the Yellow store, and Lawrence Van Dyck the Mandeville tavern building. Van Dyck &
Crocker did business near the Reformed church, and Wit-
thousand
dollars,
which amount
is
yet maintained.
beck
&
Buffington in a building that stood where the

law-office
Van
early
in
Schaack
day.
now
John
is.
Amos
Ackley, Geid Manton,
Asaph Wilder, and

Since 1844,
is
others were also in trade at an

C.
The present directors are John J. Van Valkenburgh, who has been continuously on the board, and is the only one William R. Mesick, of the original directors now living, Hugh Van Alstyne, Ephraim P. Best, Samuel Wilber, James Kingman, Barent I. Van Hoesen, Calvin L. Herrick, Peter S. Hoes, Lucas Pruyn, William J. Penoyer, Henry Van Hoesen, Abraham Harder, and Albert De Meyer. The Natioval [fiiion Bank of Kinderliook commenced
Sweet has been a bookseller
business as a State bank Oct. 1, 1853, with a capital of one
the place, and
the oldest merchant in trade.
There are
is
hundred and
fifty
thousand
dollars.
This was increased to
about a dozen
stores,
but the business transacted
light
two hundred thousand dollars
in
1859.
The bank com-
compared with that of former days.
The
early history of the post-office has been imperfectly
owned by Charles In 1858 the Whiting, adjoining the present harness-store.

menced business
in
the corner building,
ascertained.
From
the department at
Washington we learn
bank was burglarized, sustaining a

dollars.
loss
it
of nine thousand
that the
fiist
regular office was established July 31, 1792,
The
brick building which

fitted
now occupies was

and possession was
ac-
and that Ashbel Ely was the postmaster.

official
Another
in
early
then purchased and

taken
up
for its use,
was Laurence Van Dyck.

is
The
letter-case
he con-
May
1,
1859.
It affords
ample and convenient
structed for the office

store.
yet preserved
Mr. Sweet's
commodations
institution.
for the large
and increasing business of the

it
David Van Schaack, Laurence Van Buren, and James Lathrop have also been postmasters, and George
Reynolds holds the position
at present.
On
the
29th of March, 1865,
became a
national bank, and has since done business as such.
The
office
does a
The
first
board of directors was composed of William H.
business aggregating nearly two thousand dollars per an-
Tobey, John J. Kittle,
Adam
A. Hoysradt, John Rogers,
num, and
distributes a large
amount of matter
daily, the
number of papers per week reaching nearly
a thousand.
John T. Wendover, Henry J. Whiting, Francis W. Bradley, David Van Schaak, Isaac Esselstyne, Charles Whiting,

James B. Laing, Daniel D. Warner, Daniel S. Curtis, Ciba A. Gardenier, John Bain, Hugh Bain, Nathan Wild, Richard Graus, Henry Snyder, Samuel Hanna, and Charles
L. Beale.
in
225
1782, and
left
the academy in this place in 1796 to
commence
of
the study of law with Francis Silvester.

in
in
He
Ness,
completed his studies
the office of
Wm.
P.
Van
New York
city,
and
1803 commenced the

His
political
practice of
William H. Tobey was chosen president of the bank

Barent
in
his profession in
Kinderhook, remaining'
until 1808,
when
1853, and held that position until his death in May, 1878.
he removed
to
Hudson.
career and public
Van
Alstyne, the vice-president,
is
now
the acting
services are elsewhere noted.
president.
Wm.
its
is
H. Rainey has been the cashier of the
James Vanderpoel, son

derhook
in
of Isaac Vanderpoel, and oldast
bank from
organization,
and
to
him much of
tiic
success
brother of John and Aaron Vanderpoel, was born at Kin-
of the bank
due.
178Y.
He commenced
the study of law with
Of
bers
;
tlie
original
twenty-one directors two remain
bers of the present board, wiiich contains but twelve

fifteen
memmem-
Francis Silvester in 1804, and practiced at Kinderhook
from 1808
until
1832, when he removed 1799, and studied law

1820.
to
Albany.
He
being
are deceased,
and four have become discon-
enjoyed a very enviable reputation as a lawyer.
His brother Kinderhook
nected.
Aaron was born

present directors are Barent
in
in his office,
The
Van
Alstyne, Ciba A.
admitted
to the bar in
He counseled
at
Gardenier,
John Rogers, Stephen H. Wendover, James

Pruyn, Isaac V. A. Snyder,
Gardenier, James Mix,
until 1839.
Van
Alstyne, Peter V. S.
Francis Silvester, David
W.
Henry
A. Best, and James Bain.

Probably no village
in
the Union has pos.sessed a greater
John H. Reynolds, Julius Wilcoxson, and Wm. H. Tobey were for many years contemporary attorneys of more The latter died in May, 1878, than ordinary merit. having been in practice at Kinderhook more than forty
years.
array of talent in the learned professions than Kinderhook.
Other lawyers of note
in
the place were Barent
Here have
lived,
and practiced law and medicine, men whose
mon
names have become co-extensivo with the fame of our comcountry, and who have given those professions in this
place a prestige that will always attach to them.
As
near as can be determined from the imperfect data in
Abraham A. Van Buren, James I. Van Alen, Francis Pruyn, George Van SantOf those born in old Kinvoord, and Charles L. Beale. derhook, who became eminent in the law, Cornelius P. Van Ness, son of Peter Van Ness, born at Lindcnwald in
Gardenier, Myndert Vosburgli,
our possession, Peter Silvester was a counselor at Kinder-
1782, deserves foremost mention

Colonel
B.
F.
Butler, son
of
hook about 1760, and was probably the

regularly in the practice of law.
in
first
to
engage
Medad
Butler, born in 1795, a student of Martin
In 1706 he had an office

to reside at
Albany, although his family continued
Kin-
Peter L.
close of
Van Buren in 1811, also became Van Alen, who removed

the last century, was
very prominent; and

to
Georgia about the
derhook, where, in 1767, was born Francis Silvester, who,

twenty-five years later, and until his death, in 1845, was
an
attorney of uimsually
brilliant attainments.
Besides Francis Silvester, already
known
It
as
in
one of the most eminent lawyers of Kinderhook.
mentioned, G. S.
Collier
and William
H.
Atwood
arc
was
Mr.
Silvester's
office
that
Martin
Van Buren
lawyers at Kinderhook.
Scha.ick
is
The
latter occupies the old
Van
began his law studies, and others who became distinguished

jurists
office,
having been located here since 1872, and
were here under his instruction.

Silvester,
is
grandson, also
a rising young attorney.
named Francis
Peter
at present an
honored and suc1747.
Although not
derhook.
as
numerous
as the legal fraternity, the
cessful attorney at
Kinderhook.
in
medical profession has had
men
of equal eminence
I.
Van Schaack was born
Kinderhook
in
One
of the
first
was Dr. John
at KinBeekman, who
When
ter at
in
nineteen years old he studied law with Peter Silves-
Albany, and subsequently became a leading lawyer

city.
Dr. Henry was born July 4, 1761, and died in 1791. Van Dyek came next as a successful practitioner. Dr.
New York
On
In 1775 ho removed to Kinderhook,
and afterwards
the law.
visited his
Kngland
to
to
continue
the study of
a
William Barthrop, an Englishman, came some time after 1800, and remained until his death in 1838, aged seventythree years.
Dr.
return
America he found
large
John
was
1834.
in
P.
in
Beekman, a son of the

practice
first-
practice awaiting him, but was obliged by his failing eye-
named
physician,
about
twenty
yeai-s,
sight to relinquish the greater portion of
it.
In 1702 he
his
dLscontiiming in
He was
1801.
born in Kiuderliook
Dr.
in
was obliged
to
employ an amanuensis, and thereafter

to
labors were principally directed
the instruction of his
law-students,
who embraced
the sons of some of the most
Andrew Van Dyek was a well-known physician from 1822 to 1843. Dr. John M. Pruyn was in practice from 1835 on, and died in 1850,
1788, and died there
nearly sixty years of age.
distinguished lawyers of that day,
among
others the sons of
Dr. Daniel
to
Sargent was his

Dr. Lucas
Rufus King, James Kent, Ambrose Spencer, and Theodore

Sedgewick.
It
is
contemporary until his removal
Hudson.
estimated that one hundred young
men
Pruyn was born June

derhook.
Dr. P. V. S.
;
14, 1812, admitted to practice in

at
served their law clerkships under him.
Mr. Van Schaack

first
1834, and since 1842 has followed his profession
Kin-
was
man
of profound knowledge, and was the
native
of the county to receive a college education.
He
îs
died at
Kinderhonk
hook lawyer
of
in
September, 1S32.
alsu widely
Pruyn has been established here and Dr. James Green, a homccopathist, came since 1803 to Kinderhook io 1875.
Tlie Rijuijli Xiili:s, a
David Van Schaack was
known
a Kinderat
lively
weekly journal,
is
publi.~licd
until his death in
1872.
in
Kinderhook, by C.
W.
Davis.
is
full
account of this
chapter on the
Martin Van Buren wxs born
the unpretentious tavern
paper and village journalism

press of the county.
found
in the
Abraham Van Buren,

29
in
the lower part of Kinderhook,

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.
NEW
YORK.
;
The
village
was vested with municipal privileges April

for the election of a pres-
18, 1838.
The charter provides

in office,
William H. Tobey; 1850-51, G. Van Santvoord 1852, Thomas Beekman 1853-54, David Van Schaack 1855-58, Thomas M. Burt; 1859, Chester Jarvis 1860, John Fris; ;
ident, six trustees, a clerk, a treasurer,
and a
collector,
who,
bie;
1861,
William
H. Tobey;
1862-78, William
11.
and their successors
were
to represent the
" Corseal
Mesick.
poration of the Village of Kinderhook."
A commoa
was provided, having the foregoing words, a plow, rake, and scythe engraved thereon.
The clerks for the same period have been: 183816, David Van Schaack; 1847-48, G. Van Santvoord; 1849,
J. C.
Sweet; 1850-51, A. V.
;
S.
Witbeck; 1852-53, George

;
The
first
;
principal
officers
were:
President,
John P.
Harder,
BeekiDan
Trustees,
Mordecai
Myers,
Teunis
Van Schaack 1862-72, John A. Vau Bramor; 1873-78, WiHiam S. Hallenbeck.

Peter
W. Hoxsie 1854-61,
William B. Shaw, Willard Bradley, John V.Salmon, Peter
Van Schaack Clerk, David Van Schaack. The latter was al.so appointed the attorney
;
of the corpo-
is
Dutch term signifying

to
in
" the
little
falls,"
and was ap-
ration,
and drew up the
first
village ordinances.
Two
fire-
plied
the rapids at this point, to distinguish
them from
wardens were appointed, and provision made

against
fire
for protection
the "great falls"
Stuyvesant.
Valatie Kill here unites
by purchasing an engine and organizing a com1838.
with the Kinderhook, and as both streams afford good

water-power, the natural conditions for a manufacturing
village
pany
"
in the fall of
On
the 4th of September, 1838, the president reported
have been very favorable, and the judicious im-
that he had received five dollars for a license for the exhibition of the giraffe and other wild animals, and the
provement of these privileges has promoted the rapid

growth of the
place.
It
of five dollars for the exhibition of a
sum man without arms."
now ranks
as one of the
most
important villages in the county, having a population of
This money was received by the board, which immediately

voted " that no license shall bo granted to any circus exhibitions."
more than two thousand inhabitants.

Besides the manufacturing interests of the village,
it
enjoys an active business, having a large number of stores,

acts of the board have
The subsequent
whose
streets
conduced
to the
shops, several hotels; and contains, also, four churches, a

fine school building,
present handsome and well-kept appearance of the village,
and several very handsome residences,

and
appearance
and walks compare very favorably with those
surrounded by spacious and tasty grounds.
of larger places.
The
was empowered by the Legislature, borrow eight thousand dollars, to be paid
of one thousand dollars, for the puretc.
location of the village is pleasant,
its
The
corporation
has been
much improved
since
it
has a
Feb. 18, 1874, to
in yearly instalments
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.
Valatie was incorporated
cation
pose of
erecting a public hall, engine-rooms,
The
March
25, 1850.
to
The
appli-
building occupies a central location, north of and near the

park.
stories
for corporate privileges
was made
the court of
It is a substantial
and attractive brick structure two
general sessions in 1853, and set forth that the place contained fifteen hundred and fifty-seven inhabitants, on the
six
high, and
bell.
is
surmounted by a centre tower which

corporation also owns an excellent
contains a
clock in
The
hundred and forty-eight acres which were

its limits.
to
be com-
the tower of the lleformed church, and a very
prised within
tion
For various reasons the incorporathree years later, when, at an
attractive grove adjoining the cemetery.
was not
effected
until
The
Aug.
first
fire
13, 1838.
company was recognized by the trustees, Lucas Hoes was appointed engineer of
election ordered to test the
minds of the people upon
this
matter, one hundred and thirty-five citizens voted for incorporation, and seventy-eight against.
the department, and
Homer
Blancliard of the company,
which had twenty members.

and
No.
its
This company went down,

14,
On
the 23d of April, 1856, the
first
election for village
place was taken, Jan.
1856, by Engine Co.
officers
was held with the following
result:
2,
whose organization
the
is
yet preserved.
Of
this
com-
Trustees,
pany, C. M.
Van Valkenburgh was

secretary.
It
the foreman and George

thirty-five
Corning, G.
Wm. W.
;
P. Rathbone, Sylvester Becker,
Bulkley,
L.
John Rogers;
James
Miller;
Assessoi-s,
;
John H. John
James
W. Hoxsie
had
members.
M. Mesick, Henry
Benajah Conant
Mesick
;
Miller, Barcnt Mesick
Treasurer,
new Button
&
Co. engine was purchased and other

first-
Clerk,
Collector,
apparatus provided the same year, 1850, to equip a
Pound-master,
Abram
Brewer.
mte company. The department was further strengthened, Aug. 13, 18C4, by the organization of Hook-and-Ladder Co. No. 1, having William H. Rainey as foreman and
Calvin Ackley as secretary.
The
trustees selected
Wm.
P.
Rathbone
In
as president of
the board, and at once enacted such ordinances as were
thought conducive
to
the public good.
November, 1856,
fire
The company had
fourteen
the board secured the transfer of an independent
com-
members. Both of these bodies have a good membership, and form

a department' of creditable impurtance.
in the public hall.
pany, which had been

previous, and a
' Viilatie Fire
formed
in
the place several years
They occupy rooms

its
month later gave it proper recognition as Companv, No. 1." The company had thirty-
four members, and
Wm.
P. Rathbone was appointed chief
The
presidents of the village from

:
incorporation to
P. Bccknian
; ;
engineer of the department.

in a central
An
engine-house was erected

for
the present time have been
in
1S3S,
J(,h,i
locality,
which has afforded quarters

In
appa-
1S3U, Mordecai Myers; 1S40, Lucas Iloes
1841, Julius
;
ratus provided
by the board.
village to
187S the Legislature

dollars in
Wilcoxson,
1842-13, Laurence Van Burcn
1S44-46
empowered the
expend two thousand
^^ym
i\

the purchase of the old Presbyterian church for a public
hall.
NEW YORK.
three
227
sand mule and

spindles,
thousand
five
hundred Danforth's
These
This building
will afford
ample and suitable rooms
and two hundred and twenty-four looms.
for the uses of the corporation,
and
will
be a much-desired
are run on the celebrated Canoe shirtings,
and are capacitated
convenience.
The
its
following have held the principal vilhige offices since
to produce ten thousand yards per day. About one hundred and sixty operatives are employed, under the superintend-
incorporation.
Presidents.
ence
Clerks.
of Jeremiah
Carpenter.
E.
J.
Wendover
is
the
present proprietor.
18.16
Win. P. Rathbone.
" " G. TttllmaJge. Wm. P. Rathbone. Sylvester Becker.
S.
lSo7 ISiS 1859 1860 ISGl 1862 IS63 1864 1865 1866 1867
1868
J;ime3 Miller. D. E. Morwin.
Opposite this mill, on the south side of the stream, are

the Baldwin, or
last
W.
I.
Menvio.
Hanna
mills,
now
idle,
but which were
George Ransford.
"
'
operated by A. Abbott
&
Son, in the manufacture of

is
satinet warps.
The building
a substantial brick, and
is
Allen Miller.
S. G.
Tallmadge.
supplied with motive-power from a twenty-foot
dam and
Sylvester Becker. Justus W. Bcbec. Charles W. Triinper. " " " "
"
Merwin.
W.
sixty horse-power engine.

also
Formerly sheetings were here
I.
manufactured, the product being ten thousand yards
W. H. Pulver.
"
Charles E. Reynolds. W. 11. Pulver.
per week, in addition to the large weekly product of satinet

warps.
1S69 1870
1871
1.S72 IS7:l
"
.-.
" "
"
Allen Miller.
Adjoining this property were extensive machine-shops,
IS74 1875 1876 IS77 1H78
Charles W. Trimper. Win. II. Silvernail

J.
which have
tal
also been
abandoned
and south
is
the " Crys-
W. Mcrwin.
"
" "
John Cusbv. W. II. Pulver.
Spring Knitting-Mill," occupying a large four-story

building,
brick
which was enlarged
to its present size in
"
1872.
M. W. Lant.
tills
The motive-power was a
twenty-five
horse- power
engine, and the machinery was capacitated to produce forty

;
Before 1700 there were saw-mills at
point
and
dozen of underwear per day.

the proprietors.
Henderson
&
Hoffman were
sixty-three years later there were saw and grist-mills on
the Kiiiderhook, owned by

still later,
there were four grist-mills in
Hans and Derick Hoes and tliis locality, owned

;
Near the
operated
a
The mill suspended work in 1875. mouth of Valatie Kill, Rensselaer Reynolds
maand on
factory for the manufacture of weaving

;
by Mallory and others.
These gradually gave place
to
chinery, before his removal to Stockport in 1852
other interests, principally cotton manufactories.
the
hill,
west of the old Wild mill, William P. Rathbone
The
"
Kinderhook Manufacturing Company" was the
established a wadding-factory, in
1866, in a large stone
pioneer in this industry.
Some time about 1820,

site
it
put up
building, the capacity having been three thousand pounds
a frame building, on the

it
of Davis' paper-mill, in which
per week.
This has been
idle the past
few years, and the
manufactured warps and other cotton goods, increasing

business until
it
former has been removed.
its
was an important
interest,
and created
On
Valatie Kill, and employing
all
the power of that
little
hamlet
in
this locality,
from which has sprung the

P. Rathbone
stream afforded by two dams,

height,
fifteen
and twenty
feet in
present village.
Adjoining the old
mill,
Wm.
&
Co. erected
a brick mill, in which were placed two thousand two hun-
They embrace two large and well-arranged brick buildings. The upper mill was erected in 1828 by Nathan Wild, a pioneer cottonare
Charles Wild's
cotton-mills.
dred spindles and fifty-seven looms, and which were successfully
manufacturer, and
is
forty
by sixty
is
feet.
In 184G
he
operated
many
years.
This became, in time,

fire,
the
erected the lower mill, which
fifty-four
by one hundred
fifty
property of A. Abbott, and was destroyed by
while
and forty-four
feet.
feet,
and has a wing twenty-four by

horse-power engine.
to
belonging to him, a few years ago.
In addition to the power from the lower dam, this
A
is is
portion of the old frame mill was transformed into a
mill has a
one hundred and
fifty
They
in
paper-mill by Abbott,
and the manufacture of that

by C. F. Davis.
article
are
now operated supplementary
each
other,
the
now
carried on at this point
The
mill
manufacture of cotton printing cloths,

sand yards per week.
seventy-five thou-
supplied with two forty-eight-inch machines, and has two

It is capacitated to
Tiie mills are supplied with twelve
engines.
produce nine hundred reams of
thousand eight hundred and eighty spindles and two hundred and
fifty
light wrapping-paper per day,
and employs fourteen men.
looms, giving
operatives.
employment
to
one hundred
On
the next rapids below
John Van Alcn had

also destroyed
a small
frame cotton-mill.
Some
years after the Kinderhook com-
pany established
its mill,
which was
its
by
fire.
Nathan Wild continued the sole proprietor until 1850, when he associated his son with him until his death, in 1858. Then the firm became
and seventy-five
brick building was erecttd in
stead by
Van Alen &
Nathan Wild's Sons, and continued

Wild.
as
such until 1871,
Co.,
which was long known as the " Beaver Cotton-FacIn 1851 Jeremiah Carpenter became the proprietor
to
its
since which the mills have been the sole property of Charles
tory."
of this properly, and by him the mill was enlarged

present large dimensions in 1858.
It
is
The
shops,
village also contains a large
number of mechanic
large scale.
two hundred and
some of which are conducted on a
ninety feet long, forty-four feet wide, and four stories high.
The motive-power
three feet
fall,
is
furnished by a dam, yielding twentyfil'ty
Among the first to engage actively in merchandising were Baldwin & Wild, in the house now occupied as a residence
by C. F. Davis, having the store
cotton-factory.
in
in
and a steam-engine of one hundred and
connection with the
horse-power.
The establishment
is
has been
known of
late
Orin Carpenter was afterwards a merchant
years as the " Canoe Mill," and
pplied with six thou-
the same building.
Others prominent in trade have
228

Richard Kirk,
A. H. Van Slyck, Samuel Hauua,
E. 0.
Caipeiitcr,
NEW
YORK.
been
two thousand pounds of plain and colored wadding per day.
Conant
&
Penoyer,
Solomon Strauss,
The
buildings are brick, the main part of the mill being

feet long.
Lewis and Martin Gerst, George
W.
Coinwell, J. B. Rich-
one hundred and ninety-three
There
are, also,
mond, Isaac Van

Shaugliness,
Aleii,
D.
Palmer,
James
Miller,
T.
carding and lapper-rooms and a spacious store-house.
In
John H. Corning, and Martin Lederer. Jonathan N. White was an early innkeeper in a small
after
addition to the water-power the mill has a fifteen horse-
power engine.
building on the site of the present United States Hotel.
Another tavern was soon
opened by Oliver Squiers,
in
The Victor mower-works were established at Niverville 1875. They occupy a factory, east of the depot, built
feet,
Among the keepers on the site of the ' Valatie House." here were William Bradley, Henry Her, and E. H. Plass.
The
post-office at Valatie
of brick, thirty by eighty

large
three stories high, with a
wing containing a
thirty-five
horse-power engine,
was established
in
May, 1832,
Others who
which supplies the motor of the establishment.

tor
with Dr. John Vanderpoel as postmaster.
machine
is
the invention of E.
The VicM. Krum, who carried

Continued im-
have held the
office
have been
I.
Van
Alen, John H. Cor-
on their manufacture, in a small way, at Nassau twenty

years ago, and subsef|uently at Chatham.
ning, Charles B. Osborne, Elizabeth Osborne, S. G. Tall-
madge, and E. H. Tallmadge.

office,
It is a British International
office
provements, and notably the invention of a friction ratchet,
and became
It receives
a postal
money-order
in
August,
gave this machine
many
points of superiority,
which
led to
1866.
and sends four mails
daily.
the formation of a stock company, in order to secure better
The
in
learned professions in Valatie have been represented
manufacturing
facilities,
and the establishment of the new
medicine by the able and respected Dr. John Vander-
works
at
Niverville.
officer
Wm.
H. Smith
is
at present the
poel,
who
died
;
in
1851, after having been

S.
in
practice
managing
of the company, but the mowers are coninventor.
thirty years
and by Drs.
G. Tallmadge, Geo. Beman,
structed under the personal supervision of the
Geo. E. Benson, E. B. Boice, A. P. Cook, C. H. Masten, A. Abbott, P. B. Collier, J. H. Lent, and T. Roberts, the
last three
Three hundred machines are produced annually, some of The mower has been which are shipped to Europe.
brought into competition with many
rival machines,
its
named being
still
in practice.
and
As
attorneys there have been Goo.
W.
Bulklcy,
W.
C.
has always succeeded in establishing
claims for good
Benton, Geo. K. Daley, Edward R. Peck. Gershom Bulkley,
work, lightness of draft, and ease of management, the new

friction-ratchet starting the knife the
plied,
A. B. Gardinier, A. H. Farrar, Geo. D. Earle, and
W.
moment power
is
ap-
H.
Silvernail.
The
last six are
yet in successful practice
making
it
impossible to clog.
in the village.
At
Niverville stores have been kept by Jacob Smith,
Peter Springstein, A.
D. Simpson, and others.

post-office,
In the
NIVERVILLE
is
store of the latter R.
Trimper has the
which was
a village of several hundred inhabitants, on the outlet of

lake, in the northeastern part of the town.
established here since the railroad.
Kinderhook
is
It
A
acres,
little
northwest from this place are the peat beds of the
a station on the Boston
and Albany railroad and the
Columbia Peat Company.
They comprise about eighteen

In 1867 the company
shipping-point for Valatie and the surrounding villages.

Its
containing peat of excellent quality, whose purity
name
is
derived from the Niver family,
who have been

There are
has been graded at sixty per cent.
early
and prominent citizens of the
locality.
took out several hundred tons of peat, which found a ready
several
good manufacturing establishments, a neat Meth-
market
in
New England and
other points.
The
decline in
odist chapel,
and several
stores.
The
first
improvements
the price of coal has caused the temporary suspension of
were made along the Valatie creek, near the lake, the upper part of the village having been built since the construction of the railioad.
work, which will probably soon be resumed.

stein
Peter Spring-
was the superintendent of the company.

.
saw-mill was erected at this
point about 1710, and the water-power has been employed
LINDENWALD,
ever since to furnish the
motor for mills and

Niver
factories.
the widely-known homestead of President
Van Buren,
is
One
in
of the best
is
known and
at present the only grist-mill
on the " post-road," two miles south from the village of
town
on the
site of the
old
mill, erected
in
Kinderhook.
family,
1810.
The
buildings have been
enlarged to embrace a
It was formerly the abode of the Van Ness whose members attained distinguished prominence,
this
cotton-factory, formerly operated
by Coop, Brown
and a
&
Co.,
and made
the great
place the resort, already in early times, of
and
mill.
at present contains five run of stones
plaster-
men of our
country.
On Mr. Van
Buren's
retire-
For many years these
mills
were known
as Raeder's,
ment from public

several
ins;
life
he purchased this farm, containing

rich
hut are now the property of Charles Wild.

is
Employment
hundred acres of
and finely-located land, borderin
given to nine men.
on Kinderhook creek, and made such changes
the
Below these
mills,
and supplied with power from the
buildings as would adapt them to a private
same dam, was formerly a brewery, by the Kingmans.

waJding-mill, by Benajah Conant, afterwards took
its
had occupied his high position
in life.
home of one who The place was well

hou.'se,
place.
adapted for one seeking seclusion.
In front of the
James Benson and Robert Trimper erected a new and more extensive mill, which, in an enlarged condition, is now known as the Niverville
Upon
its
destruction by
fire,
which stands on a
the road,
lindens,
is
slight
eminence about twenty rods from
a grove of stately native trees, chiefly pines
and
which hide the unassuming mansion from the
wadding-mill, C.
W. Trimper
is
proprietor.
It
is
very
gaze of those passing on the highway, and give this spot

a
extensive establishment, and
capacitated to manufacture
quiet
dignity.
Although there are but few lindens

in this
NEW
;
YORK.
;
229
wald (grove) thej
are prominent objects,
and
as that
tree
is
not generally found in the woods of this locality the

not inappropriately applied.
Its use in this con-
name was
of Mr.
nection has
made
it
an endeared term among the admirers

not specially attractive, but has a solid
It is
James Green, K. and John A. Van BraThe membership at present numbers fifty-four, Calvin Ackly, K. with Augustus W. Wynkoop, H. P. and Jacob Cook, Sec. The meetings of the chapter are
the
first
H. P.
mer, Sec.
Van Buren.
is
held at Kinderhook village.

Fi-iendship
L'idge,
The mansion
K. of
P.,
No. 95, was instituted
and comfortable appearance.

drives from the street,
approached by winding
for
where were lodges
men employed
on the farm.
In the rear was the farm-house and buildings
March 27, 1873, with eighteen members. At present there are twenty-seven. The first officers were Sylvester and W. H. PulBecker, C. C. C. W. Davis, K. R. S.
;
;
connected therewith, and rare gardens and fishing-ponds,

in
ver,
M. of
F.
The meetings
are held at Valatie.
which many
varieties of the finny tribe disported

is
themtower,
selves.
On
the south side of the mansion
tall
was instituted July
Kinderhook Division, No. 164, Suns of Temperance, For a number of years it 4, 1846.
it
from which the winding course of the Hudson,

distant, can
five
miles
is
was very flourishing, but
was discontinued ten years ago.
be descried, and a good view of the Catskill
afforded.
Interiorly there
without extravagant ornamentation.

a refined
was a sense of comfort and plenty, It was a home where
EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS.
Hendrick Abelsen was the
first
schoolmaster in Kinderus.
American gentleman might entertain the cultured

all
hook of
whom
any account has reached

office
He combined
The time
followed
and the great of

the
lands without removing himself from

peers,
with his duties the
of church precentor.
presence
of his
the
common
citizen
and
of his service was before 1700.

his successor, but
Paulus Van Vleck was
although the ex-President daily received homage from those

iu
how
long he remained, or
who
elevated places, he yet remained on terms of equality
him, we have no means of determining.

pastors of the
Most
likely the
with his old neighbors and was uniformly kind and courteous to
all.
He was very
many
fond of outdoor exercise, and daily
the
Dutch church also instructed the youth of members of that body and the early schools of the
;
took horseback rides along the lonely country roads, often
town were undoubtedly controlled by the church

In 1778,
officials.
extending them
miles.
at
Andrew
Mayfield Carshore opened an English
Mr. Van Buren died

passing
Lindenwald, July 21, 1862,
school at Kinderhook, which he conducted successfully ten
away
tranquilly, with
no disturbing thought but the

the
or twelve years.
David B. Warden
followed,
although
welfare of the endangered Union, which he had served in

so
perhaps not immediately after Mr. Carshore's leaving, as

the principal of what was then
many
capacities.
His remains were deposited
in
known
as the
Kinderhook
in
Kinderhook cemetery, where the place of

is
their interment
Academy.
few years
linguist,
He was
at the
head of the school
1799.
A
and
marked by a
plain granite shaft about fifteen feet high.
after, Elijah
Garfield, an excellent scholar
For some time Lindenwald remained the property of the President's family, but it was finally sold, and is now used,
in a much neglected condition, as ordinary farm property. The only remaining members of President Van Buren's
became the
principal, but
was succeeded,
in
1813,
by Joseph Montague.
We
have learned nothing that assures us that the Kincalled,
derhook Academy, so
was more than a well-con-
family in Kinderhook are two nieces, daughters of Laurence
ducted select school, which gave place, in 1823, to the

present academy.
Van Buren.
The
loss
of the town records prevents an account of the
KINDERHOOK SECRET ORDERS.

Valatie Lodge, No. 115,
7.
early public schools.
There are
at
present ten districts,
0. 0. F., was instituted in

It
maintaining excellent schools.
In Valatie and Kinderhook
1847, with twenty charter members.
now has eighty

;
villages these take unusually high rank,
and are taught
in
members,
ofiBcered
;
by
Wm.
P. Wa.shburn, N. G.
Miller, Sec.
Wm.
buildings whose appearance and convenience of arrangement

are not excelled in the county.
It
is
H. Spencer, V. G.
Iloj)e
and Wilson
The meet-
said that WashiTigton

6,
ings are held in a comfortable lodge-room in Valatie.
Irving taught the school in district No.
while a youth, and
Encampment, No. 66, of the same order, was inThomas stituted March 7, 1872, with seven members. Cooke was elected the first C. P. Frank Westfull, H. P.
;
that his acquaintance with the early settlers and their traditions, there acquired,
enabled him to write his " Knickerwith such

fidelity
bocker's History of
New York"
to
the
H. W. Pulver,
Valatie.
S.
W.; and
L. Harrison, Scribe.
There
at
Dutch
character.
are at present fifteen
members, whose meetings arc held
THE KINDERHOOK ACADEMY.*

and A.
M., received
its
Valatie Lodge, No. 362, F.

ter
char-
June 22, 1855, and

;
elected for
its first officers
Jesse 0.
Vanderpoel,.W. M.
Miller, J.
Jacob M. Witbeck,
S.
W.
Jacob P.
The preliminary meeting which led to the formation of this school was held March 13, 1823, and was composed The measures which of the leading citizens of the place.
they adopted secured the use of the second story of the
public school-house, which was in the immediate neighbor-
W.
The
lodge at present numbers sixty-five

;
members, sixty-three of
whom are Master Masons and officers are A. B. Gardinier, W. M. A. W. Wynkoop, W. A. H. Bullis, J. W. D. Palmer, Sec.
;
its
S.
hood of the Reformed church.

thousand and
fifty dollars, to
guarantee fund of one
secure the salary of a principal,
Kinderhook Chapter, R. A. M., No. 262, was

under a dispensation
in
instituted
was subscribed, and the academy regularly organized by

?kcN-h by Professor George
Taylor.
1872, and was chartered February,
1873, with eleven members.
W.
S.
Hallcnbcck was elected
'^
Ci>ni|iiIoil
from
II.
230

composed of Dr. Henry L.
.M.C.
;
NEW
YORK.
;
electing a board of trustees,
Hon. Guy V. Pelton, M.C.
Hon. Francis
Silvester,
Van Dyck,
John John
L.
president
Peter
Van
Schaaek, Jr., secretary

I.
and many others who cannot be mentioned

space.
in this
limited
and treasurer; Peter
I.
Hoes, John
Pruyn, James Clark,
Van
Alen, John G. Philip, Francis Silvester, and
We cannot
clo.se this
account without one word
in
regard
P.
Beekman.
to the trustees
who have
so carefully watched over the in-
Professor
John Glezen, formerly
principal
of
Lenox
terests of this institution.
Until
May
15 there had been

Dr. Beekman, and
(Massachusetts) Academy, was installed principal of the
but three presidents
Dr.
Van Dyck,
new
institution,
and remained connected with
it
four years.
Hon. W. H. Tobey, who passed

the last
to his rest so lately.

is
To
due.
He
was succeeded by his
assistant, Silas Metcalf, a
graduate
named
the present existence of the academy
of Williams College,
who watched
over the school with the
For-
its
interests
he labored
at
all
times,
and those best
greatest fidelity for twenty years.
During
hi.s
regime a
acquainted with the history of the school give to him the

credit of preserving this ancient school
;
female department was added to the school, and also a de-
and so long
as it
partment
for
normal instruction.
In 1836 the school out-
stands, so long will
his
name
in
connection therewith bo
new academy building, the one The records give an account of quite an extended programme of its dedication, including
grew
its
quarters, and a
remembered with the greatest honor.
now
in use,
was
erected.
The
present board of trustees
is
as follows
President, Peter V. S. Pruyn, A.M.,
M.D.
Secretary
an oration by Hon. Francis Silvester. In
and Treasurer, Aug.

and Mr.
R. Mesick,
W. Wynkoop
H. Van
C. H. Wendover,
W.
1847 Mr. Metcalf resigned
his position,
W. H.
Rainey, John Bray, Charles Palmer, B.

Alstyne, C. Wild, and
Alexander Watson, a graduate of ISdinborough University,
Van
J.
Alstyne, F. Silvester,
assumed the charge of the school, and

history.
this, traditionally, is
its
A. Reynolds.
the highest point which the academy reached in
past
Mr. Watson was a man of ripe scholarship, of
KINDERHOOK RELIGIOUS
The
early settlers of the
SOCIETIES.
rare literary attainments, remarkable skill in inspiring his
town were under the religious

In 1677 that pun-
pupils with his

ability in
own enthusiasm, and,

school.
in addition, a peculiar
supervision of the Dutch church at Albany.
managing a
He
retained the charge of

resigned,
body applied
to the council for an order to secjire the to
the 'institution until 1852,
when he
and was suc-
ishment of evil-doers, " and
prevent and punish severely
ceeded by Mr. Poucher,
who remained but
three years,
when
until
the shameful violation of the Sabbath, especially committed
Mr. Watson returned, and continued

1857.
checkered.
his connection
by the inhabitants of Kinderhook

Lambertse, deputy
sheriflF, strictly
;"
and asked that Jochem
Since then the history of the academy has been
attend to the order and
The succeeding
Steele,
principals have been
Messrs.
Cal-
bring the offenders to justice.
Edgar H. Perkins,
kins,
Bisbee, J. S. Fancher,
Again, in 1702, the church, or some of
its
members,
to
John B.
Walter Scott, M.
Van Schaaek, and
came
to grief
by reason of
it
having been reported
his
George F.
Colo.
excellency, the governor, that they had without authority
.The present principal; George H. Taylor, A.M., has been

for
employed one Paulus Van Vleck

of the recusants were sternly
to preach to
to
them.
Four
to
many
years a teacher of classics at Phillips

to place
Academy,
summoned
so,
New York
it
and proposes and expects

enviable position which
it
the school again in the
answer, and were compelled to do

winter.
although
wixs
mid-
held more than twenty years ago.

is
They
said,
in
defense, that
they had not era-
He
has a
full
corps of efficient assistants, and
already
library
for the
ployed him as minister, but had merely accepted him as

precentor and schoolmaster.
nation they could, and
fitting several pupils for college.
and philosophical apparatus.

very
The academy has a The number of pupils
After giving the best explaapologies, as
making the most humble snow and

ice, to
present year numbered over sixty, and the prospects are
they
were severely reprimanded and allowed
to return
much brighter the coming year. The academy building is very pleasantly
lot
best they might, through the
Kinderhook.
situated on a
These
tury
facts
show, beyond reasonable doubt, that at some

last
spacious
ing, with
on Albany avenue
is
a two-story frame build-
time during the

there
twenty years of the seventeenth cenat
a good basement, well furnished with recitationhall.
was
established
Kinderhook, under the
rooms and chapel and

of the Catskills, and
is
It
commands
a fine prospect
auspices of the Albany church, a preaching station, which
well adapted for the purposes for
was the germ of the present
which
it
was erected.
the
Among
find the
more noted of the long
roll
;
of alumni,
we
REFORMED PROTESTANT DUTCH CHURCH,*

which was formally organized
in
names of Hon. Samuel J. Tilden Rev. Dr. C. V. A. Van Dyck, the most prominent living Arabic scholar; Hon. H. N. Van Dyck, his brother, the late United States
sub-treasurer at
lic
1712, by Dominie Petrus
Van
Driossen, of that (Albany) church, although the con-
gregation had been

period by Rev.
supplied
with preaching before this

predecessor. Rev.
New York
city,
and superintendent of pub-
instruction for the State of
New York
William Allen
Van Driessen and his Johannes Lydius. The first preserved
records are dated

eonsi.story
Butler, Esq., of
New York
;
city
(author of " Nothing to
May
27, 1716, and contain

:
the
fii-st
of iho
Jurisprudence")
Wear"); Hon. George Van Santvoord (author of " Equity Aaron J. Vanderpoel, Esq., one of the
church here named

Alstyne, elders
;
Stephanus Van Alen and Abram Van

be ascertained now,
Burger Huyck and Dirck Goes, deacons.

far as can
foremost practitioners at the
New York
officer
;
bar; Dr. S. O.
Other male members, so
Vanderpoel (for many years health
of the port of
New York); Judge
Verplanck
Hon. P. H. Sylvester,
From a
sketch by the pastor, Rev. E. A. Collier.
D.W
Gardlnicfi
Res DENCE
or
DAVID
W CARDENItIR
Kinoerhook

were J. L. Van Valkenburgh, Peter Vosburgh, Lawrence
NEW
YORK.
in English.
231
having a part of the services

close of hLs ministry, in
Up
to nearly the
Van Buren, Bartholomew Van Valkenburgh, Jan. Goes, Peter Van Alen, Johannes Van Dusen, Johannes Van Alen, Joachim Lambereon, Thomas Van Alstyne, Isaac Vosburgh, Peter Van Slyck, Lambert Huyck, Barent Van Buren, Matthew Goes, Cornelius Scliermerhorn, John Van Alstyne, Lucas Van Alen, Tubia.s Van Buren, Jacob Van Alen, Hendrick Gardenier, Abram V. Van Valkenburgh, Leender Connyn, Jacobus Van Alen, Aendries Prosie, Thenis Van Slyck, Thomas Wieler,
Peter
Van Schaaek,
179!), the records of the church,

all
covering a period of more than eighty years, are

in Dutch.
written
The
ent
fifth
pastorate, that of Rev.

It
Jacob
Sickles, D.D.,
was longer than any two others.

centnry,
began with the presyears.

It
and
continued
thirty-four
was
marked by many signal tokens of God's favor. The years 1807, 1821-22, and 1831, were times of peculiar mercy.
Melchert Vanderpoel, and
Abram Yansen.
in
Preaching was supplied
connection with the Albany
church, and by other supplies,
Jacob Ehle, until
1727, when the Rev. Johannes
Dricssen, brother of the

to the holy office
by the
among them Rev. John Van Albany dominie, who was ordained faculty of Yale College, commenced
One-third of his
As the result of the great revival of 1821 three hundred and two were received upon confession of faith in one year. And during his entire ministry it was his privilege to welcome eight hundred and eight to the communion of this
church, six hundred and eighty-six of these being received
on confession.
The
age, -it
old church edifice having been in use

years,
some eighty or ninety

worse for
its
and being considerably the

to build a
a pa.storate which continued eight years.
was resolved
new house of
time was devoted to the churches in Claverack and the

Livingston manor.
edifice
worship on the
lot at present
occupied by the church.
During
his ministry the first
church
The second
building, a plain but neat and substantial

It
was
built.
It stood very near the present residence

Its site
brick structure, was erected in the years 1813-15.
was
of Mrs. John H. Reynolds.

burial-plat.
was
at
it
one time a
as
dedicated Aug. 13, 1815, the sermon being preached by
Some
still
living
remember
plain
Rev. Gilbert R. Livingston,

building, about
fifty
then
of Coxsackie.
This
wooden
with
its
structure, with its lofty wine-glass shaped pulpit

little
by
sixty-five feet, as first built,
was
high stand, where the chorister stood and

the Psalm
;
read the
Commandments and
with
its
bell-rope
enlarged by the addition of about twenty-five feet in 1851. In December, 1867, it was destroyed by fire, the walls
coming down
into the centre of the middle aisle.
Forty-
alone remaining.
nine were added to the church membership during Mr.
The
present edifice was erected on the same
site,
and has
fifty
Van
Driessen's ministry, of which
number only two were

After Mr.
is
in part the
same
walls.
Its
dimensions are about
by
received by certificate.
families as
He
New
records one hundred heads of
ninety, with a chapel forty-five by fifty-five, forming a re-
members of
his congregation.
Van
Driessen's removal to
to
Jersey (where he
supposed
versed L. Its cost was about forty-two thousand In elegance and completeness of appointments it
dollars.
is
sur-
have died and been buried), the church was destitute of

could be obtained
passed by few country churches anywhere.

cated
It
was dedi-
a pastor for about twenty years, and was again dependent
May
19, 1869.
The sermon was by Rev. H. D.

;
upon such occasional ministrations

from Albany and elsewhere.
with considerable regularity
there were
;
as
Ganse, then of
New York
the dedicatory prayer by the
Services were evidently held
Rev. Edward A.
Collier, the pastor of the
church when
it
and
in
each year, except four,

the membership.
was
rebuilt.
more or
less accessions to
The
The long and most

was terminated by
successful pastorate of Dr. Sickles
average was about three each year.
his resignation, on account of the multi-
The second
nioet.
pastor was Rev.
Johannes Casparus Freyen-
plying infirmities of advanced age.
sink, in
He wls educated in Holland, and settled in MiniNew Jersey. In 175G he accepted the call of the
manor.
by the Rev. Gushing

time.
He was assisted a year and the Rev. E. Van Aken, the

same length of
ministry twenty-six were added
life
sixth pastor, was his colleague about the
united congregations of Kindcrhook, Claverack, and the
During the
latter's
Livingston
His ministry of about twenty-one
to the church.
Rev. Sickles closed his earthly

Rev.
among
years was apparently blessed with several seasons of revival.
the people he so long served Jan. 19, 1846.
He
received one hundred and fifty-eight into the

;
memberbut when
to
The seventh
zealously and
failing
pastor.
Henry Heermance, labored

for
ship of the church

fession.
all
but twenty-two of these by con;
most successfully
he was
about one year.
Owin"
his
He
it.
was buried under the old church
health
then
compelled to resign
the present edifice was built his remains were retnterred
charge.
Forty seven professed their faith in Christ during
beneath
his brief ministry.
His body
rests
The
third pastor was Rev.
Johannes Ritzeraa.
He
in
also
The eighth
continued
pastorate, that of Rev.
among John
ail
his people.
C. Vandervoort,
was educated in Holland, and had been settled

York, as pastor of the Collegiate church.
here
New
five years.
During
his ministry one
hundred and
His ministry
twenty were received into the church,

confession.
but twenty by
commenced when he was

During
to the
sixty-eight years of age, and

this
His sepulchre
also
is
in the
church cemetery.
continued ten years.
period forty-two were

in
The ninth
in
pastorate, that of Rev. B.
Van
Zandt, began
Forty-nine
letter.
added
church.
His remains are
the cemetery at-
the year 1842 and continued ten years.
tached to the church.
were received
by confession
and seventy-six by
Rev. Isaac Labagh, the fourth pastor, also labored ten

years,
During
church
size.
his ministry,
edifice
and
largely
through his exertions, the

to
its
and received one hundred and
thirty-five into
church
was repaired and enlarged
present
fellowship.
in
tlie
Until his time the preaching had been wholly
Dutch language.
He
introduced the practice of
The titles to the pews were at the same time placed upon a new and more satisfactory basis.
232

the tenth pxstor, was
NEW
YORK.
Since that
The ministry of Rev. 0. Bronson,

one of signal
ability.
charge, having Rev. Elijah Crawford as pastor.
Although
his stay in the church
was
period the pastore, in the order of their connection, have
brief, his gentleness
of spirit and his devotion to his Master's
been Revs. James N. Shaffer,

J. Leonard, P. R. Stover,
Thomas
Ellis,
Hiram Chase,
work
will not
soon be forgotten.
;
He
labored in the church

;
about three years
received sixty-one to church fellowship
Oren Gregg, Thomas A. Griffin, Seymour Coleman, G. Ward, Richard F. Wade, J. G. Phillips,
resigned on account of poor health.
Alvin C. Rose, Hiram Chase, J.
W.
Belknap, William
In 1857 the Rev. J.

pastor,
Romeyn Berry became

spiritual
the eleventh
Clark,
Henry
Smii^h, S. S. Ford, J.
W.
Quinlan,
Wm.
Ryan,
and continued the
leader of the church
until
fession
1863.
He
fifty
received
ninety-nine
members on
pro-
Elam Marsh, and (since 1876j The church has at present

bers,
J. P. Haller.
seventy-five members,
and
and
by
certificate.
In 1858, after the great
maintains a flourishing Sunday-school of eighty-five
memIt sup-
revival, he received sixty-nine
The
any of
pastorate of the Rev.
members on profession. Edward A. Collier began

fifty-eight
which
is
superintended by Robert Loman.
in
ports a library of one
hundred and twenty volumes.
1861, and, with two exceptions, has continued longer than

his predecessors.
One hundred and
com-
THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OP KINDERHOOK

became a corporate body Jan. 28, 1834, when Horace Bidwell, Zepheniah E. Reynolds, and Fred. D. Tucker were
elected trustees.
municants have been received on confession and eighty-four
by
letter.
been about two thousand, and
The aggregate membersliip of the church has at present (1878) numbers

families.
A meeting-house
had been erected
in the
three hundred and thirty-five, belonging to one hundred
western part of the village the year previous, in which the
and eighty
The church has

other societies, and
contributed liberally to the formation of

is
the parent of lialf a dozen churches
worship of the society was maintained a number of years. The removal of members and other circumstances caused a suspension of services. The society disbanded, and the
of the Reformed denomination.
Not a few baptized by
house has been converted

ST.
to other uses.
her pastors have occupied positions of honor and usefulness

in
the varied walks of
life.
Martin
Van Buren was an

Within her
walls
Paul's church (episcopal) of kinderuook.

services of the Episcopal church were
fall
habitual attendant upon her services.
he
The
first
regularly
in
was baptized, and thence was borne

eral sons
to burial.
Among
sevis
held in Kinderhook in the
of 1850.
These resulted
given to the ministry, the most widely known
the organization of the present society, Jan. 18, 1851.

attractive house of worship
An
in
Dr. C. V. A.
Van Dyck,
the honored missionary in Syria,
was soon
after
commenced
and one of the translators of the Arabic Bible.

It is not
ized,
the village of Kinderhook, which was consecrated June 22,
but
it
known when the was many years

its
first
Sabbath-school was organ-
1852, by Rev. Carlton Chase.

Tiffany, preached the
first
The
rector.
Rev. Fred. T.
ago.
There was
its
also an
serinofi after the consecration,
effi-
cient missionary society here, but

all
members have nearly

at present about
June 27, 1852, and remained with the church

2,
until
July
passed
away and
records have been scattered.
1856.
Since that period the rectors and officiating ministers of
The
village Sabbath-school
numbers
one
fifty
hundred and
volumes.
Officers
thirty, with a library
of three hundred and
the parish have been as follows
Rev. RoUa 0. Page, 1856;
It has for years supported a catechist in India.
58
Rev. Porter Thomas, 1859-62
Rev. George Z. Gray,
of the
church
Pastor,
Edward A.
Collier
Elders, Christopher H.
Wendover, Nicholas W. Harder,

;
Jacob F. Platner, JIanson Van Schaack

S. Hoes,
Deacons, Peter
1862-65; Rev. John Rutherford, 1866-67; Rev. Edward Hale, officiating minister, 1870, died March 17, 1871 Rev. William Henry Capers, 1871-72 Rev. Newton Dex;
V.
S.
James Mix, John H. Van Valkcnburgh, William Beekman Treasurer, William H. llainey Sunday; ;
ter,
1876-78; Rev.
S.
Hanson Coxe, 1878.

hundred and
fifty
In 1872 the chapel was rebuilt and very much beautified.

It has sittings for one
school Superintendent, J. S. Hosford.
Several of these are
persons,
and
is
descendants of the
first
recorded
officers
of the church in
valued, with the rectory adjoining, at six thousand dollars.
1716-17.
The
parish has fifty-five members.
THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP KINDERHOOK

became
tees
a
THE AFRICAN BETHEL METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP KINDERHOOK VILLAGE

was organized was
son,
effected
in
legal
body July 24, 1843.
The
following trusaffiiirs
1855, and
in
1858 a
legal
organization
J.
were chosen to attend to the temporal

:
of the
by electing John H. Smith, Ephraim

trustees,
Simpand
John N. Stickles, Jesse Merwin, Francis W. Bradley, Henry Snyder, Andrew H. Kittle, and William Thomas. These appointed a building-comchurch
J. B. Jenkins,
and Peter Burgert
under the church laws of

present the
the State.
The
first
pastor was Rev. Lewis L. Lewis,
there were sixteen members.

seventy, and the pastor
is
mittee,
composed of F.
W.
Bradley, J. N. Stickles, and J.
number is The SabRev. D. K. Jackson.

society has sittings for
At
B. Jenkins,
who
erected a small meeting-house in the east-
bath-school has forty members, superintended by George

Post.
ern part of the village of Kinderhook, in 1844.

this
In 1871
The
chapel
fifty
owned by the
one
house was enlarged to afford accommodations for three

it is
hundred and
one thousand
persons, and has an estimated value of
hundred persons, and

ship,
now an
is
inviting house of wor-
dollars.
whose estimated value
four thousand five hundred
dollars.
THE
services of the
to
ST.
LUKE's LUTHERAN CHURCH OP KINDERHOOK,

was organized with twenty-four members,
in
The
Methodist church were held in the

it
at Valatie,
town prior
1843, but that year
became
separate
182G, by the Rev. Jacob Berger.
The
first
official
board
JÂTHANVfiLD.
NATHAN WILD
waa born at Manchester, England,
in the
year 1790.
He
mills
and water-power on
the Valatie
creek, where,
in
and
his brother
James came
to this country early in the
1828, they built a brick factory for sixty looms (a large

mill at that time).
present century, and were identified with the history of

cotton manufacturing for nearly
fifty
In 1833 the Kinderhook Manufacturdissolved,
years.
His
first
em-
ing
Company was
Mr. Wild taking the property
ployment was with the Slaters of Rhode Island, and then

with his brother at Columbiaville, in this county.
In 1817
on the Valatie creek.
In 1845 he vLsited England, and
soon after his return he erected a factory for ten thousand

spindles and two hundred looms.
he
settled at Valatie, forming,
with his
associates,
BenjaManunow
He
continued in busi-
min Baldwin and James Wardle,

facturing
the Kinderhook
ness
till
1858.
his
Company, and began the spinning of cotton yarn

in the mill
Mr. Wild was one of the most enterprising men of

time.
spirit in
fare,
and weaving cotton shirting by hand-looms
His prompt
promoting
and honorable dealing,
his
public
known
till
as the Davis paper-mill.
This process was continued
all
improvements
for,
for the general wel-
about the year 1825, when the power-loom was intro-
his active
sympathy
and just dealings with, his

very
the
duced.
employees through his long business career, were

first
Mr. Wild started the

this State.
power-loom that was run
in
prominent
traits
of his
all
character,
and won
for
him
Under
his energetic
management the Kinder-
respect and esteem of
who knew him.
hook Manufacturing Company became the owners of the
He
died in 1867, at the age of seventy-seven years.

was composed of Peter T. Van Slyck, John I. Van Buren, Jacob Goodemort, Adum and John M. Pultz, trustees
;
NEW YORK.
Ness, and L. Lunt
;
233
Davis, F.
Van
Deacons, L. Phelps and
William Alston.
Trimper, and Tunis Sour, elders
and George Tator, John
The
ing,
pastors of the church have been Revs.

J.
David Cush-
P. Marquart, and George M. Pultz, deacons.
Washington Roosevelt,
Slocum, J. E. Rockwell, S.
meeting-house was erected about the time the church
R. Dimmock, William Whittaker, C. T. Berry, George 0.

Phelps, J. C. Boyd, ani (in 1878) Samuel Carlile.
was organized, which was remodeled in 1854. It is a substantial edifice, having accommodations for three hundred
and
fifty persons,
In 1871, during the pastorate of Rev. George 0. Phelps,

a great revival occurred, resulting in more than one hundred
and
is
valued at nine thousand dollars.
The
clerfry
connected with the church, as pastors and

Revs. Jacob
Berger,
and eight additions
to the
church membership.
stated supplie.s, have been
Reuben
flourishing Sunday-school, having two
hundred and
Alexander
Deidiieh, J. F. Smith,
Wm.
D. Strobel, M. Sheleieh,
W.
thirteen
members,
is
is
maintained by the church.

It has
W.
Gulick, Irving Magee, T.
W.
Bird,
John
C. S. Weils, J.
Abbott
the superintendent.
a library of
more
L. Harkey, J.
Zimmerman, and (1878)

officers
P. F. Sutphen.
fifty
than three hundred volumes.
The church
has about one hundred and

:
members,
Silvernail,
THE VALATIE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

was incorporated March
9,
and the following
Trustees,
E.
;
H.
Elders, John James H. Kingman, W. H. Silvernail Huyck, James Van Slyck, Fred. W. Miller; Deacons,
1835, having as trustees John
Penoyer, Stephen Moorehouse, David Lant, Francis Scher-
Stephen
I.
Pultz,
William J. White, Benjamin Baldwin.

having
eighty members, under the
is
merhorn, John B. Stceves, Joseph Lawrence, and William
Sunday-school,
M. Wilcox.
sons
it is
meeting-house, erected in 1844, has been
superintendence of the pastor,
maintained.
remodeled, and has sittings for two hundred and forty per;
worth
five
thousand
dollars,
and the parsonage
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF VALATIE

was organized, Sept.
6,
adjoining two thou.sand dollars.
1833, as the
'
Second Reformed
it
Church of Kinderhook."
In January, 1835,
became a
The present trustees are Peter P. Van Slyck, Isaac Miller, Thomas Mesick, Lucas Shaver, and J. W. Merwin. The church has ninety-eight
pastoral
Presbyterian body, having as elders George Brown, George

deacons, Jacob D. HoffP. Horton, John G. Schoemaker man, Anthony J. Pulver, and Henry G. Seism.
;
members, under the

Heath.
care of the
Rev. C. A. S.
Other pastors of the church have been Elijah
Crawford, J. N. Schaffer, P. R. Stover, R. T. Wade, C. C.

Bedell, A. A. Farr, J.
The
first
church
edifice
was erected
in
1834, at a cost
dollars.
W.
Belknap, William Clark, J.
W.
is
of three thousand two hundred and sixteen
It
Quinlan, M. D. Jump, and J. C. Fenton.

is
a frame, forty-five by sixty-six feet, and was used

society until June, 1878,
by the
in
good Sunday-school, having one hundred members,
when
it
became the property of

the
lot
charge of the pastor.
the village for a public hall.
THE
in
ST.
John's
roman catholic church
The
county.
present edifice
It stands
is
one of the handsomest
of Valatie was formed as the result of missionary labors
on a large and beautifully-located
from the
Roach.
jjarish
of Coxsackie, by Fathei-s Finncgan and

erected a plain frame church, in the
in the northern part of the village,

fall
and was begun

laid
in the
The former
is
of 1877, the
comer-stone
being
October 18;
11, 1878.
western part of Valatie, standing on two acres of ground.
and the house was ready

It
is
for consecration
June
There
also a
good parsonage near the church, the

six thousand doUai-s.
in
esti-
a brick structure, trimmed with blue limestone, and

after
mated value of both being
was designed
an old
German
cathedral.
feet,
It consists of
About 1871
a parish
was formed, and placed

spiritual
care of
a main building forty-one by sixty-five

at its
and a chapel
feet,
Rev. John J. Brennan, who was the

people until 1874.
guide of this
eastern end twenty-five by

it
fifty-three
and so
Since that period. Rev. M. J. Griffith

office.
arranged that
may be used
in
connection with the main
has held the priestly
The
parish
now
includes the
room.
slate.
The
roofs are steep,
and covered with variegated

is
churches at Stuyvesant and Stuyvesant
Falls,
and has seven
In front of the building

is
a massive brick tower,
hundred communicants.
through which
the main entrance to the church, and at

is
the north end of the main vestibule

for the use of
a covered driveway
THE NIVERVILLE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

and society was organized
tees
in
occupants of carriages
are
finely
in
unpleasant weather.
contain
beautiful
September, 1877, with Trus-
The windows
stained glass.
shaped, and
Lucas Vandcnburgh, John Raeder, Bradley Nichols,

and R. H. Reynolds.
very neat chapel was built by the society, and dedi-
The
ceiling of
the church and the wainis
J. D. Reynolds,
scoting are of plain spruce wood, and other wood-work

finely finished in natural colors.
A
cated
It
Nov. 29, 1877, by the Rev. F. Widmer, of Rome.
The house
ises,
is
lighted by gas manufactured on the premits
can accommodate one hundred and eighty persons, and
and
is
in all
arrangements complete and conveniIt
cost two thousand two
hundred and
fifty dollars.
ent,
having accommodations for seven hundred persons.
Before the formal organization of this church preaching
was erected under the direction of Charles H. Housmaii,

D. Strain, and H. L. Miller, as a building committee,
cost of thirteen thousand dollars.
at a
was held here
at the school-house, in
connection with the

It
is
charges at Valatie and North Chatham.
at
present
is
served with the latter place, and the Rev. J. G. Fallon

:
The
stync,
present officers of the church are
Trustees, Charles
the pastor of the
fifty
members composing the church.

a
Wild, A. Magee, M. M. Miller, P.
Blullier,
James Van AlPeterson, C. F.
Hiram Shufelt superintends

seventy-five members.
Sunday-school
having
and J. B. Richmond
Elders, J.
W.
3U

234
NEW
YORK.
in the
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
DAVID W. GARDENIER
was born on the 17th of November, 1812, in Kinderhook, at the old family homestead, built in 1753 by his father's
uncles.
date,
and
is
one of the oldest family residences
town.
is
It has stood the storms of a century

still
and
a f[uarter,
and
a good and substantial structure.

in
Mr. Gardenier married

dict,
1843 Miss Elizabeth A. Bene-
who
died April
13,
1855, leaving two children,
Aaron B. Gardenier, an attorney and counselor at law, residing at Valatie, Columbia Co., N. Y., and Mary R.
Gardenier.
The
place has remained in the family since the above
OLAVERACK.
CLAVER.4.CK waa One of the
county.
It
original divisions of the
flats,
which are subject

little
to the overflow
is
from spring freshets,

Eastern creek
It
is
was formed
as a
district
March
24,
1772,
and but
water-power
afforded.
is
and
at
that time constituted

all
the lower part of Albany
the main tributary of Claverack creek.
an impetuous
county, embracing
the territory lying south of Kinder-
mountain-stream, rising
in
the Taghkanic range in Hillsdale,
hook and King's district, and north of the manor of LivIn 1782, ingston, which was then in Dutchess county.
Hillsdale was set off on the east, and in
tory lying west of Claverack creek
and flows west through the northeastern part of the town.

Its descent
from the
foot-hills at
Philmont
is
characterized
1785
all
the terriit
was taken from
to
by several cataracts of great height and surprising beauty. Nothing but a greater volume of water is required to distinguish them as being
form the city of Hudson.
It
thus became an interior divi-
among
the grandest water-fixlls in the
sion, a little south of the centre of the county.
On
the
country.
is
Near the centre of the town, flowing westward,

in
7th of March, 1788, Claverack was erected as a town, and

in
another good mill-stream, and
the southern part are
1818
it
was reduced
to its present area, thirty

acres,
thousand
several large brooks, the principal one of which flows into
two hundred and twenty-four
by the formation of the
Copake creek near

man's pond
is
its
union with the Claverack.
HoffIt
town of Ghent.
Claverack (Claw'-ve-rack)
erally a clover reach or field
is
near the southeast corner of the town.

is
a Dutch terra, signifying
lit-
has an area of about seventy-five acres, and

very deep.
Its eastern
in
places
(Dutch, rnchen), and was ap-
banks arc high and rocky, but on
plied to this country
by the discoverer of the Hudson and
the west and south the lake has a dry and gravelly beach, be-
his followers, on account of the presence of the indigenous
yond which
are fertile lands.
The waters
flats,
of the pond are
white clover which covered the comparatively bare land so

as to resemble fields.
discharged into Copake creek by means of a small outlet.
Others suppose that the name was

trefoil
Along these streams

and of surpassing
the uplands
are alluvial
easily cultivated,
suggested by the fancied resemblance to
of these
fertility,
the luxuriance of their products
bare places, or bluffs of land, in sight of the river.

the nature of the country at that time, the former
From
is
being excelled by no other part of the county.

is
The
soil
of
the
not so
fertile, but,
with
skillful cultivation,
it is
more probable reason
for the
name.
Along the streams
yields rich returns.
In the western part of the town
were extensive glades but sparsely timbered by copses of

thorn-apple and other wild-fruit shrubbery, and
somewhat
but
in
clayey,
which adapts that section best

it
for grass,
much
of
other portions
varies from an argillaceous
loam
to
the land was altogether bare, or used by the Indians for the
cultivation of maize.
a gravelly or a clear loam,
and produces the common cereals
Beyond Claverack
tile
creek, in the east-
and the hardier
varieties of fruit in great abundance.
ern and southern parts of
town, the surface has greater
Claverack was comprised in the purchase made by Killian
diversity, appearing in the form of hills of
moderate height
is
Van
Rensselaer in 1G30, and until 1704 was subject to
and extensive
intervals.
The
to
general surface
elevated
the general conditions of the Rensselaerwyck.
That year
and
sufficiently
undulated
afford good natural drainage.
the patroon conveyed to his brother Ilendrick a large tract
The
natural features of the
town present a very pleasing

it
of land in the southern part of his manor, called by the
aspect,
and the many
fine
surroundings constitute
one of
Indians
l^nl
Kuke, and which

It
in
the Dutch language was

all
the most attractive regions of the State.
described as Claverack.
its
comprised
is
of the original
to
The
taries.
principal streams are Claverack creek and
trilmits
division
known by
that name, and
.said
have included
This territory
to
The former
enters the
town from the north, near

to its
one hundred and seventy thousaud
acres.
centre,
and has a soutliwcst<.Mly course

creek, on the western
junction with
;
was erected into the lower manor of Rensselaerwyck,

distinguish
it
Cdpake
it
boundary of the town
thence
from the old manor, by John Van Ren.sselaer,
flows northward to the Kinderhook, in the town of Stock-
a son of Hendrick,
who was known

were
as the
invited,
first projirietor
port.
Both streams have low banks, bordered by extensive
of
Claverack.
Settlements
and
perpetual

leases were given for ihe land thus occupied.
NEW
YORK.
235
In conse-
and
is
quence of the vagueness of the Massachusetts boundary

Hue, squa-ters from that State took possession of a portion
of the tract.
descendant.
now owned by A. H. Van Rensselaer, a maternal Not far from the Conyns was the Van Dusen
was prominent
in
family, which
the early history of the

.
At
a later day
some of the tenants or
lease-
town.
Cornelius
Van Dusen was
killed
by the
anti-
holders became disaflFected, and serious disturbances resulted.
renters in 1791.
These troubles, and the conditions pertaining thereto, are

treated at length in the general history of the county.
It
must not be supposed, however, that
The Esselstynes came to America in 1660, and in 1710 member named Jacob settled in the central part of Claverack. One of his sons, Richard, was a major in the
a
Continental army, and died the year peace with England
THE SETTLEMENT OF CLAVERACK

did not begin until after 1704.
It appears
was declared.
1680,
Among
his sons were Jacob
and Cornelius.
from the journal
The former remained on
the homestead, and was the grand-
of two Labadist
priests,
who
visited this section in
father of the present owner, Tobias Esselstyne,
who
is in
that in the vicinity of Claverack village there were at that
the sixth generation of the family that has occupied this

place,
time fine farms and other evidences indicating early possession.
and which has never been

descendants
in
any other name.
Some
But no data can be found

It
is
as to the
names of these
of the
of the
Cornelius
Esselstyne branch
" boors" (farmers), and whether they subsequently removed

or remained in town.
became prominent
citizens of the county.
not improbable that some of

prior to the period
in
One branch
of the numerous and well-known Jliller family,
the immigrants to
New
the
Netherlands
still
named
above, whose names are
perpetuated in the town,

priests
to-
Claverack and Hudson, originated from Cornelis Stephanis Muldor, who obtained a lease of one thousand acres of
may have composed

speak, and that
community of which these

first settlers.
land east of the village of Claverack in 1718, a large portion of
some of the ancestors of the people of
which
his
is
yet in possession of his direct descendants.

Christophel, and
day were among the very
Four of
inducements
It
sons, Jeremias, Stephanis,
The
to
settlement of the town was slowly made, and even
after the patroon
had held out his
flattering
in
all
the sturdy Lowlanders was
meagre
numbers.
who was an aged man, and settled in various parts of the town. From the first named have come the Judge John I. Miller branch and
Killianem, came with their father,
others living in the northern part of the town and in Ghent.
appears from the census of 1714 that in
Claverack there
were hut two hundred and sixteen persons, and that nineteen of these were slaves.
Among
olution.
the children of Stephanis was Cornelius
S.,
who
The
large proportion of children
was a member of the committee of safety during the RevHis farm was south of the village of Claverack, and included the house now occupied by Jeremiah M. This building was Race, who is a maternal descendant.
erected in 17G7, and being a very substantial structure, the
cellar
given in the
families,
list
indicates
that there were
many young
whose settlement must have been comparatively
recent.
A
may
few of those who lived in the town about that

be briefly noted.
period
After Hcndrick
Van
Rensselaer had received his land,
was used
to confine
the troublesome Tories of this

S.,
he removed
as
to it
with his family and such of his friends

to leave the older
vicinity in
1776-79.
Stephen Miller, a son of Cornelius
he could induce
community
at
Albany.
He
was active
in
promoting the establishment of a church

for the
was taken prisoner by the Indians in the Revolution, and held by the British about six months, when he eflected his
escape.
place.
and other measures

not seek the
good of the
settlers,
and did
full benefits
of his lordly privileges.

first to
His
son,
He afterwards lived He was the ancestor
on the present
Van Wyck
latter
of Judge Theodore Miller,

C.
Miller.
John, seems
leges,
to
have been the
exercise these privi-
Hon. John Gaul, and Henry

sheriff'
The
was
and was known

I.,
as the proprietor of the town.
One
of the county in 1844, and arrested " Big Thunder"

that
year.
of his sons, John

sold
succeeded to the manorial rights, and

family.
at
Hollowville
Christophel
was the greatattorney of
them out of the

by
this
The
latter w;ts the father of
grandfather of Killian Miller,

distinguished note.
who became an
Gen. Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer.

erected
The manor-house
is
branch of the family
a mile east from
Claverack
S.
Miller.
village,
and
is
at present the property of
Allen
early,
Another branch of the Millers came from Holland very and found homes in one of th > lower counties of the
Before the Revolution some of their descendants
the eastern part of Claverack, where their posthe
Others of the
Stottsville
now
is,
owning
for
Van Rensselaers lived where many years a large tract of

Van Rensis
State.
settled in
terity
land in that locality.
portion of this, in Claverack, on
have since resided, and are esteemed among
the Union turnpike, yet belongs to Jacob F.

selaer, a
leading citizens of the town.

traces its descent
third family of that

Its
name
lineal
descendant in the sixth generation, and
from Germany.
descendants live in
the only land of the old patroon's broad domain that has
the neighborhood of Meilcnville.
never been out of the family.
The Ten Broeck

town.
family
is
one of the most ancient in

son-in-law of Hendrick
About 1715 many of the Palatines and others on the Among these Livingston manor removed to Claverack. were the Conyns, who settled in the neighborhood of Humphreyville. Casparus Cunyn was a captain in a provincial regiment, and warmly espoused the American cause in the
Revolution.
section,
Samuel Ten Broeck
w;is a
Van who
Rensselaer, and the grandfather of
Adam Ten
On
Broeck,
served
all
through the Revolution.
the 26th of
June, 17G6, Cornelius Tun Broeck

renters.
wa.s killed
by the
anti-
In
17GG he erected a large house

in
in that
The
Philip fomily also came

four
brothers,
from
Germantown.
It
which yet stands
good condition.
It is a
gam-
comprised
David, from
George, William,
Henry, and
brcl-roofcd structure of brick, two and a half stories high.
whom
have descended those bearing that name.
236

in
NEW
YORK.
I
George was a captain

olution,
the American
army
in
the Rev-
but when I beard you was moving North,

till
was Determined
to
wait
and was
commissary of subsistence.
Michael Horton also held
heard your sentiments and Advice
in the matter.
Mrs. Morris
joins
The Hortons came from England, and became connected

with the Pliiiips by marriage.
a commission in the American army, and was at the Saratoga engagement.
me
in
our best Respects
to
Mrs. Clinton when you sec her, and

friends none
is
be Assured,
my
tJood Sir,
among your many

Servt.,
more
Really pleased wilh the Ilonble Testimony your Country bears for
you than your

" If
I
AfiTe.
Hum.
Rn. Moiiuis.
cannot see you, do Lett me have the pleasure of Hearing from
jou.
The Hogebooms were

lian
early
and important members of

Holland some time after
" Direct to the
Care of Henry Ludlow,
Jr., at
Claverack."
the Claverack settlement, and were the descendants of Kil-
Hogeboom, who
Another
cauie from
It
is
related of
Richard Morris that when the news of

on the adjoining
1712, bringing his son Jeremiah,

with him.
son,
who was born
that year,
the treaty of peace with England came, he procured a barrel
Johannes, was born
in Claverack, to
of tar and
made
a bonfire of
it
hill.
It is
and
w;is
the ancestor of the
Hogebooms who removed
also reported that
Robert Morris had a cannon, which he

oflF
Ghent.
regiment
Jeremiah Hogeboom was the colonel of a provincial

in
was accustomed and that

Bob."
to fire
on
this hill
it
on Independence day,
the
1772, and the father of Captain Stephen Hoge-
boom, who
was the grandfather of James Watson Webb.

Peter, another
name of " Mount The Ludlows came from New York about the
this circumstance gave
son of Stephen's, Killian, was in charge of the post-ofl5ce
same time
as the Morrises, and settled at Claverack village,

live.
station in Claverack after the Revolution.
where some of the descendants yet
In the southern
son of Jeremiah, became a well-known citizen of Hudson.

Corneliu-s, a son of
liist
part of the town, Christopher Hagadorn,
John An<lerson,
Johannes Hogeboom, and cousin of the

first sheriffs
Frederick Prosseus, and Johannes Rossman settled before
named, was one of the

killed
of the county, and
1750, and
in
some instances the descendants of these names

first
was
yet possess the laud of their
ancestors.
while in the discharge of his duty, Oct. 22,

son,
1791.
inent
His
John
State,
C.,
became one of the most promjurists of the country.
Among
the
Plass,
others residing in Claverack prior to
men of the
and was the father of Judge Henry
Hess, Williams,
1776 were Webb, Martin, Race, Spoor, Ham,

representatives in the fourth
Hogeboom, one of the foremost
Whitbeck, Melius, Gardner, Monell, and Vosburgh

most of
The Mesick
as a lieutenant's
families,
family deserves a place in this connection,
whom have
one of the oldest and best known.
Peter Mesick held
and
fifth
generations yet living in town, and are closely
commission from Cadwallader Coldeii, dated

officer in
identified with its interests.
1702, and also served as an

distinguished
the Revolution.
The
The names
ment of
of
many
other early citizens appear in the
Van
Ness, Storm, Sagcndorph, Vanderpoel,
published muster-roll of Colonel Jeremiah Hugoboom's regimilitia, in
Ostrander, Jacobie, and

early settlers in
Harder families were among the

part of the town, and their
1772, which was composed largely of

list,
the northern
men
residing in Claverack, in the civil
and
in
the histo
successive generations have always ranked
among
tories of the churches.
They
are here omitted
avoid
the forerepetition,
most
citizens
of Claverack and the

the
flats
surrounding
and
it
is
believed that these and the foregoing

prior to the Revolution.
towns.
Farther south, and on
embrace
of the Claverack, the
all
who came
is
As they
Herdick,
lies
Van De settled. The

Near by
Carr, Delameter,
latter is
and Van Hoesen famiivs
number
several hundred, the possibility of an extended per-
mw
known
it
sonal notice
unavoidably precluded.
the Mosely place,
and the house which stands on

1700.
lived
was erected soon after

in
Judah Paddock,
Hoesen
house
in
a house which
The population of the town in 1875 was 3817. Of this number 2044 were females, and 352 had a foreign birth.
ranks with the Van

architecture.
age and general
THE CIVIL OOVERN.MENT

of Claverack began with
old county of Albany,
its
This became the property of Robert Jlorris

is
formation as a
24, 1772.
district, in
the
some time before ISOO, and

Jordan.
now
the property of William
March
Before that time

in a
son of Morris, Robert H., became a distin-
the affairs of the people wore managed
domestic way,
guished attorney and mayor of

grandfather of the
latter
New York
the
city.
The
to
under the general direction of the patroon and some of the

leading men, selected for this purpose.
these were
was Richard Morris, who came

on
in
At
a later period
Claverack in
177(J,
settling
Waldo
farm.
The
from
is
known
as the
committee of safety or tithing-mon.
Morris family was very noted

espoused the American cause,
those times, and, having

to
flee
was obliged
have not been preserved, and the records of the

town, before 1S:!4, have been destroyed.
a
full
Very unfortunately, the transactions of these committees district and

Their
loss
their home in New York city. Tlie state of the country shown from the following rare letter of Richard Morris
his " Excellency
makes
to
history of a most interesting period impossible, as the
George Clinton, Esq.,
att
Albany"
2.-),
data can be supplied from no other source.

1777.
Nothing but
the
"August
"
the names of .some of the principal town
officers, after
.Sin. Wlu-n [ hcnnl you was going lo Alby. I flivttorcd Litllerhatmy Cttagc might possibly Eiileitain yuu one night, which woulil have given infinite pleasure both to Mrs. Jlorris
r..M)
Mv
organization of the county, can be given in this connection.
inysflf a
These, since 178G, have been as follows:
an.l myself.
am
sell
ilown upon a farm about two miles north of the

t
town of Claverack,
half a mile from
it,
liut
think too near the river, not being .above

if
it
where,
is
possible in your return,
must
begg
to
to sto
you.
wouliI sett out in the

I
morning
to
pay
my
respects
at night
you
at
Albany, Imt
I liavc
am
really al'rai<l to leave
my House
lor fear of those
Rascally lory Robbers that are Rambling about the
had a very bail opinion of our .Mfairs to the North, and had some thoughts of sending some of my things south again,
country.
Hogeboom, till 1700; George C. Hogeboom, 1799-18U0; George Monell, lS(ll-0; Peter Mesick, 1807-lC; Anthony Boucher, 1817-23; John Martin, Jr., 1824; Jacob P. Mesick, 1825-26; John Martin, 1827; Abraham Jordan, 1828; Leonard Freeland, 1829-30; Philip W.
Supervisors.
Monell,
Stephen
John
1701-98;
Pulver, 1831-33.
.-
-VJJWflr^^ -
S-^
A^. ^
^^
7^
ilLMONf,
COLUMBIA CO
NY
Coach ôuse
BY
I*
EVEffTS
ICO rM
L* Â

SuperTisora.
NEW YORK.
Humphreys.
1815.
237
Harman Sagendorph.
Jacob C. Platner. David Wnger.
.Martin
1834,4Philip
AV-.
Pulv
Town Clerks. Justices. Ambrose S. Russell W. H. Race. Ambrose Root.

E.
1801. David
Peter
Van
I.
Rensselaer.
1804. Martin
H.Hoffman.
Miller.
1S35. 1S36.
W. Stannard.
Cornelius Race.
George H. Tator. Solomon C. Barton. Edw'd Sagendorph. John Milham.

Peter Snyder.
John
H. Hoffman.
William P. Van Ness.
1818. Jacob P. .Mesick.
Jacob Mesick. 1808. David Humphrey.

.Anthony Boucher.
John Martin.
1837. Stephen Slorm.
"
"
Harmon Sagendorph.
1821.
1S38.
1839.
John Martin.
" "
John
P. Mesick.
Stejjhcn Storm.
George P. Philip. Sylvanus Smith.
David Wager.
John
1810.
I.
Mesick.
P. .Mesick.
John I. Rossman. Anthony Poucher. Jacob P. Mesick.
1840.
John Milham.
Jerome B.
Tuttle.
1841. Win.
W.
Rockefeller.
Wm.
J. Miller.
Edw'd Sagendorph. Ambrose S. Russell.

George P. Philip. Edward Gernon.
Henry
Harman Sagendorph.
John Martin, 18:7. John Martin.
Jr.
Richard Storm.
Calvin Brookins.
1842. Samuel Rowley. 1843. 1844.
Ambrose Root.
" "
David
C. Neefus.
Jonathan Pinsley.
1813.
Jacob P. Mesick.
J 'hn Poucher.
He.iry G. Emerick. William W. Rockefeller.
Fred. N. Mesick.
1845. Milton Martin.
1846.
John B. Sharpe. ErastusW. Stannard. Harvey Richmond. George Decker.
Henry
P. Mesick.
Joseph Horton.
1815. J.acob P. Mesick.
Calvin Brookins.
1847.
Ambrose
S. Russell
Edward Gernon.
Ambrose Root.
David C. Neefus.
Elbridge G. Studley.
1848.
CLAVERACK ROADS.
From
an old parchment-bound book, dated 1772, we
1849.
Obed Gardner.
Obed Gardner.
1850. Frederick Mesick.

1851.
George Decker. Edward Gernon.

Jer. H.
Sagendorph.
learn that the road commissioners appointed Feb. 6, 1773,
1852. Peter Poucher.
were Robert Van Rensselaer, Peter Van Ness, Casparus
1853.
1854. 1855.
John n. Dickie.
Anson Martin.
Ebon'r F. Bartlett.
Philip J. Shufelt.
Conyn, Isaac Vosburgh, John Van Alen,

Richard
Esselstyn,
W. H.
Ludlow,
and
Peter Whiting.
T.V.C.VRensselaer, C. C. Shaver.
Henry
first
Dibble,
Martin
Kruni,
1856.
1857.
Edward
L.
Dcmare
James
J. Studley.
Andrew Sagendorph.
J.
Abram The
roads
:
Cailey.
record of the
"
survey,
1858.
1859.
Samuel M.
Miller.
Nicholas
..
Race.
Peter Mesick.
James
J. Studley.
H. Sagendorph. Richard S. Simon. Tobias Esselstyn.

Martin.
P. Horton.
One
certain road, beginning at the

;
made June 22, 1773, now dwelling-
house of Bartholomew Ileth

roads run
to the
thence northerly so as the
1860.
Abram
Henry
Charles G. Melius.
now along the
east side of the meeting-house
now dwelling-house of John McKinstry, and
so run-
1861.
1862.
Wra. H. Melius.
Charles G. Melius.
Stephen Storm.
ning into the Albany road."
1863. 1864. 1865.
Henry
P. Horton.
Ten more roads were

worthy of reproduction
located the sanie year, but the di-
Abram Martin.
G.
(j.
rections are so vaguely described that they are not

in
Wm.
11.
Van
Tussell Elbridge G. Studley.
this
connection.
1866.
1867.
Robert Bennett.
Hermance.
P.
1868. Allen S. Millei

1869. Nelson P.
1870.
Henry Ab'm R.VanDeuscn Edw'd

,
records are equally unsatisfactory and ub.scure.
Horton.
deemed The later The Althe old
L. A'andeboe.
bany road above referred

" Post road," from
direction through this
to
is
better
known
as
Ake
Ruluf Neefus.
Aug. W, Lasher.
Robert Bennett.
New York
town
is
it,
city to
Albany.
Its general
along Claverack creek, a mile

first
1871. 1872. 1S73.

1874.
Henry P. Horton. Sylvanus Lockwood.

Robert Bennett. Elbridge G. Studley.
and a half
and
exst
from
It
on the
elevation above the
flats,
Henry P. Horton. Edw. L. Dcmarcst. Henry

P. Horton.
Wm.
H. Melius.
or meadow-lands.
at certain
formed a very important thoroughfare,
Ruluf Neefus.
seasons was lined with teams going to the

the
1875. 1876.
1877.
Wm.
H. Melius.
David Henry
C. Neefus.
metropolis with
produce
of the
northern
counties.
P. Horton.
NeUon
P.
Aken.
With
yet
it
the building of the railroads and increased shipping
Sylvanus Lockwood.
John Sagendorph.
George M. Harder.
Jeremiah M. Storm. David Yiin Dcusen.
facilities
on the river these conditions have become changed,
still,
forms one of the principal roads of the town.

is
1878. Peter S. Pulver.
John S. Colgrove. David C. Neefus.
The
to
first
road
crossed, near the northwest corner of the

its
Abrum
town, by the Union turnpike in
course from
Chatham
e.'ceris
Martin.
Hudson.
The
privileges of the
company
are yet
cised on this part of the turnpike,
and the roadway
kept
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

1786.
in excellent condition.
Jiast from
Hudson runs
the route
Henry
P.
Van
Rensselaer.
1792. Claude Delameter.
of the Columbia turnpike.
It passes
through Claverack
Stephen Hogeb.jom.
Peter Wismore.
Israel Spencer.
1795. Stephen
Lawrence Hogeboom. Hogeboom.

Israel Spencer.
south of the centre of the town, crossing the Post road at
Claverack village
thence east through
Hollowville and
Peter Hogebroora, Jr.
1789.
James Martin. Henry P. Van Rensselaer. Stephen Hogeboom.

Peter Wismore.
Is
.1
George Monell. George Philip.

1798. Stephen
Martindale into the town of Hillsdale and ^Massachusetts.

It was,
iti
early times, one of the principal
highways from
Hudson.
Henry
P.
Hogeboom. Vun Rcnsse
the east, and was

section
much
to
patronized by the farmers of that

their
is
Spencer.
George Monell.
Claude Delameler.
1792. Stephen
William Cautinc. John C. IIogebo.)ni. Lawrence Hogelioom.

Peter Mesick.
who had
draw
produce
to
The
western part of this road
yet controlled by the turnpike

early road
company.
Another important
was located along

the
the course of the north branch of Claverack creek, on
Hogeboon
1801
John C. Hogeboon
Tobias L. Hogeboi
Israel Spencer.
north side of that stream, the general direction being northeast.
George Monell.
Jehoiakim
Miller.
In a modified form this highway yet remains.
The
238

railroad follows
its
NEW
YORK.
It
Hudson and Boston

and
lias
general direction,
pleted until 1798.
was used by the county
until
1805,
It is a
stations at Claverack
in
and Mellenville.
The
line
when
the seat of justice was removed to Hudson.
has easy gradas
town, and a well-ballasted road-bed

railroad enters the
The
Hillsdi-
very large and almost square brick structure, standing in

the western part of the village, on the north side of the
New York
and Harlem
town from
dale, near the southeast corner,
and has a northwesterly
Columbia turnpike.
stood the old
jail,
little to
the rear of the court-house

to
rection into the town of Ghent,
where
it
converges with the
from which two men were taken
be
former railroad.
On
the line there are stations at Philin the
hanged, by order of the court, on the branches of a neighboring

tree,
mont ami Martindale,
town of Claverack.
for the
crime of horse-stealing.
The
court-
room
itself
was the theatre of several important

to the pleadings
intellects the legal profession
trials,
and
THE UNION CE.METERY

embraces ten acres of ground, pleasantly located
ville,
its
walls
have resounded
In the
in
of some of the
has produced in
at
Mellen-
most gigantic
this country.
on the Philmont road.

it
It
is
neatly inclosed, and other
last trial
conducted there, Alexander
improvements have made

are controlled by the
an attractive spot.
The grounds
Hamilton appeared
a case between the patroon and his

all
Union Cemetery Association, organized Aug. 20, 1860, with the following trustees: Cornelius Clum, Jacob P. Shufelt, S. Ro^sman, Jeremiah Stever, Cyrus
Groat, F. S. Miller, and G. P. Philip.
Nobletown
tried here,
tenants,
and delighted
by the
brilliant dis-
play of his stately intellect.
In 1803, Dr. Crosswell was Lewis, for a

It
libel
before Chief-Justice
upon
These
cho.se F. S.
President Jefferson, and found guilty.
was here that
Miller president, and G. P. Philip secretary and treasurer.
Elisha Williams, James Spencer, Francis Silvester,
Wm.
These
offices are at
present held by Walter V. Ten Broeck,
W. Van
Ness, the Vanderpoels, and others of great legal

in
president,
and George Southard, secretary and treasurer.

connection with churches
first
eminence engaged one another

difficult legal
the
discussion
of the
At
Claverack, Churchtown, and Martindale are fine cemat
problems of their day.
eteries, in
those places, con-
After various uses, the court-house and the spacious
taining the graves of the
settlers.
There
are, also, a
grounds upon which
it
stands have been transformed into an

is
number of
are
fine private
burying-grounds, and several which
elegant home, which
at present the property of Peter
belonged to families whose descendants have removed that
Hoffman, and there

cate
its
is
now nothing
attaching to
this
it
to indi-
much
neglected.
former use.
On
either
hand of
building,
about the same time, were erected a number of substantial
THE CLAVERACK MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY

was organized
in April, 1857.
residences, which,
though nearly
hundred years
This
old, are
The
first
board of directors
yet in a well-preserved condition.
Eastward eighty rods

too, like
was composed of Frederick S.
Miller,
Wm.
E.
Miller,
was the business centre of the

of the county-seat, and then
formerly attached to
it
place.
the
Wm.
tin,
M.
Miller, F. R. Miller,
John Conklin, Abram Mar-
western cluster of the village, was affected by the removal

lost
W. W.
Merfield, E. L.
Dunn, and Adam Sagendorph.
the importance which had
Frederick S. Miller was chosen president, and

Miller secretary.
Wm.
E.
in this respect.
its
Since
five
it
has been doing business the

risks,
Claverack has never regained

perity, but
it
former business proselevated moral tone,
company has taken

gating $1,167,350.
to
hundred and sixty-one
aggre-
has become noted for
its
$17,482.50.
perous condition.
dent,
The total losses incurred have amounted The aflFairs of the company are in a prosThe present (1878) officers are: Presiand Secretary, George Southard.
and
for the quiet
and comfort which characterizes so many

It
is
of the homes of
its citizens.
the seat of the "
Hudson
fine
River Institute," a school of great celebrity; has three

churches,
sever.il stores
Almon
Miller,
and shops, and contains about four
hundred inhabitants.
THE VILLAGE OF CLAVERACK.

is
Aside from the ordinary mechanical pursuits, Claverack

its immeVan Rensselaer The presplace, have been mills for more than a century. ent " Red mills" were first erected by Gen. Jacob R. Van Rensselaer, but have been much enlarged, and are now
delightfully situated in the western part of the town, on

flats,
has not had any manufacturing interests within

diate
the elevated ground north of the

It
is
on Claverack creek.
bounds.
mile east, on
the old
four miles east from

is
Hudson, on the Columbia turn-
pike, and
a station
on the Hudson and xVlbany railroad.
The agent
ness.
here, since
its
1855, has been J. J. Studley, and
the office and
surroundings are remarkable for their neattrains daily afford

ea.-fy
capacitated to
grind
three hundred bushels of grain per
number of
access to
Hudin
its
day, besides having a run of stone to grind plaster.
P. S.
village
son and the northern points of the county.
Pulvcr
are
is
the present proprietor.
South from the
This
its
locality is
one of the oldest in the county, and
early history
was one of the most important within

it
the ecjually well-known " Stone mills," and one mile southwest was the " Claverack Hosiery-Mill," established
in
bounds.
In 178li
first
was selected
as
the
first
county-seat,
1857, by Robert Aken.

it
It
was successfully operated

fire,
and
at the
meeting of the board of supervisors held
about sixteen years, when

not been rebuilt.
was destroyed by
and has
here, at the house of Gabriel Essjlstyne, provision was

to erect a court-house.
made
Two
thousand pounds was voted for

a
Some time during Dominie Gebhard's

place, as pastor of the
residence at this
this purpose, to be
expended by
I.
committee composed of
Alstyne,
Reformed church, he invented and

a press for extracting the
w.is
oil
William B. Whiting, Abram

ston,
Van
John Living-
had
in successful operation
Henry
I.
Van
Rensselaer,
Matthew
Scott, Seth Jenkins,
from the castor bean, which

extent, and
is
here cultivated to some
and William
II. Ludlow. Sixteen hundred pounds more was subseriuently appropriated, and the house was not com-
said to have derived considerable revenue
from this source.

Cornelius Miller, and others of that family, had brew-
NEW
YORK.
239
1792, a regular
post-office
was established, Elihu C. Good-
houses for the manufacture of the beer of that period

a few lesser interests abounded.
and
rich receiving the appointment of postmaster.

period,
At
a later
Jacob R. Van Rensselaer was appointed, who placed
Stephen Miller
first
is
credited with having kept one of the
the office in charge of
Thomas Sedgewick,
not the
first,
as deputy.
in the practice
stores on the
hill,
half a mile east from the main cor-
Among
the
first, if
to
engage
ners.
He
in
transacted a very heavy business for those times,
of medicine at Claverack was Dr. Walter Vrooman Wimple.
havin<5 also an ashory and other adjuncts to the trade, com-
He
was a surgeon
in the
American army
later,
in
1776, but
re-
mon
those days.
in trade,
Among
On
others,
is
Stephen Van
Wyck
moved
to Claverack a
few years
where he resided until
was here
and the place
now occupied
hill,
as a private
his death, in 1798.

in practice, living
Dr. George Monell was a contemporary
residence by his family.

stores
Claverack
where the
here as early as 1780.
few years later
are
at
present
located,
George
in
Harder followed
Dr. Joseph Mullins was added to the profession, and later

still.
merchandising, and was succeeded
time by
Thomas Sedgeyet
Dr. William Bay.
Aftêr
1800, Drs.
Abram
Jordan,
wick and others.
Several of the early store-houses

sites at this place.
Gerry Rowan, John H. Cole, and S. A. McClellan lived

in
occupy their original
In the vicinity of
the village, and within the last thirty-five years Drs.'
the county buildings were also store and warehouses, the

latter
William Wright, Abram R. Van Deusen, James F. Philip,
being used chiefly for the storage of grain.
Among
city, a
and Thomas Wilson have been

continuing.
in practice, the latter still
the heaviest dealers in that article was William Henry Ludlow,
Members of
the
Gebhard and Bay
families,
who removed
to
this
place from
New York
who
trace their nativity to this town,
became eminent
in
short time before the Revolution.
He
occupied the store-
the medical profession abroad.
house once owned by Gabriel Esselstyne, and after the war

did an extensive business.
this also declined with
In the legal profession, John Bay was an early representative,
In
common with
other interests
having a law-office
at
Claverack
in
1785.
That year,
Claverack
the removal of the county-seat,
and the year following, Ambrose Spencer was one of his

law students.
Hudson thereafter becoming the grain-mart. Numerous taverns abounded, about 1800,
and on the post-road and turnpike
William
W. Van
Ness was born
in
at Claverack,
in
1776, and having attained his manhood, studied law with

In 1797 he opened an
office in
in its vicinity.
Besides
John Bay.
Claverack, but
the regular inns, nearly every large farm-house was thrown
soon after removed to Hudson.
He
died in 1823, and his
open
to
accommodate the extensive

is
travel of that period.
remains now repose in the Claverack cemetery.
General
An
amusing incident
related of
nection.
While on
his
way
to.
Aaron Burr in this conAlbany, from New York, he

to the Essel-
Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer was born

1767.
in
this
town
in
He was
The
a lawyer of great practice at Claverack, and
stopped for dinner at one of these places, kept in a farm-
had among
Monell.
his students
latter
Ambrose
in
L. Jordan and Joseph D.

in
house south of the

stynes.
village,
and now belonging
was born
town
1781, and became
"
The Dutch language was then The good
the
common
one of the most distinguished lawyers
in
Hudson, wfaere he
speech in use in these parts.

called for a napkin.
WJiile Burr was dining, he

hostess did not understand
removed
after completing his studies.

in
Among
others
who
were born
Claverack and
who
attained great eminence in
him, so she called her husband, and they had an earnest

conversation over the puzzling request.
discovered that he wanted a
'
the profession were

Miller,
John
C. and
Henry Hogeboom,
Killian
latter,
At
length they
and William P. Van Ness.
A
in
brother of the
kniptong'
and
so they
brought
John P. Van Ness, who was born

practiced law in the village in 1792.
ington, where he
Claverack
in
1770,
him
It
a pair of sugar
is
pi'/icers,
instead of a napkin."
He removed
to
Wash-
said that in
in
1796 a man named Gordon kept a
became a
millionaire.
famous tavern
electors
the village, and that after the presidential
had
cast their votes at
Hudson they came out
to
PHILMONT.
This flourishing village
from Chatham
is
Claverack to get their dinners.
On
the
old hotel-stand
in the northeastern part
of the
was, in early times, a large white house, having painted on

its
town, about nine miles from Hudson, and the same distance
village.
side in large letters the words "
Columbia Hotel."
For
In
It
is
a station on the
Harlem
rail-
many
years
it
was kept by Phineas Freeland, who became

destruction by
road, and a point of great
and increasing importance on
connected with the place probably as early as 1800.
account of the extensive manufactories located here.
More
one form or other this house stood until

fire
its
than 1,000,000 are invested in the different industries,
in 18tj9, while
occupied by John H. Moore.
A
all
few
which give employment
to
hundreds of men and women.

foot-hills
years later,
site
Henry Lawrence
erected a large hotel on the

it
Philmont has a very pleasant situation on the

of this section, which elevate
it
of the burned building, and supplied
with
the
above the Claverack valley,
appliances of a city house,
making
it
at that time the finest

w;is also
and afford a magnificent view of the rich country below

and the distant cloud-capped
Catskills.
country hotel
in the county.
In 1870 this
burned,
It
is
principally
and the
site
remains unoccupied.
The
building on the
on the north bank of the Eastern, or Ockawamick creek,

a rapid mountain-stream, whose descent to the Claverack
is
opposite corner was formerly used for a tavern, and was
kept at an early day by Julin M. Sclium icher and others.
here marked by a series of

"grcgating
falls
of wonderful beauty, agfifty feet

is
About
178ti, Claverack
became the
post-office station for
more than two hundred and
in
the
af-
this section of the country,
and on the 13th of July of that

the
first
course of half a mile.

forded,
Excellent water-power
still
thus
year Killian Hogeboom, the postmaster, published

list
which has been
further improved and multi-
of letters in the county.
The mail
for
Hud.sori was
plied by a fine system of hydraulics.
This has been the
supplied from this place until 1703.
On
the 31st uf July,
means uf elevating the place from a
injre hamlet, in I8.")0,
240

with a population numbering
NEW
YORK.
to its present fair proportions,
hundred operatives, and producing four hundred dozen of

underwear per day.
to
more
ttian
one thousand.
George P. Philip was the pro-
The
is
quality varies from a fine gauze
jector of this enterprise.
While the
place was yet a
com-
a very heavy weight, for wear in the coldest climate.
parative forest, in
IS-t."),
he caused a large
dam
to
be erected
Mr. Aken's success

rendered
intendent.
due
in a great
measure
to
his selec-
above the high
full,
from which a canal was dug along the

with the course of the stream, across
tion of an able corps of assistants.

efficient service, the
H.
F. Wilkinson has
hill-slope, at an angle
past twelve years, as super-
the terraced rocks.
This gave him a succession of waterfall.
W. S.
C. Wiley
is
the head machinist;
Thomas
fore-
powers, having from forty to sixty feet
Until
this
White, foreman of knitting department; John Hays,
period, the only manufacturing industries were a small gristmill,
man
of finishing department
;
Isaiah
is
Merrill superintends
known
a small
as GifFord's,
where Rogers' paper-mill now
is,
the cutting
and C.
S.
Vanderpool
the inspector of the
and
satinet
and carpet-factory, by James Philip
&
goods, nothing of an inferior quality being allowed to pass
Co., farther
up the stream.
dustry caused the place to be
The
pany
present
in
The latter being the chief inknown as " Factory Hill." name was given it by the Harlem railroad comto
out of the
mill, also
mills.
Mr. Aken
is
at present erecting a second
of brick, four stories high, whose dimensions are

feet.
one hundred and ten by two hundred and forty

they have been knit.
will
It is
compliment
George P. Philip, whose industry

the place importance.
designed to accommodate the operatives on the goods after
and enterprise
first g-.ive
About two hundred more persons

Both
mills are supplied
in case of fire,
The water privileges of Philmont are controlled by a company composed of the different mill-owners, each possessing franchises according to the number of feet fall his mill site represents. Provision has been made against
seasons of drouth by constructing a reservoir of thirty-six
acres, at the village,
thus be afforded employment, while the manufacturing be greatly increased.
facilities will
with the most approved apparatus for use
and
all
the surroundings indicate the most scrupulous at-
tention to the sanitary condition of the factories.
and another of
fifty-six
is
acres, a mile
The manufacture of paper was

site at present
first
begun
at this place
and a half above.

cubic
feet,
Their combined capacity
37,000,000
abjut 1855, by George P. Philip, who built a mill on the

occupied by the Philmont Paper Company's
and they usually afford a
sufficient
volume of
water
to
enable the different mills to work uninterruptedly
Mills.
The
Philip mill was burned in 1859, and the presIt is a
the year around.
ent one was soon after erected by Horton Harder.
The
satinet-factory, into
above
alluded
to,
was afterwards George

building
first-class
establishment,
having large and well-arranged
converted
the
Ockaioamick
Ilusiery- Milh,
buildings, and an excellent
power from a forty-two-foot
fall
W.
Philip proprietor, and employed forty-five operatives
of the canal.
There are two forty-eight-inch machines and
in the
manufacture of shirts and drawers.

fire,
The
two thirty-six-inch engines.

ping-paper
is
fine
grade of straw wrap-
was destroyed by
and
in
1876 the present
substantial
produced, varying from five hundred to seven
brick .factory took
its
place.
It contains six sets of
ma-
hundred tons per year.

business of the
agent, and
Twelve men are employed.

is
The
chinery for the manufacture of underwear, varying from
company
managed by Horton Harder,
two and a half pounds

tives are employed.
to ten
pounds per
suit.
Fifty opera-
W. H. Harder, secretary. The Philmont Paper-Mills are on the main stream, on

They were
estabin
building on what was

it
About 1847, George P. Philip erected a large factory known as " high rock," and supplied
with
the site of the old Gifford grist-mill.

lished
1858, by Samuel Rogers, but have since been
machinery
for
the
manufacture of
fine
woolen
enlarged.
The
mill
contains a sixty-eight-inch machine
goods.
large quantity of excellent

it
work was produced,
and two engines.
Six hundred tons of rye straw are conin the
but being found unprofitable,

mill.
was changed into a hosiery-
sumed annually
paper, giving
manufacture of a strong wrappingto
As such
its
it
was
last
operated by P. M. Harder
fire,
&
employment
is
nine
men and
three
women.
Son, until
destruction by
in
1875.
The
factory
H. W. Rogers
by Harder
the proprietor.
erected about I860,
has not been rebuilt.
The Philmont Machine- Works were

P.
Alceiis
The
Mills,
celebrated Nehnii
Philmont Husieryin
&
Ellsworth, and were subsequently operated in
which are reputed among the most complete
the
an extensive manner, by J. F. Ellsworth, in the manufacture of paper-mill and woolen machinery.

is
country, date their establishment from the humble begin-
The main shop
ning made by Mr. Aken
in IStJl.
That year he put up a
a three-story frame, twenty-four by seventy feet, besides
small frame factory on the site of his lower mills, which
having adjoining shops.

cipally on repair-work
Twelve men are employed, prinand paper machinery.
contained
two small
sets
of machinery.
The
enterprise
to
is
The shops
George H.
was a success from the beginning, enabling Mr. Aken

erect the splendid lower mills in 1805.
fifty
is
are at present run by C. F. Ellsworth
and Edward Herrick.

1872, remov-
The main
the west
is
part
The Philmont
Scale-
Works
are conducted by
in
by one hundred and sixteen
feet,
four stories high, and

a side
Snyder, who began the business, at Troy,

ing to this place in 1877.
surmounted by a French roof
On
Twelve
different kinds of plat-
tower, six stories high. ing attached

is
The
knitting and finishing build-
form and counter scales are manufactured, employing seven
a three-story brick, thirty-six by one hun;
men.
Mr. Snyder
also
conducts a foundry
connection
dred and twenty feet in extent

lappor-rooms
stories
the machine-shop and

feet,
with his scale-works.
are
thirty-six
;
by eighty
is
with
three
A
is
Needle- Factory was established by E. F. Connelly,

is still
in
and basement
and there
besides
a two-story
feet.
March, 1876, and

emjiloyment
continued by him.
The product
bleaching-housc, thirty by one hundred and sixty-two
one hundred thousand knitting-needles per month, giving

to four
There are twenty-four
sets
of machinery, employing three
men.
/fLLE, Columbia County, f^zw York
BiROSLYZ View
OF
PH/LMONT &MELLEN

The
place has also several large
241
mechanic shops, and
for-
power.
It
is
on the Columbia turnpike,

rising to
in
vale
It
sur-
merly contained another paper-mill, operated by L. M. Fritts
rounded by
formerly
hills
a considerable height.
was
&
is
Co.,
which ha? been allowed

unemployed.
is
to
go down, and the power
known
as
Smoky
Hollow, and being on one of the

it
at present
principal routes to eastern points,
was, before the railroads
Philmont
office,
well
supplied with stores, and has a postin
were
built,
of more importance than at present.
which was established
1858, with Cornelius M.

in office
At an
early
day Wra. Z. Holsapple opened a tavern

in
at
Horton postmaster.
His successors
were John T.
the lower part of the hamlet,
a house which yet remains,
Snyder and Henry P. Horton, the present incumbent.
and has always beea used

Dr. Sharp,
for this
purpose.
On
the
hill
short distance oast of Philmont are the Iliijldniid, or
another public-house was opened, in which David Blunt,
South Bend
ist-Md/s,
aromid which are a cluster of houses
and a blacksmith-shop.
early landlords.
John M. Smith, and others were among the In 1844 this house was kept by Jonas
Miller,
and Simeon
and was the scene of the Rifenburgh
MELLENVILLE
is
tragedy, on the 18th of

renters
December of that
year.
The
anti-
a small but pleasant village, at the confluence of Claver-
came from the
direction of Churchtown, disguised
ack and Eastern creeks, a mile west from Philmont, and

eight miles northeast from Hud.son.
It
lias
is
as Indians, and rendezvoused in an upper
room of this house.

the boy
In the hurry
a station on the
large
crowd congregated
in front,
among them
Hudson and Albany

limited trade.
Centerville, receiving
railroad,
and
an active though
lucally
Rifenburgii, to see the " Indians" dismount.
Formerly the place was

its
known
as
of the
the
moment
a pistol
was accidentally discharged, killing
present
name
in
18.17, in complithis
young man.
" Big
Thunder" afterwards made
a speech
ment
point.
to a
Mr. Mcllen, who built the railroad through
in front
of the tavern, and then, having laid aside his disin
Settlement here was made very early,
among
the
guise,
was arrested
is still
one of the rooms of the house.
This
families
being the Millers, Storms, Philips. Ilarders, and
building
used as a tavern.
third tavern was built
Ilortons, but no special importance attached to the place

until after
cr.il
it
by
Wm.
P. Snyder, which has been changed into a private
had the
railroad.
At
present
it
numbers
sev-
hou.se.
the
first
Adam VandeBoe
in trade
was one of the
first to
engage
after
in
mer-
Among
to
engage
wore George Philip

merchan-
chandising, and was followed
some lime
store.
by John
thos5
and Stephen
Miller, in a small
red building in the lower

years' successful
Freeland,
who opened another

in trade
Among
who
part of the place.
After
many
by
have here been
were Ezra Averill, David Carshore
dising they were succeeded
their sons,
and afterwards by
Levi Miller, David Rose, John
W. Van
Hoesen, Mathia
William Philip, who was long in_trade.

merchants were Storms
Other pioneer
Michael, and, since ISGtJ, David C. Neefus.
&
Miller,
Jeremiah Groat, and Her-
The
post-office
was established at
man
with
Best.
is
At
present there are several stores, in one of
and had John M. Smith

the office in this tavern.
for the first postmaster,
Smoky Hollow in 1833, who kept

I.
which
the post-office, which was established about 1841),
Ambrose Root, Jacob Holsapple,

Platncr, and
Herman
Best postmaster.
A.
W.
Ostrander holds the
Christopher Gernon, Peter L. Decker, Jacob
position at present.
David C. Neefus have since been postmasters.

first
The name
It has
Captain George Philip kept one of the
public-houses,
was changed
to
Hollowville Dec. 15, ISti".
two
which other raemb.3rs of the family continued.

has
Mellenville
mails per week.
now two taverns. The practicing physicians of
Wool-carding and fulling machines were early operated

the place have been Doctors
at this place
byScla
Hill,
and afterwards by Martin Bailey.

satinets
R. H. Mesick and E. J. Palmer.

In the eastern part of the village, on
Edward & Christopher Gernon manufactured

Eastern creek,
is
and
flannels.
Their place was changed into a hosiery-mill by
the Ilnrder Hosiery- Fuctonj, occupying a large frame building.

It
Christopher Gernon, and employed a dozen hands.

the
4tli
On
has a good power, and being supplied with excelis
of October,
18G9,
it
was destroyed by a
site.
fresiiet.
lent machinery,
capacitated to produce a large
amount of
site
saw-mill
now occupies the
Farther up the stream
work annually.
Tlir Mellenville
a grist-miil
was built about 1838 by .^latthew N. Burdick,

present operated by J.
II.
Hosiery- Mills were erected on the
of
which
is
at
Rowc.
P.
trip-
a former
to
this
grist-iiiill,
a part of the buildings being converted

1.S7'-.
it
hammer was
formerly
worked by
Wm.
is at
Snyder, and
In addition to
purpose
in
It is
sujiplied with
two
set.s
of
guns were manufactured by Peter Snyder.

the general mechanic shops, there
factory
machincrj', which enable

pieces per
prietors.
to
produce twelve thousand dozen

k,
present a cradle-
annum.
S.
D.
A.
A.
Miller arc the pro-
by Peter
I.
Andei'son and .Jacob A. Shaver.

ea.<t
'
A
this point
short distance
'
from
Hollowville
is
the
widely-
Above
Thomas Storm had

l.StJT,
is
.-itill
a grist-mill erected
known
ovci-shot mill,
which was erected about the presHoffman.

It
is
many
mill
years ago, which, in
was converted into a paperoperated as such.
ent century by Jacob
now operated by
have
been
by Win. Smith, and
William
Smith.
The saw- and
plaster-mills
The
place has also several good
mechanic shops, and con-
discontinued.
tains a RefornieJ church.
West from Hollowville is known locally as ' Buttermilk

at this
tillery,
a small
Falls.
'
cluster
of
houses,
On
the small brook
lInr.LOWVILLE
is
point were,
in
early times, woulcn-niills and a dis'All these interests
a large hamlet, near the centre of the town, on one of the

creek,
by
J.
Rutscn Van Rensselaer.
affluents of Clavcrack
which
here affords limited
have long since disappeared.
31
242

MAUTINDALE,
NEW
YORK.
in the eastern part of the town,
is
a station a
on the Harlem
school where the classics and higher mathematics could be more advantageously taught. Dr. Gebhard became the
railroad.
It received its nunie
from
Mr. Martin, who was

It contains a church,
superintendent of the new school, and

the close of the seminary.
filled
that office until

in
a large land-owner in
this
locality.
Dudley Baldwin was placed
two
stores,
and a dozen houses.
post-office
was estab-
charge of the
classical
department, and
Abraham Fonda of
was had
lished here on the turnpike about 1849, with Martin
Ham
the mathematical.
cipal,
In 1780, N. Meigs was appointed prin-
postmaster.
He had ako
C. Michael,
the
first store.
R. Morton, R.
and
filled
that position with acceptance until he
Ham, Anthony
The
Wm.
Haywood, Abram Martin,
succeeded by
Andrew Mayfield
Carshore.
The
latter
and Allen Poucher have since been postmasters.

mill west from here
It
is
come
went
to
this country with
General Burgoyne, as an im-
was erected by Ajxrippa Martin

as the
pressed British soldier, and after the surrender at Saratoga

to
about 1800.
uow known
John Miller
mill.
Kinderhook, where he opened an English school.

this,
Leaving
he came
to Clavcrack,
CHURCHTOWN
is
of Dr. Gebhard's family. of Greek and Latin, which

in the seminary.
and became an inmate Here he acquired a knowledge

lie
a hamlet of about twenty houses, three miles south from

It
is
turned to profitable account
Clavcrack village.
partly situated
in.
first
the towns of
settlers
He
possessed unusual genius, and having
Livingston and Taghkanic.

the Hagadorns, whose
Among
the
were
great aptitude as a teacher, Washington Seminary achieved

a famous reputation under his principalship.
home
stood on the lot
now occupied
At times
it
by R. Decker's place. South of them lived Nicholas Roat, Frederick Houscr was also an and east Jonas Rossman.
early
settler.
had more than
hundred students from the surrounding
country, Albany, and

his connection with
New
York.
Mr. Carshore continued

of the
few milcs'êast from this place settled
the seminaj-y about twenty-five years,

principal
Uldrich Sours, a native of Germany, living there to the
extreme age of one hundred and
five years.
grandson,
when he Academy.
"
left
to
become the
Hudson
Samuel Sours,
town.
is
now one of
the oldest citizens of Church-
Among
at this seminary were General

stores in the build-
Robert Bortle had one of the pioneer

ing now occupied as a tavern.
Fred.
at-law
who were educated during this period John P. Van Ness, attorneyHon. William P. Van and member of Congress
those
; ;
The
early landlords
latter
were
Ness, judge of the .outhern United States district
Hon.
Houser and Peter
I.
Rossman, the
keeping
Cornelius P.
Van
Ness, governor of Vermont, minister to
public-house
many
years.
There are
at present a tavern
is
Spain, and collector of the port of
New York
General
for
and
several stores.
post-office,
In one of the latter
kept the Church-
Jacob Rutscn Van Rensselaer, secretary of state
New
town
which was established about twenty-five
years ago, with Albert Sheldon postmaster.
The
present
York, often a member of Congress, and always the poor man's friend. The above were all natives of this town.
afterwards conspicuous in public
incumbent
is
R. Decker.
There
is
a tri-weekly mail from
Hudson.
Martin Van Buren, Robert H. Morris, and many others life, were also students
here.
The
place contains also a full
complement of mechanic
Here,
too,
the
Monells, Jordans, Phillipses, and

Clav-
shops and the St. Thomas' Lutheran church.
Millers acciuired the beginnings of their education.
crack has a just right to the honor which these illustrious
THE EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS

of the town have given
tion.
it
names confer upon her maternal brow

all
and she claims them
an exalted and enviable rcputa
to-day, while she bids the present generation to emulate
the
Much interest was early manifested in the welfare of common schools, and under the generoas care of the town many of them have become noted for their eflSciency.
In most districts good school buildings have been provided,
in a
and imitate the virtues of the great men she has reared."* In the course of a few years, after Mr. Carshore left, the
seminary was merged into a
it
common
school.
The
building
occupied stood
near the church, directly north of the
and
few instances they are noteworthy for their comfort

In District No. 5,
railroad depot, and was a conspicuous
landmark many years.
and neatness.
Mary
E. Drowne, a gradsuccessively,
But
the
demand
for a school
of a higher grade was so
uate of the Albany
Normal School, has taught

the
urgent that the Rev. Richard Sluyter,
who had succeeded

was
summer and winter, since 1849. The commissioner's last report of

shows fourteen
districts,
Dominie Gebhard
public schools
in
the
pastorate of the church,
incited to take measures for the erection of an
academy
efforts
having eleven hundred and seventy
which should meet the wants of

were
finally
this region.
His
children of school age, from which a daily attendance of

three hundred and sixty-three pupils was secured.
five
successful, and,
in
1830, the
academy was
great attain-
About
opened, with the Rev. John Mabon, a
man of
thousand dollars
is
annually expended in the support
ments and worth

which
it
as an instructor, at its head.
of these schools.
occupied was erected by Colonel
The building Ambrose Root,
The
first
high school
in
the county,
and
its
business affairs were
trustees,
managed by a board of eighteen composed of the leading men of the town. The
THE WASHINGTON SEMINARY,

was established
succo.sl'ully
in
school was prosperous, and had

in
among
its
students several
Clavcrack.
in
It
was begun
1777, and
youth who rose
to distinguished
eminence.
in
founded
1771).
Its originator
was the pastor
The Rev.
Ira C. Boice,
who
followed Mr. Sluyter
the
of the Uefuruicd church, the Kev. Dr. Gebhard.

privately taught the sons of
Having
citizens
pastoral office, carried forward the
work of
his predecessor,
some of the leading
of the town, he became convinced of the necessity for a
* Ilcv. E. ?. Porter, D.D.
UPPER jiOSIiRY fAILLS.fiELSOH
P.
AKEN.fTOPffiEro^ fHiiMONr
Columbm Co,
LOWER
fH)SfEf?Y
ÎLLS /VELSON
,
/=
AKEN,Fm)/-)f/Ero(f.PHiLMONr
Columb/aCo
,/J
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUxNTY,

and conceived the idea of endowing the school with
lej;iate
NEW
YORK.
five
243
coi-
Rensselaer.
Each paid
dollars into a
common
fund,
proportions.
Ilis
plans were ably seconded by some

in
tiie
and
good library was established and continued a number
of the enterprising men of the town, and,
1854, the
present.
of years.
academy was rechartered under
tlie
name of
strong characteristic of the old Dutch settlers,
who
first
occupied this country, was their love for and the tenacity
CLAVERACK COLLEGE AND HUDSON RIVER INSTITUTE.

In the
fall
with which they clung to the institutions of the mothercountry.

Especially strong was their regard for the church
its
of 1854 the institution was most auspiciously
opened.
Addresses were delivered on the occasion by the
of their fathers, and they early established

the
son.
services in
Rev. Lsaac Ferris, D.D., Horace Greeley, and the Rev. Dr.
Porter.
new
land, at
Albany, and
at
points lower on the
Hud-
The
trustees selected the Rev. Ira C. Boicc as their
From
these proceeded missionary efforts towards the

earlier than
president, and
lessee
the Rev. Alonzo Flack, Ph.D.,

institute.
became the
newer and sparser settlements, and

ministrations tended
feeling,
tion.
1700 Clav-
and president of the
This position he has
erack was visited by the Albany dominie.

to
His occasional
since retained, and under his skillful
management the school

It
at least keep alive the religious

for future
has become one of the best of
its
kind in the State.
has
and prepared the way

that the settlers
work
in this direc-
eleven departments of instruction,
classical,
French, Ger-
Fifteen years later the population had so
much
in-
man, English, normal, musical, painting,

cial,
military,
in
commer-
creased
began
to
form themselves into
telegraphic,
and
agricultural,
each
charge of a
trained principal, and assisted by a corps of able teachers.
in order to more frequently enjoy the means of worship without subjecting themselves to the
independent churches,
In addition to these academic and special courses of study,

there
is
inconvenience and uncertainty arising from a dependence
u collegiate course for

in
womeu, prescribed by the

entitles those
upon neighboring churches.

seems
to
In Claverack this movement

1719, and was directly brought
board of regents
pleting
in
it
June, 1809, which
com-
have been taken
in
to the
degree of Mistress of Art.
The
instruction
about by Patroon Hendrick
Van
Rensselaer,
who urged
and a
every department aims at thorough scholarship.

are
Young
them
It
call
is
to
have a church and a settled minister of their own.
men
here
prepared
for
the junior class in college.
said tliat an effort to build a house was made,

to
Among
ical
other supplementary means of instruction, the in-
extended
Dominie Petrus Van Driessen by a conits
stitute has a large library
and good philosophical and chemfeature,
sistory informally appointed, but that a division of opinion
apparatus.
special
is
which has given the
regarding the proposed church caused

delayed six or seven years.
formation to be
institute great popularity,
the " form system" of dividing
In 1726, the
movement took a
the school into six divisions, according to age and culture,
more tangible form, and
resulted in the organization of
each receiving such especial attention as the students

that " form"
require.
in
Every male
.student
is
required to
THE REFORMED PROTESTANT DUTCH CHURCH OF CLAVERACK.

This
is
take military instruction, which has boon found beneficial

in
promoting the healthfulness of the students, and
in-
the oldest religious body in the town, and one of
ducing habits of order and obedience.
the oldest in the county.

a fine view of
building committee composed
The
buildings of the institute stand in an elevated cam-
of Samuel Ten Broeck, Cornelius Martense Esselstyne, and
pus, containing twenty acres, and
command
Jeremiah Miller was appointed, which prosecuted
its
work
the surrounding rich and handsome Clavcrack country, and the famous Catskill mountains, eight miles distant.
college edifice
is
so vigorously that the house was completed early in 1727.
The
This house and the church customs of that early period are
so aptly described
a frame, four stories high,
and contains
for
by the Rev. F. N. Zabriskie, that we
one hundred and forty-six students' rooms,
two pupils
cannot forbear quoting at some length from his account:

" .\iid the people
each, thirteen teachers' rooms, twelve lecture and recitatiunhalls,
made
a curious covenant at the time,
twenty-eight music-rooms, society and reading-rooms,

ofiices,
actually binding themselves to
the church for the accominstead
a library, a chapel,
and
thirty-five
rooms
for
the
plishment
specific
to
of the
undertaking
of sukscribing a
domestic uses of the institute, which boards students of
amount.
The building committee were empowered

in
both
sexe.s.
determine what each one should give

'
work or money,
agreement under
There
are, also,
on the grounds an armory, and a large
and they
bound themselves
to fulfill the
diill-housc
at present
and gymnasium. The trustees of the institute number twelve members, having Peter Hoffman
and F. N. Mesiek
for secretary
penalty of three pounds current
New
York.'
The names
of those
money of the Province of who made this compact,

are, besides
for president,
and treasurer.
as they are the first
upon the records of the church, are
TIIE
CLAVERACK LIBRARY SOCIETY

9,
worthy of
special mention.
:*
They
the building
committee, as follows
Henderick Van
Rens.salacr, Isaack
was organized Dec.
1829, with the following members:
Van Dusc, Willcm

;
Isselsteen, Stiffanis
Muller, Kasparis
Samuel R. McClellan, James K. Van Ness, Peter P. lleermana, Jacob S. Miller, Richard Sluyter, Jacob P. Mcsick,
Stephen Guiin, R. Henry Van Rensselaer, James V. D. P.
Conyn, Gloudie D. lamatere, Lsaack D. lamatere, Harpert V Duse, Arent Van Der kar, Jacob Isselstcon, Richard
Moor, Jacob E.ssewyn, Robbert Van Du.se, Joris Decker, Killei:un JIullcr, Cornelis Mullor, Junjor, Matthcwis Is:
Schumacher, Phiiioas Walker, John Poucher, Cornelius

Esselstyne,
Niles,
Lawrence Fonda, John

Di'iinis
I.
Miller,
William C.
Pnuclier,
William A. Weaver,
Stow,
Andrew
V: V;
Dusc, Isaack Isselstyii, Kasper
Van
Ilueso,
Matthcwis
Boiil,
Dusc, Jan Bont,
r.saa<k
V;
.Vrcrim, llenilerick
Joseph C. Holtues, Anthony Ten Broeck, Jonathan Storm,
John A. La Bagh, Jacob
Essclslync, Jr., and
A. H.
Vau
Tbu
nauiL'S j.ve
;,'ivuri
in tbc cxat-t .-[juMiug ul
ihu Kccur.l.
244

Tobyas Van Duse, Baitliolomewis HoogeSuiit.
NEW
YOKK.
But
in
KristofFcl JIuller,
tained
an
existence.
1756 the Rev. Johannis

as a
boum. Jurie
Adam
CaspariLs
Fryenmoct was secured
permanent
His
first
pastor,
"Tbc
liouse
building was erected near the spot where the courtbuilt.
and the work became more prosperous.

in
service
was afterwards
is
To be more
lot
exact,
it
stood on
the Claveraek church was held Oct. 3, 1756.

" His
call,
wliat
now
tlie
road between Peter Best's and Peter Hoff-
like
Van
Driessen's,
was
a joint
one from
'
man's, and partly upon the
containing the tenement-
Claveraek, Kinderhook, and Livingston manor.

ulated to
It stip-
house of
it, bi.x
llie
latter.
Tiiere were just twenty-six

all
pews
in
pay him,
first,
the
sum of
in
all
;
forty
pounds each,
a
of tliem being long pews ranged
around the walls
or about three
hundred dollars
second, to provide
a preacher,' with
and occupied by the men, and the twenty others, mostly

facing the
pulpit, occupied
him with
a
a dwelling-house "
becoming
by the women.
Each male
his
kitchen, stable, etc., togellier with several acres of land for
and each female member of the congregation had

appointed
seat, allotted
own
''garden,
pasture, situated
to
mow
in
ground, orchard,"
the
for
etc.,
which
of
to
him by
a comiuittee, consisting,
should
be
Claveraek,
these
congregation
besides the building committee, of Isaac

Sliffanis Mullcr.
Van Deusen and
Claveraek
provide
things
the privilege of
;
So primitive was
this ancient edifice that
having the preacher dwelling among them

gregations to provide the preacher witli
'
the other con-
the pulpit was reached by a ladder!
church was dedicated
On Feb. 7, 1727, the by Dominie Van Driessen, of Albany.

the baptismal and other records
is
entertainment beThird, the
coming
his office" while laboring
among them.
From
this date
commence
three congregations to bear his expenses of moving, each
of the cliurch.
Among
these
the
first
record of an
one an equal
share.' "
He
remained with the Claveraek
church until 1770, and received during his pastorate two
ELECTION OF CONSISTORY.
IS, 1727, tbcy
hundred and forty-four members, more than half on conIsSF:I.STF,IN,'*
CoitNKl.IH
MArCTRNXF
.Ml LI.KIl.
fession.
After 1770 he confiiied his labors to the Kinderin
Kdukiit Va.v Dr:i

[
ii.hk.n,
jKUKUtAS
CAsi'.tnis
book church, where he died
1778.
He was
liis
man of
resulted
Van
great energy, and inaugurated a

IIoisk.v,
movement which
Deacons,
-^
Sajicki.
Tkn Buokck,
in
building the present church during
ministry.
Says
IsA.viK Va.s Dkmskn.'

first
the writer before quoted, "

possession
The
consistory were already in

extent,
for the
" These were ordained on the
of August following.
of a piece of land, three morgans in
On
the 25th of
November we
find
the following covenant
bought
in
1759 of Cornelis and Jeremias Miller

parsonage glebe.
made with
the consistory, and signed by what appears to
sum of
most of
twelve pounds.
tlie
This comprised, doubtless, the
be the entire membership.
The
elders and deacons arc to
They now
received, on the
be promoters of God's word and exhort the people to true

liberality.
13th of February, 1767, a deed for the churcli grounds

(and,
If any controversy shall arise between

to a
tlie
con-
we
take
it
for granted, those
on which the new par-
sistory
and congregation relating

shall
misunderstanding of
sonage stands) from Joiin Van Rensselaer, of the manor

of Rensselaerwyck,
'
God's word, and they
be accused of false doctrine,
for the building

to
and erecting a Rethe Articles of the
both parties shall be bound to refer the case to the neighboring Reformed church
;
formed Protestant church according
and
if
the consistory be found
Synod of Dordrecht.'
The
lease
of this latter parcel of
guilty and will not retract, the people shall have the privilege, in full assembly, to
land had been purchased on the preceding 6th of December,
choose others
in their
place:
'
On
1766, of Hendriek Ten Brocck
for
one hundred pounds,
these articles and conditions, we, as a Christian congregation, place ourselves
by Hendriek Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah Ten Brocck, Jacob

Philip, Robert
under the authority of our consistory,

be faithful to our agreements as
certify that this has been
"
Van
Rens.selacr,
Casparus Conyne,
Sr.,
Jacob
with promises always to walk as free Christians should do,
Harter, Johannis JMuller,
John Legghart, William Van

Haltsappel, for the
of this and of
and promising always

far as in us lies,
to
Ness, Jacobus Philip, and Joliamiis
and we hereby
purpose of
church building.
The
relea.se
done with the consent of the whole congregation.'
the former parcel of three morgans was the act of Colonel
On
the
l.st
fii-st
of August, 1727, Johannis \'an Driessen bepastor of the church.
John Van
Reii.sselaer.
The
choice of a
to
site
for
their
came the
He was
at the
a younger
set-
church gives high testimony

committee, Messrs. Ileiidiiuk
the taste of the building
brotlier of tlie
Albany dominie, and
time of his
tlement was thirty years of ago.

old country, but was ordained
to
He was
educated
in
the
and Jereniiah Ten Broi-ck

all
yet
Van Rensselaer, Jacob Philip, how often is it that what

through
the ministry by a Conto
posterity
will
applaud
!
can only be carried
gregational council, on a recommendation
the
faculty
against strenuous opposition

cited so
The change of
those
location ex-
of Yale College, by Patroon
\mi
Rensselaer.
His services
much
disgust
among
who
never like to see
were shared by the churches
in
Livingston
at
manor and
latter
any change, and those who
deemed
them.selves
incom-
Kinderhook, and his residence was
the
place.
His connection with the Claveraek church was not continued longer than a year, on account of the Cootus and
Conferentic
the
coiitrovcr.'îes,
which,
also,
were the cause of

the next twentyI
church being without a pastor
for
moded by it, that some never forgave it, and are not known to have ever entered the new church door. Particularly was the feeling inflamed against Mr. Van Rensselaer, whose elevated and canopied pew thenceforth became so obnoxious to one of his humbler neighbors that
she uttered the iconoclastic threat
of taking
eight years.
In this period the cliurch was supplied by
an axe to
the pa-stors of the neighboring churches, and scarcclv main-'
church and hewing

dition has been
it
down.
still
more
disgraceful trainflicted
handed down of personal violence
Tlicsc n^.ujcs arc ulau given in ihc c.xnct .-pi-lling uf the Record.
U|ion
Mr. Van Rensselaer by a leading member of one of
Residence of Mrs CATHARINE
BUSHNZlL,CLAvcRACK.CoLiiMsiACo..Ny
HISTORir OF
the otiier great families of this region.
COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.

to
245
The
building long
save
them from
freezing.
If as late as ISOO, a tento
went by the name of the Van Rensselaer church."
The
plated
box-stove, which
scarcely serves
do more than
church was dedicated on the 8th of November, 1767, by
make
upon
the cold
a
more appreciable, stands

in
raised on long legs
Dominie Frvcnuioet, with the simple ceremony of preachStand in The text was Jeremiah vii. 2 ing a sermon.
;
'
platform
the very centre of the building, with
pipe going out of the wiudow.
The
if to
pulpit stands at the

indicate
its
the gate of
tlie
Lord's house, and proclaim there this word,

all
north end,
origin,
is
painted blue, as
like
celestial
and say. Hear the word of the Lord,
ye of Judali, that
shaped
wine-glass,
'
and surmounted by a
is
enter in at these gates to worship the Lord.'
Two
children
sounding-board, on
propriately inscribed.
is
which
Holiness to the Lord'
ap-
were baptized on that occasion, namely, Kummenjo, whose

parents were Johannis Muller and Fytje
At the
farther end of the church
Halenbeck
also
a great window, which would look out into the tower

it
Johannis, son of Coenrad Mauer and Jecrijc Smidt.
It
feet,
were
not for the red curtain by which

is
it is
covered.
was not
as long as the present building
by some thirty
" There
as yet no
occupant of the pulpit, but undersuppose William
and had not the front tower nor the wing?.

simply a quaint
little
There was
neath
Ness,
sits
the voorleser (we will
Van
belfry on
the front part of the roof,

bell,
who
held the office for thirty-three years, or Stephen

or,
which contained a diminutive
ranging somewhere be-
Fonda, or William Ten Broeek,
at a still
later date,
tween a cow-bell and a steamboat-bell."

the locality, and the
The
walls of the
in
Robert
Van Deusen,
father of our present beloved elder of
church are built of brick,* which were manufactured

first
that name).
He
in
begins the service by reading the Scrip-
stick of timber used

in
was brought
tures, including the
Commandments.
Then he
gives out
by Jorvis Decker, from his farm

Greenport.
the present town of
a psalm, and,
old-fashioned though not unpleasing style
The
hou.se
has been enlarged, and
made
;
to
its
of simple music, leads the tune for his choir (who are, as
it
somewhat conform
essentials
to the architecture of to-day

little
but
should
be,
the
whole congregation).
if
All
this
is
in
remain unchanged, and give but
proof of
Dutch, of course, and,
the period be not more than
the wear of more than a hundred years.

this
The
interior of
sixty or seventy years ago, promotes the

as
amusement quite
that
church was much like the

pulpit.
its
firat,
being without a stove

hou.se, as
much
as the edification of the
'
Young America' of
and having an elevated

it
Concerning this
day, as
they
sit
hidden away in their high-walled pews.

enters.
then appeared, with
worshipers, the
Rev. Zabriskie
During the singing the dominie

it to
We
will
suppose
said, at
the centennial celebration of the church in 1867,
be Dominie Gebhard in his prime.
Rather below the

right and left after
"
The
early pastors
in
seem
to raise
the marble doors of their

for the antiquated
medium height and correspondingly

he advances up the
the old
aisles,
slim, with nimble step

to
tombs
yonder cemetery and look about
bowing
pulpit from which they preached
down upon
in
their people.
German custom, and pausing
moment
at the bot-
The throngs of former worshipers, in come winding over the hills and valleys
springless,
their quaint attire,
tom
step of the pulpit to reverently hold Ins hat before his
their plain
and
eyes and offer prayer.
As he
rises to
conduct the service,
but
capacious
wagons,
to
in
occupy
the
high,
their
we
catch a sight of his mild and cheerful face and small

'
straight-backed pews.
The women,
summer, with
but bright eye, white cravat, and

a clear voice and animated
baffy'
and soon, with

begins his
or the Gerfor the
mob-caps and white muslin neckerchiefs modestly folded

over their breasts,
or, in winter,
gesticulation, he
with their stuffed cloaks
sound and pious discourse,
in
the
Low Dutch
and ponderous bonnets, and foot-stoves replenished at the

parsonage
fire
;
man,
as the
case
may
be.
Though not lengthy

it
and the men with their suits of homespun,
period, our
modern
taste
would doubtless cut

baptismal day
down
to
their broad hats
and knee-breeches, and

;
ruffled shirts,
and
one-half
"
its
duration.
is
buckles on
children,
all
throat and shoon
and the goodly array of

to
Every Sabbath
and
yet,
behold
baptized and
all
brought
church, and young
the long lino of parents and sponsors bringing their chil-
and old alike speaking

"
in a foreign tongue,
te'ti
which would be
clatter in the
is
dren to the Lord
One, two,
six,
twelve
and next Sabinfants
utterly unintelligible to nine out of
of us to-day.
its
bath
shall,
perhaps, witness as
It
And now
the tinkling bell has ceased
to Christ.
many more was no uncommon thing for
sealed
the baptismal
little,
old belfry, the neighborly gossip around the doors
record to be increased by the addition of over one hundred
over,
and the congregation
is
seated decently and

left
in order,
names
at
in the
course of a year.
An
instance
is
related by
the elders and deacons at the light and
of the pulpit,
Rev. Dr. Currie. where thirty-six children were baptized one service
in the
the Van Rensselaer of the day in his elevated and canopied pew among his army of lease-holders. The men are ranged around the walls, and the women in orderly rows in the centre. Above their heads is a wooden ceiling with prodigious rafters. The walls are plastered and meant to be
church of Taglikanic by Doi.iinic Geb-
hard.
These, with the parents and godparents, must have

a
made
company of
at least
one hundred.
"And now
suspended
bells that to
the deacons step forth with their money-bags,
to long poles,
and furnished with
little
jingling
white
the wood- work
is
painted blue
if galleries
have
make
Or,
it
a suggestive
is
sound
as they pass
from pew
yet been introduced,
they tower even farther above the

;
pew.
people than the present ones

size
the pews differ in shape and If prior to 17S0,
of communicants are
communi in Sunday. Rank after rank summoned from their .seats, and in turn
where the elements are
di.stributed
to
almost as
much
ns their occupants.
.solely
surround the
table,
the worshipers depend

It is
le
i
upon
salt
pork and foot-stoves
each by the hand of the dominie himself

sarily
Nor
is it
neces-
the Sabbath.
Christmas,
New
Year's day.
Good
There
hardly probiibic that these bricks came rroin Hullnntl. as

is
claim, since their appearance
just like the bricks
made
in
Friday. Ea.stcr. and Whits\iiiday arc feast-days by appoint-
country.
ment and
usage.
Or,
it
is
catechetical
exercise.
24C

00
Siibbatli-schools
little
NEW
German
YORK.
race..
arc
yet.
.Robert
Raikes
had
till
not
this
thrift of the
His
s.alary
was only one hun-
gathered his
vagrant neighbors about him
dred and thirty pounds a year, and never reached more

than four hundred dollars with the parsonage.
Still
building was fourteen years old.
The dominie
sit
is
all
the
he
Sunday-school the children know, as they

lines before
in
awestruck
intricate
was enabled, by prudent management, with the additional

proceeds of a small patrimony, to given seven sons a classical
him, and
lisp in
Dutch the long and
answers of the Heidelberg Catechism.

ent,
He
is
superintend-
and professional education, and prepare them for emiin
teacher,
I
library,
singing-book, and child's paper to
nence
their respective
professions,
and
at least
two of
them, and,
"
am
afraid, picnic
and Christmas-tree
also.
them
in
in
for distinguished
honors
field
in public life."
Such
are
some of the scenes which pass before us

sit
Dominie Gebhard's
of labor was very extensive, and
solemn and tender recollection as we

scenes so like and yet so changed.
here to-day amid
the troublous times of the Revolution was attended by

life.
The same blue heaven

the
dangers which often imperiled his

charge, he supplied the
in Hillsdale
Besides his
own
above
us, the
same
walls
about
us,
same
in
trees over-
Ghent church, and

" It was
statedly preached
to see several
shadowing
us, the
same mountains reposing

its
the distance,
and Taghkanic.
iiis lot
the same church with

families
doctrine and worehip, the same

seats,
generations of his parishioners, and, in several instances, he

baptized
the great-grandchildren
occupying these
bearing
the
same time-
of those
whom
he had
in
honored names of Van Rensselaer, Van Deusen, Miller,

Esselstyne,
ick,
united
in
marriage.
His labors were greatly blessed
the
Ten Broack, Delamater,
Philip, Leggett, Deder-
ingathering of members into the church, five hundred and

fifty-four
Livingston, Smith, Schumacher, Sharp, Snyder, Sag-
having been received
in all.
The most
fruitful
endorf, Mesick, Ostrander, Race, Myers, Rossman,

apple,
Hols-
years appear to have been 1786 and 1808, in each of which
Pouchcr, Groat,
Fonda,
Emerick, Link, Melius,
twenty-nine confessed their faith.

"
Skinkle, Root, Clapper, Vandeboe, Hess,
Ham, Hoffman,
Thus
the good and well-beloved pastor labored on for

years,
in
Heermance, Williams, Rowley, Cole, Martin, Best, Brown,

Coventry, Kilmer, Stickles, Gardiner, Bcimot, Niver, Storm,
nearly
classis,
fifty
and
about
when he was declared emeritus by the fifteen months thereafter was declared
His sepulchre
still
is
Jordan, Pitcher, Lasher, Milhaui, Dickie, and more than I
emeritus
by a higher authority, and released by gentle
can now take time
to
mention.
And
yet the
men
are
death from his earthly work.

his descendants are
among
us,
changed
in
person, speech, garb, and largely in their ideas
many of them
around the old home-
and
spirit
(whether
for the better or tlie

;
worse we shall
stead,
and his works survive him."

before the close of
not undertake to say)
the house itself enlarged, remodeled,
Ten years
try,
Dominie Gebhard's minisfull
and adorned
still
the apostolic succession of
Dutch
pastors
Richard Sluyter, then a young man in the
vigor
to
maintained, but a voice in the pulpit to which the

'
of
life,
became
his colleague,
and afterwards succeeded
language of the
Faderland' were a strange speech.

its
The
the pastorate of the church.
He
was possessed of an un-
old red brick parsonage, with

to
gambrel
in
roof,
which used
usual combination of qualities which eminently fitted

to
him
at
stand behind
to
the pear-tree
the garden, has given
take
up the work of
his esteemed predecessor.

zeal,
He
way
its
yonder embowered residence; the landscape, with
once began his labors with great
and instituted revival
cleared fields and
modern houses, the
colossal
institute,
measures which were
prolific
of the most gratifying results.
and the swift and thundering railway

'
trains, arc scarcely
He
went
to
every part of his broad parish, holding meet-
recognizable.
ings every night in the week,
and
visiting house after house
Two
perity
years after the building of the meeting-house the

its
during the day.
In 1821
commenced
to the
.series
of revivals,
church passed through a quarrel, which checked

Freyenmoct,
of the
pros-
which, with slight interruptions, continued twenty years,
and probably hastened the retirement of Dominie

in
and brought constant additions
church membership.
1770.
This arose from the organization
During
his
pastorate of twenty-eight years nearly eleven

into the
Krum
largely of
church in Hillsdale, which was made up members from the Claverack church who had
for this purpose,
hundred were received

crack church
communion of
the Clav-
Through
conform
his efforts the
church became a
withdrawn
and which made

to
it
burden-
member
of the classis of Rensselaer, and the house was

to
to the
some
for the
mother church
maintain a pastor on such

si.K
modernizod
changes of time.
What
with
conditions as she desired.
pastoral vacancy of
years
English preaching, rovival-meotiiigs, and other changes, he
ensued, during which Dominie Gerbhard, Daniel Cock, of
may
"
be said to have inaugurated a new era in the history of
Gerniantown, and othera from neighboring churches, held

occasional services.
the church.
great
work which Mr. Sluyter did

this work,
for
Claverack was
to say,
Meantime, the events of the Revolution had forced John

Gabriel G'^bhard. the young pastor of a
the establishment of Sabbath-schools.
Strange
he
German Reformed
for safety.
call
met with opposition

his
in
and actually paid from

procured a small buildin
church
in
New York
came
a
city, to
flee
to
Kingston
on a
own funds Mr. Wymans,
the district teacher, to take
From
17TG.
there he
to Claverack,
extended by
charge of and give instruction.

ing,
He
the church, and entered upon his duties as pastor July 4,
and taught himself the colored people
the truths of
He was
enabled
to
man
of liberal attainments and sound
the gospel in language adapted to their capacities on Sab-
judgment, and having a, kind and affectionate nature, was

soon
bath afternnons, having

ing the privilege.
first
called
upon
their masters solicitin
harmonize the troubles of the church,

a career of peace
He expended
to
one hundred dollars
which then entered upon

"
and prosperity,
having catechisms printed
furnish the different neigh;
which has been uninterrupted
to the present day. to
borhoods of his congregation with catechetical instruction

proverbial
He
shared, as
it
behoved him
do, the
and he often bought hymn-books and presented them
to
the
Residence or J.W.
LOCKWOOD, FHiLMONrN
Y.
Rcs.oCNCf RtLONGiNj
TO JUL
PHILMONT PAPER COMPANY, fHiiMONr.CoLJMBM Co, N

young people
in to
NEW
when the
YORK.
present house was erected.
in
247
induce them to join the choir.
He
was
until 1836,
This was
a spacious
himself, like his predecessor, a gifted musician.
His voice
modernized and enlarged
1860, and
is
now
singing was so exquisitely soft and nietodidus as to have
two-story frame edifice, with accommodations for five hun-
become noted even where he was personally unknown, and persons who took no interest in religion would come to
church in the most rainy weather simply
nie sing."
to
dred persons.
joint value
dollars.
Adjoining
is
is
a comfortable parsonage.
The
of the two
is
estimated at twelve thousand
hear the domi-
There
also a
cemetery in connection, which ha^

in
been enlarged to contain about two acres,

the remains of Deacon Lodowick Potts,
which repose
died in 1847,
Mr. Sluyter's active and successful ministry was closed
who
by
and
his death,
July 25, 1843, but the memory of his busy

is
aged eighty-three years

G. F.
self-sucrificing life
yet reverently cherished by the
and Pastors John F. Ries, John Uhl, and Jacob Berger, all of whom gave the church
;
church, and by those he assisted in their efforts to secure
faithful service.
first pastor of the church was the Rev. John F. who continued this relation from 1760 until his The Rev. John Frederick Ernst sucdeath, in 1791. At this time there were eightyceeded next, in 1793.
an education.
In January, 1844, the
The
Rev. Ira Condict Boice comyears,

to the
to pro-
Rics,
menced his pastoral labors, which continued fifteen and wiiich added one hundred and thirteen members
church.
He
was an energetic man, and did much
seven members, and the following
official
board
Trustees,
mote
tiie
temporal affairs of the church, building a new
William Melius, William Becker, Jacob Garner; Elders,
pareonage whose beauty of situation and tastefulness are
Jacob Rossman, Peter
Miller,
and Simon Michael; Deacons,
seldom surpassed.
He
followed the examples of his prede-
William Butz, Frederick Flint, V. Miller, and Peter Lowry.
cessors in taking an active interest in the cause of education,
Upon
the close of his pastorate the Rev.

office,
John G.
F.
Uhl
pas-
and through
its
his efforts
the
Hudson River
Institute, with
assumed the
five years.
tors, in the
and ministered
in
to the people for thirty-
extensive purposes and broad aims, was founded.
He
died
June, 1845.
The subsequent
In 1859 the Rev. A. P.
Van
Gieson, a graduate from
order of their connection, have been the Revs.
the theological seminary at
New
Brunswick,
in the class
of
it
J. Berger,
H. Wheeler, J. C. Duy, Levi Schell, J. A. Rosenthe church since
1852, became the pastor of the church, continuing with

until 18C5.
berg, and the present, C. Diefendorf.
He was
succeeded iMay 3, 186G, by the Rev.

until
The aggregate membership of

ization
its
organ-
F. N. Zabriskie,
who remained
March, 1872.
The
has been very large, and at present numbers three

fift.y.
John W.Schenck, became connected The aggregate membei'sliip of the church since its organization numbers several thousand, and from its fold have gone members to form seven distinct churches of the Reformed denomination, and many to other churches. At present there are two hundred
present pastor, the Rev.
hundred and
Elders Robert
The
and
official
board
is
constituted of
with the church in September, 1872.
Ham,
Isaac Hallenbeck, and
Deacons James
Ham
Wm.
Miller
Henry Niver and Trustees John

first
Cookingham, Reuben
Miller,
and Leonard Miller.

for
The
were
to
in
services
of the church
the
half-century
the
German
to
language, but are
now
in
the English,
and twenty-five members, having the following consistory

Elders, Stephen
conform
the
changes
in
the
population
of
this
Rossman, John Sharp, Frederick Snyder,

;
section.
Sylvester
Milham
Deacons, Nelson Sagendorph,

S. Mesick.
Edward
is
A
five
good Sunday-school, having one hundred and twenty-
A. Best, Charles Myers, and Benjamin
members, of which Richard Miller
is
superintendent,
The church
has one thousand sittings, and with the adis
maintained.
joining parsonage and glebe, containing twenty acres,

estimated worth thirty thousand dollars.
Four Sunday-schools are

which are
at present
maintained by the
church,
THE SECOND REFORMED (DUTCH) CHURCH OF CLAVERACK, AT MELLENVILLE.

This body was organized, on a petition
classis, in
superintended by A. J. Bristol, Peter
to the Rensselaer
S. Fingar, Peter E.
Sagendorph, and Nelson Sagendorph.
December, 1838.
The
original m(;mbership
was
The cemetery north and west of the church was set aside in 1767; the new part, on the east, in 18G1. It contains the graves of Dominies Gebhard and Sluyter, of the talented William W. \îh Ness, and of hundreds from the Van Rensselaer, Livingston Bay, Jordan, E.sselstyne, Van Wyck,
Delameler,
composed of one hundred and twelve persons, ninety-one of whom -were dismissed from the church of Claverack tor the
purpose of forming a new church; three from Ghent;
teen from the
six-
Krum
The
church, in Hillsdale; and two from

consistory was formed
Kinderhook.
first
December
Joseph
Hoffman, Miller, Philip, Sharp, Mesick, and

town.
24, and was composed of Elders
James
A.
Philip,
;
other distinguished families of the

is
The cemetery
and
is
Horton,
Philip
Bloom, and Isaac
Pinney
Deacons
controlled by the consistory of the church,
a very
quiet and beautiful spot, although
not
.so
neatly kept as
some other cemeteries
in
the county.
ST.
Aaron 0. New, George F. Tator, David S. Ten Broeck, and They were ordained to their respectJeremiah G. Philip. ive offices by the Rev. R. Sluyter, Dec. 25, 1838.
A
THE EVA.NOELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF AT CHUKCHTOW.V,
wxs organized some time before
17.TU.
plain
house of worship had been erected, at Mellen-
THOMAS,
ville,
the
same
year, the corner-stone having been laid on
the 4th
society,
of July.
On
the 13th of December, 1838, this
That year the
which was composed of members living many miles around,

erected
its first
house was dedicated, the sermon being delivered by the Rev. Richard Sluyter, and addresses by Revs. Jacob Berger and
Peter Wynkoop.
served the new church
the aqia-
house of worship.
It
was an unassuming
building
in
the architecture of that period, and was used
The Rev. Sluyter
in
248

supply until
NEW
YORK.
by
revival
city of staled
1842, when the
Rev.
P.
S.
periods the church has been greatly strengthened

efibrts.
Wynkoop assumed charcrc until the fall of the year. On the 18th of October, 1S42. the Rev. John Van
woort was installed as the
first
Der-
The
pastoral connection since
1803 has been

Hart,
as follows:
regular pastor.
This relation
Revs. John Gano, Calvin Philo,
Orchard,
he maintained four years, and was succeeded, March 25,
Samuel Pomeroy, Milo

Peter Prink, John
B.
Tremain, Samuel S. Mallory,

J.
1845, by Rev. John S. Himrod, whose pastorate extended

until
W. Van Horn,
W.
Starkweather,
1851.
office
Rev. John
H. Pitcher was
installed to the
Martin L. Fuller, Daniel Robinson, William Garnett, John

F. Lagrange,
pastoral
Jan. 28, 1852, and continued in that capaOct.

22, 1862, the Rev.
John H. Kent. Solomon Gale,
Wm.
Isaacs
city until
18G1.
A. J. Sebring
Loomis, James A. Metz, James

Daniel
W.
Grant, and the pre.sent,
was
installed,
and has since that period rendered the church
W. Sherwood.
faithful
and
efficient service as pastor.
Under the
ministrations of the foregoing

liavc been
more than four

added
to
;
THE PHILMONT METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This body was organized
.Methodist
in
hundred and seventy members

although
yet
the
1842, as the Mellenville

a
church, most of them uniting on confession of faith
and
Episcopal
church, with
board
of
trustees
many changes have
taken place, the membership

is
composed of
Adam
Miller,
Jeremiah Jones, A. P. Whitney,

B. Stone.
in
numbers nearly two hundred, and the church
to-day
John W. Knapp, and Daniel

ville,
The same year a

it
During Mr. Sebring's pastorate about forty thousand dollars h;i3 been raised for various church
a vigorous body.
frame meeting-house was erected
the village of Mellen-
which was used
for
worship until 1872, when
was
purposes, besides remodeling the meeting-house in 18G8, at

a cost of three thousand dollars.
attractive without being imposing,
.seven
demolished, and a part of the material used in the construction of a very fine chapel in the village of Philmont.
The
and
edifice
is
is
neat and
The
estimated worth
house
is
thirtj-six
by sixty-eight
feet,
and
is
surmounted
sittings.
thousand
dollars.
There are
church
sittings for five

is
hundred
by a shapely tower.
There are four hundred
persons.
Convenient
to the
the parsonage, which
The
cost of the edifice complete

dollars.
wxs eight thousand four
was erected soon

put
in
after the meeting-house,

in
and which was
hundred
corporate
Impressive dedicatory services were held
thorough repair
five
1874.
It is
estimated worth two
Dec. 19, 1872, by Bishop Harris, D.D.

title
At
this time the
thousand
hundred
is
dollars.
of the trustees was changed from Mellen-
The
A.
J.
consistory
at present
composed of President, Rev.

Demarest, Albert C.
Os-
ville to
Philmont.
The
trustees at present are L. B.
Sny-
Sebring
Elders,
E.
L.
der,
G. B. Nickerson, Edward Herrick, Marcus Sherwoo<l,

J. S.
trander,
Wm.
A. Harder,
Almon Harder, and George M. Harder; Deacons, Jr., Henry Miller, James Rogers, and
Sunday
sciiools
and
Parks.
The members number one hundred
Eugene Gardner.
Two
church,
excellent
are
maintained by the
as super-
-one at Mellenville, having
Aaron Philip
intendent, and one in Philmont, under the superintendence
and seven. The clergy of the church' have been, since 1845, Revs. Adee Vail, George C. Bancroft, John Campbell, Denton Keeler, John Davies, David Hervey. Jr., Aaron Hunt, Jr., David Lyman, James G. Bates, De Loss Lull, Amos N.
Mulnix, Oscar Haviland, E. Ashton, and David Gibson.
Until this period, 1868, the church was served in connection with tlie
of George M. Harder.
The aggregate attendance
is
about
one hundred and eighty scholars.
one at Harlemville as a
circuit.
The
circuits
THE WEST UILLSDALE BAPTIST CUURCII, AT MARTINDALE, IN CLAVER.\CK, was organized

at Craryville in
being re-adjusted, Philmont

nected with Claverack
in
then
Mellenville
was
con-
forming a new
circuit.
Since
1803, with eight members.

1,
IS'.i'.i,
that time the pastors have been
Revs. Quincy J. Collins,

the
.society
was duly incorporated June
which,
in
Thomas Lamont, G. W. Knapp, G. D. Townsend, and

present (1878), R. H. Travis.
1.S54, erected the present
house of worship.
It is
an at-
tractive
frame
edifice, forty
by
si.\ty feet,
very pleasantly
A
John
good Sunday-school
Philip
is
is
maintained
by the church.
there
are
located in the southern
part of the hamlet of Martindalo,
the superintendent,
and
one
and was dedicated

George C.
frey, of
June of the following year by Rev. Baldwin. D.D., assisted by Rev. Reuben Jefin
hundred and
fifty
scholars in attendance.
Albany.
uii
Adjoining the church
is
a comfortable
THE METUOUIST
The
present
KPIS'Ol'AL
(.IIUIICII
OF CLAVEIIACIC.
in
parsonage, and
the opposite side of the street the church

is
society
was legally
of
organized
ISdO^
of
cemetery.
lars.
The property
valued at ten thousand dolits
mainly through
the
efforts
President
Flack,
the
The
society also retains
interest in the old Hills-
Hudson River
same year
in
Institute, with
twenty members.
An
un-
dale house, and has an interest in the chapel at Philmont,

at
assuming but comfortable meeting-house was erected the

the village of Claverack. at a cost of nearly
It
both of which
]ilaces services are statedly held.
The church numbers

at
ninety-four communicants, and
is
seven thousand dollars.

persons.
five
has sittings for three hundred

at
present
1878)
officered
by Pastor. D. \V
."^licrwood
The church numbers

is
present about seventyin
Deacons, Benson Simpson and Julius Snyder; and Church

Clerk. Bcn.*on Simpson.
members, and
parsonage
connected with Philmont
forming
The
Sabbatli-.-schoiil
was organized
a circuit,
circuit
having sustained that relation since 18()8.

is
The
nearly thirty years ago. and at present has fifty-five

bers.
mem-
at
Claverack, and
is
a neat
and tasty
good library
is
maintained.
several notable revivals, the one
house.
The church has enjoyed

ill
As
early as
;
1337 ministers were appointed

the
first
to
the Clav-
1842 resulting
in
seventy-one baptisms, and at subsei(ueut
erack circuit
appointee being Rev. Joseph B.

Wakeley.
were
until
NEW YORK.
patriots
249
also appointed, the latter in
The Revs. William Gothard and Hiram Lament From that period 1S40.
the
ness of
some
was shielded from the pursuit of his
enemies, reaching his

in
home
in
Claverack by being concealed
1S51)
church
in
at
Mellenville
represented
the Rev.
the
the day and traveling at night.
Methodist interest
town.
In
1859
Jauies
later, in
The names
be found
tion of
in
of
many who
roll
served
irj
the Revolution
may
G. Bates began his labors, which resulted, a year

the formation of the church, as above stated. the clergy of the church have been Revs.
the
of Col. Hogeboom's regiment, a porat
Since ISGD
which may have been engaged
Saratoga and
James N. Shaffer, Charles W. Lyon, W. S. Bouton, W. E. Clark, Quincy J. Collins, Thomas Lamont, G. W. Knapp, G. D. Towiisend,
and, in 1S78, R. H. Travi.s.
other northern points.
In 1812, Claverack furnished a number of soldiers

resist the British
to
encroachments, among them being Gen.
Jacob R. Van
der,
Rens.selaer, Capt. Fonda, Capt.
John
.^lartin,
Lieut. Jacob Rossman,
John A. Wagner, Benjamin
.Sny-
TRINITY CHl'RCa
PROTEST.^NT EPISCOP.\.l) OF CLAVER.KCK.
and John C. Shultz.
Prior to 1S53 occasional Episcopal services were hold in

the old stone chapel
Henry Van Dusen was a member of Co. C, Third Regiment United States Infantry, in the 3Iexican war.
In the
late conflict
on the Flack place.
But
in
1S53
between the southern States and the

to
the Rev. Fred. T. Tiffany began
his missionary labors in

in
government the town cheerfully voted the aid necessary

fill
the village of Claverack, which resulted
the formation
the quotas under the several calls for support.
of a parish, July 23, 1856, organized aa follows: Rector,

Fred. T. Tiffany
;
On
another page
will
be
found a
list
containing the
Wardens, Daniel B. Stow, Jabcz Pai-sons
names of the
;
soldiers credited to the
town by the adjutant-
Vestrymen, John Rowley, John A. Labugh, Horatio G.
general of the State that have .served the country in the

late Rebellion.
Adams,
II.
Isaac L.
Shaw, Fred. Mcsick, A. K. Hadly,
W.
Clark, and David Crego.
In
1S5S a very neat chapel, with one hundred and

dollars, in
thirty sittings, was erected, costing five thou.sand
which was consecrated

York.
death,
1806, by Bishop Potter, of
New
his
GEORGE
The
very
bridge,
fine
The Rev.
Sept.
2,
Tiffany's rectorship continued until
1863.
From
that time until
1865 the
W. PHILIP.
with
the
parish was vacant.
became the
rector,
That year the Rev. Frank Harrison remaining until October, 1SG7. His
reader will notice, on another page of this work, a
landscape-view,
Philmont
reservoir,
successor was the Rev.
John Downie,
until
until
January, 1870.
and hosiery-mills and
r&sideiice
of George
W.
In July following the Rev. William C. Prout became the

rector,
Philip in the foreground, and the CaLskills and intervening
and served the parish
1877.
Next followed
a few
landscape in the distance.
The
residence of Mr. George
the Rev. K. A. Hartraan,
who remained but
months.
W.
Philip stands on an elevation overlooking the villages

field
In October, 1877, the Rev. Joseph Hooper was called to

the spiritual leadership of the parish, and
rector.
is
of Philmont and Mellenville, with an extended
of
the present
view embracing the whole range of the Catskills.
The
parish
numbers
si.^teen
families
and
thirty-
Our
origin
past.
subject comes of a long line of ancestors, whose

is
four communicants.
bers,
is
Sunday-school, having forty
mem-
almost
lost
in
the impenetrable ob.seurity of the
maintained.
parish officers are:
II.
The present
Rector, Joseph Hooper;

J. J.
The
paternal
grandRither of
Mr. George
W.
Philip,
Wardens, W. H. Philip,
Studley, Fulton Ludlow,
G.
Adams; Vestrymen,
Wm.
A. Tiffany, and F. J. Studley.
George Philip, was born at Claverack, Columbia county, in 1752, and his wife, whose maiden name was Jane Ostrander, was horn at
.Îumbaekus. in the same county, in

viz.,
THE
Revolutionary period.
tre of
MILIT.A.RV
HISTORY
1755.
They were
the parents of eight children,
John,
of Claverack embraces some of the stirring events of the
William, Peter, James, Henry, Margaret, Eva, and Catharine.
Althougli the town was not the theaits
George Philip died

in
in
1806,
at
.aged
fifty-three years,
any engagements between the contending armies,
and his wif> died

years.
(ieorL'C
1828,
the age of .seventy-three
inhabitants were open and
avowed
aii<l
in
their expressions of
H.'W
Philip was a
man
of marked ability.
He
parto
loyalty to the .Vmerieaii eau.<e.

its defen.se
not a
in
h.isteiird to
was bv occupation a
ticipated
this great
tliroU'.rliout
blaiksiuitli
and fanner, and ho
and tonk an active part

Col.
several of the gri'at

Ren.s<elaer,
the
war that gave itidependenee

in
battles
of that war.
Henry
\'an
Philip.
Peter
republic as a captain, and
the commissary
Van
Rens.selaer,
Capt.
(reorge
Lieuts.
Thomas
department.
Williams and
Peter
.Mesiek,
.Îiller,
Major Richard
Iv-iselstyne,
His father's familv were among the

Scrabble,
first settlers at
Hard
Michael Hess, Jeremiah

in this
and others, may be named
now known
as
.^lelleiiville,
and here he lived
the
connection. John Jacobie was one of the party of "Sons of Liberty' that tore down the statue of King
until his death as stated above.
William G., the second son of Captain Philip, was boin

at
tlii^
George and transformed the leaden iin:i'_'i' intu iiullets. He aUo partiei|iatcd at .Saratoga. Charles Jeokii.s ua- taken
prisoner by the Briti.ih. and for nearly a year w;ls eoijlined
in
old
homestead
part of hin
in
Hard
Si-rabbie in
17>1.
He
in
til.'
earlv
life
followed survrying and selling
ôods, and afterwards farming and manufacturing woolen

'.roods, in
the
old sugar-house" in
Niw
York.
He
Knally escaped
connection with his brothers, Janies and
lli'nry,
through a window of the
buildiin:,
and through the kind-
at
the place
now known
as
Philmont.
He
also
became
250

of
p;rcat
NEW
YORK.
man
influence
among
in
tire
a large circle of acquaint-
family to the United States in the year 1824, and in the
ances, and very useful

ancer.
various duties of a convey-
year 1828 they settled in what
is
now known
as
Philmont.
The
was married
in parly life to
place was then a mere hamlet of half a dozen dwelling-
He
Miss Cliristina Storm, of

in
houses, a small woolen-mill, and a grist-mill.
the same county.
She was born
1788.
They were the
were employed
in
the woolen-mill of
until
parents of George
W. and
In
Catharine (who were twins), and

Christina Fliilip died in ISl!),
Mr. James Aken remained here

tered the service of A.
it
The family James Philip it Co. 18o3, when he enwoolen-manuIn
Peter S. and Jane E.
Mr.'-.
W. Van
lioesen,
aged
tliirty years.
1821),
William G.
wa.'^
married
to
facturers, at Stuyvesant Falls,
Columbia county.
IS35
Miss Catlina Funda, of Clavcrack. were two children,

living, an
By thi.s marriage there Abram and Emma. This lady is still

in ITtl", in the in
1S.'J3, at
he took charge of Huntington's factory for the manufacture

of earpct-yarns, located near Claverack village, Columbia
county, in which business he continued for five years.
aged lady, she having been born
In
city of
Albany.
William G. died
the age of
1840 he entered the Tivoli
woolcii-mill at
Albany, owned
fifty-one years.
by the palroon. Van Rensselaer, where he remained until

at
George W. was born

of March, 180U.
Hard
Scrabble, on the
.Sflth
day
1845, when he removed to Cohoes, where he took charge

of the carding and spinning department in the knittingmill of
In his boyhood he attended the
common
schools of the d,iy and assisted on the farm.
In 1820, at
Egberts
in
it
Bailey,
which was then the oidy estabby power machinery. In 1847
twenty years of age, he was united
in
marriage to Miss
lishment
the country Kir the manufacture of shirts and

.stitch
Anna M.
Miller,
of Claverack.
lie
continued on
for the
his
drawers of regular
he removed
to
father's farm for the next year,
and then
next two
Philmont, and entered into partnership with
years he carried on
tiie
farm for his father-in-law.

in
He
Geo. P. Philip in the manufacture of woolen goods, in a

mill just erected
then purchased a small fium
Claverack, where he re-
on the newly-devcloped water-power at

years, devoting
mained four
heirs the old
years.
He
then sold out and purchased of the

in Melleiiville,
it.
that place.
]
Here he remained about seven
homestead
which he kept two
himself entirely and energetically to

business in which he had embarked
in
;
the success of the
years,
and then disposed of
Ills
next move was to buy
but a great depression
a grist-mill in Philmont, which ho ran two years, and then
the woolen trade in the years

to
1853-54 occasioned very
changed
it
to a paper-mill.
At the end of
four years he
serious loss
the firm, and Mr.
Aken withdrew and

&,
re-
exclianged his paper-mill for a farm of six hundred and

forty acres in
lage,
turned
sons,
to (Johocs,
where, in connection with Root they

purclnuscd
a
Par-
Greene county, four miles from
Catskill vil-
of
Albany,
knitting-mill,
and
lie retained this property four years, and then exit
commenced the manufacture of

ticarly
shirts
and drawers.
Indeed,
The
changed changed
for a carpet-mill in the village

in
of I'hilmont.
He
business proved very lucrative, paying in about eight

the
entire cost of the
mill.
it
months
was too
'
manufactured carpels
it
this
mill for
two years, and then
into a knitting-factory.
in
In 1872, Mr. Philip met

the burning of his mills.
lucrative for
siiiiilid"
Mr. Aken
to continue in
it,
and he was
per-
with a severe loss financially
by the pressure of superior capital

to
to sell out
and
His
lars,
losses
by
this fire
were over forty-seven th(m.sand dol-
relinc(uish his interest
his partners,
whose importunity
and
in
addition to this he lost the same year over

;
would not be denied.
In
December of the same year he

it
twenty-five thousand dollai'S in other directions

the energy of his more youthful years he
is
but with
purchased a set of knitting machinery, and operated

Albia and sub.sequently at
he sold out and
Ida Hill, near Troy.
In
at
trying to re-
1857
cover his losses, having erected a

mill on the site of the old one.
new and
substantial brick
purchased a small mill at Land Lake,
In July. 1872. just preloss of his wife,
Rensselaer county, where he carried on the same business,
vious to the
at tlie
fire,
he met with the
who
died
and which he subsec|uently eidarged
to
over four
sets.
In
ago of sixty-four years.
She was the mother of nine

.Viidrew,
childien.
named
all
as
follows:
Christina, William,
18G2 he punha.-ed an additional water-power, and erected a new mill, which he ran in connection with the old one.
Here
-Mr.
Jane, Margaret, John, Catharine. Gertrude, and
Emma.
all
Aken conducted many

Ills
business very successfully and
Of
these
arc living except \\'illiam and Jane, and
are
profitably,
and accumidated a hand.somc property.

of the ups and downs of
to
life,
He
calm
has
married and have families.

l'^7-">, .Îr.
On
in
the 2i^th clay of December,
experienced
tasted
and has
eli-
Philip
lie
filled
the vacancy in his
home bv
Philip
a .second
11.
of enough adversity
entitle
him
Delia
to the
marriage.
was united
marriage
to Mi.ss
Cynthia
is
jovineiit of
Ill
present prosperity.
Cuwpertlnvait. of Pendierton. N. J.
.Mr.
man
are
ls:i;i
Mr. Aken married

.'î.'v
Amanda
IJritt,
of Ircene
(
now advanced
life
in life,
but very active and enterprising, and

(if
Co., N. y.
still
children were born to them, of
whom
five
in the full eiijiiyment
good health.
the
Of
fruit
of a long
liviiiL'.
of frugal and temperate habits.

kind, and .sympathetic, with
Iniii:
a iiatiue naturally
sociable,
vii'W:
ennîstint
Christian
time inrmber of the Rtfirnud church
in
politics a liepubliuaii,
and aiming men alw.iys a
geiilleinan.
NELSON
a son of
P.
AKEN,
in
I
James and .\inanda Aken, was horn
the town of
s:;'.l.
lA.MliS
KEN
[lart
Claverack, Colnniliia Co., N. V., in the year
After
age, at
leaving the district .-chool he was placed, at an
I'arly
was
lu-ar
el.i.vs
liorn in the
y.ar Islli
in
\\u-
in
the northern
nf
Iri'laiid,
Speiiecrtown .Xeadnnv. wln'ic he remained several terms,
C.ikTaiiie.
i-chmiIv
of Aiitrini.
bring of the
his
and
Was sulisec|Ueotly
coin|iletcd
all
eiiteri'd
at
Fort
Plain
Semiii.iry,
known
as Scoteh-[ri:>li.
He
canie with
father's
where he
the education he ever accjuired at
James Aken.
l^tLSON P Aken

any
from
institution of learning.
251
The design of
his parents
was
of a thread, instantly stops the machine.
Although
this
to give
him
a liberal education, but unexpected losses arising
device has since been greatly elaborated, to Mr. N. P.

is
Aken
a great depression in the
woolen business,
it
in whicli his
if
due the
credit of first conceiving
and applying
it
to these
father was then embarked, rendered

impossible, to do so.
inexpedient,
not
machines.
To Mr, Aken
for the
is
aLso
due the
credit of inventing
He
had, however,
made good use of

became
proficient
and using,
cylinder,
purposes of drying, the steam copper

to the cloth a
the opportunities already afforded him, and

in several
which imparts
more perfect
finish,
branches of study, especially that of chemistry,

to excellent use in his
and obviates the necessity
for
large steam-heated
rooms
which he turned
enterprises.
subsequent business
formerly used for the same purpose, and imperfectly accomplishing the
After leaving Fort Plain Seminary he entered
same
object.
But perhaps of
in
all
the devices and
a knitting-mill, in which his father was then a partner, and
improvements made by him
the maimfacture of these
subsequently was employed

ting department in
in
and had charge of the knit-
goods, none are so profitable to the discoverer as Mr. Akcn's
various mills at Colioes, Troy,

to
Sand
method of bleaching, and

held
this
we
trace
directly
is
to
his
Lake, and elsewhere,
which brancli of the business he
knowledge and love of chemistry.

against
intruders.
This process
a secret
devoted himself until the winter of 1862.
During those
by him alone, and one which

all
he jealou.sly guards
it is
eight years he had become master of his business, and his
In this connection
pleasant to
to be,
aptitude for mechanics, wiiich seems to have been almost

intuitive,
remark that these inventions have been, and continue

a source of considerable profit to the inventor.
had displayed
at
itself in
many
ingenious devices.
In 18G2 he located
Philmont, where he commenced
Mr. Akeu
is
an open-handed, free-hearted
call
man, ever
in
manufacturing knit underclothing, and from a very humble

beginning, with a small mill and one set of machinery, has
gradually arisen a business of very large proportions.
ready to respond to the

all
of the needy, and foremost
that
is
likely to benefit the place of his residence.
The
His
growth and prosperity of the village of Philmont has been

in a very great
present mills are very fine and imposing structures, built of

brick,
measure consequent upon the growth and

has risen to
its
and of four and

being
five
in
stories
respectively
the one
prosperity of Mr. Aken's business enterprises, and from a
recently erected
size
one hundred and ten by and

in
comparatively insignificant village

tions,
it
fair
propor-
two hundred and twenty-four
feet,
every department,
and can justly claim a place among

of Mr.
sister villages
in all its appointments, appliances,
and equipments, being
of the State.
.
beyond
all
quesrion
the model mill of the State.
Both
The
life
Aken has been one of unceasing
activity,
mills are operated
by steam and water-power conjointly or

;
and the work he has performed and the objects he has accomplished would be regarded with admiration, even as the
result of the efforts of a
separately, as occasion requires
the former being furnished
by powerful "
Corliss" engines,
and the
latter
by the
latest
man
of rugged health and iron
improved turbine wheels.

chinery, giving
There are
in operation
at the
constitution
cate
but when viewed as the work of a

organization,
man of
deli-
present time twenty-seven complete sets of knitting-ma-
physical
battling with disease, and

affections
at
employment
to
three hundred operatives,
times suffering
from
pulmonary
which would
about one-half of
are
whom
are females.
Six additional sets
render most persons utterly unfit for any of the active pursuits of
life,
now being placed in position, and when in operation the whole number of operatives will be about four hundred,
and the product of the
shirts
can be regarded as
little less
than marvelous. marriage

to
In
1S59, Mr.
Aken was united

is
in
Miss
mills will
be five hundred dozen
Eliza Laing, of Ballston Spa, and
the father of two chil-
and drawers per day.

knit goods by machinery
.Mr,
is
dren
of com-
one, a daughter,
call
is still
living.
The manufacture of
paratively recent date,
We
mills
attention to sketches
by our
artist
of Mr. Aken's
subject of this
engaged
in
the
James Akcn, the father of the sketch, w;is among the earliest of tho.so who business; and a person who to-day witnesses
and residence on other pages of
this work.
the operation of the manufacture of knit goods, the perfection of the
machinery, and the wonderful precision of

little
its
THOMAS CARROLL.
may be found a view of the Thomas Carroll, in the beautiful and picturc.S(|ue village of Philmont. The owner of this beautiful and cusy home is a bale, fine-looking gentleman
work, can form but
idea of the obstacles encountered,
On
another page of this work
the difficulties overcome or avoided in the manufacture of the same goods in the crude state of the
ait.
residence and grounds of
One
of the
greatest difficulties, and one wliicli appeared lu be aliuo.>t in-
surmountable, was the breakage of needles and thread, and

con.sei|uent loss of time, occasioned
in
the prime and vigor of manhood, who. by his unaided
mainly by yarn which
exertions, has aci|uired a very comfortable fortune.
He
is
could not be spun with sufficient uniformity of size and

texture to insure a free and continuous working of the
knitting-frames without serious imperfection to the goods.
the son
of John Carroll
(now
Co.,
doce;Lsed),
and one of a
family of six brothers and three halfsisters.

at StockiH.rt, in
He
was born
Columbia
N.
Y.,
.May 20, IS-K).

his family to
At
This difficulty was happily overcome by the subject of this

sketch, who, at the early age of .seventeen years, invented,
four years of ago his fithcr

straw, and afterwards to
removed
Haver-
New
York. Brooklyn, ami various
patented, and applied to machines then
in
use the
first
stop-
other places, following his occupaticjn of ealico-iirintor and
motion, so far as
knitting-frames.
is
known, that ever was applied

this
to circular
woolen-manufacturer.
By means of
to
simple and ingenious
The mother
children.
of our subject died
when he was
thirteen
device the machine becomes almost automatic.

(ibstacle
The
least
years old, leaving his father with a family of seven suiall
[iresentcd
the needle, even the eajual brraking
Up
to this
time
Thomas had few
adv.iritages for

acquiring even
tlie
XKW
YORK.
a
ruJinionts of an education, he having the mills-at a

still
Mr. Solomon Barton was

istics,
been put to work

liis
in
earlier ago.
After
an unflinching friend of
man of ver}' marked charactertiro down trodden and opmight.
mother's death he was legally adopted by Mr. George
pressed, and a fearless advocate of right against

]\Iany anecdotes
trials in
Golden, of Greene Co., N. Y., with

lionie until his majority.
whom
lie
made
his
and
stories are related of his sacrifice
and
At seventeen
years of age he bebusiness,
the cause of temperance and the abolition of slavery.

for his
came desirous of learning the paper-manufacturing

to
He
but
at
one time,
outspiken
efforts in behalf
of temcitizens;
and. after obtaining the eoiisont of Mr. Golden, he hired out
perance, was burnt in effigy by an excited

it
mob of
Mr.
\Villiani
R. Dingman, of Leeds, Greene Co., where

a in
must be remembered
this
was before the days of
he remained three years, during which time he became

pnieticai
Washingtonians,
cieties.
Good Templars, and
paper-maker.
in
At
the
age
to
of twenty-one,
In the old dayi of slavery
Red Ribbon somany a poor runaway

in
1SG2, he was united
marriage
Mi.ss
Frances Jones,
from the south found a refuge and protector
Mr. Solo-
a daugliter of Jeremiah Jones, of I'hilniont. that time at

I'hihnont.
He was
at
in
mon
Barton,
who would
.spare
no
.sacrifice
or risk to assist
work
for
Horton Harder,
in his paper-mill
the fleeing, panting fugitive on to liberty.
He
was engaged as a workman, superintendent,

Excelsior paper-mills of Philmont for a
Stephen K. Barton was born
at
Kinderhook, on the Gth

miller, attending the
and
lessee of the
day of May, 1820; he was reared a
period of eighteen years, during whicii time ho also leased
common
all
schools,
and assisting
in the mill
and on the farm

left
and ran the Philmont paper-mill

liis
for
one year.
In 1875,
through his younger years.
He
never
the old home,
lease
having expired, he retired from active business,
and after his Aether's death he came into possession of the

farm and mills by purchase from the other
In 1864, Mr. Stephen
with
heirs. in
with the exception of buying out the Port Byron Paper
Company, which
sold out,
g-ages.
,,
mill he ran for about one year,

in dealing in stocks, in
and then
Barton was united
marriage
and engaged
bonds, and mort-
Miss Mary E. Neally, of Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y.

fruits
Mr. Carroll presents
his career as a business
The
of this marriage are two children,
Annie
A.
man,
a useful lesson to the poor, struggling, but ambitious
and Stephen
W.
The farm
consists of about one
hundred
t.^^
boy, starting as he did with nothing but willing hands and
acres of fine fertile lands,
and the mill and residence are
*y
untiring energy, and by prudence and economy accumulating the nucleus of a fortune
situated in a romantic spot on the
main road from Philluis
and an independent position
mont
to Martindale.
Mr. Barton
by
his
business in-
among men.
tegrity
and honorable character won the e.steem and confiall
dence of
his
ac(|uaintances,
and nobly sustains the

is
ii
reputation his father enjoyed before him, and which
STEPHEN
Some time
Island, one in
K.
BARTON.
;
characteristie trait of the Friends or Quakers, under
whose
before the Revolutionary war three brothers
teachings he grew up to manhood.

this brief sketch of the family record
V\'e present
our readers
of this name came from England
one settled
in
Rhode
of an esteemed citizen
Vermont, and one
in
Dutchess Co., N. Y.
of Clavcrack, and elsewhere

the
in
these pages a fine view of
Captain Barton, of Rhode Island, during the war assisted

ii]
home and
mills of the Bartons.
the capture of a British general on
Long
Island
he was
Uiken from his bed at night and carried over to the main
land,
and delivered over
to the rebel authorities.
DAVID
Along with
profes-sional
tiie
CRIJGO.
Van Burens, Ilogebooms,
and
it
Caleb Barton, the paternal gr.indfatlier of our subject,
history of the
was a resident of Dutchess county, and was a miller and

manufacturer of paper.
viz.
:
Vanderpoels, and
hosts of other statesmen, judges,
Ho
reared a family of six children,
celebrities
real
of Columbia county,
is
fitting
Solomon, Hull, Stephen, Caleb, Phebe, and Sarah.

to
that
some of the
representatives of the |)eople should
Solomon, the eldest son, grew up

Miss
manhood, and married

in
be noticed, that the
men upon whose shoulders
the bur-
Amy
Green.
Soon
after,
he settled at Valatie,
dens and responsibilities of this great republic chiefly rest
Columbia county.
At
in
this
time (1S17; there were three

is
should be assigned their proper place

of these
in these annals.
And
old grist and saw-mills in
what
now
Valatie.
Solomon
has lung
here became engaged

its
milling on the Valatie creek, near

;
outlet into
Kinderhook crerk
the nld
mill
we may mention David Crego, of Clavcrack. He was the .sun of David Crego, who was horn in Columbia countv, and was in.irriid to .Mi.-s Susannah Poultncy. They
reared a family
I'f
since di.sa[ipeared.
Of
the nilior mills, une was

tin'
owned by
family
;
nine children,
named
as follows:
Clari^,â,
Polly,
Charles
II.
Coleman, and
site
other by a
Van Buren
.Îallorys.
William, Fanny, Betsey, Thankful, Zubah,

liiie,
Kme-
and on the present
of the old
Wilde eotton-mill,
at
and David.
to
that time stood the earding-niill uf the
About
this
Havid Crego,. Sr., lived

fivi.'
the advanced age uf ninetyat the

."sr.,
the year 1832, Mr. Solomon Barton remnved to Clavcrauk,
years.
Mrs. .Susaimah Crego died in 1S4S, After her death,

;
age
and purcha.^cd the Coukinghain
null
and pruperty. and

his
of .leventy-one.
.Îl.
Ciegu,
was
became
his
permanent residence
until
death, in 1S02,
his
married to Mrs. Landrus

inarria!.:e.
there were no childjcn
by this
at the age of .seventy-one years.
His widow survived

at
tlie
She
al.-û
died ^êveral years before his decea.se.
death two years, dying

years.
in
l.-^ljt,
age uf scveiity-tlnee
D.ivid Cre^'O, Jr., was born in
the town of Lebanun, on
They were
the parents of Kdwin, Phebe. Elizabeth,

J..
the IDth day of Januaiy, ISI.'i; .suon after his birth
the
Ann, Stephen K., Owen, Thomas

Siilomon.
Frances
W., and
all
family removed to Hillsdale, where they remained seventeen

years
;
Of these
all
are living except
Owen, and
are
they then sold uut, and removed
to
Chatham Four
and
.i.^si^teil
married except Thunias J.
Corners,
David attended the
eoiiinion >eliocils,

in the labors of the
NKW YORK.
;
253
farm until several years after
lie
became
W., who are both married

with the parents.
and by his second wife he
of age.
in
At
the age of twenty-two, in 1834, he was united

to
has two children, Charles S. and Sarah B., both at
home
marriage
Miss Sarah Briggs, of Dutchess county.
In
1834 he
sold out in
Chatham, and pureha.sed

in the
farm of two
Mr. Crego
as one of the
,
is a
good farmer, and hi^ farm

fertile
is
widely
known
hundred and twenty-five acres
town of Claverack,
most
pays
and productive
in the
Claverack
beautifully situated about one mile south of Claverack village,
valley.
He
much
attention to the breeding of fine
which has ever since been his home.

Mrs. Crego died in 1851, at the age of thirty-six years,
cows, principally of the Alderney blood.
Mr. Crego
is
man
1 I
of solid character, temperate
in his habits, affable in
and
and
VTc
and two years
later
Mr. Crego
filled
the vacancy in his
courteous in his demeanor, honorable
his dealings,
all.
household by choosing another companion, 3Iiss

Sackctt, of Dutchess county.
Anna H.
enjoys and deserves the confidence and esteem of

Call
'
the particular attention of the reader to the fine view
By
his first wife he has
two sons, Walton 0. aud George
of his farm-home in another part of this work.
LIVINGS TO
Livingston was
county.
It
:Nr.
originally the northern part of Dutchess

tract
pake creek flows through the northeastern
part,
and the
embraced a
of land extending from a
Kleina and Dove Kills have a westerly course south of the

centre of the town into the RoelofF Jansen Kill,* which
flows northwest into the
point five miles .south from Hudson, twelve miles along the
Hudson
"
river,
and eastward
to the Mas,sachusetts line-about
Hudson.
Near
their outlet these
twenty miles.
In 1715 this territory was constituted the

invested with court privileges
streams have deep and rocky channels, affording good waterpower, but in most of their courses they flow through broad
Manor of Livingston," and

it
by the king of Great Britain.

1772,
On
the 24th of March,
and
fertile
meadows.
There are
also a
number of brooks,
was formed into a

the
election
to
district
civil
under an act which

In
and
in the southciLstcrn part
of the town several small lakes
authorized
of
the
officers.
1786 the
of clear and fresh water.

as
manor was attached

on the 7th
new county
of Columbia, and
of March,
1788, was organized as a town.

ofiF
The largest and finest are known Twin lakes, and are much frequented by fishermen. The soil is usually fertile, varying from a sandy loam to
admixed with gravel and small
stones,
Germantown was taken

was reduced
to its
from the original manor

in
in
a fat clay, or a clay
1710, and Clermont from the district
1787.
The town
with occasional ledges of limestone or slaty rock outcropping the surface. although lately
present area, twenty-two thousand eight
Grass and rye are the principal products,

attention has been paid to the culti-
hundred square
eastern pan.
acres, or nearly thirty-six scjuare miles, in
much
1803, by the formation of Taghkanic and
Ancram from
first
its
vation of small fruits and apples, and the yearly return
from these sources forms much of the wealth of the town.

its
Livingston received
name from
the
lord of the
In early times
much
of the town was covered with fine
manor, and
is
south from the centre of the county, borderto
growths of timber, chiefly oak and pine, and a limited

quantity of these stately trees yet remain. In the central
part of the town, on the Kleina Kill, was a grove of un-
ing on the Hudson from the town of Greenport south

RoeloflF Jansen's Kill,
and extending
southeiist along that
stream to
line,
its
southernmost bend, near the Dutchess county
usual beauty, locally
known
as the " Pict
Bush."
thence north along the towns of Gallatin and T.ighits
kanic to the town of Claverack on
northeast, being
LIVINGSTON P.\TENTS AND EARLV SETTLERS.
almost triangular in shape.
The topography of
principal
the town
is
somewliiit varied.
In
The
They
original land titles
and patents covering the
soil
of
the west are local elevations of considerable height, the
the town are treated at length in another part of this book.

are, briefly,
one
being Oak
hill,
near the Greenport
an Iridiun purchase,
made July
12, l(iS3,
line.
From
this the country slopes south
and west towards the
by Robert Livingston, of two thousand acres of land along

the
Hudson.
Eastward
is
Blue
hill
and other ranges contain-
ing mineral deposits, chiefly iron ore, although indications
patent,
Hudson and Roeloff Jansen's Kill, confirmed by granted by Governor Thomas Dongan. Nov.
a
4,
of lead appear in
certain
localities.
In the central part
1084.
second Indian purchase, by the same party, of
the town forms a handsomely-undulated plateau, and on
three hundred acres of meadow-land in Taghkanic,

10, 1G85, for
Aug.
the eastern line
it
is
somewhat broken by
hills,
whose
is
which
patent was i.ssucd
Aug. 27. 16S5.
sur-
faces are generally arable.

attractive,
The
general landscape
very
And
last,
a grant to
Robert Livingston, by Governor Thomas

all
and
as most' of the
it
resources have given
may be cultivated, its prominent place among the towns

land
so
Dongan, July 22, 1686, of

lands of
the remaining and adjoining
what was afterwards constituted the manor of

after RoelotT J;in.;iii
of the county.
localities,
Although not
well
watered as some
is
Numcd
official
uf
llie
Uuluh
the natural drainage of Livingston
guod.
Co-

Livingston.
NEW
but
YORK.
now
its
the entire tract (including
tlio
two purcluiscs
I
hundred
years,
site
can hardly
its
be
traced.
and
first
patents) containing abt)ut one liuudrcd. iind .sixty
Notluug LuLa
pile
of rubbish marks
former place.
thou-saiid
two hundred and forty acres.
It will
be seen that
'
In 1715, having secured a lordship for his manor, Mr.
the greater portion of this land was never acquired by virtue
Livingston endeavored
vincial
to
secure a representation in the I*roin
of an Indian
title,
but was bestowed upon Livingston by a
Assembly, a privilege which he obtained

this
1716.
direct patent from the provincial government.
This was
j
From
I
period until 1720 he represented the
made
the
biisis
of subsei|uent claims, which resulted
in
the
delegate,
till
and served as
manor as speaker of the Assembly from

and two
in
long and unhappy controversies between the lords of the
17 IS
yeai's
1725.
He
retired to private life in 1720,
manor and the then

conflicts.
tenants,
and
led
to several .sanguinary
later died
on the manor, and was buried

at Linlithgo.
the vault
in
These struggles and the
final disposition
of the
under the church
which he erected
lord
1721.
matter are considered elsewhere, and are here omitted to

avoid repetition.
Robert
Livingston, the
first
of the manor, was

in this di-
shrewd, persistent, and very acquisitive, his zeal

rection leading
On
veyed
the 2Glh of October, 109-1, Robert Livingston conto Derick
him sometimes
to
adopt questionable methalways exerted himself to
Wessels Ten Broeck six hundred acres of
ods to advance his interests.
He
land lying on the
Hudson, and twelve hundred acres on

of September, 1710,
to
obtain riches, and strove continually to promote his family

interests.
both sides of the Roeloff Jansen Kill, east of the present

village of
Clermont; and on the
'l\il\i
He
was married July
9,
1079,
to
Alida Schuyler, widow
he sold six thousand acres along the Hudson
Queen
the
of the Rev. Nicholas

children, five of
ert,
Van
Rensselaer, by
to
whom
he had nine
Philip,
Anne,
for the use
of the Palatines.
The remainder of
whom grew
mature years,
Rob-
extensive domain was conveyed by Livingston to his children, and entailed upon
Gilbert, Jlargaret,
and Joanna.
them and 1715 the
their successive heirs by

settled
Gilbert, the youngest son,

keepsie,
became
a resident of
Pough-
the
name of Livingston.
life-leases.
The grant was

royal
by tenants
and was the grandfather of the celebrated divine,

the lord of the
holding
In
government con-
the Rev.
firmed the grants of the province, and erected the whole

into a lordship, under the
John H. Livingston. To Robert, the second son,

all
manor
be-
name of
the "
Manor of Livingbe-
queathed, Feb. 10, 1722,
that part of the
manor lying
ston,"
and bestowed the usual court and baronial privileges

Robert Livingston thus
lord of the manor, with
south of the Roelofi' Jansen Kill, except the land belonging

to the Palatines
of that day upon the manor.
and other parties named
in the will of that
came the
firet
power
to constitute a
date.
This afterwards became Clermont, and the subseis
court-baron, and appoint officers thereof, and after 17 10

his tenants were
quent history of that branch of the family

connection.
Philip, the oldest son,
given in that
empowered
to elect a
manor
in
the Assembly of the
member from the province. The Livingston

successive
lords
bein'.r
became the second lord of the

Brugli,
family enjoyed the privileges of their lordship until the
manor.
His children were Robert, Peter Van
Revolution
broke the
entail,
the
John, Philip, Henry, William, Sarah, Alida, and Catharine.

Philip, the fourth son of Lord
J'hilip,
;
Robert, the grantee, of the second

lord.
I'hilip,
his son,
and Robert,
Jr.,
son
became
a distin-
guished merchant
at
in
New York city
was one of the signers
Robert Livingston was born

13, 1054.
Ancram
Scotland, Dec.
of the Declaration of Independence, and a devoted patriot.
His
father,
of more than ordiiniry
John Livingston, was a clergyman ability, who was obliged to flee from
the
religious
The
sixth son, William,
became the governor of
New
Jersey, and held that position during the Revolution, to the
Scotland on account of
prevailed
persecution
age.
which
good of the American cause.

hoist Livingston, States.
He was
the father of Brock-
when Robert was about twelve years of
He
.son
who became
chief-justice of the
United
took up his abode at Rotterdam, Holland, where his
applied himself to the aci|uisition of the Dutch language,

receiving at the
father.
One
of the daughters of the second lord of the ni.inor
same time a thorough education from

old,
his
married John
Van
in
Rensselaer, the proprietor of Claverack.
In 1074, Robert came to America, and although
Philip Livingston
never resided at the manor-house, but
but twenty years

council
at
was
at
once given a position
in
the
had
his
his
home
in
Albany and
New York
1725.
city.
He succeeded
in
Albany.
He
soon alter
became
.lecrctary
fifty
of
father
many
of the offices he held, and became a

in in
Indian
atfairs.
a i)osition which he
filled
nearly
years.
member of
the council
He
died
174'J.
and
The knowledge he
there acquired aided
him
in his
business
was thereafter inhumed
the family vault at Linlithgo.
operations, and accounts for the success which attended his
His eldest son, Robert, born Dec. 25, 1708, became the
last lord
speculations in real estate.

offices
Having been deposed from

w;us re-instated
his
in
of tlu minor on his father's d;ath, ami continued
by the opposition government, he

trip
until the Revolution.
His children were Peter R., Walter,

.Mrs.
1705, after a most venturesome
to
England, suffering,
Ribcrt C, John, Henry, .Miry,
Jamjs Daane, Alida,
among
who
to
other privations, shipwreck upon an unfriendly coast,
Mrs. Valentine Gardiner, C.ulierine, and .Mrs.

terson.
John Patcity,
lie contracted with the

settled
government
to subsist
the Palalines,
Peter R. became a merchant

lo.sses
in
New York
on a portion of his grant, amassing from this
but met with such heavy
that
he was obliged to
and other
.sources considerable wealth,

v;Lst
which he employed
In
li'i'M
is
advance the interests of his

a manor-house
in
estate.
neitr
he
the
Returning to the manor, he com. retire from business. menced the building of ' The Hermitage'' some time during
the Revolution.
It a
erected
[iresont
niitil
Livinirstcm,
where
was begun on a magnificent

f(prty
scale,
the
railroad station, but did
not
him.self reside there
plan
embracing
hall
fret
si|Uare,
on the sides of
Alter
1711.
Theori"iiial house stood there uiorc than one
which were spacious rooms and grand cntrance-wajs.

liavin^ carried up the walls to the height of one storv, a
northern part of the town, where, some time before 1800,

he- erected,
roof was placed over the structure, and

tliat
it
yet remains
in
upon a beautiful eminence, commanding a view
condition.
The
of
historian,
William
Smith,
was
a a
of the country
tensive
many
miles
around, a residence whose ex
brother-in-law
visit to in
Peter R. Livin;rston, and, while on
proportions and beauty have not been excelled in

It
bis
homo, wrote a portion of the history of

rooms.
Now
the county.
Place."
is
was long known as the
"The Widow Mary's

Johnstown,
left in
York
Robert
one of those quaint

Jjivinjrston's
will,
By the terms of executed May 31, 1784, the

wiiicli
A
He
grand.son,
Henry W..
this
living south of
the only
member of
is
branch of the family

descendant
of
the
;;reater portion
fallen
ter's
of the manor
would naturally have
town.
Grraee,
also
maternal
Count dc
distin-
to Peter
his oldest son, wa.s devised to the Jat-
the companion of
Lafayette, and
equally
in the
children.
The
the
oldest of these
was Robert Thong,

it
guished for his service in the American cause

lution.
Revo-
who
ter,
inherited
old
manor-hou.se, and
was he who daugh-
erected the present manor-house.
His only
child, a
Robert C. Livingston became a ni-^rchant

city
in
New York
to his
married Alexander Croft, the father of the present

pas.scd into the
and Jamaica, and was never much

It
is
identified with the
occupant of this property, which has
hands
county.
said that the letter
C was
added
name
of the seventh generation of the Livingston family.

cepting the fine natural
location
Exis
from the circumstance of his having attended Cambridge

University, and there being so
of this house, there
many
Roberts
in the differ-
nothing
to distiniruish
it
from an ordinary faruihouse.
ent families, this one was distinguished
by being called
Walter Tryon, another son of Peter R., erected the Joseph Miller house, and
on the Ten Broeck place
crief,
in
Cambridge Robert.
whicli was
the later years of his
life lived
in
Clermont.
His brother, Monand lived on the

turnpike.
John Livingston settled a little south of Johnstown, named after him, building the mansion which
became the
was
prominent
citizen of the town,
was afterwards the home of Philip L. Hoffman, the grandfather of the ex-governor, and at a later period
present
JMcIiityre
place
on
the
Highland
S.,
fourth son of Peter R. was
James
whose homestead was
home of General Henry

lution.
Livingston, a brother of John.
east of the Blue store, the property
now occupied by two
General Livingston rendered efficient service in the Revo-
of his daughters, Mrs. John.soii and Mi.ss Cornelia Livingston.
.He died unmarried

to
at this place, in 1823.
After
The
latter
Livingston Bible,
owner of the original Robert which was printed in London in 1683,

is
the
John Livingston had
sold bis property to Mr.
Hoffman he
T., still
this
moved
resides,
Oa'c
Hill,
where a grandson, Herman
and contains the

markable
first
family records in Dutch.
The house
is
one of the few surviving members of
once
these ladies occupy antedates the

for its quaint construction.
Revolution, and
re-
large
and powerful family.

settlement of the matior began soon after the last
in
The
the last lord of the
In the same will, before alluded
to,
grant was made,
1G86, but for
many
years was slow and

in
manor devised
his
land lying east of the post-road to his
unimportant.
In 1714 there 'were but three houses
the
four other sons, Walter, Robert C., Henry, and John, each
present town of Livingston,
the
manor-house, and Whit-
receiving about twenty-eight thousand

lots
acres,
tlie
several
beck's and Brusie's, in the neighborhood of Glenco mills.
being located from north to south, along the post-road,

order named.
P]ach, also, received a portion of the
The
list
of freeholders in 1720 contains
among
others the
in the
names of Killian Wirme, Claas Brusie, Nicholas Whitbeck,

Coenradt Ham, Conradt Schureman, Johannes Pulver, Bastian
domain west of that thoroughfare.

tween the Kleina and RoelofF Jansen
On
an elevation, be-
Kills,
Walter Living-
Spickerman,
Nicholas
Smith,
Johannes
Rossman,
ston erected a noteworthy mansion before the Revolution.

It
is
Hanse Jurie
In
Proper,
Junie
Decker, Jacob
Stever,
and
massive building, sixty
feet
square, several stories
Fitz Mezigh, as living in the northern part of the manor.
high, with a s(|uare roof and dormer windows.
One
of the
the
roll
of the Independent Company, mustered at
daughters of Walter married Robert Fulton, the inventor

of the steamboat
;
the manor-house, Nov. 30, 1715,
may be found
the names
and
after her husband's death, in 1815,

to reside at this place.
of .some
who
doubtless resided
in
the present town of Liv-
came with her three children
Here
ingston, and in the histories of the

in
she afterwards married Charles Augustus Dale, an English-
churches appear others prominent

day.
.-tons.
the
town
at a later
man of expensive
is
habits and great fondness for horses.

that
(Hi
It
In 1790 there lived in the town, besides the Livingthe following faniilius
:
related of
him
niie
occasion
city
he drove a team of
to
in the
northwestern part and
thoroughbreds
froiii
New York
fa.->ter
this
place,
on a
north
Sliults,
of Johnstown, Crawford,
Betiliam,
McLean, Tator,
wager that he could make
time than the steamboat,
Decker, Ten Eyck, Rice, Morrison, Shaver, Kallor,
accomplishing the feat between sunrise and sunset.
He
Patrie,
McKinstry, Herder, Rockefeller, Spickerman, Co-
won
the wager, although
at
the sacrifice of one of his
vert, J. Best, Pulver, Stevers, Stahl,
Ham, Rowc, Gardner, Ham,

P. L.
C.
horses.
One
of Mrs. Fulton's daughters married Robert

Claverack.
Silvcrnail,
J. Melius,
William Melius, P. Smith, P. Baringer, Haver,

Bates, A. Fonda, Jager, Tiel,
Ludlow, of
possession
liimily,
which was widely known
The Walter Livingston home, as Teviotdale," is now in the

'
and J.
Rossman.
South of Johnstown and north of the Blue store

Hare, J. Hover,
of Christian Cooper,
served
still
former servant of the
were J. Lane, William

C.
Hoffman,
who
in
the
War
of 1S12.
He
is
ninety-fou'r
Van De
Bogart, J. Fingar, Shirts, Coons, Coop, Messrs.

Barringer,
years old, but
youthful days.
retains but
little
remembers The inansinn

its
distinctly the events of his

is
Meglcy, Rockefeller,
Huddleston, J. Volandt,
Bust,
in
jtale of decay,
and
Cole, Minckler, Blatncr,
Hanhe,
stcjre
Erchnicbergh, and
to Elizaville
of
former beauty.
Osterhout.
to
From
the Blue
southward
Henry W.,
a son of
Walter Livingston, removed
the
were
Frier,
Howe, Best, Hood, Shaver,
Feller,
Swarts,

Blatner, and others,
NEW
YORK.
Supervisors.
nmny
of
whom
have descendants occu-
Town
Clerks.
pying the land they then lived on.
Of
the foregoing, Peter
\!>M.
.....Charles Esselatyne.
IS4n
l>ill
Benham was
on
foot,
a physician of large practice at
Oak
Hill
and
Henrv Dunspaugh.
Peter
Ilcnrv Shear. Jacob Baringcr. Henry Shear.
ISr:
the surrounding country.
He
Van Deusen.
"
Bois.
always visited his patients

to ride, declared
life.
it
IS^:-.
and having once been induced
the most, fearful experience ho ever had in his
Colonel
John McKinstry was
a Revolutionary veteran,
and was a
captain at the battle of the Cedars, as has been mentioned.
1344 1S45 1346 IS47 1343 1349

IS.iO
Henry A. Du
Thomas
Thomas
John
Rest.
Jacob Baringcr. Robert Humi.hrey. Jacob Baringer.
Elias Lasher. lohn H. .Smith. Best.

Pierce. \Vm. H. Sny.lcr.
Henry Shear.
He
was a very brave man and highly respected.

in the
John Best
settled in
.settler,
ISil
1.S52
185:!
Jacob Horton.
Ira Williams.
was also a captain
American
S.
;
array, and
had
"
"
Livingston in 17G0.
Samuel
Myers, an early
was
in
one of the
the
first
mail-carriers
and Alien Myers served

soldier of the
War of
IS 1 2.
Conrad Patrie was a
Rev-
olution,
and was one of a number of that name who were

settlers.
1864 1856 I36G 1857 1353

185'J
Jacob L. Potts. Robert Washburn. Walter Shults.

Peter
I.
MiloC. Mar.-hall.
Ira Williams.
Raeliman.
Austin Wasbhurne.
David Miller. Walter Shiitts. Samuel Ten Broeck.
Nathan
.Sageiidorph.
Lewis Potts. Jacob Horton.
very early
At
a later period the principal inhabin
ISOn
13IU
lsf)2
l.stl.t
German Fingar. John Whitbcck.

Walter Shelilon. Jacob H. Proper.
Edwin Baehman.
" "
itants of the
town are shown
the
list
of road
districts,
given on another page.
In 1875 the population of the
Peter F. Potts.
1SC4
ISfiJ
town was
lOtiO.
Reuben \'an De Bogart. Philip Smith. Rensselaer Proper. John H. Patnis.

Wilson Potts. Jacob H. Proper.
180G 1367
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
In
ISfiS
Samuel Walter
Shutt.s.
Stickle.
common with many
other towns of the county, Livits
186U 1870
1871 1872
137:!
"
"
"
"
ingston has suffered the loss of
early records.
The
first
John Whitbcck.
Rensselaer Proper.
Henry Smith. Walter Stickle. Benedict A. Wicks.
account of the town-meetings begins with 1803, thirty-one

years after
its
Mark
.Melhusen.
organization as a district.
The
following
list
of
civil
ofiicers
embraces the names of those who were

:
elected after the organization of the county

Supervisors.
1 1
<!
1874 1375 1876 1877 1S7S
Stephen 0. Potts. Wils(m Putts.

Lacob n. Proper.
Jacob H. Decker.
Mark Mcthusen.
Walter Stickle. Nelson Mallenbeok.
'
Samuel Shutts. Henry Vounghouse.
"
Town
Ulurks.

Ajipoiiiled.
T
^\
hn
II
r.iving.'^ton.
iin
sS
JO
Jl
RdCkolclIcr.
1786. Peter R. Livingston.
rs)
1
1
John Livingston.
J
I
1811. Christian Patrie.
II
n A. Fun.lu.. n y Livingston.
1
Samuel Ten Broeck.

1789.
Peter Beeiner.
l-j"
1
1
Peter Bishop.
M
14
ifi
II
L.
Hoffman.
John A.
1792.
Foil. la.
1815.
Thomas Fairbanks. Peter Benham.

Leonard Ten Broeck.
Charles Robinson.
!-->
1
John
A. Fund.i.
Jacob Rossinan.
Peter R. Livingston.
1797 1-IS
1
Pclcr Bi.<li6p.
John
A. Fonda.
James
ISIS. Peter
S. Livingston.
It
Henry Livingston.
Peter Bishop.
Christian Patrie.
IM)0
Jacob Rossman.
1795-98. Peter Bishop.
.r:i.-ob
Benham.
S.
uni
i->o
M
He
11)1
cricf Livingston. rv Living-ton.

t
Christian Patrie.
T. Livingst.Hi.
JiiKi.S. Livingslon.
C. Decker. .lames S. Livingston. Jus. ^. Li vingslon, Jr
Philip L. HolVman.
James
Livingston.
Jacob
C. Decker.
Charles Robinson.
John
Vitn Deusen.
John Shaver. John A. Fonda.

Joiin Wigraiu.
Elisha Holley.
Samuel
B. Platner.
1821. Peter H. Best.
1S)J
nr- Livingslon.
1801.
Thom.is Trafford.
Josiab Lawrence.
Eleazer Smith.
Samuel T. B. Plainer.
Charles Rol,inson.
Francis Burroughs.
J h
V;in Deusen.
John
.McClelhin.
Henry Hoffman. John Wigriim.

Philip L. Hoffman.
Walter Merrifield.
1327. Robert H. .Morris.
Thomas
Christian
I'.itrie.
Trafford.
lsi)4-8.
Walter T. Livingston.
Henry
.Mink.
Charles Rohinson.
Jiicolj liaringer.
Samuel Myers. Leonard Ten Bioeek.

Killian .Miller.
181
1.
Christian Patrie.
Charles Robinson.
IS2S. 1S29.
Henry Mink.
Peter R. Livingston.
Jeremiah H. Strong.
1^2)
ls'>4
Killiiiu Miller.
Iilcclcl.
(
I
lit
r
T I'ntterson
lian I'alrie.
I
I
"
(
K
f
I
II
I
an Miller,
n .MeKiiislry.
II
rv A.
Du Bo
He
1
I'.aker.
R. Living:

1848.
NEW
YORK.
257

The town has
at prcsent.furtv -road districts,
NEW
YORK.
them
to produce six tons of
to
and most
of-
six engine*, capacitating
me-
the liighv?;iys are 'n good condition.
dium wrapping-paper daily, and giving employment

fifty
about
persons.
east line of the town, on
THE M.iXUFACTCRI.N'O INTERESTS

of Livingston embraced at an early day saw and grist-mills
controlled by the several lords of the manor.
Near the
and
Copake creek, the
Livingstons had a forge before 1800; but nothing more
The
fii'st
than the bare knowledge of

Uiined.
its
existence
t't
cm miw
Watson
later
be ascer-
most noted were on Roeloff Janson's
Kill, near its

to
mouth,
After 1825, Messrs. Reed
improved
and
wi'ro erected
about 1710, chiefly

flour.
supply the Pala-
the power for a cotton-fictory,
which
became the
tines with meal
and
At
a later period, these mills,
property of Samuel G. Wheeler, and was operated by Jere-
or otiiers on their
Mills."
site, were widely known as the " Manor They were operated more than a hundred years,
miah Carpenter.
about
fijrty
It
was a large frame building containing

after
looms.
Some time
P.
1835
it
was destroyed
as well as a carding-machine
for a less period of time.
and
fulling-mill, at thi.s place,

last
by
fire.
The power was

in
used about
In 1842,
Henry
Hermance purchased
grist-mill,
the water-power
1820 and
blocks, etc.
thereafter to operate a ship-tackle ilictory,
many
and erected the present
which was rcnindeled by

is
hands having been engaged
the manufacture of huistiiig-
Edward Livingston
which aroused
" Glonco Mills
"
in
1805.
It
at present the
property
At
the time Livingston victualled the I'alatines

mill.
of Martin L. Potts, and contains four runs of stones, two of

for
he had a brew-house and bakery near his

years the power has been
idle.
For many
merchant work, producing the celebrated
brand.
On
the opposite side of the stream

11.
Haifa mile above

Kill,
is
this point, at the
mouth of the Kleina

1S73, for the
is
a saw-mill, operated by
John
Sehermerhorn.
is
George W. Moseley's
mill, erected in
short distance below this point

w;is
a small water-power,
for a cotton-
manufacture of box-makers' and bookbinders' boards.
The
which
improved by Herman
Subse(|ucntly
it
Bennett
power
is
supplied from rapids on the Roeloff Jansen, four

distant, which,
batting factory.
a carding-mill
John B. Barringer
erected
hundred yards
by means of
dam
eighteen
and tow-manufactory, which are yet carried
feet high, afford a thirty-foot
fall.
The
mill occupies a
feet,
good
sto-
on
in
a small way, as well as a husk-factory by Newton
stone building, fifty-seven by si.Kty-three

ries high,
and two
Sehermerhorn.
and the machinery consists of two forty-inch entwo tons per day, and giving employment
This
is
On
the same stream, near the north line of the town, are
gines, producing
to
fifteen
the " Linlithgo Mills."

rection
The
first
improvement
in this di-
men.
the only mill of the kind in the
was made by Robert Livingston, who erected, about
county.
1780, what was long known as " Mill Support."
Abram
On
the same stream, whore the Sturtevant farm
now
is,
Burdick operated
this mill at a later period,
and Abram
John Richmond
erected a woolen-factory about ISIO, which

for those times.
was operated on an e.xtensive scale
About
1835 a man named Ainslee became the proprietor, and continued the works several years. A small hamlet sprung up
around the
mill,
From him the mill pjissed to Briggs was an early owner. Samuel Fox, who enlarged the building and changed it into After a few j'cars' operation he removed a hosiery-mill.
the machinery and again operated
it it it
as a grist-mill, giving
and the place had a busy appearance.

left to
the present name.
Since 1870
has been the property
There
is
nothing
note the former prosperity but the
of Jacob H. Proper.
It is supplied
with several run of
ruins of the factory and a few deserted tenements.

Still
stones to grind grain and plaster, the capacity being two
farther above, at the natural
falls,
the Livingstons
hundred bushels of the former and ton tons of the
latter.
erected the
"Good Hope
Mill" before 1780.
In 178-i
it
In the southwestern part of the town, on the Kleina

Kill,
first
was operated by Jacob Blatner, and about 1800 bv

Blatner.
.Îarcus
are
"Walker's
In
Grist- .Mills.''
Monerief Livingston
About 1820, John Van Deusen became the owner of the privileges, and controlled them many years. Other proprietors were L. R. Miller, John Pierce, Baker & Burgert, and, since
had a
mill here about 1800, in
which Christian Cooper
served as miller.
1820, Eleazer Smith put up some

.sold, in
clothing-works, which he
1832,
to
Henry Walker.
1871, Charles E. Bingham.

is
It
has three
In 1835 the present mill was started, and has since been
run of stones, and

day.
capacitated to grind eighty barrels per
operated by the Walker family.
The two
.several
falls at this
place have been further
improved by
JnllNSTOUN,
(ho largest village in Livingston,
is
dams,
atT.irdini;
now an aggregate
falls
fall
of mure than
located cast of the centre

It derived its
forty feet.
Below the upper
w:is
formerly a woolenothers, wliieh
of the town, about nine miles from Hudson.
factory, operated by A.sahel

finally
fire in
Andrews and
It
was
name fnnn John Livingston, who was

the settlement of the place.
rich
active in proniotnig
converted into a hosiery-mill.
was destroyed by
Being surrounded by very

was formerly the
1802, and the
site is
now used
fall
for other purpo.ses.

first
farming country, and on the intersection of the old
The power
1850
nian.
of the lower
was
iniprovi'd
about
po.-,troad
and the Catskill turnpike,
it
to (ipcrate a
paper-mill, erected by Jacob \V. Ro.ss-
seat of considerable business

tance.
and a place of notable imporcontains the Linlithgo Re-
Some
years after
Baker
the
&,
Burgert purehased the

for
It is pleasantly situated,
property, and
extended
facilities
manufacturing
gri.-,t-mill.
formed cluirch, a good school-house, several large mechanic

shops, and about two hundred inhabitants.
paper by erecting a second mill just below their
Both
establi.>liments arc at present tin; property of C. K.

to
John Van Deu.sen was one of the

trade at this point, selling his
first
first to
engage
in
in active
Bin-ham, whose name has been applied
this
locality.
goods
an old shed.
They contain two
si.\ty-eight-inch
machines and six
thirty-
About 1800 he
built the store-house
now occupied by N.
HISTORV OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.

Ilullenbeck, in which he followed merchandising forty years,
259
Among the
is
oldest citizens at present living at

to
Johnstown
For the
becoming one of the wealthiest menTtr townr
Wliere
Samuel Shear, who came
the pLice in 1829.
Samuel Cole now
lives
Jonathan Lane had a store about

scaJe. The sucVan Deusen stand were Henry A.
past thirty years he has been a justice of the peace.
1790, akhoush not conducted on a large

cessive merchants at the
Three miles northeast from Johnstown, on Copake creek,

is
the pretty hamlet of
Du
Bois,
John Whitbeck, Philip Smith, Samuel

In 1827,
Cole, and
the present moichant.
Herman Livingston
erected
GLENCO
This
ceived
locality
its
.MILLS.
re-
a store building opposite the above, in which
Bonestoel,
was formerly known as " Sober," but
Broadhead
&
Co. engaged in trade, being followed, in 1830,
present
name
after
1830.
It contains a
good
by Henry Baker.
trade, in 1877.
Here Samuel Shutts was the
last
in
flouring-mill, a sawmill, several largo shops, a neat chapel
of the Methodist church, and about eighty inhabitants.

his store the pres-
About the time Van Deusen opened

ent hotel was erected by a
Henry
P.
member
of the Livingston family.

innkeepers.
about 1845.
Hermance engaged in trade at Gleneo Mills Between that period and 1850 James Bolatter date the
Jacob M. Fonda was one of the

L. Honiedieu kept
tiie
first
In 1822,
gardus occupied the stand, and since the
house, and later landlords have been
merchant here has been Ira Williams.

of the creek Milton Shaurraan
On
the east side

in
Gtorge
W.
King, Peter Smith, Henry Hare, Peter
Van
put up a store
1872,
Deusen, Reuben
Van De
Bogart,
Edward Hermance, and

lower part of the
which he has since carried on.
the present, Walter Haynor.

village
It
In the
The
hotel
was a famous hostelry as early as the Revolution.

stables,
and kept by him several years.

ford, Sylvester
was erected about 1850 by Stephen H. Ham, Subsequently John WaterBortle,
was a long red building, with spacious
where
Suydam Decker, and Frank Backpost-office
stage-horses were changed.
Among
the proprietors were a
ford have been landlords at this place.
man named
and Henry
Pulver. and, after 1800, William

I.
Huddlcston
The Gleneo
Mills
was established
in
1856,
Baringer.
About 1825
it
was converted
with Henry P. Hermance postmaster.
Ira Williams was
into a tenement.
Other taverns were on the post-road,
appointed deputy, and at a later period became the postmaster, and

still
north and south of the village, and in
1805 twenty
the town.
licenses
retains the office.
were granted
to
keep public-houses
in
Dr. Nelson H. Mesick has been located here the past

1,
The
town
post-office at this place
was established April
1805,
four years as a practicing physician.
with the
in
name of Livingston,
the State.
there being another Johns-
Jonathan Lane was appointed postthe

position
Miller,
DLUE STORE,
near the southwest line of the town, where the Highland
master, and
held
many
years.
Other ap-
pointees were Killian

Patterson,
Best,
Robert H. Morris, Walter
John Whitbeck, John Van Deusen, Frederick Petr I. Bachman, Henry Baker, Henry Du Bois,
turnpike intersects the post-road,

half a dozen houses.
is
a hamlet containing
Cole, Simeon Clark, German Fingar, and, at present, James Rossman. It has a daily mail from Hudson direct.
Samuel
a store and tavern at

the
About the present century there was this place painted blue, which gave
Some
Killian
very eminent attorneys have lived at Johnstown.

Miller was in practice here from
1807
name to the locality. W. T. Livingston and Leonard Ten Broeck were some of the early proprietors, and at a later The place was widely and period John Ring and others.
favorably known, and was one of the principal stoppingplaces on
till
1833.
city,
Robert H. Morris, afterwards mayor of

by Josiah Sutherland.
to
New York
to
still
the Albany road.
Before 1829 Henry Baker
was here as the attorney of the Livingstons, and was succeeded
He
city,
removed
where
lie
Hud.son,
resides,
and from there
New York
had a store on the opposite side of the street, which was afterwards kept by various parties, but long since became
a
tenement.
in
The
tavern became
in
the
property of Caleb
to
honored as an upright judge.

the village as a
until
Charles Esselslyn came to

in
young attorney
him
a
1820, and lived here

L. Stebbins was
Washburn
place
for
1830, and
1840 was demolished
give
the
[iresent well-appointed
hotel, which, since
he was elected surrogate.

short
Seymour
time, and
associated with
then
removed
lived
1840, has been kept by William H. Washburn.
to
Kingston.
tlio
Robert
II.
Andrews, now of Hud.son,
A
mail,
post-office
was established
1,
in this place,
May
22. 1871,
in
place about
1840; and Juhn

After
thi.s
M Wehh.
of the same
which, since Jan.
187S, has been .supplied with a daily
city, at a later period.
many
Dr.
at
years a practicing altorn<'y.
John Whitbeck was for and Robert Hood has

permanent ph3sician
forty years.
Dr, Benedict A,
Wicks
is
located here as a physician.
been located here since 180(5.
The
as a
place has also several
mechanic shops.
John McClellan
ten
located
BINGH.\.MS MILLS
is
Johnstown about 1800, and remained about

the last
In
years
of
his
practice
in
his
contemporary
1S34.
a manufacturing village on the Roeloff Jansen, about a
jihysieians were Dr.
John Rossman,
1830; Dr. Samuel

in
McClellan. in 1832
and Dr. George Livingston,
It contains a good gristmile southwest of the Blue Store. noted. mill and two paper-mills, whose history is elsewhere
After that period Dr. William Junes located here, remaining until 1865; Dr. Robert
Union chapel was
built at this place
in
1857,
in
which
Humphrey from
18-JO
till
IStiO;
are held the services of the Lutheran and
Reformed churches,
as superin-
and from 1858
till
liis
death, in 1807, Dr. Stephen Plainer.
and a Sunday-school, having C. E. Bingham

tendent.
Since 1850 Dr. Jacob Ilorton has been one of the leading
practitioners,
and
is
now the only one
located at this point.
The
building
is
a plain frame,
and
will seal
two hundred
2G0

The
place has also the usual shops
XEW
YORK.
in
persons.
and two
stores.
Lameter erected the store-house now occupied

dising
merchan-
The
oldest of those
was
first
kept by Van Deuscn
&
Reed,
j
!
by John H. Gtirdner, and

in trade
in
1854 Zach P. Smith
about 1830.
AVeaver, and
Later merchants were S. Ten Broeck, John

Philip L. Lynk, the
present occupant.
in the sprinjr
engaged
on the same corner, removing his build-
ings in 1864.
Since 1874 Mr. Smith has conducted a store

in the
new
store
was opened near the mills
of 1878,
and public-house
building
year.
now occupied by him, and
by Binjliam
&
Story.
The
village
has one hundred and
which was erected that
twenty-five inhabitants.
\V.\I,KER'f;
MILLS
eontains eight or ten houses and shops, and a store by Peter
Becker.
Thomas Morton had
formerly been in trade at

is
The post-office was established about 1840, with the name of Elizaville, having Peter Robinson as postmaster. The office is at present held by William Stickle. The hamlet has also several mechanic shops, a Methodist church, and a good school-house. The Rhinebeck and Connecticut railroad has a station on the Clermont side, called
Elleslee.
this place.
few miles west, near the Hudson,
the old
hamlet of
LINLITIIGO,
it is now sometimes called, Stadtche. name was given in honor of Mr. Livingston's
or, as
Tlie former
old
THE LIVINGSTON FARMERS' AID AND FIRE PROTECTION

ASSOCIATION
was organized
in
home
in
Scotland
town.
the latter
is
Dutch term, signifying

tlie
a very small
1857, by the selection of John Haver as
Although the
first
seat of
manor-house, and the

in
president, and Robert
Decker
secretary.
The
State insur-
place where the
church was erected

in
1722,
it is
now
ance law having been enacted meanwhile, the association
simply a cluster of houses
the neighborhood of the

are
was reorganized under
its
provisions,
June 26, 1858,
as
^Memorial chapel, whose owners

small fruit.
engaged
in
growing
Theic
is
a small store and a tavern, but the
THE LIVINGSTON
The
directors
JIUTU.^L INSUR.\NCE CO.MPANV.
business has been diverted to
chosen were John L. Potts, president
LIVINGSTON STATION,
on the Hudson River railroad, half a mile west of Linlithgo. This is also a landing for freight barges, and a
Robert Decker, secretary; Henry L. Potts, David Miller,
and Samuel Shutts.
The
present
business of the
company the
is
past twenty years has
company established a depot here in ISCO, and about the same time D. They &, R. Miller engaged in the freighting business. were succeeded in 18G0 by Proper k Washburn, and in
point of important
traffic.
The
railroad
been very successful, 768 policies having been issued.
The
number of
fires
policies
222, representing S468,868
of insured property.
Si.x
have occurred, involving the
loss
of S5450, or
1869 by Washburn
lumber, coal,
In the store
etc.,
is
&
Co.,
who
all
at
present conduct the
about S272.50 per year.
The
its
affairs
of the company have
business on a large scale, including general merchandising,
been wisely managed since

officers
formation by the following
occupying
the buildings in the place.

post-office, cstablislied in
kept the Linlithgo
Presithiits. l8bS-5{), Jol\n L. Potts;
1860-Gl, Ger1864-66,
1857 by Robert Washburn.

In the extreme southeastern part of the town, and partly
iu Gullatin, is the
man Fingar; 1862-63, Thomas

Fingar;
Jliller;
Adam
1867-72, Henry L. Potts;
1873-74, German
hamlet of
Fingar; 1875-76, Stephen 0. Potts; 1877-78, German

Fingar.
LNION CORNERS,
containing about
village
fifty
Secretaries.
first
1858,
Robert Decker;
1859-66, Henry
inhabitants.
The
attempt at a
Shear; 1867-78, Samuel Shutts.
a short distance below

mills
was made on the north bank of the Rocloff Janson, Hero were the present hamlet.
industries on the Clermont side of the
as Klizavillc.
hou.scs.
.MUTUAL HOPE GRANGE, NO. 36, PATRONS OK HLSBANDRV,

was organized Dec. 9, 1875, with twenty charter members. Stephen O. Potls was chosen Master, and J. B. Wagner It has been Secretary, and have since filled these offices.
very prosperous, and
bers,
and other
.strciMn,
and the place was known

a dozen
As
early
as
17D0 there were half

the same
In one of the
in
oldest at this point
John Manny had

buililiiiu'
a store
18(10,
and
now immbers
si.xly-seven active
memThe
kept a tavern
rebuilt,
in
The
house- has boon
comprising
.-onie
of the best farmers of the town.
and
is
now used
(jf
as a farm
residence by
John A.
in
meetings are held
in a
neatly-furnished hall at Johnstown.
Coon, who was the

prietors in the order
last in trade
at Klizaville.
Other proISIU,
time were John Crawford,
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Alexander Brothers, John Stoager, Jabez Parsons, Robinsou F. Peaster, Jacob

&.
No
among
early account of the public schools has been found
William ]':ikenbergh, and K.
N.
the records of the town.
It
appears, however, from

at
Coons.
The
mills were destroyed
by
freshet
in
1SG9,
the history of the Linlithgo

Roliert
church
Johnstown, that
since which the business has eenlored in the upper part of the hamlet.
Livingston, the
for
first
lord of the
manor, made some
Here Thomas Swart

it
liaJ a stnro in
1S03, and
provision
the encouragement of education as early as

years later the town voted three limes
the State for the sup-
afterwards Punderson
Wheeler.
Then the house was

John
B.
1722.
the
A hundred
changed into a tavern
called the " Vn'uni (,'ornor House,"
amount of money received from

SIOOO.
di.stricts,
from which the hamlet has been named.
Latham
port of the schools, or about
There were
at that
was one of the early keepers.

a
It is
yet standing, used as

18110.
lime 10 school
aires
having 580 children between the

Dr.
residence by Samuel
Baker.
In
Michael P. De
of five and twenty-one years.
John McClellan and

James
S. Livingston
NEW YORK.
also built a house, on
261
were for
,
many
years the school com-
stipend.
He
twenty acres of land,

for the use
missioners.
east of the church-yard,
which was bequeathed
In 1878 the town had 12 districts, containing
720
chil-
of the clerk of the church,

office
who was
to
combine with that
dren between the ages of
five
and twenty-one years.
The
the duties of instructor of the youth of the manor.
average attendance was 244, and the amount apportioned

to the
These temporal provisions having been made, the organization of the church proceeded accordingly.
It
town by the county 81705.31.
was effected
:
July
4,
1722, by the selection of the following consistory
THE REFORMED CHURCH OF LINLITHGO.

It
Elders, Robert Livingston, Jacob Vosburgh, and Cornelius
has been stated
in
another part of this book that the

its
Martense
Deacons,
Tobias
Ten
Broeck,
Robert
Van
church at Albany extended

settlements along the
missionary work
to
tlic
Deusen, and Wilhelm Hallenbeck.

as
In addition there were
not improbable that the
Hudson before the year 1700. It is manor of Livingston may have

owing
to
Brussie,
members Johannes Sparr, Johannes Scherp, Andreis Jochem Radclift, Solomon and Mary Schutt, Alida
been thus
within
its
visited,
but
the
sparse
settlements
Livingston, Doretha Vosburgh, Maritje Ten Broeck, and
bounds no
1720.
effort
was made
a
to organize a
church
Cornelia Decker.
until after
As most of
It
the lease-holders were very
month
later
Lcndert Konyn, Jan. Decker, Johannes

his wife, Maritje,
poor, the
expense of building
church was cast upon
Cool, Killian
Winn and
Jr.,
Lena Whitbeck,
Robert Livingston.
appears that the governor of the

it
Johannes Spoor,
and
in
and Peter Cool
became members
his wife, Janitje,
province, upon a representation of the case, thought
loo
1723 Johannes Dyckman and
great to be borne wholly by Mr. Livingston, but recognizing
Dirck Hallenbeck, Christoffel Muldor, Claas Brussie, Andreis Rces,
the importance of having a place of worship on the manor,
Conradt Ham, Cornelia Hogeboom, Johannes
he commended the purpose to the Christian public
in
the
Shutts, Muttliaus and Robert
Van Deusen, Gysbert
Oster-
following certificate, which authorized Mr. Livingston to

solicit aid
hout, Jan. Vosburgh, Johannes Petri, and
Peter Haver
from those
who were
inclined to
promote so de-
were added
to the
list.
At
a later period
Johannes Spoor,
sirable an object
"
Jacob Decker, and Philip Spickerman became members.

In 1755. the membei'ship of the church aggregated one
To ALL ClICRCHES A.VD CHAniTABLE PEOPLE WITHIN THE PROVINCES OF New Vdrk and New Jersev, in America, Greeting:
" Whereas, Robert Livingston, Esq., solo Proprietor of the Manor
hundred and
ninety-five, but as
many had
died, or left to join
other churches, the actual membership was no more than

fifty.
of Livingston, hath proposed
or meeting House, nnd to Bend for
and doth propose to establish a church ond call some ubie and piou.- Dutch
The
eldci's
to
this period were, in addition to those
first
nauied, Jeieniias
Miller,
Johannes Dyckman, Con-
Reformed Protestant minister from Holland, according to tlic Constitution and direction of the Reformed Church in Holland, .igrceable to the discipline and government of the Dutch Church, a." is established by the Synod at Dort, in the year IfilS nnd 1019, to officiate therein for the inhabitants and sojourners within the Manor, agreeable and suitable to the Vulgar language and education of the .-'aid inhabitant?, which pious work, and the building of such church ur meeting-house will require a larger sum of money than can he reasonably expected to be advanced by any one particular jierson, " I, being willing and desirous to promote and encourage so pious an undertaking, have therefore thought fit to grant unto the same Robert Livingston leave and license to collect and receive the free and voluntary charity and contribution of any of the inhabitants within the said province towards carrying on and finishing the same and for
;
radt
Ham, Johannes
Shutts, Johannes Cool,
Abram Vos-
burgh, Rieger Schermorhorn, Jacob Schermerhorn, Samuel
William Hallenbeck, Robert Van Deusen, Hendrick Smith, Hendrick Mesick, Jochem Van ValkenHallenbeck,
burgh, and Robert Livingston, Jr.
The deacons
fur
the
same period were Jan Decker, Lawrence Knickerbocker, Lcndert Konyn, Jan Vosburgh, Johannes Cool, Jacob
Decker, Johann
Mesick, Martin
Conradt
Petri,
James Gardner, Henry
Ham, Michael Schmidt, Dirck Ten Broeck, Johannes Schaurman, Casper Ham, Johannes Ten Eyck,
Hendrick Stever, Johannes Best, and Peter Vosburgh.
bis 30 doing this shall be his sufficient warrant.
Dominie Petrus Van Driessen continued

consistory meetings as late as 1834.
his missionary
" (jiven under
my hand and
seal this 21st
day of June, 1721. " W. Blrnet,

f
labors with the church ten or fifteen years, moderating at
"Ofpl.-Geiiernl
and
i;i'eror
Srw
Yurk."
His brother Johannes
supplied the pulpit regularly in 1728; but from the organ-
The appeal
for help
was not
in vain^
secured, and with a liberal share of his
With the funds own means, Robert

southern part of
It
ization
of the church
in
1722
till
1756 the church was
dependent on ministerial supplies, and the ministnitioiis

were irregular,
once a year.
Livingston erected the
first
church
in the
weekly, monthly, quarterly, and often but

Among
J.
Columbia county
in
the
fall
of 1721.
was
first
occu-
those
who
served the church in this

in
pied for public worship Jan. 13, 1722, by Dominie Petrus
manner were Rev.
W.
in
Mancius,
1748, and
Rev.
Van
Driesscn, the pastor of the
Albany church, who again
Theodore Frelinghuysen,
1751.
held one of his occasional services in this locality.
The
Lin-
On
the
12th of September, 175G, Rev. Johannes Casfirst
house was a plain but very substantial frame, and stood on

the site
lithgo.
parus Freyenmoet became the

church, in connection with
regular pastor of the
now occupied by
Beneath the church
the
Memorial chapel,
at
the churches of Kinderhook

his
w.is constructed the Livingston
and Claverack.
a sketch
The terms of
engagement are given
in
family vault, which has been used by eight successive generations of the lord of the
of the latter church.
He
remained until 1770.
manor
and adjoining was

In the
will
From
this period until
1779 the church was again dependMeanwhile, the events of the
grave-yard for the use of the tenants.
of Robert
ent on supplies. Dominie Gerhard, Daniel Cock, and others
Livingston, executed Feb. 10, 1722, he set aside forty acres
serving in that capacity.
of land, opposite the church, for a minister's honie-farm,
Revolution had forced the retirement of the Rev. John

Livingston from
H.
liis
and sixty
acres, farther east, to be used
towards the minister's
New York
to
Albany.
Sickness in
262
HLSTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY",

nated
in
NEW
Thomas
YORK.
since
family there caused his removal to Livinp^ston manor,-where

the consistory secured him as their pastor.
1869, and
February,
1870, the
present
He
He
accepted,
pastor, Rev.
d. Dusiiiberre, has presided over the inIt
conditiuning his stay upon the close of the war, relief from
sickness, or a wider spiiere of usefulness.
terests of the church.

five families,
numbers
at present
(1878) ninety-
reiuaincd,
preaching
in
English and German, until the summer of
muuicanta.
who furnish one hundred and thirty-one couiFrom 1814 till 1870 the church supplied the
;
17S1.
In September of the same year the Rev. X. Lansing
in connection with those
neighborhood of Linlithgo as a preaching station

place became, in the
fall
but that
of 1870, a separate work.
The
became the pastor of the church,

of
present consistory
Ancram and Taghkanic.
On
the
part of the
manor
ander Fatrie,
composed of Elders James Ilam, AlexHenry Allen, and Oliver J. Reeves; Deais
church a comfortable house on
the glebe
by the church
cons, Charles E.
Bingham, George B. Walker,
J. J.
Harvey,
was promised, and the other congregations obligated themselves to convey his reverence to and from his appointments, and give him ministerial entertainment: " Sie sullen verpliclit zyn eenwarde te halen, met paest, wagon, oft slee, als
by
and James Allen.
The church
also maintains a
good Sabbath-school, having
seventy-five members, superintended by
Myrou Ham.
Kempt om
to
prcdikeu
en vorzien, met bcquam her-
THE
ST.
John's
ev.a.noelical
luther.v.v
church of
bergen, verquicken ter tyd als zyn prcdich beust daar valt
LIVINGSTON.
en vok wederum
te
huis bringen."
About 1764 a Lutlieran church

Until Oct. 27,
;
w.as
organized
in
the
He
continued his labjrs three years.
town of Livingston by the Rev. John F. Ries, the pastor
1786, the church had again only occasional services

that year the Rev. Jeremiah
torate on a salary
but
of the Churchtown
society.
The
official
board elected that
which the
Romeyn commenced his passociety was too much weakened

to
year was composed of Elders Johannes Michael Muchlcr
and Johannes Krchenbrecht

and Philip Bortel.
were chosen
Deacons, Nicholas Schirtz
by the removal of members longer

relation retained
pay than
179;-5.
Then
in that
In 1765 and 1767, Frederick Proper,
the church became connected with
Red Hook, and
was the
Romeyn until 1804. The next pastor Rev. Herman Vedder, remaining from 1806 to
Mr.
last to
Bartholomew Simon, Michael Wolf, and Johannes Shirtz as elders, and Augustus Schmit, Hannes
Schutt, Jacob Proper, and Balthusar Simon deacons.
1814, and was the

to
serve the church before
its
removal
Among
hered to
it
those
who were members

upon
its
of the church, or ad-
Johnstown.
as attendants
worship from the time of
The
old
Manor church had become
so dilapidated by the
it
its
organization until 1770, were Andreis Shirtz,
Wendel
Decker,
wear of nearly a hundred years that

comfortable place of worship.
failed to furnish
Pulver, Johannes Bortel, Wilhelm Tator, Philip Erchcnbrecht,
new house was demanded,

in
Clement Lelinian,
Adam
Schafor,
Adam
but as the members lived principally

the town,
it
the eastern part of
Ilenrich
Ham, Benjamin
Decker, Jacob
Kuhn, Christian
Andreis
Nicholas
was decided
to locate
it
at .some point
where (hey
the eastin
Haver, Wilhelmus Lehman,
George
Peter
Minckler,
would be best accommodated.
very fine
lot, in
Schaurman, Johannes Proper,
Herder,
ern part of Johnstown, was selected, upon which,
1814,
Wieler, Christophel Blatner, Heinrich Stahl, Hannes
Ham,
was
built a neat
brick
church, which was consecrated in

until
Samuel
Race,
Miller,
Jorus Cook, Johannes Schermerhorn, Han-
November, 1815, and which was used

edifice took its place, in
the present
nes Luyck, Jacob
Hoffman, Nicholas Bonesteel, Matlhaus
1854.
In September, 1815, the Rev. A. N. Kittle became the

pastor in connection with
Dyckman, Stoffel Hagadorn, Heinrich Ricfenburgh, Hermanus Jacobi, Conrad Jaircr, Wilhelmus
Nicholas
Schneider,
Red Hook, and continued

in
until
Diedrich Shutts, Michael
Hallenbeck, Jacob
July, 1827.
He
was succeeded
October following by
until
Kilmer, Heinrich Wagner, George Finkle, Johannes Spick-
the Rev. E. Holmes,
who remained
January, 1835.
erman, Jacob
Mickler,
Johannes Schaurman, Johannes

Bustian Jacobi, Mi-
In 1833 the present parsonage was erected.

till
From 1835
Mickle, Veit Rosspi.in, Johannes Mohr, Jacob Blatner,
1841 the Rev. John H. Van Wagenon served the church conjointly with Greenport, and from 1842 till 1847
the Rev. J. D. Fonda maintained the same relation. In July, 1847, the Rev. C. E. Crispel entered upon a tenyears' pastorate,
Heinrich Ostrander, Conradt
Jlcier,
chael Fingar, Peter Hess, Jacob Best, Andreas Mohr, Jonas

Miller,
Samuel Lasher, Dirck Van Dyck, Heinrich
TicI,
which was one of the most eventlul

During
was erected.
in
the
Petrus Schmidt, Wilhelmus Wiederwax, Andreas Schcrp, Jdcob Rossman, Wilhelmus Becker, Jacob Gerctsie, Heinrich
history of the church.
his connection the present
Dun.'^paugh,
Jan
A'osburgh,
Johannes Silvernagel,
Fredenburgli,
handsome
edifice
The cornerstone was
laid
Ticl
Ham, Thomas
plain
Mesieg,
Jacob
and
July 13, 1854, and on the 22d of August, 1855, the house
Wilhelm Becker.
was formally dedicated by the Rev. Dr. Dcmarest.

but attractive manner, and
It
is
A
ro.id,"
frame meeting-house was built on the

" Pict so
' post-
a very spacious two-story brick structure, finished in a plain

will seat
five
near
the old Stickles place, which was used until

It
wa.s
hundred persons.
acres are
is
after
1820.
generally
called
lias
the
Bush
The church,
parsonage, and glebe lot of seven
Church."
In 1821
acres of
A
a
cemetery at this place

it is
become
much
estimated worth 820,000.
Adjoining the house

it
a fine
neglected that
hardly observable from the highway..

erected on a few
cemetery, and underneath
a vault of a
branch of the
new house of worship was

east from the
Livingston family.
ground two miles
Blue Store, which
From March
filled
5,
1858,
till
1867 the
pastoral
office
was
by Rev. C.
J. Shepard,
who was
followed
the same
was consecrated, Nov. 25 of that year, as the " St. John's A board of trustees was formed, composed of Church."
year by the Rev. F. M. Kipp, Jr.
His connection termi-
David Prossius,
Adam
Weaver, John D.
Feller,
Mathias

Hoot, Henry
NEW
YORK.
263
W.
Snyder, and George Rowe.
Tliis
house
supplied by the pastors of the neighboring churches.
It
was used
until 1861,
when the
present edifice was erected.

is
has about thirty members and the following consistory

Elders,
It standa nearly opposite
the site of the second church,
M. N.
Miller,
Walter Kline; Deacons,
W.
F. Crofts
a large
and attractive frame structure, and
will seat three

is
and
Amos
Harvey.
hundred persons.
the entire property
Connected with the church
a good
parsonage and a large cemetery.

is
The estimated value of

first in
THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHAPEL AT GLENCO MILLS

was erected
in
312,000.
the
The
ago.
services of the church were
German
fifty
1869 by Isaac Shaurman,

It
is
for the
Methodist
lan-
society
of
guage, but were changed to the English about
West Taghkanic.
hundred and
neat
little
frame
years
chapel, with one
fifty sittings,
The
and cost 82500.
clergy connected with the church as pastors and
supplies, so far as
we have been
:
The
trustees elected, Sept. 20,
able to learn from the imF. Ries

;
1869, to assume the care
perfect records, were
1764-91, Rev. John

;
1791-
of this property were Ira Williams,
Norman
Niver,
John
1800, Rev. Johann F. Ernst

Rev. H.
1800-15, Rev. Frederick H.

;
H. Schermerhorn, Jonas
W.
Rockefeller,
Solomon Avery,
Quitman; 1816-50, Rev. Augustus Wackerhagen

61,
1851-
R. A. Roarbeck, Simeon Decker, Samuel L. Myers, and
Wheeler; 1861-63, Rev. William H. Em-
erick;
1863-64, Rev.
W.
Abram M. Myers. The Methodist

the
class at
Glenco Mills
is
yet united with
J.
Cutler; 1865-67, Rev. J.

;
Selm.ser;
1868-69, Rev. William H. Emerick
1870-72,
West Taghkanic church, having
religious services in
Rev. J. D. West; 1872-74, Rev. J. Selmser; 1875-77, Rev. James Leffler

;
connection with that body.
1877, Rev. J. A. Rosenberg.

the church at present
is
Sunday-school has been maintained at the place since

Ira Williams
The membership of and fifty, who support

tendent.
one hundred
1850, and at present numbers sixty members.
a Sabbath-school, having an attendJ.
and Norman Niver have been the superintendents.
ance of seventy-five scholars.
Hutchins
is
the superin-
THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT UNION CORNERS,

formerly Pleasant Vale, was organized in 1849.
Prior to
THE LIVINGSTON REFORMED CHURCH AT LINLITHGO

was organized Nov.
sixteen members.
9,
that time the class
.it
this place
was connected with West

;
1870, by the Hudson
classis,
with
Taghkanic.
It consisted of
Jeremiah Niles, leader
John
The
consistory chosen was composed of
P. Friese, local
Stall,
preacher; and members from the Coon,
Elders John N. Haver,
Thomas
Miller; Deacons William
Ingalls,
Darling, Northrup, Ferris, Hilton, Austin,
H. Haver and John H. Harvey.

structure,
plain but neat brick
Fulton, Rose, and Near families.
In 1854 a very neat and
having accommodations for two hundred and
twenty-five persons, was erected the same year at a cost of
commodious frame church was erected on a large lot, on The house was which is also a parsonage and a cemetery.
repaired in 1877, and
viting place of worship.
$6000.
It
stands
on the
site
of the original
first
Linlithgo
church, and over the Family vault of the
lord of the
manor, which contains the dead of eight generations of the

Livingston family. The present edifice was erected chiefly by
the contributions of the surviving members of that family,
property
sixty,
is S6000. and are connected with Jackson Corners
now in every way and sense an inThe estimated value of the entire The members of the church number
is
in a circuit
which
is
in
charge of the Rev. C. Gorse.

at this place
Other clergy
and has been named

this place
"
The Livingston Memorial Chapel.
'
who preached
from 1842
to
1877 were Revs.
After the removal of the Linlithgo church to Johnstown,
Lewis McKendree, L. Pease, John Campbell, Lorin Clark,
was served
as a preaching station of the old
church
Jeremiah Ham, Samuel M. Knapp, Thomas Jerrolds, Aaron

Hunt,
Ellis,
until the present society
was organized.
first
The Rev. Harvey

and remained
until
Jr.,
Harrison C.
Elliott,
Humphrey,
Ira
Ferris,
Thomas
D. Schermerhorn became the
pastor,
Joseph
Aaron Coons, John
J.
Graw, Henry
1872.
Since that period the clergy have been the Revs.
H. Birkins, Aaron Coons, George B. Clark, William A.
Snyder,
Van
Sanlvord, and Myers.
The church
is at
present
Mackey, Charles Saeger, and N. H. Bangs.
GERMAN TOWISr.
to each his
and her assigns

in
so
much
for
of said land as
to
is
imthe
SITUATION AND NATURAL FEATURES.
proved and in their actual possession, and

in
hold
all
The
town
is
situated
tlie
upon
tiie
Hudson
river,
the
unimproved lands
to
common
them and
their assigns,
southern part of
county,
and was originally a tract
be divided amongst every of the said inhabitants share
taken from the Livingston manor, in such a form as to leave the town of Clermont to extend entirely around Ger-
and share alike."
The
six thousand acres thus passed into
the hands of the sixty-three families, subject at the outset

to
mantown except on the

and
it is
west.
In later years a portion of
certain
quit-rents
and conditions usually attached
to
Clermont, on the north side of Gerniantown, was annexed,

evident that
still
royal grants.
The
title,
however, practically became abso-
another addition might be
made
lute after a few years.
consistent with the convenience of the inhabitants and the
The
elders
I
tract of forty acr3s for
church purposes
Wiis
deeded
natural features of the country.
The town may
be said to
by John Heiner,
as surviving trustee,
Aug.
5,
1758. to the
be bounded
^'
"Si
'.?*
nortli
by Livingston, east and south by Cler;
and deacons of the Lutheran church.

and both so thoroughly German
it
But the two
mont, and west by the river
but the coui-se of the river
religious societies were so nearly equal in

zation,
I
date of organi-
and the general direction of the boundary-lines are such that the statement is both inaccurate and incomplete. The
surface of the town
is
in their origin, that
both laid claim to the land, and

j
was equitably
settled
by
V'
'!
gently
undulating, consisting of
mutual agreement under date of Oct. 30, 1759, each society

receiving twenty acres.
ranges of
rises
hills,
sepanitcd by intervening valleys.
creek
Both these papers are among the
near
enters the
Germantown village, and, flowing northward, Hudson in the northwest part of the town.
Another creek
rises in the
documents of the present Lutheran church.

i
A map
of the six thousand acres was drawn by Cadwal-
Two
^.'A
i"^'
small rivulets from the centre flow north and east
lader Golden, surveyor-general of the province, in 1741, to
into the Roeloff Jansen's Kill.
which reference
i '
is
southeast corner of the town, but immediately pas.ses into
ritory.
The
original
made in all subsequent deeds of the termap is in possession of Erastus Coons,
Clermont.
Two
small creeks, breaking through the
hills,
supervisor of the town, but nearly illegible, and difficult to

trace.
'%
enter the Hudson, one near the station, the others below
East
Camp
landing.
Its
thou.sand acres.
The town originally contained six territory is now a little more than that,
I
He h:is a copy, also very old, but in good condition. When the Palatines made their settlement the country
first
was wholly wild, and the
settlements were more in the
by reason of the addition from Clermont. TITLE TO THE SOIL.
nature of temporary encampments than of fixed habitations.
The name
" East
Camp," by which Gerniantown was then

into
known, undoubtedly grew
use from this cause, and
Germantown was
a part of the
manor granted
IGStJ.
to
Robert
Livingston in 1684, 1685, and
In
1710, Queen
Anno purchased back from Robert

his wife, six
Livingston and Alida,
West C.imp, on the othjr side of the river. The location of these encampments would be an The present inhabitants have little esting item.
certain information concerning them.
It is
inter-
or no
thousand acres,
for the
purpose of securing a
Palatines,
the opinion of
place of setlloment for ecitain

fled to
German
who had
became
Mr. Thomas Fingar, a descendant of one of these pioneers,

that one of the villages was at Snyder's Corners, or near
England
to avoid persecution,
and had
also served in
tract
the
British army.
This six-thousand-acre
North Germantown
far
another
,;ear
East
Camp
landing, not
the town of
Germantown.
full
account of
its first settle-
from the Lasher .school-house.
The
writer ventures to
of the county.
ment by the Palatines will be found in the general history The object of these people settling here was
the manufacture of naval stores for the government, and,
this enterprise
suggest that another one was very likely in the vicinity of

the old burial-grounds, and another at the present station, or the
Mountain View House.

quite certain
to
This would divide them along

all
having proved unsuccessful, and the greater
the river-front at about equal distances, and at points

it is
of those
moved away, the remainder desired to have a definite title to the homes tliey were making for themselves and their families. About sixty-three families were willQueen Anne thereupon granted " to Jacob in'.; to remain. Sharpe, Johannes Heiner, Jahannes Kolman, and Chrispart having
landings were
made and business

If so, very
earlier than that.
done seventy-five
probably
it
one hundred years ago.
was the case seventy-five years
So completely have these names and

from local tradition, that
villages disappeared
to
study their history seems like

lost people,
topher
Hagadorn,
their
heirs
and assigns, six thousand

petition, forty acres of
looking
for a lost
age and a
â
romance of the
of the present.
acres, butted
and bounded
as in the
past, entirely separated
from the
real
life
land for a glebe for the
u.se
of a Palatine minister,
the
who
to
is
Yet the family names remain upon almost every page of the
town records.
likewise to teach school, and
remainder
in
trust
for
The baptisms of
the children appear in the

it
themselves and the other Palatine heads of families,
hold
venerable, time-stained voliimes of the churches, and
is
264

certain that a large portion of the present people arc actual
NEW
is
Y'ORK.
a
265
The
following
list
of the Palatine volunteers for the
descendants of the
Palatines".
expedition against Canada, 1711, as given in

ary History of
'Document-
In accounting for so large a population in 1711 and so
New
York," third volume, pages 571 and

ItOM
few
in later years,
it
must be remembered that the greater

QrEF.VSDCnY
I
part of the Palatines migrated to Sehohaiie upon the failure
of the " tar work,' and of the remainder
many
afterwards
1.
Johan. Coad. Wizcr, aptain.

Christian llaber.
21.
22.
2.'i.
Xic aus Weber.
2.
removed
east
and north into other towns of

into
this
county,
.T.
William George,
Fred. Schaffer.
and some went
Dutchess and
to other places.
4.
0. 6. 7.
Andreas Bergman. Johannis Fecg.

.Matthew Kuntz. Matthous Reinbolt.
24.
2j.
2i;.
Antho Ichard.
Jno. Pet. .cin.
Even many of
the sixty-three families

title
who
are said to
after-
have remained and received
in
1725 must have

to
Jno. Jac. Munsin
wards scattered, and their children from time

to
time gone
8.
John Peter Dopff. John Jacob Ueiscb.

Carl Nebr.
27.
Johan. Leycr.
2?. J.icob
21). .30.
found other homes and other towns
in
this State
and
very
;
9.
Kubn. Henry .Matbous.

Xi..-klaus
farther west.
The census of
later years
was not equal for

it
10. 11. 12.
a long time to that of 1711, and does not exceed

largely at the present time.
in
Henrich Jung. Hen. Hoffman.
Eckard
k.
31.
.32. 3:).
Martin Dillebai
Xiclaus Feller.
Warner Deiuhert.
George
.Muller.
In 1845, 991
in
1850, 1023
in
13.
Jacob Schncll.
Jacob Webber. William Nclies.
Jhnnni3 Kisle
1855, 1131;
in
in 18(j0,
1353;
in
1865, 1278;
1870,
14. 15.
10.
Fred. Hellcnger.
34. 35. 30. 37. 33.

39.
40.
1393;
1875, 1-145.
The
following are the heads of families reported as willin
Hen. Weidcrwacbs. George Matthias.

Cristo IlagaJorn.
17.
ing to remain
Gerraantown, Aug. 26, 1724, and
Br
cl.
for
IS.
l'.l.
Frantz Finck.
.\ndrea3 Schurtz.
John
Sebaffer.
whom
grants of the land improved by

to the provincial
them were sought

shows the actual
Jacob
by petition
settlers
council.
It
20.
Peter Ha.-adorn.
It is stated
George D;ichstader. Johannes Zaysdorf.
of Germaiitown after a portion of the Palatines

;
with this paper that there were three hundred
had become discouraged and moved away

ChristofFel
ver, Pfiibs Bernert, Peter Stobelbein,
Pfilibs,
Seiierb,
and
fifty-six
men, women, and children

fhoj
in the village.
Hagendorn, Jacob Schumacker, Christian Ha-
Johannes
Bias, Peter
1.
nAVSBlIRG.
11.
Peter
Necklas Laux, Johannes KoUman, Johannes Shuck, Ham, William Hagendorn, Olrig Winiger, Johan
2.
3.
Peter Lauer, David Kissler, Paulus Dirk, Bernhard Schmed,

Killian Minckler,
4.
5.
Man
Sallbach,
Hanry Hoffman, Herman Peter Lamp Man, Jacob

Pfilibs Finikel,
Betzer,
Bcrjer,
Hanna
Peter
Jubn Christopher Tucks. John Wm. Dales. John Wm. Schaff. Chr liai Peter Hayd.
Hcnr. Hammer.
.Mich. Ittich.
Meloh Foltz.
12. 13.
John Sagcudorf.
Philip ],aux.
14.
15.
Abraham Lnngcn.
John Jacob .-êl.ultz. John Wm. Hambuch.
Xielaus Laux.
Niclaus Gottcl.
0.
7.
10.
17.
Hagendorn, Christ. Diedrig,
Nicklas Hes,
8.
Johan. Kyscr.
IS. 19.
Johannes
Schetfer,
Hoemier,
Christian
Muhlcrs
Wittib,
Pfilibs
9.
Jacob Cup.
Paulus Dientzer.
Paulus Rcitchkoff.
Andres Domes, Christian Dethrig, Ohig Jacobi,
10.
Samuel Muchler, Henrig Bardel, Henrig Haucrdorn, Bcrnent Zicherls, Friedrig Raug, Willm Hanbuch, Johannes
There were two hundred and forty-three men, women,

and children
in
the village.
.VSDURG.
Leuck, Bastian
Lesclie,
Henrig Winder, Johannes Dat,

Wittib,
Samuel
Kun,
Henrig Stals
Jones
Schenckels,
Johannes
Henrig Conrad,
Joery
Muiiler,
Adam
1.
Ilarlman Wii
Jno. Willii
Peter .Spies.
Dill.
27.
Iloff,
2.
28. 29.
30. 31. 32. 33.
David Schantzen Wittib,
Jorcg Muchler, Anna
Catliri
3.
Ockelbe, Joery Schoertz, Johannes SchofFer, Olrig Bernat,
4.
5.
Herman
Bitzer.
Andrics Bartel, Johannes Kloin, Hans Peter Philip, and
Joh.iiincs :?ebuc.
6.
John William
Jacob
Johîn.
U.ast.
.<ebnei
John 'George Reiffenbe John William Linek. John Mart. Netzbach. Johannes Weis. John Adin Wolbourn. John Hen. Arendorf.
Daniel Buseb.
Johannes Heener.
Tlie
7.
following are
reported
as
unwilling
to
remain
S. 9.
Johannes
Blass.
34.
35. 30.
37.
;;.
Adolf Dirk, Conrad Wist, Michael Brack, Jacob Zcrbin,
Wm. Kamme
John Henry Conr.adt. Hen. Bellinger.

Johan. Selineidcr.
Hans WernershofTer,
Nickla.ss Minscl, Joliannes Schneiders
10. 11.
Johannes Bonroth. Johannes Ilernhard.

Ni
Marcus Bellinger.
Pbill. .Schaffer.
Wittib, Nicklass Schmidt, Henrig Schneider, Peter Heusser.

In this ancient spelling
will,
12. Sebastian Fischer.

l:;.
many
of the present inhabitants
Havd.
Bait. Stuper.
39. 40.
Johan. Krndt.
Christ. Sittenieh.
no doubt, discover their
ancestoi's.
It.
Henrick Klein.
The documents connected with

sist
the above matter con-
15.
16.
Hen.
41. J..hn
Henry
.-ehmidt.
of
first
the petition of Jacob Sliarpe and Christopher

a report
17.
IS.
l'.l.
Hagadorn, Jan. 13, 1724; second,

Coldon, surveyor-general,
13,
in
by Cadwallader
favor of the petition,
June
1724
third, the
order of the council, directing the

;
20. 21.
Rauch. Hans Henry Zellei Johannes Zeller. Samuel Kuhd. Gerhard .-êhaffcr.
Ca.=per
42. 43.
44. 45.
John John
Phill. Zerbe.
Phill. Theis.
.Martin Zerbe.
Niclaus Ruhl.
4G.
47.
Adam
Mie. Schmidt.
ririeh Bruckliart.
Cond. Maisinger.
matter to bo inquired into, June 13, 1724

tive report advising the
fourth, a posi-
22.
granting of
tliis
patent,
Aug. 26,
23.
2t.
Jacob Ferdo .Menler-cn.

l-;s.=.
48.
tU.
.-,0.
Thomas
Il.-nriek
Rutfener.
Jacob Dings.
Feliling.
1724; and,
families to
iiuiii,
liftli,
the patent granted in trust for sixty-three

Jo/uiniinx Jlriiicr, J'l/i'innes Kul-
Co
Vall
id
II
Kolin.
KmIiii.
Jacob Slutrpe,
51. Job. Jost Petry. 52.
Lud. W. S,.hmidt.
laire
and
C/iiisliijilui- JIuf/diluiii.
The
first
four arc in the third
volume of the
"
Docui
The men, women, and

at
children of this
are stated
mentary
lli.story
of
New
York."
two hundred and
fifty.
34
266
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK

TERSTOWS.
I^'o.
1.
"Road
it
leading from
fo begin at
at
James Johnson's
to
John
Per-
John Peter i kern, David Uuppert.

Coorad Scbawermai Henrick Sex.
Fredrick Bell.
capt.
U. John George Schmidt.

15.
Ifi.
Harder,
Jr.,
and then
John Jacobus'
barn, and
17.
IS.
19.
Conrad Goldman. George Bender. Jno. Hen. Uhl. Tho. Schunmacker.

Pcler Schmidt.
so on south until
comes out
:
Barent Sipperly's."
sons liable to highway labor
John Acker, Henry
J. Miller,
Philip P. Clum, Philip Clum,

Jr.,
Jacob Kobell. Jacub Warno.
John Harder, John Jacobus, James Johnson, David Barringer, Minna Fisher, Adam
20. 21.
Johan. Schnall.
Johannes Scbulteis.
Keinard SehafTer.
George Lud. Koch.
P. Clum.
iVo. 2.
22. Veil .Musig. 23. Gro. Kerchiner.

24. 25.
"
Rond leading from the Clermont
line,
and so
Johannes Roschmai
Carl Uhl.
past Philip Rockefeller's store to the cross-road to Josiah
Christ. Hills.
Nash."
Peter Lasher, Philip Shultis, Barent Sbultis. Barent

I.
Ballz Anspach, Coorad Keller.
Rudol. Stahl.
Sipperly, George Shulders, Conrad

feller,
Lasher, William Rocke-
Casper Smith, John
Shulders, Frederick Waring,
There were three hundred and

and children in
this village.
thirty -six
men, women,
Barent B. Shulders, Christoper Lawyer, John Harder, Jr.)
John
east
Best.
3.
There
is
a report for
1718 of the Germans on the
No.
"
Road leading from Philip

past
Rockefeller's landing,
side of the Hudson.*

IIuDterstown
25 familii
17
and so on
house No.
109 pe
to the store of the said Philip

2,
and to the schoolthe south line of
Wm.
N.
Fritz, then to
Annshurg
iiayaburg
"
**
Germantown."
Rockefeller,
John N.
Taylor, Philip C. Lasher,

Diel Rockefeller,
Henry
Conrad
16
Peter
Blass,
Lasher, William Fritz, William Becker, John D. Rocke-
This does not account for Queensbury, but
tiiat
may
feller,
Philip Rockefeller, Philip Fritz. Benjamin Hover,
have entirely disappeared.

Til is census fully
William Hart, Conrad C. Lasher, Bastian C. Lasher, Peter

Harder,
shows the removal of most of the Palaof the south part of the county found
Jacob
Jr.,
Barringer,
Frederick
Rockefeller,
John
tines to other places.
Salspaugh,
in
From
an old
map
No.
4.
" Road from

at
David Gutry.
the cross-road at Josiah Nash, and
to
the " Documentary History of
New
York," under date of
from thence to Peter Snyder's

town, then begin
the north line of
German-
1798, we find the names of the following property-holders in
Sharp's old store-house past Sharp's old
what
is
now Germantown.
to
In that part of Clermont afterriver,
house, past Philip Salspaugh's to
Henry
Ashley's, where
wards annexed
Germantown, near the
Mr. Salspaugh
the road east and west joins."
Peter Sharp, Moses Wood,
and J. Sheifer; south of the small creek,
S.
Wiiiaiis; on the central road, N. Rouse,
Winans and D. M. Mead; near
Philip Salspaugh, Peter Snyder,
John Salspaugh, William
Snyder, William Demott, Samuel Waters, Walter Winans,
Roeloff Jansen's Kill, N. Finckle, J. Ten Broeck, also Mr.
Moore
between the main road running south and the

Snyder, J. Post, Esq., Delamater Sharp, Kortz,
river, \V.
John Cook. No. 5. " Road leading from Peter Hyser's, north to John Hover's, then east past John Kline's to the cross-
Nash, Rockefeller, and

ferry,
Lasher
in
the vicinity of the
road."
John Hover, Jacobus Kline, Peter Kline, Jacob

6.
H. Jacobie, a
;
grist-mill,
D. Barringer, M. Herder,
A. Turk, Philip Staats.
and Philip P. Clum
on the east side of the main north
and south road,

well
S.
Snyder, J. Salspaugh, the Lutheran
church, P. Salspaugh, L. Davis, Hermansen Cook, BrodP.
Rockefeller,
Fred. Rockefeller,
;
Wm.
Rockefeller,
J. Herder,
Smith, B. Cipperly
on the cross-road, near

Schapinoos, J. Miller,
the old north line of the town,
Wm.
Road beginning near the school-house No. 2, from thence to Simon Rockefeller's, to the road where it joins the road past Henry Dick's." Peter H3-ser, Herman Rockefeller, Henry Dick, Philip I. Rockefeller, Simon Rockefeller, John Fuhr, Jacob Smith, Philip Salspaugh, Jr., John Blass, David Barringer, Jr., Jacob W.
No.
"
at the cross-road,
widow Kline,
J.
Kline;
going south ou the east road,

;
Rockefeller.
Phelps, Staats, and Heyse
on the cross-road from old
site
No.
pa.st
7.
" Road leading
from the store of John Kortz,
of the Reformed church, Rev. Mr. Shaver, Win. Hauver,

S.
Philip Staats, and so on past Peter Miller's to the line
Rockefeller, also Dick
and Kortz
on the next
cio.ss-
of Clermont."
Peter Philip,
John
Staats,
Jacob Philip,
Philip
road passing through

J.
the present village of

village,
Germantown,
and a school-
John
Staats,
Kortz,
George Canimel, Peter

from
H. Miller,
Rockefeller;
;
at
the
J.
Force,
and Zachariah Holsapple.

8.
house
south of the present village, P. Lasher, P. Blass,

;
No.
der's,
it
" Road leading
a cross-road
beyond Con-
Wm.
Fretli
turning east towards the southeast corner of
rad Lasher's, so on to Conrad Fingar, then to George Sny-
the town, Conrad Lasher, Conrad Fingar, Philip Donspagh,
then to the south side of John Kortz's store, where
and Smith Moore.

the families in
This gives us an excellent statement of

ago.
joins the other road."
Derick Johnson, George Snyder,
Germantown eighty years
Jacob B. Lasher, Conrad Finger, Christopher Kortz, Jacob

Finger,
Adam
ROAD DISTRICTS, 1808.
Aô. 9.
A. Clum, and Elias Finger.

at
"
Road beginning
it
John Kortz's
line live
store,
then
We
copy these with the names attached to each, as

all
south along the line of Clermont, then past

brack's until
Abram
Kissel-
showing
the inhabitants of
settlers.
1808,
though
page 692.
they can
comes
to the
Clermont
again, then to
hardly be called early
begin
south
to
where Isaac Wagner did

the line of Clermont."
and Charles
Dennerly
=>
DocumeDtarj History,
vol.
i.
John Moor, Marks Lasher, Abraham KLsselbrack, Adam Rifenburgh, James

Boucher, Jacob
51.
NEW
YORK.
267
Lasher, Peter Starts, William Funk,
saw the
"
-SMI ('/etf "
point,
laughed, and then, in modern language,
and Peter D. Rockefeller.

A'b. 10.
at the strangers expen.se.
"
Road
leading
from
Jacobie's landing
past
Peter F. Rockefeller, now seventy-seven years old, resides

near the Mountain
Snyder's, and so on as far as where Conrad Snyder

lives."
now
View House.
Hfs father's name was

Tiel Rockefeller
captain.
William Schepmoes, Wîiliam Snyder, Conrad S.
Frederick and his grandfather's Tiel.

a Revolutionary soldier, and
was
Snyder, John
der.
W.
Rockefeller,
John
11.
Sheffer,
No.
Samuel
S.
Henry Snyder, Samuel SnySnyder, and John Finkle.

at
had the rank of
He
army.
that
used his money and his credit freely for the cause of the
people, besides giving his personal service
in
"
Road beginning
Peter Sharp's landing,
the
past Sharp's house, past Josiah Nash's, so on to
John and
joins
After the war he was paid off with Continental
money
Andrew
and
also
Hover's, so on to the small brook at Peter Hyser's,
became worthless, thus losing

Philip
all
his property.
from Herman Rockefeller's, where

road."
it
the
W.
Rockefeller, of the
aforesaid
Henry Ashley, Andrew Hover, Rufus
the grandson of William Rockefeller.

sons,
Mountain View House, is The latter had five

;
Lathrop, Henry Heermans, Josiah Nash, Jr., Josiah Naah,
Roger
Bissell,
Allen Nash,
John Heermans, and Joseph
F.
daughters,
Ludwick.
All of the warrants require the " roadmasters' to repair the roads according to law, and
W., Jonas, John, Jerry, and Walter two Jacob Turk and Mrs. Noah Hanford. Jerry and Walter .settled in New York, the latter moving
Philip
to
Mrs.
back
Germantown
lato
in
life.
The
rest
settled
in
make
a true return to the
Germantown.
commissioners of highways " two

next town-meeting.
Tuesdays" before the
Simon
still
Rockefeller, mentioned in the town records, kept
a tavern in the east part of the town, where his son Simon
lives at
Some
districts
of the points mentioned in the descriptions of road
an advanced age.
leain that the ancestor
seventy years ago
may be
noted
Philip Rockefel-
From
the address of Dr. Porter at the Centennial cele-
ler's store
was on the
site
of or near the Mountain View
bration of the Claverack church,
we
House
chant
relate
Philip Rockefeller's landing must naturally be at

its
of the Phillips family
the present railroad station, taking

;
name from
the mer-
Germantown.
sons remained
It is
He
in
county was an early settler of Four of them George, had six sons.
in this
Sharp's old store-house and Peter Sharp's landing

to
William, Henry, and
David removed
to
Claverack.
Two
the place of the old churches, where was then a

;
Germantown.
Kniskern
the Palatine colony.
landing-place on the river
the store of
John Kortz must

Jacobie's landing
understood that there were four brothers.
have been
in
or near the
same
place
came
to
Germantown with
in history as the
The one
was probably the place of East Camp.
named
master of the village of Hunters-
A
He
few notices of early pioneers are added

Palatine colony of 1710.
John Fingar was one of the

settled,
town was John, who remained a few years, but finally removed to Schoharie. Another of the brothers went to
however,
in
what
is
now
the town of Living-
Albany county, not
far
from the city; another
to Central
ston, the old
homestead being the present place of David

five
Bridge, Schoharie Flats; another to the
Mohawk
valley,
Miller.
He had
sons
and Peter
Jacob
rad
in
and
Conrad, Jacob, David, Michael,

Peter died unmarried
;
near Palatine Bridge.
The
all
children of
settled
in
one daughter.
John, Abram.
to"ether
They
and
John were Henry, Schoharie, owning
settled in Livingston, Michael in Gallatin,
and Con-
nearly one thousand

Peter,
his son,
acres
of land.
A
is
son of
Germantown
David's
place
is
uncertain.
The
Henry was
merchant
1838.
still
Joseph Kniskern,
now
daughter became Mrs. Peter M. Blass.

Conrad, now living,
is
grandson of
at
Germantown
village,
having settled there about
Mr. Thomas Fingar, near German-
Peter died at the age of ninety.
His widow
is
town
village.
To
his clear
memory and
definite statements
living in Schoharie county, at the age of ninety-two.
wc
are indebted for these
and other important items.
At
Henry
the present place of Philip Rockefeller, above the
Among
four sons
ter.
the early settlers was Tiel Rocke/Mer, from
a portion of the present families hare descended.
whom He had
railroad station, there
was
in
old times a store, kept by
Rockefeller, probably as early as
1800, or before
Frederick,
Philip, Peter
D, Tiel
and one daughThe

children of
that date.
Philip settled in Clermont, the others in Germantown.
The daughter became Mrs. John Harder.

two daughters,
little
Frederick were Frederick, Peter F., Henry, William, and
a first school-house at Germantown village stood southwest of the present post-ofiice and Potts' store; though the map of 1798 shows a school-house on the site
The
Mrs.
Myers and Mrs. George Richards.

village, is a
of Kniskern's store.
George H. Rockefeller, now of Germantown

relates this story of
There
is
a tradition that there was once a saw-mill on
son of Peter F., and a great-grandscm of the pioneer.
He
when
the rivulet that empties into the
Hudson near
site
the station.
John Harder:
du
full
in
it
the old days,
The
old
tavern of Philip Rockefeller, at which town-
men drank
Harder was
liquor (they don't

in a
now), George says.
meetings were held, was on the
of the present wagon
bar-room
of thirsty
men
at
Hudson.
the
stranger stepped out in a bluff sort of way and wagered
drinks for the crowd that he had the hardest
namj
in
It was no doubt house of the Mout:lain View Hotel. After Philip it was a tavern many yea.s before 1800. sad kept by George Rockefeller who lost his life, by a
room.
Our Germantown
representative, with a twinkle in
acciJenl which occurred upon the river
March
27, 1845,
his eye, accepted the bet,
and demanded the stranger's name.

air,
The
latter,
with a triumphant
yours."
is
shouted out, " Steele,
The
following account
is
fioVn
the Columbiaa Repository
of April
VI:
"On
Thursday,
now
'
give
\is
persons from East

"
Camp, who had been

first
March 27, a boat-load of to Hudson to make

a scow,
-My
name
Harder,
said John, quietly.
The crowd
purchases, were run over
by
and then by the
268

'
NEW
YORK.
steamboat
Soutli America.'
;
Tlie boat contained nine indi-
twelve were Rockefellers, nine Lashers, and eight Snyders.
viduals, viz.
ter,
Mr. George Rockefeller, his wife and dauirhher

son-in-law,
As
in
this road-list
must include
all,
it is
all
the male inhabitants over
Mrs.
Rifenburgh,
Rafus
Lasher,
twenty-one, or nearly
a curious fact to notice that

earlier, there
in
Philip Saispaugh and daughter,
Mrs. Trombour, Conrad

;
171
1,
almost one hundred years
were eleven
Salspaugh,
Andrew Hover, and
x\lbert Rockefeller
all
of
hundred and twenty-eight persons
the town.
This shows
;
whom
were suddenly sent into eternity.
After the scow

in
how completely
the early Palatine settlers had scattered
had struck the boat two of the party succeeded
reaching
and though a few of their family names, such
as Rockefeller
all
the boat again, but they were not to be saved, as the 'South
and Lasher, have been intimately associated with

gone elsewhere.
the sub-
America,' coming suddenly along, passed over them, crushing the boat to atoms.
sequent history of the town, yet the large majority must have
Boats were immediately lowered,
but owing to the darkness nothing could be discovered.''
Many
time,
are given
notices of the birth of slaves are found about this

for several years later.
The
bodies were
all
recovered except that of Mrs. George
and
The
following specimens
Rockefeller.
OEGANIZATION
CIVIL
"Germaxtown,
Jan. 9th, 180S.
HISTORY.
The government of
of the villages
local authority
;
the Palatine colony by a board of
commissioners, and the appointment of a master for each

in
do hereby certify that a male black child was borD of my Degro womaD, oaincii NaD, who ia called or aacned William Jacksoo, on the abov 'Philip Rockefeller.'
I
"
1711, shows the
first
establishment of
but beyond that we have
"Germantown,
little
Sept. 29lh, 1805.
account for
"
We
do hereby certify that a female child was born of our negro

slave,
sixty-four years.
During
this period the people
had the
womun, a
named
Zian.
same forms of government and the Siinie rights as those upon other portions of the Livingston manor. It was held
by the courts
that,
"Maria
I/î-emater.
"Catherine Ten Broeck."

Similar notices are signed by William Schapmoes, Peter
though the
title to
the soil
had been sold

in
by Robert Livingston, yet Gerraantown was,

all
respect to
Sharp, and Philip Saispaugh.
In
some
cases the words are
other conditions of the original grant, a part of the
added, " which I do hereby abandon." giving freedom to the infant.
That amounted
to
manor.
The people of Germantown had a
right to vote in
electing a representative to the Legislative
Assembly from
The town-meeting of 1808 was

Rockefeller.
held at the house of Simon
the manor.
The
lord of the
manor had the power of hold-
ing a " court-leet" and a " court-baron," and of course the

right to appoint officers for such courts, and the people
1809.
feller.
Annual meeting held

Out of seventeen town
yoke around the neck.
at the
house of Philip Rocke-
officers six
were Rockefellers.
expression shows
were subject
of raising
wa.s also
to the jurisdiction
of these courts.
The power
All hogs running at large, except sucking pigs, to have a

suitable
money
for all
city,
town, and county purposes
The
last
granted in the patent, and the tenants were authorelect assessors for those purposes.
the care in drawing the by-laws, otherwise some careless

citizen
ized
to
This govern-
might have put the yoke on some other part of the

Seventy dollars was voted for support of the poor.
ment by the
authority in
manor must have been the local Germantown down to 1775. In 1775 Gerlord of the
as a " district."
hog.
1810.
Staats,
The
eleven
roadmasters
chosen
were
John
mantown was formed

continued until
the
This organization
it
Frederick Rockefeller, John Harder, Jr., George
general
law of 1788, when
was
Snvder, John Hover, William Schapmoes, Marks Lasher,
recognized as a town.
The
records of the " district" are
not preserved, and the names of officers cannot be given.
Henry Dick, Henry I. Miller, Philip Saispaugh, William Chapman, Jr. The fence-viewers were William Snyder,
Henry
I.
The
first
volume of town records
is
also lost,
and Thomas
Miller,
Adam
.
Rifenburgh.
Seventy-five dollars
Fingar,
who was
it is
clerk
of the town in
1828 and 1829,
were voted for the poor
and Peter Snyder was exonerated

his note, formerly given
states that
visoi-s
was missing at that time.
The
list
of super-
from the payment of the interest on

to the poorma-sters.
obtained complete from the organization of the

in
county, being preserved
the county records.
The books
held alternately at
The town-meetings seem to have been the houses of Simon Rockefeller and
all
of the Gerraantown
office are
complete from 1808.
Philip Rockefeller during several years.
The following notes are taken from the town records of Germantown 1808. The asssessors this year were Andrew Hover, William Becker, William Rockefeller. The poormasters
:
1811.
List
of
the freeholders
in
Germantown
:
to
serve as jurors for the county of Columbia
William
S.
;
Snyder, John
W.
Rockefeller, William Snyder, yeoraeii

Jr.,
John Saulspaugh,
Ashley, farmei-s
;
carpenter;
Noah Shcpard, Henry

;
were Conrad Lasher and Peter Sharp.
Commissioners of
Joseph F. Lodewick, mason

farmers
Christian
Philip S.
Henry Dick, Jacobus Kline; Constables, Jacob Fingar, Jacob A. Turk Fenceviewers, Adam Rifenburgh, William Snyder, John B. ShulHighways, William
Fritzs,
;
Rockefeller, Peter H. Miller,
John Kline, Jacob A. Turk,

Happy, carpenter
Jr.,
;
Jacobus
farmers
Kline,
William Schapmoes, William Chapman,

;
John
;
Blass,
tis;
Poundmaster, Peter Hyser
and Roadmasters, Philip
Frederick
Rockefeller,
black.smith
;
Andrew
I.
Staats,
John W.
Rockefeller, William Becker,
Adam
At
for
Rifenburgh, Peter B.
Bissell,
John Acker, Lasher, Peter Sharp, John
Hover, farmer; Henry Rockefeller, merchant

feller,
John RockeLasher,
Rockefeller,
physician
George Rockefeller, Conrad
Hover, Roger
Philip S. Rockefeller,
Adam
A. Clum.
Peter Lasher, William Rockefeller, Philip
W.
that time, in the eleven road districts, there were a.s8es.sed
John Harder,
Jr.,
highway labor one hundred and
fifteen persons,
of
whom
Philip P. Clum, farmers
Henry I. Miller, Peter I. Harder, John Acker, ferryman Herman

;
;

Rockefeller, farmer;
NEW YORK.
amount voted
No.
.3
269
John Fuhr, shoemaker;

William
Fritz,
;
Philip C.
Fritz,
1828.
Lasher,
William
Becker,
Philip
dollars, just half
farmers; Jacob D. Barringer, carpenter
Philip Staata, Jr.,

C.
The sum of 1829. Road

1830.
1840.
voted for the poor was two hundred

the
in
1824.
district
is
described as ' beginning

'
shoemaker;
Benjamin Hover, Conrad
Lasher, Jacob
;
at the
Reverend Rudy's school-house.
Lasher, Elias Fingar, Jacob C. Fingar, farmers

Rockefeller, blacksmith
;
Peter D.
Only forty
dollars raised for the support of the
Frederick Warringer, John Staats,

farmers.
poor.
Jacob
Philip,
Henry Dick,
By
Simon
appointment,
Rockefeller,
assessors.
It
was
" voted
that taxes which
had been
re-
Frederick
Rockefeller,
;
supervisor;
ceived for dogs should be returned to those

it."
who have
paid
town clerk
1812.
Jacob D. Barringer and Peter Sharp,
Good
for the
owners of dogs, though a
trifling defi-
One
At
hundred
dollars voted for the support

for senator, held April
of
ance of State authority, perhaps.

1845.
the poor.
the election
23, 29,
and 30, Edward P. Livingston received sixty-two votes
Garret Lasher.
and Martin Van Buren

was unable
and
six votes.
to beat the Livingstons.
The At
future President the same election

for
The town-meeting 1852. A bounty was

Germantown.
little
was held
at
the
house of
ofiered of six cents for each
crow
killed in
The town being

fifty
small,
it
was probit.
Zebulon R. Shepherd received eighty-six votes
Congress
being
ably but
trouble for the crows to fly around
Hosea
Moffit
eighty-six,
two
representatives
1853.
Two
hundred and
dollars
were voted
to-
chosen from the

182-t.
district.
wards building the Block Factory bridge and other road

dollars
Four
hundred
was voted
for the support
expenses.
of
tiie
poor.
The
inspectors and commissioners of
common
schools were voted seventy-6ve cents a day for their services.
1858. The act annexing a portion of Clermont to Germantown wa.s passed by the Legislature, March 2, 1858. The descriptive clause is as follows " All that part of the
:
1826.
The
assessment-roll for this year was
made by
town of Clermont
of the south
in the
County of Columbia lying northerly

to the
assessors.
Samuel Snyder, Bastian C. Lasher, and Henry Dick, Jr., It contains the names of one hundred and fiftyTwenty-two were "
Lashei-s," or about
line
of the town of Germantown, in said
County, to be extended easterly

so as to
RoelofF Janscn's Kill,
three tax-payei'S.
embrace
line,
all
the territory lying Northerly of said

to the Roeloff
one-seventh of the whole.

to
Even
the Rockefellers failed
extended
from the Hudson river
Jansen
muster more than fourteen, the Lasher family outnum-
Kill, shall be
and
is
hereby taken from the town of Cler-
bering theni by eight.
The
following were as.sessed for
SIOOO
widow of Henry Ashley, S1050; Thomas N. Brodhead, 82500 William Chapman, S4500 Adam P. Cluni, 81280; Adam Clum, 81320; Henry Dick, SG900
or over:
;
mont and annexed Germantown."

1862.
to
and constitute a part of the town of
-The
annual meeting provided for electing path;
masters by ballot
that
so unusual
:
anywhere
else in
the State
George
Deninger, S1200
;
Philip
Fritz,
;
Fingar, 83500 Elias H. Fingar, 81150 82340 John Harder, Jr., 82950 Jeremiah Hover, 82660 John Hover, 89200 Andrew Hover, 85300 Jacobus Kline, 82000; Peter Kline. 81650; Peter B. Lasher, 87500 Garret H. Lasher, 81250 Walter Lasher, 82520 David Lasher, 82075 George C. Lasher, 83565 Marks Lasher, 84250 Jacob Lasher, 85030 Conrad C. Lx-sher, 82750; Bastian C. Lasher, 83850; John Lasher, 81050; Abraham I. Moore, 82570 David Moore, 81470; John iMoore, 83070; Peter H. Miller, 83695; Allen Nash, 82275; Peter M. Blasn, 84520; Wilhelmus Philip, Simon R. Rockefeller, 86930 George Rocke83590 feller, 83520; Henry Rockefeller, 87420; Peter D. Rockefeller, 82675; the widow of Philip Rouse, 81375; Philip I. Rockefeller, 84S00 John W. Rockefeller, 82425 llev. John Rudy, 310(10; Julin Staats, 85875; William and Samuel Snyder, 85000 Peter Sharp, 86560 Peter Snyder, 81850; Philip I. Salspaugh, S3000 John B. Shultis, 82450 estate of George B. Sliultis, 82750 Philip Salspaugh, 81250; Cornelius Toby, 81725; Seth Ten Broeck, 85450; Wessel Van Orden, 81300.
; ;
83840; Conrad John I. Harder,

;
we copy
the resolution
" lienofved, That every person alloned by law to vote for

officers shall
Town
en-
be allowed to deposit one ballot in a certain
bo.x,
dorsed Highways, and said ballot ahnll be canvassed by the Inspectors.
Every
ballot shall
have but one person's name on, and shall
designate the District he voles for: and
one name on shall be rejected
number
of votes shall
all ballots with more than and the person having the highest bo declared elected in their respective Road
;
Diiilricta."
1866.
The
building of a dock upon the Hudson river
being regarded as a matter of public importance, application
was made
to
the Legislature for a special act granting
authority for raising the necessary funds.

at
This was passed
the session of 1866.
On
the 23d of February of the

five
same year
a resolution to raise
thousand dollars was
submitted to the voters and adopted,

twenty-six to seventy-five.
one
hundred and
the
The work was undertaken
same season and completed,

ways having
also obtained
the
coiuniissiouers of high-
a deed from
the State to the
necessary land underwater.

the
Under date of Jan. 25, 1867, board of town auditors certify that the work has been
" in
completed
manner
" ;
entirely satisfactory to the resi-
dents of the town
that the town appropriation of five
1827.
It
was resolved that two dollars and
fifty
cents
thousand dollars was expended, together with about eleven
be raised to pay for a chest to keep the books and papers
hundred
dollars
voluntarily contributed
for
the
purpose.
belonging to the town.

old chest
This
is
doubtless the venerable

in
Furthermore, the board authorized the payment of additional expenses incurred to the
now kept over the blacksmith-shop

It
Germanlately
amount of
village,
five
hundred and
This dock
is
town
village.
was
also
in
resolved
that
house
thirty-three dollars and twenty-eight centa.
erected by
Simon Smith,
if
it
the cove, near Philip Rouse,
just west of North

addi:ion to the
Germantown
and
is
a convenient
It
be removed,
can be log.iHv diino.
.-liippiiiL' fieililies
of the town.
extends
270
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTV.

;
NEW YORK.
nearly tweuty rods into the river

is
steamboats
call
produce
shipped froni that point

;
business interests are ÔATiog
up
and there
are
many
private residences, finely situated

in
on the highlands, back from the river
and around North

has proved a
Germantown.
for railroads
Unlike most experiments of towns, bonding
and public improvements,
this
direct pecuniary gain.
highest bidder,
dollars a year.
The town rents the dock to the receiving now a rental of eleven hundred
This
is
certainly a
good income on an
in-
vestment of
less
than seven thousand dollars.

lists
The
1808:
1787.
following
of town officers are complete from
John Kortz.
"
"
Town Books
ClerkB.
lost.
Collecton.
looks lost.
17SS.
1789.
"
"
1790. Nicholas Kier^tcad. 1791.
1792.
KO.I. Peter Scharp. 1794. Nicholas Kierslcad. 1795. Philip Rockefeller. " " 1797.
1796.
"
1798.
"
"
1799. Peter Scharp.
1800. Philip Rockefeller. 1801.
John N. Taylor.
" " " " "
1802. Garret Cuck. 1803. 1804.
"
1805. Peter Scharp. 1806.
1807. Fred'k Rockefeller.

1808. 1809. 1310. 1811.
Philip Rockefeller.
Simon Rockefeller.
"
"
"
Simon
"
1812.
1813.
1S14. Siinun Rockefeller.
Rockefeller. "
Philip P. Clum.
John Kline.
John D. Beninger
Nicholas Shultis.
Jacobus Kline.
P.
1815.
1816. 1817. 1818. 1819. 1820.
"
W.
Rockefeller.

l.lD.I.
271

new law of 1812, which required each town
to secure their share of the public
in,
to raise
money
under date of March 19, 1878, shows

present condition of the schools
District.
:
to
some extent the
money, was concurred

inspectors
and the modern system of schools was commenced.
No. of Children. Public Money.
At
ford,
the
annual
town-meeting
of 1813
of
schools were chosen,
Frederick
No.
"
Rockefeller,
also
Isaac San-
"
"
2 3
John
Staats,
Jacobus Kline; and
Commissioners
In
4
5
"
Peter Sharp, Simon Rockefeller, and Philip P. Clum.
90 110 +5 65 109
?:)
SIS.I.U 211.49 118.87 142.73 287.71

1S2..S5
"
September of that year the town was divided

school districts,
itants
;
into four
Total
No.
502
having forty-eight taxable inhab;
S1126.76
No.
2, forty-three
No.
4,
twenty-four
No. 3
is
it
The
public
money
is
therefore about three times
what
not given.
was twenty-three years ago.
In subsequent years the following persons served one or
more years each
as inspectors of
Rockefeller, Peter Sharp, Philip
common schools Henry W. Rockefeller, John P.

:
THE RIVERSIDE SEMINARY.
school was established at the
Clum, George Rockefeller,

Ebenezer Brinton,
Wm.
I.
Snyder, James Hatch,

Philip Staats, Jr.,
station in
1864.
Germantown railroad The property was owned by Philip W.

effisrts.
Wm.
Heart, Jr.,
Rockefeller, and
It
the school opened by his active
Wessel
feller,
S. B.
Van Oiden, Andrew Hover, Simon Rocke-
was a
favorite enterprise with him.
He
had been away
Peter Snyder, Elias Fingar,

Shultis,
Wm.
Overbaugh, Seth
from
this place for
many
years.
Returning, he carried out

years, lavishing
his
Ten Broeck, Nicholas

cock, Jacob Sharp,
John
Kline, Marsena Hitch-
this idea, cherished for
many
means
Prof.
;
David Sturtcvant, John Rudy, Peter
freely
upon the undertaking.
Fingar, Elias Lasher, A. T. Park, George Wackerhagen,
Rev.
H. R. Schermerhorn
in
was
the
principal
Thomas Lasher, George W. Calkins, Philip Rockefeller, John H. Sturges, Edward G. Lasher, Charles De Witt down to 1843, when the office was abolished. From 1813 to 1843 the following persons served as
school commissioners one or
Mattice was instructor
languages and mathematics
Miss
Wood, preceptress and teacher of music and French Miss Lucy Peary, teacher of English branches Miss Vedder
; ;
and Prof. Reynolds were also here for a time.
Lasher, Bastian C. Lasher,

Philip
feller,
more years each John Cline, Jacob

Jr.,
Peter B.
The
school continued four years.
portion of the time
C. Fingar,
I.
there were sixty or seventy scholars, including boarders
W.
Rockefeller, William S. Snyder, Philip
RockeSpeal-
and day
filled,
pupils.
The boarding department was
steadily
John Hover, William Chapman,
Adam
and the general support of the school was good.
man,
Wm.
Overbaugh, Wessel T. B. Van Orden, John
Various circumstances combined to terminate the enterprise.
Harvey, Peter D. Rockefeller, Jacobus Kline, Elias Fingar, Peter Snyder,
The
failure of other citizens to invest their

it
means
Samuel Snyder, Jeremiah Hover, Allen Nash, David Lasher, David Sturtevant, Marsena HitchPhilip
in
founding and enlarging the school, as
was expected
they would, was, perhaps, the chief reason, though there
cock,
Rouse, Henry Dick,
Jr.,
Adam
P.
Clum,
were others.
John W.
Philip P.
Rockefeller,
David Philips, Henry ShetFer, Peter

I.
The
school had a
marked
influence
upon
the
well
young
recall'
Dick, Peter F. Rockefeller, Philip

Rockefeller,
Staats, Garret Lasher,
people of the town, and Mr. Rockefeller
may
Philip A.
Clum, Peter
Sturges,
with pleasure the results of his

school closed so soon.
efforts,
notwithstanding the
Peter D. Rockefeller, John P. Clum, George
W. Calkins, Harmon Staats, Jonas Lasher, Gilbert I. Lasher, Samuel W. Snyder, Peter Dick, Robert C. Rouse, Valentine
Fingar.
Very many
pupils obtained a far better education than
they would have otherwise secured.
Several of the students
of Riverside Seminary are already

abolished, town superintendents
in positions
of usefulness
;
The system having been

Charles
C.
and honor.
Claudius Rockefeller, lawyer, of Hudson
Dr.
were chosen as follows: 1844, Charles
De Witt;
1850,
1845,
George Knickerbocker, and Winfred

neer,
S. Lasher, civil engi-
DeWitt; 184G, Jacob

1843,
Valentine
C.
Ashley; 1847, Jacob

Lewis
C.
now
ill
the department at Albany, with
many
others,
Ashley;
Fingar;
were educated here.

After the school was abandoned, Mr. Rockefeller opened
a hotel in the
Lasher;
Witt.
1852, George
W.
Calkins;
1854, Charles
De
was
No
election recorded for 1856,
and the
office
same building, which
is
quite successful
a.s
a
i.s
abolished that year.
summer
sl.'c
resort.
The name, Mountain View House,

it
At
town.
the present time there are
school-houses
in
the
rightly given, facing, as

Catskill mountains.
does, the grand scenery of the
There are
also
two parts of
districts in the south-
west corner of the town, the school-houses for which are in
Clermont.
CHURCHES.
at
The school-house
size, in
Gurmantown
village
is
one of
fair
THE REFORMED CHURCH OF QERMANTOWN.

This church was organized
in
which two teachers are sometimes employed.
Dis-
1728
or
1729 by Rev. Joand who

also
It
trict
No. 2 enjoys the advantages of railroad
property,
hannes Van Driesscn, who was
its fii'st pastor,
letidciing the taxes on other property very light.
ministered to the churches of Claverack and Kinderhook.
In 1855 the amount of public money for the support of

schools was
three
was
for
many
years independent of ecclesiastical connection.
hundred and ninety-nine
dollars
and
In 1837, under the pastorate of Jacob
W. Hangeo,
it
was
It
thirty-one cents.
received under the care of the classis of Poughkeepsie.
The
following apportionment by the school commissioners,
was subsequently transferred
to the classis of
Hudson, with

which
it is
NEW
YORK.
:73
now
united.
The
site
of the
first
house of wor-
from the sacred altars of the old church the beloved dead were borne forth
to the
ship was one-fourth of a mile, from the river, on the farm
adjacent hill-side.
Around the
now owned by
will
J.
R. Gale.
The
present building,
which
whose
open graves mourning families gathered then as they gather now, while the solemn words of Christian faith and Christian
comfortably seat four

is
present value
in 1814,
perhaps four thousand dollars, was erected

located half a mile east of the village of
hope
fell
gently, tenderly, from the pastor's lips

is
and so
and
it is
Germantown.
The
present pastor
is
Rev. James Wyckoff.
This brief statement gives scarcely a hint of the interesting history belonging to this venerable church.
records arc in German, and, though
ea.sy to
Its earlier
well
preserved, not
be translated.
In some respects they are exceed-
memorials of the dead and the early memories of many still living. The place chosen for the new house in 1814 w.as central and convenient. The village of Germantown was not then in existence. The beautiful hill from which the tall spire has pointed heavenward for so many years affords a fine view east and west, north and south. Upon the
the site of the old church
hallowed by the precious
ingly valuable.
The record of baptisms, commencing in 1729, comes down in the first book to 1802. It is conit is
ample grounds of the parsonage
is
a place to which public
expectation points for the church of the future to be erected.
tinued in the subsequent volumes until the present time,
and
fifty
probable that
all
the baptisms of one hundred and
years are recorded and preserved.
In earlier times
nearly the whole congregation were careful to present their

children for baptism, and
James Wyckoff, Simon S. Rockefeller, Alexander W. Hover, Jacob \V. Ten Broeck Deacons, J. R. Gale, Lewis E. Dick, Charles H. Hover, Henry Arpresent organization consists of Rev.
Elders,
The
pastor
Thomas
Fingar,
many kept no
other family record
thur Lawrence
Superintendent of Sunday-school, Charles

to
than the entry upon the church book.
Here, then,
is
stored
H. Hover.
hundred.
Average school attendance, seventy-five
one
away
riages
the family history of the pioneei's.

is
The
list
of mar-
The communicants of
fifty.
the church
number one
not as complete as that of baptisms, and yet a close

will furnish,
hundred and eighty-nine, and the congregation two hundred

to
readingof the old pages
no duubt, many dates
two hundred and
and names not recorded anywhere

first
else.
The
leaves of this
We
are indebted to the courtesy of the pastor for valu-
book are
in excellent condition,
to
and the volume only
able assistance in securing the facts above given, and for
needs rebinding
be safely kept through other centuries.
the following interesting items.
The
original corporate
name of
the society was " The Geris
The
lowing:
title-page of the venerable
church book has the
fol-
man Reformed
Sunctity Cliurclt," and this
strictly the
legal title at the present time.
Among
the papers are
some
"
The
Uecistf.u.
of historic interest, and very likely important as evidence of

title,
Church Dock
of the
either to the
church or other
parties
now holding
by purchase and descent.
There
is
a deed dated
June 15,
High Dutch
Congregation
in the
17-H, executed by Johannes Heiner and Christopher Hagadorn, conveying to Paul Dick, in trust for the CalciiiUt
Eaat Camp,
German Church,
four several parcels of land,

first
parts of lots
1
Seventeen hundred twenty-eight-
Nos. 150, 154, and 345; the
contiiinirig
rood 17
perches; the second, 2 roods and 38 perches; the third, 14

acres 2 roods
Examined and ordaineJ (?) Seminary Domii.ic Jonoa Vou Driessen

V. D.
.M.
24 perches
the fourth, " the ground the church
E.
in
stands upon."
Ordained Kindcrhook
Claverack,
There
is
also the
bond of the said Paul Dick, executed
Anno Domini
to
Soli,
14th January, 1728.
Deo, Gloria."
the elders. Christian Dedrick, Tunis Snyiler, Peter Stopplebeen, and deacons Peler
Sherb and Johannes Mow/, guaran-
From
those old
the baptismal register
we give a few names entered, up

in
teeing the said property to the perpetual use of the church
as specimens of the valuable family history locked
on condition that services shall be maintained according

the ''Established
to
German
records.
Reformed
Reliijion."
This bond
is
dated
is
about the same time as the deed,

certain
June, 1741.
1728
"DOOP BOECK.
"
173'.l. S'-|]t.
It
not
7th, Sapina.
when
daughter of Jac.b Schcrp.
the old house of worship was erected, but

after the organization.
to
it
" "
I7:;l. .\pril
:M. Lodfivvck, <oo uf Jacoh Scherp.
was no doubt soon

It stood in the
1740.
" K.il. Oct.
I'Jlh,
Calliryn, dauglilcr of
Lauwrcns
K'nickc-rh.iokcr.
neighborhood of the early Palatine settlement,

reminiscences.
17.;l, Oct. I'Jth,
Calharina, daughter of Joliaiine.s Meling.
a place full of historic
North from the
" K.'.l. Oct. rJtli. .luhan Pliilip, son of Ileiidrick .Mover.

'
Jlountaiii
View House,
17.il,
17.'.I.
Nov.
Ith, Elizabelll,
daughter of
I'ctcr
.-ûiitli.
a little southeast of the old brick

first
"
"
dwelling formerly occupied by Jolm Kortz. the

visor of the town.
Its
super-
17:11,
17.11,
17:'/.',
Nov. nth, .\ndries, son of Philip Darthel. Nov. 14th. llcndrick, son of Jacob Ztesscr. Nov. nth, .Marghried, daughter of Frclerick Stryd.
exact site was on the level ground
"
"
just at the
tered
e.i.storn
foot
of the slope, on which a few scat-
John Jacob.
<or.
of Cliristiaii Dicdrig.
17::2, 1-cb. 2:;d,
Calharina, daugliter of Pliiiip Klonip."
monuments
yet .>how the old burial-place.
There
for
tliree-ijuartcrs
of a century or more the fathers and mothers
The The
first
ii'arriage
rait
record seems to be " 174(;, Willu^lni
of the olden time met fur the worship of
God
there they
;
HoUiiibeck
Cornelia Brussi."
brought their children

loving,
trustful
for
the
baptismal
blessing
there
old books are largely devoted to baptismal and mar-
hearts joined
hands
in
token of life-long
riaire records,
and do not give the

fully.
official
meetings of the
fidelity as the pastor
pronounced the marriagc-serviee; and
cousi.itory
very
There
is,
however, a catalogue of
274

and deacons
is
NEW
YORK.
thirty years a
elders
list
in
German
and
difficult
to decipher.
The
of pastors
difficult to secure, especially as
the church
was an independent
h-'dy,
its
ministers are therefore not
maker, June 25, 1810, eighty years of age. widow; buried on Wednesday following- her John xiv. 2."
death.
Text,
recorded in the published minutes of higher ecclesiastical
We
1746
wick.
years.
have no
full
and accurate record of the
pa.stors
of
From 1728 to 1800 we have only the names of Rev. Johannes Van Driessen and Rev. Gerhard Daniel From 1800 to 1830 we have the name of Fox, Cock. who continued for some twenty-two years, and John Rudy. The latter is said to have first preached repentance and
bodies.
faith as necessary conditions of
this church. to
Christian Hartwick was the incumbent from
17C0, and Rev. .Johannes Reis followed Mr. HartDr. Augustus Wackerhagen was pastor thirty- five
Rev.
B.
5Ir.
Quitman from 1810
to
1810.
Rev. WilRev. Mr.
liam
Askam was
last
pastor seven years,
and
church membership.
Rev.
Front
Gulick, the
incumbent preceding the present, was pastor

This record accounts
for
lSo6 the records

Ilaungen was
Rev. A. P.
are tolerably complete.

in
Rev. Jacob VV.
eighteen years.
about one hun-
installed
1S36
IG,
I.
Boyd
in
1840;
Hoff,
dred years of the pastorate, though not in the order of succession, leaving unaccounted for, sixty or
Fries,
Oct.
1849;
Rev. Bergun
1,
more
far
years.
August, 1851; Rev. Abraham H. Myers, Dec.

Rev. Harvey R. Schermerhorn, June
Roe,
1,
1856;
S.
The
first
hou.se of worship
was erected
is
hack
in
the
It
1862
Rev.
W.
time of the fathers, but the date
difficult to obtain.
May
old
6,
1867; Rev. G. D. W. Bodine, Aug. 12,

1,
stood, as elsewhere mentioned, on the hill very near to the
186S; Rev. James WyckofF, Sept.
1874.
is
present residence of J. Fiiigar.

a stone
It
was a beautiful
site,
The
pai'sonage of the
Reformed church
as the
and
it is
easy to believe that the congregation were loath to
building
still
standing, bearing the date
by Mrs. Persons, formerly known
1707, now owned Van Orden place.
change
to the present place,
on the south
line
of the town.
The
location of the congregation,
which had changed conand desirable.
One of the pastors of the Dutch Reformed church in Germantown, Rev. Gerhard Daniel Cock, having attended
a council, Oct. 9, 1764, at Kingston, for the purpose of har-
siderably from the settling of the colony one hundred years

before, rendered the removal both proper
monizing differences which had arisen

place,
in
the church of that the next morning.
found himself suddenly
in trouble
The second house was erected nearly on the site of the present, in 1812. The latter was built in 1867, and dedicated in June, 1S68. Rev. Dr. Pohlman preached the sermon.
He was
Ulster,
arrested on a warrant issued by
John Hardcnburgh
for the
and Levi Pauling, justices of the peace
county of
The
present organization of the church consists of Rev.

pastor;
and charging the astonished peace-maker with being

person to the Government, and a
W. H. Luckenbach,
ciders;
Wm.
Rockefeller, clerk
Con-
"a dangerous
was thereupon
supremacy,
all
common
rad C. LiLsher, Jr., Jonas Lasher, and
disturber of the Peace of his JIajesty's Liege subjects."

rei|uired to take the oaths of allegiance
He
and
Wm.
H. Rockefeller,
John A. Rockefeller, Peter R. Rockefeller, and

H. Moore, George
Peter
Feller,
Potts, Jr., deacons;
John
W.
of which he was entirely willing to do, and
and Jacob Si|)perly, trustees; Peter Potts, superin-
was forthwith discharged.
Learning not long
after that
tendent of Sunday-school. There are three hundred volumes

in the library.
they had no rightful authority to do anything of the kind,
and that the move was only a stratagem of one of the

parties
to
The
to
old papers of tlio
church arc a valuable collection,
the
church quarrel, he forthwith drew up a

asking for the removal
including not only history, hut also important evidence as

titles
petition to the provincial governor
and other matters of
frcf|uent
legal
E.sq.,
inf|uiry.
of the said justices from
office,
on the ground that they and aOiise of the
Through the courtesy of Ephraim Lasher,

able to add the following items.
we
are
had made " a
presitniph'oiis perversimi
s.aid
There arc preserved the

founders of civil
power
in/nisled with the

fails
Justices for the public good."

justices cleared
folhiwing papei-p,
many
or
all
of them originals, valuable

settlers,
History
to
show whether the
them-
even
for the
autographs of early
institutions.
selves before the council

cal proceedings, or
for their extrajudicial ecclesiasti-
and religious and
deed from Johannes Ileiner
whether they were
" obliged to step
down
Christopher
Hairadcjrn,
June
15,
1741, to Samuel
and out.
'
Miller.
Witnesses, (albert Livingston and Henry Living-
LLTllER.V.N CUUltCII.
ston.
ri'liL'ious
deed. Dee. 2, 175:5, frcjm Johannes
Lyck
to
Marand
The Lutheran
all'onl
chun-li
is
no doubt the oldest

lis records
tin
Lyck.
lilass.
deed, A]iril 7, 1773, fn.m

to
Iriel Ileyscr
organization in (iennantown.
dn imt. Imwevcr.
ut'
Kva
widow,
Samuel
Philip.
Miller.
.\
Witnesses, (ieihart
S,.pt.
It;,
much
inli>rmati(jn
earlier
than 174ii. while thuse
Cuek and
rlui.-tiaii
to
deed.
1775.
the Reformed church date back to 1728.
Under
niini>trr
is
it
the head
Henry Funk
i:;.
Johannes Hainer.
l*hili]>.
Witnesses, David
Man-
of schools, will be found the

to
name
of
;i
appended
hard. Christian
and Philip P. Clum.
Deed, Juno
Deed. Sept.
a receipt,
I.
oh.
Fr.
Ilaeyer.
This
pastor,
dated Jan. IS,
1787, Martin Luyck to Conrad B. La.-her.
171
If this
was the Lutheran
shows that that

Fcjr
to
l:!,
1799, Gideon Hornheek to Conrad B. La^her.

12. 1774.
ISOII,
Deed, Deed,
Lasher.
church was coeval with the

thirty-Kve years, however,
fouiHliiiL' ul'
the colony.
May
Samuel Piovost
Gideon
to
Samuel
to
Miller.
tin.-,
seems
to he the sole
item
Dee. 5.
Hondjeek
Coin-ad
B,
he
ol.t.iine.l.
Deed. Fehiuarv. 1771. Anlhoiiy Lispenard and Mary Car-
The
record of hiipti-nis conmiciiuc- Jan. IS, 174t;.

'
when
roll
t.i
Conrad
B.
La-her.
deed on
parchment
from
there w.is hapti/.ed
I'.trMs. son of Julinaiid M.iri.i IlciMcr."

i>
Johannes Ileanor.
likewise
.\ug. 15, 175S, of firty acres " for the
Under date of
There
Ajiril 14. 1.^11,
reconlcd the iiianiagc
use of the Palatine mini.-tcr and his successors forever,

shall
who
for
of "tieurLie Drninger to Betsey Lawrcns.'

i.-^
teach a school
there."
The
will
of Rev.
alô entered the
death of
I'rsiila
Maria Schu-
Johannes
Christopher
Hartwick, pastor
from
1746

many
years.
NEW
YORK.
of a deed of release, Aug. 28, 1788,
Bond of
the
elders
and
deacons
of the
following
memorandum
George Philip Schumaker, given

Lutlicran cliurch,
Lasher, LuJwiok
Botts,
and
Philip Salspaugh to Johannes Salspaugh.

brothers, sons of Philip Salspaugh,
They were two

will bore date
to
Wm.
Hagadorn and Bernard

thousand acres
for
whose
Heanor, June 15, 1741.
April 8, 1788
The
original date of the patent of six
Philip releases to Johannes eight parcels of land, part of
the Palatines appears in
many
places in these papers,
the old patent of

people,
November
17, 1725, to the trustees of the
Nov. 17, 1725.
John
Ileanor, Christopher Hagadorn, and others.
When
ance
:
the Lutheran church desired to erect their
new
The
is
descriptions are in accordance with a
map executed by
cliurch, in 1812, thoy
made the following appeal
for assist-
Cudwalladcr Golden in 1740.

in existence, but
is
That old map on parchment
is
not easily read.
A
;
copy of
it,
also
"Arnii, 1,1812.
" The Luthenin church of Gcrmantown, Columbia Co., commonly
callfd
very old,
now
in
the possession of Erastus Coons, Esq.,
of Germautown.
The
eight parcels are
1st.
;
East Camp, being in a very ilccaying comlitiua, and threatening every moment to fall into ruin, by which the lives of many might be enJangereil, the vestry of said church have thought it to
be their Christian duty,
320, ten acres, one rood, twelve perches
2d.
No. 269, thirty

piece
with the consent of the members of the

one.
acres, three roods, two bounded eastward by lands of Aaron Whitmore,

;
A part of No. A part of lot 3d. A perches
congregation,
the
to
break down the same and erect a new

is
But
as
south by lands of Sharpe, four acres, two roods, twenty-nine

perches; 4th.
the most
number
of
members
small,
and not competent
to
such an under-
taking, they find themselves under the disagreeable necessity to implore the assistance of the charitable friends of religion, while they
trust in the benevolence of their fellow-christians,
Apiece "beginning
at a soft maple-tree at
northeasterly corner of
in part
Philip Salspaugh's
lot,
and
are confident
bounded
that their
German
brcthreri will not suffer a place to be destitute
by lands of Johannes Kortz, and also by lands of the Lutheran church lot 96, and by a road leading
from Robert Livingston's mills." Abram Delamater's lands are also mentioned in describing this piece, and those of
where many of their ancestors have landed and encamped. They pray the Lord to shower down the choicest blessings upon their benef.uitors, and to reward their kindness both here and in the world to
come.
" Gkoiiok DKNtr,
III, i
Conrad Snyder and William Schopmouse.

tained
Trttateen."
The
piece con-
thirty-six
acres,
three
roods,
thirty-one perches;
six acres, three
"Joliy
Sllri.TIS,
}
'
"(iKOllGL: Lasiiek,
5th.
The north
parts of Nos.
;
95 and 93,
roods, thirty-six perches
6th.
tract lying
on the north
to the river,
Conrad Lasher was appointed

tions.
to receive
the contribu-
side of the road leading
from Peter Sharp's

7th.
containing seven acres

lot
The northernmost
part
of
Other papers are a deed, March 23, 1771, Foikhart C. Douws to Conrad B. Lasher catalogue of papers held by
;
75, " beginning at an ancient stone-heap, southe;ist cor-
ner of Conrad Snyder's land,"

fifteen perches
;
containing one acre and
the society in 1788.
8th.
piece lying on the west side of the

is
The
the
following paper evidently belongs in the " box" of

:
house of Peter Sharp, and
part of lot No. 134, beginning
Reformed church
"
settlement, Oct. 30th, 1759, of
at an ancient corner-stone northeast corner of lot 134, con-
Rev. Johannes
Ca.sp:u' Revil,
minister of
elders,
tiie
High Dutch
taining one rood, thirty perches.
Reformed church, and the
Johannes Moul, Jere-
In 1821 these same parcels are conveyed by John
Sals-
miah Kilmer, Peter Sharp, Nicholas Dick, with the deaand Simeon Korn." cons, Peter
There
is
paugh
to Philip
I.
and Jacob
I.
Salspaugh.
The
trustees of the Lutheran church in
1831 were John
also the bargain
between the two churches
di-
B. Shultis, Jeremiah Proper, and William Feller.
They
I.
viding the original forty acres set apart for religious purpo.ses e((ually
then deeded a quarter of an acre to Philip

'
I.
and Jacob
between them.
Salspaugh, " bounded on the north by the old burying-
An
1802
land
;
:
inventory of the property of the church, Feb. 24,

1st.
ground.
pai-sonage, house, stable,
and eight acres of
2d.
One hundred and
forty-four
pounds due by Ja;
cob Salspaugh at seven per cent, interest
3d.
One hundred
The parsonage of ihe Lutheran church of the old times stood south of James C. Fingar's, on the farm of Philip H. Rockefeller. It was taken down seventy years ago or more.
and seventeen pounds due by John

at seven
ITy.ser
and Peter Hyser,
per cent, interest
4th. Twelve pounds rent for
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, NORTH GERMANTOWN. The

first
the above parsonage; 5th.

year, three
Alms money
received the past
Methodist Episcni)al
class
at
Gcrmantown was
In 1S49
;
pounds and four shillings; Gth. Forty-five acres
connected with the West Taghkanic
circuit.
it
wood
lot.
was composed of James
II.
Snyder, class-leader
Hiram
Snyder,
The
tified to
trustees signing this paper were

Sliultis.
II.
Jacob Salspaugh,
is
Reeves, steward
Catharine 8. Snyder, Samuel
W.
George Lasher, and Barent
Their election
cer-
by the pastor, Frederick

certificate
Quitman.
bears
Maria Snyder, William Peary, Nancy Peary, Jacob Peary, John Patten, Gertrude Patten, Philip II. Coon, Catharine
Reeves,
The
1799.
of incorporation
that time
date
April 22,
Edward Reeves, Oliver
J. Reeves, .Mary
A. Reeves,
The
trustees at
were
Barent Shultis,
corporate
Levi Best, Margaret Best, Henry E.
Ham,
Eliza
Ham,
Peter B. Lasher, and John Kortz.
The
name
certifi-
was " Christ Church," and the

tion
elders certifying to the elec-
Jacob Barringer, Maria Barringer, Cliarlotte Lasher, Luciiida Ashley, Caroline Sheffer, Mary A. Loukes. Almira
were George Lasher and Barent Sipperly.
The
cate was acknowledged before Robert Livingston.

Still
further
illustrating the
in
old history
both of
it,
the
church and of property
connection with
we add the
Henry Persons, Dinah Barlier. The ministers who might have served previous to 1S53, when the perfect list begins, were 1842-t::, Lewis .McKeiidree Pease; 1841, John Campbell; 1S45, Lorin Clatk
Lasher,
;
276

Ham; 1848^9, Samuel M. Knapp
; ;
NEW
YORK.
site
1846-17,, Jeremiah
Tliis station
The
old
Lutheran church stood just about on the
of
1850, Thomas Jerrolds
1851-52, Aaron Hunt,

to
Jr.
the present dwelling-house of J. Fingar.
was connected with Myersville from 1853
connected with
it
The burial-place was on the rounded and now beautiful

to the corner
to
186C; with Madalin from 1867
1876; 1877 and
since,
elevation just south of the house, extending, as the old
with Tivoli.
people state
it,
up
of the dwelling.
In this
Little
The following is the regularly-appointed list of ministers, commencing with 1853 1853, William M. Nelson 1854, supplied 1855, Henry H. Birkins; 1856, H.Wood; 1857, supplied; 1858, W. S.
:
ground, as
little
in
the others, were
many
burials.
by
the sacred mementoes of the dead have disappeared.

flowers planted
The
by loving hands, even
in that old
ruder
age, ceased long ago to
bloom above the resting-places of

stones that within the
Bouton; 1859-60, Aaron Coons; 1861-62,

Ives; 1863-64, T.Ellis; 1865, Aaron Rogers
J.
William J.
;
the departed.
The very
memory
of
1866-67,
the present generation
still
stood, like lone sentinels
watching
or how.
H. Wood; 1868-70,
W.
F. Harris;
1871-73, George
the dust of the dead, have gone,
few
can
tell
when
B. Clark; 1874-75, J. H. Loomis; 1876-77, J. Birch; 1878, Silas Fitch.
There
is left
at last simply a
smooth
field,
over which the
plow and the reaper move with nothing

finely situated
to obstruct or retard
The
society
have a neat house of worship,
their progress.
But the heavenly Father knoweth where

and needeth neither marble nor granite
on elevated ground.
farmers surround
it
The
well-cultivated fields of thrifty

side.
his children sleep,

to
on every
Near
it is
a parsonage
half hidden in shrubbery, with strawberries, grapes, and
other fruit
in
rich
abundance.
little
to the west flows

its silver
the Hudson, affording bright glimpses of
current;
beyond, the Catskills
lift
their bold
summits
to the sky.
its
mark their place of burial. The later cemetery of the Reformed church, on the beautiful hill east of Germantown village, is finely situated and well cared for. Here are written upon the long, close rows of marble the old historic names of Germantown, and
here
is
To
ful
preach the gospel on this lovely height with
delight-
gathered
is
much
of public and private history.
surroundings can be attended with
little
of the hard-
The same
true of the cemetery of the Lutheran church
ships and privations of the earlier Methodist work.
A
The
in its later location
upon the south
line of the
town.
Their
minister appointed to this charge

lines
may
well exclaim, "
older ground, near the church, though
not laid out with
have
fallen to
me
in pleasant places."
graveled avenues, and adorned with shrubbery and flowers,

is,
The church was

society.
built soon after the organization of the
nevertheless, a model of neatness
and
care,
a splendid ex-
Near
it is
a burial-place, neatly laid out and well

is
ample, showing with
how little expense

It
is
an old cemetery
may
cared for.
At
present there
at
an out-station connected
be kept neat and beautiful.
not costly
;
monuments nor
it is
with this church

consists
East Camp.
The
;
present organization
extravagant expenditures that are needed
loving care.
fence,
of Rev. Silas Fitch, pastor

;
James H. Snyder,
Ellis,
Two
things will answer every real demand,
a strong
class-leader
C. Snyder, J.
H. Barringer, William
well preserved, and a clean-shaven sod.

also laid out a
This society has
and Dr.
W.
0. Smith, stewards.
new ground, which
is
just over the line, in
Clermont.
BURIAL-PLACES.
There are a few places of private

be interesting to trace, but as
burial,
which
it
might
The
earliest points
of burial were in the vicinity of the
much
space has already been
two ancient churches.

described, stood
e;st
The Reformed church,
as already
given to other matters of great interest to Germantown,
of the burial-ground, the latter occuhill.
our limits will not permit enlarging upon this
topic.
pying the slope and a portion of the top of the

is
This
now
a desolate-looking place.
Perhaps a neglected graveto

left
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRIAL
is
ENTERPRISES.
;
yard
is,
of
all
other places, the one most calculated
The
Large
soil
of this town
generally fertile
most of
it
can
awaken
here,
feelings of sadness.
There are a few stones
be plowed, the rocky portions nowhere being extensive.

tracts of clay, sand,
some with
inscriptions scarcely readable, but of rare
and loam have by careful

productive.
culti-
interest to the anti(iuarian.
The Sharp
family are buried

date.
vation been
made highly
Formerly considerraised with
here, and
many
others, even
some of quite a modern
able grain was produced for sale.
Wheat was
AVhen
will
the church honor them.selves and
honor the
success in early times
in later years rye, corn,
and
oats.
memory of
tion of
the fathers by surrounding this sacred place with
At
the present time hay and fruit constitute the principal
a strong fence,
and save
it
for future yeare?
The
consecra-
exports.
The former
is
shipped largely
to
New York
by
new and
beautiful cemeteries with the adornments

is
an arrangement of the farmers themselves,

prices with light expense for freight.
successfully,
securing
city
of modern times
proof of a high and noble feeling in
Fruit has been raised
the hearts of the people.

places of the fathera ?
But why
neglect the old burial-
and
is
now
the leading industry of the town.
Large quantities of
in
pcai-s,
plums, cherries, grapes, and ber-
The
and
following are
:
some of the dates remaining

Sliar.p,
this
;"
ries
are annually
produced, and are of excellent quality.

little
old yard
"
Wife of Peter
died Nov. 30th, 17S0

;"
Freighted by the river, with but

reach the city markets
in fine
land-carriage, they
" Peter Sharp, Feb. 17th,
1781
and " Jacob Moore,
condition.
This class of fruit

is
July 3d, 1811."
Also the following, which some one

:
may
exceeds the apple crop, though the latter
good.
be able to translate
There are no manufacturing

"ITTS
II
entcrjirises of
any import-
DEW
.Vn^'ust
ance iu town.
It
is
a tradition of the people that, through

interested parties, the original
to
some management of other
M"
intended grant of ton thousand acres was changed
six
Clermont manor
BU^MUi or
HOUSZ.rHCrnoFZRTr orCURMONTUVINCSrON.
THt gmi-nsH
in 1777.
Rlsuilt
jh
/778.
CIXSMONT, COLUMBIA
CO.N
V.

thousand, and then so laid out as to exclude the Palatines
NEW
YORK.
277
gaged
in agriculture
and such mercantile and mechanical
from
all
the water-power of RoeiofF Jansen's Kill and from

valuable docking-places ou the Hudson, river.
true or not,
it is
pursuits as are required for the

citizens
home
trade.
Some
of the
at
any
really
engage
in
fishing enterprises
upon the Hudson
Whether
this be
is
true that no valuable
the appropriate season of the year.

in
Still
others are engaged
water-power
found in town.
saw-mill has been run a
commerce upon the ocean,
as seamen, officers, or masters
portion of the year for a long time past on the head-waters
of foreign-bound ships.
of a
mill
it
little
is
stream
in
the southeast part of the town.

J.
The
settle-
The
raising of small fruits has developed into a large
now owned by
original mill
within a few years.
& How
I.
J. Lasher; they
have
refitted
business in late years.
The
season of
1878 has been unuin
near back to the early

is
sually favorable both in the
abundance of the crop and
ment the
at East
was built
difficult to
determine.
meeting a good market.
The
results
are worth stating,
There was
also a saw-mill near the present school-house
though
It
is
far
above the average.

dollai-s'
Camp
Landing.
This was run by
Adam
P. Clum,
estimated that twenty-five thousand
worth
a prominent town-officer of early years, and was very likely

built
of strawberries have been sold this year from Germantown

alone,
by
his father, Pliilip
Clum,
in still
earlier times.
and that four thousand dollars has been paid
for labor
The people of
the town are thus shown to be mostly en-
in picking the fruit.
CLERMONT.
Clermont was
March
town.
12,
It
erected from the
Columbia
1858, the
latter
Atheling, and wife of
1787, and organized the following year as a

formerly embraced
all
native country to Scotland, about the period of the
King Malcolm Canmore, from his Norman

became the proprietor of an
estate
that part of
conquest, in 10G8.
at
He
county lying southwest of Roeloflf Jansen's Kill, except

original
West Lothian, which was

when,
in
created a barony, and trans-
Germantown.
area to a
On
the 2d of March,
mitted through his descendants for nearly four hundred

years,
northwest part of Clermont was annexed to the

reducing
its
little
is
town,
acres.
the reign of
James IV. (1-J88-1513), Bar-
more than eleven thousand

very irregular.
The shape of Clermont

east
to
It extends from
tholomew Livingston dying without issue, the direct line became extinct a collateral branch had, however, in the
;
the Hudson, on the west, along the Dutchess county line

the southernmost bend of RoeiofF Jansen's Kill,
a
mean
time, acquired wealth and consequence, and
it is
from
this that the earls of Linlithgow, in Scotland,
and the Liv-
thence down that stream, forming

the southeast, to
narrow neck of land in

its
ingstons of America, are descended.
Germantown on
northwest.
North
In the reign of David IL (l:S29-70), Sir William Livingston,
and
east are
the towns of Livingston and Gallatin.
The
Kt.,
marrying Christian, daughter and heir
to
name was
suggested from the country-seat of Chancellor

in
Patrick de Callendar, lord of Callendar, in the county of

Sterling,
Livingston, located
this
town, and
has an
apparent
received that barony with her.
His grandson,
French derivation.
John, had, besides his eldest son Alexander, two others,
The
general
are
surface of the
all
town
is
elevated and undulating.
In
Robert, the ancestor of the earls of Newburgh, and William, progenitor of the viscounts of Kil.syth.
the land
is
susceptible of cultivation, but there
Sir Alexan-
some outcropping
ledges, as well as small marshes, form-
der Livingston, of Callendar, was, on the death of James

I.,
ing small waste places.
The only
The
streams
in
the town are
in 1437, appointed
by the estates of the kingdom joint

;
small brooks and rivulets, but these are so distributed that
regent with Crichton during the minority of James II.
they afford, good drainage.
soil
varies
from a sandy
It is usually
he not long
after yielded to the
formidable power of the
loam
to a
composition of clay and gritty sand.

is
young
earl of
Douglas
his property
was confiscated (but
fertile,
and the town
noted for
its
agricultural products.
subsequently restored), and his son brought to the block.
The
hardier varieties of fruit are produced in great abun-
His other son, James, who succeeded his father
in
the
dance.
barony of Callendar, was created Lord Livingston.
He
THE LIVINGSTON
origin from
a
died in 1467.
FA.MILY.is
The
said to derive
lordship of Livingston appears to have been one of
This ancient and distinguished family

its
the most important baronies.

the Scottish
In the
list
of members for
Hungarian gentleman of the name of

the sister of
Parliament for the year 15G0, we find the
Livingins,
who accompanied Margaret,
Edgar
name of
James,
Livingston.
the
William,
* See sketches of Judge R. R. Livingston, Chancellor Livingston,
great-grandson
of
the
above-mentioned
married
Edward
Livingston, and E. P. Livingston, in Chapter XI. of the
and
fourth
Lord
Livingston,
Agnes,
general history, on preoeding pages.
daughter of Sir
Patrick
Hepburn, and from
him
the
278

liis
NEW
YORK.
in
Livingstons of this country are descended, through

Robert,
son
Broeck had a son, Samuel, born

of militia.
Clermont
in 1745,
who
" old
who was
slain at the battle of Pinkifield.
He
was
served in the Revolution, and afterwards became a general
the grandfather or great-grandfather (probably the latter)
He
lived in
the house
known
as the
of John Livingston, the parent of the grant of the

ingston, or
first
American emiwas John Liv-
Ten Broeck
citizen.
place," east of Clermont village,
which was
name
to
America.
as he
This
latter
erected before the Revolution.
He
was a highly-esteemed
in
Mess John,
was
called in the ballads of
His brother Leonard was born

Leonard W.,
a son
1752, and also
those days.
He
was appointed a commissioner, with others

to negotiate
served in the Revolution.
His home was north of the

of the latter, be-
commissioned by Parliament,
for the terms of his
with Charles II.
Tinklepaugh
place.
restoration to the throne.
Being
came an
active politician, was a general of the militia,
and
dissenting minister of
much
ability,
he was persecuted on
his hearers
a sheriff of
Columbia county.
The Ten Broeck property

for the
account of his nonconformity, and
many of
and
was exchanged by that family

place in Livingston,
Walter T. Livingston
1808.
himself took passage for America.
After encountering a
some time
son,
after
great storm in which they were nearly shipwrecked, and which
they could only avert by
fixsting
and prayer, they returned

son
the
The second conveyance manor to his second
of land was
made by
for
the lord of
Robert Livingston, Jr., an

it is said,
again to Scotland, and he was afterwards exiled to Rotter-
attorney at Albany, as a reward,
having
dis-
dam, where
manor.
his son learned the
Dutch language.
Tliis
covered and frustrated a plan of some hostile Indians to
was Robert Livingston, the first proprietor of Livingston He was born at Ancram, in Teviotdale, Roxburgh-
make an
fective
all
incursion on the manor.
The
in
will
which devised
ef-
this property
was executed Feb. 10, 1722, and became

1728.
It
shire, Scotland, Dec. 13. 165-1.
He
was ambitious, shrewd,

illustrating
on the death of the devisor,
bequeathed
acquisitive, sturdy,
and bold, his whole career
that part of the
manor southwest of the Roeloff Jansen

.Jr.,
the motto upon the scroll of his ancestors' coat of arms,
to
the said Robert Livingston,

his
and entailed
it
upon
"Si
je Puis."
in
He
emigrated to America in 1674, and
him and
the
male heirs by the name of Livingston, except
married
called Patroon) Nicholas
1679 Alida, widow of the Reverend (sometimes Van Rensselaer, and daughter of
6000
acres purchased by the crown for the Palatines,
the Dirck We.ssel
Ten Broeck
land, before alluded
to,
and
Philip Pieterre Schuyler.

sponsible
tration,
We
find
him
in
1676
in
re-
the farms in the tenure of Jacob Vosburgh, Cornelia,
widow
located
to
employment
in
at
Albany, under the colonial adminisin
of
Brom Docker, Hendrick
Chissim, John Chissim, Jacob

all
and
1686, established by Governor Dongan
Houghtaling, and Captain Johannes Dyckman,
possession of the territorial
manor of Livingston on the

large
on the lowlands of the Roeloff Jansen, from

Elizaville.
its
mouth
Hudson, acquired by purchase of the Indians, which tracts were all incorporated in Livingston manor.*
These, then, wore settlers at that period, 1722,
as well as twelve or fifteen families,
Palatines,
living in
the western part of the town.
Some time
after his father's
EARLY LAND-OWNERS AND SETTLERS.

The whole of Clermont was included in grants made to Robert Livingston, the first
manor, and was
of the manor.
first
death, Robert Livingston erected a very fine stone mansion
the several
lord of
on his demesne, on the banks of the Hudson, and,

tinguish
it
to dis-
the
from the old manor-house
in the
town of Liv-
settled
by tenants under the conditions
On
the 26th of October, 1694, Livingston
ingston, this house, and the property belonging thereto, were sometimes called the " Lower Manor." In his old
age, Mr. Livingston lived hero with his only son, Robert
conveyed twelve hundred acres of land, south of Roeloff

Jansen's Kill,
sis
hundred acres
east of the village of
R., also an attorney,
and better known
as the judge,
from
latter
Clermont, and the remainder
in that part
of the town lately
his holding that position on the
King's bench.
The
annexed
merchant
Hjlland.
to
Germantown,
to
Dirck Wessol Ten Broeck, a

Janse Shipper,
married the lovely Margaret Beekman, in 1742, and was

the father of the chancellor and othei's of that illustrious
at Albany,
and one of the early immigrants from
The deed
is
for this land states that
branch of the Livingston family, a

appears elsewhere in this book.
fuller
account of which
Janse Agonstran, and Jacob Vosburgh were at that time

residing in what
Both Robert Livingston
now Clermont
dozen years
as the
and these were unflats
and
his son,
the judge, were outspoken adherents of the

lived to witness the independ-
doubtedly the
first settlers.
All of them lived on the

later,
American cause, but neither
along the creek.
Dirck Wes.sol Ten

filled
ence of the struggling colonies.
The former
report of
died
in
June,
Broeck
better
known
mayor, from his having

to 1()9S, a .son
1775, soon after the battle of Bunker Hill, his death being
hastened,
in
it
i.s
that position at
Albany from 1696

to live
of the
supposed, by
tiie
American
less
di.saster
purchaser
came
after
on the land, and died there at the

in
that engagement.
The judge, though

the
sanguine of
than
his
house of his son, Tobias,
1717.
Another
son,
Samuel,
the ultimate result of

father,
impending
conflict
had married Maria Van Rens.selaer and
settled in Claverack,
warmly abetted the
patriots after the

estate,
war had begun,
some time
that
1712.
He became
the ancestor of the
Ten
and erected a powder-mill on his

during the Revolution by his
which was operated

11.
Broecks of that town, as well as of the many persons of
.son,
John
Another son,
name
in
Clermont
at a later period.
After Tobias Ten

sold his interests to
Henry
B.,
was a colonel
in
the Federal army, and was with
Broeck's death, in 1724, his son
John
the gallant General Richard Montgomery, the judge's sonin-law, at the storming of Qiiebi, in
Dirck Wessel Ten Broeck, of Claverack, and removed to
the
fall
of
1775.
New
Jersey, where he became the ancestor of
Ten Broeck,
Soon
after
this battle
the judge also passed
away, thus
household
the celebrated turf-man.
The above Dirck Wesel Ten
leaving a
widowed mother and daughter

afflicted
in that in
which had been thrice

--
by death
1775.
Clarkson'3 ' C'Icrinunt M;inur."
Just before
tlu.s
period, Robert
R., the chancellor,
had

built himself a fine country-seat, a little south
NEW YORK.
279
of the old
home
of Clermont Livingston, a grandson of the chancellor,
home,
in which, at this time, lived his
mother and youngest
and great-grandson of the patriotic Margaret Beekman.

After the war the chancellor erected
a
brother,
Edward.
His
zeal
in
the cause of freedom had
more elegant
little
made him and

British,
ingly,
others arch rebels in the estimation of the
mansion than the British had destroyed, a

the old place, and connected
a
it
.south of
and the objects of summary punishment.

incursion
Accord-
with the maternal
home by
and
:
when General Vaughan made an

in
up the
in
beautiful walk.
Both mansions
are finely situated,
Hudson,
the
fall
of 1777, to afford a diversion
favor
the latter was described by Spafford, in

" Its front on the
it
1812, as follows depth 91

feet,
of the imperiled army of Burgoyne, at Saratoga, he burned
Hudson
is
104
feet,
and
Kingston, the home of several
patriots,
and sent
a detach-
consists of a
main body of two

is
stories
and four pavilions.

a large, elegant
ment of troops
chancellor.
to destroy
Clermont, the
Before landing the troops,
home of the future the commander fired

locust-tree, re-
The
south, or garden front,

offices adjoining.
a green-house, with bathing-
room and
"
Over these
is
a cannon-ball at the house,
which struck a
This tree
is still
breakfasting-room and four bedrooms.
moving
It
several branches.
standing on the
The second
story
is
conveniently divided into rooms,
lawn at Clermont.
is
connected by a long gallery.

a well-chosen library of
One
of the pavilions contains

in various languages.
said that shortly before the advent of the British
4000 volumes
Mrs. Livingston liad hospitably entertained two wounded

ofiRcers
of that army,
who proposed
to
extend their protec-
The north faces a fine hnvn, skirted on one side by a beautiful wood on a bank raised about ten feet, terminating in a
second lawn, from the rear of which springs precipitately a
tion
to the
house and family.
This was refused by the
sturdy molher,
who would
it
rather suffer the loss of the
rocky ridge covered with shrubs,

fording a
fine, rich
trees,
and evergreens,
is
af-
property than have

country.
" Tlie
protected by the enemies of her

sent to the house of a
background.
This
balanced on the
wounded men were

All
opposite side of the lawn by a beautiful avenue of locusttrees,
Tory neighbor, and preparations

the
for the
quick departure of
females
planted irregularly, through which winds the road to
family made.
all
were busy, the

a.ssist
all
of the
the house.
The Hudson
is
seen in broken views through
household
for
tlie
giving a hand to
the general packing
the branches of these trees.
From
is
the front of the house,
removal of clothing and

articles of
in
movable valuables.
;
which
ftices
the river, the view
exten'sive
and highly
pic-
Silver
and other
value were buried in the wood
turesque.
trees
The Hudson
its
is
partially
hidden by clumps of
books were placed

with rubbish
;
the basin of a dry fountain and covered
on
its
banks, and some islands covered with wood add

scenery, while the opposite shore
fields,
is
wagons and carts were piled with baggage
a pleasing variety to
in full
and
for
all
necessary articles required by a large family, both
view, with the adjacent
farms, and forests
immediate use as well as preservation.

JMi-s.
Even
at this
rising like an amphitheatre
toward the Catskill mountains,
hour,
Livingston burst into a liearty laugh at the odd
figure of an old black
woman
perched upon this miscella-
which terminate the view by an altitude of 8000 feet. The elegant display of light and shade occasioned by their
irregularity, their fine blue color, the climbing of the mists
neous assortment of trunks and bundles.
There was not
much
time to spare, for as the
last load
from the house had
disappeared, and
when
the carriages containing the family

hill
had reached the top of the
overlooking the house, they

its
beheld the smoke already arising from
walls.
It
had
up their sides, the intervention of clouds which cap their summits or shroud their slopes only with their occasional reflection from the surface of the Hudson, succeeded by the bursting terrors of their thunder-gusts, all combined
from
this point of view, associate a
been fired
party of
a.s
soon as entered by the Briti.sh soldiers, one

arrived from Rhinebeck, which place
mass of interesting,
pic-
whom had
which
turesque, and sublime objects.

'
they had burned, and another had landed from the British
ship-of-war,
lay a little south of the house."*
The south
front of the house overlooks the pleasure-
L'rounds and a fine, grassy vale in the highest cultivation,

skirted with a flowering shrubbery, with a rich and extensive
After destroying both the mansions at this place, the

British heard of the capitulation of Burgoyne, and did not
background of various
fruit-trees.
proceed farther up the Hudson, but returned to
New
York.
"The
bold and lofty banks of the Hudson, affording a
Madame
refuge
Livingston and her family had meanwhile taken

Mass., just bevond the State line, in a
is still
n-reater variety of forest-trees
than I ever recollect to have
in Salisbury,
seen before in the same area, have given to Jlr. Livingston
stone house, which

lake.
standing there, near a picturesque

forces,
the ready means of forming an elegant walk of near two

miles long under their shade, from which at every step you
Hearing of the retreat of Vaughan's
they
soon returned to their old home, desolated by the ruthless
catch a
new view of the Hudson and the scenery on the

In the style of
nature that
all
it
enemy.
The
following year
Madame
Livingston rebuilt her
opposite side.
these improvements art

is
is
mansion, using the same side walls, which had remained
so blended with
diflicult to
discriminate
On the 19th of November, 177S, she wrote American commandant of this section, asking for the exemption of certain mechanics living in Clermont, who
firmly standing.
to the
their respective beauties.
The
natural features are every-
where preserved, though softened and harmonized by the

happiest effects of art."
were on duty
in the
companies of Captains P. Smith, Ticl
The
cs.sentials
of this place remain the same as described
Rockefeller, and Clum.

ill
She
desired the
men
to assist
is
her
yet
the
sixty-six years ago.
Here the chancellor
lived after his retireto build
rebuilding
her house and barns.

is
This house
It is
ment from public

a steamboat,
life,
and fostered Fulton's project
standing, and
illustrated
on another page.
now
mont."
first
He
which was named after his home, " The Clerwas deeply interested in agriculture, and here
in
employed the use of gypsum
New
York, and
iiitro-
280

States.
NEW
YORK.
now occupied by
farther west than
his grandson,
duced the race of merino sbeep into the United
the post-road, on the place
He
died
March
26, 1813, and was interred in the family
Geo.
W.
Feller.
And
still
those above
vault in Clermont.
named were
Valkenbergh
the Collins, Clum, Lawrence, Meyer, and

families.
Van
The only children of the chancellor married Robert L. and Edward P. Livingston, members of other branches of
the original family.
The system of
life-leases
its
hindered
the advancement of the town, and kept

attaining the prosperity enjoyed in
inhabitants from
These occupied the two mansions in

last visited
1825, when Lafayette
America.
He
was the was
county.
some other parts of the In 1875 the population was nine hundred and
guest of the Livingstons, and was tendered a grand reception on these grounds. "
thirty-seven, eighty-four less than iu 1870.
The lawn
for half a mile
crowded with people, and the waters

and
in
front were whit
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
with vessels' freighted with visitors from the neighboring

counties,
all
The
oflBcers
records
of
the
town,
from
its
list
organization
to
the cups, plates, gloves, and slippers bore
1800, have been
lost,
and a complete
of the early
to the
list
civil
the image or
name of Lafayette."*
and other interesting matter pertaining

therefore, be
town
been
an attorney of
The author above quoted is a son of David A. Clarkson, New York, who married a daughter of EdIn 1858 the
sisters
cannot,
given.
first
Fortunately, a
election
of the
principal officers, from the
to date, has
ward P. Livingston.
of this gentleman
it
procured, and
is
here given.
Suporvisocs.
purchased the Chancellor Livingston property and placed

in
complete repair; and
it is
yet, as in years
gone by, one of

1787-92 I7U3
Town
Clerka.
the most magnificent country-seats on the Hudson.

It has been stated that
settlers
Samuel Ten Brocck.

Cooper. Samuol Ten Broeok. William Wilson. Samuel Ten Broeok. William Wilson.
J.
Martin
some of the Palatines were

these
early
as
171)4-97
of Clermont.
Among
may be mentioned,
1793-99 1800
1301
Scth Curtis.
being there as early as 1715, families bearing the names of
Sagendorph,
Kilmer,
Rockefeller,
Ryfenbergh,
Haver, Minckler,
Lasher.
Kun
(Coon),
Ham, Gardner, and
The
latter settled
south of Germantown, and the numerous per-
sons of that
name
in
the southern part of that county are

brothers,
the descendants of three
Conrad, George, and
John.
The
old stone house erected
by Conrad
in
1752
near the Lutheran church, just across the town

standing, and
is
line, is still
1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1S07 1808 1809 1810 1311 1812
18i:t
" "
"
"
"
"
Thomas Broadhead.
Samuel Ten Broeck. Thomas Broadhead.
" "
" " " Peter

"
" "
" "
J.'
Cooper.
" "
" " Garret Cuck.
"
"
" " "
"
"
Jacob Cooper.
"
now
the
home of E. and
P. G. Lasher.
The other
in
brothers built houses near by, which have been
removed, the three forming a triangle.
They had
a well
common, which
yet remains, as well as an old pear-tree,
said to have been planted
by Conrad more than one hun-
dred and twenty-five years ago.
The Coon
family lived on
the neck of Clermont, east of Elizaville.
In 1790 there
were, besides those already mentioned, living in the town,

iu
the northwestern part, families named
Proper, Gysel-
bergh, Gardner, Peter Herder, J. Canroe, Loveman, and

J.
Minckler
in
the vicinity of and at Clermont village,
P. Ham, M. Cooper, H. Best, the Ten Broecks, Dr. Thomas Broadhead, and Dr. Wm. Wilson. The latter
came
cellor
in
1784 from Scotland
at the solicitation of
ChanDr.
Livingston, whose family physician

as a first
he was.
Wilson suecoedad Peter Van Ness

county.
judge of the
He
died in 1828.
son,
Wm.
H. Wilson,
now
eighty-eight years old, occupies the homestead.
The
latter
engaged
in
the
War
of 1812
in the
as hospital surgeon,
and was appointed surgeon

close of the war,
this place lived
regular
army before the
when but twenty-two years old. South of the Rev, Mr. Romeyn, Ira Gale, Andries
Jan Ham, James
and from the post-road west, toward
J.
A. Bortel,
J. Mickler, P. D. Rockefeller,
;
Haines, and H. Blass

the
I.
1814 1315 1816 1817 1318 1819 1820 1821 1822 1323 1824 1825 1326 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1341 1842 1843 1344 1845 1346 1347 1848 1349 1850
1851
" " " Thomas Broadhead.

" "
Garret Cuck.
"
" "
"
"
"
Thomas Broadhead.
"
" "
"
"
"
" "
S. Cross.
Robert L. LivingstoD.
John T. Broadhead.
" "
" "
John
Thomas Broadhead.
Jacob Lynk.
Jacob Cooper.
"
Wm.
"
"
H. Wilson.
"
"
"
Jacob Lynk.
"
"
"
"
Jr.
Henry H.
" "
Feller.
John Sanders,
" "
I.
John
"
Potts.
Feller.
Jonas Uinegar. James 0. Broahead.

Ale.\andcr Potts.
Henry U.
"
"
Jeremiah Proper.
John
" " I. Traver. " Peter Robinson. "
Robert Clow. Alexander Potts.

Ptter Fingar. Peter Potts.
Seymour Smith.
" "
"
(Jeorge
"
W. King.
George W. King. Alexander Polts.

'
P. H. Knickerbaoker. "
Uriah
Feller.
Andrew Sagendorph.
Jacob H. Moore.
Hudson, A. Minckler,
Fingar, N. and
Minkler, Philip H. Clum,
W.
A. Sagendorph, John Cooper, G.
Dcnninger, H. Coon, M. Smith, and Peter Feller.

latter
The
lived on the place at present occupied by the family

Feller, a grandson.
1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857

1358.
Peter Potts.
"
David Coon.
Henry
L. Rockefeller.
Thomas Broadhead.
" Philip H. Potls.
"
Jacob H. Moore.
" " Philip H. Potts. " "
of Uriah
Jacob Feller lived
east of
Robert Coon. Jacob Elkenbergh.

" " Levi Le Roy. " "
Albert Potts.
Clarkson's "Clermont."
1859 1360 1S6I 1S62
Robert Washburn. " " " "
NEW
YORK.
281
282

as the " straw mill." It
NEW YORK.
LUKE
S
known
was owned by the Living-
THE
The
ST.
EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF CLERMONT

2,
ston family, and was operated l>y various parties,
who im-
was organized July
1859, under the general act of 1854.
proved the mill and added a saw-mill.
While Peter Rob-
trustees chosen
were
W. H.
Wilson, Peter R.
Liv-
inson controlled the property he also operated a fulling-mill
ingston, Robert Dibblee, Walter Livingston, Harold Wilson,
In and carding-niachines, transacting a heavy business. 1848, William Elkenbergh erected a new grist-mill, having
four runs of stone, which in time became the property of
Henry De Koven, and Robert H. Dibblee. In the fall of 1859 a very neat little house
was erected
tian chapel,
in the village of
of worship
Clermont, adjoining the Chris-
Mrs. Clarkson.
this point
In the
fall
of 1869 every improvement at

a freshet,
which was consecrated on the 18th of October

It
it
was swept away by
which completely
of that year, by Bishop Potter.

sons, and, with the lot on
has sittings for 150 peris
diverted the channel of the stream and greatly impaired
which
stands,
valued at S3500.
the future use of the power.
A
Clermont has a record
small cemetery
is
also
connected with the church.

the
first
In matters pertaining
to education,
The Rev. Henry De Koven became

parish, continuing until 1860.
tors
rector of the
of the
Since that period the rec:
ESTABLISHMENT OF A SCHOOL
which antedated the school system of the
authorized by a special act passed
in
and ministers of the church have been

;
1860, the Rev.

;
State.
It
was
J.
W. Moore
1861-64, the Rev. J.
S. Clarke
1865, the
1791, and was the

after.
Rev. S. S. Dearborn; 1866-67, the Rev. E. Weil; 1868-74,

the Rev.
is
germ of the common
schools
which followed soon
W.
S.
Rowe
1874, the Rev. M. E. Wilson,

is
who
of a
These were under the supervision of

Cooper, and Nathan Collins,
in
Wm.
Wilson, John
Dr.
the present rector, and
also the superintendent
1800
and
later.
Thomas
ac-
Sunday-school, organized in 1860.
The church has 20
Broadhead and the Rev. Augustus Wackerhagen were
members, and the congregation numbers about 100.
tive promoters of education in the town. In 1833 a part of the " Christian chapel" was used for a select school by
A
in
very comfortable parsonage was erected by the parish

lot
1867, on a large
of ground in the northeastern
part
Dr. Wackerhagen, which became an incorporated academy April 26, 1834, and was received under the regents Feb.
26, 1837.
of the hamlet.
It is reported
worth SI 000.
After several years of most successful operation,
THE CLARKSON EPISCOPAL CHAPEL,

in the western part of the town,
the academy passed under the principalship of
Ephmim
it
was erected about 1860,
Hudson,
school.
also a very successful educator.
But
was
at
through the munificence of Mrs. L. Clarkson, who also

supports the service of the church, from the parish of
length suffered to go down, and finally became a public
The building
is
yet employed for this purpose.
Hook,
as a preaching station of that point.
Red The chapel
does not have a regular organization.
RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
It is
In the northwestern part of the town, just across the

line, is
probable that the Rev. Freeborn Garretson held
the
Germantown Lutheran church, whose parsonage

in
occasional
Methodist services in the town at the time he

this section
and cemeteries are
the town of Clermont.
history of
was presiding elder of
of the country.
But
that church and the St. John's Lutheran church in Livingston will contain a large portion of the religious interest of
the proximity of the Lutheran and Reformed churches, in
Livingston and Germantown, prevented the formation of a
Clermont.
new
fifty
religious society in Clermont, from
that period until
years later.
In 1829 the Methodists sent the Rev.

to labor in
CLER3I0NT GRANGE, NO. 398, PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY,

was instituted June 30, 1876, with eighteen charter members.
John B. Mathias
out
effect, as
Clermont, but evidently withlater.
no successor followed until nine years
Seth Lasher was elected the
first
Master, and
M.
first
In 1833, measures were instituted by some of the citizens

of the town to erect a house of worship which should
ford rooms, also, for academic purposes.
solicited,
af-
Fingar, Secretary of the grange, which has from the
been very prosperous.
It
now numbers
forty-two members,
Subscriptions were
comprising some of the leading
men
of the town.
The
by
and with the funds thus secured

IN CLER.MONT
build-
meetings are held
in
the village of Clermont, in a building a co-operative store,
THE FIRST CHRISTIAN CHAPEL

was erected
in
which contains,
individual
12,
also,
conducted
1833.
It
in
is
roomy two-story frame

sects,
members of the grange. It was opened April 1878, and is in charge of M. Fingar as managing
ing, centrally located
the village of Clermont, and was

all
agent.
designed "for the use of
and
to
be free for any
man of good moral character who may wish to preach the gospel." The property was at first controlled by "The
First Christian Society of Clermont," formed Feb. 28, 1834,
THE GERMANTOWN
was organized
in
AND CLER.MONT FIRE INSrjRANCE

CO.MPANY
for its firet
June, 1868, and had
directors
and
h.-id
for
its
first
board of trustees Jacob A. Turk,

Kiting, and Richard Peary.
religious services have been held
David Moore, Andrew Sagendorph, Chester Snyder, Nicholas

Dick,
(.iilbert
Henry I. Shyfer, John J. From that time to this
Rockefeller, Jacob
H. Moore, and Peter P.

first
Fraleigh.
Uriah Feller was elected the
president of
in this house by the pastoi-s of the neighboring churches
the company, and Valentine Fingar secretary.
The company
and others, without, however,

tion,
effecting a special organiza-
has sustained losses amounting to S5400, and at present

carries risks aggregating
except
in
the case of the Episcopalians.
After ser-
210,450.
Its affairs are at pres:
vices had been held in the chapel twenty-five years, by the clergy of the Red Hook and other parishes,
ent in charge of the following board of directors
Alexander
;
W.
Hover, president
Peter P. Fraleigh, secretary
Ches-
"

ter Snyder,
feller,
283
Jacob P. Feller, John H. Hover, Gilbert RockeJacob H. Moore, Herman Gardner, and George W.
place.
Alexander Coon was the
first
landlord,
and kept a
Sliirtts,
famous house.
Wm.
Hurd, Abrara Potts, Joseph
Feller.
Horatio Plank, and
Reuben Van De Bogart have
since
hall is
Besides those already named, H. L. Rockefeller, David
kept this house, the latter since 1871,.

in
Masonic
Moore, Josiah Kniskern, and Peter P. Fraleigh have been

presidents of the company, and
one of the upper stories of the hotel.
W.
L. Fraleigh secretary.
In 1800, Samuel Ten Broeck, M. Livingston, and Wm. Wilson were excise commissioners of the town, and granted
licenses to keep public-houses to George J. Best, Ira Gale, Jacob Salspaugh, Bernard Creamer, Maria Whitman, John
CLERMONT.
On
It
is
the post-road, twelve miles south from Hudson, and
Cooper,
John Moore, and Philip D.

of Clermont.
Rockefeller, living in
last
six east
from Germuntown,
is
the only village in the town.
diff"erent parts
Near the
stand a farmopened
located on a rich and beautiful tract of land, and was
house now occupied by Allen Coon

a store and tavern in 1834,
J.
W. Coon
formerly a place of greater importance than at present,

the railroads having diverted the trade
points.
it
which has been carried on since

one of the three
estab-
enjoyed
to other
It
now
contains three stores, an Episcopal church,
1859 by W. L. Fraleigh. The Clermont post-office

lished in the county,
is
first
four or five good mechanic shops, a large hotel, and has
July 31, 1792, and had Wm. WilHe

was succeeded,
in
about two hundred inhabitants.
Before the Revolution,
son for
its first
postmaster.
1820, by
Dcrick Jansen lived at this place, near the residence of
Wm.
H. Wilson, and kept a

in his
store in one of the two houses

in the place,
H. Wilson, who held the appointment until 1852. Since then the postmasters have been Levi Le Roy, Horatio
Plank, Joseph Shirtts, and Martin Williams since 1862.
Wm.
then standing there.
Jansen remained
but be-
came much reduced
circumstances.
Major Grier
The
It
office
is
has a daily mail from Hudson.
and Patrick Collins were afterwards engaged in trade in the same locality. About 1800, Dr. Wm. Wilson erected the
store-house at present in use in this part of the
vill.ige, in
said that a Dr.
Thompson was
the
first
physician in
town, living here at an early day.
In
1784, Dr.
Wm.
Wilson located here permanently, and remained
in active
which Elisha Miner opened
a store.
Having gone
to
New
York
to
purchase goods he contractad the yellow fever, from

died.
many years. He died Thomas Broadhead was also a

practice
in
1828.
Before 1790, Dr.
resident physician, and was

in
which he
Cyrus Capron succeeded xs

B:inesteel
a merchant,
one of the ablest
practitionei-s
in
the
county.
short
and was followed by

twenty years.
&
is
Bioadhead, A. Wacker-
time before his death,
1830, his son, John, also a very

him, and shortly after
hagen, and later by Levi
Roy, who remained about

at present here in trade.
able physician, was associated with
George D. Folaiid
Dr. Peter
Van Buren
followed in this practice, he having
In the central part of the village Edward P. Livingston, at

that time the proprietor of Clermont, erected a store-house,
been a son-in-law of Dr. Broadhead.

in practice at Clermont,
A Dr.
Robert Clough,
met with an accidental death from

is
which has had numerous occupants.
For the past twentyin trade.
the use of poison.
Dr. Philip H. Knickerbocker
well
two years Martin Williams has here been

spring of 1878.
The
remembered
Dr.
as a
worthy physician, as well as his successor,

Dr.
co-operative store, on the opposite corner, was opened in the
Broadhead.
corner was an old-time inn, built in the
Thomas Broadhead, a grandson of old For many years Dr. Rensselaer

an attorney, Cornelius P.
Elisha
Thomas
Platner has
On
the
Wibon
ably represented the profession in Clermont.
long rambling way peculiar to the taverns of that day,

before the Revolution,
after 1808.
As
Van Ness was
here a short
in
which Ira Gale was a keeper
time, and
Holley at a later period.

lawyer
Wesley R.
and Eraslaw having at
The house
street,
stood until after
1825
but
its
use-
Gallup was the

tus
last resident
in the village,
fulness farther
had been superseded by another tavern, erected
Coon
in the eastern part of the town, the
down the
by Cyrus Capron, who kept a store
present no representative in Clermont.
in part of the building.
Other landlords were Peter and
Elias Smith, Charles King,
and
Wm.
a
McGill.
The
old
THE MILITARY
war
Union,
LIST,
late civil
house was removed in 1852, and the present spacious hotel

erected by Captain Eliakim Littell,
native of the south,
in this
embracing the names of those who took part in the

in defense of the
may
be found at the close of
who was accustomed
to
spend several months a year
the town histories.
CHATHAM.
This
acres.
is
the
lan^t town
in
the county, havinpc an
.irea
treat with the royal commissioners to secure to

titles
lie
settlers
of thirty-one thousand seven hundred and three square

It
for their
homes.
Among
the signers appear the
was erected from
Canaan and Kinderhook,
names of Joseph Hall, Sylvanus Hudson, Jacob Brockway,

Stephen
Finch,
March
17, 1795, with bounds which have been reduced
Benjamin
North, John
Roberts,
Peter
Finch,
to the present limits

terlitz in
lar,
by the formation of Ghent and Ausgeneral shape of the town

is
Goose, David Reynolds, Richard Hudson, Solomon
1818.
The
rectangu-
Philip Philips, Seth Tubbs, Nathan Huntley, Joseph Pitts,
having
its lenfrth
from north to south.
It is
bounded
Gilcox Sharp, V. V.
00 the north by Rensselaer county, and partakes in that

part of the characteristics of that county.
Daniel Webster, David Root, Lawrence
Van Valkenburgh, David Pingley, Van Valkenburgh,
considerably elevated and undulating.
The surface is The eastern part
Jacobie
Van Valkenburgh, Caleb Knight, Christopher Peak,
Jesse Gould, Joseph English, Jabez Henry, Asahel Sal-
has a mountainous aspect, but westward the country becomes
mon, Reuben Burlingame, Joseph Howard, Joel Reynolds,
more
level,
with occasional ridges of slaty rock extending
north and south, having broad intervals of surpassing richness and beauty.
there
is
Nearly the entire surface

waste laud in the town.
is tillable,
and
but
soil
little
The
gravel.
is
a loam, or a mixture of loam and clay, or

are
Along Kinderhook creek

fertile.
some
alluvial flats
which are extremely

staple crop,
All the soils are rich and
Thomas Brown, Obadiah Wilbor, Abram Van Alstyne, Peter J. Vosburgh, David Reynolds, James Brockway, Ezekiel Thomas, John Graves, Martin Smith, and Joseph Knapp. These were also among the early settlers, and many of their descendants yet remain in town. It is probable that James Savage was selected to bear this petition to the court of St. James but the events of the
;
produce abundantly the
cereals, especially rye.
Grass
is
Revolution, which so quickly followed, prevented attention

to the matter,
after,
and potatoes are extensively cultivated.

the surface of the town secures exprincipal stream,
and
relief
was not afforded
until
many
years
is
The conformation of
cellent drainage.
when the
Legislature of the State passed what

the " Canaan Act,"
Kinderhook creek, the

little
generally called
titles
under which
many
enters the town from the north, a
east of the centre,
were secured.
already stated, the
first settlers
and has a southwesterly

its
coui-se,
passing into Kinderhook
As
had
there
were Hollanders
who
south of the centre of the western line of Chatham.

course
it
In
first
taken up their abode in Kinderhook, and from

to points farther
takes the waters of
numerous brooks and

latter
came
up the
creek, passing through

rich alluvial
Steeny and Kline Kill creeks.

western boundary of the town.
the east to the south line at
The
forms the south-
that town soon after 1700.
The
lands and
Steeny creek flows from

village,
Chatham
It
thence takes
an abrupt northwesterly course.
has a deep channel,

mill-seats,
it
Chatham offered them inviting homes, and many of the younger members of the old Kinderiiook families came eagerly hither.
Indian
fields
along the water courses of
with rocky banks and bed, affording
many
which
Among
burghs,
have been well improved.

stream
west,
is
For
its
volume
lake,
is
the best
Burens, Sons,
in
the county.
Kinderhook
in
the north-
Van Alens, Van Hoesens, Van Van Ness, Van Alstynes, Mesicks, Vosand Van Valkenburghs. Of the latter family there
others were the
partly in
Chatham.
Many
springs abound, and in
were four brothers,

Solomon.
at
James,
Bartholomew, Lawrence, and
the eastern part, in the neighborhood of

several possessing mineral properties.
New
Concord, are
One
of the sons of James, John J., yet resides
Chatham
Centre, aged ninety-six years.

is
He
lives
near
LAND TITLES AND SETTLERS.

The
western part of the town was covered by the great
the spot where he was born, and

living ex-assembiyman in the State.
said to be the oldest
brother resides at
Plymouth, Indiana, who

old.
is
more than one hundred years

settlers
first settled
Kinderhook and other patents of that town, and was the portion. Eastward were the domains of Patroon
Rensselaer, but no special efforts were
During the Revolution the
along Kinderhook
creek were
much
distressed
by the incursions of roving

allies.
Van
made
it
to define
bands of Tories and their Indian

casion
On
one such ocat
his claims to the soil until
many had
possessed
by virtue
Abraham Van Ness was

a later period than
brutally
murdered
his
of sovereign or " squatter' rights.
controversy in re-
father's door.
gard to the
results.
titles
ensued without reaching any satisfactory

III.
At
the settlements in the western
His Majesty King George

recognize
was
finally peti-
part were those in the south and the east of the town,
made
tioned to
the claims
of the settlers
peacefully and unhindered settled upon these
who had lands. The
by immigrants from Dutchess county and the

States.
New England
members
'
Many
of those in the latter section were
memorial was dated
May
15,
1774, and prayed for the
of the Society of Friends, whose relations with the natives

here, as elsewhere, were of the most amicable nature.
related of one of
It
is
appointment of Elijah
Hudson, Joseph Wood, Samuel Wheeler, Barnet Dwyer, and Isaac Mills as attorneys to
them named Wilbor that he exercised
284

great influence over the natives, and was frequently consulted
NEW
YORK.
285
by them.
His
services were especially sought after
to divide the presents
and whisky which the Indians
re-
ceived from the fur-traders, and his decisions were always
deemed
satisfactory.
After 1750 the settlement of the town was very rapid,
and embraced hundreds whose names appear

of the villages and
tion
in
in the sketches
the
civil list.
In 1875 the popula-
was four thousand four hundred and ninety.

CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
The
and
original
town of Chatham was erected
in
pursuance
of an act passed March 17, 1795, which provided that from

after the first
Monday of
April, certain parts of the
towns of Canaan and Kinderhook should constitute a new

town, " whose
first
meeting shall be held at the house of
Ebenezer Crocker."
The
officers elected
were
Supervisor,
;
James Savage
Peter
sea
Town
Clerk,
James Palmer
Assessors,
Van
;
Alstyne, Martin
Collectors,
Krum, William Gardner, Ho;
Bebee
Ichabod Lester, David Bebee

;
Con-
Noah Westover, James Lockwood Poormaster, Abraham Hogeboom Fence-viewers, William Chamberlain, Seth Rowland, Rowland Gifford, Alexander Webster,
stables,
;
Robert Gardner,
William Davenport
Commissioners of
;
Highways, Jason Lester, Daniel Smith, Jared Pratt

sus Takers, Peter
Cen-
Van
Alstyne, William G-ardner.
These reported, Oct. 12, 1795, that there were two hundred and ninety-nine electors in town of the value of one
hundred pounds
nineteen of the value of twenty pounds

shillings
;
and sixty-two of the value of forty and eighty voters

in
all.
three hundred
The second annual meeting was

er's
held at Ebenezer Crock-
house, April 5, 1796, in the presence of Esquire
Adam
Van
Ness, Hosea Bebee, Samuel Wilbor, Jr., and Stephen
Minton.
The
principal officers then elected,

:
and from that
period to the present, have been as follows

Snpei
Town
Peter
Clerks.
Collectors.
Levi Stone.
Van
Alstyne.
Samuel Hudson. Duvid Beebe.

Michuel Durham.
17a8. Peter
Vun
Alstyii
Anson
Pratt.
"
1799. 1800. 1801.
Aaron Cady. Peter B. Viin Slyck. Abner Bcckwith.

"
'
1802. 1803.
1804. 1805.
Mathew Dorr. James Brebner.

Matthew Dorr.
Samuel Drake.
Abel Eaton. ** "
1806.
1807. 1808. 1809.
1810.
James Welch. Timothy Oakley.

Timothy Oakley.
Peter Van Alstyne. Thomas Hoag.
*'
" "
Ezra Dorr.
"
Allen Bullis.
1811.
1812.
1813.
1814.
Calvin Pardee.
A. F. Hayden.
Samuel Wilbor.
Mathew
Beale.
1815. Aug. F. Hayden. 1816. 1817.
John Powers. Job Northup. Winthrop Phelps.
Edmund
John
Page.
T. Johnson.
Robert Tompkins.
Jabish
S.
Finch. Page.
Anson
Pratt.
Edmund
Hoze Hulbe'rt. Winthrop Phelps. Reuben Van Alen.
1318. Peter
Van
Alstyne.
1819.
1820.
Ezra Rowland. Ebenezer Bassett.

Peter Becker
286
NEW
YORK.
1808

Gamier. 5
;
NEW YORK.
THE CHATHAM CENTRE CEJIETERT
287
Eleazer Davis, 6
;
Daniel Benjatnin, 6
;
Gilbert
is
Van
10;
Allen, 10
A.
J.
Van Alstyne, 19
;
Elkanah Briggs,
;
located on the public highway, half a mile north from
Samuel Drake, 5
;
Jacob Van Hoesen, 8

;
Edward
;
that hamlet.
The
association
which formed and now oon-
Upton, 7
Peter Pulver, 5
Simms, 8
Coffin, 9
;
John Walker, 7
Nathaniel Gillet,
John R. Bullis, 6 Timothy Babcock,
Robert
;
trob this ground

persons,
vas
organized Jan. 8, 1859, with fourteen
Uriah
who
chose as trustees Jacob Tobias, Daniel Harris,
6.
Barton
Huested, Jr., Elihu Clark, Jesse Crandell, and
" Spafford's Gazetteer," of
1813, thus speaks of the roads
William Van Alstyne.
Four acres of ground were pur-
of that time
"
The
roads are rather too numerous to be
chased and improved in a very fine manner.

contains
good, although improving very fast since the introduction
some handsome monuments.

for
John
The cemetery J. Van Val-
of turnpikes, of which there are three or more in this

town."
kenburgh was
tion.
many
is
years the president of the associa-
The turnpikes
in
referred to were at that time

in town.
and
That position
now
filled
by Jesse Crandell.
are yet the principal

particularly noted
highways
They
will
be more
the general history of the county.

is
THE NORTH CHATHAM CEMETERY

the oldest cemetery in town controlled by an association
All are at present used as public highways, and are generally in
good condition.
The streams of
the town are
all
formed under the rural cemetery laws. was effected March

6,
The
organization
spanned by substantial bridges, whose aggregate cost has

been forty-six thousand dollars, and from twenty to forty
dollars per lineal foot. at present seventy-nine
1852, with eighteen incorporators.
The
first
trustees
were Henry Wiederwax, Henry Hiel,
There arc
Cornelius Coon, George L. Rowe, 0. J. Peck, Peter Pack-
road
districts.
is
man, John Wiley, Henry N. Smith, and John Schermerhorn.

comprehensive, and
The railway system of the town

the different lines.
Bradley Nichols
secretary.
is
the present president, and Aaron Traver
affords the best shipping facilities at the five stations on
The Boston and Albany
railroad enters
The grounds
are located east of the village,
and contain
the town near the centre of the eastern line, and passes to
about two acres.
The improvements
give the cemetery a
the southern bounds at
Chatham
village,
thence northwest
neat and attractive appearance.
to near the centre of the western line,
having eleven miles

rail-
of double-track
in
Chatham.
The Harlem Extension

village,
THE NEW CONCORD CEMETERY

was enlarged from an old burying-ground
area,
to
its
road was completed through the town in 1869.

course
is
Its general
present
northeast from
Chatham
having nearly ten
about
two
acres.
The
location
is
pleasant
and
miles of single track in town and stations at

Rayville.
Chatham and
favorable, on a high tract of ground, north from the hamlet.
The
association was formed Oct. 25, 1866, with C. L. Ford,

ivejoy, Ira
THE CEMETERIES
of Chatham have received considerable attention the past
H. H. L
Smith, H. S. Pratt, J. D. Clark, and
0. B. Allen, as trustees.
The
present officers are
Henry W. King,
president,
and
twenty years, and the town now boasts several very

grounds^ sacred to loved ones gone before.
is
fine
Daniel S. Doty, secretary.
One of the
finest
At
Rayville
is
a well-kept burying-ground,
near the
Friends' meeting-house, and at the old Methodist meeting-
THE CHATHAM VILLAGE RURAL CEJIETERY.

The
grounds are located within the corporation limits, on
an elevation overlooking the village and surrounding country.
house, ac
the town.
White
Mills, is
one of the oldest grave-yards in
THE MANnPACTCTRING INTERESTS OP CHATHAM

have attained great prominence, especially
of paper.
in the
They have been
tastily
improved with drives and graveled
production
list
walks, and adorned with evergreens and other trees,
making
For many years the town headed the
in this
the cemetery an attractive spot, and one well fitted to woo the mind to solemn thoughts.
industry, and yet has a greater
number of
mills than
any
other town in the county.
The power
all
afforded by Steeny
The cemetery
Elijah
is
controlled
by an association organized
on the 21st day of October, 1856.
The
and other creeks has been
well utilized,
and the cheerful
first
trustees were
M. Thomas, Thomas
hum
of machinery
is
heard
along these streams.

it
F. Mesick, Ebenezer Backus,
Peter Rcasoner, Horatio N. Wight,
Edward G. Robinson,
From
the census of 1810
appears that the town at
that time pos.sessed twelve grain-mills, eight saw-mills, four

fulling-mills,
James F, Shufelt, John D. Shufelt, and Staats D. Tompkins. The present officers are President, J. Wesley Jones Secretary,. William Ashley, Jr. and Treasurer, James E.
;
and three carding-machines.
There were
also
one hundred and thirty-eight looms

seventy-three
linen per year.
in families,
producing
thousand yards of fulled cloth and brown
Travcr.
THE CHATHAM
Chatham and Maiden
controlling body
is
UNIO.N
CEMETERY
substantial improve-
Among
the
first
improvements
is
for
manufacturing were
embraces about six acres situated nearly midway between

bridge.
on the small creek, which

"
the outlet of the lake in the
Some
southern part of the town, and were widely known as the
ments have been made, and others are contemplated.

with the following trustees
P. F. Cady, George
Lippitt,
The
White
Mills."
They were operated by Rufus Clark and

flour
for
an association organized Dec. 30, 1858,

:
others,
and furnished
the
settlers
many
miles
Huested,
around.
The
locality
became a business
to
point,
and hither
Samuel Wiibor, Waterman

and Jonathan B. Rider,
Jr.
Sherman Van Ness,
came Joseph
W. Watson
begin
the
manufacture of
in-
cotton-wadding.
This, in time,
became the absorbing
288

and about 1830 the
grist-mill
terest,
was
also converted
a good sixty-eight-inch machine and two engines.

operated by L. A. Tyler.
It
is
into
a wadding-factory
in this
improvements
by George Humphrey. Further direction were made by Francis H.

proprietor, J.
scale,
The
named,
giving
' J.
is
H. Garner
to
mill,"
on the Steeny, above the
last
Rathbone and the present
W. Smith.
The
supplied with a large machine and two engines,

it
works are constructed on a large
comprising several
enabling
it
produce an excellent quality of paper, and

the old " Davis mill," having a
extensive buildings, operated by steam and water-power.
a large capacity.
is
At Chatham Centre
grist-mills
were operated at an early
Just above the village

fair
day by Colonel Van Alstyne, on the west side of Kinderhook creek, and by James Brebner on the opposite side.
village is the extensive mill belonging to the " Mesick Paper Company." The buildings
capacity
and
at
Chatham
The
natural
fall
at this point is not
good nor favorable
for
are substantial, and supplied with machinery which gives
improvement, and both mills have long ago been removed. Farther up the stream a grist-mill was erected by two
the mill a capacity of four tons of heavy paper a day.
An
also
extra quality of light paper with a waterproof finish
is
Quakers
in
the early settlement of the town.
This spot
Alstyne,
manufactured.
Employment
is
given
to eighteen
men.
has since been occupied by mills owned by

Kessler, Bullis, Sweet, and others.
Van
at
Just above this power was formerly a large
grist-mill,
by
The power
grist-mills,
Maiden
latter
Joseph R. Coleman, which was subsequently used

tillery,
as a dis-
Bridge was
improved
in
for
;
saw and
the
but
is
now
idle.
being demolished
a freshet in 1869.
1845
the former was swept away by

Rider's mills were also
A mile below the village, on

bia paper-mill," erected by J.
Steeny creek,
is
the " Colum-
The same year
W. Smith &
Son.
Spacious
This place was improved for milling purposes The mills were long known as soon after the Rjvolution. Mosher's, but had been in the Rider family many years
swept away.
previous to their destruction.
buildings occupy the
site,
and much money has been exproduce paper from wood and
pended
in experiments to
other fibrous material, but without success, and the mill
stands unused.
At North Chatham a grist-mill was erected by a man named Vail, which was subsequently operated by Walker,
Root, and others, and was destroyed by
fire
Below
lished in
this mill
is
the
'
M. M. Tompkins
mill," estab-
1856 by Staats D. Tompkins.

three
It has a fortyit
in
1868.
eight-inch machine and three engines, capacitating
to
woolen-factory at this place has also been abandoned.
produce
thousand four
hundred pounds of straw

are employed.
At Chatham a
pioneer
mill
was erected by Stephen
wrapping-paper per day.
Nine men
is
Wilbor, which was afterwards
owned and operated by

fire
Farther down the stream
the " Eagle Mill," erected
Jedediah Brockway and others, and was destroyed by

in
1875.
The
saw-mill at this point was built in 1827,

in
many years ago, and operated by S. D. Tompkins and others. The present proprietors are Adams & Haner. The mill
has one sixty-eight-inch machine, three three-hundred-pound
engines, employs fourteen
and the foundry

it
1837, by Joel Page.
has been operated by Philip Hurlbut
For many years & Son, making
men, and has a capacity of
five
plows and farm machinery.
thousand pounds of straw wrapping per day.
The
mills at East
Bebee, and then by Anson Pratt.
Chatham were first owned by Hosea They have been rebuilt,
Below Chatham Centre, on the Steeny,

Brothers' mill."
Bullis
It
is
the " Bullis
was erected
in
1853, by Tompkins,
and are
still
operated by the latter's sons, and enjoy an
&
Wilson, and has two forty-eight-inch machines,
excellent reputation.
and four thirty-six-inch engines.

paper, in
site
The
capacity
is five
tons
The manufacture of
in a snull building,
Chatham, was
first
begun
was
of heavy paper per day.
It is a first-class establishment.
on the
of Morris
Wilder.
as
&
Boice's present
grist-mill
The Maiden Bridge

by Hanna
paper-mills were established in 1845,
mill,
about 1828, by Dickey

into
&
A
a
&
Peaselee, and since
1859 have been

There
is
solely
owned
fall,
converted
what was known
hand paper-mill.
and operated by Horace Peaselee.
a substantial
About 1834, Wright & Hamilton introduced the first maThe present mill has been supplied with modern machinery, and enjoys
chinery to facilitate the manufacture of paper.
a good reputation.
dam
acro.ss
the Kinderhook, afibrding a fourteen-foot
and a constant power.
The
mill comprises a
main building
feet,
of brick, three stories high, thirty-eight by sixty-eight
with large wings, machine, bleaching and linter rooms.

as the Clark mills there
It
At what was known

factory,
was formerly
is
a very complete establishment, having two forty-eight-inch

six
a grist-mill, afterwards a carding-inacliiiie, then a satinets
machines and
large
engines.
The product
year,
is
is
nine
is
and
later
a cotton-wadding factory,
by H.
&
E.
hundred tons of straw wrapping-paper per

noted for
its
and
Backus.
paper-mill took the place of the latter, where,

first
excellence.
Cardboard
also
manufactured,
about 1840, was used the
stcara-dryer in these parts.
and the mill has been run on other kinds of paper.

ployment
is
Em-
By
its
use the capacity of the mill was increased tenfold.
given to forty men.
These mills have been discontinued.
In this locality a tannery was formerly carried on by

established a mill
Above
Gilberts,
this
point
Plato B.
Moore
John W.
Pitt.s,
and a furniture-factory by a man named

also
about 1840, which in time became the property of the
Holmes, which has
been discontinued.
and
as such
was widely known.
The
mill
is
sup-
the manufacture of wooden
pumps
wa.s
begun
About 1840 at Maiden
plied with one fifty-inch
machine and one thirty-six-inch
Bridge, by Parsons Thayer, and for the past thirteen years
engine, giving
it
a capacity of several hundred tons per year.
has been carried on by Robert Hoes.
The
factory occupies
J. T. Shufelt proprietor.
a shop twenty by sixty feet, and employs seven
men
in
the
On
the site of the old Stewart grist-mill
this section
was
pioneer in
yearly
production of five hundred
pumps of
the Thayer
erected the "
Payne Paper-Mill," having
pattern.
Photo, by J.
a Allls, Chttthsm, N. Y.
JAMES
Dr. Shufelt
county,
is
T.
SHUFELT, M
D.
a native of Claverack, Columbia
Mesick, of Mellenville, Columbia county, and gr.iduated in 1839 at the Berkshire Medical College of
Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
New
Yorit.
He
is
a. son of Jolin P.
and
Maria (Harder) Shufelt, of Holland descent, and

was born on the
first
In
the winter
of 1840
day of January, 1818.
He
most
he
he
commenced
the practice of his profession in Chntplace
was brought up on
of his boyhood
in
his father's farm,
and
si)cnt
ham
village, at wiiich
he has continued
in
attending
sciiool.
In
18-"36
uninterrupted and successful practice ever since.

is
He
began the study of medicine with Dr. Richard H.
hijrhlv esteenie<l.

The
in
NEW
YORK.
289
"
Chatham
Village Smelting Furnace" was erected
house, occupying the site of Palmer's store.
Eleazer Davis
1873, by Beckley
& Adams.
The
It
was operated a year,

produce
was
also
an innkeeper.
Besides the half-dozen stores, the
but has since

well arranged
lain idle.
;
buildings are substantial, and

to
village
contains two taverns, two churches, a good school-
and the furnace was of capacity
house, and a fair supply of mechanic shops.
ten tons of pig-iron per day.
The Chatham
E.
village
foundry and machine works were

is
RAYVILLE
a hamlet of a dozen houses, in the northeastern part of
established in 1840, and are at present operated by George
Drumm &
is
Co.
Considerable general work
is
done
etc.,
in
the town, a mile from Rayvillc station, on the E.Ktcnsion

railroad.
the production of farm machinery, mill castings,
and
In early times
it
had an
active business, but
is
a specialty
made
in the
manufacture of the Reversible
Plow No.
popularity.
13,
an
now simply
settlers
a country trading-point.
Among
the early
implement which has attained great
may
be named the Reynolds and Finch families,
The works employ thirty men. " The Chatham Village Marble and Granite Works" were
by Charles Smith.
done, giving
Obadiah
Browns.
taken
Wilbor,
Noah Ashley,
the
Gardners, and the
In 1800, Francis Ray became one of the prom-
established in October, 1867,
large
to
inent citizens of the hamlet, and from

its
him
the place has

at this place,
amount of very
six
fine
work
is
employment
name.
son,
David Ray, was born

oldest
men.
this place are also several carriage works,
and and other
is
now one of the

of the
first
and foremost
citizens of the
At
large
hamlet.
and well-conducted mechanic shops.
One
to
engage in merchandising here was
Horatio Gates
SpaffiDrd,
who
afterwards became a distin-
NEW CONCORD
is
guished author, some time about 1805.

Cornell
After
him came
a very pleasant hamlet, in the southeastern part of the

line.
and Wilbor.
David Ray has been
in trade since
town, near the Canaan

east
It is about five miles north-
1827.
Formerly a good many mechanic shops were here,
from Chatham
village,
Chatham, on the
railroad,
and a mile south from Edst to which place the business of

There are about thirty
families.
and a large quantity of velveteen was manufactured by the

early settlers.
Friends' meeting-house
is
at Rayville.
New
Concord has been diverted.
houses, mostly the

settlers in
homes of
retired
The
early
this locality
were the Palmers, Bebees, Batons,
Pratts, Savages, Lovejoys, Dotys, and Cadys.
The station was fii-st known as Rider's Mills, but received the name of Rayville, four years ago, as being more approThe post-office is known as Green Brook, and has priate. The place contains but Philander Reynolds as postmaster.
a few houses.
Hosea Bebee had one of the

more
central location.
first stores, in
a small house
in the lower part of the settlement.
Afterwards he had a
in trade
Anson Pratt was

also
about the
line of the county,
Three miles northwest from Rayville, near the northern on Kinderhook creek, is the
same time.
derburgh,
latter
David
&
Daniel B. Lovcjoy, Cady

sold
&
Van-
and Charles Lovejoy

in
goods.
The
It
RIDER'S MILLS SETTLEMENT.

was known, about 1800,
in
was appointed postmaster
1872, and held the posiis
as
Mosher's Mills, and
is
tion until hLs death.
The
store and office
now kept by
spoken of by Spafford,
sequently Jonathan
1813, as a very busy place.
Sub-
his family.
Rider became the mill owner, and
Public-houses have been kept by James Brebner, Benja-
until ten years ago the place
had some importance.
With
min Lovejoy, and B. Van Valkenburgh.
the destruction of the mills other interests passed away, and

frere
At New Concord and East Chatham

zcr Root,
located as
now but very

shops.
little
remains
store,
to indicate its
former prosperity.
physicians, Drs. Joseph Brewster, Augustine Haven, Elea-
There are a small
a post-office, and a few mechanic
Warner, and the present Dr.

this village,
Silas
is
N.
Coffin.
North from
on Steeny creek,
mile and a half down the creek
is
the hamlet of
EAST CHATHAM.
It is
railroad,
MALDEN BRIDGE.
Here
are the extensive
an important station on the Boston and Albany
Peaslee paper-mills and
other
and has an active business, which
ha.s
been created
manufacturing enterprises.
The
place
is
pleasantly located
principally
by
tlie
railway.
There are several good business
on both sides of the stream, and contains a few hundred

inhabitants.
blocks, and about four

settlers
hundred
inhabitants.
The
M.
early
Among
other early settlers were
James Van
in
this
locality
were Garrett M. Rowe, Obadiah

Vaiider-
Valkenburgh, Josephus Johnson, Jeremiah Van Hoesen,

Daniel Haywood, Isaac
Preston, Joshua Gifford, Noadiah Gillet, and

poel.
Van
Ness,
Amos
Irish,
John W.
Jason
and
first store.
Levi
Pitts,
Ransom Pago, Samuel
Crandcll,
Peter CrandoU had the
He
was followed
in
Lister,
and J. Pratt.
the
trade by Baldwin Bros., Jesse D. Flint, and others.
Oba-
On
Waterman
Lippitt place, Roswull Holdridge had

first post-office in
diah Palmer was in trade thirty-two years.
The
different
a tavern, in which was opened the
town,
branches of trade are at present well represented by good

stores.
about 1810.
a
This was removed

at
to
Chatham.
Afterwards
In one of them
It
is
kept the post-office, by 0- Pal-
new
office w;is established
Maiden Bridge, which has

others,
mer.
fii-st
was established
at this point
about 1840, and was
been kept by Loren

I
Van Valkenburgh and

Vcddcr.
and
is
kept by J. C. Chapman, on the

Previously to that time
it
West Stockbridge
kept at
to
at present in charge of Nicholas
railroad.
wius
first
New
Con-
Leniah Walker opened a pioneer tavern

present occupied for this purpose.
in the
building at
cord.
Samuel Foot was one of the

37
open a public-
The
early stores wore
290

Van Talkenburgh, and
by Smith
others,
NEW YORK.
was established about 1830, with John
kept by George Cornell, L.
The
post-office
and the trade
is
now
lived
carried on
in
&
Vedder.
Rogers postmaster.
James Sutherland, R.
Sleight,
W.
L.
There have
the
place, as
physicians. Doctors
Lester, Herrick, Vosburg, Browning, and Haines.
Van Alstyne, R. H. Vedder, Jacob V. Schermerhorn, Abram Wiederwax, and Andrew Van Alstyne have been
the subsequent postmasters. Dr. Russell Dorr was the
Dr.
first
Nearly due west from Maiden Bridge, and about four

miles north from
Chatham
Centre,
is
the village of
physician in the place.
NORTH CHATHAM.
The
place
is
prettily located, in a rich section,
on one of
John Sutherland remained until his death. Dr. R. H. Vedder is the present physician. Others in practice were Drs. Miller, Phillips, Cook, and John Newman.
elsewhere given.
the principal highways to Albany.
There are about three
hundred and
fifty
inhabitants,
most of them occupying
The Methodists have a neat church, whose The usual mechanic shops are
history
is
carried on,
village.
comfortable homes.
a good school-house.
The place contains two churches and The early settlers were Andrew
S.
but no other manufactories are at present in the
Wiederwax, Richard
Hill families.
Peck, and later the Nichols and
CHATHAM.
This
for
is
one of the oldest villages
in
the town, and was

is
In the lower part of the village Andrew Wiederwax
many
ycare the most important.
It
north and east
opened the
first
taven,
which he kept
until
1825.
Other
from the centre of the town, pleasantly located on a brook
keepers followed in the same house.
Caleb Hill opened

village.
which
here
affords
limited
water-power.
The
and has
is
place
It
in
is
is
another public-house near the centre of the

place
is
The
neatly kept and presents an attractive appearance.

station
now without an
first store
inn.
on the Harlem Extension
railroad,
confive
The
Son.
was kept by Jacob A. Ten Eyck, as early
sequence an active trade. hundred.

settlers,
The population
about
as 1800, on the spot
now occupied by H. Wiederwax

in
&
Samuel Wilbor was one of the

promoting the
early
fii'st
prominent
The Wicdcrwasos have been

Aaron Traver
was
trade thirty-five
and he and others of that family were the most

prosperity of the
live in
years, and
for the past eighteen years.
Other
Subse-
active
in
place.
merchants were Caleb Hill, Jacob Wilson, Pardee Carshore.
Descendants of this family yet

always been
settlers
Chatham, and have
The
post-oflBce
first
kept in Hill's tavern.
among
Bebee,
its
leading citizens.
The
other early
quently John Schermerhorn, Aaron Traver, and
Lyman
were
Harry Van Valkenburgh, Alnion Russell,
Becker were the postmasters.

Dr. Richard S. Peck practiced medicine until 1827, and
Rhoderick
Thomas
Iloag,
Allen
Davis, Volney
Burgess, Rensselaer Iloag, Simeon S. Mickle, John S. Lay,
was followed by Drs. Joseph Chadwick, 0.

Sutliff,
J. Pock, F. B.
Benjamin Beckwith, Hosea Hudson, Pliny Hudson, Levi
and John H. Hoysradt
several of the latter being
M.
by
Butts,
Wigton
first
Lester, and R. Tabor.

stores in the place
pci^sons,
now
in practice.
One
of the
was opened
in
17S7,
CHATHAM CENTRE
is
number of
this fact
is
it
on the co-operative principle.

federal store," a terra
as the
From
which
is
was called the "
little
west of the centre of the town, on both banks of

creek.
in
sometimes incorrectly used
name of the
Kinderhook
The
location for trade
favorable,
village.
From an
it
account book kept by Elijah Hudson
and
it
was
early days an
important point.
railroad, there
is
Being a
yet con-
we
had
learn that
did an extensive business.
Stephen Wilbor
station on the
Boston and Albany
also a store on the corner,
which has always belonged

by him
siderable
traffic.
The
village has a neat appearance
and
to the
Wilbor family.
After 1810 Thomas Iloag had a

as a tavern.
very attractive surroundings.

inhabitants.
It contains a
few hundred
this locality
store in the house occupied in part
The
principal
early settlers
in
Other merchants were A. Campbell, David Carshore, Harvey Brown, Benjamin

llider,
were Peter Van Alstyne, John Van Slyck, Derrick Sluytcr, Gershom Reed, Gaylord Hawkins, Rowland (Tiffoid, Ilubt.
and Seth Daly.
For the past
twenty years C. B. Hudson has been
in trade as a general
Van
ner,
Alen,
Amos
Sutherland, Israel Phelps, James Breb-
merchant, and Wait Brothers have conducted the hardware

trade for a like period of time.
Peter Pulver, James
Van Valkenburgh,
Isaac Mills,
and Seth Hose.
The
postoffirie
was removed
to this place
from Maiden
Van Alstyne had the first store in the place, near where the Van Alstyne man.sion now stands. It is said that Martin Van Buren frc(|uently made pleas in
Colonel Peter
the old store-room.
Bridge, and has been kept by Campbell, Daly, R. and T.
Hoag, and
at present
by C. B. Hudson.
.site
tavern was kept at an early day on the
of the
On
the opposite
.side
of the stream
present " Locust Tree House," by
Thomas Hoag, which,

at
James Biebner had

Timothy Oakley and
early
a rival store, and, as both
men were
other
on account of
its
favorable location on the turnpike, was
also mill owners, the competition
was often very exciting.
largely patronized.
The
village
has
present
.several
J. J,
Van Valkenburgh were

latter
public-houses.
merchants.
In
use,
ISIG the
erected
the store
Dr. Horace Root was one of the

physicians.
first
settled
practicing
building
now
in
and which was occupied by Van
He
died in
Chatham
II.
in
1805.
Dr. N. 51.
Valkenburgh
present.
until
1835.
The
first
place has several stores at
Ransom and
in the place.
Dr. Robert
Jlorcy have also been located
(iaylord
site
Hawkins had the

stoic.
tavern in a building oppofol-
There
riven.
is
a neat
school-house in
the village, and

is
the
James Brebncr's
JMany other innkeepers
Methodists have
a fine
church, whose history
elsewhere
lowed.

chants for
NEW
many
YORK.
Since 18G9, S.
in
291
years.
&
J.
W.
Boright
CHATHAM VILLAGE.
Tliis flourishing incorporated village
is
have been the leading dealcre

situated on the
rials,
lumber and building matein their line.
and now transact a heavy business
The
south bank of the Steeny creek, a
little
west of the centre

It
various branches of trade are represented by more than a
of the southern
is
line,
and partly in the town of Ghent.
hundred
firms.
distant from
Hud.son sixteen miles, and twenty-seven
The manufacture of
the present.
gloves was formerly carried on very
miles from Albany.
The
location
is
very
fine,
being on
extensively by H. D. Simpson, but has been suspended for
dry, elevated ground, securing
good natural drainage and
The other manufacturing
interests are else-
the healthfulness of the place to a remarkable degree.

site
of the principal part of the village was originally

first
The owned
where noted.
The
master.
post-office
was established at " Chatham Four Cor-
by William Thomas, who inaugurated the

enterprise about
settled
in
181':!.
business
ners" prior to 1818, and Ebenezer Crocker appointed post-
Shortly
after.
Captain Peter Groat
In 1820 the position was

for twelve
filled
by Peter Groat,
the place, which was long
known
as " Groat's
and subsequently
years by Solomon Crandell,
Corners,"' then as "
by the present name.

ilies,
the early
Chatham Four Corners," and since 186'J Besides the Groat and Thomas famsettlers of the place were John L. Sharp,
;
istered
John Cadman, and othei-s. The office is at present adminThere are nine mails in, and by W. H. Barnes. an equal number out, daily, and the volume of matter
received and sent
is
a cabinet-maker
Hezekiah Hulburt, wagoner

;
Joseph R.
very large.
Coleman, miller
and Jethro Bunker, James Bullis, Ed-
ward Hunter, James Tobias, and Samuel Van Alstyne, Edward Dorr was the physician, and Simeon Van farmers.
Deusen the lawyer.
were first represented in 1859, by the " Columbia Bank," organized under the geneinterests of the place
ral
The banking
banking laws of the
State, as a
bank of
issue
and de-
posit,
with a capital of 8100,000.

S.
William A. Woodbridge
cashier.
The growth of
it
the place was slow and unimportant until
was president, and

it
M. Jewell
In June, 18G7,
became a
railroad centre, since
which
it
has assumed a
fire
closed
its
business as a State bank, and became a private
substantial
and
village-like aspect.
destructive
in
banking
institution,
conducted by William A. Trowbridge
18G9 swept away

of brick.
It is
a long block of
fine
frame buildings, which
&
Co.
It failed in June, 1873.
have been rebuilt with
and substantial business blocks

busy appearance.
line,
On
the 1st of March, 1875, the present State

village
Bank of
The
railroads give the village a
Chatham
directors
was established as a bank of deposit and

Clark, Joseph C. Ford, T.
an important station on the Boston and Albany
discount, with a cash capital of 550,000, and the following

:
the northern terminus of the
New York
and Harlem, and
C.
M. Tracy, Daniel
the
Hudson and Boston railroads, and the southern terminus All have stations in of the Harlem Extension railroad. the village, and more than a hundred trains arrive and depart daily. The population is estimated at two thousand. The fii-st tavern in the place was opened by William
Thomas, Jan. which was
1,
R. Burrows,
W. H.
Parsons, Isaac Son, George A. Birch,
Edmund
L. Judson, George L. Morris,
John D.
Shufelt,
A. H. Stark, John M. Bailey, Walter F. Hurcomb, Charles President, George L. R. Knowles, and Samuel Moffatt.
jMorris;
Vice-President,
Moffiitt.
Talcott
R.
Burrows;
Cashier,
is
1812, in the present " Stanwix Hall,"
Samuel
neat building on Kinderhook street
built in the previous year
by Thomas.
In a few
occupied by the bank.
years he was succeeded by George Bain, and he, before
The
learned professions have from the
first
been ably
1816, by Peter Groat,

kept the post-oflice
who
also
owned a
stage-line
and
represented in
in his
house.
This place has been in

is
Dorr came
in practice
to
Chatham village. As a the place among the first

years.
physician,
settlers,
Edward
continuing
continuous use for tavern purposes, and
now kept by
in
;
many
Doctors Lofus, Hyatt, and Green
M.
S.
Beach.
In 1815, William Thomas erected the Park House,
which Ebcnczer Crocker and others kept pioneer taverns

and
in
came about 1835, and Doctoi-s Bourn and Foster followed Dr. James T. Shufeit has been in the place in soon after. practice since 1839, and has a contemporary in Dr. William
C. Bailey.
1840 a
third house was opened for the accomoda-
tion of travelers
by William Raymond, on the
site
now
Barnes, Frank Maxon, and
Other resident physicians are Doctore John T. Wheeler.
W. H.
occupied by Hoes' Hotel.
The
" Francisco
House" was
in
One of
had an
the early lawyers was Martin
Van Deusen, who
opened
at a later day.
fii-st
The
store iu the village
was opened
the Park
suc-
now occupied by Judge Cadman's. P. W. Bishop, now of Troy, and Elijah Payn, of Hudson,
office
on the
site
House, about 1815, by William Thomas.

ceeded by Ebenezer Crocker,
He was
Israel
practiced law next in

Clellan has been here
the order of time.
who
sold out the goods
and
more than twenty-five

is
years.
Hugh W. McHe has

John
H.
opened a tavern.
Joseph R. Coleman and

store, in a small
McCord
1829
to
served as surrogate, and
at present
county judge.
had the second

pike.
house farther up the turnto
Cadman
Wright,
has been in practice since 1853, excepting his ser-
Solomon Crandell came

in trade,
the
place
in
vice as county judge in 1871.

;,nd
Alvah D. Roe,
ILiratio
engage
and two years
later
moved
his store to the
Charles Baurhyte have boon in practice; and
Yellow house,
at the point
formed by the meeting of the
W.
J.
C. Daley, since
18G5
;
Nathan
and
Po.st,
since 1867
licwis
two turnpikes.
This place he occupied until 1855, and
Brown, since 1869
George K. Daley, arc now

be found mentioned in ihu
the. general liistoiy
since that period has continued in business farther

street.
up the
practicing attorneys.
John H. Mcsick opened

I.
a store about 1840, and
The
press of
Chatham
will
William Tator, William

Morris,
Peak, Jared Best, George L.
chapter devoted to that subject in

the county.
of
Homer
Craudell, and ullicrs have been active mer-
292

MUNICIPAL GOVEKNMENT.
NEW
YORK.
No.
1
The apparatus
of rubber
consists of a
Button
&
Blake seven-
The
village
was incorporated under the general act of
inch stroke machine, built in 1869, and five hundred feet

hose.
1847, on a petition presented to the court of sessions of Columbia county, reciting that the place contained 1355
residents, living in about eciual
The company has
participated
with
credit in several musters,

association in
and was admitted
into the State
numbers
in the towns of
August, 1876.
Chatham and Ghent.

bounds was reported
The
area comprised within the stated
as eight
hundred and
fifty-two acres.
THE MASONIC BUILDING COMPANY OF CHATHAM VILLAGE

was organized Oct. 7, 1872, with the following trustees: E. M. Thomas, John W. Boright, John B. Traver, Wright
The petition was granted Feb. 15, 1869, and an election ordered to be held March 18 following, to vote on the
question of incorporation.
votes were polled, of which
to incorporation.
Two hundred and

number
eighty-four
eighty-six were opposed
H. Barnes, C. M. Burrows, Abram Ashley, Jr., John The capital stock was Cadraan, and H. W. McClellan.
fixed at fifteen thousand dollars, in
dollars each.
The
petition proposed the

;
name of Chatbecame, and
shares of twenty-five
Isaac
ham
for the
new
corporation
but, as another place in the
H. W. McClellan and
Son were apfeet,
town had a prior claim
to this
name, the
title
pointed a building committee, and the following year, 1873,

a very fine brick block, fifty
now is, Chatham The first municipal

bridge,
Village.
by sixty-eight
dollars.
offices,
and three
election
was held April 24, 1869,

A. WoodMark Mealy, and
;
stories high,
was erected
in the central part
of the village,
with the following result:
Trustees, William
at a
cost of eighteen
thousand
stores
hall.
The two lower

and the entire
Vice-Presi;
Abram
B. Pugsley, John Wing,

;
stories are occupied
by
and
George L. Morris
Clerk,
Abram
;
Ashley, Jr.
Assessors,
upper
floor as a
Masonic
The
present officers of the

;
skie
fclt
Richard H. Bump, Joseph P. Hogeboom, Samuel JerkowTreasurer, James T. ShuCollector, Enos C. Peak
:
company
are
President, George L. Morris

;
dent, Jared Best

urer, Charles
Secretary, Charles H. Bell
and Treas-
Poundmaster, Hiram Allen.
M. Burrows.
The trustees selected William A. Woodbridge as their Dr. James T. Shufelt was presiding officer for the year.
appointed health
officer.
THE MASONIC AND MINISTERIAL RELIEF ASSOCIATION OF COLUMBIA COUNTY

was organized July 23, 1872, and has
the Masonic building at
its
After the second meeting, in 1870, the trustees deter-
home
office
in
mined
one
justice,
their tenure of office

years.
by
lot,
the terms varying from
Chatham
village.
Its object is to
to five
William C. Daley was chosen police
secure cheap and reliable insurance, or the relief of mothers,
and George C. Burrows and George E. Kenworthy

present village hall was purchased this year, at a
widows, and orphans of deceased members.

cumulation
is
No
large ac-
police constables.
The
cost of
offered,
is
contemplated, but the best possible security
"
85500.
It
is
located near the centre of the village,

its
member of
membership
dollar,
the association."
The pledged honor and integrity of every The members are divided
hundred each, based on
age,
and
in
is
well adapted for
purposes.
The
In
it
hall is triangular
into classes of five
and pay a
shape, of brick, three stories high, with a front tower

bell.
fee of ten dollars,
and an annual due of one

to his class,
containing a good clock and
are the engine-
and on the death of a member belonging

for every
house, rooms for the police court, firemen's hall, and a hall
for the village meetings.
two dollars
one thousand dollars assured.
The
efficient fire
plan has proved very satisfactory, as the following

its
The
streets,
corporation has been active in locating and improving
report of
condition, April, 1878, attests:
and maintains an
department.
The
Policies issued in Class " " Deaths " " Liipscd
Pr'.'sent
appearance of the place has also been greatly beautified,
'^21
and Chatham
village promises soon to
become, tlirough the

villages of
this
members
119 200
measures of the board, one of the

part of the State.
Tiie presidents
finest
and clerks since
its
incorporation have
Deaths Lapsed
Policies issued in Class " " " "
B
."
i^62
Present members
Policies issued in Class " " Deaths " " Lpscd
187 372
been as follows
Diito.
lSr.il
3'J2
rrcaiilenta.
Clfrks.
Williiiin
A. U'oo.lbriJgc.
Abriim Ashley, Jr.
1S70 i.sn IS72

1S7.(
1.S74
Present members
"
130 254
" " '

1). S.
"
I.,.v,-joy.
Two hundred and

The
been
:
fifly-two policies
were issued
in
1877.
officers
since the a.ssociation
was organized have

;
lS7.i
President,
Cornelius
;
S.
Mead
Vice-President,
;
1S7G 1S77
Klijah M. Thomas. John D. Sliuldt.
Hugh W.
Treasurer,
NO.
1,
McClellan
Secretary, x\bram Ashley, Jr.
and
Wright H. Barnes.
AS-
OCEAN ENGINE AND HOSE CO.MPANY,

with Chauncey H. Peak, foreman
tary,
was organized at Chatham Four Corners, June 26, 1858,

;
Peter Rcasoncr, secre-
THE NASSAU, SCHODACK, AND CHATHAM MUTUAL SURANCE ASSOCIATION

was organized
in
and
.six
members.
In 1859'
it
became an ineorpor;Ued
members, having
1856.
It
carries at present about five
body, and has since that period had a very flourishing exi.-itence.
hundred thousand
dollars in risks on detached buildings in

first
There are
at present
fifty-five
Chatham, and has from the

assurance.
afforded reliable and cheap

is
M.
S.
Beach
as foreman,
and L. K. Callender, secretary.
The home
office
of the company
at Nassau,

and Abel Merchant has been the secretary since
ization.
its
NEW
YORK.
S.
;
293
organ-
fith,
P.
George H. Angell, K. of R.
the meetings are held in
and C. J. Seythe present P.
mour, M. of F. C.
the Columbia County Agricultural Solimits
Edwin A. Beckwith
is
The grounds of
C, and
Odd
Fellows' Hall.
ciety are within the corporate
of Chatham
village,
but the history of that body
is
elsewhere given.

of the town, so far as their history
is
recorded, date from
THE SECRET ORDERS

of the town have embraced the following societies
:
Sept. 12, 1795.
On
that day the school
commissioners,
composed of James Savage, Martin Krum, Hosea Bobee,
Abraham Hogeboom, Samuel Wilbor, Peter Van
Alstyne,
CANAAN LODGE,
was instituted
at
NO. 44,
F.
& A. M.,
and James Bartholomew, met at the house of Gaylord
New
Concord, March 26, 1796.
Among
Hawkins, and
solved,
after appointing
James Palmer
clerk.
Re-
the petitioners for a charter were
John Noyes, Alexander
That the clerk write twelve advertisements reciting

This was held
its
Smith, Palmer Cady, Nathan Noyes, Patrick Hamilton, John Stranahan, Gershom Babcock, Eleazer Davis, Silas
Pratts,
part of the act for the encouragement of schools, and notify

the time of the next meeting.
at the
house
Joseph Kellogg, L. Stone,
SI. Butler,
Amasa Adams,
of William Vosburgh, but no record of
transactions
H. Hobart, Jonathan Ball, F. Lusk, Peter Savage, John Camp, Samuel Anable, Hezekiah Hulburt, Zebulon Douglas,
has been preserved.
The
office
of town superintendent of schools was
first
and Benjamin Lord.
The
lodge ceased to
work
in
held in 1844, by Oliver J. Peck.

sequently
filled
The
position
was sub-
1827.
by
Amos
Boright,
Hugh W.
SlcClellan,
CHARITY LODGE,
NO. 192,
Isaac
M.
Pitts,
Horatio N. Wright, and Nathaniel Mosher.

town, hav-
of the same order, was organized at Spencerport in 1808,
There are
at present nineteen districts in the
and had a very flourishing existence

times,
until the anti-Masonic
ing ten hundred and eighty-nine children of school age,
when it also went down. The remaining interests of these

in
from which an attendance of four hundred and forty pupils

lodges were united, in
is
secured.
five
The
schools are supported at an expense of
1844,
the formation of Eureka Lodge at
Chatham Four
about
thousand dollars per year.

village, a
first
Corners.
This society gave place in 1851 to the present
In the Chatham
Miss King
is
credited with
having taught the
school in a small building near the
COLUiMBIA LODGE, NO. 98.
railroad bridge.
The
public school at present occupies a

for
members were Samuel P. Lee, John H. Mesick, Harry S. Clark, Richard C. Tobias, Samuel Marehall, David H. Cornell, Thomas Everett, Elijah Payn, Charles B. Dutcher, and Albert Brown. Hugh W. McClellan was
Its charter
large
building, having rooms
four departments,
and
accommodating two hundred and
fifty pupils.
is
On
the
hill in
the eastern part of the village
the
first initiated,
Sept. 25, 1851.
The members
at present
is
THE CHATHAM ACADEMY

building, erected
dollars.
in
number one hundred and

a very
eighty-three,
and the lodge
in
1871, at a cost of three
thousand
flourishing condition.
in
Since 1873 the meetings
In 1873 this became the property of John Cad-
have been held
a hall which, for beauty and convenience,
man,
J. D. Shufelt,
and D. F. Lovejoy, who now conduct
has few superiors in the county.

the present
Simeon R. Hatfield
is
the school as a private enterprise. the

first principal,
Abraham Macy was

filled
M.
and Uriah Harmon, Secretary.

'
a position
which was subsequently
by L.
C. Hitchcock,
George F. Cole, Edward Weatherby,

is
CHARITY CHAPTER, NO. 47, ORDER OP EASTERN STAR,

was instituted at Chatham
original
village,
and Miss E. French, who

ance of
fifty
the present teacher.

is
An
attend-
March
Bell,
1,
1876.
The
C.
students per term
maintained.
in
members were Abram Ashley, W. H. Barnes,

C. Daley, C.
Other private schools are taught
the village, but no
M. Burrows, W.
H.
J.
W.
Boright,
data as to their condition can be given.
Henrietta Barnes, Eliza F. Burrows, Phoebe M. Burrows,
Eva A. Drumm, Sarah Wentworth, Mattie C. Fellows, and It now numbei's forty-five members, with J. Bell. John W. Boright, W. P. Eliza F. Burrows, W. M. and Kittle E. Daley, Secretary. The meetings are held semiAbbie
; ;
THE REFORMED CHURCH OP NEW CONCORD.

It in
is
probable that the religious body called the
''
Church
Christ of
New
Concord," Congregational
after the country
in
doctrine,
was organized soon
was
settled.
But
the
monthly
in
Masonic Hall.
NO. 128,
I.
old records have been destroyed,

list
and nothing more than,

This
of the original
members has been preserved.
MORNING STAR LODGE,

was instituted at Chatham
following officers:
O.
OF
O.
F.,
embraces the names of Deacon Seth Jenney, Deacon Joseph

Smith, Deacon
Burgess,
village, Sept. 23,

;
1844, with the
William
S.
H. Allen, N. G. S. P. Lee, V. G. Peak, R. S. and William T. Groat, Treasurer.

;
Stephen Palmer, John Davis, Jeremiah Thomas Hulburt, Justus Betts, Abel Eaton,
Brewster,
Simeon Doty, Joseph

Doty,
Stephen Davis. Samuel

Churchill,
The
lodge at present numbers forty-four members, having
William
Benjamin,
Stephen
Edward
Par-
George
W. Cady
as
N. G.
and Charles Smith, R.

NO. 144, K.
S.
Palmer, Judson
sons.
Parks, David
Barnes, and
x\.lfred
Rev. John Waters was their pastor.
Prior to his
CHATHAM LODGE,
OF
P.,
cotmection the Revs. Stevens and Leonard ministered to

the people in a log nieeting-housc, which,
before
was instituted Dec. 14, 1875, with twenty charter members and the following officers: Charles Smith, P. C. Elijah
;
1800,
gave place to a frame structure.

In 1815 the church became Presbyterian in government.
C. Tripp,
C. C.
William R. Mesick, V. C.
J.
G. Grif-
294

called
NEW
Meeker,
YORK.
S.
and
until
1827.
Rev. Joel T. Benedict as pastor, who remained After a short vacancy, Rev. M. Raymond
office.
Hurd,
Wm.
Covel, C. Barber, D. Osgood,
W.
D. Stead, C. R. Morris, H. B. Wright, A. A. Farr,
Wm.
succeeded to the pastoral
Henry, Aaron Hall, R. Kelley, D. Poor,

ren Little, T. Seymour,
In 1835 the church again became Congregational, the pastors, in the order of their connection, being the Revs.
W. W.
Pierce,
W. P. Gray, WarJames M. Edgarton,
Hiram Dunn,
Blanciiard,
L. Marshall,
Jr.,
I.
Nathan G. Axtell, Lester Janes,
John T. Avery, Nathaniel Pine, Abel CrandcU, Theodore S. Brown, and others for short periods. On the 5th of November, 1856, the name of the church
was changed
to the "
:
Daniel Morris,
Oren Gregg, Paul P. Atwell, Hiram

Johns, C. Meeker, William Clark, J.
S. Porter,
Henry
W.
Belknap, G.
W.
Wm.
Bedell, Geo.
W.
Fitch,
Reformed Dutch," and the following

Elders,
Andrew Heath, R. G. Adams,
and, in 1878, H. A. Starks.
consistory ordained
Hezckiah H. Lovcjoy, Joseph
D. Clark, Charles \V. Lovcjoy Deacons, Orlando B. Allen, Andrew M. Clark, and William Doty. There were at this
;
THE MALDEN BRIDGE METHODIST

was
legally organized
EPISCOP.iL
CHURCH
Feb. 22, 1834, at a meeting over

presided as moderator, and
:
time about
fifty
members.
The church
edifice
was moved
repair.
which Rev. Thomas
Newman
to its present site soon after

is
and placed in good
It
which selected the following trustees
James B. Van ValPitts,
(1878) a very comfortable place of worship. The Rev. Henry E. Decker became the first pastor, continuing until 1860 Rev. Josiah Jansen, from 1861 to 1864
at present
;
;
kenburgh, Josephus Johnson, Seth Daley, Levi
and
Waterman
Lippitt.
chapel was erected on

in
W.
Lippitt's land
is
in
1835,
Rev. David A. Jones, 1864-67

This was the
last settled
J.
H. Bevier, 1867-73.
Since that period the
pastorate.
church has been supplied by the Revs. H. R. Harris, C.

S.
Mead, and A. W. Ashley.

tutor of the
spiritual
forty-two
The latter is the present members composing the
now worth four thousand dollars. The present trustees are Thomas E. Lee, M. H. Haywood, S. H. Rifenburgh, Isaac M. Pitts, and Robert Hoes. The church has always been connected with the one at Chatham as a circuit, and the succession of
which,
1870, was reconstructed, and
church.
The
consistory
joy, 0. B. Allen,
is composed of Elders H. H. LoveH. A. Ashley, and Deacons J. T. Vos-
pastors
is
given in a sketch of that church.
burgh, A. Staats, and J. 0. Niles.
THE NORTH CHATHAM METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

In 1832, while Rev. Arnold Schofield was the presiding
elder of the district, measures were taken to establish a
THE CHATHAM METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The Methodists held meetings
1800.
It is related in
the town soon after

in
Methodist church at North Chatham.
The
following year
that the
first
services were held
George L. Rowe, John

a church.
I.
Budd, and Timothy Nichols were
barns, and that Mrs.
James Van Valkenburgh, Cynthia

composed the
first class.
appointed a committee to inaugurate the movement to build
Lester, and a third sister
few
In 1834 the house was erected at a cost of
years later Fathers Chadwick, Jewett, Nathaniel Brockway,

Frisbie, Lawrence Van Valkenburgh, and Mrs. Samuel Wilbor were among the active members and still later Philip Hulburt, H. N. Wheeler, Horace Root, Loren M. Davis, Jedediah Brockway, Wm. Mickle, and Mrs.
Philip
$1600, and dedicated Jan. 8, 1835, by the Rev. Buel This was used until the completion of the pi'esGoodsel.
ent handsome edifice, which
is
one of the
finest
churches
in the northern part of the county.
Among
the early
members of the church were John
Hosea Hudson were added to the number. In 1812 a meeting-house was built at Chatham by a society whose first trustees were Timothy Oakley, Ezra Chadwick, Abijah Stever, and
Budd, Jesse Stever, John Q. Huyck, John I. Budd, George L. Rowe, Timothy Nichols, Elijah Budd, Heber Palmer,
and their wives.
John
Stearns, Jr.
The new church

Sand Lake.
in the
The church was

tees
incorporated April 11, 1836, with trus-
was one of a number

circuit
in this
part of the country forming a

to
which extended from Hillsdale

for
It
George L. Rowe, Jesse Stever, Elihu Budd, John I. Budd, and H. Palmer. It was first (until 1851) served
as part of the old
centre,
embraced
many
years
all
Methodist work
town,
Chatham
circuit,
then united to
Chatham
but now includes only the church at Maiden Bridge, having a joint membership of one hundred and sixty-five persons.
and now forms a separate charge.
The
clergy since
There are flourishing Sunday-schools
in
both churches,
1835 have been Revs. Joshua Poor, Amos Hazleton, William F. Hurd, Hiram Meeker, S. Covel, C. Barber, D. Osgood,
the one at
CRatham having been organized in 1825. The church edifice at Chatham was rebuilt in 1866.
a
W.
It
D. Stead, Christopher R. Morris, Horace B. Knight,
Alfred A. Farr, William Henry, John Pegg, Aaron Hall,

R. Kelley, D. Poor,
is
commodious
structure,
estimated worth S6000, and
W.
P. Gray, Warren" Little, T. Sey-
the parsonage at 82000.

trustees,
The property
is
controlled
by
mour,
S.
Wilbor, J. N.
Wait, A. H.
Van
Al.styne,
Samuel Stover, and E. Goss. Since 1851 the Revs. William A. Miller, John W. Belknap, P.
Pierce,
W. W.
R.
H. Morey, W. A. Mickle, L. M. Davis, and G.

Since
W.
at
P. narrower,
Hiram
Blanciiard, Richard T.
Wade, Bcrea
P.
Van Valkenburgh.
1820 the clergy connected with the church
0. Meeker, Sylvester P. Williams, Merritt B. Mead, David

Lytle,
Frederick Widmer, George
W. Brown, David
Chatham have been Revs. William Anson, Gershom Pierce, H. Weston, T. Clark, Coles Carpenter, Moses Amadon, Cyrus Culver, Samuel Howe, SamueJ Eicheney, Jacob Hall,
Arnold Schofield, Elbert Osborn, C.
F. Peltun,
Hulburt, Joseph B. Sylvester, William
H. Washburnc,
William Bedell; and,
in
1878, Junius G. Fallon.
IL Burton,
THE CHATHAM CENTRE METHODI.ST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

became an incorporated body, June 21, 1849, with Peter B. Van Slyck, Ebenezor Jcnnison, Daniel Harris, Henry
Seymour Coleman, A.
S. Cooper,
John Pcgg,
T.
Newman,
H. Wcthcrwax, Joshua Poor,
Amos
Hazleton,
Wm.
F.
I'hotus. by J. n. Allis,
Chatham, N. Y.
//7r^
i^>-*^^,.<S<^^--
^ ^/ur-X':^
Mr. Nichols dates
to it
Timothy Nichols,
the father of the two brothers re-
From
this little circumstance
his suc-
siding in the north part of the town of Chatham, and of
cess in business,
also gratefiilly
and ever looks back
with pleasure;
whom we
Conn.
;
give a brief sketch, was a native of Fairfield,
remembering the name of Mr. Van Alstyne,

it
born but a few miles distant from the old town of

his
who was
the instrument of bringing
about.
at
After spend-
Fairfield,
ancestors
were
among
the
early
settlers
ing about two
years in buying grain
Schodack, Mr.
of the county, and took part in the defense of the town
Nichols went to Kinderhook Depot, on (he Boston and
when
it
was attacked and burned by the British, under

in
Albany
railroad,
and during ten years
in the busine.ss there
Governor Tryon.
1779.
to
won
Chatham about the year 1818, Here he formed the trade. daughter of Christian C. Lawand from this union and Ward Nichols, now
;
the reputation of a perfectly upright and honest dealer,
Timothy Nichols came
giving the farmers a good market and an equivalent for

their grain.
and learned the blacksmith

acquaintance of Catharine,
After this Mr. Nichols moved to Albany, and
for about ten years
more pursued the grain and commission

of
rence, an old, widely-known, and highly-respected resident
business in that city with marked success, doing a com-
of North Chatham,
whom
he married
mission
business
there
between
$500,000
and $600,000.
sprang the
residents of
two
sons, Bradley
While
he was looked upon by his associates as a
North Chatham.
Bradley married the very
thorough business man, and one whose word and check
estimable daughter of Henry Becker, Esq., of Chatham

Centre, a
were never questioned.

In 1870, Mr. Nichols retired from business, and returned
to his native
man
highly prized for his judgment in town and

oflSce
county matters, having held the

years in his native town.
of justice
many
town of North Chatham, where he has since

be said of Mr. and Mrs. Bradley
of their worthy example
resided.
a
Much might
an
to
About the year 1846, Bradley, while yet

residing with
his father
young man
latter place,
Nichols, wherein
imitation
on a farm between North and
would be a benefit
marriage cared
for,
mankind.
Thej have
since their
little
Centre Chatham, was sauntering one day to the
brought up, and educated three

left,
when he was
the roadside.
Alstyne, an
accosted by two gentlemen in conversation
by
orphan children, who were
poor and almost friendless,
One
old
of
them was Mr. Abraham P. Van
but who now look up to and love them as only fond, loving
children can love parents.
resident of
Chatham
;
Centre, and with
The poor and needy

the
are never
whom
Bradley was well acquainted
the other was a Mr.
turned away, and Mr. and Mrs. Nichols are known for their
liberality in
Reed, a grain merchant of Boston,
who had stepped

to
off
giving to any enterprise for
benefit of
from the cars

Boston firm.
to his
to
engage some one
buy grain
for the
society around them.
Mr. Van Alstyne
at once introduced
Bradley
Ward
Nichols, brother of Bradley,

ofiBces
is
quite an exis
companion, and then and there, with the hearty ap-
tensive farmer, living near
North Chatham, and

of trust in the town.
widely
proval and indorsement of Mr.
Van
Alstyne, a bargain was

in
known, having held

ried
He
mar-
made and entered

business which
seller.
into
which resulted
establishing a
the
daughter of Isaac
M. Reed.
engaged
Bradley
Bun-
proved
remunerative both to buyer and
Nichols, son of
Ward, married the only daughter of Lewb

is
Rowe, Esq., and
at present
in farming.
Pliotua.
by
J. B. AUis,
Chatham, N, y.
c:^h/n(^, ,^tzJjb
'-}^.^.j^
;^^^^
Henry
with
Hill
is
a son of Caleb
Hill,
who was
in
identified
schooling.
At
afiairs
the age of eighteen he became identified
many of the
principal
improvements
North Chatham,
with the
age
of the hotel, which he continued to manfather's
being a
man
of great personal energy and activity.
He
about thirty years aftr his
death.
After
removed from the town of Dover, Dutchess Co., N. Y., and

settled at
this event,
which occurred December 17, 1832, the manestate his
North Chatham before there wxs any
village at
agement of the
and care of the family devolved upon

characteristic energy
that point
known by
its
present name.
He
built a tannery
Henry, who, by
and successful
and followed tanning, currying, and shoemaking, adding

also to this occupation that of a farmer,
business qualifications, greatly improved and increased the
having purchased
value of the property
left to
him and
the rest of the heirs.
seventy acres of land where the village
now
stands.
He
His father had been postmaster from the time of the establishment of the
office
till
procured the establishment of a post-office as early as 1816,
his death
after
which Henry was
and
later erected a hotel,
which
is still
one of the old land-
his successor for about fifteen years.
marks of the
place.
After his removal from Dutchess
Henry
Hill married for his
first wife,
Parmelia Hunt,
county, Mr. Hill married Eunice Moore, of Chatham, by
daughter of Daniel Hunt, of
Windham
Centre; Greene Co.,
whom
he had four children who arrived

still
at years of
maturity
N. Y.,
May
22, 1850, and by this marriage had two chil-
and who are
living, of
whom Henry
Hill, the subject
dren, both deceased.
Mrs. Hill died April 16, 1854.
On
of this notice,
is
the eldest.
to
the 31st of August, 1868, he married his second and pres-
Henry was brought up

tannery, and was a
his time
work on the farm and
in
the
ent wife in
New York
city,
Mrs. Elizabeth
Van
Salisbury,
handy and industrious boy, improving

his opportunities for
whose
portrait appears
by the
side of her husband's in the
and making the best use of
above engravings.
HISTORY OF COLUxMBIA COUNTY,

Becker, and George C. Clyde as trustees.
NEW
YORK.
in
295
church buildre-
tees.
meeting-house was erected
that hamlet about
ing was erected the same year, which was thoroughly

paired in 1S75, at a cost of S2000.
this time,
It is a very neat frame,
at
S.
1856 was removed to its present site East Chatham, and dedicated November 13 by the Rev.
in
which
with a tower and
bell,
and
is
is
worth $5000.
fine par-
sonage, erected in 1877,
worth 81500.
Harris,
The
controlling
trustees are Jesse Crandell, Albert
Moses Thomas,
E. A. Shaver, and William
Van
Alstyne.
The church was formerly

appointments, as a circuit.
served, in connection with other
D. Brown. The house has since been improved, and now afibrds a comfortable place of worship. The pastors of the New Concord appointment were Revs. Thomas Ellis, Nathaniel Mead, Alexander H. Ferguson, and Thomas Geralds. In 1850 the name was changed by
the conference to that of East Chatham, and
Since 1849 the ministry have

Pierce,
has since
as a
been Revs. T. Seymour,

Goss, William A.
rower,
W. W.
Samuel Stover, E.
been served, as before, with the

circuit.
Red Rock church

1850
to
Miller John
W,
Belknap, P. P. narT.
The
pastoral succession from

:
1878 has
Hiram Blanchard, Richard

Frederick Widmer, George
Wade, Berea 0.
P.
been as follows
Revs.
Wm.
G. Browning, Peletiah Ward,
Meeker, Sylvester P. Williams, Merritt B. Mead, David

Lytle,
Wm.
N.
Brush, Philip L. Hoyt, Thomas
W.
Chadwick,
Amos
W. Brown, David
Mulni.'c,
Hulburt, Joseph B. Sylvester, William H. Washburne, William Bedell, J. G. Fallon, and P. F. Youlen. A Sunday-school, superintended by
ized about the
is
W.
S.
James G. Bates, M. A. Lent, Aaron Rogers, Bouton, Abraham Davis, W. F. Harris, William A.
in
Maekey, George Daniel, and G. D. Townsend.
same time
as the church.
Edgar A. Shaver, was organA good library
Sunday-school was organized
the church in 1856,
which has been superintended
for the past twelve years
by
maintained.
Henry The
as the "
C. Smith.
circuit parsonage
is
is
located at East
Chatham, and,
THE CHATHA.M VILLAGE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

was organized
Jesse Carley,
with the church property,
estimated to be worth $6000.
White
Mills" church, by the Rev.
June 18, 1835. The trustees chosen were George Humphrey, Martin Harder, Stephen Shipman, Cornelius
The trustees of the society are Harrison Cady, Henry C. Ham, P. R. Cornell, A. M. Carpenter, W. P. Kirby, H.
D. Lovejoy, and Joseph
W.
Pliilips.
Shufelt,
Mark K.
Crandell, Jehoiakim
H.
Blass,
James Van Valkenburgh, Theodore Pomeroy, and David

Crego. small frame church was built a short distance west of the " White Mills," which is yet standing, although
THE EAST CHATHAM BAPTIST CHURCH

was organized
worship
in
in
1813, and was a comfortable place of
the village of East Chatham, having in
1875
C.
used only for occasional services.
fifty-three
members.
The
pastor in
1877 was Rev.
W.
About 1850 the interests of the society were transferred to Chatham village, where a frame meeting-house was
erected,
Ashley.
this body,
We
and
have been unable

at the last
to secure a full history of
moment
insert this brief notice.
which was destroyed by
fire in
the spring of 1853.
The
following
stead,
summer the present edifice was erected in its Benjamin Rogers, Henry Porter, and Peter C. TompIt
is
THE friends' MEETING OF RAYVILLE

was established about 1777, and was composed of members
from the Finch, Reynolds, Wilbor, Mosher,
Coffin,
kins serving as a building committee.
estimated to be
Swain,
worth $4500, and the parsonage 63500.

Until 1875 the church was connected with the one at
and Barnard and Cornell
families.
Later the Ray, Gardner, Smith,

to the meeting.
families
were added
house
Spencertown
as a circuit,
but that year
it
became a
station.
of worship was built about 1800, by Palmer Holmes, in
There are
at present
one hundred and forty-four members,
which semi-weekly meetings have since been

with silent worship.
forty
held, generally
who
are under the pastoral care of the Rev. S. J.
Mc-
The meeting
at present
numbers about
Cutclien. From 1853 until this period (1878) the clergy were Revs. Peletiah Ward, James N. Shaffer, Isaac 11.
members.
a flourishing Baptist
in
At North Chatham was formerly

society,
Lent, Delos Lull, N. S. Tuthill, John A. Edmonds,
11.
which erected a meeting-house
the village
but
B. Mead, J.
W.
Smith,
W. Jones, W. and W. Stevens.
S. Stillwell, Alfred Coons, J.
the society became so feeble years ago that the services were
discontinued, and occasional meetings only held.
The house
Sunday-school of more than two hundred members

is
is
has lately been used for the services of the Congregational
maintained by the church, and
at present
superintended
and other churches, but no regular organization has been

effected.
by Francis
dred and
I.
Park.
It has a
good library of three hun-
fifty
volumes.
THE
THE LUTHERAN CHAPEL
at
ST.
P.VTRICK's
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Chatham
village,
Catholic missionary work was begun at
Chatham
village
is
used by that religious body for ser-
vices, in connection
with the church in Ghent, in the history

is
under the auspices of Hudson parish, in 1855. The following year a church edifice was erected under the direction
of Father
of which a more extended account
given.
James
S. O'Sullivan, priest of the p.irish,
which
THE EAST CH.ATH.AM .METHODIST EPISC0P.4L CHURCH.

Methodist services were
about 1840.
first
was consecrated by the bishop, now Cardinal McCloskey. This liouse was enlarged in 1868 by Father J. J. Moriarty,
established at
New
Concord
and now has
sittings for five
hundred persons.
It
is
On
the 24th of March, 1845, a legal society
reported worth
$5000, and the parsonage, purchased
in
wasTornied, with Albert Cady, Peter C. Tompkins, Harrison
1867, an equal amount.
Cady, Ferdinand Mesick, and Talcott G. Starks as trus-
Chatham
village
and the surrounding country became a
296
NEW
YORK.
In due time the edifice was comit
parish in February, 1867, at wtiich time Father J. J. Moriarty
12th of March, 1843.

pleted,
became the resideut
priest,
and
still
serves in that
and on Saturday, the 7th of October, 1843,
was
capacity.
The bounds of
to
in
the parish at present extend
dedicated to the service of the Triune God.
The Rev.
at
southward
Boston Corners, having a church at Copake,

1873.
Mr. Crandell, pastor of the Congregational church

cord, offered the invocation.
Con-
which was added

parish
The communicants of
souls.
the
Rev. Theodore Wyckoff, of
number about one thousand
the Second Dutch church of Ghent, read the eighty-fourth

psalm. Rev. Dr. Gosman, of
Sabbath-school at Chatham village was organized in

It has seventy scholars,
Hudson, preached the
ser-
February, 1867.
and
is
super-
mon, and the Rev. E.

prayer.
S.
Porter offered the dedicatory
intended by Miss Kate Moriarty.
The Rev. E.
S.
Porter, having been presented with a
THE
ST.
Joseph's
eoman catholic church op MALDEN BRIDGE
call
from the church, and having accepted the same, was on Tuesday, the 17th day of Rev. E.
;
installed in the pastoral office
was incorporated Oct. 10, 1871, with the bishop, vicar-general, John J. Brennan, Thomas Russell, and Peter Dunn,
trustees.
October, 1843.
The
pastors have been as follows

;
S. Porter,
A neat meeting-house was erected
in the
southern
1843^9
1851-53
1874.
N. D. Williamson, 1850-51
part of the hamlet, in which mission services have since
Edwin Holmes, 1853-59
John W. Schenck, C. S. Mead, 1859N. H. Vanarsdale,
been held by Father J. J. Brennan, of the

parish.
New Lebanon
70; James B. Campbell, 1870-73;
Missionary services are also held at Chatham village and
The
present eldere are Peter Gardenier, Jacob S.
New,
Maiden Bridge by the Protestant Episcopal church.

the former place the services were
first
At
at at
Martin C. Garner, William C. Bailey, J. Wesley Jones.
held Feb. 3, 1873,
Deacons
Wm.
H. Ten Broeck, John K. Pierce, Henry Howland.

consists of one
by the Rev. James H. Smith.

present
number eighteen
are
at
The communicants Chatham village, and eight
C. Pierson, William B.
The congregation
hundred
families
one
Maiden Bridge, and
under the ministerial care of the
hundred and seventy communicants.
Rev. Joseph Hooper, rector of the
New Lebanon
parish.
THE MILITABY BISTORT.
THE REFORMED CHCTRCH OP CHATHAM VILLAGE.*

In the spring of 1842, Rev. Richard Sluyter, of Claverack, addressed a
From
the
pension-list
of 1840 we learn
Lester,
that
Isaac
Breman, James Simpson, Guy
Hosea Birge, Edin the Revolution.
communication
to the classis
of Rensselaer
ward Loy, and Harvey Gaylord served
at their spring session,
on the subject of establishing a

Corners.
The names of
the town.
others are mentioned
among
at
the settlers of
missionary station at
Chatham Four
After a
full
discussion of the matter the classis appointed a committee,
Concord in 1825, served three years on board the " Constitution," and
In the late
Joshua Palmer, who died
New
of which Mr. Sluyter was chairman, to visit the ground,
rendered other naval service.

civil
and report concerning the examined
feasibility
of the place.
Having
committee
war Chatham made a good
record.
into the probabilities of success, the
special
meeting was held, July, 1864, when
resolutions
reported favorably, and the classis resolved to procure a
were passed authorizing a large bounty, whereby eighty-five
preacher to occupy the grounds.
Mr. E.
S.
Porter (now
men were
men,
call
procured to
fill
the
call for five
hundred thousand
Dr. Porter, of Brooklyn), having been recently licensed, was

prevailed upon to accept the appointment.
at a cost to the
also
town of 343,640.
The subsequent
list
was
promptly met.
all
The
military
of the county
He
accordingly came to
Chatham Four
Corners, and
shows the names of
the resident soldiers in the service

oflice.
commenced preaching thereon
the 1st of September, 1842.

for the purpose.
credited to the town in the adjutant-general's
district school-house
was used
On
the
27th of October, 1842, Mr. Porter was ordained as an

evangelbt, and continued his labors, although no church
was
instituted.
But
it
pleased
God
that his cause should
be established there, and a small number of believers were
found willing
flock.
to
come forward and be united
HORACE WHITE PEASLEE
was born on the 4th of November, 1807,
in
into a distinct
Accordingly, on the 22d of January, 1843, Rev.

C.
John
Van
Dervoort, of Mellenville, as one of the committee
the town of
of classis appointed for the purpose, came and organized

a church
New
tors
Lebanon, Columbia Co., N. Y.
His paternal ances-
by the appointment and ordination of Martin

;
were English, while those on his mother's side were a

Irish.
Mesick and Peter Gardenier, elders

son, deacon
;
and John
S.
Wilkin-
mixture of English and
The former emigrated
to
and the church was organized under the style
this country at an early time,

father, settling at
Ebenezer Peaslee, his grandDutchess Co., N. Y., and

in
and
title
of the " First Reformed Protestant Dutch Church
Quaker
Hill, in
of Chatham."
subscription for building a church, or
two brothers, who came over with him, settling

cinity of Boston.
the vi-
house for divine worship, was commenced September, 1842,
One of them was
killed at the battle
of
and a contract
for building the
same was formed on the
Bunker
Buell.
Hill.
Mr. Peaslee's maternal grandmother was a

early period of the settlement of the country
At an
''
Cy Rev. N. U. Vanarsdale.
one of her brothers was captured and killed by the Indians,
//yA
/:
/r///
i^',.
jo
t.

whose barbarous mode of execution consisted
death.
in filling his
NEW
YORK.
297
of Mr. Peaslee, inclnding his mills and residence, separated
body with pine-knots, and by that means burning him
to
by
a fine iron brii'ge
spanning the stream just below the
beautiful and
Jephthah Peaslee, the father of Horace White Peaslee,

was the
first
whole length
the constant
of the family
in
who
settled in
Columbia county.
to
unbmken sheet of water, which rolls over the of the dam like a flashing crystal cylinder, to murmur of its own music, have been fitted
of improvement at great
He
was born
at
Dutchess county, and removed thence
up and put
expense.
in their present state
Chatham,
born
what date we are not informed.

the town of Chatham.
He
married
children,
for his first wife Lois

all
Weed, by whom he had nine
In the
fall
of 1846, Mr. Peaslee commenced the manu-
in
Of
this large family,
facture of paper in
firm so continued
terest to
Orra,
now
is
residing at Medina, Orleans Co., eighty-six years
of age,
the only surviving member.

for his second wife
company with Samuel Hanna, and the 1857, when Mr. Hanna sold his inJames Benson, his nephew. The firm then became
till
Mr. Peaslee married
Anna
Patrick,
Peaslee
&
Benson, which
it
remained
till
October, 1860,
and by
this
marriage had ten children, several of

William, Robert, and Horace
living.
till
whom
all
when Mr.
Peaslee bought out Mr. Benson, and has since
died young.
this family
W.
are
of
remained sole proprietor.
Since the commencement of these
now
operations the business has been more than doubled.
The
Horace
W.
Peaslee was reared on a farm
seventeen
present average product of the mills
is
about twenty tons
years of age, and became thoroughly versed in every de-
of wrapping-paper and boards per week.
partment of practical agriculture.
From
a boy he was
Mr. Peaslee
is
one of the most thorough-going business
characterized by great energy and thoroughness in whatever
men
in tlie State. in
His
losses
have been heavy
at
one time
he undertook, and his advantages of early education, though

limited to the
and another,
dollars,
one instance involving a hundred thousand

spirit
common
schools, were well

to
improved.
At
doing
his
but his energy and
have always been equal
to
the age of ten he began
work out
for a living,
such emergencies, and he has risen from his disasters with

fresh courage, only to assert
such service as boys of that age could perform.
From
a
more vigorously
his indomitable
natural force and activity of temperament, he was able to
energy and that irrepressible persistence and enterprise for
do a man's work long before

and
estate.
he'
had arrived at
his
man's age
he
which he
ness he
is
is
noted.
In addition to his manufacturing busi-
Part of the
time during
boyhood
carrying on a large farm of three hundred and
worked nights and mornings

school,
for his board while attending
fifty acres, all
under his own personal supervision, together

calls
and when
at
home
assisted his father,
who was
with the multitudinous

business and in the
upon
his time
and attention
in
hatter by occupation.
aflFairs
of the neighborhood.
He
still is
At
the age of seventeen he went to learn the trade of
finds time to be courteous

liberal
and obliging
all
to all callers,
and
millwright, and soon becoming a machinist, entered into
and public-spirited towards
enterprises for the
partnership with Samuel
Hanna
Co.,
in a
foundry and machinein

till
general welfare, a patron of charities, schools, and churches.
shop
at
Valatie,
Columbia
N. Y., and continued
He
takes great pleasure in seeing everything improved and

to a
that business, under the firm-name of
Hanna
&
Peaslee,
brought up
high standard, and the thought and en-
1843.
erty, at
The
firm then purchased the
Maiden Bridge propCo., consisting

grist
ergy of his active mind and will are constantly brought

into requisition
terests
Maiden Bridge, Chatham, Columbia

and a
tore
to conserve
is
and advance the various
in-
at that time of an old cabinet-shop

mill.
ill
and saw-
with which he
concerned.
Few men,
especially
They 1845-46
down the
grist-mill
and cabinet-shop, and

brick structure,
at his present age,
have such an aptitude for business and
built the present paper-mill, a
work, and such powei's of Adurance, both mental and

physical.
three stories in height, thirty-eight by sixty-eight feet, to
which other buildings have been added,

house,
office,
;
to wit, a
feet,
boiler-
Mr. Peaslee was married

Rensselaer Co., N. Y.
in
January, 1832,
to
Ann
Car-
etc.,
twenty-six by forty-six
and two
penter, daughter of Dexter Carpenter, of Brainard's Bridge,
stories high
a scale-house and tool-room, twenty-six by
Her
grandfather, Oliver Carpenter,

settled at
thirty
feet; engine-shop, for repairs, thirty

feet in
slate
by forty
feet;
came from Rhode Island and
Brainard's Bridge
and bleach-house, forty by forty

these
dimensions.
roofs except
All
the
among
noted
the pioneers of that locality.
He
married Joanna
buildings are
covered with
is
Ballon, a
descendant of Hosea Ballou, of Boston, the

preacher, and had a family of eight
blacksmith-shop, which
roofed with gravel.
Connected
Universalist
with the paper-mill by an arch of masonry under the road,

there
is
children,
two sons
He
in
and six daughters.
He
followed the
on the opposite side a machine-room for making

is
pursuit of an agriculturist, in which he attained considerable
paper, the main building of which

feet,
thirty-six
by ninety
is
wealth.
died in 1845, aged
ninety-four years.
hiving a
linter
on each end, one of which
twentythirty-
His wife died
1832.
in
in
two by thirty-four
six feet, the
feet,
and the other twenty-six by

slate
Dexter Carpenter was born
1774, in Rhode Island.

the year 1800, and had
main building being roofed with

creek here, which
and the
He
married Drusilla Kelley,
linters with tin.
twelve children,
seven
is
sons and five daughters,
five
of
The Kinderhook
entire width,
solid walls of
lars.
forms the water-
power, has been improved by a costly
dam extending
many thousand
its
whom are living New York.

Mrs. Peaslee
at this writing,
and reside
in
the State of
and the bunks made permanently secure by

masonry which have
cost
dol-
connected with a large and highly-reis
spected family, and
highly esteemed for her
own
personal
The
premises about the house are terraced up from

Altogether, the premises
attainments and character by a large circle of friends and

acquaintances.
similar substantial stone walls.
298
NEW
YORK.
MRS. DANIEL REED.
O^^^^^T-^^^
ycJi^-^-a^
Katy M. Walker, daughter of James Walker, of Chatham.
Their marital relations were blessed with two children,
daughter and a son,
DANIEL REED
was born on the homestead now occupied by bis son, Piiineas D. Reed, in the town of Chatham, Columbia Co., His ancestors were of English N. Y., March 9, 1801. John Reed, the first of the family in America, descent.
viz.
Carrie,
now Mrs. John H. Rowe,

his father's
of North Chatham
and Phineas D. Reed,
successor on the old homestead.
Daniel Reed was an active and enterprising farmer,
fol-
removed from England, and
settled in
Abington, Mass.,
lowing that occupation through

lican in
politics,
life.
He was
a Repub-
whence the descendants scattered over different portions of Gershom Reed, the grandfather of the United States. Daniel Reed, was born in Dutchess county, March 10,
1749, and removed
to
and held several town
offices,
being a
member
1859.
of the board of supervisors in 1851, 1852, and
He
departed this
life
on the 12th of June, 1877,
Chatham
in
1791, locating on the
in the seventy-seventh
year of his age.
Mrs. Reed, whose
farm
now owned by Tabor Parks.
He
here reared a
likeness appears with his, above, was born Sept. 11, 1807,
family of seven sons and three daughters.
He
died July
and lived with her husband
in married life over fifty years.

is
27, 1829, aged eighty years, four months, and seventeen

days.
She
still
survives him, and
remarkably active for one of
His
wife,
Jerusha, was born Jan. 3, 1751, and
her age and feeble health.
died Oct. 17, 1831, aged seventy-nine years, eleven months,
Phineas D. Reed was born March 16, 1839, and was

married,
and fourteen days.

Phine;\s Reed, the father of Daniel Reed, was the fourth
June
1,
1858, to Phebe A. Rowe, daughter of
George L. Rowe, of Chatham, who was born Sept. 23,

1838.
and was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., June 18, 1775. was a farmer by occupation, and married Abigail Mills, daughter of John Mills, of Chatham, by whom he had
son,
They have
four children, born respectively as
fol-
He
lows: Carrie D. Reed, Jan. 26,

Sept. 11,
1863; Fannie
is
S.
1862; George L. Reed, Reed, Sept. 25, 1872; Mattie
five children,
two sons
and three daughters.

his family
year or
A. Reed, March 13, 1875.
two
after
his marriage
he purchased the present home-
Mr. Reed
of Chatham.
one of the prominent farmers of the town
stead, on
which he reared
His
and resided
till
his
death, which occurred Dec. 19, 1817, aged forty-two years
and six months.

1824.
wife, Abigail
Reed, died Sept. 25,

militia,
DAVID RAY
was born
in
Phineas Reed was a captain of
and a man
the town of Chatham, Columbia Co., N. Y.,
highly esteemed by his townsmen.

Daniel
Reed was brought up
as farmers' boys usually
Ninth month 18, 1804, and has always resided there. He is the son of Francis Ray, who was born on the island of
Nantucket, Mass., Ninth month 17, 1776.
are in the country, receiving his education at the

schools.
age,
common
for
till
The family
His father died when he was sixteen years of

in
were of Scotch descent.
and he was placed
charge
of the farm
his
David Ray was married

of Fifth month, 1831.
mother, under the direction of his grandfather,

other heirs became of age,
in the estate
the
to Lydia M. Anthony, the 5th She was the daughter of Daniel
when he bought
their interest
and became
full
possessor of the homestead.

in
Anthony, of Saratoga, N. Y., who was born at Dartmouth, His family were of English Mass., First month 2, 1776.
descent.
On
the 8th of November, 1826, he was united
marriage
to
DAVfD
Ray
ff.AlUJ CMAHfAW ^lUACg.H
^rs.Davio Ray
Residence OF DAVID RAY, ffAYviLLC, Chatham, W.y.
^7^'.
a.
taiKTi tLnr^'Uk
Fa
Residzhcl or WILLIAM IRISH, /vIaldcn Bridge, ColumbmCo, NY
Maloen Bridge ^ÎLLS,^ Property
own<o sr
H.W.
^^^'o^^^^^rTms:^
^**fe

In early
life liis
NEW
YORK.
209
educational advantages were very limited,
R., daughter of
in
is
being such only as were afforded by the low standard of

the
Norfolk, Va., Twelfth

Springfield,
111.
John and Jeanette (Taylor) Sutton, born month 7, 1832. His residence
His
press,
life
common
schools of that day.
eager for knowledge, and by his

self
But he possessed a mind own exertions made him-
has been spent chiefly

in
in
con-
nection with
State.
the
and
the. public service of the
thoroughly conversant with the progressive, practical,
general knowledge of the times, so that there were but few

subjects not of an
Francis
life
H. Ray, born Fourth month
5,
1835.
His
abstruse character which had not re-
was spent principally as an educator, and the
later por-
ceived his careful attention.

read,
Later
in
life
he has thought,
tion as a
merchant
in the city
of
New
York.
and
reflected
much upon
the problems which occupy
this life First
month
IS, 1862, in the city of
He departed New York.

His
the greatest minds of the ago, and few

poraries are better qualified
to
among
his contem-
Albert D. Ray, born Twelfth month 13, 1836.

early
life
pass a critical
judgment
in
was spent
as an educator,
and the remainder as a

of
upon them. same

line
Bred
to the
occupation of a mechanic,
his
the
merchant, with his brother,

departed this
life
in the city
New
in
York.
He
which had been pursued by

it
ancestors for
Third month 10, 1860,
the city of
several generations,
for a livelihood
;
was his intention
to follow his trade at
New
York.
;
but soon after arriving
manhood he
changed
suit
this purpose
and became a merchant, which purfair
William A. Ray. born Second month 17, 1845 married Ninth month 8, 1870, Lucy W., daughter of Asa Shepherd, of Saratoga, N. V.
culture.
he followed with u
share of success for half a cen-
His occupation
is
that of agri7,
tury.
The
latter portion
of his business years he was also
Lucy, his
wife,
was born Seventh month
1831.
testi-
interested in agricultural pursuits.
This sketch would be incomplete without bearing

is
In his religious convictions he
earnest and decided.

its
He made
bility to
choice of his religious faith because of
adapta-
mony to she who
the excellent character and
womanly
qualities of
has been
Mr. Ray's companion for nearly half a
the needs of man.
From
early
life
he became
century, and to whose amiable disposition, wise counsel,
convinced of the doctrines promulgated by the religious

society of Friends,
ples taught
and good judgment he
is
proud
to
attribute
much of
life.
his
and of
tlie
great and paramount princi-
by Fox, Penn, and their coadjutors,
obedience
;
happiness and no small share of his success iu
to the light of Christ in the soul of
man
as sufficient for
saving grace
best rule of
opposition
to
all
wars and fightings
the
life,
" Peace on earth and good-will to men."

life,
WILLIAM
Mr.
that
Iri.sh is
IRISH.
In
all
the varied relations of

it is
ious,
social,
moral, and relig-
a representative of the second generation of resided on the homestead near
safe to say that
he has striven to perform his

to his ability
name who have

in
Maiden
duty among men according

tions of right
and best convic-
Bridge, in the town of Chatham, Columbia Co., N. Y.
The
was
and justice.
It has been a
maxim with him,
house
which he was born, Aug.
9,
1801, and which has
"
Whoever
is
willing to labor can always find something to
since undergone several alterations and improvements,

erected by his father,
latter
do," and this he has seen often exemplified in the case of

earnest, industrious
Amos
Irish, in the
Hill,
year 1800.
in
The
1795,
sources.
young men thrown upon their own reThey have proven that " where there is a will
risen
to stations of
came
from
Quaker
Dutchess Co.,
where he was born about the commencement of the Revolution.
there
in
it
is
a way," and have not only found employment, but

responsibility
He
reared his family on this farm, consisting of
have
and honor.
nine children out of eleven, the original
number born
She died
in
to
This doctrine becomes of especial interest now, when there

are so
him and Deborah (Steves)

1824, and Mr. Irish
of the estate.
Irish,
whom
he married on the
in
many tramps excusing

the
last to
tliem.selves
for
idleness on
second farm west of the present homestead.

in
the ground that they cannot find employment.
While Mr.
to-
1846, leaving William
possession
Ray would be
wards
be uncharitable or unhelpful
He was
brought up
to
the occupation of
this class of persons,
he would nevertheless strenu-
farming, and received his education at the
common
schools,
ously inculcate the doctrine that
many of
if
tliem might find
marrying, April 16, 1828, Harriet M. Ludington, daughter

of Samuel
employment
in
some honest occupation
they were really
Ludington, of Kinderhook.
She was born
in
willing to work.
Delhi, Delaware Co.,

father settled in
N. Y., January 18, 1809, and her

in
An
lias
ardent devotee of the science of pomology, Mr. R.iy
Kinderhook
1812, where he died on his
exerted a large influence in that direction.
The
public
eighty-fourth birthday, February 6, 1861.
Her mother's
in
are
much
indebted to him for the dissemination of new

varieties of fruits in the neighborhood.
maiden name was Sarah

1779.
Degrofi",
born at Quaker Hill in
and choice
Few,
if
Her
father was born in

Irish
Woodbury, Conn.,
1777.
any, in the town have accomplished
more
full
in
this respect
Mr. and Mrs. William

five
have had seven children,
than he.
temporal
In the erection of buildings, according to his

ability,
of
whom
are living at the date of this writing (June,

is
liis
he has also done his
share to improve
1878).
Mr. Irish
life
Democrat
in
politics,
but he has
and beautify the neighborhood.
In the economy of time
lived a quiet
on
farm,
filling several
minor oSices of
he has been ardently laborious, and has rarely found leisure
trust to
which he has been

fidelity,
called
by
his
townsmen with
from the constant demands made upon him by.the evernear and varied interests of the ago.
credit
and
and enjoying the esteem and confidence

This highly-n s]icctcd
in
cciu|)le,
of
all
who know him.
who
His mariUil relations were blessed by the birth of four

sons,
have lived over half a century
wedlock, sh.iring each
Daniel
A.
Ray, born Eighth
month 21, 1838;
other's joys and sorrows, celebrated their golden

.\pril 16,
wedding
married at White Plains, Ninth month 30, 1856, Phila
1S7S.
300

JOEL
H.
NEW
He
YORK.
then removed to Chatham, in the same
ANGELL.
is
of six years.
deState,
The Angell
family
is
of English extraction, and
where he
until
also
pursued farming, and where he
re-
scended from Thomas Angell,
who was
in
born in England,
mained
he died on Feb. 10, 1838.
His wife died on
about the year 1618.
In 1631 he came to this country in

the ship " Lion," and
life,
Oct. 2, 1825, at
company with Roger Williams,

landed at Boston.
Providence, R.
Chatham. John Angell, second child of Joshua Angell, and the

John-
He
passed an eventful
and died
left
at
father of Joel H. Angell, was born in the town of

son, in the State of
I., in
the year 1695.
He
has
a large
Rhode
in
Island, on
in
Aug. 20, 1794.

connection
He
number of
States,
descendants,
in
and especially
who live in all Rhode Island.
parts of the
United
passed his early

father.
life
farming
with his
On
Jan. 20, 1820, he married
Amy
A. Harger, he had
Ezekiel Angell, the great-grandfather of the subject of

this sketch,
daughter of Joseph Harger, of Chatham, by

seven children, of
whom
was a Baptist minister at Sniithfield and North
whom
six
reached years of maturity,
Providence, in the State of
Rhode
Island.
He
also en-
namely, Edwin, Joel H., Daniel,

Eliza.
Emma, Mary, and Ann

of
village,
gaged
in
the business of iron-milling and
farming.
On
These children are
still
living, within a scope
July 29, 1745, he married Ruth Sprague, of Rhode Island, by whom he had nine children, of whom but six reached
the age of maturity. 27, 1782.
nine miles of each other, near
Chatham
N. Y.
In 1830, Mr. Angell purchased of his father the homestead farm at
He
died in
Rhodo
Island on Sept.
Chatham, where he continued to farm

years.
for a
period of forty-eight
village of
He
still
then removed
to
the
Joshua, the third son of Ezekiel, and grandfather of our

subject, was
Chatham, where he
resides.
He
has been acfifty
29, 1760.
bom at He was
Smithfield, in
Rhode
Island, on
March
offices
tively connected with the
Methodist church for
years.
a saddle and harness-maker by trade,

filled diflferent
His wife died on
May
is
11, 1874, at
owned
a store at Smithfield, and
town
Joel H. Angell
the
fifth
Chatham village. child of John Angell, and

Chatham.
in that place.
He
served as a soldier in the Revolutionary
was born on Oct. 27, 1828,

early life on his father's
at
He
passed his
war, and was a
member of
the expedition of
Sullivan to
farm, enjoyed the benefits of a

at the
Rhode
R.
I.,
Island.
After the close of the war he went to

to
common-school education, and finished
Kinderhook
Vermont, but shortly returned
the town of Johnson,
Academy.
where he married Mehitabie Manton, by

one of
whom
he
On May
31, 1855, he married Catherine, daughter of
had
five children,
whom
died in infancy, the remain-
Peter A. Gardenier, of the town of Kinderhook.
On
ing two sons and two daughters attaining adult age. He was actively identified with the militia of the State of Rhode Island, was colonel of a regiment, and known
through
life
March 31, 1856, he purchased the farm where he now resides, and engaged in farming on his own account. His farm consists of one hundred and twelve acres of beaatiful
and productive land.
and
its
by the appellation of " colonel."

engaged
view of his pleasant residence
In 1807. Joshua Angell removed to the town of Kinder-
surroundings, together with portraits of himself

this work.
hook, N. Y., where
lie
in
farming for the period
and wife, may be seen on another page of
RESIDENCE
OF
J H ANGELL Chatham
N Y
^^4
Z CffTE &.CO hi
LAfA
Residence or JOHN
BLUNT, Ch>itham.Colum8mCo,NY,
NEW LEBANON.
New Lebanon
was erected from Canaan, according
to
their lands
by an
as
act of the Legislature,
which authorized
an act of April 21, 1818, which provided for the division of that town into two equal parts, thus giving the new town an area of twenty thousand nine hundred and
acres.
fifty-five
the appointment of
Rensselaer
Henry Oathouds and Jeremiah Van commission to adjust the claims. The
in
unclaimed lands were sold

Eleazer Grant,
behalf of the grantees to
Its
name was derived from Lebanon, Conn., and

district.
was bestowed upon the eastern part of the town while yet
belonging to King's
deed bears dat
John Darling, and Samuel Jones. The August 23, 1788. These parties in turn
The western
it is
part was called
sold the lands to settlers at about fifty cents per acre.
The
but
re-
New
town
Britain,
is
by which term
yet locally known.
The
" Six-Miles-Square" tract, sold

to
by the Stockbridge Indians

this
located in the extreme northeast part of the county,

its
Asa Douglas,
it
in
1758, also extended into

it
town
in the
form of a rectangle,
length extending from east

is
as
encroached upon former claims,
was generally
to west.
The
fine
general surface
intervals.
in
mountainous and
line
hilly,
is
garded as invalid.
Along the
eastern line, extending from
but with
Along the eastern
the
half a mile to a mile westward, was a tract of land claimed
Taghkanic range,
the form of foot-hills of the loftier
by the " Colony of Massachusetts Bay," the former boundary being west of the principal part of the village of Leba-
Berkshire mountains, several miles distant.

generally cultivated to the summit, and
The
hills are
those having a
originally
non Springs.
southern exposure are very
fertile.
They were
The
present line of the town was established, after some
covered with a light growth of the

birch,
common
hard timber,
first settled
contention in the courts, in 1786.
The
lands lying between
and occasional evergreens, and were the
these bounds were disposed of by grants from the general
portions of the town.
The
valleys,
and especially along

in
court of Massachusetts to Charles (Goodrich, Gideon King,
the streams, were more densely wooded, there being
Jarvis
some
localities
heavy
forests of pine.
their beauty
and productive nature.
They are noted for The soil is a clayey

well,
was
the
for three
fall
Mudge, and Ephraim Keyes. The latter's grant hundred acres, in 1765, and was located in
of that year by James Lord, a surveyor, in the
the
Springs,
loam, a loam mixed with schistic gravel, or a loam and disintegrated slate.
neighborhood of
ThLs
tract,
including
that
property.
east-
The
cereals yield
and herbs and
and
a portion of
Keyes' patent, extending
garden-seeds are cultivated to great perfection.

cipal
The
prin-
ward, was purchased by

Charles
John Wadharas.
the
Subsequently
property,
stream
is
Wyomanock
creek, having a general westerly
Goodrich purchased
it
Springs
and
course, north of the centre of the town,
and emptying
its
subdivided
first
into building-lots,
upon which houses were

others.
in
waters into the Kinderhook.

tributary to the creek, and
There are a number of brooks
erected by
Andrew Shumway and
numerous springs abound.
The
which
It is this
supposed thit the. first white
man
town came
to
celebrated thermal spring, a

will
more
detailed notice of
is
locality in the
summer of 1756.
Conn.
This was
James
be found on a subsequent page,
in
the northeastern
Hitchcock, a captain in the British army, whose
command
part of the town.
was then stationed

was made
at Hartford,
He
was the victim
portion of the present town was included in the Rensit
of a disease which had baffled the skill of his physicians,
selaerswyck, but
appears that
little
effort
to
and which rendered

ing his ing in
hither,
his life miserable.
The Indians
visit-
niiintain the claim in this direction, probably on account of
the hilly nature of the country, until

settlement.
many
years after
its
camp representing a warm spring in
that he might be cured by bath-
the wilderness, he followed them

benefit
and experienced much
from
the waters.
On
Van
tract
the 4th of August, 1743, Stephen Bayard,

Rensselaer,
John B.
Others visited the town soon
after,
and
Cornelius
Van
Schaack, Johannes Vos-
burgh, and Jacob
Van
Rensselaer
were grunted a large
THE PERMANENT SETTLEMENT

followed in the course of a few years.
of land, located chiefly in the western part of the
John Wadhams
town and along the Wyomanock.
No
attempt was made
was the
of the
the
first to settle in first
the northeastern part, and was one
by these grantees
Revolution.
to
enforce their claim until after the
in
the town.
He was
led into this locality in
Many
settlers
had squatted upon the lands
meantime, and the

bitter feeling
efforts to dispossess
them caused much
and provoked some
resistance.
surveying-
party, sent in
settlers
nicitts.
by Van Schaack, was dispersed by a party of
disguised as Indians,
It
is
who destroyed
their
instru-
summer of 1762, while hunting his cattle, which had strayed from his new home in Berkshire, Mass. He was so well pleased with the appearance of the new country that he made it his home in 1764, settling on what is now the Elijah Bagg place. This land wa.s afterwards granted
to
said that Joii;itlian .Muidock acted as chief of

(iiles
Epluaiin Kcycs, from
whom Wadharas
purchased
years.
it,
this party,
settlers
and that
Lowdon broke
the compass.
The
to
and remained identified with the town many

said that
It is
were afterwards enabled to obtain good
titles
when the Alassachusetts boutidary was
adjusted,
3Ui
302

found
his
NEW
YORK.
families.
Wadhams
th at State.
house a few rods across the
line in
and the Davis and Haight

towards
Eastward and north

Gay, who built the
mill,
Vowing York, he summoned
that he would not live outside of

his neighbors to his aid
State.
New
New Lebanon
settled
George Comwell, Zalmon
and moved his
Skinner, Aaron and Uriah Betts,

first
Wm.
house into the Empire
little
southwest settled
a mill
frame house in town, near the Shaker
Thomas
Jurvis Mudge, an active business man,
who put up
Avery, Thomas Bowman, Peter Plum, and several members

of the Patterson family.
near the Springs, and made other substantial improvements.
Lieutenant
Mudge was one
of the most prominent Whigs,
At New Lebanon, Moses King was one

inent settlers.
of the
first
promciti-
and took
district.
a conspicuous part in the early affairs of
King's
A
is
son John became one of the leading
His children joined the Shakers. One of the most prominent .early settlers
zens of the county, and represented this district in Congress.

in the
southern
of large
His homestead
place.
at present
known
as the
Henry A. Tilden
part of the town was Matthew Adgate, a
man
mind and the

Congress
in
delegate of the district in the
Provincial
The mountain in that locality was formerly known by his name. One of his daughters married Major Lord, of Canaan. One of Adgate's contemporaries
1776.
son of
The Tilden family came to this locality about 1785. A John Tilden, Elam, married a daughter of Major
a
Samuel Jones,
prominent
P4xrly settler at this point.
Elam men
in
Tilden succeeded to his father-in-law's business, and became
was Elisha
Gilbert.
At
the beginning of the Revolutionary
noted as one the most sagacious and enterprising

the county.
struggle, Gilbert raised a
company, went
to war,
and came
His sons were Moses Y., Samuel
J., the dis-
is
home bearing the rank of major. His home was in what now known as Lebanon Centre, where he had mills and a large farm. The family was for many years one of the
in
tinguished ex-governor, and Henry A.,

citizen of the town.
who
is
yet a leading
In the Springs neighborhood, Gideon

tract of land at an early day,
King had
a large
most prominent
the town.
Not
far
from him was the

a
some time about 1790, which
home of
pany
Elijah Bostwick, also the
commander of
com-
passed into the hands of Samuel Hand, a

habits.
in the
Revolution.
He
reared five sons, William,
man of peculiar The descendants of Hand have become a large and

Eleazer Grant was also a
Levi, Elijah, Ichabod, and Daniel.
John C. Bostwick, a
Lebanon.
as the
respectable family. erable prominence.

tional politics,
man
of considna-
son of Elijah, Jr., yet resides in
New
Farther
A son of his became distinguished in
down
the creek, on what

place, lived
is
now known
John H.
and represented a
district in the western part
Adams
among
erty and real estate, which gave

his
John Darling, the owner of mill prophim a prominent place townsmen. Bogardus Hatch settled in the same
of the State in Congress.
John
1806.
Bull became a permanent settler at the Springs in
He was
a native of the State of Connecticut,

in
and
neighborhood after the war, in which he served.

six sons,
He
reared
was commissioned a lieutenant
Colonel Henry Knox's
who were remarkable

good
for their tallness as well as
Regiment of
Artillery in 1776.
In 1777 he was appointed
for their
qualities as citizens.
Jacob Cole had

as "
also
" director of the laboratory of the northern department" of
settled here at an early day,
but abandoned his land and
the American forces, and superintended the putting up of
moved
farther east to
in
what was known
West
Hill,"
the ammunition used in the engagements which resulted in the surrender of Burgoyne.
where he died
1849, aged one hundred and six years.
One of
his sons, also
named
Jonathan Murdock and Abner Doubleday, who were with
John, after a few years of seafaring

in
life settled
at the Springs
Mad Anthony Wayne

settled in this locality.
at the
storming of Stony Point, also

latter
1798.
In 1821 he was appointed a justice of the peace,

his ten years' service married nearly
The
was the grandfather of

Others
and during
500
couples,
General Abner Doubleday, of Fort Sumter fame.
many of whom
Hampton
of
its
had come from Massachusetts.
In 1834 he of his sons,

town, one
here at an early day were Jonathan Owen, Daniel Green,
became a judge, and served three terms.

C.,
One
Ichabod Rowley, Celah Abbott, Flavcl Booge, Jonathan

Mott,
was born
in
1814, and yet

citizens.
lives in
Amos
Broad, David Horton, Joseph Bailey, John
most widely-known
Gillet,
Smith, Eleazer Wells, Peicg Spencer, Freeborn Mattison,

Captain
John
bert's
to
who
served as a lieutenant in Captain Gilalso
Hunter, Spencer
Jr.,
Carr,
Abram Seward, Samuel

It
is
company, was
one of the early
settlers,
removing
Hand,
Abel Wright, and Nathan Farrington.

first
Vermont about 1800.
Among
his sons
were Freeman,
H., became
iis
said that the
Shaker meeting
in
town was held
at the
Nathan, and Jeremiah.
grandson,
Ransom
house of the
society.
last
named, and that Farrington joined that

part of the
noted as the biographer of Silas Wright, and
a distin-
guished congres.sman from the
St.
Lawrence
district.
In
In the western
town settlement was
first
the later years of his
life
he returned to
New
Lebanon,
made by
of that
man named Van Deusen, who had
followed up
where he died a few years ago.

Silas
Dr. Moses Youiiglove, Rev.
the Kinderhook to that point.
Gale Bigelow and others
Churchill, Samuel Johnson, and Joseph

settlers, are
Meacham,
is
name also came early and made substantial improvements. Gile Lowden and Norman Sackett followed, and
descendants of both families yet reside
in
eminent early
elsewhere noted.
Otheis of early
yet
prominence were Caleb Hull, whose son, Henry Hull,

living,
the same locality.
one of the most aged
men
of the county,
Ives,
Noah
and
Samuel and Joseph Sails, Jo.shua Fellows, Andrew Snyder, Samuel Wheeler, Moses Cowles, and Samuel Moflatt were
Wheaton, R. Treat, Aaron Kibbie, Merchant

David Darrow.
among
the other pioneers.
The town
in
settled very rapidly, first on the hilly lands

flats,
and
Among other
S.
prominent eariy settlers

Gale,
S.
New
Britain were
then on the
gradually abandoning the former until but

first
John Wadsworth, Neliemiah

Shcnnan,
J.
John Budlong, Roger

Stephen Saxtoii,
few remained where they

fifty
settled.
The population
In 1875 there
Spier,
Wm.
Ilerrick,
years ago was greater than at present.

were eleven
NEW
YORK.
303
hundred and eighty-four males and twelve

in town.

Roger Jones. Jonathan D. Elmore. William Spier. Frederick Waterman. John Bull, Jr. Royal Terry. Joshua Fellows. William Spier. John Bull, Jr. Larry Patrick.
Spencer Carr. Stephen Norton.
hundred and seventy-one females
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
In pursuance of an act of the Senate and Assembly,
passed April 21, 1818, organizing the town of
anon, the
first
Henry B. Crippin. Marvin Sackett. 1853. Henry B. Crippin. 1854. Henry R. Wood. 1855. Joseph Adams. 1856. Lawrence Van Deusen.
1852.
New
Leb-
Sylvester P. Gilbert.
1857.
annual meeting was held April
6,
1819, at
Henry B. Crippen.
Nathaniel Bishop.
Aurelius Webster.
the house of Isaac Everest,
when
the election proceeded with
the following effect: Supervisor,
John King; Town
Clerk,
1858. Nathaniel Bishop.

1859. Joseph H. Clark.
Robert M. Bailey
William Bailey
;
Assessors, Abial Mosher, Isaac Everest,

Collector,
George Landon
;
Constables,
Norman
Sackett, George
Landon
;
Overseers of the Poor,
Paul Roberts. Larry Patrick.
1860.
Marvin Sackett. Edwin Kendall.
William Spiers, Peleg Spencer
Commissioners of Roads,
Henry Hull, Peter Barker, John Budlong; Commissioners

of Schools, Larry Patrick, William Bailey, Isaac Everest
Inspectors of Schools, Harry Peirce, Jeremiah Gilleti, Robert
Harry Cornwell. John Bull, Jr. 1831. Ira Hand. Stephen Norton.
1832. Paul Roberts.
1801. Aurelius Webster. 1862. Nathaniel Bishop.
1863.
Edwin Kendall. Edward Thomson.

Marvin Sherman.
1864. Elihu Kirby. 1865.
1833.
Owen Ticknor.
M.
Bailey,
Norman
Sackett,
Edward A. Beach, John

oflB-
1834. Allen S. Wheeler.
Hampton
losiah
C. Bull,
Budlong.
From
cei"s
the
first
:
meeting to the present the principal
have been
Hand. 1836. William Ashby. 1837. Ira Sherman.

1835. Ira
H. Reed.
B. Crippen.
1867.
Henry
1868.

Supem'sors.
1869. Silas
Hampton C. Bull. W. Gillet.

Tabor H. Roberts.
1S19
18211
John King.
"
Town Clerks. Robert M. Bailey.
1821
1822
18211
1824 1325 1826 1827 1828 1829

18:i0
" " " " George Corn well.

" "
John M. Barnes. Hand. Sherman. 1841. John M. Barnes.

1839. Ira 1840. Ira
1870. Daniel C. Warner.
1871.
Hampton
C. Bull.
1872. William Chandler.
George Cornwell.
1842. Allen S. Wheeler. 1843. Ira
Hampton
1873.
C. Bull.
Harry Peirce.
Peter Barker. Isaac Everest. Peter Barker.
Hand. Wadsworth.
B. Crippen.
Tabor M. Roberta.
E. G. Finch.
1844. Ebenezcr
John King.
Jolin Bull, Jr.
18;n 1832
18.i:{
H. Tobey. John King. John Kirby. Harry Cornwell.

"
Wm.
Harry
Peirce.
1845.
Henry Henry
1874. Silas
W.
Gillet.
B. Crippen.
1875. 1376.
Isaac T. Haight.
Isaac T. Haight.
Peter Barker. Sylvester P. Gilbert. Erastus Patterson.
1847. Ira
Hand.
1848. Dennis Lewis.

1849. Richard Smith.
Hampton C. Bull. Edward G. Finch.

Orville Finch.
John
"
Bull, Jr.
Fred.
W.
Everest.
1877. Barnas B. Smith.
18:U IShb 1SS6 1837 1838

18.39
Walter Sherville.
1850. Allen 1851.
S.
1840
1841
1842
184.3
Hnrry Cornwell. John Bull, Jr. Harry Harrington. John Murdock. Benoni Sherman. Ezra C. Spier. Jabe Peirce. William Aahby.
Fred.
Wheeler.
C. Bull.
1878. Orville Finch.
Hampton
Tabor B. Roberts.
Portius F. Dean. Benjamin A. Hall.
THE THOROUGHFARES OF THE TOWN

embrace several important roads and the Harlem Exten.sion railroad. Of the former, one of the most important was
the stage-route from Boston to Albany.
Its general direc-
Thomas W.
Sloan.
W.
Everest.
David L. Finch.
1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1819 1850

1851
John
Bull, Jr.
Horatio N. Hnnd. Mathew A. Patterson. Charles W. Hull. Harry Cornwell. Elihu Kirl)y.
Henry W.
De(in.
tion is
along the
Wyomanock
creek, and half a century
Reuben A. Wilbor. Erastus B. Jones.
ago
it
was almost continuously lined with teams going
between the above-named points.

o-eneral course of the
it
The
to
railroad follows the
Benoni Sherman.
"
Henry W. Dean.
Silas Spier.
wagon-road
Lebanon Springs, where

It
is
1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858
Ira Hand. " " " "
George L. Barker.
Joseph Adams. Reuben H. Wilhor. David B. Campbell. Robert Bigelow. H. Richmond.
turns northward into Rensselaer county.
supplied
with stations at West Lebanon,
New
Lebanon, and Lebafacilities
Ezra Waterbury. Horatio N. Hand.
non Springs, affording good shipping

these points.
at each of
186o!.."."."!.'!!!!!.'.!.'.!!charles
W.
Hull.
S.
THE CEMETERY OF THE EVERGREENS

is
1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1S68 1869 1870 1871 1872
Horatio N. Hand. Allen B. Davis.
a beautiful
tract
of eight acres of admirably-located
Samuel P. Sltinner. Marvin Sackett.

"
Charles H. Bull. Amos II. Pcnboily.
ground
for burial purposes,
midway between
tlie
the Springs and

is
"
New
tion,
Lebanon.
The
general slope of the grounds
towards
Nelson Tanner. Andrew R. Clark. Uri M. Hazard.

"
J. E.
Alonzo D. Gale. Charles H. Bull.

P. E. Leonard.
the south and the front, rising in
rear in a gentle eleva-
which
is
thickly studded with evergreens growing in
Rowley. Ransom H. Gillrt.
a state of nature,
is
A. D. P. Sackett.
1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878
William Sherman.
David Bigelow. Charles H. Bull. George B. Kendall, Silas P. Campbell.

Silas W. Gillet. Silas P. Campbell. Charles H. Bull.
controlled
whence the name of the cemetery. It by an association, formed under the rural
Joseph H. Clark.
Allen B. Davis. Franklin Hnnd.
cemetery laws of the State, in 1873, with the following trustees: Ransom H. Gillet, Philander E. Leonard, E. C.
Clark, Moses Y. Tilden, Joseph K. Royce, Franklin Hand, G. N. P. Gale, Esek C. King, and Charles H. Spencer.
"
Henry D. Bostwick.
304

:
NEW
YORK.
caliber of his glass tubes, his
The
President, E. C. Kin<:
Secretary, George
Vice;
come the inequality of the

success would be assured.
President, Franklin
Hand
H. Tilden
He
succeeded in constructing a
his scale uniform
and Treasurer, E. C. Ckrk.
machine which made the graduation of

will
The cemetery has been considerably improved, and when completed be one of the most attractive in
county.
with the varying calibers of his tubes, thus securing a uniformity in his thermometers which
it
the
was impossible
to attain
by means of the old system of using dividers.

this,
He now
Besides
there are several other burial-places in the
came
to
New Lebanon
in
and began the manufacture of therand soon had the satisfaction o f
eastern part of the town, and small cemeteries at
West
mometers on a large
seeing them
scale,
Lebanon and New
Britain.
general use, as well as being adopted
by
scientists as a standard article.
On
his death, in 1835, his
NEW LEBANON MANDFACTORIES.

The heavy pine-forests along the Wyomanock caused many saw-mills to be erected on that stream at an early One of the first was put up near Lebanon Springs day. by Gideon King, and by him sold to Samuel Hand in 1790, who operated it many years. Near the place where this stood is now a steam saw-mill. Near New Lebanon Asahel King had a saw-mill, and at Lebanon Centre Major Eli.sha
Gilbert had saw and grist-mills soon after the Revolution.
son
enlarged, and
John succeeded to the now possesses

is
business,
which has been much
a capacity large
enough
to
sup-
ply the entire country with this valuable instrument.

factory
well arranged,
The
and supplied with machinery which

all styles,
enables the proprietors to produce

plest hejit
from the simquan-
measure
to the
most elaborate and costly instru-
ment.
tities.
Mercurial barometers are also
made
in limited
Thirteen hands are employed.

Barometei's has been car-
The manufacture of Aneroid

ried on, at
18.59.
This power has been constantly employed
to operate mills,
Lebanon Springs, by Edward Kendall since
and now supplies the motor

longing to Joseph 'Adams.
for a first-class grist-mill be-
At West Lebanon John DarBoth these powers

Britain
vention of
The "Aneroid," or non-fluid barometer, is the inM. Comte, a Frenchman of Mendon, near Paris.
it
ling had saw and grist-mills, and near the present depot
As
constructed by Mr. Kendall,

in
consists of a brass cyl-
was another
mill
by Gale Bigelow.
In
the
inder five inch&s

height.
is
diameter by an inch and a half in
have been abandoned.
New
settlement
It presents a neat
and substantial appearance, but
Nathan Hand and
tlie
Wadsworths had
saw-mills.
On
the
a a
very delicate to irapre.sion, and marks the approaching
brook tributary to the
saw-mill and cabinet-shop by

grist-mill
Wyomanock from the north, are Andrew Shillinger, and

in
changes as quickly and accurately as mercurial instruments.
This barometer has been warmly recommended by
scientific
by Michael Bacher.
first grist-mills
men, and has proved justly popular among those who detown was built by Jarvis
sire a portable
One
of the
instrument, and one which can be used in
Mudge, on the hill-side, just below the warm spring, the power being derived from that source. The mill was much
patronized, and
any condition without any particular adjustment.
The
of
Mudge
was, according to Samuel

full
Hand, an
New Leiianun Glass New Lebanon, and were

was
Wur/cs are located at the village

established in
1873 by
18, 1873.
dollars,
com-
honest miller, always giving the settlers
weight.
The
pany organized
capital stock
for this purpose,
March
The
old mill was replaced, about 1794, by the present structure,
fixed at sixteen
thousand
and Jo-
erected by
plied
John Tryon.
Additional power has been sup-
seph S. Reed, Ezra
W.
Drake, Thomas F. Conway, Jacob

tru.stees.
by means of a flume from a neighboring mountain
Wainwright, and Samuel M. Bassett chosen

building
fifty feet
stream.
The
building has been used for other than mill
square was erected for the works, confifty
purposes, and at present stands idle.
At the springs a man
taining six
furnaces and pots, and employing

five
hands.
named Perry had
a woolen-factory about 1806, and Fellows
The product was from

and blue
Tilden's
thousand to six thousand green
&
Williams afterwards had a large cloth-manufacturing
bottles per day.
Work was
at
discontinued
in
1876.
is
e.-stablishiiient.
These buildings have been demolished, and
Medical Laboratory
New Lebanon
establi.shed here
the
their site is
now occupied by
cottages.
Here
also
was a
outgrowth of a small extract-factory,

1846, by Gilbert
about
machine-shop, operated by " pool" water and conducted by
&
Tilden.
The former had been engaged

tact,
A. P. Comstock.
among
Mount Lebanon
and
the Shakers have an exin their village
the Shakers in the manufacture of extracts, and,
At
the foot of
with the assistance
of
Mr. Jllam Tilden's business

establishment, which, under
cellent grist-mill,
many
factories,
which
successfully founded an
direction of the Messrs.
the
are noted in an account of that place.
Moses Y. and Henry A. Tilden has

in the country.
John Kendall
&
Co.'s
Tliermometer Factory, at
in
New
become the most extensive

"
Lebanon, was established
1820.
few years previous,
From
the beginning on a small scale with the
vacuum
Thomas Kendall, an
ingenious Yankee machinist, living at
apparatus, which was then scarcely known, they have studied
Worcester, Mass., had experimented in this direction, and
assiduously to apply every improvement as fast as experi-
concluded that a thermometer might be constructed in America
ence has demonstrated
its
value,
all
and now
possible
their establish-
which would equal those imported and be afforded much

Visiting Boston to learn something about their
it
ment may be
invention
said to
embrace
for
the appliances of
modern
cheaper.
required
the
best
manipulation
manufacture, he was assured that
was not possible
to pro-
and medicinal agents, and their works have been remodeled and received additions from time
ises to time, until
duce anything of the kind.

his
Nothing daunted, he continued experiments, and soon had the satisfaction of pos-sessing
least
the prem-
an instrument which at
if
approximated perfection
and
now occupy about half an acre of ground, and the vast amount of machinery is driven by a powerful steam-engine
located in an adjoining fire-proof building.
he could devise a means which would enable him
to over-
{^-^
Phuto.
bj- J. It.
Allis,
ChHtlmm, N. Y.
HON. RANSOM
A
truthful representation of a
H.
GILLET.
In
worthy
life is a
legacy to humanity.
of the court of claims, tendered him by President Buchanan,

1864, wearied by the
and character of Ransom H. Gillet. He was born in New Lebanon, in this county, January When two years of age his father removed to Saratoga 27, 1800. county, where he lived until 1819, working upon his father's farm in the summer, and lumbering in the pine forests during the winter. When he was nineteen years of age he removed to St. Lawrence county, where he was employed to teach school during the winter, while he attended the St. Lawrence Academy during the summer. In 1821 he engaged in the ?tudy of the law with the late Silas Wright, He was soon at Canton, atill continuing to teach for his support. admitted to the bar and established himself in the practice of his profession at Ogdensburg, where he resided for about twenty years, devoting himself mainly to the practice of his profession. In 1825 he was married to Miss Eleanor C. Barhydt, of Ogdensburg. She was bom August 18, 1806, in Schenectady. In 1827 he was appointed
As such we present an
outline of the
life
and drawn by the charms of early association, he left Washington, and took up his residence near Lebanon Springs. Here his active mind sought to make useful his large experience and store of knowledge by engaging in literary pursuits. In 1868 he issued his work on " Democracy in the United States;" four years later his volume was completed on the "Federal Government." In 1874 the crowning result of his labor appeared in " The Life and Times of Silas Wright." Twenty years of close companionship as law partner and intimate friend had well fitted him to
demands
of public
life,
prepare this able biography, which

the history of our country.
is
an important contribution
editorials
to
From
his spacious library in
New Lebaon the
non there frequently issued newspaper

great subjects of the day.
and
articles
This habitual use of his pen was continued
while suffering from severe physical infirmities, and even until within
a few months of his death, which occurred October 24, 1876.

Gillet
Mr.
brigade-major-and inspector of the Forty-ninth Brigade of Militia,
and for ten years drilled and inspected six large regiments in St. Lawrence and Jefferson counties. February 27, 1830, he was appointed postmaster of Ogdensburg, which office he tilled about three
years.
In 1832 he was a
member
of the
first
Baltimore convention which
was a friend of education. The benefits of his liberal purse and active efforts in every interest that advanced its cause are already felt in his native town and county. Mr. Gillet was a representative of the old school of Democratic thinkers. In character he possessed his mind was clear the soundest integrity and indomitable energy and comprehensive, his memory a ready and timely servant of his
;
nominated General Jackson
for the Presidency.
He was
elected in
will.
These
qualities, united with the habit of untiring industry,
were
November
of that jear to Congress, re-elected in 1834,
while in Congress as a
member
in
of the committee on
and served commerce. In 1S37

in that service
the secret of his social
and professional prominence.

In the local courts of
As a lawyer
St.
he spared no labor in thoroughly mastering his case, and presented

a plain and convincing argument.
he was appointed by President

with the Indian tribes
until
Von Buren
a commissioner to treat
Lawrence
New
York, and continued
county, in the Supreme Court and court of chancery, and the United
States
March, 1839. In 1840 he was a member of the Baltimore convention which renominated Mr. Von Buren. He then engaged in the practice of the law, in which he continued until 184,S, when Preî"
dent Polk appointed him register of the treasury,

erved until 1847,
in
which
office
he
when he was promoted
Ut the office of solicitor of
the treasury; he filled this position until the
autumn
of 1849,
when
he resumed the practice of the law in
New
York.
In 1855 he became
assistant to the attorney-general of the T.'nited States,

in that office until he resigned in
and continued
Supreme Court, he had a large and profitable practice. As a writer he was simple and concise in style, and a correct and faithful portrayer of persons and events in history and biography. Mr. Gillet was a man of commanding presence and kindly manners. The memory of the good he did will be an inspiration to every generous and earnest endeavor. Future generations will regard him as a liberal, upright, and influential citizen, an able writer, an eminent lawyer, and one who had gathered well-earned honors and trust as a
oflicial.
1858 to accept the
office of solicitor
public

"
NEW
YORK.
305
Anything
like a description of the
numerous appliances
is
principally situated at the base of a hill several
hundred
in the different
departments of their estensivo Liborutory

;
feet
high, from which
issue
hill
the famous thermal waters.

is
would require more than our space permits

give some idea,
tire
but we can when we state that the capacity of the ennumber of vacuum pans employed exceeds ten thousand
From
the
summit of
this
afforded a view of inde-
scribable beauty,
a pleasing and harmonious combination
of mount and
vale, relieved
by
trees, gardens, fields,
and
gallons,
and these are used
in
the manufacture of solid and

fifty
farm-houses, with an effect that delights the eye and inspires
fluid extracts,
of which more than two hundred and
kinds are produced.

" In the department for pills and granules every recent
The.se
the mind with the sublime happy conditions, and the rare
glories of the scene.

qualities of the spring
as a
waters,
resort,
have given the place great prominence

a distinction
it
improvement
is
adopted, besides the various devices for
summer
has enjoyed longer than any other

It
saving labor and waste of material, which are the result of a long and practical experience in the manipulation of the
place in the country.

poale,"
was formerly known as " Monte1756, he

logs,
and was frequented by the natives centuries ago.

Captain Hitchcock visited the place,
in
in
more
delicate combinations of potent drugs,
and the necesof quantities
When
sity of accurate
and
strictly correct exhibition
found the spring

backed with
bathe.
a small clearing,
curbed with
required in the minutest attenuations.

ules comprise
tions,
The
pills
and gran-
clay, in
effect
which the Indians were accustomed
to
the most valuable pharmaceutical preparavarieties.
The
of the waters upon the system of Hitch-
and number more than one hundred

one hundred
elixirs,
They
cock induced him to make the place his home, in 1771,
also prepare
and more than one hundred

their
and he thus became one of

well as the first white
tlie first
permanent
settlers, as
kinds of syrups and wines.
have become standard
Some of remedies among
preparations
man
to visit this spot.
A small
at
the profession of
in
house, with a bath-room attached, was erected for his accom-
our country, and have been successfully introduced

rope and Asia.
Eu-
modation
immediately below the spring.
The land
this time belonged to
Charles Goodrich, of Massachusetts,
"The
local
advantages enjoyed by the Messrs. Tilden, of a
who executed
a lease to Hitchcock Nov. 19, 1778, for and

life,
character, are worthy of mention, and explain
how
during his natural
the consideration being " the love
they have attained such a reputation for the efficiency and

medicinal value of their preparations.
" All the herbs,
of God, the public good, as well as benevolence towards said
Hitchcock
and, also, the miraculous virtues of the waters
barks,
and roots of indigenous growth
upon the health of said Hitchcock."

this lease
The
privileges of
4,
are gathered
by those who have experience, and each and

is
were enjoyed by Hitchcock until Nov.
1806.
every article
brought into the laboratory at the season
He
took a small fee for the use of his bath, which gave
when
it
contains most of medicinal value.
A large
amount
him a moderate support.

popular, meanwhile, that
of these materials are gathered by the farmers and others over a large section of country around the laboratory, and,
in addition to such supplies, the Messrs. Tilden have under
cultivation
The springs had become so more extensive accommodations

erected comprise a large
were demanded.
bath-house,
The buildings summer cottages, and
spacious hotels.
some
forty acres near their premises.
courtryard of one of these

spring.
feet
It
is
In the
the Columbia Hall

hill,
is
the
" These advantages, acquired
by a long experience, and

this
on the south slope of the
three hundred
patient as well as pei'sistent labor, afford the facilities which

are of greatest
above the valley and twelve hundred
feet
above
tide-
importance
in
business,
and cannot
water.
The water bubbles up from
the bottom of a basin
be enjoyed except by those similarly situated, and giving

attention,
twelve feet in diameter and four deep, and has an unvarying temperature of 73 Fahrenheit the year around.
soft
more or
less,
to
the cultivation of indigenous

all
It
is
medicinal products and so as to get
the benefits of im-
and
tasteless,
but possesses medicinal properties of great
proved culture.
" In this connection,
it is
merit, as will be seen from the following analysis
by Prof.
only doing justice to speak of

to
H. Dussauce, chemist
Arts
et Metiers, Paris
:
to
the Conservatoire Imperial des
Mr. H. A. Tilden's various and important contributions

report to the Pharmaceutical Society
medical science; we refer more especially to his elaborate
upon the cultivation
FOU.VD I\ ONE
GALLON OF WATER.Cubic inL-lic3. 2.00 :150 0.50

traces.
of narcotic plants, in which he carefully illustrates

fully
how
by
Oxygen
Nitrogen Carbonic aeiJ Sulphuric acid
the active properties can
be developed, at
will,
scientific culture."
Messrs. Tilden
&
Co. maintain
an extensive printing
department, and have issued, since 1861, Tlie Journal of
6.00
Materia Medica, a monthly magazine of merit, whose subscription-list is greater than that of
Fixed Matteii.
Grains.
any other similar magthis has been edited
Percent.
1.2'JS
azine in the Union.
For many years
by the veteran Dr. Bates.

ulcU for physicians
well-arranged book of formalso
and other valuable works have
been
issued from the office of the Journal.
Sulphuret of sodium Carbonate of sodium Sulphate of pot.osh Chloride of sodium Carbonate of lime Sulphate of magnesia
0.02
2.41 1.04 0.96 4.05 1.06 0.45 0,94 3.25 0.75 9.47
15.049
6.75.3 6.23:i
26.2!)2
Alumina
Oxide of iron
Silicic acid
LEBANON SPRINGS
is
located in the northeastern part of the town, and
is
the
It
nr<r =
^-
t 1
Glurine
Baregine
6.S83 2.629 6.103 21.100 4.370 2.190
largest
and most flourishing
village within its bounds.
15.40
100.000
39
306
HISTOKT OF COLUMBIA COUNTY,

physicians acquainted with
its
NEW
Gillet
YORK.
&
Harris had another, on the opposite
Many eminent
flesh-poisoninjr,
its
properties
:
brick block.
have recommended
use for the following,

arthritis,
viz.
eczema,
side of the street, and William Clark had the third store,
in
scald-heads,
cutaneous diseases
dys-
the same quarter.
In the eastern part of the village,

store, the
generally,
morbid conditions of the
liver, constipation,
Stephen Hall had a

used as a
distillery.
lower part of which was
pepsia, chronic and inflammatory
rheumatism, bronchitis,
has few equals,
Among
those
who were
subsequently
diseases of the kidneys, gout,

ally.
and nervous diseases generit
most active
in
trade were
N. Nichols, P. Smith, E. E.
As
a beautifier of the complexion
Griggs, E. T. Tanner, and

still
Gay & Pierce; Mr. Gay being

fine business
giving the skin a smooth, velvety appearance.
The
spring
in business.
There are several
blocks,
discharges five hundred gallons of water per minute, sup-
and half a dozen
stores in the different branches of trade.
plying a commodious bath-hou-se in close proximity, arid also

furnishes the water for several mills farther
It is probable that a post-office
was kept
to
at
John Tryon's
Lebanon.
"
down the
hill.
store,
which was afterwards removed

post-office
New
in
One of
visitors
the
first
houses built for the accommodation of
Subsequently a
Hall," with
was established
Columbia
occupied
the
Carpenter
lot.
It
was owned by
Cyprian Bigelow, and was a long, gambrel-roofed structure. About 1790, Caleb Hull erected the second hotel, near the
spring, a portion of
Henry Hull postmaster. The name was afterto Lebanon Springs. The postmasters have been John Bull, Jr., H. C. Bull, and Henry D. Gay, the
wards changed
present incumbent.
which
is
yet used as a livery-stable,
opposite Columbia Hall.
NEW LEBANON,
one of the handsomest villages of
its size in
In 1794, AVilliam Nichols, of Hartford, put up a building west of

this,
the county,
valley,
is
which
after
Hull, and afterwards of his son

series of
1800 became the property of Caleb Henry. These began a

in the present
located in the midst of the celebrated
Lebanon
is
about
two miles from Lebanon Springs.

tension
point.
railroad,
It
on the Harlem Exat this
improvements, which have resulted

Hall."
It
is
which has a very neat station

it
" Columbia
an imposing structure, several
As
a business point,
is still
does not retain
its
former
hundred
hotel,
feet long, supplied with the appliances of a
modern
hundred
prominence, but
tant
noted as the seat of several imporis
and has pleasant accommodations
for three
manufactories.
Here
the widely-known
is
medical
guests.
The house
stands on thirty-eight acres of ground,
laboratory of Tilden
&
Co.,
which
elsewhere fully noted.
affording woodland rambles, pleasant walks, croquet lawns,
and contains spacious buildings

is
for indoor
amusements.
in
It
The place contains a fine church, a young men's hall, a number of handsome residences, a seminary, and has a few
one of the most desirable places of resort
the State.
Excepting a few. years, the Hulls, father, son, and grandson, have been the proprietors of the Hall the past sixty yeara,
Among
Jones,
the
first
settlers at this place
was Major Samuel
who opened
to
the
first
public-house and store.
His
and are favorably known

disposition.
for
their hospitality and
house was regarded as a famous stopping-place by travelers
accommodating
Since the completion of the

access,
from Boston
Albany.
Afterwards, Aaron Betts and

is
railroad the Springs

in
have become more easy of

is
and
John Lewis had
taverns at this stand, which
now occu-
summer
ills.
the place
thronged by gay and fashionable
pied by the Moses Y. Tilden residence.

tavern was kept by
contemporary
crowds, as well as by those

their
who
seek rest and relief from
Ami
Doubleday, on the opposite corner,
which was continued by Thomas Peirce, and was subsequently sold to the Shakers.
visited
On
the 13th of June, 1825, the Marquis Do Lafayette
and his son
Columbia Hall.
They were accompa-
very handsome hotel building was erected in 1874 by

Tilden, which
is
nied by General Solomon

Colonel Cooper,
Van Rensselaer, Colonel Clinton, Major Van Schaack, and other officers
Henry A.
school.
is
It
an attractive three-story brick,

feet,
now occupied by a boardingfifty-six by

with a main hall sixteen feet
of Colonel Cooper's regiment of dragoons, which acted as an escort to Lafayette.
one hundred and thirty
reception was tendered
him
in
wide, and has a detached kitchen.
the drawing-room of the Hall, which was so largely attended

that the floor threatened to give way.
Major Jones was succeeded

by his son
in-law,
in
his mercantile business
The
Hall has also

in early
Elam
Tilden,
who was
for
many
yeare
been visited by many other celebrities, and
times
reputed one of the most sagacious and successful merchants

in
was a
favorite
resort of tiie
Livingstons
and other old

1320,
the county.
On
the death of his father, Moses Y.
families of the State.
Tilden continued
hill,
the trade.
Others followed, and while

it
Several other hotels were erected on the
aftr
the store was

fire.
owned by David Spier
was destroyed by
but were soon devoted
to
other uses.
village
is
Peabody
&
Sweet, P. E. Leonard, and others have
Near the centre of the

1780.
It has
Field's Hotel, a
house of
been
excellent repute, which was erected by Jarvis
Mudge, before
in trade. There are now two stores. Elam Tilden was appointed the first postmaster, having
office in his store.
been
much
enlarged and remodeled, and was
the
Subsequently the position was held
kept, before the Fields, by Peter Cottle,
Edmund Hand,
Reuben King
were there
by Moses Y. Tilden, Philander Leonard, and at present (1878) by Clarence
W. A.
Whittlesey,
Abel Mott, and

safety
others.
Below the
village,
W.
Bacon.
principally on
had a pioneer tavern, about 1774.

several times addressed
Here the committee of

patriots
Two
miles west
from this
village,
is
the
frequently assembled, and the
south side of the Wyomanock,
the hamlet of
by Parson Allen, of Massachusetts,

in
who was very

Britain.
active
provoking resistance
to
Great
NEW LEBANON CENTRE.

On
account of the mill at this place there was formerly
quite an active trade, which was carried on
John Tryon had one of
the
first stores,
on the
site
of the
by Nathan

Hand and
Bacon and and has
his sons, G. B. Cornwell, F.
NEW YORK.
307
W.
is
Everest, Clarence
trade,
in
France, religious phenomena of a very extraordinary
others.
Silas T.
Campel
at present in
nature.
Those affected were
violently agitated,
and sp;ike
also
the post-office, which was established about
with divers tongues, warning those apound them of the wrath of God, and prophesying the approaching end of earthly
things, followed
1842, with F.
W.
Everest postmaster.
little
west from the main settlement Isaac Everest had

t;ivern,
by the millennial period
foretold
in
the
a pioneer
where the town-meetings were
firat
hold.
Scriptures.
new
religious sect was created, and, about

to
Norman Williams also kept an inn. As the railroad does not have a
score inhabitants.
1700, some of the disciples found their way

station at this place its
England,
where they were known

preached their doctrines
towns, and in
business has been diverted, and there are
now but a few
They among the poor of the provincial 17+7, James and Jane Wardley, members of
as
" French
Prophets."
In the
store
New
Britain settlement was, in early times, a

in
the "Society of Friends," at Manchester, embraced this religion.
by Kenneth M. Davis,
which was
est;ibli.ihcd
small society of believers was soon formed, in
post-office,
which has long since been discontinued.
Here
which the methods of worship were so peculiar that they

attracted
were
also
mechanic shops and other attendants of a hamlet,
much
attention.
The members would jump,

This was so contrary to
which have no longer an existence.

In the northwestern part of the town, on the south side
tumble, whirl, and shout for joy.
the staid customs of the Friends that they received the
name
of
Wyomanock
creek, and a station on the railroad,
is
the
of " Shaking Quakers," or Shakers, an appsllation which has adhered to the believers ever since.
hamlet of
Among others who

Stanley, a highly
WEST LEBANON.
The
place
is
joined the Wordleys in 1758 was

sensitively-organized
Ann
built in a straggling
this
manner on the main

formerly
trade.
and
spiritually-minded
woman
of
road through
section,
and
w;ls
Moffalt's Store, from the
man
first
in
known as Others who
twenty-two.
She was the wife of a blacksmith, by whom

all
she bore four children,
of
whom
died in infancy.
This
had stores were Paul Roberts, Lswis Lester, 0. Finch,

Ezra Waterbury, C.
penter.
II.
probably tended to direct her mind to religious matters,
Bull,
and the present, G.
W.
Car-
although she
is
said
to
have been extremely thoughtful

like other
from her childhood, and would not deport herself

post-office
The
was established about 1819, with Paul
youth.
She now beaime imbued with the thought that

flesli.
held by D. Lewis,
postmaster. The office h:is since been Hiram Bigclow, Edwin Sackett, Alfred Webster, George Lowden, Sackct I. Hucsted, and G. W.
Roberts as the
firat
marriage was sinful, and engaged in only to gratify the lusts

of the
lation
Accordingly, she renounced her wedded re-
and assumed her maiden name,
Ann
Lee.
She
re-
Carpenter.
now devoted
herself to the contemplation of the
new
pioneer tavern was kept by Joshua
present
Finch tavern was built
The about 1820 by Andrew

Bigelow.
ligion,
and
after nine years of intense
thought and mental
anguish, which gave her the character of a crazy
woman,
that
Snyder,
who kept
it
many
years, and
was followed by
she professed to have received a revelation from
God
Harry Harrington and Michael Bacher.
Christ had become incarnate in her, and that she was the
The manufacture of
Etman.
There
is
harness has been carried on quite

is
chosen instrument to announce his second appearance on

earth.
extensively by A. D. Gale, and
now continued by
in
C.
This bold assumption provoked her imprisonment

as the " spiritual
and other persecutions.

a neat Methodist
church
the hamlet, which
and was soon recognized

of the new sect
;
But she continued her Mother

day she
is
teaching,
in Israel"
has about one hundred and twenty inhabitants.
and
to this
reverently spoken
In the southeastern part of the town, on the western

slope of the
of by her followers as
of seven years
prison,
in
Mother Ann.
An
eventful
life
Taghkanic mountains,
is
the village where live
the " United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing," or Shakers.

tion,"
England followed her liberation from during which she was by no means exempt from
This vested her with the dignity of a martyr for
The
place
is
" beautiful for situa-
persecution and torture, even unto frequent attempts to take
and has been appropriately named
her
life.
religion's sake,
and
as such she attracted yet
more attention.
America.
MOUNT LEBANON.
Below
this point the valley presents a
is
charming appearhill
life,
About this time it was revealed to her kingdom on earth should be established
1774, establisliing herself
that the spiritual

in
She
in
ance, and westward the country

dale, field, forest,
alternated by
and
until
is
came, accordingly, with a few of her followers, to this land,

at Watervliet, opposite
and stream, teeming with busy-
Troy.
as
to
a hazy horizon obscures the view.

little
But
in the village
checkered career, during which she was arrested

ish spy, followed;
in
a Brit-
world
itself,
founded on principles of morality,
in-
but in 1777 she was allowed
return
dustry, order, and neatness, in which
has been practically
peace to her followers, to
whom
she expounded the
new
evolved a religion combining the simplicity of the apostolic

times and the progressive science of the nineteenth century.
religion with unabated zeal.
Anon
Lebanon
a revival of the utmost fervor prevailed in

in
New
The Shakers form such

life,
a prominent element in the his-
the winter of 1779-80.
Pastor and people
tory of the town that a short sketch of their origin, social

industrial pursuits,
were alike wonderfully wrought upon.

excitement that the avocations of
attend to
tlie
life
There was so much

were neglected
if
and religious belief
will
be read
to
with general interest.
means of
grace.
It
appeared as
the pcu-
Towards the
vival
close
of the
last
century an extensive
re-
tecostal
days had returned.
There were
and
all
visions,
deep ex-
prevailed in Western Europe, producing, especially
hibitions of divine power,
the attendant elements
308

Naturally enough, dis-
NEW YORK.
fifty to
of the primitive Christian times.
family varies from
eighty persons, and the males

roof,
appointment followed the many predictions of these new

prophets, and that reign of peace which they foretold
not.
and females
live
under the same
although in different
came
In despair, they heard of the strange people (Shakers)
in the bush," and visiting them, came away convinced that ' Mother Ann" was the woman mentioned
" worshiping
The rooms for the men are on the left-hand side, those for the women on the right, and accommodate two, four, or six persons. The sexes eat in
parts of the house.
the same room but
at different tables,
going there in order,
in the Apocalypse,
fest
and that
in
her Christ was made mani-
one after the other, following the lead of the elder or elderess
on earth. They told her of the despairing anguish of new converts in New Lebanon, and urged her to come among them with the new plan of salvation. The occasion was most opportune. She came in 1780, preaching with
the
down
plain,
separate stairways to
their
places.
(jnality,
Their food
is
but abundant and of good

Several
and
is
eaten
in
silence.
women
is
attend to the affairs of the kitchen,
and their work
done with the most scrupulous neatness.

is
such
effect that
both Joseph
Meacham and Samuel Johnnew

religion.
Indolence and carelessness, they say,

the gospel and order of God.
is
directly opposite to
son, the Baptist
and Presbyterian ministers, and the greater

It
Cleanliness in every respect
portion of their members, embraced the
strongly enforced
floor.
it is
contrary to order even to spit on
was
as if a "
kingdom were born
in a
day;" and, in the

at
the
dirty, careless, slovenly, or indolent person,
language of another, "

Puiilifix
Mother Ann became

Pope
in authority."
once a
vigor-
they say, cannot travel in the way of

It
is
God
or be religious.
Maxima,
a very
A
in
contrary to order to talk loud, to shut doors hard, to
ous society of believers was at once established
New
rap for admittance, or to
make
noise in
any respect
even
Lebanon, which from the character of

America.
its
members became,
when walking the

and
floor
they must be careful not to

to
make
work
and yet continues to be, the principal Shaker society in
noise with their feet.
They go
;
bed
at nine or ten o'clock,
rise at four or five
all
that are in health go to

in the winter
Ann Lee
Meacham,
died at Watervlict in 1784, but her work was
about sunrise.
Indoor mechanics
work by
as the
taken up by two of her converts,
and
Lucy Wright and Joseph

issue.
candle-light, each one following .such an
employment
carried to a successful
Under the
into
deacon appoints for him.
Every man and woman must be
direction of the latter the

families, "
members were gathered
employed, and work steadily and moderately.

are sick they have the utmost care
When any
to
common," and Shakerism, as an organic movement, began in 1792. The lands of the members of this locality were taken as a basis for the new
having
all
things in
and attention paid

a
them.
When
man
is
sick, if there is
woman among
the sisters
who was
his wife before he believed, she, if in
order, and
other property was sold to procure means to
health, nurses
and waits upon him.
If any of them trans-
erect the necessary buildings.
gress the rules and orders of the church they are not held
The Mount Lebanon

acres of land,
society
owns
at present
si.x
thousand
in
union until they confess their transgression, and often

sisters.
which extends into Massachu.setts and the

This
is
on their knees, before their brethren and
town of Canaan.
lies,
the joint property of eight famifive in

village,
The
industry of the Shakers

the
is
proverbial.
All are con-
one Massachusetts, the Canaan, having an aggregate membership of

in
and two
in
stantly adding to
common
leading
fund, and the society at

its thrift
five
hundred
Mount Lebanon
perity.
has became noted for

its
and pros-
persons.
Each family
its
is
a distinct, self supporting com-
Among
industries
are
the various
pail-
munity, with
own
organization, spiritual and temporal.
mechanical employments, as broom-making, tub and

manufiicturing, and other light shop-work.
Two
males and two females, called elders and elderesses,

spiritual affairs of the family, being themselves
is
The Shaker
manage the
chairs have a wide and favorable reputation for their beauty
subordinate to a ministry of the society, which
at pres-
and comfort.
Some of
the most useful mechanical improve-
ent composed of Daniel Boler, Giles B. Avery, Eliza

Taylor, and Polly Reed, and over these
elder, F.
is
Ann
ments and labor-saving machines have originated here.
the novitiate
About 1800, Benjamin Bruce and Nicholas Bennett

next
fifteen years yielded the society
in-
W.
Evans.
The temporal
affairs are
attended to
vented wool-carding machinery, whose manufacture for the
by two deacons and two deaconesses

keep an account of the business
in
each family,
who
much income.
is
It
is
affairs,
and assign each

In addition to
generally believed that the buzz-saw was h.ere invented, by

a
in
member
a portion of the labor to be done.
Shaker named
Amos
Bishop.
This saw
now preserved
these are the general trustees of the society, in

their successors, vest the titles of the real
society.
whom, and
the State cabinet at Albany.
Later, Bishop and Ben-
property of the
nett invented
and here used the
fii-st
planing and matching-
machine.
are generally engaged in
their
fields
The
application of this machinery in the half a

it
The Shakers
horticulture,
agriculture
and
dozen shops and mills of the place gives
a busy appearance.
as an industry
scale,
it now demand
and
and gardens are models of

Their homes and appur-
neatness and skillful cultivation.
The among
seed business
the Shakers.
first
assumed importance
Beginning on a very small
tenances are arranged with a view of securing the utmost
requires
more than one hundred

popular seeds.
acres to supply the
comfort consistent with their simple
habits,
and
every
for these
The
preparation of native herbs
modern improvement which

is
will
economize labor and time
and indigenous plants for medicinal purposes was begun as

early as 1825.
adopted.
The
process was at
first
very crude, the
The duty
plus, to be
of every family
is to first
secure
its
own com-
extracts being prepared in an open
kettle,
and the herbs
fortable support, paying into the
common
treasury an}' sur-
pressed by a small hand-machiiie.
But about 1830, Garrett
held for the good of the society or to supply
K. Lawrence, the
dislillin
iii
society physician, conceived the idea of
individual wants, under proper regulations.
The
size
of a
vacuo, so as to preserve the best c(ualities of the
Res dence
JOHN KENDALL Wtw
sanon
ti

herbs.
: ;
NEW
YORK.
is
309
A pan
was accordingly constructed on
this principle,
sat-
work of God with humanity
progressive, from the be-
which, though rude and of small capacity, proved very

isfactory.
ginning of creation to the end of the work of redemption,

they claim that there have been seven successive churches.
Machinery was
scale,
also devised to press the herbs
on a larger
power.
using
first
hydraulic and afterwards steam

increased from a few
" The
first,
the Apostolic, was based on seven principles

;
The product was
hundred
revelation,
including spiritualism
;
community of goods
;
pounds
to seventy-five tons per year,
and the capacity of
peace, or non-resistance
repudiation of oaths
;
oral confes-
the business was extended in other directions.

large
very
sion
of sin
health of body
and
celibacy.
Only Jews,
and conveniently arranged herb-house was destroyed

1875, involving a
loss
by
fire in
of $75,000.
There
is
at
present a large and well-conducted laboratory, where
many
kinds of pure extracts are prepared in the most skillful
whom Moses had disciplined as a schoolmaster, could become members of this Apostolical church. " The Second, the Gentile church, founded by Peter and Cornelius. All its members had been heathens or gentiles,
and these were allowed
to retain
manner from herbs
cultivated in the society's gardens, or

forests.
marriage and private prop-
gathered in the surrounding
erty as a condescension of the spirit to their low estate.

in
The women,
also, are
much engaged
of these
is
manufacturing
various fancy articles, which are exposed for sale at the two
stores of the place.
" The Third, or Niocene church, was founded by the Emperor Constantine. In addition to marriage and private
At one
the
Mount Lebanon
property, he added the element of war as a

tian conversion.
means
to Chris-
post-office, established in
1803, with Richard Bushnell postpresent held by Benjamin Gates,
master.
The
is
office is at
"
The Fourth,
or
Roman
Catholic, founded by
Leo the
and there
miles.
a daily mail from
Lebanon Springs, distant two

so actively engaged,
Great, not only retained
marriage, private
property, and
war, but added the practice of legal oaths, forbade maniage

all
Notwithstanding the Shakers are
to the clergy
and monastic orders, commanded
to
abstain
they by no means neglect the improvement of their minds.
from flesh-meat on certain days and occasions, and established the Inquisition, practicing persecution by torturing
good library
is
maintained, composed of standard works,
and upon the
tables of their waiting-rooms are
found some
Meet-
and putting
"
to
death heretics.
of the best magazines and newspapers of the day.
The
Fifth, or Protestant, founded
by Luther and Calvin,

;
ings for mental culture are also held, where the various
pha.se3
denied the spiritualism of the Catholic church

the Bible for the true word of
acles
;
substituted
of science,
art,
religion,
and government are
dis-
God
denied modern mir;
cussed.
Occasionally the sexes meet together for social
abjured celibacy and oral confession of sin

;
retaining
culture, but
everything which
is
tends to excite the animal
marriage, war, swearing, and private property

that
all
and claiming
nature or baser passions

finer,
studiously avoided, and only the

attributes are cultivated.
special disease
is
from the Lord, and must be borne
purer, and
more God-like
with Christian resignation.

"
The
society has a school
where the children and youth
The
Sixth, the Infidel church of America, whose civil
are educated in a thorough manner.
Most of the Shakers

are liberally
government, founded by skeptics, such as Jefferson, Franklin,
have a good education,
and
some of them
and Thomas Paine, declares that and
all
human
beings are
endowed
in this direction.
born equal, and possess an inherent right to land.

ology, there being no inquisition
civil
In theall
Regarding the religious doctrines of the Shakers, the

novitiate elder of the
government,
Mount Lebanon
society, Fred.
W.
his
may
believe
what they
please.
Evans, says, " They
are, first, that
Christ has
made
" These prepared
the
way
for
the Seventh, or Shaker

in
second appearance on- earth to a chosen female, named

Lee, as he
Ann
;
church of Christ's second appearing,

tablished
all
which were
re-es-
made
his first
to
a man, Jesus of Nazareth
the elements of the
first
Pentecostal church,
Christ being neither the
man Jesus
in
nor the
woman Ann,
viz., revelation,
spiritualism, oral confession,
community of
physical
but a
spirit
from the seventh or resurrection heaven, who

in
goods, non-resistance, gifts of healing,

health,
miracles,
became incarnated
a child
is
;
them,
much
the
same manner that
and separation from the world.
These they believe

in
the incarnation of
its
parents, or a scholar of its
are the foundations of the
new heavens,
which religion
teachers
the character of the one being transferred to and
and science are insepnrnble friends forevermore; and the

simple word of a believer
is
formed in the other.

is,
Revelation from the Christ heaven
of equal force as the oath of a
therefore, the
first
rock upon which the church of Christ,
wordly gentile Christian, Catholic, or Protestant.

" Jesus said, few are saved, which the Shakers interpret
to
both in the
and second appearing,
is
founded.
This
Christ heaven, being the nearest to Deity, stands in the
mean
that only a certain percentage of the race are or ever

life
same
"
relation to the inhabitants of
all
other globes that
it
will
be called to live a pure celibate

will
while
in
the body.
does to those on earth.
These
be ministers or saviors to the remainder of the

;
An
emanation from thence alwaj's commences the work

i.e., it
inhabitants of the earth in the spiritual world
they also
of harvest,
begins to cut the inhabitants off from the

;
act as a check to the principle of population, as a substitute for war, famine,
ground and
field
of natural production or generation

it
this
and disease, or anything which tends
to
being the true resurrection, because

natural
to
raises
them from the
prevent the increase of the race.
The Shakers do
liujd that
not con-
the spiritual order, by leading tliem to forsake
demn marriage per

of use
it
se,
but they do
under the law
earthly relatives
father, mother, brother, sister, etc.

faith,
and
all
should bo restrained
to the
simple procreation and

with
the
practice
forming themselves into households of
where they
rearing of offspring, in
accordance
of
have a hundredfold of relatives of a spiritual character,

livinir
animals.
"
on the basis of a celibate
life.
HoldinK that the
They hold
that the Deity
is
a dual being, the primary
310

From
it
NEW
YORK.
fountain of male and female.
this proceeds their dual
preach come from the " porch," a three-story wing on the

south end of the meeting-house, containing rooms for the
ministry, male and female.
order of government, which recognizes and secures equal

rights to both sexes
;
and
is
their belief that the civil
The house
stands on a fine
government
possessed of
is
rapidly progressing toward the

will
same order,
beings and
grass-plot, neatly inclosed, near the centre of the village,
and that females

all
be recognized as
human
and was erected

building, put
in
in
1823.
Until that period a smaller
the inalienable rights so dear to the opposite
up
1787, was used, and was subsequently
sex
that, as
they are equally subject to the action of laws
converted into a seed-house.
with men, they will have an equal voice in framing and executing those laws
the United States
;
Besides this public worship, each family assembles every
in other
is
words, the
civil
government of
evening
in a
room
sing,
set aside for this
purpose in their houses,
providentially destined to
all
become a
where they
in
dance, and exhort each other.
These
dual government, a pattern for

the earth, a genuine republic.
the civil governments on
meetings are often attended by "spiritual manifestations,'
Then
;
will
wars begin to be
which the recipient of the "
gift
"
prophesies, or exaction,
cease from the ends of the earth
for the social evil will
hibits the presence of the
power by some physical

of long duration.
rooted out of the social system.

tles,
'
They
ask, with the

?'
Apos-
as spinning around, etc., often
They
Whence come wars and
fightings
and believe that

from abnormal
kneel in prayer by their bedside in the morning and the
they proceed from physical and mental

passions.
lust,
evening, and also before and aftr meals.
In short, their
to,
devotions are rigidly and scrupulously attended

characteristic in the worship of the
pro-
"
is
The leading
Shakers
ducing a serenity of
life
and a placidness of countenance
their dancing,
which they attribute
to the exhilarating
and
which
is
truly remarkable.
The very atmosphere seems
overpowering deliglitattendingtheoutpouringofdivinegrace
hallowed and consecrated to love and purity, and, though

the religious tenets of the Shakers will never be generally
accepted, nor their social
life
upon
ical,
their hearts.
Their evolutions are regular and methodConstant practice makes them as

as well-trained soldiery, every
and are accompanied by the singing of stirring hymns

lively spiritual songs.
approved, yet
it
must be
and
accorded to them that they have practically demonstrated

that there
is
proficient in their
movements
an inherent force
in
their religion
which has
step being as exact as if gauged

is
by
rule
and the movement
elevated them above
many
of the grosser things of earth,

to
often impressive in manner.

'
The
services usually consist
and made
it
possible for
them
maintain for nearly a hun-
of short addresses or testimonies,' interspersed with songs
dred years an apostolic community, in which godliness, by

industry, cleanliness, rational living, and exalted purposes,
and dances or marches, varying from a

a
light springy step to

;
movement
in
harmony with
a plaintive strain
and a
dis-
are constantly exemplified.
course by the elder.
After this there are marches and

to
countermarches, which are intended

event
in their religious belief
is
be typical of some
THE CONGREGATIONAL AND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES

OF
Soon
One
of the most beautiful
NEW LEBANON.
town religious meetings
of these
their formation into four circles around a
body
the
after the settlement of the
of singers, which are intended to symbolize the four great

dispensations,
the
;
were held by those entertaining the Congregationalist belief
first
from
Adam
to
Abraham
log meeting-house was erected west of

in
Lebanon
second from
Abraham
to
Jesus; the third. from Jesus to
Springs
1772,
in
which Rev. Samuel Johnson, a grad-
Mother Ann
period.
and the fourth the present or millennial
uate of Yale College, preached to a society which was or-
In this service their hands are united, the brethren

separate to express the union in the perfect
at its close they lift
if to
ganized about that time, but which was so
much weakened
the
and
sisters
;
by the Shaker movement

services
in
1780
that a suspension of
later
church
a
and
up
their
final
hands and give

triumph of the
ensued.
About
ten years
Rev. Silas
subdued shout, as
express the
Churchill came to the town, and after a few years of missionary labor was ordained pastor of the revived church,
Shaker church.
However strange
these ceremonies, they
are always deeply solemn and strikingly impressive, and

leave but
little
July 16, 1795.
The
society at that time
was known as
doubt of the sincerity of those engaged
in
the "Church
The
Asahel
Pease,
of Christ in
New
Lebanon," and was gov-
them."
erned by the forms of the Congregational church.

at
The house of worship

five feet
Mount Lebanon
is
a
is
wooden
eighty-
persons constituting the membership at that period

Fitch,
building of plain but singular construction.
It
were Nehemiah
Ami
Doubleday, Samuel Grigg,
long, sixty-five feet wide, very high,

roof,
and has a
King,
Andrew
Hackley, John
Hubbard, Lucy
dome-shaped
is
covered with
pillars,
tin.
The audience-room
seats
for
Anna Hubbard,
Olive Hatch, Truelove Fitch, Louis
clear of posts
and
and has permanent
Doubleday, John Hackley, Sarah Gilbert, Simon Hackley,

Oliver Hitchcock, Sylvia Davis, Either Hill, Silas Lincoln,
the spectators only.
On
the walls are rows of pegs, on
which the membei-s hang their outer garments,

form their exercises without coats or shawls,
the
and
they perranged
along the walls are loose seats for the accommodation of
members while
listening
to
the minister's discoui-se.
Olive Tilden, Olive Bingham, Celia Chapin, Daniel Howe, John Johnson, Elisha Gilbert, Eleazer Grant, Nathan Hand, John Butler, Asa Hubbard, Moses Benedict, Royal Payne, Zalmon Skinner, Noah M. Wells, Benjamin Abbott,
On
the
the east side of the house, towards the street, are two
Cynthia Tilden.
doors,
which are approached by marble

enter, the
steps,
through which
few years later were added Joseph Cornwell, EInathan

Sails,
members
men
at the left
hand and the women
Beach, Cooly Gray, Isaac
Peter Plum, Joseph Davis,

Hill,
at the right,
walking by twos from their homes, and occu-
Rufus Abbott, Abram Seward, Seth
Ezra Gates, and
pying opposite sides of the room.
Those appointed
to
many
others.
NEW
YORK.
311
new meeting-house had previously been
built near the

It
body were Elder Richmond Taggart, Henry Hull, William N. Bentley, Aroin
present edifice, in the village of
New
its
Lebanon.
was a
Wood, Ephraim
Pierce, Sylvester
very plain structure, standing in the middle of the square,
Smith, Spencer Carr, William Kendall, William Webster,

Israel Clark,
with doors on three
sides,
and from
uncouth appearance
and twelve females.

receive that holy
was
irreverently called " God's barn."
About
fifty
years
Nov. 23, 1826, Warren Merrill and wife were baptized

and joined the church, being the
rite.
first to
ago the house was moved back
to its present place,
adorned
with a steeple, and invested with a more churchly aspect.
The
present house wa.s erected
Iti
18G(I, at a cost of
fifty sittings,
more
is
A plain
in
meetinghouse was erected

in
at
Lebanon Springs
fine appearance.
than SI 0,000, has three hundred and
and
1827, which was rebuilt
1868, at a cost of S6000.
one of the handsomest edifices

trolling board of trustees
is
in
these parts.
The
con-
It is very neatly finished
and presents a
at present
composed of Jona-
There are
sittings for
two hundred and

fall
fifty
persons.
The
than
Gillet, F.
W.
Hull,
Henry
L.
Brown, George Tilden,
house was formally dedicated in the
of 1868, by Rev.
and Joseph Comwell.
Watson, of
Pittsfield,
Mass.
On
the 12th of November, 1820, the church adopted

if
As
already stated, Rev.
Richmond Taggart was
the
first
the Presbyterian form of goverment, with a proviso that
pastor.
His successors
in the ministerial office
were Revs.
any member were so elected he might avail himself of the

benefits attaching to the
Gilbert,
Justus Hull, Edwin Sandays, Solomon Hatch, N. M. Wood,

S.
Congregational system.
Bailey, Isaac Sails,
Elisha
B. Willis, G. S. Stockwell,
Abram Seward, Joseph
Zalmon
Bronson, Philip Roberts, B. L.
Edward Conover, Asher Van Buren, E. T. Hunt,
Skinner, Abel Judson, and Robert

ruling elders, and
M. Bailey were chosen
A. Waterbury, J.
W.
Robinson, J. D. Meeson, and (1878)
Zalmon Skinner deacon.

received into the presbytery of Columbia
The church was

yeai-s.
county, and continued Presbyterian in form about twenty
Edwin Sandays and Edward Conover Of the above named, served the church twice as pastors. N. M. AVood, B. L. Van Buren, and J. W. Robinson
Edgar Maryott.
began their ministerial work
here ordained.
ates
:
portion of the
members then assumed the name

Congregational
society,
in
this church,
having been
licenti-
and
privileges of
a separate
yet
There were besides the following

Doolittle,
continuing to worship in the s;ime house and employing a

pastor conjointly with
Joseph Taggart, Horace
William Doolittle,
J. Rose.
the Presbyterians.
This arrange-
Alonzo Wadhams, Philander Pierce, and Olney
ment
are
still
prevails.
The
present ruling elders are Silas
The
entire
number of members received

ninety-five,
is
into the
church
Churchill and C.
W.
Bacon.
The Congregational deacons

Hill,
by baptism has been one hundred and ninety.
The present
John Kendall, Fred. W.
Pardee Carpenter, and
membership
is
and under the tutelage of the

in a flourishing condition.
Daniel Clark Warner.
Rev. Maryott the church
The
the
pastoral office of the church
was
filled until
1845 by
relation
Rev. Silas Churchill,

fifty years.
who maintained
that
more than
Subsequent pastors have been Revs.
Charles J. Kuowles, Robert Day,
McVcy, D. K.
Millard, and George E.
Thomas S. Bradley, John McLean, who ter1377.

Since then the
at present
minated his connection January, Rev. Thomas M. Gray.
pulpit has been supplied by Dr. Bclden,
and
by
The deacons from the formation of the church to the present have been Henry Hull, Ephraim Pierce, Spencer Carr, Ambrose Sanford, Elias D. Dike, Joseph Bates, Clark B. Goodrich, Josiah Waite, Sherman Hand, John T. Horton, Charles H. Spencer, Charles F. Shumway, and Jonathan D. Hull. The clerks, Henry Hull, William Kendall, Amos Chatman, Harvey Cole, Ambrose Sanford,
Joseph Bates, and Jonathan D. Hull.
In 1827 the evangelist Finney labored with the church
The
Bates,
present trustees are C. Spencer, J.
Shumway, H.
Clark, Joseph
and produced a remarkable revival, which largely augmented

the membership.
Parsons, J. D. Hull, C.
Other ocaisions of special
interest fol-
H. Franklin Hand, and William Hand.

J.
is
Hemingway,
lowed, and in 1875 a revival ensued which gave the church

fifly-nine
Adelbert Rogere
the superintendent of a good Sabbath-
new members.
is
The
'present
membership of the
school connected with the church.
combined churches
nearly two hundred.
THE FiaST .METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF NEW

IN
THE FIRST BAPTIST CUURCII AND SOCIETV LEBANON.

Baptist preaching was held in
NEW
The missionary
LEBANON.
efforts
of the Methodists extended to
by Rev.
after.
New Lebanon, before 1776, Joseph Meacham, who organized a church soon
joining the Shakers, in
New Lebanon
homes of
circuits,
as early as
1820, services being held at the

in
the
members and
school-houses.
Later
it
Upon Meacham's
of his
1780,
became a regular appointment

Hazelton, Cooper, and
in connection
with adjoining
many
was
members followed him, and the Baptist church

In 1820, Elder Nathaniel Otis
in
the ministry of that period being Revs. Howe,
practically disbanded.
began his missionary work

in
this
locality,
and succeeded
trustees chosen
Among
ner,
the early
Thomas Kendall, members were Joseph

and
later,
a local preacher.
Cole,
John Gard-
forming a
.society,
March
10, 1825.
Gillet,
The
Ezra Spier,
Sr,,
;
David Fellows, Jesse Hand, William

Elias Richmond, Marshall
were Paul Shuraway, Jeremiah

ton
C. Babcock,
Spencer Carr,
Hamp-
Hunt, Pliny Gould
A. Brown, Henry Hull, George Landon,

.
Sherman, Alfred Webster, Lyman Johnson, and Thomas W.

SlqAn.
Henry Stanton, and William N. Bentley. The church was formally recognized June
lumbia Hall."
1,
1826,
at a
On
the 15th day of Jfay, 1835, a legal organization was
council called for this purpose, which assembled at " Co-
effected,
and Ezra G. Spier, William Haight, and Oran
The
constituent membership of the
new
Tickiior chosen as trustees.
meeting-house was erected
312

West Lebanon, which was used until what was known Union" church, in the hamlet of West
services
in
NEW
YORK.
after
a few miles south of
and the Springs was suspended

laid,
the foundation was

It will
about 1870.
Services were also held in
on account of the stringency of the times.
as the " Christian
probably be completed at an early day.
Lebanon.
This house became the sole property of the
The
official
parish
members
at present are: Rector,
Rev.
Methodists about 1872, since which regular
Joseph Hooper; Wardens,
Silas G.
Owen, W. H. Babcock;
town have been confined

in
to this house.
It
was remodeled
Vestrymen, E. C. King, J. G. Field, Hampton C. Bull,

Francis Myer, and E. T. Tanner.
1864, and
is
is
now
a comfortable place of worship.
The
church
estimated worth S4000, and the parsonage 800.

is
The
society
in
at present connected with several appointis
ments
Rensselaer county in forming a circuit, which
THE CHURCH OF THE " IMMACULATE CONCEPTION" (ROMAN CATHOLIC) OF NEW LEBANON.
Catholicity was introduced into
served by the Rev. Caleb A. Stevens.

bers
The
present
mem-
New Lebanon
Chatham
about 1868,
number one hundred and
sixty-eight, not including
the services being supplied from the
village parish.
thirty probationers.
Measures were instituted the following year
to erect a
church,
laid
The
pastoral connection since 1837,
when New Lebanon
and on the 3d of October, 1869, the corner-stone was by Bishop Conroy, on

Lebanon.
18, 1871.
a lot a short distance west
became a separate charge, has been

Starks, William
as follows:- Revs. D.
from
New
M. Chipps, W. D.
Stead,
Thomas
Kirley,
large
and substantial brick
edifice,
costing
Peter M. Hitchcock, Reuben Westcott, D. Crowl, John
Belknap, Aaron Hall, R. Washburne, A. Richards,

Jones,
W. Adam
nearly $14,000, was dedicated by the same bishop,
Rufus
Daniel
Pratt, Elisha
Thomas McMaster, A. Dixon, John Harwood, B. Huff, Merritt B. Mead, Asaph

William F. Hurd, David Osgood, E. Morgan,
Rose,
of the
June The church continued to be served by the priest Chatham parish, Rev. James J. Moriarty, until Sept.
Maiden Bridge and
it
24, 1874, when, in connection with
Shurtleff,
Stephentown,
became a new
parish.
The communicants,
W.
J. Sands,
W. W.
Foster, Eri
Baker,
numbering
In the
several hundred, are under the spiritual tutelage
C. C. Bedell, E. A.
Braman, E. A. Blanchard,
pastor.
W. W.
of the Rev. J. J. Brennan.
Whitney, and the present
New
Britain neighborhood
in
is
a meeting-house be-
Two
Sunday-schools are maintained, having a member-
longing to the Christian church,
which woi-ship a society
ship of two^ hundred scholars.
numbering
thirty
members.
fills
Rev. C.
W.
Havens, of the
Red Rock
church,
the pastoral
office.
THE CnCRCH OF OUK SAVIO0R (PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL)

OF
NEW LEBANON.
body were
first

summer
In
of the town have received an unusual degree of attention,
not only
in
The
but no
the
services of this
held, in the
seasons from
effort
1835
to
1845, by Dr. David Butlor, of Troy,

to
the support of
common
schools,
but
in the es-
was made
found a society until 1869.
tablishment of academies and seminaries.
Sixteen districts
fall
of that year a room
was secured
in
the public
fitted
were formed by the school board

is still
in
1819, which number
school building at
Lebanon Springs, which was
up
maintained.
In 1878 these reported seven hundred
for the services of the Episcopal church,
and Rector E. L.
and forty-nine children of school age, from which an average attendance of two hundred and seventy-two pupils was
secured.
ings, the
Wells, of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, invited to minister to

those
who
preferred that form of service.

3, created
The
first
meet-
The town has

one at
several comfortable school build-
ing, held
October
so
much
interest that
Bishop
New Lebanon
being especially notable for

its
Doane, of Albany, organized
New Lebanon
as a mission, to
the architectural taste displayed in
construction.
be supplied by the Rev. Wells, in connection with his

parish.
One
ground
This
of the
first
academies in these parts was instituted
These services were not

a parish
fruitless.
The mission
official
at the suggestion of Jarvis
became
May
10, 1871,
having the following
for this purpose, at
board: Rector, Rev. J. T. Webster; Wardens, E. C. King,
lot is
Mudgc, who set aside a lot of Lebanon Springs, about 1784. now owned by S. B. Sanford. A stock company
families.
W. H. Babcock;
Silas G.
Vestrymen, John B. Gale, J. G. Field,

J. Jones,
erected a building and opened a school, which was patronized
Owen, Matthew
and Elam T. Tanner.

fail-
by the youth from the leading
Many
of those
affairs.
The
rectorship of Mr.
Webster was of short duration,
young men became distinguished
in State
and national
ing health compelling his resignation before the close of the
summer.
In October, 1871, the Rev. William T. Early

rector, serving the parish until
The academy building was destroyed by fire- while used for At the same time a brand from the burnother purposes.
ing academy set
fire
became the
1872.
He
was
the
to the '
Navarino House,"
in
which
succeeded by the Rev. James

rector in
Hoyt Smith, who became

a year
was a boarding-school, conducted by a Mr. Hubbard.

bell
The
in
November, 1872, and remained

to
and a half
formerly used on the old academy
is
still
employed
After a vacancy of a few months the parish called the Rev.
the belfry of the school building at the Springs.
Joseph Hooker
the rectorship, July 12, 1874, and he
Some time about 1800, Dominie Booge had

in
a select .school
has since maintained that relation.
Under
his tutelage the

It
the northern part of the town, in which he fitted

for college.
young
work of the
of
parish has
become
fully established.
now
ser-
men
numbers twenty
families,
furnishing sixty communicants,
whom
thirty-four are in regular attendance.
The
THE WYOMANOCK SEMINARV

was established as a boarding-school
1858, by Miss E. C. Hatch.
'hotel building, east
for
its
vices of the
church are yet held
in
the school-house chapel,

for this
young
ladies, in
which has been made comfortable

effort to
purpose.
An
For
accommodation a
build a house of worship between
New Lebanon
from West Lebanon, was ascd, being

afterwards enlarged to meet the growing demands of the
school.
fluence,
NEW
YORK.
313
Miss Hatch was a teacher of great worth and
in-
whose school was soon favored with a large patron-
UNITY LODGE, NO.

located at
9,
age, enabling her to graduate
many
students yearly.
In
trus-
Lebanon Springs, was
instituted in 1788.
The
1865 the seminary was incorporated, and a board of

tees appointed, embracing,
application for a warrant bears the
names of Eleazer Grant,
among
others, the leading citi-
zens of the town.
After this the institution was even more

fire,
prosperous, but the destruction of the buildings by
John Darling, Elihu Phinney, John Noyes, Wm. Powers, John W. Schermerhorn, James Wylie, Nathan Hand, Samuel Wheeler, Daniel Green, William Johnson, and Ephraim
Jan.
6,
1869, suddenly checked this prosperity.

in the
In a few
months the seminary was again opened,

sion at
Pelton man-
New
Lebanon, under the name of " Sunnyside,"
and continued by Miss Hatch until July, 1870.

next few years
it
For the
was conducted as a day-school by the

in
Misses Delevan, but

re-established
1875 Wyomanock Seminary was
by the Misses
Wood
in
the fine Tilden hotel

it
The warrant iiisued Sept. 18, 1788, designates W. M. John Darling, S. W. and Elihu Phinney, J. W. At that time Robert Livingston was the Grand Ma.ster of the Grand Lodge of the State, and Hudson and Albany were the neighboring lodges. Northward there was no lodge nearer than Montreal. The Master and Senior Warden were properly installed at Albany, in DeHunt.
Eleazer Grant as
;
;
building.
The arrangements of
the house adapt
admir-
cember, and on the 2d of February, 1789, at a meeting

held
in
ably for school purposes, and by judicious
management the
be regained by
the house of Casparus
Hewson, Elisha
first initiates.
Gilbert,
former high character of

the
Wyomanock may
Lewis and Levi Preston became the

jor Elisha Gilbert, whereby a
new
school.
About 1794 an arrangement was entered into with Maroom in the house which he
for lodge purposes.
THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS

were early and ably represented
the
first
was then building was secured
For
It
in
New
Lebanon.
Among
many
yeai-s
this aflbrded a comfortable place of meeting,
physicians were Doctors Johnson, Hall, and Baker,
where friendly feeling and good cheer prevailed.

customary
in
was
but of whose professional standing nothing has been ascertained.
those times to refresh the brethren

life,
coming
be
Dr. Moses Younglove was quite prominent in his

skillful
in
from a distance with the substantials of

themselves anew in the flowing bowl.
and
to pledge
time,
and especially
his
treatment of smallpox
As
far as can
and kindred
numbers.
diseases.
to
Before vaccination wa.s discovered
learned, no inebriety resulted, as the spi'nVs were not so evil
he had a pest-house,
which patients resorted
in
large
disposed then as now.
The
lodge was in good repute, and
Equally prominent was Dr. John
Merriman,
Doc-
soon had a large membership, numbering, in 1796, one
who
located here about 1800, and
who
died in town.
in
hundred and
In the
fifteen,
among them being
the most prominent
tors Isaac
after.
Everest and Esek King were
practice soon
citizens of- the town.

fall
In 1818, Dr. H. D. Wright located at
New
Leb-
of 1796 twenty-four members withdrew to

at
anon, where he yet resides, although not in active practice,
form the Canaan Lodge,

later twelve
New
Concord, and four years

to or-
and soon became a leading physician and preceptor of a
more
left
with
John W. Schermerhorn
number of young men who

profession.
attained eminent places in the
Among
others Dr. Peabody, of the Sandwich
Islands, Dr. Cole, of Pittsfield, Mass., Dr.
Lorenzo Gile, of
Canaan, and Dr.

his
instruction.
Wm.
C. Bailey, of
Chatham, were under

able
The well-known and
Dr. Joseph
Bates and his son, Xiris T., are also residents of this town.
new lodge at Nassau. In a year sixteen others withdrew to build up a new lodge at Stephentown, leaving the membership of Unity at forty-five. The Masters up to this period were: 1788-93, Eleazer Grant; 1794, Elihu Phinney; 1795, Ephraim Hunt; 1796, Eleazer Grant; 1797, Nathan Hand; 1798-99,
ganize a
Other physicians have been Doctors Hyde, Salmon, Hand,

King, Day, and the present Dr. Pcirce.
one of the most prominent.
Elisha Gilbert; 1800, Daniel Green; 1801, Seth Hill.
The Shakers have
From
eventful.
this
time until the anti-Masonic times the increase
had several able physicians, Dr. Garrett K. Lawrence being
of membership w;s small, and the history of the lodge un-
For the next ten years but one meeting per

held,
it
number of the
positions
gifted sons of
New Lebanon became

various State and
annum was
In 1844
meetings.
simply
to preserve
the organization.
distinguished at the bar, and have

national
filled
was deemed advisable

the minutes of the
loft, viz.
to
resume the regular

meeting
it
with
conspicuous
is
honor
and
ability.
From
first
:
appears
Foremost among these

life
Gov. Samuel J. Tilden, whose

in
that but nine

Bull, Jr.,
cer,
and
.services are detailed
a separate sketch
is
in
this
John John Murdock, David Harrington, Allen SpenElisha Gilbert,
members were
book.
this
Ex-Attorney-General Williams
town.
also a native of
Josiah Wait, Charles \V. Hull, Elias Gates, and Isaac

All of these were old or middle-aged men,
The
late
Hon. R. H.
Gillet
was one of the
Sails.
who had
most honored and unobtrusive men that ever graced State
an abiding faith in the future of Ma.sonry in
New Lebanon.
and national councils.

little,
The names
of Hons.
Edwin Doohighly
Their belief was not groundless.

lived but prospered.
Unity Lodge has not only

its
R. B. Andrews, Phineas
all
Hitchcock, and Fred. T.

disiinction, are
Best,
of
cherished in
reflected
in
whom have attained New Lebanon for the
worth which they have

In practice as attorneys
J.
upon their native town.
the
town were Alanson King. John Bull, Flavel
Booge,
Wm.
40
H. Tobey, and Geo.
J. Bull, the latter
having
members have become Grand Chaplain Churchill, Grand Master Joseph Enos, Grand King Elisha Gilbert, Grand High Priest Benjamin Eiicrs, Grand Scribe Ebenezer Wadsworth, and Grand Marshal John Bull. Since 1872 the lodge has held its meetings in the handof
Many
prominent
in
Masonic
circles,
notably
been the
last resident attorney.
some
hall in the
Guy
block,
and has enjoyed uninterrupted
314
NEW YORK.
hundred
years.
prosperity, being at present one of the most flourishing
traced back several
lodges in the county.
land and settled on

ancestor
Long
Island
about 1640.
to
They came from EngThe first

England
to
who came
to this
country returned
LEBANON ROT.\L ARCH CHAPTER,

at
NO. 13,
get his portion of

there,
some property which he was
heir to
Lebanon Springs, was chartered Feb. 3, 1802, but worked under a dispensation a short time before that period. As early as 1798 those advanced in Masonic
Island.
and was murdered on his return voyage to Long He left two sons as his survivors, and from them
sprang the family by the name of
Hand
on this continent.
degrees held meetings as Master
Mark Masons,
the lodge
The name
father of a
of one of these was
Joseph Hand, who was
having had eighty members when the chapter was formed. The first elective officers of Chapter No. 13 were Elisha
son by the same name,

also
who was
father of
Stephen Hand, who
had a son named Joseph, who
Samuel F. Junes, S. Gilbert, H. P.; John Butler, K. and the companions were Daniel Green, Joseph Enos, Zenas Barker, Silas Churchill, Seth Hill, and Zalmon
;
was the father of Samuel Hand, of whose life this sketch He was born in old Guilpartial record. is chiefly a
ford, Conn., in
1736, his father, Joseph Hand, having
re-
Skinner.
moved
to
there
from
Long
Island.
When
he was about
From 1827
sonry.
1840 the meetings of the chapter were

revive the chapter was not
it
seventeen years of age he was pre.ssed into the English

service,
suspended on account of the hostile feeling towards Ma-
and became a soldier
in
the old French war.
He
An
effort
to
imme1852,
served through four campaigns, and was with General Wolfe

at the taking of
diately successful,
and
was not
until
Feb.
5,
Quebec.
to
While
in the service he
had saved
Grand Chapter authorized such a movement, and and Henry Hull, K appointed Josiah Waite, H. P.
that the
;
sufficient
money
is
enable him to
make
a purchase of wild
to be in
lands in what
now New Canaan, supposed then

;
Charles
W.
Hull, S.
The chapter
it
at once called to its
the State of Massachusetts
but the establishment of the
membership many prominent Masons, and quickly advanced

to a position
boundary
line
proved
it
to
b" in the State of
New
York,
which has given

Its
a conspicuous place
in
among
the fraternity.
meetings are held
Masonic Hall, at
and covered by one of those numerous patents by which He lands had been granted by the crown of England.
therefore lost his a
title,
Lebanon Springs.
In the preparation of the foregoing the writer has been
and was
left
penniless.
But he was
Possessing a
in
man
fruitful
in
resources and expedients.
much
assisted
by Hampton C. Bull, Esq., and he expresses

to
natural mechanical genius,
a trait still
prominent
little
some
himself especially obligated
that gentleman
at his hands.
for
these
of his descendants,
and
by the aid of a
knowledge
and many other favors received
of house-carpentering, he obtained employment one season

in the
navy-yard as ship-carpenter or to aid
in
the con-
THE MILITARY HISTORY.

The
early settlers of the
struccion of vessels.
interest in
Such was
his close observation
and
of a
town took an active
readiness of resources that, by noting
down
in
his
memo-
the struggle for independence.
Mention has already been
randum-book the steps taken

vessel,
in
the construction
made
of some
who
aided the patriot cause,* and in addition
he was able the next year
to build
a small sloop for
appear the names of Asa Evans, Cornelius Earle, Ezra

Gates, Seba Moses, Ezekiel Merrill, Zena Goodrich, Eliah
himself, which he used for years to great profit in coa-sting
and
fishing,
and afterwards sold
to
two men
in
Fairfield,
Perkins, Peleg Spencer, and Nathan Young, as pensioners

in
Conn.
So successful had been
liLs
brief experience in
1840.
ship-building that he was hired to build a brig at Fairlate civil

filling
During the
by promptly
war the town aided the government
field,
but some circumstance induced him

;
to try the
land
the quotas a.ssigned her.

4,
notable
again instead of the sea
and before the month of Novem-
war-meeting was held Aug.

voted to be disbursed
18C4, when a large tax was

by Marvin Sackett,
ber had expired in which the brig was finished he purchased, in the town of Hancock, Ma.ss., one hundred and
fifty-five acres
to volunteers S. Carpenter,
Benjamin Perry, Anson

and
David B. Campbell,
Gillet,
of wild land, upon which he removed with

the last day of April, 1767.
Ira Hand, Allen B. Davis,
John Campbell, John B.
his family on
this wilderness
His career in
former expe-
Wm.
list
T. Pelton.
was quite as remarkable
as his
of soldiers credited to the town in the

will
War
of
rience had been.
He
remained here twenty years lacking

fifty
1861-65
be found elsewhere in this work.
one month, and cleared and cultivated two hundred and

acres of that heavily-timbered land,
making himself a home,

Boston and
and an influence which extended beyond the borders of the

State,
and was recognized both
at the capitol in
THE HAND FAMILY.
The great-grandfather of the present representatives of the Hand family of New Lebanon, Hon. Samuel Hand, was in many respects one of the most remarkable men among the pioneers of this section of the country. He
left
Albany.
For thirteen consecutive years he represented his
portion of the old
Bay
State in the Legislature at Boston,

in
was a justice of the peace, and the principal man

settlement where he resided.
personal influence
written by
it
the
As an
illustration
of his
may
here be stated that, by a petition
him
to
to
Governor George Clinton, of
New
York,
he procured the reprieve of Caleb T. Gardner, tried and
records by which the genealogy of the family can be

the
condemned
money,
be hung for knowingly passing counterfeit

repeated
efforts
after
by the ablest counsel had

facts
pii
history of the tow
failed to secure his pardon.
The
concerning
this are
!..-.>W^
1
hotos by J. K. Alii
Cli.-itham, N. Y.
SAMOEL HAND.
IRA HAND.
SAMUEL HAND.
Samuel Hand, named
after his grandfather
and great-
evenings and
lei.sure
hours at
home with
his
the family.
This
grandfather, was a son of Ira Hand, whose portrait and
habit, rigidly inculcated in
boyhood days, became a
biography also appear in this work.
Samuel Hand was
second nature
in
his after-life.
He
was possessed of a
next to the youngest of seven children of Ira and Martha
genial disposition,
warm
friendship, and kindly sympathies,
(Rose) Hand,
viz.,
Franklin, Frederick, Hiram, Chauncey,
being especially at home in attending and caring for the sick.
Chloe, Samuel, and
Herman Hand,
still
all
of
whom, except
He
was united
in
marriage to Mary A. Lord, daughter
Samuel and Frederick, are
living.
of Bernard H. Lord, of Nassau, Rensselaer county, Decem-
Samuel Hand was born July

stead
14,
1833, on the homeFranklin.

the
ber 30,
1863.
He
till
continued to
live
at
the homestead
now occupied by
his
brother
He
was
where he was born

with his wife
February
1, 186-4,
when he removed
reared as a farmer, and

schools
besides attending
common
to that portion
of the original estate of his

till
had the advantages of home
instruction, his father
grandfather at Lebanon Springs, where he resided

death,
his
being a well-informed man, and delighting to impart his
which occurred February 25, 1871,
in
his thirty-
knowledge on various subjects,

to
especially on mathematics,
eighth year, leaving Laura Grace and Samuel

his only two children, the latter of
Waddams,
his family as they were gathered around
him
in
the
whom
soon followed him,
winter evenings.
The
faculty for mathematics and kindred

trait in the early
departing this
life
July 27, 1872.
Mrs.
is
Hand
survives to
branches of mechanism was a prevailing
mourn
his loss
but her bereavement

life,
tempered by the
members of the family and has been inherited by

descendants.
direction,
this
their
this
consciousness of his upright

confidence reposed in
and the high esteem and
Ira
Hand had
natural
genius
in
him by
all
who knew him.
He
life
was was
was
and so aided
his children in their studies that in

in their school recitations.
man
of generous and noble impulses, and his
branch they excelled
Sam-
governed by principles of integrity and honor.
He
uel, besides attaining a
good English education, had a strong
always ready to lend a helping hand to enterprises for the
natural taste for the beautiful, which was displayed in the
good of society, and although not a church member himself he was active he
lived,
little
neatness and beauty of his handwriting and in the taste
in aiding
the interests of the church where

trustee.
manifested in fitting up and adorning his home.
For the
he had
and on whose board he served as

interest in politics
He
enjoyments and pastimes of domestic and

a strong attacTiment, having been brought
social life
had
beyond casting
office.
his vote at
up
to
spend his
elections,
and never sought nor hold
'
Frahkun Hand.
Mrs. FwANK-LiN Hand.
!-.^.^;>.^-<Vt77V-'^.^JF
'i'^-i: v'^'--^/-;
.";
RfSIDENCE
or
TRANKLIN HAN D, LEBANON SprinS6,
Mrs .^lANNAH
E /<ANO.
RESinCNCt
or
MRS. HANNAH E.HANO.NtW
LEBANON,
NT

well
NEW YORK.
315
kaown, and a copj of the origioal

is
petition,
with other
of
New
Lebanon, June 20, 1825, and was removed
to his
interesting papers,
in
the possession of Franklin
Hand,
present homestead by his father, in June, 1829, being then
of Lebanon Springs.
about four years of age.

constitutes the
His advantages
for education
were
In
1787 he purchased the farm which

occupied and improved
such as the
common
schools of that day afforded, to

intelligent
which
homestead of Franklin Hand, of one Gideon King, who
was added the inestimable blessing of
and highdevelop-
had
first
if,
erecting upon
in debt, a
it
a saw-
minded
parents,
whose influence
in his intellectual
mill, etc.
King had become

to
involved
for
portion of
ment and the moral

was reared two years
till
training of his childhood and youth,
which he owed
Mr. Hand
two hundred bushels of
cannot be too highly estimated.
Under
these influences he
wheat which he had purchased of him.

non, and
That debt was the

to
twenty-one years of age, when his father, to
moving cause which brought Samuel Hand
New
Leba-
encourage his independence and self-direction, employed him

to
made
his
numerous and
influential
descendants
work on the farm.
citizens of
New York
instead of Massachusetts.
King was
repeated
In 1846 his father bought the place known as the Spencer

farm, on which, in 1849, he placed Franklin and his brother
Frederick, giving each of them a further opportunity to
obliged to allow his place to be sold by the sheriff, and Mr.
Hand was
appealed to to purchase
it.
After
urgent solicitations, and the inducement to save the debt
manage
wife,
for themselves.
Franklin was married
to his first
which King owed him, he consented that they might bid

in for
it
it
him
at the sale,
and he would pay the price which
brought.
He
thus became owner of the estate, upon which

in the winter of
he removed from Hancock with his family

1787, and resided here
occurred
till
the time of his death, which
May
24, 1829, at the age of ninety-three years.

at this time
Lucy Jane Green, of Cayuga county, on the 27th of February, 1850. She died in April, 1852. He married for his second wife, Sept. 8, 1858, Mary M. Spaulding, daughter of John Spaulding, of Cayuga county. Two children have blessed this union, viz., Minnie Amanda and Olive Rose Hand.
In the spring of 1864, at the instance of his father, Mr.
The wealth of Mr. Hand

it
was unknown, and

a
was generally supposed that he had considerable money
Hand removed
from the Spencer farm
to the old
house of his
buried on the premises.

family vault to be buiit,
in
About 1812 he had caused

which he had buried
in
grandfather, which has been in the possession of the family

for almost a century.
his father,
In the settlement of the estate, upon
Joseph Hand, who died Sept. 18, 1798,

seventh year of his age, being the
therein.
first
the ninety-
the decease of his father, the homestead

session.
tions,
came
not
into his pos-
person interred
Valuable on account of
to
its
traditions
it
and associathe
Mr. Hand's remains

Jr., the son
rest in this family vault.
Mr. Hand has aimed
render
less so in
it
Samuel Hand,
and successor of Hon. Samuel

Dec. 14, 17G5, and
modem
income
the
improvements which he has made upon

e-state,
The
Hand, was
to
bom
in
Fairfield, Conn.,
inheritor of a large
in its
he has expended
liberally of its
removed with
his parents first to
Hancock, Mass., and thence
improvement and decoration, and has one of

in
this
New
Lebanon, at the dates above given, settling on the
most desirable homes

for
section
of the State.
farm now occupied by Horatio B. Mrs. H. E. Hand, widow of the
Hand and
late
his mother,
Highly esteemed
his
intelligence,
moral worth, and

in
Horatio N. Hand,
in the pursuit of
energy of character, he has twice represented his town

the board of supervisors
;
where he spent the remainder of his days

agriculture.
the second time, in 1878, he was
elected without opposition.

late
Ira
Hand, the father of Franklin and the

place.
Samuel
Hand, was born on the above

had been willed
to
May
31, 1799.
On
the death of his grandfather he removed to the place which
him
4,
now occupied
He
man
by Franklin Hand
was born
1807.
at
Lebanon Springs.
married Martha Rose, daughter

in
HORATIO NELSON HAND

New
Lebanon, Columbia Co., N. Y., Dec. 22,
of John Rose, of Stephentown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., April
1824, and reared seven children,
in
six
sons and one
He
was a son of Samuel and Chloe (Waddams)
daughter.
He was
a prominent
his town, serving

for
Hand,
early residents of the country,

at
who
settled first at
as justice of the peace
twenty years, and subsequently
Hancock, Mass., and then
Lebanon Springs, N. Y.
till
four or five years as
member
of the board of supervisors,
Horatio was brought up on his father's farm

years of age,
penter's
years.
twenty-one
to the carfive
over which body he several times presided, and was chair-
when he served an apprenticeship
man of
the committee on equalization in
1853.
In his
trade,
which occupation he followed about
family, in the social circle,
and
in his
neighborhood and town
he was a
man
of marked character and influence, shedding
everywhere the genial light of his intelligence, the bracing

energy of his integrity, and the warmth of his friendship
Hannah E. Gardner, April 25, 1833, daughter of Benjamin and Didemma Gardner, of Rensselaer The fruit of this union was five children, Co., N. Y.
married
three sons and two daughters,
viz.
:
He
all
living at this writing,
and
affection.
Few men have been more

he.
highly esteemed
life
and respected than
He
departed this
suddenly on
Y.
now Mrs. Ebenezer Smith Strait, of Troy, N. Cornelia, now Mrs. Charles B. Campbell, farmer, of
Louisa,
;
the 15th of October, 1864, in the sixty-si.xth year of his

age.
New Lebanon
Samuel, married Cornelia

;
Elliott, farmer,
Mrs. Hand, who was a lady
ol'
more than ordinary
residing at .NIalden, Columbia Co., N. Y.
Horatio Benja-
intelligence
and character, died Feb. 11, 1872, aged sixty-
min, married Mary Jane Waterbupy, and resides on the old
nine years.
homestead
in
New Lebanon
Albert,
is
married Mary
E.
Franklin Hand, the present worthy representative of the

family,
Dickerman, of Spencertown, and
farmer, residing in
was born on
his grandfather's farm, in the west part
North Chatham.
316
NEW YORK.
Ann
Cadsey, of Stephen-
a carpenter
Mr. Horatio N. Hand, afwr following the occupation of Hill farm" of his father, five years, hired the
'
William B. Cole married Mary

town,
Ren.sselaer
Co,,
in
1834, and has one daughter,
on which he resided fourteen years, when he purcliased tlie present homestead, which he greatly improved and enlar'êd,
erecting
Harriett M,,
now Mrs, Henry Royce, of New Lebanon.

laid
His
in
life
has been devoted to the quiet pursuits of a farmer,
new
his
buildings,
where
he
spent
the
remainder
which he has
up
competence
for his future years,
of his
life,
occupying an honored and respectable position

fellow-townsmen.
his
having bought out the heirs of both

father,
liLs
father and grandestate.
amoDZ
politics,
He was
Republican
in
and having a largo and valuable
He
has
and repre.sented
town several years on the board

offices
resided here from his birth, almost sixty-nine yeai-s at this
of supervisors, and also held other minor
of trust.
writing (July, 187S),
He
departed this
life
on the 10th of November, 18C2,

all
highly esteemed and respected by
who knew him.
Mrs.
Hand
still
survives him, and resides on the old homestead
with her son, Horatio B. Hand.
view of their beautiful
JOHN KENDALL.
Rev. Thomas Kendall, the grandfather of the above,
born
in Wa.s
place appears on another page of this work.
Massachusetts, and resided at an early time
in
the
town of Millbury, Worcester Co.
He
was
missionary
WILLIAM
B,
COLE
resides,
in
among
the Ktii-ragimset Indians, and chaplain during a por-
was born on the farm where he now

Lebanon, Columbia Co., N, Y., Marcli
son of Joseph and
in the 5,
New
is
tion of the Revolutionary war.
1810.
He
Thoma.s Kendall,
dall
Jr.,
the only son of Rev.
Thomas Kenin
Ruth (Gordon)
Cole, the former born

latter
who
arrived at maturity, was born in Millbury, Mas-
town of
New
Lebanon, Feb. 15, 1782, and the
sachusetts.
State,
He
married Olive Crane, of Oxford,

six
that
and had by her
sons and one daughter.

in
One
son by this
marriage died
his second wife
He Martha Sparawk, by whom

infancy.
to
married for
he had two
except the
daughters and one son, and the family
(all living
youngest son) removed
New
Lebanon, Columbia Co.,
N. Y.,
in
June, 1820.
The
subject of this sketch,

first
John Kendall, who was the

coiisef|uently,
oldest son by the
marriage, was b<irn in Northbridge,
Worcester Co., Mass., July 21, 1810, and was,

ten years old at the time of the removal.
His father was

life
a mechanical genius, and began
earlj' in
to
work and
His ex-
experiment
in
machinery
to
for his
own amusement.
periments led him
consider the principle of graduating
the degrees on the scale of the thermometer, and about the
year 1820 he invented a machine for that purpose, giving with great accuracy a division of degrees conforming to the
variations of calibre of the tube.
This was the great
diffi-
culty to be overcome in the construction of the thermometer,
and
it
was never successfully obviated

It
till
Mr. Kendall
in-
vented his machine.
was the
result of close
and accurate
niatheuiatical study, and the
must ingenious application of
mechanism,
Mr. Kendall perfected his own standard be-
WILLIAM
in
B.
COLE.
1785.
tween the boiling and freezing points so completely that Prof
Henry
Stephentown, Renasclaer Co., June
1.5,
says the degrees esUiblished by
Jacob
on
exactly to the best standards obtained in

pool.
him conform almost London and Liver-
Cole, the grandfather of William
was the
first .settler
it
the present farm,
when the
wilderness in which
Britain.
was
situ-
After his removal to
New
Lebanon he established the

barometer
ated was under the crown of Great
The house
manufacture of thermometers, which ho continued during

his
life,
shown
in
in the
engraving was built by him more than a hun-
and
also constructed a
for his
own
u.se.
dred years ago.
He
was of German descent, and was born
He
died at the age of forty-five, in December, 1831.
New York
city, Oct. 13,
1743; he died June

under
18, 1848,
His son, John Kendall, inheriting much of his mechanical genius,
aged one hundred and
live years.
Before he came here he

'
and being brought up with him, naturally became
had been what

in the city of
is
known
as a " light pilot

in
his father
interested in his father's occupation, and after the death of
New
York, engaged
guiding vessels into
the latter took
up the
business, and has followed
it
most of
the harbor.
the time since, building and
furnishing his present wellin the
The place on which Mr. Culc lives has been handed down to him from his grandfather. His father, Jo.seph
Cole, thougli born
in
equipped shop, and introducing many improvements
way of machinery.
principal attention
In
1832 he added the manufacture of

the other branch of his
Rensselaer county, was brouglit up
barometers, which he has continued to make, although his

is
here, and died here Sept. Is, 181'J,aged thirty-seven yeai-s.
devoted
to

occupatioQ.
NEW
i3
YORK.
well advanced, although
317
Within the past
ten
or twelve years
lie
has
"
The
E.'cpositioo
we observe new exown.
increased the capacity of his machinery so that he can
now
hibits in nearly all the sections, espociilily in our
There
is
one
of which
wc cannot,
resist the tcmiitation of
giving a detailed aceuunt,

is in
produce,
if
needed for the market, from forty to forty-five
namely, that of Messrs. Tilden k Co.

black walnut and
gilt,
The hiindsome pavilion
dozen thermometers per day.

his father
secret,
is
The machine invented by

use,
uphid.'tcred in blue granite cloth, bordered

to
now, however, no longer monopolized or kept a

fjeiieral
with red:
it is
arranged so as
cover the entire exhibit at night,
but has come into
and the competition

Mr.
has very
much reduced
the profits of manufacturing.
Kendall, however, makes a very popular thermometer, and

supplies a fair share of the
demand throughout the

to
all
country.
He was
married in 1832
Deborah Avery, of
daughters.
New
and during the morning interval of sweeping the aisles. Like the majority of the American and English exhibits, the curtains remain closed during Sunday: a fine gilt eagle surmounts the top of the large pavilion, inclosed by a railing of maroon, black, bronze, and gilt. The roof is sky-blue. The ceiling is blue satin, with gilt mouldings and rosettes in the corners. The exhibit consists of solid
and
fluid extracts,
sugar-coated
in
pills, elixirs,
syrups, chemicals, crude

:
Lebanon, and has three children,
Though
articles, etc.,
which are
handsome
gilt-labeled bottles
both bottles
an earnest advocate of Republican principles, and sometimes a hard worker at elections, he has never sought nor desired
office
for
himself
He
is
universally esteemed for his in-
on pyramidal counters covered with crimson velvet bordered with gilt. In the centre of the pavilion is a desk, upholstered in a style in keeping witli all the surroundings, at
and jars
set in alphabetical order
tegrity
sition
and uprightness of character, and his genial dispo-
has
made him many warm
friends.
which the courteous and popular representative of Messrs. Tilden i Co. presides. This desk is behind a brass railing, highly polished, around which visitors arc allowed to walk. We cannot speak too
highly of the taste displayed
in the
choice of colors, the carpet being

the cases.
mottled bl.ack and red,
in
harmony with the velvet on

of our exhibitors
Wc
HENRY
was born April
Columbia
1,
A.
in
TILDEN
New
Lebanon,
learn that Dr. Mcrkcl, at this early date, has reudercd professional
service
to
more than
sailors,
fifty
1821,
the town of
marines and
diseases.
who were
suffering from malaria
and commissioners, and other

.t
Co., N. Y.,
and hxs spent his days here for the

at
mosrltert, except
when absent
school.
In 1843 ho
war, Tilden
lospital use,
Co. shipped large

favor;ililc
with very
became
in
in part interested in a business

to lay the
is
which induced him

death to amputation;
nJ that since the disciples of .Moth their limbs cut

off.
1847
foundation of the extensive business in
they jireler
which he
now engaged,
the
manufacture of chemicals
the bromo-chloralum, diluted in water
applied on lint to the wounds, in
many
cases
and removed the necessity
and medicinal preparations

fession,
for the use of the medical pro-
and which
in
has become one of the largest interests
of the kind
the United States.
The
business embraces
detail
a great variety of articles,

in their
and hence involves great
Large quantities of their medicines arc of the surgeon's knife. consumed, nut only in the United States, but also in Canada, South America, Cuba. Sandwich Islands, Japan, England, and Australia. The firm contemplate opening a branch hou'e in London next year,
in
handling and management, requiring not only com-
order to supply the foreign market.
Tilden & Co.'s exhibit

:
is
the
largest
and
finest of its
kind
in the
whole exhibition
highly inter-
plete order
and system, but a knowledge and an assortment

in
esting and instructive to foreigners, to
Frenchmen
marvelous
extent and accuracy, combined with groat
had no idea of the importance and rank of

facturers."
who our chemists and manuin particular,
organizing and executive qualities.

is
For these Mr. Tilden

be found
noted, and his laboratory and shops afford one of the
best
examples of organization
in
business to
anywhere.
In connection with this business Mr. Tilden early organized a printing department, and since
1857 has published
the Jotmial of Materia Medtca, a monthly periodical, with

a circulation at this time of over twenty thousand copies.
He
of
al.so
edited and published a "
Book of FormukB" of
pages, which
is
over four hundred pages, and a supplement to the Juiinuil

Millet in
in
MeJica of over three hundred
now
the hands of nearly every physician, and which
contains an epitome of the properties of the indigenous
materia medica of the United States, and has become a
book of reference for physicians.
The composition and
printing of these books, as well as circulars, catalogues,

labels,
etc.,
is is
carried on
in
Mr. Tildeu's establishment,
which
sizes.
furnished with several power-presses of ditferent
Mr. Tilden was married

ter
in
1844
to
Susan Gould, daugh-
of General Gould, of Rochester, N. Y., and has six
children living,
two sons and four daughters.

him
at
The
sons,
at tliis writing, are in business with
New
Lebanon.
The
business firm of Tilden
Co., with
their usual
made arrangements to place their goods in a suitable manner before the International Exposition, at A letter dated Paris, June Paris, duriirg the present year.
enterprise,
19, 1878,
says,

318
HISTORY OF C0LU3IBIA COUNTY,

solicited,
NEW
YORK.
was
and was grateful
to
his failing vision,
when
in
the competence he gradually accumulated, nor in the

it
the final hour was near.
habitual benevolence and cordial hospitalities with which

the Tilden family, he maintained
life
As
the elder
member of
was administered, nor

speech which were so
fit
in
the gentle manners and
kind
during a long and honored

traditions
the political principles and
an index of his pure and capacious
which were
like an
atmosphere
in his father's
heart, can a biographer
and friend
find
all
the lineaments
house.
He
inherited, also, or prolonged, that
something
of the portrait which he would fain trace for a memorial.
indefinable of personal
influence or weight of character

it
Nor do
these alone explain

Pittsfield,
why one
or two
thousands
which had made
his father the oracle of the vicinage, as
thronged from
Albany, Chatham, and Kinder-
made him
itself
a foremost and respected citizen.

its
The
and
republic
hook, along with his neighbors of
New Lebanon
and the
has received
best stamp of perpetuity from
men
if
Shaker
village, to
do honor
to his
memory and
replace his
like these,
who
sincerely loved their country
its insti-
ashes in their native earth.
The reverend gentleman who
tutions of freedom,
in office looked
who were
was
his
not seekers of
as
office,
but
stood beside his bier went nearer to the heart of the matter
upon themselves
merely chosen servants

of
course,
when he found
his text in the gospel of
Luke and
the
of the people.
He
identified,
locality,
with the
character of Joseph of Arimathea, ' a counselor, a good
largest enterprises in
and
his aid or advice
man, and a just."

this, that it
For the quality of
his goodness
;
was
were sought
in
any new path struck out by the energies of
was without ostentation or profession
it
had
his fellow-citizens, and in every shifling phase or serious
the grace of a genuine humility; in that which concerned the public

in
far,
it
extremity of public
afiairs.
At
the locul and State con-
was without a
sinister or self-seeking
it
thought;
to
ventions of his party he was often a delegate, and always a

sagacious counselor.
that which
concerned individuals
was just
the
There, too, his cautious, watchful
and
to the near
was governed by the golden

all
rule,
diligence and unforced sagacity of counsel made his place good and his remembrance cherished among the disinterested and upright of both political parties.
precept matchless in the religions of
ages.
He
died
avowing a personal
and
faith in the incarnate, crucified, laSisen,
atoning, interceding Saviour, the "

living."
Lord both of the dead
Yet, neither in
all
these circumstances of his career, nor
CANAAN.
Canaan
of King's
is
the second, from the north, of the towns on
home was
in the
northern part of the town, and was a noted
the eastern border of the county, and was originally a part

district.
place of rendezvous for the
It received its present
and was reduced

aspect of the
to its
surface
it in
name in 1788, present area in 1818. The general is mountainous. The Taghiianic
times of the Revolution.
Whigs during the troublous The garret of his house was
sometimes used
to confine
such of his Tory neighbors as
range traverses
the eastern part, from north to south,
had been deemed dangerous by the committee of safety. In the army he held the rank of major, and was esteemed
a brave man.
with ridges and spurs extending into the interior.

of these attain an elevation of about five hundred
Some
and
His sons were Asa, Zebulon, John, and

settled Gamaliel
feet,
Horatio Gates.
are covered with a growth of stunted pine, or have out-
At Queechy
pioneer,
Whiting, in 1763.
two
croppings of rocks in bare ledges.

hills
Many
is
of the smaller
years' residence convinced
him
that he was unfit to be a

to
are composed of slate-rock, which
constantly disinsoils,
whereupon he returned
in
Connecticut and sold
tegrating,
mixed with
flinty stones
and
rendering
his interests in a large tract of land to his brother,
William
them; susceptible of cultivation.
In other parts, slate of
B.,
who came on
1765.
He
at
once took position as

in developing the
excellent quality, of a deep-blue color, can be obtained in

plates
one of the leaders of the various interests
of various sizes and almost any thickness.
Magsil-
country, and actively engaged in the struggle for independence.
nesian limestone abounds, and several kinds of minerals, as

lead, iron ores,
In
command
of his regiment, he marched for Sara-
and galena, with a limited proportion of

but not
soil
toga to join Gen. Gates.
During
his absence his
enemies
ver, are found,
in quantities to
is
pay the expense of

fertile,
destroyed his mill.
Colonel Whiting's sons were Daniel,

;
mining.
a clay
The
in the valleys
generally
being
who removed
Intelligencer
;
to
Troy
Nathan, the editor of the

in
Religiiiiis
admixed with
schistic
gravel,
and produces large
Samuel, a book publisher

on
the
New York
is
city
crops of grass and the various cereals.
John, who
is
remained
homestead, which
J.
now
In the northeastern part of the town
Queechy
lake, a
cir-
owned
in part
by
his son,
Henry
There were
also three
very fine body of pure water, more than three miles in
daughters, one of
whom
married Jason Warner, and another
cumference.
Its
outlet
formed a
mill
stream, having a
it
Colonel Tiffany, of Utica.
general westerly course into the town of Chatham, where

unites with a brook from the central part of
In the month of February, 1764, came William Warner,
Canaan
to
its
from South Canaan, Conn., and
settled at
Canaan Centre,
form Steeny creek.

low banks,
is
Flat brook, so called on account of
where he opened an inn near the present Presbyterian

church.
in the eastern part,
and a branch of the Kline

springs and small brooks
He
died Oct. 23, 1776.
Of
his thirteen children
Kill in the southwest.
Numerous
water the town well, and secure good drainage.
Although Canaan was in part included
in
the lower
named William, Jonathan, Jason, Lupton, The well-known authoress John, Daniel, and James. Anna Warner is a descendant of Jason's family. Henry
there were sons
L., a
Rensselaer manor, but a limited portion was settled under

its
grandson of Lupton,
is
the only male descendant in
provisions.
tlie
tract, " six miles
square," was purchased
town.
from
Stockbridge Indians, lying partly in this town,
and
in
the eastern part were small grants,
made by the
same
a
Aaron Kellogg, from Wethersfield, Conn., came to the In 1782 he erected locality in the April following.
is
General Court of Massachusetts, before the State bounds
house on the turnpike, which
now occupied by D. W.
were adjusted.
These are more
fully noted in the general
Curtis, having his
name and
date of building engraved on
history of the county.

It is
the door-handle.
in
His sons were Joseph, Aaron, Martin,
no easy matter,
exact date of
view of the conflicting testimony,
Robbins, Clinton, and John.
Edward Kellogg,
Esq., a son
to fix the
of Aaron, Jr., yet resides at Canaan Centre.
Soon
after the
Warners and Kelloggs came Elihu
Curtis,
THE FIRST
There
town was
is
.SETTLE.MENT.
from Dutche.ss county, and settled near Flat Brook.

son of his, Samuel A., was the
in
first
a general claim that the southern part of the

in
white male child born
settled
1750, but we cannot learn anything

will
town.
He became
left
tanner,
amassing considerable
position in town afS.
about the parties that
warrant any such conclusions.
property, and atUiining a prominent

fairs.
The
general settlement of the town did not begin until after
He
is
two sons, Samuel A. and Daniel
The
lived
17tj0,
and but few came before 1766.

first.
Asa Douglas was
former
yet living at Flat Brook.
Near Whiting's
settlers.
one of the
He had
an interest in the " Six-Miles-
Wm.
Aylesworth and Zebulon Robbins, early
Squaie"
tract of land,
conveyed by the Massachusetts In-
North of Red Rock was Daniel Lovejoy,

having a son, Daniel, who was killed
in
pioneer,
dians, in 1758,
and was the means of inducing many of his
the
Revolution.
Connecticut
friends to
come
to
the
new country.
His
Other sons were Benjamin, Justus, and Ebenezer.
Two
319
320
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUiNTY,

latter,
NEW
YORK.
sons of the
John W. and Hezekiah,

in
reside at
New
The
first
annual meeting of the district was held at the
Concord.
house of Grixson Frisbie,

the
May
5,
1772, and was organized

proceeded, with
;
Ebenezer Cady was

as 1760.
same neighborhood
as early
by choosing Daniel Buck, moderator, and Martin Bebee,

clerk for the district.
Of
his family there were David, Elias, Elijah,
The
election then
Ebenezer, and Eleazer, whose descendants yet live in town. West of these was John Bebee, whose sons were Daniel,
Russell,
the following effect

lector, Daniel
Supervisor,
Wm.
B. Whiting
Col-
Buck
Constables, Martin
;
Hawley, William
Lovejoy,
and John.
fine
The
latter
became a weaver, and made
Jarvis, and
first,
Philip Frisbie
Poorraasters, Daniel
;
some remarkably
goods for those times.

in
and
Jarvis
first,
Mudge, second
first,
Fence-viewers, Aaron
;
South of Red Rock,
what
is
now
Austerlitz,
David
Kellogg,
ters,
and Eleazer Phinney, second

and Elijah
Poundmassecond
Grifiith, for
Barret purchased a large tract of land about 1765, on
Ebenezer Cady,
Gifford,
which
Ezra
his sons
John, David, Daniel, Jeremiah, Elijah, and
Tithing-Men,* Jarvis
;
Mudge and Elnathan
settled.
Two
the
sons of the latter, Egbert S. and
Anson
E., are
well-known citizens of Chatham.
little
north of
Red Rock was
home of the Ford

day
is
family,
and the manJona-
sion erected there at an early
yet standing.
New Lebanon Samuel Wheeler and Joseph Wood, for New Britain David Wright, Jr., and William Warner, John Bebee and Ebenezer Cady, for for Now Canaan New Concord Nathaniel Culver, for Philipstown John
; ; ;
than Ford was a lieutenant in the American army in the
Blair, for the southeast of King's district.

" Voted,
Revolution
Joseph G. Ford was born
in
Canaan
in
1787,
is
and became a very distinguished surveyor.

one of the oldest and most respected in town.
The
family
end of the
district.
That Ebenezer Cady's yard be the pound for the south district, and Elijah Gifford's for the north end of the
Smith Park
Conn.
army.
settled here in
1780, coming from Sharon,
"Voted, That the aeKl meeting be held at the house of Grixson

Frisbie."
son of his served three years in the Continental
Other early
a descendant of the Pilgrims,
district
and town-meetings were held
at the
Simeon Doty, Canaan

the
in
removed
to
houses of Solomon
Demon and Jonathan Warner.

time:
Town
"
Barrett Dyer. " "
Clerks.
1760, taking up the place now owned by A.

in April,
The
1773
following have been the principal town officers from
Freehan, where he died

finst
1807.
He was
one of
to the present
deacons of the
New
Concord church.
His sons
sol177.3
Siiperviaors.
were John, Joseph, Samuel (who was a Revolutionary

dier,
tiiken
prisoner by the British, and nearly starved),
W.
and Simeon.
cord,
grandson, D. S. Doty, lives at
Now
Con-
and other descendants of the old Doty family are in

afterwards became Canaan Post-Office settled
the county.
At what
the Frisbies.
Philip Frisbie erected a house at thatpoint,
which yet remains.

Roswell B.
since the
first
His sons were Gideon, Samuel, and

the family have lived here ever
Members of
settlers
settlement of the town.
Other early
were Mathew Hawley, the Wilcox
family, the Baldwins, and

in the civil lists,
many
others whose names appear
church
histories,
and other records given
in this
work.
In the
last
two decades the population of
1774 1775 1776 1777 177S 1779 1780 1781 1732 1783 1784 1735 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792
179.3
B. Whiting. Martin Bibce.
Abraham Uolmes.
" Philip Frisbie.
Mathew Adgate.
"
"
Ezra Murray.
"
"
"
"
" " ..Martin Bebee.

" " Philip Frisbie.
" " "

"
" "
"
"
"
William Powers. " " " " Mathew Adgate. " William Powers. " " Jonathan Warner.
Elisha Gilbert. Patrick Hamilton.
" "
"
Jonathan Warner,
" "
" "
"
"
the town has changed materially,
many of
the old families
removing.
In 1875 the
total
population was 1700,
males,
824
females,
876
native,
1492
foreign, 208.
In the northeastern part of the town are several Shaker

families connected with the society at
Mount Lebanon. They
1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800

1801
Aaron Kellogg.
Elihu Gilbert. Benjamin Tobey. Eleazer Grant. ' " William Aylesworlh.
" " Elihu Phinney. " " " " " " Nathan Noyes.
Jason Warner.
"
"
" "
"
"
" "
number about
seventy-five persons.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
The
King's
northeastern part of the county formerly constituted

district,
and
was formed
'*-by
virtue of an
Act
made and
pas-sed
by his Excellency the Governor, the
Council, and the General
Assembly of the Province of New

'
1302 IS03 1804 1805 1806 1807 1308 1309 1810 1811 1312
1813..
Jonathan Wiirucr. John Whiting.

"
"
" "
"
"
" "
"
"
" John King.

"
'
"
Elias Warner.
" " Jason Warner.

" "
Reuben
"
Swift.
"
Daniel Warner.
" Peter Van Vlcck. Daniel Warner. " " " Ela'm Tildcn. Peter Van Vlcek.
Nathan Whiting. John Hamilton.
York, bearing date March 24, 1772, and entitled an

to
Act
Divide the Counties of Albany and Tvyon
into Dis-
tricts.' "
all
As
originally erected.
King's
district
embraced
of the present towns of Canaan,
New
Lebanon, the
in
east
thrcefoBrths of Chatham, and
1314 1815 1316 1817 1813 1319
Jason Warner.
John Hamilton.
Thaddeus Elmore. John Hurailton.
Austerlitz
part.
The
inhabitants were principally natives of

for their public spirit
affairs.
New
England,
-
and were noted
and the method which
These
officers
duct of the inhabitants, in a manner similar

safety which were afterwards appointed.
were charged with a general oversight of the conto the committees of
characterized their civil

Snpervisore.
NEW YORK.
321
1S20 1S21 1822
Samuel A.
"
Curtis.
Town Clerks. Tbaddeus Elmore.

Daniel Smith, Jr.
1823 1824 1823

182fi
" "
Daniel Warner. Allen Barstow.
Tbaddeus Elmore. John Hamilton. Joseph G. Ford. John E. Warner.

Chester Beale.
Henry Warner.
Roawell B. Frisbie.
1827 1828 182a 1830

18.31
John E. Warner.
Jonathan 0. Allen. William W. Janes.
Isaac S. Gilford.
1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847
1S48..
Moses Brarahall. Joseph G. Ford. Moses Brauihall. Uriah Edwards. Moses Bramhall.
Daniel S. Curtis. Calvin Herrick.
Lewis W. Hall. William W. Janes. Richard H. Ashley. William W. Janes.
James Warner. John E. Warner. Henry C. Barnes. Hiram D. Ford.

William A. Lord.
David Parsons.
Lorenzo D. Ford. Joseph C. Ford. John E. Warner.
Daniel D. Barnes.
John E. Warner.
'
John C. Clark. Henry C. Jewell.
Robert Reynolds.
Daniel D. Barnes. Lorenzo D. Ford. Moses Bramhall.
Edward Kellogg.
David Ford, Jr. Philo B. Blinn.
George W. Lovejoy.
Henry H. Brown.
Alva Frisbie.
Daniel D. Barnes.
1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1838 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1807 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 18741875 1878 1877 1378
Samuel A. Barstow.
Lorenzo Uile. Samuel A. Barstow. Uussel Cady. Chester Brown. Samuel A. Barstow. Henry J. Whiting. Samuel A. Barstow. Lorenzo Gile.
D.iniel S. Curtis.
Aaron Kellogg. Asa D. Cornwall.

George W. Lovejoy. Lc Roy L. Brown.
Daniel D. Warner.
Asa
S. Bates.
George W. Frary. George W. Lovejoy.

Valentine J. Wilcox.
John J. Van Derburgh. George T. Howes. Samuel A. Curtis.

Joseph C. Ford. Tason H. Johnson.
Daniel
Asa
S. Bates.
W.
L.
Curtis.
Wm.
Asa
S.
Woolworth.
Lorenzo Uile.
S. Bates.
Lo Roy
Brown.
" Joseph R. Hemingway.
George T. Howes. Robert Reynolds.
John M. Barnes.
Lorenzo Gile. " " " "
Le Roy
Charles "
L.
Brown.
George 0. Wilcox.
W. Havens.
Asa
S. Bates.
"

Appointed by
the GovernorB.
322

committees of the province upon mata
NEW
YORK.
to confer with other
meeting
to
be held, June 16, 1777, to elect o5cers ac-
ters pertaining to their
mutual good.
This the
district, at
cording to the provisions of the new constitution, adopted

in spite
is
a speci;d meeting held Feb. 8, 1775, declined to do.
But
of the good people of King's
district.
The
record
a committee of correspondence and safety, composed of Nathaniel Culver, Peter Guernsey, Theophilus Jackson,
thus given
" Agreeable to orders from the Sheriff of the County of
Ma-
thew Adjiate, Asa Waterman, Asa Douglas, and Robert

Bullis,
Albany, the inhabitants of King's
District,
Stephentown,
and
Wm.
B. Whiting, clerk, was appointed at the
and a part of Claverack, met
at the hou.se of
elect a
Solomon De-
annual meeting,
May
2,
1775, and thenceforth the

its
district
mons, ye 16th day of June, to
Governor, Deputy-
appeal's to not only
have followed
neighbors in protesting
Governor, Senate and Assembly to
oflBcer the Constitution
again.st the oppressive
measures of -the parent country, but
formed by the Convention

meeting."
for this State,
Colonel William
actually led in this direction.
B. Whiting and Captain John Bebee, conductors of said
A
when
will
memorable
special
meeting was held June 24, 1776,
the inhabitants declared themselves independent, as

:
The conductors
with the business
to elect officere
expressed themselves ready to proceed

in
be seen from the minutes of that occasion
hand, but the people were not minded
"
At
a meeting of the inhabitants of King's District, in
under a constitution which they had rejected,
the Countj' of Albany, legally warned by the Committee of

said County, at the house of
in
and made a move that the conductors should try the minds
of the "people whether they would
officer the
William Warner, innkeeper,

the 24th day of June, 1776,
same.
This
said District, on
Monday
plan being adopted, those favorable to the measure were to
for the purpose of electing twelve delegates to represent
move
to the north,
and those opposed
to the south. to
The
the
said
County
in the Provincial
Congress, be voted
this
First,
division being called, the people
moved unanimously
or act under
its
that Daniel
Buck be moderator of
meeting; second,
;
north, thus again expressing their contempt for the constitution

It
thaC the present Committee's clerk be clerk of this meeting

third, that the District's
by their
refusal to officer a
it,
provisions.
to
books bo delivei'ed to the care of
was then voted that
committee be appointed
draw up
as griev-
said
Committee's clerk until the next District meeting
a remonstrance against the articles they looked

ous, and to lay
it
upon
fourth, that a committee be chosen by this meeting for the
before the proper authorities, so that they
purpose of drawing up instructions for a new form of gov-
might know why the_ inhabitants rejected the same, and

pray for redress.
ernment
to
be introduced by said delegates.
The committee
consisted
of Esquire
" TIte qnestioii Luing put, whether the said District chooses
to
Nathaniel Culver, Dr. Nicholas Harriss, Captain George
have the [lui'ed American Colonies intlepeiiJeut o/ Great

voted unnnimonsly in the
iiffivTnative.
Jiritaiii,
White, Captain Eleazer Grant, Captain John Salsbury, Captain Daniel Hull, and Lieutenant Jarvis Mudge.
" Voted,
" Filth, voted that William B. Whiting,
Asa Waterman,
That the
said
Committee make returns of their

Tuesday of July next.
Philip Frisbie, Martin Behee, Elisha Pratt, Capt. Baldwin,
doings to the inhabitants of said District, at the house of
Daniel Buck, Elijah Bostwick, Gideon King, Jarvis Mudge,
Jonathan Warner, on the

support the
first
Samuel Johnson, John
Gillel,
Lieutenant Herrick, Joseph
" Voted, unanimously, that

officers
we
will
protect, defend,
and
Wood, John Wadsworth, and Samuel Bailey be a Committee to drjiw up instructions for the purpose aforesaid."
of the militia and the Committee of
Safety in the execution of their office."
committee of inspection was
also appointed this year,
At
the July meeting, above provided,

is
it
was voted " That
1776, which was composed of John

Frisbie,
Bebee,
Jr.,
Philip
every person that
an inhabitant
in
any
District,
to
Town, or
have the
Mathew Adgate, Asa Douglas, Nehemiah Fitch, Peter Guernsey, Reuben Burlingame, and Samuel Bailey.
Manor
officer
in this State has a right,
and ought
privilege, of voting for a
Governor, Senate, and Assembly to
number of
special
meetings were held
in
the early
a Constitution, or to form the Legislative Authority
part of 1777, to consider the
new
constitution proposed for

it,
of the State."
the State
but King's district refused to adopt
and gave
From
this period until
December, 1777, several meetwas voted " that Nathaniel

District,
the matter a final consideration in June, 1777. " According to adjournment, the inhabitants of King's
District
ings were held without resulting in any important action.
On
the 8th of that month
it
met
at the
house of Jonathan Warner, on Tues-
Culver be the Representative of the

following be
Enlisters:
and that the

King,
day, the 10th day of June, 1777, Major Daniel
Buck being
Peter
Guernsey, Gideon
moderator.
" 1st.
John
iel
Gillet, Elisha Gilbert,
Noah
Gridley, Samuel Allen,
Voted, That the Constitution formed by the Con-
Increase Childs, William Warner, Jonathan Ford, Nathan-
vention of this State be rejected, and not be adopted by the
Rowley, Timothy Brainard, Noadiah Moore, Nathan
good people of this State.

said vote, requested the
Mathew Adgate
to
absented from
Herrick,
Edward Wheeler, Jacob Vosburgh, and Ezra

later
same
be recorded.
this Dis-
Allen."
" 2d. Voted, That the

trict
be invested with
full
Committee of Safety for power to try all cases of
A
the
few months
the vexed questions pertaining to

"
trespass,
new
constitution received a final disposition.
At a
wherever committed
inhabitants.
" 3d.
in this District
upon the lands of the
meeting of the inhabitants of King's
District, held at the
house of Jonathan Warner, on Monday, the 23d day of
Voted, That this meeting be adjourned to Tues-
March, 1778, said meeting being
legally
to
day, the 1st day of July next, and to be held at the house
Committee of Safety
for
King's District,
named by the know whether

of
of Jonathan Warner,
in said District."
the inhabitants thereof would accept a remonstrance drawn
Meanwhile, the sheriff of the county of Albany directed
up against the Constitution formed
for the regulation
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTr,

this State
NEW YORK.
to
323
by a certain Contention chosjn

;
for thit
purpose
with a fixed and firm determination

rights,
defend our fortunes,

religious,
ye 16th of June, 1777
and whether they would forward
and
privileges,
both
to
civil
and
and that
the same to the Honorable Senate and Assembly of this

State,
we have
Britain."
risked our
all
this
end, and that
we have
and do
all
other business thought necessary to be
not shrunk back
from the
terrible
armaments of Great
necessary on that day.

" Voted, that the remonstrance
drawn up against the
Constitution, road this day to the inhabitants, be rejected,
and that no remonstrance go forth against said Constitution in the
name of
this District.
we
will
support the Consti-
last tax did much distress who had spent so much in defense of the country, " and that a great number of those parasites, who stimulated and aided Great Britain, murdering many innocent people, and who are now with the instruments of death
It
was further urged that the
the good people
tution formed for the regulation of this State (with the rest
actually stabbing us to the vitals,

ful
upon joining our power-
of our brethren and fellow-citizens) with our lives and our

fortunes.
and haughty
foe,
they
prize,
left
with us lands and property
which are an actual
and which the representatives

to dispose of,
" Voted, that the letter sent to Colonel

ing, in the
Wm.
B. Whitread,
have an undoubted right

"
and which
if
not
names of individuals, which copy has been
done would bankrupt those who had espoused the American

cause."
now be
sent by Ezra Murray, Dbtrict Clerk, to the said
And
those butchers
who
are
now cutting our
Colonel Whiting, in the

" Voted, that
name of
all
the whole District.

in this
throats with a treaty of peace with England, will be restored

to
we
rescind
former votes passed
their forfeited estates, if they are not sold before that
District relative to the present Constitution
formed for
this
period arrives, and they become our rulers, and by that
State."
means have
this time the land titles of
it
in
their
power
to legally
murder
all
those
About
many
citizens
were
jeopardized, owing to divers

tract of land,
Indian
claims to the same
and other conflicting claims.

it
At
the annual
who have opposed them. In which case it may be justly " said, we are our own executioners.' The petition concludes that prudence and the common
'
meeting, in May, 1778,
was " Voted, that the following
welfare would dictate the sale of the property, while
it
is
persons be a committee to consult and agree upon
some genand that
yet within the power of the representatives to

disposition of
it.
make such a
eral plan for this District to petition for the lands,
the said committee
make
returns to the inhabitants of their
In 1781, Gideon King, Aaron Peabody, Jonathan Warner, Elijah Skinner,
doings on the
first
Tuesday of June next."
Committee,
Samuel Banford, Aaron Kellogg, Reu-
Hezekiah Baldwin, Elisha Pratt, Philip Frisbie, Nehemiah

Fitch,
ben Murray, Josiah Clark, John Gray, Ezra Murray, Josiah
Moses Jones, Daniel Herrick, Nathaniel Culver,

report
Warner, Ebenezer Cady, John Blinn,

pointed informing
Wm.
it is
Babcock,
Wm.
William Warner, and Ezra Allen.
Savage, Solomon Demon, and Jonathan Preston were apofficers,

;
The
of the Stat* of
recommended that the Senate and Assembly New York be petitioned for a confirmation
Captain Philip Frisbie, John Bebee, Ezra
'
whose duty
to stop people
all
traveling on the Sabbath
to take
notice of
breaches of
of the lands in said district to the possessor and the occu-
the pjace and treasonable practices, and enter complaint to the proper authorities, that offenders
justice."
pant thereof.
may
be brought to
Murray, Matthew Adgate, Elisha Pratt, and Joseph

were selected
to prepare the petition to bear it to the ]jegislatnre.
Wood
and appoint an agent
On
the 6th of
Ebenezer Cady, Ebenezer
on record as being
May, 1783, the inhabitants put themselves still of the opinion that the Tories had
:
Benjamin, Eleazer Grant, Daniel Herrick, and Theodore
forfeited their property
Jackson were
said agent.
tlers,
to collect
money
to defray the
bill
expenses of
we
will
support to the extent
The
Legislature passed a
to secure
relieving the settitle.
of our ability the laws of this State which have been passed
against those persons
and enabling them

special meeting,
undisputed
who have borne arms
against this or
At a
June
15, 1779, " Voted, unaniwill
either of the thirteen United States of America,
any time
mously, that the District shall and
pay
all
such cost
since the Declaration of Independence, except those persons
and charges that
shall necessarily arise in
consequence of
who have
tions.
already received pardon from former proclama-
the I'oorraaster's taking care of and supporting the poor in

a proper, charitable, and Christian manner. " Voted, unanimously, that the Representatives for the
" Voted, that no person
who
has borne arms against the
said States, being a resident of, or in,
America
at the
com-
County of Albany
in
General Assembly be instructed
to
bill
mencement of the
said war, shall return, on
any pretext
;
use their most vigorous exertions to have a confiscation
whatever, to reap the advantages of Independence
and
all
immediately passed, on
are inimical to the
all
the estates of those persons

States.
who
property confiscated by law doth of right belong to said

States.
American
" Voted, that the District clerk send a copy of the above
votes to the General
" Voted, that no such
person as aforesaid shall ever
Assembly of
this State."
hereafter have any residence in this District, and that the
Sis months
later,
on the 5th of January, 1780, the
members of the Assembly be

tion of
instructed about the disposiDistrict
right of the enemies of the country to hold property was
the
inhabitants of said
respecting
the
again considered.
It
was then determined
to
memorialize
same."
the Legislature in regard to the confiscated lands of the

Tories, reciting that " the p;;titioiiers did at the
The
1784
day
:
finances of the country also received attention in
commence-
"
special
meeting was held on Wednesday, ye 7th
ment of these
straggles,
on solid principles, enter into them
of April
1st,
Voted E. Grant
bu moderator.
2d,
324

it is
NEW
YOKK.
Voted, unaoimoasly, that
highly necessary that the
Legislature of this State strike a B;>uk of Paper Currency

for a circulating
The present town is divided into forty-five road districts. The highways .are but indifferently good. The Albany and
Stoekbridge turnpike, passing through the town
east
in a nearly
medium of
this
State.
3d, Voted, that
the Clerk of said District give notice to the the District,

thcra,
members of
and west course, was an important avenue of
travel
now
in the Legislature
of the State, certifying
until the
Hudson and Berkshire

its line.
railroad was built, running
by
letter,
of the opinions of their constituents re-
almost parallel with
This in turn was abandoned

rail-
specting a
Bank of Paper Currency being made, and put
soon after the construction of the Boston and Albany

road, north of the former route.
on an equal footing with silver and gold."
This road has stations at
On
the 10th of July, 1792, an indignation meeting was
Canaan Four Corners, and

low Flat Brook.
at
Edwards, a short distance berail-
held " to oppose every attempt to defeat, or impair, or destroy the free exercise or
more extended account of these
enjoyment of the inestimable
roads will be found in the general history of the county.
right of suffrage."
The
action of the last board of canvassers was strongly

are,
THE CANAAN CEMETERIES

with few exceptions, controlled by associations organized under the rural cemetery laws of the State.
censured, and
John Tryon, Eleazer Grant, Aaron Kellogg, Nathan Noyes, Hosea Bebee, William Babcock, Reuben Murray, and Abraham Van Der Poel were appointed a
in concert
One of
the oldest
is
between Canaan Four Corners and the Centre.

is
committee to act
out the State
with other committees through-
The
are
location
favorable
and
pleasant, the grounds contain-
to secure
a law which would prevent the abuse

in
ing about six acres, having an undulating surface.
There
to
of the power reposed

last election.
a board of canvassers, as in the
some
fine
monuments.
engineers,
Among others
who was
killed
is
one erected
the
memory
of Lieutenant Warner, of the United States
The
people of Canaan were strongly opposed to a division

in
topographical
by the Indians
of the town, and entered their protest

attempts.
1793 against such

off in
while on duty in the
Rocky Mountains.
Nevertheless,
in
Chatham was taken
1795,
and Austerlitz
sition to
1818, and in spite of the vigorous oppoits
THE CANAAN CEMETERT ASSOCIATION

was organized March 25, 1864, with the following trustees
:
such a movement the town was again shorn of
dimensions the same year by the formation of

anon, leaving Canaan with
its
New
Leb-
present area of twenty thou-
Henry Laurence, John C.

L.
Curtis,
W.
J. Whiting, William
Spier, William
Clark,
Daniel
D. Warner,
Kellogg,
Chester
sand seven hundred and seventy acres.
We
Brown,
Albert
Pierson,
Edmund
Joseph
R.
close these
interesting extracts by producing verba-
tim a copy of a notice to " any constable," showing
how hard
was the way of the transgressor

" Columbia Codntt,
^^To
.
in
Old King's
Hemingway, Edwin B. Williams, and George B. Kinne. The present officers are President, Joseph R. Hemingway
:
district
Secretary, Chandler J. Parsons.

Cottuty, Grectiiitj
:
is
a quiet spot of three
any
Cotiatabie in said
forasmuch as Jesso
acres, sacred to the
memory of
the dead,
known
as the
Cole has heon convicted of Pettelarsenea, before Mat. Adgate, Philip
and Reuben Murray, Esqrs., aod stands condemned to be whipped on the naked back fiftean Stripes, these are, in the name uf the people. Command jou forth to put the Judgment of this Court in Execution. Given under our hands and seals, at King's District, this 3d day of May, 17S6.
Friabie,
WEST CANAAN AND EAST CHATHAM CEMETERY.

The
controlling association was formed of fourteen per1,
sons, Sept.
1849, and the following trustees elected:
" R. MunnAY, " Philip FnisBiE,

"
A. Palmer, William Pratt, Weston Kirby, Nicholas MoreJutticea."
]
I
house,
Samuel
Gifford,
A. J. Palmer,
Calvin
Herrick,
Mat. Adgate,
Jesse D. Flint, and O. Palmer.

:
The
present oflScers are
This document bears the following indorsement " Allowed to E. Gridley, Constable, for the within service, 6
shillings."
John M. Barnes Secretary, 0. Palmer. The cemetery at Flat Brook is under the control of the Baptist society of that place; and the one at Red Rock,
President,
;
THE PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES

of the town demand a passing notice.
paid to the improvement of the
near the Christian church, has been cared for by a rural
Attention was early
cemetery association, of which J. C. Ford was secretary.

Besides these there are several other small burial-places in
the town, and a
common highways by the appointment, in 1776, of the following pathmasters: Ebenezer Benjamin, Aaron Buck, Aaron Calluck, Israel Osborne,
Grixson Frisbie, Josiah Warner, Ebenezer Cady, Lodiah Moore, Dudley Adams, Daniel Thurston, Asa Preston, Gideon Skinner, Daniel Rowley, Nehemiah Fitch, A.sa
number of
private grounds.
THE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS

of Canaan have been limited by
the
its
water-power to a few of
commoner
industries.
in a
Saw-mills and carding-raachines
Denon, Abraham Van Derpool, Ezra Hudson, John Stranahan, Jacob Vosburgh, Asa Doty, Jacob Brooker, Simon Lathrop, Isaac Soul,
Allen, Elijah
Douglas, Solomon
were carried on
day
;
small
way
in
various parts at an early
but the most important mill was that erected on the
outlet of Whiting's pond, or
Queechy
lake,
by Colonel WilIn their zeal to

fire,
Elijah Skinner, Samuel Davis,
Asahel Salmon, Solomon Barker, Joseph Mudge, Elisha Gilbert, Zebulon Andrews, Jacob Farrington, Thomas Bentley, Peter Goose, Solomon
Tolas,
liam B. Whiting, before the Revolution.

aid the royal cause the mill
filled
was destroyed by
while
with grain belonging to the government, by some of
Finch, John Smith, Joshua Green, Isaac Buttolph, Titus Jonathan Culver, Thomas Bebee.
his
Tory neighbors.
is
new
mill
w;is afterwards erected,
which
yet standing, though unused.

Colonel Whiting also carried on a linseed-oil mill, which
NEW
YORK.
FLAT BROOK,
325
was changed
to a plaster-mill,
and a carding-machine.
the manufacture of
point, increasing the
a hamlet of a few score of inhabitants.

below,
is its
Edwards', a half-mile
is
About 1830, Daniel Haight began

satinets
railway station.
A little north
He
a silver mine,
and woolen goods
at
this
which has been abandoned.

at this point.
capacity of his factory until he had an extensive business.
The Baptist church is located Here William Lusk began trade at an early
hill.
In this building the manufacture of wrapping-paper

carried on
is
now
day, having a store on the
was succeeded, before
by the Queechy Paper Compdny. It is supplied with a sixty-two-inch machine and two engines, giving employment
to nine
1797, by James Lusk, and he in turn, soon after 1800, by
Uriah Edwards, a merchant for thirty-six years.
Peter
men.
Van Vleck and William Woodworth

down the
stream, has given
place to
also
had
stores.
Wil-
saw-mill, farther
;
a feed-mill
and a
fertilizer
manufactory has been established
on the
ago.
site
of a paper-mill which was burned a few years
A
ated
short distance southeast from Queechy
is
a very good
lumber-manufacturing establishment, which has been oper-
Lusk had a good tavern. The early settlers were members of the Curtis, Lusk, Dean, Olmstead, Smith, and Townsend families. The post-office was established about 1830, with Wm. Woodworth postmaster. His successor was Mrs. Eva H. Woodworth, who still retains the office,
liam
many years. West of Canaan Four Corners
is
a paper-mill, on the site

It
CANAAN CENTER
is
of an abandoned satinet-factory.
employs a
loft-dryer,
name
applied to a cluster of houses on the turnpike

railroad.
and has but a limited capacity.
and north towards the

still
In early times considerable

being stores,
shops, and
down the same The manustream, occupies the site of a pioneer tannery. The mill is facture of paper was here begun about 1860.
The Barnegat Paper-Mill,
farther
business was done here, there

taverns.
the
One of these was kept by Jonathan Warner, in house now occupied by C. J. Parsons. Here the comThe Presbyterian church is charge of Asa S. Bates.
is
capacitated to produce forty large double reams per day,
mittee of safety assembled, and here, also, were held the

early town-meetings.
and
is
at present operated
by E. G. Palmer.
Sylvester
located
At Canaan, Walter and

verted into a grist-mill, and
Arms
established a
in
here,
and a
post-office, in
satinet-factory at an early day,

is
which was,
1840, consuch
the old hamlet of
at present operated as
by A. Lape.
CANAAN.
stream in the southwestern part of the town,
Its location
On
at
the
little
on the turnpike, in a rich farming country, an important place

in
in early times
;
Red Rock and vicinity, is a wadding-factory, by Hiram Hayes a grist-mill, by H. Fowler and a saw-mill, erected
; ;
caused
the
it
to be
and here
first
post-office
town was established somewhere

in
in
by D. Wilcox, and now operated by Walter Kelsey.
about 1810.
It
was kept
a tavern
built
by Elijah
Hulburt, and was generally
charge of the
diflferent land-
CANAAN FOUR CORNERS,

a
little
lords.
Since 1832 Samuel Frisbie has been postmaster,

it in
east
and north of the centre,

Boston and Albany
is
the largest village in

It is a sta-
keeping
his store.
For the past forty years the Van
the town, having a few hundred inhabitants.

tion on the
railroad,
is
Alstyne family have carried on the tavern.

ridge
Harry Hold-
and a point of cona pleasant valley, a secluded appearstores,
had a pioneer
store.
Subsequently the trade was

D. Flint, and, from
his old stand a
siderable business.
The
hills,
location
represented by John
Frisbie, Jes.se
in
it
surrounded by high
ance.
which give
the
1832
store
to
is
1858, by Samuel Frisbie.
At
good
There are a Congregational church, several

hotels.
now
carried on.
and two
One of
first
stores
was kept by Elihu

in
The
place contains about one
hundred and twenty
in-
Phinney, who removed

ezer Sutherland
to
Otsego county
1796.
Ebenyet
habitants, most of
whom
are retired farmers.
North of the
and Reuben Swift were
also in trade early.
hamlet are the Ford
slate quarries,
from which are obtained
The former had
a tavern in his store building,
which
is
some very
fine
specimens of this valuable material.
used for this purpose, and for
many
years has been con-
ducted by the Leavenworth family.
RED ROCK
Reuben
office,
is
The
post-otEce was established about 1812, with C. S.

it
the
name
applied to an extended settlement along the
Swift, postmaster.
Kinne
is
the present incumbent.
creek, in the southwestern part of the town.
The
locality
In October, 1877,
became a
postal
money-order
was formerly known
as
Pilfershire, but in
1825 a huge
In
and now enjoys good mail
facilities.
rock along the roadside was painted red, and crowned with
a wooden column, to commemorate the change of name.
1860 a marble shaft was placed on the rock by the inhab-
QUEECHY.
Near the
ant hamlet.
outlet of a lake
itants
is
and former citizens of the

It
place,
and dedicated with

settlement of the
by the same name
this pleas-
imposing ceremonies.
the date of
place.
bears the time of erection, and
It contains several
manufacturing establish-
1750, as
the time of the
ments and a Methodist church, which are elsewhere noted.

In former
day.s_,
Henry A. Brown and

this
others transacted a
trade,
The
place
contains
several
mills
and
churches,
and
mercantile business at
point,
having a large
numbers about one hundred inhabitants.

post office
is
The
store and
which has been diverted by the railroad. South of this place, in the eastern part of the town,
kept by James J. Powell.
Other merchants
is
were Cyprian Powell, Daniel G. Thorpe, and J.
W.
Vincent.
326

FIRST PHrSICIANS.
NEW
YORK.
from March 18, 1807,
for a period
mained with
this people
Among
the
first
physicians in active practice was Dr.
of more than twenty-three years.
About
this time,
1830,
Isaac Averill, but nothing concerning his antecedents has
the congregation was divided on the question of building a
been learned.
Dr. Stwart, living at the Four Corners,

in point of settlement.
was probably the next

soon
Dr.
Drs.
John
Merriman, Thomas Seas, and David Leavenworth followed

after, and were long known as eminent practitioners. John Lusk engaged in the practice of medicine at Flat Brook at an early day, and yet resides there, although retired. Contemporary with him was Dr. Lorenzo Gile, at
new house of worship, and a portion withdrew to form the " Presbyterian Church of Canaan." In 1831, Rev. Cyrus Hudson became the pastor, remaining until 1834. The Rev. Joseph Baldwin succeeded
to the pastorate in the fall of
1834, and served the church

1840, when
three and a half years.
In 1838 the Rev. J. Jay began
his labors as a stated supply,
and served
until
Canaan Four Corners,
also retired.
Dr. Joseph Bates, of

in
he was regularly inducted

filled
to the pastoral
office,
which he
Lebanon Springs, was many years a prominent physician

town, and Dr. 31. L. Bates
at the
is
until 1848.
The Rev. John Wicks was
installed as
at present an able practitioner
the next pastor Oct. 16, 1848, and presided over the spiritual
interests of the
Four Corners.
the legal fraternity have resided in the town.
church until 1856.
He
was the
last
pastor
Members of
that was regularly installed.

istered, in holy things
Those who have since minThose thus connected
Among
the foremost was
Judge Whiting.
Several natives
have served as stated supplies, or upon
of the town have attained prominent positions as attorneys and jurists in other localities, and a few are noted in the
history of the bar in this work.
the basis of an annual contract.
with the church have been Revs. John E. Baker, Albert
V. Powell, John Whiting, Lupton
W.
Curtis,
and George
with the
W.
Warner, who serves the church

at present, 1878,
in connection
Presbyterian church of Canaan.
were taught
at an early day,
in
but no authentic account of

In
8s.
The church
bei"S,
numbers eighty-five meman active relation.

It
is
the teachers or those
attendance has been obtained.
of
whom
sixty maintain
1795 the board of supervisors a.ssesscd the town

and 6d.
for the support of schools,
97
believed that Colonel William B. Whiting and Elijah Bost-
pursuant to the general
wick were the
first
deacons of the church.
Upon Deacon
act of April 9, 1795.

five fractional
districts,
In 1820 there were nine whole and
Whiting's death, Aaron Parsons was elected, and served

until
in
/iis
having six hundred and nineteen
death in 1815.
to
Nathan Whiting became a deacon
children between the ages of five and fifteen years.
The
part
five
1812, but removed
New Haven
in
1814.
In
1815
to
fill
amount paid
There are
districts,
to teachers
was $306.
districts, besides several
Jonah D. Fuller and John Whiting were

these vacancies.
elected
at present ten
Deacon Bostwick died

to a
in in
1825, and DeaTroy.

office
having nearly six hundred children between
con Fuller was dismissed
church
He was
faithful
and twenty-one years of age, and supporting the schools at

an expense of about 82500 per annum.
succeeded by Henry Warner, who gave his

service seven years,
when death ended
his connection with
the church militant.
THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF CANAAN, AT CANAAN FOUR CORNERS.*
came
same
his successor.
His brother, Joseph L. Warner, beDeacon Whiting resigned his office in

to
1840, and Joshua A. Lord was elected

year.
his place the
On
is
account of the
loss or
is
absence of the proper records,
William
S.
Davis became a deacon in 1847,

In May, 1848, James
as deacons,
the history of this body
somewhat obscure.
comprised among
But there
thirty-five
but the following year removed.
a strong probability that the church was organized as In 1800

it
Hamilton and Orren Fuller were ordained

in
and
early as 1772.
its
1866 Abel
J. Bristol
became the
associate of
Deacon
members Jonathan Warner, Elijah Bostwick, Mathew Adgate, Nathan Baldwin, Aaron Parsons, Naomi Fuller, Thoma.s Crosby, Hezek'iah Pejise, Lucy Lord, Abigail
Whiting, and other females from the foregoing
families.
Fuller.
The deacons
at present are
A. J. Bristol, H. L.
Warner, Silas B. Hamilton, and John H. Mattoon.
Most
of the foregoing have also served the church as trustees.
As
near as can be determined the

It
first
meeting-house
The
first
meetings of the church were conducted by a Rev.

to
was erected about 1785.

Corners.
was a frame building, and
Todd, but who does not seem

Previous
to the close of the
have been a settled pastor.
occupied an eminence eighty rods north from Canaan Four

It
Revolution, Rev. John
Camp
re-
was capacious enough
to
accommodate the
miles around to
gallery,
assumed the pastorate of the church, and sustained that

lation several years.
large congregations that
came from
ten
Unfortunately for the good of the
worship.
There was a high
pulpit, a high
and
This
congregation, his teachings and practices did not promote

its spiritual
large family pews, after the pattern of those days.
welfare,
and alienation ensued, resulting
in
the
house was abandoned

erected in
site in
its
in
1829, and
year.
the present edifice
dismission of the pastor in 1794.
From
that period until
stead the
same
its
It occupies
an eligible
inter-
1807 the pulpit was supplied by various pereons who had
the village, and in

prescnt,s
outward appearance and
come
as candidates for the pastoral office.
No
less
than
nal
arrangement
an attractive and inviting place of
twenty persons had applied before the Rev. Azariah Clark
worship.
the church
There are
is
sittings for three
was selected as the permanent minister.
He was
a graduate
estimated worth S6000.
from Amherst College, and had received his theological

education under Alvan Hyde, D.D., of Lee, Mass.
s'
He
THE FLAT BROOK BAPTIST CHURCH.

re-
It
is
traditionally reported that a meeting-house, in
which
From a skcluh
liy
tbo pastor, Rev. George
W. Warner.
Baptists woi-shipcd, was erected at Flat Brook as early as

1776.
NEW
YORK.
327
But
8,
the present church was not constituted until
dolphus Graves,
Nov.
1793.
The
following year
it
united with the
Deacons, John E.
the constituent
Shaftsbury association, reporting a membership of thirtyfive.
John E. Warner, and W. W. Janes Warner and R. Graves. Fiflj'-five of membership had a connection previously
Rev. Elijah Barnes was ordained the

efl'ective service
first
minister in
with the old church, which was at this time divided into
Congregational and Presbyterian branches.
February, 1795, and did
until his death,
Aug.
6,
1806, baptizing ninety-six persons.
After being
comfortable house of worship was erected at Canaan
supplied for nine years, Rev. Nathaniel Otis succeeded as

pastor of the church, continuing five years.
Centre, which was dedicated, Dec. 31, 1829, by the Rev.
Rev. Ira Hall
Timothy Woodbridge, of
Richard Graves.
Austerlitz.
Feb.
2,
1830, the
was the next
pastor,
and served seven years.
number of
:
trustees elected were Jesse Bristol,
George
is
W.
Brown, and
short pastorates now followed in the following order Revs. Edwin Saynds, E. Tucker, D. Ford, H. Spencer, S. Hatch, A. A. Russel, and I. S. Gifford. In 1858, Rev. S. Pomroy
The
present board
composed of Daniel
W.
Curtis,
Samuel Brinton, and C.
J. Parsons.
The meet-
ing-house has been thoroughly repaired, and, with the par-
was
settled as pastor,
and remained
has been
until
filled
1871.
Subse-
sonage in this neighborhood,
is
worth 86000.
quently the pastoral
office
by Revs. A.
W.
The Rev. Caleb Tracy was

Sept. 8, 1830.
installed as the first pastor,

1,
Ashley and
J.
W.
Starkweather.
The church has had an

five
He
was succeeded, Jan.

later
1837, by Rev.
aggregate membership of more than

present numbers eighty.
hundred, and at
Solomon
J. Tracy,
and two years
by Rev. Brainerd
pulpit has since
:
The
present meeting-house was
Kenly, who remained until 1850.

been occupied by the following
T. S. Brown,
since
The
erected in 1830, at a cost of 82000, and repaired in 1870.

It is
pa.stors
and supplies
Revs.
now
handsome
structure,
whose estimated value
is
W.
J. Belain, J. Whiting, L.
W.
Curtis; and
is
$5000.
Since 1832 the church has been connected with
1868 by Rev. George W. Warner, who
also the
the Stephentown association.
pastor of the Congregational church at

ners.
Canaan Four Cor-
THE CANAAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

About 1804 Methodism was introduced
part of the town.
faith
The church has
at present sixty-five
members, and Ruling
into the northern
Elders Dwight Carpenter,
Le Roy
S.
L.
;
Brown, M. L. Bates,
Deacons, George
Among
the
first
were Truman Norton's family,
who entertained this who held prayer-meetIn
Edward Kellogg, and Asa
Bates
W.
Brown, Samuel Brinton, and Asa
S. Bates.
'the
ings, at
which Lewis Pease and others were converted.
A
ing
Sunday-school
fifty
is
maintained by
is
church, number-
later years
Mr. Pease became a minister, and served the

In 1806 this territory was joined to
members, and
superintended by Le
Roy
L.
church as pastor.
Pittsfield circuit,
Brown.
The
school has a good library.
and preaching provided every two weeks.
These services were usually held at the house of Jeremiah

Norton.
From 1812
to
1827 there were frequent

to
revivals,
THE TRINITY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF CANAAN, AT RED ROCK.

Although Methodist
was
rup,
services were held in the southern
which increased the membership

measures were taken
to erect
such an extent that
a church.
For
this
purpose
part of the town as early as 1800, no formal organization

effected until Dec. 1,
a society was formed Aug. 18, 1828, with Timothy Buels,
1829, when a society was formed

:
Truman Norton, Jeremiah Norton, Azariah Winegar, and Henry Starks, as trustees. A building committee was appointed Oct. 16, 1828, who purchased a site for a church, a short distance east from Queechy. The following year a
plain house
with the following trustees
Martin Parker, Israel NorthJr.,
Ebenezer Jenkins, Joseph Jenkins,
and Jesse
Ford.
plain but substantial meeting-house

is still
was erected
soon after, which
used by the society.

circuit,
The church
is
was erected, costing $1500.

is
It has lately been
forms a part of the Ea.st Chatham

pastors in that connection.
and
served by
placed in good repair, and
worth S2000.
present composed of Trustees
Since 1835 the ministry have

Ellis,
The
A.
official
board
S.
is
at
been Revs. E. Denniston, Alonzo G. Shears, Thomas

Nathaniel Mead, Alexander H. Ferguson,
William Spier, E.
S. Bebee, J. R.
Hall,
and John Wagner

S.
Stewards
Thomas
Gerald,
Hemingway,
H. Thompson, Leonard
Wm.
G.
G. Browning, Peletiah Ward, William Brush, Philip
Wagner, and M. P. Bailey.

In 1834 the church became a separate charge, and has
since that period been
L. Hoyt,
Thomas W. Chadwick, Amos N. Mulnix, James

Marvin R. Lent, Aaron Rogers, William
S.
Bates,
served by the following pa.stors
Bouton, Abraham Davis,
W.
F. Harris,
Wm.
A. Mackey,
Revs.
T. Sparks, E. S. Stout, Joseph B. Wakely, Aaron
George Daniel, and (1878) George Townseud.
Rogers, Charles Stearns, Alonzo J. Shears, Asa Bushnell,

Jr., E.
A. Young, Goodrich Horton, Levi Warner, Stephen
THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF CANAAN.

The
legal organization of this
J. Stebbins, Nathaniel
croft, Z.
Mead, Lewis Pease, George
C.
BanJason
body was
:
effected
May
11,
D. Scoby, George Kerr,
Edmund A.
Hill,
1829, with the following trustees

Jenkins, and Warren Ford.
ship
John Wilcox, Reuben

in
Wells, George Daniel, Oscar Haviland, Benjamin Wilson,
very neat house of worthe eastern part
William
S.
Bouton, T. Elliott, George B. Clark, J. H.

P. Galloway, J.
was erected the following year
Phillips, Charles Sager, S.
Ogden Kern,
W.
A. Dalton, and {_1818) A. F. Palmer.
THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF CANAAN

was formed
Eldei-s
in
Red Rock settlement. Subsequent improvements have been made on the building, and it is now an attractive and comfortable church. The society numbers eighty-four members, who are under the spiritual care of Rev. C. W.
of the
1829, with
fifty -seven
members, and Ruling
Havens.
Sunday-school, having twenty-five members,
is
James Warner, Clinton Kellogg, John Lusk, Ro-
maintained by the church.
328

is
NEW
YORK.
At Red Rock
a Baptist meeting-house, which was used

ago.
At
the
first call
of the government for aid to suppress the
by a society that disbanded many years
Lately the
Rebellion the town gave an active response.
A special
meet-
house has QOt been used for religious purposes.
ing was held Aug. 30, 1862, to facilitate enlistments, a
bounty of $150 per volunteer being provided
to this end.
The
It
is
supervisor and the assessors were constituted a disburs-
impossible, in the limited space at our
command,
to
ing committee of the several bounty funds provided at this
enlarge upon the military history of the town.
Besides those
and subsequent special meetings.

State authorities.
The
soldiers' list gives
already mentioned as having served in the Revolution, the
the names of the volunteers credited to the town by the
names of others appear
in the military lists of the county.
DANIEL
was born Jan.
Co.,
4,
S.
CURTIS
Management of Sheep,"
the
first
1794,
in
the town of Canaan, Columbia

to
in
1848, for which he was awarded
N. Y.
He
1,
was the eldest son (who lived
manhood)
prize of fifty dollars, ofiered
by the State Agriculin
of Samuel A. Curtis,
who was
the
first
white child born in

first
tural Society,
and the essay was published
the transac-
Canaan, Oct.
settlers of
1763, his father being one of the very
tions for that year.
Canaan.
S.
Mr. Curtis was an active

Curtis) was educated in
at an
politician,
an acknowledged
as one of the
He
(Daniel
the
common
lie
leader in
his
own town, and
well
known
schools, except
two terms spent
academy, which
leaders of the old
Whig
party,
and afterwards of the Re-
attended before he was fifteen years of age, after which he

learned of his father the trade of a tanner, saddler, and
publican, throughout the county.

for
political
Though
not an aspirant
honors, he was twice or three times elected
harness-maker.
He worked
chiefly at saddlery
and har-
supervisor of his town (the last time in 1858), and once to

the Legislature, in 1859.
ness-making, at which he became an expert, and followed

the trade
till
1827, when he purchased the farm on which
He
early
was a man of untiring industry,

life,
a habit
;
formed
in
he spent the remainder of his days.

going farmer, taking a lively interest
He became
a thorough-
and one that never forsook him

still
till
for after
he had
in all topics
connected
given up business he
the
field
continued from choice to labor in

increasing age led
with agriculture, but made sheep-husbandry his chief pursuit,
and garden,
him
at last to
and became noted as a breeder of merino sheep, and

that and
his old trade of harness-making,

for forty years or
which he had not followed

to his sons
was an occasional writer on

subjects.
other agricultural
more
and, to keep his hands busy, he
He
also
wrote an " Essay on the Rearing and
made
several sets of harness,
which he gave
and

other
NEW
YORK.
A.
329
members of
his family as
mementoes of
his handi-
SAMUEL
familiarly kDO\Yn
field,
BARSTOW,
in
work and industry.

he had passed
credit to a
He made
his last set of harness after
as
Captain Barstow, was born
Litch-
bis eightieth
birthday, and
it
would do
Connecticut,
Aug. 24, 1799.
He
was a son of
much younger man.

life,
Allen and Olive (Foster) Barstow, the former a native of
He
never had a lawsuit in his
was a man without
Martha's Vineyard, Mass., the
latter of Connecticut.
enemies, a true friend, generous-hearted and open-handed

to the needy,
acter.
uel A. Barstow married Betsey Douglas, daughter of
SamAsa
and of
sterling integrity
and probity of char-
Douglas, of Canaan, N. Y., having removed here with his

parents about the year 1808, and settled in the southern
He
died Dec. 29, 1874, aged nearly eighty-one years.
part of the town of Canaan.
About 1820 he removed
to
the farm where he spent the rest of his days, departing this
life
Oct. 11, 1865, being sixty-six years of age.
He
had a
family of nine children, five of
whom
title
still
survive.
SAMUEL
or
A.
CURTIS,
Captain Barstow derived the

ing that
office
of captain from hold-
Deacon
Curtis, as he
is
popularly called, was born in the
in
the militia.
He
was a prominent man,
town of Canaan, Columbia Co., N. Y., March 22, 1806.

His
father,
and
for several years represented his
town
in the
board of
whose name was
also
Samuel A.
Curtis,
was
supervisors, and was active in public afiairs generally.
SAMUEL
the
first
A. CURTIS.
white child born
in
Can.ian.
lie was
born in
kind and obliging neighbor, a genial companion, a true

friend,
October, 1763, and died in 1851, his wife also dying during
the same year.
and an honest, upright

and
liberal
citizen,
all
kind and generous
to the poor,
towards
benevolent objects, ho
Deacon Curtis married, on the 10th of June, 1828,

Climena Edwards Woodworth, and has had
three sons and two daughters,
this writing.
five children,
was universally esteemed

acter.
for his excellent traits of charlife
In
politics
he was in early
Whig, and
later
four of
whom
are living at
Republican.
He was
a popular captain in the old militia

citi-
organization, has been a most upright and exemplary

zen, a
DANIEL WARNER
was born
in
member of
the Baptist church near his house, of
Canaan, Conn., March 16, 1762.
His father,
which he has been deacon about thirty years, and has

served his town as a
William Warner, was English or of English descent.

mariied Rebecca Lupton, of Boston, Mass., and had
family of thirteen children, twelve of
He
a
member of
the board of supervisors.
Brought up
fore liim.
to the
occupation of his father and brother be-
whom came
One
with their
he has been a tanner, currier, and harness-maker,

for a livelihood,
parents to Canaan, N. Y.
Daniel was at that time the

son was burn
which trade he has followed

mulated a competence.
and has accu-
youngest, and was two years of age.

after their settlement in this town.
42
330

Warner
originally occupied
It is still stand-
NEW
YORK.
Tlic old house which William
town, Columbia Co., and reared a family of four children,

of
was built by him prior

ing,
to the
Revolution.
whom
Lorenzo was the youngest.
Asa Gile died

in
in
little
west of the Presbyterian church of Canaan

family of Mr.
February, 1837, and his wife, Nancy Gile,

survived him twenty-three years.
18G0, having
Centre.
The
Warner was the
third white
first
family which settled in the town.
He
died during the
The
early life of
Lorenzo was spent on a farm
in
his
year of the Revolutionary war.
native town, where he was a student at home, and attended
Daniel Warner was brought up on his father's farm.
the district school, to which, in early boyhood, he walked

five
Two
other brothers, Jonathan and James, settled in the

their families here.
5,
miles,
and returned the same distance each day.

and thorough student.
He
same neighborhood, and brought up

Daniel
father, Co.,
was a
diligent
In 1834 he com-
Warner married Olive Douglas, Feb.

Asa Doughis, was born
in
1792.
Her
menced the study of medicine with Henry D, Wright,

M.D., of
Stephentown, Ren.sselaer
in
in
New
Lebanon, and graduated

Pittsfield,
at
the Berkshire
N. Y., and was a representative The latter portion of his life was spent
the only two
the Legislature.
Medical College, of
Mass., in December, 1839.
Canaan.
six
He
first
commenced
practice in
Wayne
Co.,
N.
Y., rein
Daniel Warner had nine children, three sons and daughters

;
maining part of a year, when he

over thirty
public
settled as a physician
in
now living are Sarah Warner and Elida Robins Warner, now Mrs. Henry J. Whiting, of Canaan. The former is unmarried, and resides on the
Canaan, Columbia Co., N. Y., where he continued

cessful
suc-
practice
for
years,
and was largely

locality.
identified with the
interests of the
He
LORENZO OILE,
old homestead of her father, at
M.D.
life
Canaan Centre.
She was
has been through
man
of strictly temperate habits
born where her grandfather originally settled in this town,
and of a vigorous constitution.
Well read
in his profession,
on the
first
of September, 181)3.
In 1814 hor father built

his family into
it,
and possessing a large fund of general

naturally took a leading part in
all
information, he
the present residenee and
moved
where
matters pertaining to the

hiis
Miss Warner has resided ever since.
welfare of his town and county, and

fini.^'""'
been as thoroughly
'
'..'.
vjutics
morally as intellectually, being a
man of unswerving
integrity
and
fidelity to
principles, as
LORENZO
was born May 20, 1814, N. Y.
in
well in the smallest details of public
and private business
GILE, M.D,,
Stephentown, Rensselaer Co.,
as
in
the greater concerns of

;
life.
An
anti-slavery
man
from conviction
and although
for a time politically in the

office,
He
in
is
of Scotch-Irish descent.
His
father, Asa(jile,
minority, he was often elected to
because the people
was born
Massachusetts, and was a Revolutionary soldier
knew
that he could be trusted.
In
1850,
1S57, 1872,
under General Wuhliington.

age of
tilteen.
He
entered the army at the
1873, and 1874 he was elected a

supervisors, was
member
of the board of
in
His discharge from the service, signed by

at
chairman of the board
1873, and a
General Washington
9,
his headquarters, bears date
June
1783,
for si.x years' faithful .service in the First
Massa-
chusetts Regiment.
He
married Nancy Jlonroe, of Spencer-
member of the Legislature in 1858. He was a member for many years of the Columbia County .Medical Society, and an honorary member of the Berkshire Medical Society.

On
the 4th of July, 1837, he was united in marriage to
NEW
YORK.
He
331
stricken with paralysis on the 11th of June, 1874.
had
Miss Eliza A. Dean, of
New
Lebanon, N. Y., by
Gile, born
whom
he
another shock on the 9th of July, 1877, which has hopelessly incapacitated
had one
tober,
child,
William A.
at
on the 3d of Ocin
him
for business, and, but for his re-
1844,
and
present
is
residing
Stephentown,
markably strong constitution, would probably have terminated his earthly career.
health
is
Rensselaer Co., where he

suits.
engaged
in
mercantile pur-
He
still
survives, although his
She died on the 3d of January, 1851, and on the 8th of September, 1853, he married for his second
wife Harriet C. Comwell, of
quite feeble, and the tone and activity of his
mind
considerably impaired.
He
has every domestic and medical
New
is
Lebanon, by
whom he
attention that can ameliorate his condition, his daughter
has one daughter, Lizzie A.,
who
residing at home.
Lizzie especially being unremitting in her care and devotion to
After a
life
of unusual activity. Dr. Gile was suddenly
him
in his critical situation.
GHENT.
Ghent
occupies a central position
It
among
the towns of
the streams
in
the eastern part of the town.

settled,
On
a portion
the county.
was erected from Kinderhook, Chatham,

3,
of this a family named Sharp had

village
near the present
and Claverack, April

Ghent,
in Holland.
its
1818, and received
its
name from
of
Ghent, and
had
made
it is
few
improvements.
Before this division, the territory comlocally
There were four brothers, and

they were
generally believed that
prised within
bounds was
Kill.
known
lias
as
Sqvampa-
among
mock* and Kline

and was reduced
The town
an irregular shape,
acres
to its present area
27,649
in
1833,
THE FIRST SETTLERS,

and probably the
first
when
part of
Stockport was taken from
its
western
in
the present town, coming some-
border.
The
surface
is
somewhat
hilly in the east, but
becomes
pleasantly undulating towards the west, with long belts of

level land intervening.
Hogeboom purchased their improveHe ments and immediately began a home of his own. erected a stone house on the farm now occupied by his
where about 1740.
great-grandson, the Hon. J. T.
The
largest of these are the
Squamand
It
is
Hogeboom, where he opened
pamock
flats,
along Claverack creek, whose

in
beauty
an inn, which became one of the best known stoppingplaces on the road from Boston to Albany.
productive nature are not excelled
the county.
said that a portion of these lands were cultivated by the

natives,
locality
Hogeboom had
his sons
first settled in
;
Claverack, where some of
and that several Indian orchards were found

by the
early settlers.
in this
continued to reside
settled
but having purchased this
The
soil
of Ghent
it is
is
gravelly
land,
most of his sons
about him, and as they did
loam, except in the western part, where

the water-courses
erally
is
clayey.
Along
is
so
he gave them large farms.
Lawrence resided
in
Clav-
some
alluvial land.
The whole The
gen-
erack until 17G7, in which year he
moved
to the
homestead
productive, and the town holds a prominent position

its
and resided with
his father.
In 1775 he lived on the farm
on account of
stream
east,
is
agricultural resources.
principal
now
in
possession of his grandson,
Hon. John T. Hugewas living on the farm
the Kline Kill, which enters the town from the
boom.
His brother, Johannes,
Jr.,
near the northeast corner, and after flowing southwest
now occupied by Mr.

three hundred acres.
Philip Mesick, then enibnicing about
several miles turns abruptly towards the northwest, passing
Another brother, Bartholomew, lived

on the stiige-road to Boston, on the
out between Kinderhook and Chatham.
Claverack creek
about a half-mile
east,
has a general southerly course, east of the centre of the
farm now owned by Mr. Henry Sohultz.

lius,
Another, Corne-
town
size,
and
in the
western part
is
a brook of considerable
emptying
into the Claverack at Stockport.

in
The former
town,
has high, rocky banks
the
eastern
is
part of the
well utilized.
John C, and grandfather of Judge Henry Hogeboom, on the farm now occupied by Mr. Henry li. Coburn, and still another brother, Abraham, on the site of
father of
affording limited water-power, which
the present county poor-house.
The western
part of the town was covered by the
Kin-
The Hogebooms became

State and nation.
a large
and respectable family,

in
derhook and other patents of that town.
East of these
and some of them attained distinguished prominence
the
extended the lands of the proprietor of Claverack, whose

claims were generally respected, the early settlers securing
leases
terests
But one of
in
is
the branches of the original
family
now remains
in
town, a descendant of Lawrence,

a son oF Tobias L.,
at merely
nominal prices.
One
all
of the largest in-
John Tobias Hogeboom, who

born in Ghent
1816, and
who was
was secured by Johannes Hogeboom, some lime

It
is
of the fourth generation of
before 1750.
included nearly
the fertile lands along
Hogebooms that have occupied this land. He has been a member of the Assembly and a judge of Columbia county.
Farther south,
Ilcndrick Groat was one of the
first
* This
13
an luilinn Dame signifying
g ol the \v;itcis," nts of Claverack
so called from the joining of the twt
settlers,
about 1750.
Among
his sons
were William and
creek.
Peter.
The
latter
remained on the homestead, where he
332

John,
'Williain
NEW
YORK.
its
reared
P.,
to
Peter,
Jacob, Jeremiah, and

at
one of the most numerous in town, and

live
descendants yet
Henry.
village.
Peter removed
Chatham,
what
is
now
the
is
on the lands purchased by their ancestors one hundred In this

locality a
William P. remained on the homestead, which
and thirty years ago.

settled very early.
man named Decker
occupied by one of his sons, Cyrus.
Some time
after the
daughter married John Kittle, also

Kittle reared four sons,
Revolution, Johannes Moul, with his sons Jacob and John, and a daughter, came from Grennantown, and settled in the
one of the early
settlers.
John, Andrew, and Nicholas,

this section of the county,
Henry,
many
âll
of
whom
remained in
sides
neighborhood west from Groat. Christopher Moul yet reBoth the Mouls on the John Moul homestead.
in
and reared large
families,
of whose descendants yet live in west Ghent.
served
the
war
this
for
independence.
Here
also
the
Other early and prominent
settlers in
west Ghent were

;
Harder family
ful
settled,
citizens
in
from which have sprung many useThe Jacobi and adjoining towns.
first in
William, Thomas, John, and Laurence
Van Alstyne
Adam
Tipple, Wilhelmus, Philip, Nicholas, and Daniel Link, of
family was one of the
the eastern part, where they
one family
and Henry, John,

;
Wm.
H., and Zachariah H.,
intermarried with the Suyders, also pioneers in the town. Aaron Ostrander, with his sons John, Philip, Jacobus,
of another family
and the Leggett, Hardick, Van Slyck,

families.
in the
Van Bramer, Van Buren, and Van Valkenhurgh

Godfrey Garner took up a piece of land
part of the town,
William, Henry, and Aaron
Martin, Vallentine, Jacob,

also
northern
and Peter Stupplebeom, and John Holsapple were
among the first in this section. About 1785, Jacob and Michael Waltermire came from Dutchess county, and settled on whit is known as the Fowler place.
where he reared
topher,
now occupied by a grandson, Aaron C, sons named Godfrey, Martin, and Chriscitizens.
who became prominent
David
Crap.scr,
Philip Diedrich, Lucas and Jacob Shaver, Anthony,
John
The former had seven

I.,
sons, of
whom
Jacob and
Henry, and
were
Adam
Melius, the Millers, and

settlers.
Wm.
Holmes
both old and respected citizens, still live in that Michael erected a tavern on the turnpike at an few early period, which is still standing as a tenement. years later came Henry Shufelt, from the same county,
Michael
also early
and well-known
locality.
In the eastern part of the town, the Wager family and
and
settled
in
southern Ghent.
On
the breaking out of

sixteen,
to
North were Philip Dunspaugh made early settlements. James and Samuel Crandell, and the Coleman family. South of them were other members of the society of
Friends, notably the
the Revolution,
when but a youth of
he was en-
Macy
families.
Abram Macy
settled
ticed on board a British sloop
and carried
Island,
New
York.
se-
here in 1782, taking up his abode with his family of ten

children in a log house of two rooms.
erected a house with his
He managed
to escape to
Long
where he was
Two
Jr.,
years later he
is
creted five years, then returned to his parents,
given him up for dead.

Cornelius
vice in the
better
Of
the sons
who had of Henry Shufelt,

from his
ser-
own
hands, which
yet occupied
is
by George G. Macy, a son of Abram,

grandson of
son of
are
who
the only
known
as Captain Shufelt,
War
of 1812
lives in
the northern part of
Abram Macy remaining Abram, Jr., Aaron C, resides
in
Ghent.
Another
at
Hudson, and both
town, one of the best-known citizens.

were, also, sons
Of this
family there
among
the most honored citizens of the county.
The
named George A. and Henry. Another branch of the Shufelt family was Philip's, who reared sons named John, Philip, Peter, and George, who settled in this
and adjoining towns. About 1800, George T. Snyder
he reared a son,
settled west of the pres-
Powell family, also Friends, came to this section at a later

day.
Some
of this family have become noted for the bold
position they have taken in favor of reform
and
civil rights.
The
position taken
by Aaron M. Powell on the marriage

:
relation is
worthy of being here noted

Powell, of Qhent, and Judith
ent village of Ghent, on the Henry T. Snyder place, where
Tunis
G.,
who died
"Aaron M.
Anna
Rioe, of Worcester,
in
town
in
March,
Mass., on the 15th day of April, 1861, at the house of Townsend and
1878, at the age of ninety-seven years.
He was
To
for a long
Catherine Ponell, in the tovo of Ghent, have assumed the relation

of
time one of the leading citizens of Ghent.
this locality
husband and
wife.
came Johannes Fredenburgh, in 1766, and settled on a piece of land which now belongs, in part, to a great-grandAbram Vosburgh. The Vosburghs first settled in son,
" Herewith wo record our united protest against the inequality and
injustice of the statutes of the civil code pertaining to marriage,
which assigns
riage contract the
to
is
the wife a position of legal inferiority.
The mar-
formed
in
ignorance, inequality, and injustice, in

at once civilly
Stuyvesant.
Peter
I.,
the grandfather of the above, was a
captain in Colonel
James Livingston's regiment, and did

General Lafayette rec-
and
good service
in the patriot cause.
dead The individuality of the wife is merged in the husband. Her personul and property rights are surrendered. '* Against this inequality and injustice, this monstrous sacriGcc of
making
of
which one of the parties becomes
legally buried.
ognized these services by presenting him a sword, which

is
the birthright of every
hum
in soul biptizeJ
by Apostolic hands, as
now
in the possession
of
Abram Vosburgh.
At
is
the close
a holy sacrament and everlasting ordinance of the living God, we do

protest.
of the war he joined the " Society of the Cincinnati," his

certificate bearing date
"
Aauos M. Powell.
A.1.VA
Dec. 10, 1785, and
signed by
"J.
Rice Powell."
G. Washington, president, and J. Knox, secretary, of the

society.
Signed and attested by thirty persons, and recorded in

the
first in
Among
the western part of the town was the
the
office
of the clerk of Columbia county July 25, 1861.

settlers,
Philip family, composed of four sons,^Potcr, John, Jacob,
For the names of many other early

is
the reader
and Wilhelmus.
son, also
Among
Peter.
the children of the

his sons,
first
was a
yet
dis-
referred to the several church histories of the town.
named
One of
Delaway
F., is
Ghent
1820
that,
settled
rapidly, as
wo
learn from
in
the census of
living on the homestead.
Another
son, Peter,
became
there were
460 male persons
town upward of
acres of im-
tinguished as an
inventor.
The
Philip family has been
twcuty-oue years of age,
who owned 17,342
RESIDENCE
or
DAVID CRAPSER Ghiht Columbia CO NY

proved
land.
NEW
YORK.
333
In 1875 the population
was 1543 males,
151-i females; and
432 were
foreigners.
CIVIL GOVEENMENT.
The town of Ghent was

act of the Senate
erected in compliance with an

3,
and Assembly, passed April

from and
after the
1818,
which provided
act,
" that
passing of this
such parts of the towns of Claverack, Kinderhook, and

as
are contained in the following
Chatham
bounds
be-
ginning at the northwest corner of the town of Hillsdale,
and running from thence southerly along the division

between Claverack and Hillsdale
cooper-shop
of
line
to the road opposite the
Solomon Strong;
thence westerly, in a
straight line, to Claverack creek, at a place 11 chains and
50
links to the south of the bridge over said creek, near

late
where the house of the

thence
Peter
Van
Rensselaer stood
down the
falls,
creek to where the same intersects the

;
Kinderhook creek
the great
thence up said creek 28 chains, above

called
commonly
M ijor
Abram's
fall.s
thence easterly to the Kline Kill creek, near the house of
William Waggoner
minutes east until
thence along the north end of the
house of the said Waggoner, south 75 degrees and 21

it
intersects
a line running from the

east, to
northwest corner of Hillsdale, north 14} degrees

the place of beginning
shall
;
be and remain a separate
town by the name of Ghent

in said
and the
first
town-meeting
town of Ghent
shall be held at the dwelling-house
of Seth Mins, at the usual time of holding annual meetings in said county;
said towns of
and all the remaining parts of the Chatham, Claverack, and Kinderhook shall
be and remain separate towns."

Provision was also
made
for
an equitable division of the
poor funds, debts, and road moneys, and the adjustment of

the road districts on boundary lines.
Officers elected in
other towns were to serve until the expiration of the terms

for
which they were elected

election, held
in
their
towns, before the
division.
The
lows
:
first
April 7, 1818, resulted as

L.
fol-
Supervisor,
;
Tobias
Hogeboom
Town
Clerk,
Henry Van Slyck

Risedorf, Cornelius
Assessors,
Peter Ostrander,
George
Edward Holmes, George T.Snyder; Collector, David Weuger; Constables, Jacob Hogeboom, Joseph M. Krum, Gilbert L. Vincent; ComAlstyne,
missioners of Highways, Teunis G. Snyder, Nathan Col-
Van
lins,
Jacob Moul
;
Poormasters, Barent
tin
H. Hoffman
Commissioners of
Staats,
Common
Van Buren, MarSchools, John

;
Kittle,
Abraham
Samuel Craudoll
Inspectors,
Martin H. Hoffman, Tobias L. Hogeboom, John Fowler,
Jehoiakim Schinkle, Peter P. Philip.

Since that period the principal officera have been
followins
the
334
1S37.
NEW
YORK.

Pugsley, Jacob I. Miller, James C. Van Valkenburgh, John E. New, Jacob M. Rivenburj;h, Martin Fredenburgb, Wm. Smith, and George A. Kisselburgh. John E. New was chosen president, and Jacob M. Rivenburgh secretary and treasurer. The company has been remarkably successful. From a statement of its condition, made Jan. 1, 1878,
it
NEW
YORK.
Van
335
first
store,
and a tavern was kept by a Mr.
Ness.
This property now belongs to A. M. Tracy, who

present one of the most active business
at
men
of
THE VILLAGE OP GHENT,

in
is
which are the only
stores
and
hotel in the town.
This
appears
that
farm propetty amounting

twenty-one
policies,
to
StJ(j4,165,
a thriving place of several hundred inhabitants, favorably

:
in
two
hundred aud
loss since
was insured.
located to enjoy a large trade
and
is
one of the most imin the

its
The
total
doing business, nearly nineteen years,

;
portant shipping-points for farm produce
county.
present
was S4420, making a yearly average of $232.63
or afford-
Excepting a few small buildings,

size almost entirely since the
it
has grown to
ing assurance at a cost of but 0.47 per year on every
completion of the Harlem' mil-
$1000
insured.
to five
road.
It contains several fine business blocks,
and a num-
In 1868 the number of directors was changed
ber of attractive residences.

turnpike,
is
mile south, on the old

"
members.
Powell,
The board
is
at present
composed of Townsend
Freden-
a hamlet, locally called

a'
Old Ghent," but

the former place
contains
Abram Vosburgh, David
Crapser, Martin
which
is
is
really
part of the village.
At
burgh, and Martin V. Stupplebeem.

are the president
The
first
two named
the
Lutheran church, while the
latter
the
and secretary of the company.
Reformed.
The Ghent
post-office
was established
in the
lower village,
THE GHENT MANUFACTORIES

are limited to a few establishments, principally on the east-
and changed
built.
is
to its present location after the railroad
was
It enjoys
good mail
facilities.
Jacob Stupplebeem
bog-an the prac-
ern part of the Kline Kill.
But
in
1820, when the town
the postmaster.
extended
to the
Clavcrack and Kinderhook, there were
Soon
tice
after 1800, Dr.
Edward B. Pugsley
reported six grist-mills, four saw-mills, four fulling-mills,

five
of medicine in Ghent, and remained
in
town until his
cardingmacliines. and three cotton and wool factories.

present Garner grist-mills, near the village of Ghent,
site
death, in 1863.
Dr. E. L. Coburn w;is for Dr. P.
many
yejirs
The
leading practitioner.
W.
Mull has been
in practice
occupy the
of saw and grist-mills erected soon after the
since 1852, and Drs. Moore, Greene, and

also been physicians in
Van Alstyne have
settlement of the town, by Samuel Coleman.
Subsequently
Ghent.
is
the Spanglei-s operated

the old Arnold mills,
them many years. now operated by

is
Above
this are
In the village of Ghent

erected in
a very neat brick school-house,
F. Stupplebeem.
It
1878, at a cost of $3000.
There are twelve
Between these
is
Niles' paper-mill, estiiblished in 1872.
schools in the town, attended by three hundred pupils, and
employs water and steam power, and

duce three thousand
Mickle paper-mill
is
capacitated to pro-
supported at a cost of $5000 per year.
five
hundred pounds per day.

Sixty years ago
a brick
The
is
an older establishment.
mill.
Its capacity
THE FIRST REFORMED CHURCH OF GHENT.*
about the same as the Niles
Edward
near
Many
of the early settlers of the town were members of
Holmes had
Niles'
mill,
woolen-factory, in
building,
the Reformed Dutch church of Clavcrack and Kinderhook,

chiefly of the former.
which was abandoned, and a new factory

This, too, has been discon-
Some time
before the Revolution these
erected farther up the stream.

tinued.
were animated by a desire

ligious Worship in
difficult to
to possess the privileges of relocality.

site for
In the western part of the town were small saw-
their
own
But
it
was found
mills, operated
by Peter Philip, John Tipple, John Van
harmonize upon a
the proposed building,
Hagan, and
built
one,
now operated by Peter Engle,

In this
locality
that was
and, accordingly, two houses were begun.
One was
located
by George Snyder.
Closely
identified
was a small
about
on the old road leading
to
west Ghent, a short distance

its
woolen-factory, by
Thomas Van
Alstyne, operated
mills
west from the Waltermire school-house,

being the Kittles and the Philips.
chief promoters
the
1824.
with these
and
factories
were
Squampamoek
flats, in
The other wiis in the Hogeboom neighborhood, on

present Union
the
THE PIONEER TAVERNS AND STORES,

as well as the public-houses
southeast
later
corner of the
cemetery.
This
and trading-points of a
having been the more vigorously pushed

on the
first
to completion,
finished.
work
Of the former, the stone house of Johannes Hogeboom was undoubtedly one of the firet and most prominent. As early as 1760 it gave its name to that particular locality, and was put down in the guide-books as the principal stopperiod.
was suspended.
It
was never
finally
The
to pre-
frame stood many years, and was

vent
its falling.
taken down
As
near as can be determined, both houses
were begun
for
in
1774, and, the completed one being ready 1775, a meeting

for
for the fur-
ping-place
on
the
stage-route
from
Boston
to
Albany,
occupancy
in the spring of
between Nobletown (Hillsdale)
and Kinderhook.
in a red
Jacob
mation of a church was appointed

year.
March 28 of
that
Moul had
before
a tavern on the
main road,
the
frame house,
1800.
Afterwards
occupied by his son William was erected.

taverns hud
ings
a wide reputation.
commodious house now Both of these

Near the county buildlater period
The church of Clavcrack

1770) was without a
settled over the
p;i.stor.
at that time
(and indeed from
Rev. Gerhard Daniel Cnck,
churches at Gcrniantown and Rhinebeck.
Abram Hogeboom had

;
a store and a tavern, which
seems, more frequently than any other minister, to have

supplied their pulpit.
were largely patronized
and at a
William M.
He
it
was who came out
to Siiuiini-
Bunker opened
yet standing.
a store at this point, in a building
which
is -
Near the depot Martin H. Hoffman had the
From
a sketch of the church, hy the Rev. J. B. Drury.
336

officiated at the dedication
NEW
YORK.
to its four comers.
pamock and
and
of the
new church,
that already,
from the
this first
rafters
by ropes attached
Keller, and
At
viz.,
installed the 6rst consistory.
The
season of 1775 was
church service three children were baptized,
a remaikably early one, and
we can conceive
Mary Harton, Maria

parents were
Ysselsteen,
Abraham
Shutt, wliose
the
last
of March, the snows of winter were gone, the scat-
respectively
Meikel Harton and Elizabeth
tered fields of wheat and grass were already looking green,
Adam
Keller
and Maria
Muller,
Abraham
first,
and the extended
forests
beginning to give promise of
re-
Shutt and Lena Rossman.

rad
The
sponsors were for the

;
The 28th of March that year fell, we find, on Tuesday, so that we can conceive Dominie Cock officiating at Claverack on Sunday, and coming on Monday from thence to the house of the chief promoter of the new
tnming
spring.
enterprise,
Albert Pawling and Maria Ysselsteen
for the second,
Con-
Reh and Maria Schmit,
his wife; and for the third,
Jacobus Hogeboom and Catherine Hogeboom.

the
Thus was
Low Dutch Reformed

Its career
it
church of Squampamock inauguto be
Mr. Lawrence Hogeboom, residing

site
in
a stone
rated.
was not destined
one of very great
house near the
of the present residence of Hon. J. T.
prosperity, but
years,
maintained an existence for nearly forty

for the
Hogeboom.
as
In coming thither the dominie doubtless rode,

in those days,
and was an important preparation
church that
was universal with the ministry
on horse-
was
to
come
after
it,
and which endures to the present.

organization, though kept in
back, and followed the road that yet winds tlirough the
beautiful valley of the
The
records of this
first
Dutch
Squampamock.
fields,
But
then, instead
and not very
intelligible to those
who
are
Dutch by descent
of the carefully-tilled
fruitful orchards that
substantial
homesteads, and
and who have forgotten their

interest as giving
fathers' language, are of great
now
exist,
the most of the land was
some idea of our community a hundred

itself,
yet primeval forest, with only occasional clearings about the
years ago.
The book
in its
bound
as
it
is
in
vellum and
humble cabins
were content
to
which the mast of the earlier settlers dwell. The stone house of Johannes Hogein
of paper, which
it
water-marks bears the evidence that

its
antedates the Revolution, having woven in

initials
texture the
boom
(father of Lawrence) seems to have been quite a

its
man-
crown, with the
G. R. under
is
it,
besides a seal, iu
is
sion for
day, since, as early as 1760,
it
gave name to the
which the
lion
rampant of England
a chief feature,
to
community.
the antiquarian of great interest.

pass from the early settlers to the church
But we must
which was
day,
The
title-page reads as follows
" Allgemeen
Kerken-
to be planted in the
in the
midst of them.
On
Tues-
bock, Der Nederduitschen, Gereformeerden Gemeente Jesu

Christi op
March 28,
presence of Dominie Cock and the
Squampamuck, begonnen.
'
Anno. 1775, von 28
consistory of the church of Claverack, the

organized.
Articles were
new church was

rela
Maerch.
"
Laet
1
alle
Dingen Eerlyck Ende met Ordeu

Doer.
in
drawn up regulating the
Geschieden.'
Cor. 14: 40.
tionship of the churches of Claverack and
Squampamock
which were agreed

Aolsteen,
elders,
to
by Johannes Holsapple, Wilhelm
Von 29th dito is de Eerste Kerkenraedt bevestigt Dom. Gerhard Daniel Cock en de Erste predicatie
de
Johan
Adam
Schmit, and Richard Ysselsteen

Jer-
and Matthew Hollenbeck, Jonas Schenkel, and

and
Zecharias
Nieuwe Kerk Gedaen ober de woorden Apoc. 3: 18." This book contains the Doop Register, list of baptisms;
Register of Ledemater, or communicants
;
emias Johannes Muller, deacons, of the church of Clav

erack,
Kerkenraedt's
first
Kernreich,
,
Lawrence
Hogeboom
Acten, or acts of the consistory.

entry recounts what was done
articles of
Of
these latter the
Johannes Hogeboom, Jr
ing the
and Johannes Moedt, represent-
March
28, and records the
new
congregation.
viz.
:
On
the same day a consi.story
agreement between the consistories of Claverack
was chosen,
;
Elders, Zecharias Kernreich and Lawrence
and Squampamock.
the Rev.
is
Hogeboom Deacons, Omphrij Moor, Johannes Hogeboom, Jr. The following were the church members Lawrence Hogeboom and his wife Hester Leggett, Johannes Hoge:
The next entry is a call made upon Dom. Johannes Gabriel Gcbhard, in which it
months
in
stipulated that he shall preach once every two
and administer the sacrament
the church of
Squampa-
boom,
Jr.,
Omphrij Moor, Zecharias Kernreich and

Service was held for the
first
his
mock,
in
return for which the consistory promise yearly

to
wife Cornelia Schutt.
time
and every year

money.
This
pay him the sum of 20
New York
on Wednesday, March 29, when Dominie Cock installed

the
"
I
call
was made on him Oct. 17, 1772, and
consistory
and preached from the
text.
Rev.
iii.
18
signed by Lawrence Hogeboom, elder, and Johannes Hoge-
counsel thee to buy of

;
me
gold tried in the
fire,
that
boom, deacon.
thou mayest be rich
and white raiment, that thou mayest
During the seven years that elapsed from the formation

of the church until the calling of Dominie Gebhard, there
be clothed, and that the shame of thy nakedness do not
appear
and anoint thine eyes with eycsalve, that thou

see."
were occasional services by such ministers as could

secured.
be
to
mayest
The church
did
not prosper, but
managed
We
filled
can easily imagine that the
little
church was well
preserve an existence through the trying times of the Revolution.
on that day, and that from miles around the people

foot
After this event
it
did not receive proper encour-
came on
in
and
in
wagons and on horseback

few
to partit-ipate
agement from the churches of Claverack and Kinderhook,

nor cordial support from the members in the western part of the town, and
its
the services.
building.
A
A
among us
yet
remember the primisparsely-settled

hii;h
tive
frame structure, clapboarded and un-
foi
the next thirty yeare barely retained
painted, sufficiently large for the
somewhat
up with
orpinizatioti.
country.
The
interior
was
fitted
old-fash-
Children were baptized in 1777 (Feb. 27), 1779 (JuFy

19), 1781
ioned pews, a lofty gallery on three sides, and a wine-glass

pulpit reached by a winding flight of steps, and overhung
(Jan. 24 and Dec. 9), where we meet in the
record the names of
Adam and
Heinrieh Raed, Bartholo-
by the inevitable sounding-board,
in
this case
suspended
mew, John, and Abraham Hogeboom, Geisbert and John

Sharp, Wendel
337
Ham, David
Sager, Paulus Moou,
Anthony
Hogeboom, Edward Holmes, Philip Dunspaugh, Tenuis

Snyder, and John Holsapple.
Melius, Michael and Cornelius Mullor,
WilUam
Holsapple,
Barent and Jacob Wager, Latham Lamphear, and others,

as
The congregation was now more

preaching, and
in
regularly supplied with

in a
Wood,
Carder, Jackson, Conner,
Whoms, and McKarty,

In 1782,
1819 ninety-six persons united
and wives, with patronymics of Herder, Maul, Sheffer,

Vinzon, Eggelston, Stahl, Dittmore, and Scott.
petition to the classis of Rensselaer, asking for the forma-
tion of a separate church.

special
The
prayer being granted, a

organization and
Dominie Gebhard began stated

and during
tlieir
services once in two months,

fair
meeting was held
to perfect the
continuance the church enjoyed a
install a consistory.
measure of growth.
Forty persons were added to
the
membership
in
the ensuing seven years, twenty-eight of

faith.
wliom were on confession of their

minated I
Exactly when
ter-
This first consistory of the Reformed Dutch church at Ghent were William P. Link and Teunis G. Snyder, elders; John Jacobie, Jr., and George A. Shufelt, deacons. In
and why the arrangement with Dominic Gebhard was
1820, in addition to the before-mentioned persons, the
fol-
am
unable to state.
It
would seem
to
have been
lowing were ordained
elders
and deacons,
viz.
Jacob
about 1790.
In looking over the names of the early ciiurch membei-s, of names that yet continue
Millers, Herders,
Stupplebeem and John H. Ryfenbergh, elders;
Adam
Gaul
and Zeohariah Link, deacons.

into a
And June
10 of that year
" for the
among
us,
we
find
Hogebooms,
Sub-
these eight persons formed themselves and their successors
Kuns, Gerners, Zufelds, Sohermerhorns,
body corporate, under the statute providing
Van Dusens,
Diedricks, Siiarps, Shaffers, and Lants.
incorporation of religious societies."
The
corporate
name
sequent to 1790, while services were not perhaps as regular,
adopted was the " Consistory of Christ's Church in the town

of Ghent."
title
and with no staled supply, yet they were continued with

tolerable frequency
It
may be
well to
remark that
this corporate
up
to
1801, and occasionally on
to
1816.
was subsequently (April 29. 1824) changed
to
''
The
Tiie record of baptisms contains the
names of over three

entries
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Ghent," the

cation of which, as filed in the county clerk's
certifi-
hundred children baptized.
The
last
are
John,
office,
bears
Tobias, and Franklin, sons of Tobias L. and Eliza
Hoge-
the names of P. S.
Wynkoop,
minister;
Conrad Gaul,
;
boom, and Jacob, son of James
W. and Rebecca
one
in
list,
Peterson,
Jacob C. Miller, Barent Van Burcn, elders

trander, William Kisselburgh, Tunis Isbister,
Wilh's Os-
the
first in
1809; of the
in our
latter two,
1816 and the
John Harder,
the church.
other in
1818.
In looking over this
among many
deacons.
This
is
yet the corporate
name of
Its
it
names now unknown
community beyond those already
Thus, as far as ecclesiastical and
civil
law could go, the

only further lack
to support the or-
mentioned, the following have representatives yet abiding
church was completely organized.
among
us: Stopelbeen, Jones, Grod, Hoffman, Kifenberger,
was constituency that would enable

dinances of the gospel.
Eossman, Moet, Gaul, Martin, Decker, Van Valkenburgh,

Ostrander, Mesick, DeGraff, Pulver, Deo, Hess,
This could only be secured through
Bauman,
and
the consent of the churches of Kinderhook and Claverack

for,
Van
Dassel, Gardinier,
Hoes,
Van
Ness,
Leggett,
of the ninety-six persons

nearly
all
who
signed the petition to
Traver.
classis,
were members of either the one parent
In 1801 the church, having stood for over a quarter of

a century, was in need of repairs, and the
church or the other, and the heads of families were pledged

to
membership and
was
little
the support of the pastors of those churches.
So long
congregation were yet small and weak.
It
more
as the
new organization were
satisfied
with what services
than a preaching station of Claverack, and offered few in-
these pastors could render, and were willing to be a mere

out-station of these churches, no opposition arose; but
in order to call a pastor of their
ducements
was rapidly
for persons
to identify
who could
attend at Claverack or
it.
when,
Kinderhook
themselves with
decay, and
The building
felt
own, application was made

resided more con-
falling into
the congregation
for the dismissal of those
members who
either unable or disinclined to
make the
needful repairs.
venient to the church of Ghent, and their release from their

subscriptions to the pastor's salary, both Claverack and
At
this juncture the
Hogebooms, on behalf of the church,
Kin-
arranged with the Lutheran congregation, then organizing,

that if they would put the house in repair they should, by
derhook refused
to grant the
application.
the 23d of September, 1822, the
At length, on bounds of the new church

after.
such process, acquire a half-interest in the building.
An
re-
were determined, and a

to
call to
the pastorate was extended
agreement
pairs duly
to this effect
was drawn up and signed, the
Rev. Peter
S.
Wynkoop
immediately
made, and thus began a fraternal copartnership,
Mr.
Wynkoop
1822.
arrived and began his ministry in
Ghent
a practical illustration of Christian fellowship, destined to
Dec. 10,
He
was
installed
Jan. 9, 1823, Revs.
continue not only during the further fifteen years' occupancy of the old
a
edifice,
Andrew
Kittle, Isaiah
Y. Johnson, James Romeyn, and

in the services.
but
to
be perpetuated in the building of
Richard Sluyter participating
Immediately
new
This
one.
edifice
steps were taken as to the constitution of the membership.
was erected by the two

in
societies in
181C,
Those who had been received by verbal recommendation

were required
theirs,
to
and was consecrated
the spring of 1817.
It
was an
by
fifty-
bring certificates, and others presented
attractively proportioned
five
feet,
frame building,
forty-five
and
still
others
came forward on
of
confession
and on
as fol-
with a shapely spire, surnioutited by an angel
Feb. 14 the revised
list
members was made up

:
blowing a trumpet.
The
3,
cost,
including a good
bell,
was
lows (copying the register of the clerk)
" 5
members
do.
84550.
board of trustees was elected by the Dutch
heretofore admitted by certificate; 11 do. by confession;
congregation,
building.
March
1817, to control
its
interests in the
60
this
day from Kinderhook by

;
certificate
;
30
from
This was composed of Jacob Harder, John C.
Claverack
do.
from Hyde Park
1 do.
from Hudson
43
338
HISTORY OF COLUMlilA COUNTY,

;
NEW
YORK.
its
2 do. from Geriuantown
3 do. from old cliurch of Squam-
Though shorn of
of securing a pastor.
fell
members the Ghent church,

itself to
after
pamock
17 by confession,
136
total
nicants Feb. 14, 1823."
Seven of
this
number of communumber, viz., Henry
the lapse of several months, addressed
the
work
In the spring of 1845 their choice

Witt, son of an honored professor
T. Snyder and wife, Jacob Rivenburgh, Mrs.
Wm.
the
P. Vos-
on Rev. John
De
burgh. Miss
Ann Vredenburgh,
Rev. Mr.
Mrs. William Jones, and

still in
in
the Theological Seminary, and
who
is
now
filling
with
Mrs. Samuel Andress, survive, and are

nion of the church.
his settlement
commutime of
in
acceptance and cflBciency the chair of Biblical Literature

in
Wynkoop
at the
the same institution.
An
effort
was made
to secure a to
was
in the vigor of his
manhood, being
sufficient sub.scription to settle him,
which seems
have
his thirty-sixth year, having

isterial
had already ten years of minfaithful, earnest,
experience.
He
was a
all
and evan-
gclictd preacher,
but above
of deep personal piety, culti-
met with such success as lo warrant a call, which was made upon him April 3, 1845. The salary offered was S400. Mr. De Witt accepted, and gave four years of his early
ministry to the service of this church.
period in
its
vated by prayerful heart-searchings and communion with
It
was a
critical
God.
At
noon, as well as morning and evening, he gath-
history.
Families had fallen from one hun-
ered his family about the altar of worship.
He
was
strictly
dred to forty-five, and communicants from over two hundred

to
conscientious in the discharge of his duty, and to the neglect
eighty-five,
and
it
seemed doubtful whether the old

to presage extinction.
often of his private interests, and at every personal sacrifice

fulfilled
church had not been so weakened as
his appointments
interests of his flock.
and watched over the spiritual His pastorate extended over the
besides
However, the new

His work was
church
to its
pastor, despite discouragements, addressed
himself to the strengthening of the things that remained.

largely one of adjusting the affairs of the
period of twenty years, and
the
fruit
that was
gathered year by year, was marked by several seasons o f

special ingathering.
new
condition.
Two
important measures were
Such were the years 1831, 1832, and

year forty-one were received on con.
successfully carried through looking to this end.
The
first
1838, in which
fession.
last
was
to secure the title
and exclusive possession of the church
by confession and forty-one by

church.
in
During the twenty years one hundred and twenty certificate were added to the
edifice.
For
forty-five years the
societies
had now been joint occupants of the same house
The
highest
number of communicants reported
of worship.
So long
as their pastors alternated their labors
any one year was two hundred and twenty-five, in 1839. The first year of his pastorate. Dominie Wynkoop resided
house now occupied by Dr. P.
with other parishes the arrangement worked well, but
now
the Reformed church had a minister wholly to themselves,
in the
W.
Mull.
The
fol-
and only a half
interest in the church.
Hence they inaugto buy or met by them with
lowing year a parsonage was purchased with eight acres of

land,
urated measures for dis.solving the existing copartnership.
which was occupied by the pastor during the remainIt yet stands,
The
sell
proposal was
for
made
to the
Lutheran society
ing years of his settlement.
and
of Mr. Jacob Rivenburgh.
The
labors of
home Mr. Wynkoop

is
the
81100,
a proposition that was
an
offer to sell for that
sum.
The Reformed
consistory, in
were, by arrangement to that effect, shared by the Hillsdale

or
order to
make
the purcha.se, sold their parsonage, and on
Krum
church, until
it
was merged
latter
in
the church of
April 2, 1846, received a deed for the Lutheran interest.
Mellenville, in 1840,
and with the
church until 1843,
Having thus gained
full
pos.session of the old church, the
when he resigned his charge. Service was held every Sabbath in the Ghent church, one Sabbath in the morning and
the next in the afternoon, (every other Sabbath morning
the church being occupied by the Lutherans), and every
fourth Sabbath, a.m., he preached at Hillsdale.
second measure of importance inaugurated was a change in

the method of providing for the support of the church,
change
to
effected in
March, 1847, by an order of consistory

sale
have an annual
of the pews to the highest bidder.

list,
The Ghent
had grown
the
Thus the
losses
plan of a subscription
with
its
unavoidable
church, as
in
we have
seen, in these twenty years

greatly,
and inconveniences, was done away with,

if
superseded
De Witt
his
numbers and strength very

filled
and
for years
by a better
not a perfect system.
church had been

the
with attentive worshipers.

several
In 1840
In September, 1848, the connection of Rev. Mr.
work of colonizing began, and

to
families
aud
with the Ghent church was dissolved to enable him to accept a

call to
members were dismissed

a mission was
help
constitute
the
second
the church of Canajoharie.

to the church,
During
min-
church of Claverack (Mellenville).
year or two later
istry eight
had been added

certificate.
two by confession
all
grew into a church

sent forth
Chatham Four Corners, which soon in constituting it Ghent again some of her children. Finally, the members in
begua
at
;
and six by
During
portion, if not
the
and
time, of his pastorate
the church had to depend on the

for aid in supporting its pastor,
Board of Domestic Missions
the western portion of the town agitated the securing a
a dependence that was to continue up to
1855.
The
church
in
their
own
vicinity,
an
efibrt
which resulted
old
in
vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Rev. Mr. De Witt

lasted scarcely a
the organization, in 1843, of the Second Reformed church
month,
for Sept. 24,
1848, the consistory
of Ghent, and
the withdrawal
its
fioui
the
church of
made
at
call
upon Rev. John Gray,
nearly one-half of
so
families
and members.
These changes
Schodack, but then of Cohoes.
many years settled They were fortunate in

for
weakened the
financial strength of the parent church,

itself,
it felt itself
securing his speedy acceptance.

his office the first
He
assumed the duties of
that
when
to to
Mellenville wished a pastor for
Sabbath
in
October, and for exactly seven
unable
keep
its
obligation to Mr.
Wynkoop.
He
too
years faithfully and earnestly labored to serve the Master
seems
have been despondent of the future, and accordliis call,
and the church.

years
Full of experience, gathered

labor,
through
ingly resigned
years.
after a pastorate of
more than twenty
of missionary
fields,
alike
in
the
foreign
and doin
mestic
aud
fifteen
years of the pastorate
this
GiO T POWEIL
^^:~-^^^^^^^MM4iSSr^S^MM?&^
Residence
&
Fruit Farm of
TOWNSEND POWELL, Ghent, ColumsmCo.NY

country,
NEW
YORK.
339
with
heart
on
fire
with
love
for
souls,
review of the century, and particularly the last decade,
ready and pithy preacher, under him the church gradually strengthened, and the prospect
have every reason
to
thank
became more hopeful.
shows conspicuously that
we God and take courage. It God is mindful of his people,

for his
parsonage was purchased for him by a number of
mem-
and ever watches over and cares
church.
;
bers of the congregation,
who
It
retained the
is
title,
but gave
The
present officers of the church are

;
Pastor, Rev. J.
the use of
it to
the pastor.
now the
residence of Mr.
B. Drury
Elders, Philip Mesick, William Jones,
Aaron C.
Seth Winn.
Garner, Samuel
Adarai;
Djaoons. Aurelius
M. Tracy,
During
his pastorate the
Rev. Mr. Gray received thirty-
Charles
Philip.
Van Deusen,
William
W. Vosburgh, Richard
two into communion of the church, nineteen of

on confession.
Twenty-six
whom
were
thirteen
by confession and
thirteen by certificate
were
received during the last year
THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF GHENT.

The
early records of this
"=
of
his settlement.
Shortly preceding and attending the
body are vague and unsatisfac-
resignation of Mr. Gray, there was an unfortunate breach
tory, and, prior to
1825, consist mainly of the record of
of the long-prevaiiing harmony of the church, and which,

costing the church
its
its
the baptism of two hundred and twenty-nine infants,
many
pastor and
its
parsonage, threatened
as-
of whose names cannot be deciphered.
disruption.
Mr. Gray on leaving, for a short time
porary memoranda,
it
appears that
in
But from contemprior to 1775 several
sumed
a pastorate in western
New
York, but
in a
year or
his old
Lutheran families resided

sional preaching
this vicinity
who had
occa-
two returned here and took up

people, in the house
his residence
among
now occupied by
his
widow.
He
still
town.
by ministers from Rhinebeck and GermanIn consequence the organization of a church fol-
did efficient service with his pen, and died
among
us, hon-
ored and mourned, in 1865.
By
earnest effort the church

to call
fell
prior to 1801.
was
Rev.
able,
independent of the Board of Missions,
pastor for the old-time salary, and their choice
upon
W. W.
call
Letson, a recent graduate of the seminary.
His
beare date Feb. 18, 1856.
He
assumed charge
own house of worship made by the Lutherans, a half-interest was obtained in the Dutch Reformed meeting-house in Squampamock, the transfer of which was dated Dec. 5, 1801, and signed by John C. Lawrence, Johannes and Bartholemew Hogeboom, Daniel
lowed, without, however, having their
That
year, in consideration of repairs
shortly after, and continued to serve the church faithfully
Pultz, and
John
Tator.
This joint ownership of the church
and acceptably
January, 1864.
ress
for eight years.
He
resigned his
call
in
property was continued more than forty years.
During
his pastorate considerable
prog-
The church being
too
weak
to
support a pastor of
its
was made, the people became united, a parsonage was
secured, and a good degree of prosperity enjoyed. accessions

to
The
own, the pulpit was supplied at stated times by the Revs. Frederick Quitman, of Rhinebeck, Augustus Wackerhagen,
of Germantown, and Rev. Uhl, of Church town.
the church were twenty-one by confession
and
six
by
certificate.
The
trials,
present pastor was installed
Aug.
9,
1864.
In
these fourteen years the church has passed through
many
or his
Their ministry was attended by many additions to the membership of the church, and the baptism of a large number of infants. The names of many of these are yet
recognized in the families
has had
its
days of discouragement and darkness,

to suffer
of the present citizenship of
but the Lord has not allowed his cause
Ghent, though somewhat modified by the changes of time.
church
to perish.
Indeed, as
we
look over this period,
we
In
can thankfully praise him for what he has wrought, and

gather a lesson of confidence and trust for the future.
The early services of the church, as well as the intercourse among the people, was in the German, and were continued
as late as
1825
in that language.
1864 the church numbered forty-two members. It now numbers sixty-five

dred and
fifteen
families and sixty-two

families
Oct. 12, 1815, a joint meeting of the
Lutheran and
to to
and one hun-
Dutch Reformed church was held

erect a
to
devise measures
members.
Eiglity
membera have been

by confession), of
new house of worship.

was awarded
to in the spring of
Having determined
received into the
communion
(fifty-eight
build, the contract
Ephraim Baldwin, who
whom
seventy-five yet remain with us.

less
The Sabbath-school
began work
1816.
The house was reared
has grown from
than thirty scholars in 1864 to nearly
on the
site
of the old building, on the southeast corner of
one hundred and ten in 1878.
Just when the old church
the present Union cemetery, in spite of a determined effort

to secure its erection in
had been
refitted, at
an expense of about $1500, on the

it
the western part of the town.
It
night of Dec. 23, 1868,
was burned.
It
seemed
for a
was a frame,
forty-five
by
fifty-five
feet,
and cost S4550.

the spring of
moment
but the
as if the history of the

little
Ghent church was ended,

zeal-
The
dedicatory services were performed in
band
rallied
and addressed themselves
1817, by the Rev. Dr. Quitman, of Rhinebeck.
On
the
ously to the work of rebuilding.
The present
eligible site,
tasteful
and
7th of November, 1818, the
church
was incorporated,
convenient
at
edifice,
on
its
new and
was erected
an expense of nearly 15,000, and on June 28, 1870,
under the laws of the State, with the following council: Trustees, Henry Shufelt, David Cookingham, and John
was dedicated and opened for worship.

it,
Having paid
for
Rossman
Elders, Jonathan Traver
and John Y. Tator
in the
summer of 1872
built, at
the old parsonage was sold, and
Deacons, John M. Pultz, Frederick Traver, Henry Tator.
the present spacious and substantial residence adjoining the
The congregation continued

Jacob Berger was
to be supplied with
5,
preach-
church was
a cost of about S4500.
In
all
the
to
ing by other churches until Oct.
1826, when the Rev.

pastor by
needful appointments of a church we have

desire
;
now nothing
add his
installed as the first settled
and withal the Lord has not
failed to
spirit-
ual blessing and largely revive his work.
Surely, on the
From a
sketch by tho pastor, Rev. S. A. Wcikert.
340

New
York.
NEW
YORK.
summer of 18G6,
the meet-
Dr. Wackerhagen, president of the synod of
While he was
pastor, in the
Rev. Berber was a graduate of Union College, a profound theologian, eloquent to an unusual degree, and possessed
of deep personal piety.
ing-house was enlarged from
its
original dimensions, forty
by
fifty
feet, to
its
present capacious size, and otherwise

It is
He
was a power
in
the pulpit
improved, at a cost of S2700.

attractive structure,
now
a very neat
and
and out of
it.
He
served this church, in connection with
and
reflects credit
upon the committee

This was composed
those of Churchtown and Valatie, during his entire ministerial life,
charged with making the alterations.

of Cyrus Groat, Michael
I.
extending over a period of more than seventeen

died in his
field
Waltermire, and
Wm.
1,
Stup-
years.
He
of labor,
March
11, 1842,
plebeem.
aged forty-five years, and was interred at Churchtown.

pastorate was very prosperous
:
His
Mr.
Felts' successful pastorate
was closed March

1,
1870,
office
one hundred and seventy-
three were added to the church,
two by confirmation,
and
and from that period until Jan.
1871, the pastoral
one hundred and forty-
was vacant.
it
Then
the Rev. A. S.
four hundred
largest
and twenty-five
two years.
year's
Hartman came and filled vacancy followed, when the Rev. J.

spiritual
children were baptized.
The
1841,
number of communihundred and twenty.

Supper the
fii'st
cants reported was in
one
A. Tomlinson became the
guide of the church for

present pastor, the Rev.
a period of thirteen months.

S.
The
Of
the eighty
who
is
celebrated the Lord's
A. Weikert, assumed charge July 11, 1875.
During
his
time after his settlement, Mrs.
Hannah
Groat,
now
eighty-
three years' pastorate the
membership of the church has been
seven years old,
the only survivor.
increased by the addition of 50 persons,
36 of whom were
families,
About 1827 a parsonage was built conjointly by the Ghent and Churchtown societies at Mellenville, which yet remains as the property of William Thompson. A vacancy of ten months followed Mr. Berger's decease, when the Rev. E. Deyoe became the pastor. During his
three
years'
received as a result of the revival in the winter of 1876.
The church
at present
is in
(1878) numbers 75
165
the
communicants, and
a prosperous condition.
Substantial improvements have lately been
made on
church property and parsonage, putting them

condition.
:
in excellent
ministerial
connection
the
church
its
passed
through one of the most remarkable epochs of

the separation from the Dutch
history,
miah
Kittle, Albert S.
Reformed church, and the

itself.
Sylvester
The official board is composed of Trustees: JereWinn, and William Geary; Elders, Melius, Cyrus Groat, and Henry Shults Deacons,
;
building of a house of woi-ship owned solely by
Charles Arnold, Levi Laik, and Martin Stupplebeem.
This step was necessitated by the rapidly-increasing

bership of both churches, which
mem-
Sunday-school was organized by the Rev. Berger
in
demanded more frequent

Lutherans
.sold
the early part of his pastorate, which, excepting a few yeai-s,
worehip than before, each requiring the exclusive use of a

house.
has always been superintended by Sylvester Melius.
It
now
By
the terms agreed upon, the
numbers 115 members.
their interest in
the house, with a stipulation which perit
mitted them to use
until
June
to
1,
1845.
site
;
committee
was accordingly appointed

places suggested,
select a
for the
new
five
THE SECOND REFORMED PROTESTANT (DDTCH) CHURCH OP GHENT*

was organized on the 15th day of May, 1843.
meeting held
church, which reported Oct. 4,

it
1845
and of the
on the
The
act of
was decided
is
to build
lot offered
organization was granted by the classis of Rensselaer, at a

in
by Dr. Pugsley, and which

house.
In
now occupied by
this
the meeting-
the Reformed church of Claverack the

peti-
consequence
of
determination,
twenty
18th day of April of the same year, at which time a

tion
families living in the southern part of the
town withdrew
was presented by certain individuals residing

church
in their vicinity.
in
the
from the church, but subsequently .most of them reunited.
western part of the town of Ghent praying for the formation of a

classis
Jacobus Harder, Michael

niger,
I.
Waltermire, George
W. Den-
After deliberation the
George D. Pullz, and Jacobus Van
Hoesen were
was
resolved to grant the prayer, and appointed a com-
appointed a building committee, under whose supervision

the house was
mittee to organize said church.
In pursuance of this ap-
commenced
in
the
fall
of 1845.
It
pointment, the Rev. Dr. Gosman, of Hudson, on the 18th
completed the following summer, at a cost of S5000, and
day of May, appeared and presided
at
an election of
officers,
was consecrated by the Rev. Dr.
Pohlman, of Albany,
held at the school-house, in district No. 5, near the pro-
with the corporate name of " Christ's Evangelical Lutheran
posed place of building.
The
following were then chosen
Church of Ghent."
Rev. E. Deyoe closed his pastorate
call in
to serve as the first consistory of the

in
new
enterprise: Con-
1846,
to accept a
rade Smith, Peter Philip, Jr., Wilhelmus H. Link, Matthias
New
Jersey.
He was
good.
an earnest, practical preacher
A. Emorick,
I.
as elders,
and John T. Van Alstyne,
and a
faithful pastor,
its
whose connection with the church

Sixty-six were added to the
James
Leggett, William E.
New, Abraham Van Alen,
as
was promotive of
deacons.
membership, forty-seven by confirmation.
From 184G
to
1S6C the church had

Rev. Geo.
a gradual growth,
and nothing worthy
They were ordained by Dr. Gosman on the 11th of June. The corner-stone of the church was laid on the 14th day
of June, by Dr. Gosman, and on the day following the certificate
of note occurred except ihe pastoral changes.
These were
W.
Lewis, from March, 1847, to 1850,

office for irreirularity
who was
1,
of organization
was
acknowledged
before Darius
deposed from the ministerial
of conduct
Peck, judge of the court of

;
common
pleas of the county
Rev. John Rugan, from Sept. 18, 1850, Rev. J. D. English, from
Rev.
Feb.
1,
to
Dec.
1852
of Columbia, and
the
filed
and recorded
in the clerk's office
on
1858, to June, 1854;

to
to
same
day.
Rev. N. H. Cornell, from July, 1854,

I'cter Felts,
February, 1861
1870.
from Sept.
1,
1861,
Cv Rev.
.Jacob
W. Schcnck.

Tlie building of the church was pushed rapidly forward
;
NEW
YORK.
L.
341
The sermon was preached by Rev. E.

Matt.
tor,
ix.
Hermance, from
and on the
itth
of Septembar, 1843,
it
was dedicated
to the
Rev. J. B. Drury, of Ghent, charged the pas-
worship of God, the sermon on the occasion being preached
by the Rev. Dr.
I.
N. Wyckoff, of Albany.
and Rev. J. B. Campbell, of Chatham, the people. During the present pastorate the church has shared in the
revival
The
width.
size of the edifice,

its
which
is
still
remains the same exlength by forty in
ternally as at
erection,
fifty feet in
region.
which has blessed so many of the churches of this As one of the results of this refreshing from on
forty were
high,
some
added
in
little
over one year to the
Immediately upon their ordination the consistory tendered

a
call
membership of the church.
to the
Rev. Theodore F. Wyckoff' to become their
The
in
last consistorial
:
report (April,
1878) embraces the

;
pastor for one year, who, accepting the overture, was or-
following statistics
number of
families, ninety sixty,
total
now
dained to the gospel ministry and installed pastor of the
communion, one hundred and

in
being more than

;
church July 12, 1843.

by his
father. Dr. I.
The
ordination sermon was preached

to the pastor
double the number at the date of organization

ber of scholars
Sunday-school, ninety-five.
is
total
num-
N. Wyckoff'; the charge
was delivered by Dr. Gosman, and the charge by Rev. E.

S. Porter, of
to the people
Mr. George H. Kittle

the Sabbath-school.
the present superintendent of
Chatham.
At
the
first
communion, held on the second Sabbath of

by
certificate
October, seventy-six persons were received into the fellowship of the church, nearly
all
from the sur-
The names of the present consistory are: Elders, Matthias A. Emmerick, Jacob Raup, Jeremiah Fredenburgh, and Jacob Kittle Deacons, George H. Kittle, William Coon,
;
rounding churches.
Of
this
number, more than one-half

S. Wyckoff'
call
Sylvanus Speed, and Edwin Zipple.
were dismissed from the First Reformed church of Ghent.
The
Aug.
last
sermon of Rev. T.
Shortly after a
was preached
THE friends' meeting OF GHENT.

The
pioneer meetings of the Friends in the town of
4,
1844.
was made upon the
Ghent
Rev. George R. Williamson, who

pastor of the church
w:is
ordained and'installed
were appointed for Thomas Scattergood, a traveling minister

of the society from Philadelphia, at the house of
Oct.
16,
1844.
The sermon was
Abram
preached by Rev.
1 Peter,
I.
i.
George H. Fisher,
New
York, from
Macy,
in
the
summer of 1793.
The
air.
capacity of the house
3-5
the charge to the pastor was given by Rev.
proving too limited to accommodate those
who
attended, the
later,
C. Boyce, of Ciaverack,
and that
to the people
by Rev.
meetings were held in the open
year
Mr.
B. Vanzandt, of Kinderhook.
pastor of the church until 1848,
Mr. Williamson remained
Macy
erected a
more commodious
hou.se, in
which the meet-
when he was
called to the
ings were held until 1795,
when
a small house of worship
church of Amity,
New
York.
He
perished in the exploriver,
was built on the spot occupied by the present meeting-house,
sion of the "Reindeer," on the
Hudson
September,
1852.
At
the close of his pastorate the present
commodious
to the
parsonage was built, and the grounds surrounding,

extent of an acre or more, were purchased.
period, also, a plot of
Near
this
A number of Friends settled among the early members of the meeting were Abram Macy, John Macy, Robert Macy, Tephania Coffin, John White, Israel Trip, Francis Bunker, Richard Worth, David Ring, John Burtiss, James Golding,
in the eastern part of
Ghent.
in this
neighborhood, and
ground adjacent
to the
church came
Stephen Earle, Samuel Crandell, Dr.
Amos
and
Carpenter, and
into the possession of consistory, to be used as a cemetery,
Samuel Coleman.
Dr.
and which by subsequent additions now comprises about

two
acres.
Amos
Carpenter was the
first,
for
many
years
the only, approved minister of the meeting.
Charles M.
to
The
third pastor was Rev. J. C.
Van
Dervoort,
who was
Robinson and Eliza A. Shepherd are ministers belonging

the meeting at present.
cised the privilege of
installed on the 19tli of
May, 1848.
;
Rev. Edwin Holmes,
Many
of the members have exerinstructors,
of Nassau, preached the sermon
Rev. Dr. Gosman gave
becoming
and have ex-
the charge to the pastor, and Rev. William Bailey, of Schodack, the charge to the people.
until the fall of
horted at the meetings.
He
continued his labors
The
spot.
present meeting-house
It
is
is
the third erected on this
1850, when he was called home.

'Van
a plain
building, twenty-fuur by thirty feet.
The Rev. Jacob H.
Woert was
installed the fourth
The removal
of
many of
the
to
members has diminished the

about forty persons.
in
pastor of the church Oct. 12, 1852, and closed his labors
membership of the meeting
here in 1865, being dismissed to the classis of Schoharie.
First-day school was organized

for its superintendent.
1870, having Charles
The
installation
sermon was preached by Rev. E. Holmes

Schenck, of Chatham, charged the pastor,
M. Robinson
conducted
of
all
The
school has been

tiie
Rev. John
W.
in
an interesting manner, enlisting

the meeting.
interest
and Rev. John Steele the people.
the
members of
'The attendance aver-
The
fifth pastor.
Rev. Elbert N. Sebring, was ordained
ages twenty-five scholare.
and installed Nov. 15, 1865.
The sermon
;
wa.s
preached
by Rev. E. A.
and that
Falls.
Collier, of
Kinderhook
the charge to the
THE
ST.
John's (gerji.\n ev.^niêlic.^l Lutheran)
pastor was delivered by Rev. A. J. Sebring, of Mellenville,

to the people
CHURCH OF GHENT.
In 1850 the Rev. Pohle organized a small
gregation in the English
by Rev. Isaac L. Kip, of Stuyvesant
German
at
con-
After a pastorate of seven years, Mr. Sebring was
Lutheran church
Ghent, of
dismissed to the church of Fairfield, N. J.
Rev. Jacob
W.
Schonck, the present incumbent, was or-
year.
which the Rev. G. Borchort became pa.stor the following The place of meeting was changed to the Walterto
dained and installed pastor of this church July 8, 1873.
mire school-house, and the congregation soon increased
342

numbers that
in
NEW
At
YORK.
the age of eleven he was in correspond-
such
house of worship.
Henry Pulver
deemed advisable to build a it was Half an acre of ground was purchased of the southern part of the town, on which
feet.
ical character.
ence with
some of the leading mathematicians of the

fifteen
country; at the age of
he was a practical surveyor.
was erected a plain frame house, twenty-four by thirty

It was dedicated in
With what
assistance he gained from the
common
schools
for the
1S55 by the Rev.
Schifterling,
and the
the
en-
and from the study of books, he prepared himself
church with
its
ministeriuiM of
name became connected with New York. In 18G9 the house was
present
its
Van
Rensselaer Institute, at Troy, N. Y., then under the
management of Professor Eaton, where he graduated with

high honors
in
larged by the addition of eighteen feet to
length,
and on
1833, and
immediately after began
the
the 6th of June, of that year, was re-dedicated by the Rev.
study of law with Messrs. Wilcos.son
& Van
Schaack, at
Messrs.
A. E. Frey.
worth 82500.
It
is now a comfortable place of worship, The church numbers seventy-five members,
Kinderhook, and finished his
legal
studies with
and maintains a Sunday-school
having thirty members.
The
pa-storal
connection has been as follows: 1850, Rev.
McKay & Bramhall, in the city of Buffalo, N. Y., with whom he formed a partnership upon his admission to the bar in 1837. He practiced his profession in the city of
Buffalo
till
Pohle; 1852-53, Rev. G. Borchert; 1854, Rev. Werner;
1840, during which time he took an active part

advocating measures for reforming the
first
1855, Rev. Schifterling;
1856-60, Rev. Clasen

;
1861,
in politics, especially
Rev. Zahn
1862-68, Rev, Clasen

;
1868-71, Rev. Leh-
judiciary.
that
He
was a member of the

in
association for
man
1872-76, Rev. Leddin
1877, Rev. C. A. Stopel.
purpose formed
the State, and was noted for his
ability as a public speaker
and
for his readiness

etc.
and accu-
THE MILITARY RECORD

of Ghent embraces the names of Jacob Moul, John Moul,
racy in drawing up forms for pleadings,
In 1840 he
removed
to
Nassau, Rensselaer Co., where he was subsetill
John Holsapple, and John LuiFman

of the Revolutionary war.
as pensioners, in
1840, 1812,
quently engaged in the practice of his profession

fall
the
his
Of
those
who served
in
of 1844.
During the campaign of that season

in the
the names of Captain Cornelius Siiufelt, Christopher Miller,
voice failed
him on account of an
attack of bronchitis, in-
Henry
Schell,
Henry
Jacobi, Philip and
Henry Wager
are
duced by excessive speaking
open
air.
He
had ad-
remembered.
dressed over sixty open-air mass-meetings in a voice of such
The war
for the suppression
of the Rebellion caused the
singular clearness and strength that the multitudes

listened to
who
usual special town-meetings to be held,
when
active support
was voted the government.

been credited
will be
to the
The names of
those
who have
had the
this
him were delighted, and moved power to move them but he paid
;
as few orators
the penalty for a hoarseness
town
as participants of that struggle
extravagant use of his vocal organs
in
found
in the military lists.
scarcely
more audible
for
many months
to
than a whisper.
retire
In consequence of this he was obliged

profession,
taste
from his
to his
and chose the occupation most congenial

to his recovery,
and conducive
the pursuit of
life
;
agri-
HON. JOHN
was born
in
culture.
His settlement on a farm, however, was by no means the

signal for his retirement
T.
HOGEBOOM
Jan. 31, 1816.
from public
on the contrary,
notwithstanding the impaired condition of his voice, he

took at once an active and prominent part in the formation of public opinion on the question of African slavery, which
the town of Ghent, Columbia Co., N. Y., on
the place where he
Tobias
3,
L.
now Hogeboom
resides,
His father
place,
was born on the same

his family.
Nov.
was then assuming commanding importance

of the State and nation.
holder,
in the politics a slave-
1770
and here
also his grandfather,
Lawrence J. Hoge-
Although the son of
boom, was born and reared
They
are descend-
and a descendant of slaveholding ancestors

all
(for
ants of the best Knickerbocker stock of the State, and
nearly
the leading families of Dutch extraction in the
among
at
its
earliest settlers,
the
settlement at
Claverack
earliest settled parts of the State
were slaveholders), he was
Landing having been made by Peter Hogeboom and others

no very long period after the settlement of
a practical disciple of that democracy taught by

Jefferson,
Thomas
New York
and an earnest opponent of every form of slavery.

this subject
On the maternal side they are descended from John Howland, of the " Mayflower," in one line, and
and Albany.
in the other
His views on
were greatly strengthened by the
large influence of his father's teaching
and example, who

York.
fast ripening,
from Sarah Smith, the celebrated Quakeress,
was himself a slaveholder, and yet an

abolition of slavery in the State of
active advocate of the
who
suffered severe
punishment
for her faith
during the
New
persecution of the Quakers at Salem, Mass.
The mother
The
issues
upon the slavery question were
of John T.
Hogeboom was
in
the only daughter of Joseph
and the
efforts of
both the leading political parties to allay
Power, a captain
Smith.
gett, of
the Revolutionary army, and Rebecca

his father's
left
the agitation in the public mind were futile while the power
of Congress was constantly employed by the slaveholding
class for the protection
His grandmother on
Scotch descent, who
side
was a Leg-
Scotland on account of
to Holland.
political
and extension of the " divine

legislation
insti-
religious persecution,
and emigrated
the
Of
this
tution."
The Kansas and Nebraska

the
of Conto
family
William
Leggett,
noted
writer and
gress
the violations of the compact in

;
relation
the
journalist,
was a descendant.
in early
Northwestern Territory
new
fugitive-slave
bill,
and
John T. Hogeboom evinced
boyhood great avidand mathemat-
the judicial decision of the United States
Supreme Court,
ity for knowledge, especially of a scientific
were certainly calculated to awaken the apprehension of the

friends of freedom
343
and
to
summon them
to action, if the
as the chairman of the convention
but the
spirit
of the
Republic was to be maintained as the asylum of the oppressed and the
concession was rendered apparent as the discussion went on.
home of liberty. The important part taken by Mr. Hogeboom
He
as delegate
was personally arraigned
as a " disturber of the
public
peace," and his son as a " breeder of discord."
Many
of
to national
and State conventions, which has become part
the friends of freedom were apprehensive of the result in

seeing on the one side so formidable an array of experienced
speakers, and on the other the sole and unpretending debater.
in
of the political history of our country, especially his untiring

will
and zealous work performed within his native county,

his reputation
form the chief basis upon which
must
But
the sagacity displayed by the " Barn-burners"
rest as a public orator
(sometimes rising
citizen,
to extraordinary
contenting themselves with a single advocate was fully
power), as an honest, self-denying
and
as a public
justified
by the
result.
Conscious of the right, and never
benefactor, employing his best faculties in their highest

activity for the benefit of his fellow-men.
for a
moment appearing to lose his self-control under the violent personal attacks made upon himself and his honored
father, he successfully resisted the assault,
The county of Columbia had
in
all
its
history
shown
and by
his fer-
itself as especially conservative in its political bias,
and had
vent appeal to the masses to stand by the faith of the

fathers ia
carried
tions
uniformly contributed to the State conventions delegates in

favor of the policy of maintaining a cordial alliance with
slavery.
the advocacy of freedom, the convention was

in
by an overwhelming majority
support of resoluit
The Democratic
It held
party in the county, under the
pronouncing hostility
to slavery,
and declaring
all
the
leadership of the venerable Monell, was especially conservative.
duty of the government, under the constitution, in

tical
practo
nearly
all
the
members of the
bar,
and not
to ven-
ways
to encourage its abolition in the

its
States,
and
one in the Democratic party who had been willing
prevent by absolute legislation

Territories.
extension into any of the
ture a protest in any convention against the uniform selection of pro-slavery delegates to State or Congressional con-
The
contest
between the opposing elements of public

In the Democratic party
it
ventions.
Within the county,
it will
be conceded without
opinion was only beginning.
question that the influence of Mr.

larger than that of any other
Hogeboom was much

in
was rapidly reaching

of the party, too well
its
culmination in the open rupture

as part of the general history
man
carrying the county
known
over from the conservative to the radical side of 'the pend-
of the country to require any further mention here.
The
ing political issues.
"
The Apple-Tree Convention" of

the crisis of
the
its
name of the
fied
subject of this notice
is
so prominently identihis life very imperpolitical features
Democratic party of the county marks

political history.
with
it
as to render
any sketch of
The
practice then prevailed of holding
fect
which did not deal somewhat with the
conventions unrestricted as to numbers, leaving each town

to send as
of the times in which he was an earnest actor and worker.
many
delegates as
it
desired,
and selecting from
He
and
was one of the " hundred gentlemen,"
as the conserv-
the assemblage a committee on nominations equally from
ative press sneeringly designated

his associates,
William Cullen Bryant
the towns.
All other questions were decided by the '-con-
who had been
selected
by a committee of
vention at large."
This was a form of convention very
" Barn-burners" to protest in behalf of the majority of the
popular with the masses, and

politicians,
much
preferred by the skillful
who were
all
the
better
enabled to mould
and
in
manipulate public opinion.

the suppression of
It had
worked admirably
;
Democracy of the State against the nomination of James Buchanan, the means by which it was accomplished, and During all the the platform upon which it was placed.
controversies
opposition to the ruling power

it
but
which agitated the Democratic party from

as that of a
the time had come when

for
was
to furnish
an opportunity In the prepara-
1846
to
1857, growing out of the slavery question, his
an effective and successful rebellion.
position
lic
was marked
prominent leader of pubfaithful to his convic-
tion for the convention a preliminary

icals
meeting of the radto
opinion,
tireless, energetic,
and
demand that the coming county convention should be called at some more central place in the county and away from the city of
held,
had been
and
it
was resolved
tions.
His
of
its
voice,
though somewhat impaired, had acquired

and was often heard
in every
much
original vigor,
part of the county.
He
was always
a ready speaker, clear
Hudson.
The county committee, although

to call
conservative,
in his delivery, extremely plain in his language,

liarly logical
and pecu-
were easily prevailed upon
the convention at Clav-
and forcible
in his statements.
His earnestness
erack, in the hopes of avoiding complaints, while confident
evinced the thoroughness of his convictions, while his wellestablished character for honesty added great weight to his
of an easy victory in the contest which was

approaching.
known
to
be
otherwise effective oratory.

assembled, and as both parties or factions
irrespective of party,
The people of
to
his
own county,
ear,
The convention
had exerted
found to be
ity.
always gave hiui a willing

him.
and
their strength in sending strong delegations
from
were never weary of listening
His audiences were
the several towns, in numbers as well as in character,
it
was
uniformly the largest gatherings in the county.
much
too
large for
fine,
any building
it
in the vicin-
With such
party at
its
political
antecedents, he was naturally and
The weather was
and
was called together be-
consistently led into association with the present Republican
neath the ample shade of an orchard.
The " Hunkers"

;
formation.
He
was offered by his new party a

it
were amply supplied with
eflx'ctive
speakers
the " Barn-
nomination for Congress, but he declined
upon the ground

from the canvass
burners," by their preliminary
meeting, had resolved to
that he could better serve the cause out of harness than in
leave the discussion wholly to the single advocacy of Mr.
and afterwards, when compelled
to retire
Hogeboom.
show of harmony had been exhibited by
on account of a return of bronchial affection, an unsought
the committee in the selection of Jlr. Tobias L.
Hogeboom
nomination for member of Assembly found him
in a forest
344
NEW
YORK.
subject, but the plan of
retreat of Pennsylvania, seeking the restoration of his health.
more extended biography of our

our work compels us
He
returned
home with
the determination to decline the
to refrain, leaving
many
things unsaid
to be in-
nomination, but his objections were overruled by the ur-
which a complete sketch of

serted.
his life
would require
gent solicitations of friends.
He
was
elected,
and at once
as
We
subjoin the general statistics of the places of
took a prominent position in the Legislature.
He served
as
responsibility
and
trust
which he has
filled.
chairman of the committee on
railroads,
and
member
of
Since the above service in the Assembly, he has been

twice a
the committee on ways and means.

It
member of
that body, viz., in

fii-st
1876 and 1877.
He
was during this session that one of the most remark-
was county judge

tution of 1846.
for the
two terms under the constifor the
able scenes took place on the floor of the
House ever
wit-
He
was renominated unanimously
nessed in a legislative a.ssembly.
Mr. Hogeboom had been
third term by the Democratic party,
and declined expressly
appealed to by several
to seek the repeal of
members and one prominent senator
an odious law which had been passed
upon the ground that he feared coming political events would force him to sever his connections with a party from
which he was receiving a
to place favor,
by lobby influence " legitimatizing" certain children

in
bom
and he could not consent
bastardy.
He
remonstrated with the senator, as the
one feather's weight against the obligations of
Senate offered the best opportunity for the introduction of

the
duty which might upon an expected contingency intervene

to
;
new
bill,
nor would he assent to the proposition
till
the
and
this
was that the Democratic party might
fail
mother, with her children, seeking flight from the false

legitimacy of the statute, appealed to
declare itself hostile to the extension of slavery into
him
for protection.
the Territories of the United States.

" Barn-burner"
delegates
to
He
was one of the

convention
He
consented to make the attempt at the opening of the
the
Baltimore
session next morning.
The time came, and
at the conclu-
which nominated Lewis Cass
sion of the roll-call he arose, and, addre.ssing the speaker,
and who, upon the admission of the " Hunker" delegates on equal
for the presidency,
demanded
to be
heard on a question of privilege.
It
was
terms, resigned their seats
in
the convention, and by a
not possible for several minutes to comprehend the drift of the member's remarks, so artfully was the attack concealed
published address absolved themselves from responsibility to
support
its
nominations.
He
under a general dissertation upon the obligations and vagaries of legislation.
convention which nominated

cis
was a member of the Buffalo Van Buren and Charles Franin fidelity to the
When
he had succeeded
in
engaging
Adams, and has survived them both

and
the attention of the speaker and obtaining the ear of the
principles of " free soil, free men,
free speech."
He was
House (we are using now the words of an eye-witness), the members of the lobby were at first very active in inducing members to object, and objections were poured in from
every quarter.
a delegate to the convention at Chicago which nominated
Abraham Lincoln
port of
for President.
He
has held the offices
of United States appraiser and general appraiser at the
But
the one clear voice could be distinctly
New York
for
some twelve
years, in a period of
heard above
all
the uproar, fulminating the fiercest denun-
general delinquency, without one suspicion upon his integrity.
ciations against the authors

tion,
and abettors of unclean
legisla-
To
these positions he was
named by the President

tariff
and the criminal methods by which an unwary Legishad been inveigled into the accomplishment of their
because of their great importance during the
changes
lature
incidental to the necessity of large augmentations of rev-
purpose, and supported the
demand
to
be heard
in
behalf
enue and the desire of reform

language applied
in the furnace,
to
in their organization.
Using
of the privileges of the House, whose dignity had been

violated
;
him by
a contemporary, "
it
Ho
has been
fire
in
behalf of each member, whose honor had been

legislation
;
and comes out of
without the smell of
compromised by unclean
and that the House
upon
bis garments."
is
proceed immediately to the consideration of such means as
should be deemed necessary and proper for
its
vindication.
The speaker
decided to hear.
The speech which
followed
now engaged practically in the cultivation of his we found him among his men with the implements of husbandry in his hands. He is now in his sixtyfarm, where
third year, in the enjoyment of good health,
fair
He
was not reported, the stenographer, Mr. Sherman Croswell, becoming so excited by the vehement and eloquent strain
of the remarks of Mr.
and with a
promise of many years of usefulness before him.

is
His
her
Hogeboom
as to lose all self-com-
mother, nearly ninety-four years of age,
living with him,

all
mand.
wa.s,
When
afterwards asked for his report, his answer

!
and she
faculties.
is
in
good health and in the possession of

to
"
My God
no living
man
could report that speech
!"
His children born
him
are
all
living,
^^three
It is almost needless to cessful. in

less
add that Mr. Hogeboom was sucthe

bill
sons and two daughters,
and
his youngest son, nineteen
The House passed

than an hour
;
through
all its
stages
years of age, living with him,
whom we
saw upon the place

late
the Senate,
members of which had

in the
on visiting
it.
His
wife, a
daughter of the
Rensselaer
Samuel
is
;argely been witnesses of
what had passed

;
House,
McClellan, M.D., of Schodack,
county,
passed the
bill
without debate
and the clerk of the House

it
highly-educated and accomplished woman, and as earnest
carrying the
bill
personally to the governor,

in less
was signed
and ready as himself

have
in their
in
the discharge of every duty.
They
and
ac-
and became a law

time alluded
than two hours from the introduc-
lives applied to practice
the homely virtues,
tion of the question of privilege.

to.
The Albany
press at the
effect-
and
set the
good example
to all
their neighbors
that speech as the

in
most eloquent and
quaintances, that the Irighcst accomplishments arc in accord
ive ever delivered
the
House of Assembly, and

in
one,
its
with the performance of

life.
all
the duties and obligations of
perhaps,
delivery.
nowhere surpassed
the
efiectiveness
of
We
have found many
in the
county who have urged a
,;/'^y4^^-^^'^-^^^^;^^^-
NEW YORK.
345
HON. JOHN
was born
in Austerlitz,
CADMAN
about 1860 as attorney and
district
Columbia
Co.,
N. Y., on the 5th
of-
solicitor in the
United States
October, 1830.
His birthplace was on a farm which he

originally the estate of his father,
and
circuit courts.
now owns, and which was

William J. Cadman.
On
his admission to practice, in 1853,
he formed a law
partnership with
village, the
Hugh W.
McClellan, Esq., of
Chatham
that
Christopher Cadman, his great-great-grandfather, came
present county judge, and remained in
from England
in
the early part of the eighteenth century,

Island,
relation
till
the latter
moved out of
the county, in 1856.
and
settled
in
Rhode
where
his
great-grandfather,
He
continued
in successful practice at
Chatham
village
till
Edward, was bom about 1725.
The
latter,
when
young
June, 1878, when he removed his
office to
Hudson, N. Y.
in be-
man, removed from Rhode Island and

about two miles north of Austerlitz
mile south of where
sketch,
settled in Austerlitz,
He
is
a Republican in
politics,
ardently devoted to the
village,
and about one
principles of that party,
and was an earnest worker
was born.
John Cadman, the subject of this Here his grandfather, John Cadman,
his family.
half of
first
its
measures during the late Rebellion.
During the
year of the war he spent most of his time in address-
was born and reared
He was
a soldier in the
ing war meetings and enlisting soldiers for the defense of

the
Revolutionary war, and died in the year 1803.

grandfather outlived him, departing this
life
His
in
greatfall
Union,
till
offers of
large bounties
for
enlistments
the
of
superseded the necessity for that kind of work.
He
has
1816, about ninety years of age.
His
father,
in
William J.
attended most of the Republican State and National Conventions since the organization of the party, and was a
delegate to the National Convention at Baltimore which
Cadman, was born on the same place

brought up there
his education, as
to the
1796.
He
was
occupation of a farmer, receiving

for fanuers' boys, in the
was then customary
renominated Mr. Lincoln for his second presidential term

in
common
schools.
He
married for his second wife
Ruhamy
1864.
In 1871 he was elected judge of the county

held the office during a
Burrows, of Austerlitz, by
whom
he had seven children, of

is
court of Columbia county, and
whom
the subject of this biography
the youngest living.
term of sis years.
At
the expiration of his term
he
He was
brought up
in Austerlitz
on a farm, attending in boyto
declined a renomination, and in the convention nominated

his
hood the common schools, and as a young man, ambitious

of
successor.
Judge McClellan.
He made
is
an excellent
secure a good education, having recourse to that expedient
record on the bench.
As
a lawyer he
remarkably candid
many
a self made man, school-teaching during the winter
and
judicial,
impressing
all
who
hear him or seek bis ad-
months, by the aid of which he secured the means of pursuing the classics and the higher branches of the English
in the
vice with the justness of his positions and the fairness and
force of his arguments.
to
As
a careful student he has sought

it in
academies of Austerlitz and Spencertown.
He
thus
know
the law, and, as an administrator, to enforce
acquired the rudiments of a thorough practical education,
its intention
and
spirit.
He
is
well informed in his profesin
and
in
1851 entered
as a student-at-law the office of Messrs.
sion,
and having practiced extensively
most of the courts
Payn
to
&
McClellan, at
Chatham
village.
He
in
was admitted
of the State, adds to his information a ripe experience in

all
practice as attorney
and counselor
May, 1853, and
legal
matters.
These
qualifications, together with
his
44
346

4iin] a safe
is
NEW
YORK.
After graduation
candor and good judgment, render

a good advocate.
forcible.
counselor and
teen years of age.
he immediately en-
As
a speaker he
clear, logical,
and
its
tered upon the study of law in the oflBce of
His practice has been
successful,
and
all
profits
have been made
in the legitimate line
of his profes-
Hon. John Koon, of Troy, N. Y., at that time, afterwards of Albany, where he continued his studies three years, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney at law and solicitor in
sion.
He
has not realized a dollar by any outside specula-
tion whatever, except it
may be
in the purchase
of a piece
chancery in October, 1842.
He
began practice in the
vil-
of real estate which has increased in value.
lage of Bethel, Ontario Co., N. Y., and continued there

years, connecting farming with his professional duties.
two
Judge Cadman
is
member of
the Reformed church of
At
prac-
the village of Chatham, and has been an earnest worker in the interest of the Sunday-school, thus giving his example
the expiration of this time he removed to the town of Chat-
ham and
tice
till
opened a
law-office,
where he continued
in
and influence
in aid of the cause
of Christianity, and the
1856.
till
He
then removed to Albany, in which city
moral well-being of society.
he practiced 1854, to
1866.
On
hb
the death of Horatio N. Wright,

office
He
was married.
May
2,
Ann Augusta Payn,
Esq., to
whom
he sold his
on moving
to
Albany, he
eldest daughter of
Hon. Elisha Payn, of the firm of Payn
&
McClellan, of Chatham village,
returned and resumed
practice in
Chatham, and has conpoints of law and prac-
a lady of high intelli-
tinued his successful career as a lawyer there ever since.
gence and of exemplary Christian character,
who
is also
He
tice,
is
thoroughly informed on
is
all
member
of the Reformed church.
Their marital relations

all
and
remarkably
self-reliant in his
judgment and in
have been blessed with seven children,

writing, July, 1878.
living at this
the
management of
his causes.
He
to
has been characterized
throughout his extensive practice by thorough honesty and

integrity,
clients his
and has sought always

own.
make
the cause of his

trial
In bringing his causes to
he has the
all
merit of having them well prepared, of understanding
HON.
HUGH WILSON McCLELLAN

in
the points involved, and being able to present the facts and
arguments of the case
in a strong
and convincing
light
he
is
was born on the 12th of December, 1820,

Rensselaer Co., N. Y.
Schodack,
therefore convinces the
judgment of the
court, while he
He
is
the elder of two sons of Dr.
not ineffective before a jury.
Judge McClellan has had an
Samuel and Laura (Cook) McClellan.

Dr. McClellan was the son of
extensive practice both in Albany and Chatham, and has
born in Currin, Ireland, in
who was 1745, and who came to what is

McClellan,
Hugh
the reputation of being one of the most successful lawyers
of this county, while his character for integrity

proach.
is
above
re-
now
Coleraine, Massachusetts, in 1749, with his father,
Mi-
chael McClellan.
This Michael purchased a farm there,

his descendants until
In
politics
he
is
a Democrat, and has been honored
by
which was owned by
1870.
war,
the people of his county with almost every office of trust in
At
the
commencement of the Revolutionary
Hugh
their gift
has been town clerk, town superintendent of
McClellan raised a company of minute-men, and was chosen

their captain.
schools, supervisor, etc., having declined the office of district
This company was attached to the army of

re-
attorney on account of his dislike to engage in criminal
General Gates for some time before the battles which

sulted in the capture of Burgoyne, and were
scouts.
prosecutions.
In the
ill
of 1867 he was elected surrogate

office
employed as
of the county, and held the
four years.
office
In 1877 he
In this capacity they captured a company of Brit^

to
was elected county judge, which

present time.
he holds at the
iah
which was returning
Burgoyne with news that they

for retreat,
had found a practicable route

very important.
which capture was
Emma
January 17, 1846, he was united in marriage to Miss P., daughter of George Marvin, of Albany, and has
two sons and one daughter.
After the war Captain McClellan became colonel, which
.three children,
rank he held at the time of the Shay Rebellion, in which
he did man's duty on the side of the government while

lasted,
its
it
and
in securing
pardon for the misguided men after
suppression.
He
continued to represent his town in the
TOWNSEND POWELL,
son of
general court (Legislature) until

elected.
he refused to be again
James and Martha Powell, was born at Dutchess Co., N. Y., August 23, 1807. He
Clinton,
lived
at
Dr. McClellan was born in Coleraine, Massachusetts, on

the 14th day of June, 1787.
his elder brother,
the homestead, early assuming the care of the farm, until the year 1845,
He
studied medicine with

in Livingston,
when he removed
resides.
to
Ghent, Columbia Co.,
John McClellan, M.D.,
where he now
He
has devoted himself to the
Columbia Co., N. Y., and became an eminent physician, removing to Schodack, Rensselaer county, in 1812, where he
practiced
till
careful cultivation
and improvement uf his farm, and has

improvements,
for
also entered largely into local
many
years
his death, in 1855.

years.
life
Mrs. McClellan survived
taking an active interest
in
the public school.
him about ten
His
wife, Catharine
Macy, daughter of Abram and Eliza-
The
early
of
Hugh Wilson
McClellan was spent

After pursuing a
beth Macy, was of Nantucket ancestry.

siastic
She was an enthu-
amidst superior educational advantages.
lover of flowers, and cultivated
them with great
thorough academical course he passed a successful examination,
success.
upon which he entered the junior

where he was graduated
in
class
of Union Colless
She died Feb. 10, 1877, but the home still bears the evidences of her zeal in making it attractive and beautiful.
lege,
1839, being
than nine-
0^:y-/fyf^f,^,<i.^z..^

Their oldest son, Aaron M. Powell, was born at Clinton,
in
NEW YORK.
347
Albany, was subsequently a teacher, and was connected
in
1832.
At
the age of eighteen he became interested in
that capacity with Vassar College, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
the anti-slavery cause, and fronn that time until the pro-
During the year 1871 she was associated with Charles C.

Burleigh
in
clamation of emancipation gave his best efforts to secure

the abolition of slavery in
the United
States.
the care of the Free Congregational Society,
He
was
of Florence, Mass.
In 1872 she was married

in Florence.
in
to
Henry H.
editor of the National Anii- Slavery
Standard from 1866.

of the
Bond, a lawyer, residing
He
has since devoted himself to the temperance cause,

for several years the associate editor
Their son, George T. Powell, born
Clinton, in 1843,
having been
and his wife, Maria Chace, of Claverack, have charge of

the farm.
fruit,
National Temperance Advocate, published
in
New
York.
He
is
e.specially
interested
in
the culture of
pears, cherries,
He
has also been an advocate of woman's suffrage, and in

as a delegate to the International Prison
and has flourishing orchards of apples,
1872 went
tional
Con-
and peaches.
He
shares the various public interests of the
gress held in London, and in
1877 attended the InternaIn 1864 he married
town, acting as president of the Farmers' Club of the Co-
Congress held at Geneva, Switzerland, to promote

vice.
lumbia County Agricultural Society, as editor of the agricultural department of the
the abolition of State-regulated
Chatham
Courier, as trustee of
Anna
ton in
Rice, of Worcester, Mass.
the public school, and superintendent of the Friends' Sab-
Their daughter, PJlizabeth M. Powell, was
bom
in Clin-
bath-school.
In the year 1877 he was elected president of
1841
graduated at the State Normal School, at
the Columbia County Teachers' Association.
STOCKPORT.
Stockport, the smallest town
30, 1833.
It received its
in the county,
was erected
manufacturing town, and

wealth.
forming the source of much
from the towns of Stuyvesant, Ghent, and Hudson, April
the native place of

name from Stockport, England, James Wild, at that time a prominent

Its location
is
LAND TITLES AND SETTLEMENTS.

The northern
portion of the town was included in the
in the
western range of
length
is
Powell and Kinderhook patents, and the grants made to
towns, north of the centre.

the
Its greatest
along
Major Abram Staats
in
1667, and
at
subsequent periods.
to the garrison at
Hudson, which forms

little
its
western boundary.
six
Its area
Major Staats was a surgeon attached

Albany, in 1643, and was among the
grants from Holland to America.
comprises a
more than
is
thousand acres of land,

not mountain-
earliest of the
immi-
whose general surface

ous.
elevated, although
There are high
hills
along the Hudson, which slope
The
patents granted to
him
in
1C67 and 1685 have
al-
eastward, forming table-lands of moderate height.
Near
ready been mentioned and described in the general history

of land-grants
in
the centre of the town the general level
is
broken by ridges,
is
the county.
a bowery,
It
is
extending north and south, from which

tractive view of the
fertile
afforded an at-
On
this tract
Major Staats had

locality before
and
also carried
countrj' miles around.
The
soil
is
on the business of a fur-trader. he lived

land (as
in
very probable that
loam along the stream, .somewhat slaty on the up-
this
he applied for a grant of

in
lands in the central part, and clayey in the southern.
he was a licensed and extensive dealer

first
furs
The sunny
hill-sides
on
the
Hudson seem
especially
before 1657), and that he was one of the
settlers in
adapted for fruit culture, and large vineyards abound. Near

the mouth of Stockport creek are several containing more
the county.
stone house, formerly his residence, and
believed to be the oldest on the Hudson, between
New York
mouth
of
than forty acres each, whose yearly product aggregates more
and Albany, stands on a small elevation

originally forty feet long
at the
than one hundred tons of grapes.
the Stockport (formerly Major Abram's) creek, and was
Stockport
is
remarkably well watered.
Kinderhook creek
little
by twenty-five
feet wide.
Its walls
enters the town from the northeast, and flows a
east of
are of massive stone, three feet thick,
and may have been
the centre, where
it
forms a junction with Claverack creek,
designed to afford protection against the warfare of that

day, as well as storage for his goods.
which flows from the southeast.
The united streams form

creek,
its
The
roof
is
gambrel-
Stockport (formerly Major Abram's)
which flows
shaped, and was

later
its
first
covered with
Holland
tile.
At
westward into the Hudson, having

level
in
descent to the
day the house was lengthened by a brick addition on

of like
size
of that stream several
falls
of considerable magnitude.
falls
west end
and shape as the stone
part.
The
other streams have, in the town,

is
whose aggregate
and natural
Among
other evidences of native occupancy, Wiis the nn-
height
more than one hundred and

is
fifty feet;
usually abundant presence, near the house, of Indian imple-
water-power
den's
falls,
afforded at Stott.^ville, Stockport, Chittcn-
ments of
all
kinds.
The
writer has been
informed that
and Columbiaville.
This power has been judi-
more than twenty-five bushels of stone

etc.,
axes, arrowheads,
It is also tra-
ciously
utilized,
giving Stockport great prominence as a
have been picked up
in this locality.
348

on the
to
NEW
YORK.
Wm. F. Wm.
Judson H. Power, George W. Inspector of Suhools, John S.
Butler, Russell
;
ditionally reported that an Indian battle took place
J.
A. Van Valkenburgh,
adjoining
hill, in
which many of the red men were sent
Commissioners of Schools,
Cook, James
the happy hunting-grounds.
Van Alen
The sons of Abram Staats were Jacob, Abram, Samuel, and Jochem. From a map of this section made in 1767, we note the existence of the old Staats house above described,
Gould, Horatio N. Dryer, Joseph

the Poor,
W.
Allen
Overseers of
;
Thomas Whitlock, John A. Staats Constables, Jonathan Warren, John S. Gould, John J. Rossman
Sealer of Weights, Ezekiel Butler.
It
and a house belonging
to Isaac Staats at Chittenidentified
den's Falls.
section
The family continued

years.
with this
was voted that the next meeting be held
at the
house
many
of Arad Clary.
The
principal town officers since
1833
South of Stockport creek, the land formed a part of the lower Rensselaer manor, and was subject to the conditions
of that patent.
have been as follows

Soperriaora.
Town
C.
Clerks.
Colleclon.
Among
the
1834. George Chittenden.
W.
"
the
first
settlers
in
this part
were members of
1835. Garrett Burgert.

1836.
Bentley. "
Jonathan Warren.
Van
Rensselaer family,
Stottsville
ments where
a
now
who made extensive improveis. Vrooman Van Rensselaer,

Peter
1837.
Thomas Sedgewick.
P. Van Valkenburgh.
"
"
member of
is
the
fifth
generation of the family that settled
there,
laer,
yet a resident of the place.
an older
member of
the family, was a
Van man
Rensseof con-
H. N. Dryer. " 1839. George Chittenden. " " " *' 1840. " " *' " 1841. "
183S. Garrett Burgert.
Rufus Clark. William Wight.

Charles
M. Beecher.
Alex. H. Benjamin.
siderable prominence, and did good service in the
American
1842. Garrett Burgert. 1843. 1844.
"
"
Richard Crabb.
Seth Whitney.
cause during the Revolution.

It
is
H. W. Reynolds. " "
And. W. Whitbeck.
Elijah Schofield.
difficult
matter to
it
is
fix
the date of settlement of

that
1845. H. 1S46. 1847.

1848.
W. Reynolds.
James
**
II.
Wild.
other families, but
the most prominent were the Van Valkenburghs, Vosburghs, Van

well
known
among
"
II.
Simon Hallowell.
William Wight.
Ilenry Moore.
John
" " "
A.
Philip.
Alstynes,
Van
Alens,
Van Burens,
"
"
Burgarts, Schermer-
1849.
John H. Wardle.
homs.
Carrs.
Kittles, Harders, Wights, Hoes, Clows,
and Van De
1850.
1851.
" "
Thomas Roach.
John M. Harder. Robert Brown.
Doctor Aspin.
W. Heermanae.
'/
Being a manufacturing town, the population is somewhat fluctuating, and is subject to a large increase or decrease in
a short period.
1852.
1853.
1854. 1855.
1856.
In 1875 there were seven hundred and

;
James Dingman. M. C. Van Alatyne.

H'y
S.
John Hoes. Andrew Moore.

'*
*
Wm.
II.
Young.
ninety-four males and eight hundred and forty-two females
and the number of land-owners was one hundred and

three.
forty-
1857.
Van
de Carr.
1858.
Welcome Utter. Van de Carr. Win. H. Bunt. V. Van Rensselaer. John Crabb. " " Wm. H. Young.
H'y
S.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
Stockport was erected according to an act passed April
20, 1833, which provided that the
first
James E. Kent.
Philip L.
Stephen W. Ham.
James Dingman. 1861. John Smith.

1860. 1862.
1863.
Ham.
Andrew Bunt.
Martin Burch.
town-meeting "
shall
Andrew Moore.
Andrew Moore. James E. Kent.
George Tinker.
be held at the house of Casparus C. Hoes,
May
Wm.
Van
Rensselaer.
R. Bennett.
Wm.
II.
Harder.
7,
1833,
1864. V.
James Whitlock.
Charles Gardner.
Isaac S. Truax.
and that Garrett Burgert, Jeremiah Mandeville, and Ezekiel
1865.
1866.
1867.
Butler, or any two of them,

in
may
to
preside at the
first
meeting keep the

"
said town, with
power
to the
appoint a clerk and
James Dingman. Andrew Moore.
Wm.
R. Bennett.
William Young.
Hiram Decker.
Alvah Simmons.
Jacob Pultz.
Charles Sheldon.
polls in said
town
at
such meeting."
towns of Stuyvesant,
to
1868. 1869.
1870.
The property belonging

and towns."
Ghent, and the city of Hudson, shall continue

to said city
belong
1871.
1872.
Wm.
Andrew Moore. A. W. Ham. Fred. W. Buss. R. L. Ham. John McLean.
Willinm Darders.
H. Harder.
So much of the
biaville,
act entitled " an act concerning

to
1873.
A. Bunt.
Colum-
1874.
1875. 1876. 1877. 1878.
supplementary
an act concerning the Columbia
Manufacturing Society, of Feb. 21, 1812, passed April

13, 1827,
John Van Bur James Dinguia
Wm.
H. Harder.
Philip H. Clum.
and
all
acts
amendatory
thereof, so far as this

re-
Ale\. Patterson.
Peter
Van Bramer.
incorporates the village of Columbiaville, are hereby
pealed."
It

officers
was further provided, that the
within
the
1834. Joseph
limits of the
new town,
W.
Allen.
1841. Cornelius 1842.
Van Kuren.
elected
by the aforementioned
terms expire
;
Horatio N. Dryer.
1835. Lewis Whitlock.
John
.McGiffert.
towns, shall hold their
offices until their
and
1843. Robert Hicks.
that road and bridge funds be equitably divided.
Joseph Marshall.
George Chittenden. 1837. Robert Hicks.
IS.ie.
The
follows
:
officers
elected
at the first
town-meeting were as
;
Henry W. Reynolds. John A. Kittle. Henry W, Reynolds.

1845. Ezekiel Butler.
1846.
Supervisor,
George Chittenden
Town
Clerk,
Adolphus Haywood.
Charles
W.
Bcntley
Justice of the Peace, Jelioiakim A.
Wm.
1838.
(i.
Mandeville.
Van Valkenburgh,
sors,
P. B. Backus, Kzekiel
Butler; Asses-
Isaac MeCagg.
James Van Valkenburgh. Cornelius Van Kuren.

Francis O'Connor.
Lewis
WhitJock,
Jeremiah
Mandovillf,
Abraham
;
Henry
B. Golden.
Burgert, Adolphus
lector,
Cornelius
Hayward, John Van De Carr ColJonathan Warren Commissioners of Highways,

;
Van Kuren
1839. Robert Hicks. 1840. Jacob K. Moore.
1848. Cornelius
Van Kuren. Henry W. Reynolds.

Thomas
B. Sutton. 1861.
NEW
YORK.
349
Cornelius
Van Euren.
1863.
Thomas J. Towne. Ira Buckman.
grist-mills
entire power.
by the Van Rensselaers, who formerly owned the Henry Van Rensselaer had a grist-mill on
.Jonas Dinegar.
1862. Stephen H.
Ham.
Lewis Whitlock. Cornelius Van Kuren. Jonas Dinegar. 1852, Cornelius Welch.
1851. 1853.
1864. Isaac
James Dingman. M. Schermerhom.
the east side of the creek, which was removed to Niverville.
fulling-mill belonging to the

Stott, as well
a.s
same party was purchased

a woolen-factory which be-
1865. Barent
1866.
1367.
Van Buren. Mathew Van Alstyne.

B. C. Vosburgh.
by Jonathan
longed to Josiah Barber.

Stores were kept at an early day by the
John
Cline.
James Dingman.
Van
Rensselaers,
Lewis Whitlock.
Charles M. Bucher.
Ira
1863. B. C. Vosburgh.
186>J.
succeeded by Bartholomew Vosburgh, and the present merchant,
Cornelius
Buckman. Van Kuren.
Stephen H. Ham.-
Vroman Van
Rensselaer,
who
has been in trade the

is
1370.
Wm.
R. Bennett.
past twenty-five years.
The
latter
also
deputy post-
Robert Harder.
1855. James Dingman. 1856. Bartholomew C. Vosburgh.
1357. Robert Chittenden.
1858. Lewis J. Whitlock. 1859.
1371. Isaac
1372.
M. Schermerhom. John Vnn Buren. 1373. James Dingman.

1374. 1875. 1376. 1377. 1878.
master of the Stottsville

C.
office,
established in 1870, with
H. Stott postmaster.
There
at the
Wm.
R. Bennett.
Rensselaer.
son to points northward.
is a daily mail from HudThe Western Union Company
Vroman Van
opened a telegraph-office
Stottsville contains
same
place, in June,
fine
1877.
Thomas J. Towne. James Dingman.

M. Schermerhom.
Burgert.
John Van Buren. James Dingman.
a number of
homes, has a neat
1860. Isaac
Wm.
R. Bennett.
chapel and school-house, and presents a prosperous appear

ance.
Abram
A short distance east of the village are the celebrated

COLUMBIA WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS.
clayey soils of this locality possess various mineral
THE PUBLIC HIGHWAYS

much attention, and are The town has four generally ia excellent condition. At bridges, whose maintenance has been a heavy burden.
of the town have ever received
present the streams are spanned by first-class iron structures
;
The
constituents,
whose decomposition produces hepatic waters,

hill-
manifesting their presence in springs issuing from the

sides
and perforations in the rocks along the
gullies.
The
the one at Columbiaville, erected in 1870, having a single
principal characteristic of the waters are sulphuretted hy-
span two hundred and forty-five feet long, and the bridge at
Chittenden's Falls has a span one hundred and seventy feet
long.
Several of the drogen gas and sulphuret of magnesia. most remarkable in this vicinity have received the above
Probably no town in the State
is
better provided
railroad
name from
their sulphurous
in a vale,
nature.
They
are
three in
with bridges than Stockport.
The Hudson River

river, affording
number, situated
distance apart.
and nearly
in a line,
but a short
only two
runs through the town, along the

facilities at
shipping
Yet the water of each
is different,
Stockport station.
of them possessing positive medicinal qualities, the other
having as cool and sweet water as
is
to
be found.
The
STOTTSVILLE
is
uppermost spring
is
reputed to possess the strongest water.

springs was noted
as
a flourishing manufacturing village of half a thousand

the southeastern
part of the town, about
The
presence of these
early as
inhabitants in
four miles from the city of Hudson.
Claverack creek here

falls,
1830, and some wonderful cures were reported as the result of using their waters. But it was not until 1855 that they
makes
a descent of fifty-three feet in three successive

is
affording excellent water-power, which
all
used
in oper-
engaged public attention with any prominence, or that their That year the late real efficacy was fully recognized.
Charles B. Nash, father of the
present proprietor, pur-
ating Stotls'
Woolen Milk.
These extensive mills are the

Jonathan
Stott, an in-
result of the enterprising spirit of

telligent
chased them and opened a house for the accommodation of

invalids.
weaver of satinets
in
Hudson, who located here

flannels in a small
Many who had

for
failed to find relief

;
from medical
in 1828,
and began the manufacture of
aid were cured by the waters
and they especially obtained

properties
for
factory,
which employed only two
sets
of thirty-six-inch
character
their
curative
cutaneous
debility.
cards and twelve looms.
His mills soon became the conwhich caused

his
diseases,
dyspepsia,
is
rheumatism,
and
general
trolling industry of the place,
name
to
be
Their nature
clearly
shown from the following

:
analysis
bestowed upon
title.
it,
in preference to Springville, its former
of one gallon of water

Chloride of sodium " potassium
**
Jonathan Stott died in >Jay, 1863, but the business
Grains.
84.710
1.103
has since been successfully carried on by his sons and grandsons,
and
at
present embraces the following mills: No. 1,
magnesium
Carbonate of lime
Sesquichloride of iron Sulphate of lime Phosphate of soda Hyposulphite of soda Loss.
which was
built the
built in 1846, destroyed by fire in 1861, year, contains eleven sets of cards
;
and
No.
re2,
same
built in 1865, on the site of

tains thirteen sets of cards
;
Jonathan
No.
3,
Stott's old mill, conin
31.430 21.704 3.418 64.041 2.140 3.149
814
218.598 4.401 cubic inches.
which was erected
1859, and
is
used
for finishing
goods made
in other mills;
Hydrosulphurio acid
and No.
4, erected in
1876, with a capacity for twenty

sets.
sets
of cards, operating at present twelve
From
twelve
The waters
and agreeable
are used internally, and are found pleasant

to
thousand to fourteen
thou.saiid
yards of excellent flannels

daily,
the taste.
Moans
are also provided for
aud other goods are manufactured
giving employ-
ment
five
to several
hundred operatives, and requiring about

were saw and
using the waters for bathing purposes, there being comfortConnected with these able baths at the upper spring.
health-giving fountains are very handsome grounds, where
are combined the best eSects of hill and dale, adorned
thousand pounds of wool and cotton.

intercsta at this point
Other manufacturing
by
350

oaks and hickory-trees of nature's own planting.
acres, partly situated in
NEW
YORK.
stately
of the subsequent growth of the manufacturing interests

of the town, we propose to speak only of one branch of
industry which has been established within a comparatively
recent
period,
They contain about twenty

town of Ghent.
tions
is
the
On
one of the most commanding eleva"
the spacious
Columbia Springs House," one

and three
stories high,
the
Reynolds Empire Loom-Works,

briefly condense as follows
hundred and
thirty feet long
with
history of
which we
cottages and other conveniences of a well-arranged

resort adjoining.
summer
unfolded
hill
lies
In the year 1852, Mr. Rensselaer Reynolds formed a
From
the piazza of the hotel
is
a variety of charming views.
At
the base of the
New York, and purchased the old " Marshall Print- Works," in Stockport,
co-partnership with a Mr. Benjamin, of
busy
little Stottsville
beyond highly-cultivated
fields
can
still
then occupied by Roome's tobacco-factory.
The
firm im-
be descried the winding course of the Hudson, and

farther westward the magnificent Catskills loom
their grandeur,
mediately engaged in the manufacture of a new loom just
up
in all
invented by Mr. Reynolds, now and for
many
years past
till
now bathed
in
light,
now
veiled in misty
known
fire,
as the
splendor.
It is a scene that
fills
the mind of the beholder
Dec. 10,
Empire loom, and proceeded prosperously 1858, when they were overtaken by disaster.
with a sense of pleasurable contentment, and which yearly

attracts
originating in spontaneous combustion, broke out in
hundreds of
visitors,
who
are benefited
by these
the night and destroyed the best part of their works, caus-
scenes as well as by the truly meritorious waters of the

springs.
ing a loss of between $30,000 and $40,000 over the insurance.
This was a heavy blow, and involved a vast amount
About a mile west from
Stottsville,
on the old turnpike,
is
of labor and expense in restoring the requisite machinery
and
patterns.
But
in the spring of
in
1859 the works were

July,
WHITLOCK'S CORNERS,
a small hamlet containing half a dozen houses, several shops, a store,
rebuilt,
and resumed opemtion

have been
with increased
Since that
facilities for
the manufacture of the

in
new loom.
and the home of Dr. Isaac M. Schermerhorn, the
time,
we
believe, they
uninterrupted operation.
practicing physician of this part of the town.

cessor
His prede-
The
partnership with Mr. Benjamin was, however, dissolved,

his sons conducted the business
till
was the
late
Dr.
Henry Heermance.
and Mr. Reynolds and
Two
miles north from this place, and about five and a
the death of the former, on the 8th of January, 1872,

since which the sons have conducted the business on the excellent plan adopted
half miles from Hudson, at the junction of Claverack and
Kinderhook
creeks,
is
the village of
by their
as
father.
is
The Empire loom,
now manufactured,
one of the
STOCKPORT.
The
place
is
most perfect machines that has ever been constructed.
handsomely located on both banks of the

stores,
fifty
With
an unrivaled mechanical genius and the experience
above streams, has two churches, several mills,

factorie.s,
and
of about thirty years, Mr. Reynolds gradually improved
and contains about four hundred and
inhab-
and perfected
his invention, until
it
is
now
the subject of
itants,
who
are engaged priucipally in manufacturing.
some eight or ten

in
patents,
and stands absolutely unrivaled

In
In
1828, Joseph and Benjamin Marshall purchased a

all
simplicity,
durability,
and rapidity of operation.
large tract of land in this locality, including
the water-
order to understand the great improvements
made
it
in this
power on Claverack
they printed the
creek.
On
the upper
falls,
which had
family,
important implement of domestic manufacture,
should
been improved for a woolen-factory by the

fii-st
Macy
be stated that previous

their motion
to
1852
all
looms were limited in

to
cotton-cloth in the county.

title
com-
by
difficulties
which were supposed

first
be
in-
pany was soon
after
formed with
of the "
Hudson Print
surmountable, and when Mr. Reynolds

his
announced that
fifty
Works"
ness.
(the establishment at that time being within the
loom would work successfully
at
one hundred and
corporate limits of that city), which did an extensive busiIts
"picks" (or movements of the shuttle) per minute, his

claim was ridiculed as utterly impracticable.
ofiice
growing proportions required the use of many
The
patentin-
buildings and gave employment to hundreds of men,
makfinan-
incumbents scoffed at the

file
idea,
and compelled the
ing the place one of the busiest in the county.

cial
The
ventor to
nately,
aflBdavits
before granting his claim.

to
Fortufor itself,
depression in 1837 compelled a cessation of work, which
by that time the loom was able

affidavits
speak
caused the removal of
many of
the inhabitants.
to
Subse-
and among the

Wild,
produced was one from Mr. Nathan

he had seen
it
quently the buildings were converted
other uses, the
who
certified that
work successfully
at
upper works being used as a tobacco-factory by Kdward Iloome, and a part of the lower for the manufacture of
snuff.
two hundred and
forty picks per minute.
Thus the power of
the loom wa.s nearly or quite doubled
For several years

also
this
formed an extensive business,
by the inventive energy of Mr. Reynolds.

ments, which have made
increased speed, are too
it
The improveloom at such

in detail
but was
suspended
in
1850.
possible to run this

to
REYNOLDS' EMPIRE LOOM-WORKS.

These loom- works, of which a view
site page, are situated in
is
numerous
be described
within the limits of this brief
article.
Some
of the most
:
given on the oppo-
important of them, however,

1st.
mny be mentioned
the town of Stockport, Columbia
peculiar device for arresting the shuttle instantly,
Co., a
town noted
for its early
manufactures and
little
its
splendid
at any rate of speed, without throwing off or breaking the
water-power.
biaville
As
early as
1819 the
village of
Columbesides
cap or bobbin, and releasing
it
at the
moment
of picking or
had a cotton-factory of
carding-niills,
fifteen
hundred
spindles,
throwing, so as to avoid friction.

2d.
two paper-mills, four

grist,
two
fullint:-niills,
new
filling stop-fork, or
attachment
for
instantly
saw, and plaster-mills.
Without going
into a history
disengaging the motive-power, and stopping the loom in
Photo, by J. B. Allis, Chatham, N. Y.
Following the cut and description of Mr. Reynolds' Empire Loom Works, which appear on the preceding pages, it is fitting and proper that we should give a portrait and biography of the inventor and founder. Rensselaer Reynolds was bom in Valatie, Columbia county, New York, on the 26th of August, 1S07, his parents, Nathaniel and Sarah (Gillette) Reynolds, having settled there before the year ISOO. He
served an apprenticeship with the late Nathan Wild, of that village,
vented the
it
first
gear-cutting machine in the United States, and
made
in
a practical success.
He
invented the
first
machine
for insulating
telegraph wires for submarine purposes, and the

the United States for
tion
first
machine
making round matches. But his great invenwas the perfection of the Empire Loom, which he began to manufacture at Stockport, in company with Mr. Benjamin, of New York, in 1S52, with which his name and interest were ever after
associated
to the
till the time of his death, and by which he world through many generations yet to come.
will be
known
which,
and on February
selaer county,
14, 1830,
married Elsie Burns, of Schodack, Rens-
Mr. Reynolds
She was bom June 16, 1814. The mechanical genius of Mr. Reynolds was of a very positive and high order. As early as 1330 he commenced hiring tools of his employer and set up in the machine business for himself. Five years later he became associated with his brother Benjamin (deceased), who was also of an inventive turn of mind, and in 1837 the new firm first came into somewhat prominent notice by the exhibition of a revolving
New
York.
early saw
it
and appreciated the defects
in the
common looms
was supposed, rendered it impossible to increase their rate of speed beyond certain limits, and he set his practical genius at work to overcome the difficulties hitherto considered insurmountable by the
most
skillful machinists.
He
succeeded,
first
in the invention,
and
then in gradually maturing and perfecting

lutely unrivaled for simplicity, durability,
it,
until
it
stands abso-
battery for projecting balls by centrifugal force.

ious
This really ingen-
and
effective device actually
discharged six thousand two-ounce

at the crank,
balls per minute, with four
men
and before a military
commission plank
tion,
in
at a distance of over one
Washington sent them entirely "through a two-inch hundred and twelve yards. Many of
in
the leading artilleristn uf that day were highly pleased with the inven-
and Major Worth, then
active
service,
complimented the
brothers Reynolds on the success they had achieved.

impracticable, as
But although
the invention was one of great merit, that method of warfare proved
it
has in
all
the subsequent numerous experiments
and rapidity of operation. It is safe to say that through the genius and enterprise of Mr. Reynolds the speed of the ordinary power-loom has been at least doubled, and, what is most interesting, this grand result has been attained without any troublesome complication of machinery. Mr. Reynolds built up a large and prosperous business at Stockport during the thirty odd years in which he was engaged in manufacturing the splendid product of his own fertile brain and enterprise. He was a man of rare mechanical and scientific attainments, of great liberality and public spirit, particularly in the cause of education, of strictest integrity, and of an unblemished reputation
in all the
of the kind, and the sanguine hopes of the inventors were
doomed
:
to
walks of
life.
His sudden death, on the Sth of January,

the
The pecuniary loss to them was very heavy, and might have disheartened less resolute and determined men but rallying at once, they resumed the general machine business, and were soon actively engaged in the manufacture of the looms then in use. to which they added many valuable improvements. Mr. Reynolds from an early period in his life w;ts constantly studydisappointment.
ing the scientific principles of mechanism and applying them to the invention of machines uf various kinds, lie and Nathan Wild in-
1S72, gave a shock

friend.
for
to
community
as
the loss of a personal
But a few days before he had been busy with preparations

Year's reception to be given by one of his daughters,
event
an which he anticipated with much pleasure, but which was deferred on account uf his illness. He died peacefully, as if passing
His surviving family consists of six children, his four sons being successors in business at Stockport, New York.
New
into sleep.
hi.s

case a single thread of filliag breaks.
cate
is
NEW
YORK.
351
So accurate and
deliit
nolds, R.
Burns Reynolds, Frank A. Reynolds, and Joshua
the construction of this portion of the loom, that

fails to
Reynolds.
never
perform
its
appointed task
and when we conit
THE EUEEKA PAPER-MILL

was established
pies the site
in
sider the prodigous speed at
which the machines are run,

to act with
1862, by H. S.
Van De
Carr,
and occu-
appears truly wonderful that the simple parting of a

cotton thread can be
frail
of a former bleaching-factory, operated by
made
aid,
such precision and
Thomas
Pilling.
The
mill
was destroyed by a freshet in

is
force as to caase an instantaneous stoppage without the in-
1869, but was rebuilt the same year, and
at present a
tervention of
3d.
human
substantial brick structure, fifty by seventy-five feet, with
The
is
centrifugal friction pulley,
which
is
an indispen-
the usual adjunct buildings.

across Claverack
Power
is
furnished by a
dam
sable part of the loom.
Mechanics
will
understand readily
it
creek, eighteen
feet high.
The
mill is
what
meant, but for the general reader

is
may
be neces-
supplied with two large machines and three five-hundred-
sary to say that this pulley
the point of contact between

is
pound
day.
engines, giving
employment
to thirty
men, and pro-
the motive-power and the machine driven, and such
tiie
ducing eight hundred reams of light wrapping-paper per
nature of the construction that one
may
be instantly di.scon-
nected from the other by a slight movement, without shift-
On
is
Van De
Carr's
ing the
4th.
bolt.
mattress-factory,
which
has
been
in
operation
the past
patent double-acting brake, by which the autois
eighteen years.
All kinds of mattresses are manufactured,

is
matic action of the stop-fork
aided and completed (in-
but a specialty
made of husk
mattresses,
consuming
Eight men
vented by Byron Reynolds, one of the present proprietors).
about three hundred tons of husks annually.

are employed.
This
is
a perfect security against injury to the gear by sudden
stoppage.
A
are divided into ten distinct departments
:
number of
grist-mills
have been operated
at Stockport.
The works
a foundry
;
Ist,
One
of the most noted was Joab Center's mill, on the site
2d, a forging, bolt-cutting, and tapping depart;
at present occupied
by Ros.sman's.
The former
mill
was
in
ment; 3d, a trimming-room 4th, grinding and polishing; 5th, boring, turning, and finishing; 6th, painting; 7th,
setting
supplied with wheat brought from western

canal-boats,
New York
to the falls
and
floated
up Stockport creek
it
at
up the looms,
fifty
or so at a time
8th, a depart-
Columbiaville, from wiicre present mill

is
was taken by teams.
The
There
ment
for
sawing out the wood for frames; 9th, framing;

for all the various parts required
one of the most complete in the county,
and 10th, wood-turning

to be fitted in a lathe.
its
being supplied throughout with modern machinery.

is also
Each one of these departments has
a grist-mill in a part of the old print-works, the
foreman, and
all
are under the immediate superintend-
ence of Mr. Byron Reynolds,

in the State.
whoisoneof the
best mechanics
motor being a small stream from the eastern part of the town and Ghent, which here empties into the Claverack.
In the same building are manufactured " Philips' spiral
corn-huskers," by a company which was organized for this
A
self,
large part of the
machinery employed
in constructing
the looms baa been devised and
made by Mr. Reynolds himthis

is
purpose Jan. 23, 1871, with a lease of

capital of
fifty years,
and a
and many of the processes invented by him for
$100,000
in shares of
SlOO each
The
trustees
Crap.ser,
purpose are entirely original.

especially adapted to the
All the machinery used

to be done,
elected were Allen
Rossman, Peter Philip, David
work
and the perfect

is
Peter S. Pulver, Tobias New, Leonard Miller, and Rensselaer Reynolds.

favor,
order and system
in all
the minutest details
one of the most
The husker
has met with considerable

will
striking features of the establishment.

is
The Empire loom

are produced, that
and with further improvements
be recognized aa
composed of some
is
five
hundred
distinct parts or pieces,

all
one of the labor-saving machines of the age.
yet such
the accuracy with which

fit
public-house was early kept on the site of the present
each one will
in
is
any machine.
Like the American
Brookside Hotel, by C. C. Hoes, and this place has been
watch, every piece
duplicated to any extent.
made by a uniform gauge, and can be With the ordinary complement

fifty
used for tavern purposes ever since.
The
"
Hudson Print Works" had one of
the
first stores,
of one hundred hands, one hundred and
looms can be
the building being afterwards occupied for trading purposes by Philip

others.
completed in a month.
Van Valkenburgh, Edward Roome, and

is
large part of the orders received for these looms are

;
Jacob Kittle
is
at present the principal merchant.
from foreign countries
they are sent to England, Austria,
In this building
Carr postmaster.
the Stockport post-office, H. S.
Van De
Mexico, Peru, and Japan, besides the supply of the home

trade.
The
office
is
on the Kiuderhook route,

established at Columbia-
and has a daily

printing establishment
is
mail.
It
was
first
connected with the works,

all
ville,
where Charles
office.
W.
Beutly, Joseph Wild, and others
which runs a Gordon power-press, doing

circulars, etc., for the proprietors,
the printing of
for the
held the
and such job-work
Among
One
the physicians
who
resided
at this point were

\V.
neighborhood aa
Altogether, this
talents
b
is
applied for, or as
may be
desirable to do.
Drs. Robert Hicks,
John H.
Philip,
is
and George
Cook.
one of the
in a
finest
embodiments of home
to
mile north from Stockport
the romantic hamlet of
and ingenuity
manufacturing enterprise
be
found anywhere
its
in the State,
and
reflects great credit
upon
CHITTENDEN'S FALLS.
originators
and managei-s.
is
An
excellent
water-power of thirty-feet head

creek,
is
here
now conducted under the firm-name of R. Reynolds' Sous, the proprietors being G. Byron Reybusiness
The
afforded by
Kiuderhook
which was
first
improved by
George Chittenden, formerly one of the proprietors of the
; :
NEW
YORK.
352

of Hudson.
Balance,
Mr.
Chittenden
was a
practical in the
produce thirty thousand yards of plain cotton cloth per

week.
paper-maker,, and was interested
in the first mill
county, at Stuyvesant Falls, in 1801.
In 1809 he put up
falls,
the second mill in the county, on the west side of the
The operatives employed number eighty. The manufacture of cotton-weaving machinery was here carried on by James Wild, and much of the first machinery
in the State
which took
his name.
Here he manufactured
printing,
bank-note, and wrapping-paper, using machinery which was
were
also
was constructed by him. Surgical instruments manufactured by William R. Golden, giving emto
devised by him, and which, though crude, compared with
ployment
many men.
village are Smith's super-phosphate factory
the present machinery, yet produced paper of superior

quality.
North of the
The
mill has been several times enlarged,
and
is
at present supplied with
an eighty-four-inch machine and
and fruit-preserving works, which have become quite important industries. An establishment for the manufacture
of pressed brick was put up near Columbiaville, but did not
seven engines.
years.
It
has not been operated the past few
prove successful, and the works are now

is
idle.
On
J.
W.
Rossman's
James Wild was one of

keeping a store
in
the
first
merchants of the place,
paper-mill, in a substantial brick structure, forty-six
by one
a yellow house near the forks of the C.
hundred and
1846.
fifty-seven feet.
It has been operated in its
roads, which was largely patronized.
W.
Bentley,
James
public-
present condition since 1862,
and as
paper-mill since
Van
Alen, and others have since been in trade.
The
Before that time the
site
and white-lead works.

a sixty-eight-inch
gines,
The
mill has a sixty-two-inch
was occupied by bleaching and

en-
house on the main road north has been kept by McNulty,

Clary, and Hoes.
machine, with four thirty-six-inch
lodge of
Odd
Fellows
Good
Intent,
No. 6
was
in-
and
is
capable of producing fourteen hundred reams
stiluted
Nov. 28, 1828.
of light wrapping-paper per day.

employed.
Twenty-five hands are
Wardley's tavern.
to
The first meetings were held in About 1855 the lodge was transferred
is
Mr. Rossman
also controls an excellent water-
Stuyvesant Falls.
Stockport Station
a simple station on the
is
power on Kinderhook creek, below this point. Cut nails were also manufactured by George Chittenden, and an excellent
grist-mill
Hudson
River
railroad,
and Judson's Landing

;
a place on the
was formerly at which
this
is at
place.
river where boats sometimes touch

at either place.
there being no villages
Here
is
also a Uoiversalist meeting-house,
pres-
ent unused.
COLUMBIAVILLE
is
THE HUDSON KIVER SEMINARY.

The movement to establish a manual labor school on the banks of the Hudson began about 1865, and was headed by David Smith. With this purpose in view, he purchased
a large tract of land at the mouth of Stockport creek, four
acres of which, on an elevation
a manufacturing place, on Stockport creek, about one

east
mile
from
Stockport
at
Station.
Saw and
grist-mills
were operated here

others.
an early day by Marks Barker and

the Hudson, and
The
creek was navigable for sloops to this point,

to
and as the location was convenient
commanding a
fine
view of
central for the surrounding country, considerable business
the
Hudson, were
set
aside for building purposes, and a
was done.
ciety"
In 1809 " The Columbia Manufacturing Soat
portion of the adjacent grounds was devoted to gardening.
was formed
Hudson, with the following

;
officers
In 1836 a large five-story brick structure, containing
Thomas Lawrence Secretary, John F. Jenkins The above mill-seat was purTreasurer, Seth Jenkins. chased the following year, and a contract made with Jumes
President,
ninety-six rooms, was erected by a joint stock company, in
which the same year was opened a seminary under the

superintendence of Prof. E. D. Maltby, assisted by George
Wild, an English machinist, for the erection of a building
Schenck and
in
others.
Nearly two hundred students were
and supplying
cotton goods.
it
with machinery for the manufacture of
attendance, and the school would no doubt have flourits
In 1812 the building on the north side of
ished if
financial basis
had been sound.
On
the 6th of
the creek was erected, and two years later most of the
workingmen's houses.
The
project was successful,
large
May, 1837, it was incorporated by the Legislature, but soon after was closed for want of funds. A select boardingschool was subsequently conducted in the building by the
quantities of goods being manufactured, which were sold

in
New York
by Lawrence
property
& Van
showed
Buren.
assets
In 1815 an
Rev. Alden Scovel, which, after a few years, was also discontinued.
inventory of the
amounting
to
The house became

five
the property of Joseph
885,520.
For a long term of years John G. Coster was

.society,
Wild
in
1847, and
is
years later was demolished.

vineyard.
The
president of the
which exercised
all
the privileges
ground
now covered by a
of a corporate body, including the functions and powers

usually bestowed upon incorporated villages.
Columbiaville
THE STOCKPORT METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

In August, 1828, Benjamin Marshall conveyed to John
was vested with these powers
until after the erection of
Stockport, but the original society disbanded about 1824.
Broadhead, Thomas Harleigh, and Andrew Gregg, trustees

of the Methodist Episcopal church, at the "
That year the factory on the south side of the creek was
erected,
Hudson
Print-
and was operated by James Wild, while the JenSubsequently both

by the Wild family, who owned them
Works," a building
lot
on which was erected the following
kins brothers cirried on the old mill.

mills were operated
until
year a plain meeting-house, costing $1200.
At
this period
the church was connected with other Methodist appoint-
1877, when J. A. Hover

mills are
became the
proprietor.
.six
ments, and was served by the Revs. Cyrus Foss and Cook, with John Bellamy and John Broadhead as
local preachers.
The two
supplementary to each other, have
thousand spindles, one hundred and forty-eight looms, aud
Years
after,
the meeting-house was enlarged and repaired,

and used
as a place of worship, until
NEW YORK.
work
a
353
1866, when a dispute
Print- Works," which had ceased to

fore.
few years be-
arose concerning the ownership of the lot on
which the
The aggregate membership of
the church was one
house stood, which caused
its
removal
to its
present location.
The house has been further enlarged and improved, and is now generally known as the " Centenary Church." The changes in the building were made by Cornelius Welch, builder, and the trustees being John Van Buren, Peter I. Stupplebeem, William Harder, Adolphus Prinder, James
E. Kent, and Richard Hiscox.
of those
hundred and eighty-three, and the elders were composed first named, Wm. Welch, Wm. F. Butler, and
Wm.
McCune. The meeting-house stood unoccupied a few years, but in 1873 was removed to its present site, and fitted up for the
use of the public schools of the village of Stockport.
very comfortable parsonage was afterwards erected on
THE CHURCH OF
IN
a lot donated for this purpose by
H.
S. to
Van De
Carr.
The
JOHN THE EVANGELIST (EPISCOPAL), THE TOWN OF STOCKPORT,

ST.
church and parsonage are estimated
be worth $7000.
In 1877 the church enjoyed a notable revival, which resulted in forty-three additions to the
was organized with twenty members, by the Rev. Henry Townsend, and on the 20th of September, 1845, was duly
incorporated with Wardens, Joseph Marshall and Jonathan
Stott
;
membership, making
number one hundred and sixty, who are under The other the pastoral care of the Rev. James Birch.
the present
pastors,
Little,
Vestrymen, Thomas Marshall, John Stewart,
Wm.
Lewis
Kelly,
George
Chittenden,
William
Pilkington,
in
the order of succession, were

J.
Revs.
Russell
Humphrey Humphries,
K.
Carley,
Wm.
Whitlock, Covington Guion, and William Wright.

In 1847 a very fine church edifice was erected, at a cost of 812,000, in a beautiful grove
in
Thacher,
C. Fuller,
Hatfield, S. L. Stillman, J. B.
Wakcly,
Wm.
the village of Stockport,
Gothard, Hiram Lamont, Asa Bushnell, Loyal B. Andrus,
John Campbell, Goodrich Horton, Wm. G. Browning, Richard Hiscos, William Brush, Aaron Hunt, Jr., James
G.
Bates,
and was dedicated July
3,
by Bishop Heathcote
De Lancey.
rectory was purchased in

is
1847, costing S2000, which

a convenient and comfortable
little
has been enlarged, and
now
James N.
Shaffer,
Charles
W. Lyon, W.
S.
home.
edifice,
St.
Barnabas' chapel, at Stottsville, a very neat
Bouton,
Slater,
W. E. Clark, W. Stevens, W. C. Fowler, Aaron Hunt,
C. B. Langdon, J. G.
S. P. Galloway,
erected in
1865, at a cost of $7000,
is
also
the
and J.
property of the parish.
At
the rectory
is
maintained a
Ackerman.
library of valuable theological books, founded
by the present
is
good Sunday-school has been maintained by

is
the
rector,
Rev. George Fisher, in 1871.

fifteen
parish school
church for the past thirty years, which
at present super-
also
conducted there, having
pupils,
and employing
intended by F. Truax, and has thirty-five members.
two teachers.
THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF STOCKPORT.

This body was
Presbyterian
trustees
first
The communicants of
the parish at present
number one
in a flourish-
hundred and seventy-nine; an increase of one hundred and

legally organized as
tlie
" Second
one since 1871, and the work of the church

ing condition.
is
Church of Hudson," Feb. 7, 1831, with George Coventry, Abel P. Williams, Seth Tobey,
Andrew N.
Stickles, Ezekiel Butler, George EUas Hotchkiss, Sebastian Duncan, and Wm.
W.
S.
The
rectors of the parish

:
and
their terms of service
have
Cook,
been as follows
Rev. Henry Townsend, elected September,

;
Shaw.
1845, resigned June, 1848
Rev. George L. Neide, elected

;
The meetings were

but which
is
at that
time held
in a
school-house in
city of
August, 1848, resigned March, 1851
Rev. William O.
what was then the northern part of the

and there were but nine members.
Hudson,
Lamson, elected May, 1851, resigned April, 1852; Rev.
now near the centre of the town of Stockport,
Samuel HoUingsworth,
resigned
April,
elected
May, 1852, resigned De0. Jarvis, elected
The
ruling elders
cember, 1859; Rev. James R. Coe, elected January, 1860,
were Mclntire and Duncan, and the deacon was a Mr.
1865
Rev. William
;
Duncan.
In 1832 a very attractive meeting-house wa^
April, 1865, resigned January, 1871

elected March, 1871.
Rev. George Fisher,
erected on a most beautiiiil spot near where the building
All of these are yet living, except
now
stands, having a spacious gallery, tower,

installed the firet pastor,
and and
bell.
Rev.
Rev. James R. Coe.
Alden Scovel was
for a
ber of years the church was very prosperous.
numOwing to
Two
Sunday-schools are conducted by the rector in the
church, and the chapel at Stottsville, having an aggregate
the change in the civil condition of the town, the society
membership of three hundred
scholars.
was reorganized Feb. 21, 1844, when the name was changed
to that
At
Chittenden's Falls
is
a Universalist meeting-house,
faith
which heads
this section.
The
tru.'^tees
selected at
which was formerly used by members of that

others, but
and
that time were Joseph Wild, Robert Hicks, George
Duck-
worth, Ezekiel Butler,
John
Russell,
Wm.
which has not been used
for religious
meetings
F. Butler, CasVV. Pilking-
for the past few years,
and
is
now devoted
to other uses.
parus C. Hoes, Philip

ton.
Van Valkenburgh, and
The
pastoral
relation of the
Rev. Scovel had been
terminated the year before, and he was succeeded by the
THE MILITARY RECORD

of Stockport
is,
Rev. Brunson.
the Rev. Buck,
larly
;
After this followed a short pastorate by
owing to its recent formation as a town,
limited.
who was
after,
the last to serve the church regu-
In the war for the Union, 1861-65, aid was early extended
the government by
filling
and soon
services were held
only
at
occa-
the quota, bounties to volunteers
sional intervals,
and
finally altogether discontinued.
This
being offered
3,
to this end.
course was necessitated by the removal of the members,
1862, 8150 per
At a special meeting, held Sept. man was voted, to be secured by a loan

Stott, G.
most of
whom had
been connected wiih the " Hudson
on the credit of the town by Charles H.
Lathrop,
45
'
354

special
NEW
YORK.
Andrew Moore, and Alfred Ostrora. S4150 under this provision. On the 24th day of August, 1864, a $200 bounty was voted at a special meeting, and Vroman Van Rensselaer, Andrew Moore, Charles H. Stott, and Henry S. Van
Reosselaer Reynolds,
The
first-named gentleman disbursed
Van Van Buren, A. Ostrom, and C. H. Stott as a war committee to use their own judgment in the choice of
De
Carr, B.
meeting authorized V. Van Rensselaer, H. S.
means
to
promptly
fill
the quota by procuring substitutes or
volunteers.
In another part of this volume will be found
De
secure the necessary
Carr were authorized to issue the scrip of the town to men and again, Jan. 20, 1865, a
;
the names of those credited to the town by the adjutant-
general of the State.
v| ^^\0
s~
>">^'
^^^\^< \
'
JON-ATHAN STOTT.
S
This town was
erected
U Y V E S A N T.
Van Buren and
north
from Kinderhook, April 21,
Peter Vosburgh lived on the river-bank
1823, with a territory extending along the Hudson from

iTensselaer county southward to
from
the landing,
which was then

fact that
called
Swatn
settled
Major Abram's creek.
The
Hook, probably from

there.
the
the
Swedes
Alen
lower part of the town was annexed to Stockport, April

30, 1833.
The upper landing was
called
Kinderhook.
;
North
The name was bestowed
in
honor of Governor
of this was the old house of

farther north
Adam Van
and
still
Petr Stuyvesant.
the homes of Jacobus, Barent, and
John
The town
includes the islands east of the middle of the

at present
Hudson, and has

mainly
level,
an area of fourteen thousand
three hundred and ninety-six acres of land, whose surface

is
The house of the latter and the house of Poel. Lendert Conyn stood opposite Bear Island, which at that time is said to have been covered with fine timber, and
Van Der
except along the
river,
where are low

to
hills
afforded excellent fishing and hunting.
The Van Alstynes

falls
and deep ravines, cutting through the elevation

water's edge.
the
and the Van Hoesens lived near the great

sant), on
(Stuyvetheir pos-
the very same land
now occupied by
Along Kinderhook
ledges.
creek,
which
is
cro.sses
sliglitly
the southeastern
terity.
corner of the town, the surface
broken by slaty
The
creek has precipitous banks, which, together

falls at this
At a later period these settlers were joined by named Van Ness, Van Dyck, Van Slyck, Schermerhorn, who had settled very early in Schodack, Bayly,
families
with the natural
point, form mill-sites that are
and Sickles.
lies,
Their descendants and those of other famiin
not surpassed in the county.
named
Kinderhook,
in
most instances, yet
live in
little
north of the centre of the town are several
town, and date the settlement of their ancestors prior to

the American Revolution.
small streams, which unite and then flow westward into In early times this was known as the " Saw the Hudson.
Kill."
The population
in
1875 was
two thousand three hundred and ninety-one, an increase of

one hundred and fifty-seven since 1865.
In addition
ally
to these
Flowing southwest, and entering the Hudson near

is
the south line of the town,
another small stream, whose
homes of
early settlers,
it
is
gener-
banks are low and bordered by marshy ground.

eral surface
is
The gensoil,
believed that there were .saw and grist-mills on the

falls,
elevated,
and
is
composed of a clayey
it is
great
although not
indicated on
the
map
of that
except along the east
line,
where
a light loam or a
period.
Dr. Rockwell states that two Labadist brethren,
sandy loam.
In
this part
of the town the original forests
were pine, and the land was not so highly esteemed by the
early settlers as the clayey portions.
Jasper Bankers and Peter Sluyter, visited this locality in 1680, which they thus described in their journal:
"We
came
to
anchor at Kinderhook (Stuyvesant), where a cer-
The
patents covering this town and the original owner-
ship of the land are elsewhere noted, and partook of the
general conditions of those of Kinderhook.
had some grain to be carried down the While waiting the process of loading, the journal We continues, " We stepped ashore to amuse oui-selves.
tain female trader
river."
came
call
'
to a creek near
t'
which
lives a
('
man whom
they usually
(?)'
is
THE FIRST SETTLERS

were Swedes and Hollanders, who came soon after 1650,
Kinder van Walde'
the Child of
Luxury
which
He
had a saw-mill on the creek, or a

"ular one.
it
water-fall,
a sin-
The water
in
falls
quite steep in one body, but

a broad rest between them.
and bore the names of

Alen,
Van Der
Poel,
Van Van Valkenburgh, Vosburgh, Van

Sclierbs,
Schorp, Poiterscn,
comes down
steps, with
feet or
These steps are sixty

out of a single rock."
more high, and are formed

familiar with
Alstyne, and Schermerhorn.
One
the scenery of
among other improvements in the town, were houses owned by the following, mo.st of whom have yet
In 1763,
Stuyvesant
falls
will
not hesitate to locate this fortunate
settler at that point,

mill, since
it
but who he was or what became of his
descendants living in Stuyvesant, and constitute now, as

then,
its- principal
;
is
not mentioned in subsequent writings, will
citizens:
Jacob Vosburgh, near the

station,
perhaps never be revealed.

another mill
Peiters
in this
The
is
location
and ownei-ship of
Frans
stream, two
It
landing
Andreis Witbeck, near Cox.sackie
which
town
more
positively fixed.
little
at that time
was called Nutten Hook
between this point
Clavers
had a saw-mill on the

the
and the
landing northward, in
the order named, lived
miles north from the landing, as early as 1665.

a conspicuous
formed
Jacob Van Valkenburgh, Gerrit Van Hoesen, Abraham

Wingaart, and Gysbert Claw
landing, were the
are called, in the
latter
;
landmark
in
first
patents granted to
first
De
im-
on the
hill,
east from the
Bruyn and
county.
othei-s,
and was unquestionably the

nature in
also this locality,
if
homes of the Scherbs and Sharps, who document before us, the Swedes. The
provement of
this
not in the
obscure,
There are
intimations, although
became very numerous, and the locality where they resided was known as Sharptown until recently. Peter
that other mills were located on the

called,
Saw
Kill, as
it
was then
and
it
is
supposed that the brook in the southern
355
356

do service
as a mill1874
1875
NEW
YORK.
Supervisors.
part of the town was also forced to
stream for the early
settlers.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
1876 1877 1878

first
Henry H. Gibbs. Henry A. BesL Mathew Connor.

A. L. Sohermerhorn. " "
Town Clerks. Rodolpbua Clark.
The
be held
act forming the
town provided that the
meeting
May
6,
1823.
The
election resulted in the choice

I.

1823.
of the following
ofiScers:
Supervisor, Peter
;
Vosburiih
Lucas Goes.
Isaac McCiigg.
I.
1847. Russel D. Wilbur.

1848. Peter T. Tanner.
1349. William Shultz. 1850. William
Town
Barent
Clerk,
Arent Vosburgh
Assessors,
John
J. Sharp,
Van Deusen, John A.

;
Staats;
Collector,
Samuel
I.
1824. Richard
Goes.
Medad
Butler.
Thomas.
Vosburgh.
Vanderpoel
Commissioners of Highways, Richard

;
Goes,
Michael Kuffi, John Mynderson
Constable, Samuel Clary
Abraham
Barent Vanderpoel. I. Van Alstyn
John
P.
Commissioners
of
Schools,
Oliver
Beaumont, William
Wendover; Inspectors of Schools, OverRussell Potter, Walter Butler, John T. Wendover seers of Highways, Cornelius Smith, Henry Ham, Oliver Beaumont, Abraham P. Van Alstyne, Moses M. Gilbert, John Bame, Tennis Smith, Lucas I. Van Alen, Wm. MauSutherland, Stephen
;
Richard I. Goes. Barent Vanderpoel.
1852. William Hues.

1853.
Peter T. Tanner.
Medad
Butler.
1854.
John
P.
Vosburgh.
Garret Burgert.
Erastus G. Wight.

1856. William Hoes.
1857. Ariel
Barent Vanderpoel.
Erastus
(r.
Wight.
1858.
1859.
Garret Burgert.
M. Gamwell. James J. Clow. John P. Vosburgh.
ton,
Lambert Vosburgh, Peter Paddock, William Stephen-
Medad
Butler.
1860. William Hoes.
son,
Abraham Van
Alstyne, William Witbcck, Albert Goes,
1831. Garret Burgert.

1832. Richard Hoes.
Albert Witbeck, Garret Burgert, Isaac Staats, John
M.
Van Hoesen, George Chittenden, Joshua Vosburgh, Truman Hurd, John Hoffman Overseers of the Poor, William Poundmaster, Evert I. Van Dickie, Martin Van Alstyne
; ;
1833. Barent Vanderpoel.

1834.
Samuel A. Fowler. James J. Clow. 1863. John P. Vosburgh.

1861.
1862.
Medad
John
Butler.
1364. William Hoes.
S.
Vosburgh.
1365. 1866.
1835. Barent Hoea. 1836. Barent Vanderpoel.
Alen.
Rupert D. Williams. Smith Castle. James Crandell.
The
following have held the principal offices of the town

1837.
:
John R. Hoes.
Abram
Medad
I.
Van
Alstyne.
1868. Martin C.
since its formation
William Thomas.
18.38.
Siipervisora.
Butler.
1869.
1870.
Town
Clerks.
William Thomas.
1839. William 1840.
1823 1824 1825 1826

1827 1828 1829
183(1
Peter " "
I.
Vosburgh.
"
"
Arent Vosburgh. Richard I. Goes. William Dickie.

William A. Witbeck.
Ricjhttrd I. Goes.
Mathew Van Alstyne. W. Wight. Mathew Van Alstyne.

Thomas.
1871.
Van Alstyne James J. Clow. Thomas M. Wheeler. Thomas Dolen, Jr. Andrew P. Van Dyck.
Baltus P.
Van
Clow.
Slyok.
James
1373.
1874.
J.
George Chittenden.
"
1841. William
Russel h. Wilbur.
Richard
I.
" Goes.
1842. Laurence H.
John P. Vosburgh.
Augustus Whiting.
"
1843.
1831 1832 1S33 183* 1835 1836

18.17
Garret Burgert.
Van Alen. Mathew Van Alstyne. Medad Butler.

Elijah Castle.
Samuel A. Fowler. Lewis Thomas.

Russel D. Wilbur.
William Wight. " "
Wm.
Alstyne.
1877. 1873.
J.
Magee.
John
"
P.
Vosburgh.
"
Mathew Van
1845. William 1846.
James
J. Clow.
Abram
'
I.
Van
"
Alstyne.
"
Russel D. Wilbur.
John
"
S.
Vosburgh. "
1838 1839 1840

1841 1842 1843 1844 1845
John R. Hoes.
" " William Strever. " Garret Z. Sickles. " " Edwin M. Coventry.
" " L. R. Sohermerhorn. " Alexander Bidwell. William Best. ' " "
L. R.
" " " " " " Stephen F. Wheeler.

P. Acker, Jr.
Thomas.
Vosburgh.
Wm. Wm.
P. Walker.
John
P.
J. Magee. Samuel A. Fowler.
STUYVESANT LANDING,
on the Hudson, and also a station on the Hudson River
railroad, ten
" "
"
John
S. Vosburgh. Alexander Bidwell.
miles north from the city of Hudson,
is
1846
1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 185" 1858
"
"
pleasant village of four hundred inhabitants.

active freighting business to
It has
an
New York
city,
and contains
are, also,
Benjamin Shultz.
" Alexander Bidwell. "
several
manufactories of
stores, a hotel,
is
importance.
There
number of
and three churches.
The
busi-
Schermerhorn.
"
"
"
"
"
ness part of the village
along the river, but the residences
"
George B. Shultz.
Wilson Ham. Peter A. Vosburgh. Abram G. Sharp.
Jacob P. Sickles. <Jilbert Clapp. Edwin M. Coventry. Wilson Ham.
are principally on the bluffs,

elevation, on
which are some

as
which here form a pleasant The place was fine houses.

first
formerly
known
Kinderhook Landing, and was
im-
Hugh Van
Henry A.
Alstyne.
Hoyt
"
Z.
Bayly.
Hall.
1859
186(1
Best. Gilbert Cliipp.
proved at the lower part of the present

springs.
village, near the
Henry B.
" "
The current of the
river having shifted from the
1861 1862
1863 1864 1865 1866

18(i7
1868 1869 1870

1871
1872 1873
Levi Milham. " " Wm. G. Mandeville. " " Samuel A. Fowler. George W. Bayly. Hugh Van Alatyne. " Simeon Bryant. James Crnndell. Thomas M. Wheeler. P. Edw. Van Alstyne. Hugh Van Alstyne.
"
shore at that point, caused the landing to be established at

its
present place some time about 1800.
At
the old or
"
" Clarence Peters. Henry B. Hall. " "
"
Medad Butler had a public-house, and was, also, a sloop-owner. Butler and Van Valkenburgh had a store in the house now occupied by Jacob Hendere as a
lower landing,
cigar-factory,
"
"
" "
"
" "
the village.
and which is probably the oldest building in These and the usual shops gave the place for
"
those times a busy appearance.

At
the upper landing,
NEW
YORK.
357
Van Valkenburgh & Pruyn were

latter
Hollister,
Van Aken, and Van

Dr. P. K.
Slyck were also here for

is
in trade,
and were followed by Alexander McMachem, and

Vosburgh.
short periods.
Pomeroy
the present physician.
Butler
&
The
was an extensive real
es-
tate owner,
S. Peters,
and disposed of much of his interests to Abel

for
In former days a Dr. John M. Grouse, the famous maddog doctor, lived in Stuyvesant. H^ is said to have effected
who was
many years
a leading business man.
some remarkable
cures,
and was consulted by people living
About
this time, 1816, the freighting business
began to
at great distances from the place.
assume importance, and was carried on by Abel

Walter Butler, and Stephen Wendover.
the upper dock, where, in
S. Fetors,
The former had
1819, he erected a warehouse,

is
The manufactories of the village have a comparatively About 1853, Backus, Smith & Sargent origin. opened a stove-foundry, on the dock now occupied a.s a
recent
which
Davis.
is
yet standing, and which
now occupied by A.
and Butler
sloop,
oc-
coal-house by Best
&
Co.,
where several patterns of stoves

to warsite,
Wendover was
at the lower dock,
were manufactured, which met with sufficient favor
cupied the intermediate place.

a trip to "
Each owned a
making
rant the erection of a larger foundry, on the present
New York
every fortnight.
About 1836 the
about four years
later.
A
Co.,
number of changes
in the
own-
Kinderhook and Stuyvesant Steamboat Association" was

line
ership of the property ensued, the firm becoming, about
formed, and the " United States," Captain George Mayhew,
1863, S.
W.
Gibbs
all
&
who
established a business that

;
commander, placed on the

York.
between Stuyvesant and
New
extended to
parts
of the Union
and several stoves
Walter Butler was the managing agent of the

after several years' operation,
which were here designed and manufactured attained a

national reputation.
company, which,
to close business
was obliged
Among
these were " Gibbs' Cook,"
on account of financial
line
difficulties.
WenDuring
which
is
a model for that class of stoves, the

'
"Texas
;
Star,"
dover
&
Son next had a
of propellers,
among
the boats
the " Radiant," and " Fire Basket
heaters
list
and several
being the "
Wyoming" and
the " St. Nicholas."
ranges of very desirable patterns.
The
comprised a large
the Rebellion the latter was sold to the government. the
About
number of
Gibbs
patterns
and
several
hundred
sizes,
whose manIn 1873,
same time the
propeller " A. Davis" plied between the

it
ufacture required the employment of
fifty
men.
two points named until
was
also sold to the
government.
barges.
&
Co. retired from
business,
and the foundry was

until the be-
Both Duvis and Wendover then employed

latter
The
thereafter operated but a few
months a year
was succeeded
as a freigb.ter, in
still
1868, by Henry A.
Captain Davis has
Best
&
Co.,
who
are
in
business.
ginning of 1878, when the works came into the possession This is an incorof the " Stuyvesant Stove Company."
porated body, having
officers:
continued in this capacity since 1833, excepting a period

of ten years, when J. Wilcoxson and others occupied this
dock.
nine members
and
the
following
William Yungblut, president;
Wm.
Henzel, sec-
The barge
line
was displaced by the propeller
"
Andrew
Harder," in 1870, which has since been run as either a

regular or opposition boat.
landing to
New York
trips per
Other boats plying from the have been the " Walter Brett," the
and James D. Rourk, The manufacture of the best of the Gibbs patterns are continued, and many new features are conThe works occupy a very large brick buildstantly added.
retary
;
Wm.
T. Greer, treasurer
superintendent.
ing, with
convenient foundries attached.
It
is
is
supplied
ca-
" Escort," and the present " Charlotte Vanderbilt," which
with power from a good engine, and there

pacity to produce
six
ample
makes three
week, and, being a large boat, affords
hundred stoves per month.
At
excellent freight and passenger accommodations.
present thirty
men
are employed. erected about
Two
was
miles north from the landing, on

is
the east or Stuyliglit-liou.se.

is
The Stuyvesant Steam Flouring-Mills were
vesant side of the river,

built in 1829,
a United States
It
1856, by Peter and Thomas Houghtaling and George B.
and
refitted in
1854.
It
constructed
the tower
feet
of stone and brick, painted white.

is
The height of
thirty-two feet from
its
base,
and thirty-eight
from
They occupy a large frame building on the dock, Shultz. and are supplied with four run of stones and improved maThe motor is a fifty horse-power engine, and the chinery.
capacity
is
the water.
It contains a
No. 6
lens, w;hich affords
a fixed
one hundred barrels per day.
Best
&
Wilcox-
light, visible at a distance
of ten nautical miles.
son are the present proprietors.
One of
the
first
hotels at the upper landing was kept
by
is
Four miles north from the landing the manufacture of

bricks has been carried on extensively, employing twenty-
Peter Ackers,
in
a frame house standing on a lot
which
now used by
ducted
it
the track of the railroad.
In 1841, Gilbert
three operatives, and producing twenty-four thousand bricks
Clapp became the proprietor, and he and his sons have conever since.
per day.
The
present spacious house was built
in 1873.
STUYVESANT FALLS.
was established with the name of KinderIt
is
The
post-office
This
is
a manufacturing village, containing about seven
hook, and afterwards Stuyvesant Landing.
at present
hundred
and
inhabitants, situated on both banks of
Kinderhook
It is eight
known
in
as the Stuyvesant office, and has, since
1861, been
creek, near
where
it
passes out of the town.
charge of E. Murrel, Jr.
The
office
has also been held

I.
a' half miles
north of Hudson, and three miles east
by Walter Butler, Alexander Bidwell, Peter

ing,
Houghtal-
from Coxsackie
cation
is
station, its nearest railway point.
The
lo-
P. L. Schermerhorn, George
B. Shultz, E. J. Smith,
elevated,
and the surroundings are exceedingly

It contains several cotton
and Baltus P. Van Slyck.
picturesque, constituting this one of the most attractive

first
Dr. Stevens was one of the
to practice
medicine
places in the county.
and woolen-
at the landing.
Dr. Nelson
Busk came
at an early day,
mills, five or six stores, a hotel,
and three churches.

here afforded by Kinder-
and was a successful practitioner about forty years.
Drs.
Unusual good water-power
is
358
HISTORr OF COLUMIJTA COUNTY,

creek,
NEW
it
YORK.
hook
by two natural
in height,
falls
of forty-6ve feet
and
is
brick,
and
had at that period about three thousand
twenty-six feet
tlie
and about forty rods apart.

falls
At
five
hundred
spindles.
These
mills are
now
the property,
foot of the lower
and greater
the waters of the
of A. A.
Van
Alen, and are operated supplementary to
channel are divided by a point of rocks nearly a hundred

feet in height,
each other in the manufacture of cotton printing-cloths.
which forms the headland of an
island con-
They
are supplied with sixteen thousand spindles and three

fifly-two looms, capacitating
taining about twenty acres of land.

island
is
The
surface of the
hundred and
rocky and covered with a growth of evergreens.
one hundred thousand yards per week.
them to produce To produce this

employment
fe-
On
dam
bia
the east channel, near the lower end of this island, a
thirty bales of cotton are required, or about sixteen thou-
has been constructed to furnish power for the Colum-
sand bales per year.

to
The
mills at present give
Woolen-Mill.
This factory
is
the
outgrowth of a
one hundred male and one hundred and twenty-five
cloth-dressing shop established here about 1800, by
Wm.
male operatives, some of

forty years,
whom
have served here more than
Van
Hocsen.
At
a subsequent period he
manufactured
and share with the proprietor the honor of

of the
Satinets on hand-looms,
and when power-looms were intro-
being connected with one of the best mills in the State.
duced speedily adopted them.
As
the business increased

associatnig his
business,
Mathew Coventry was one

the building in which
is
first to
engage
in
mer-
he enlarged
sons, Isaac
his
manufacturing
in
facilities,
chandising at this place, probably
in
1820.
He
occupied
store.
and Abram,
the
management of the
now A. W. Van Hoesen's

trade as early as 1837, and
which was very prosperous
until the stringent times of
1837.
A. A. Van Alen was

Peter Acker
in a
in
many
About
that period A.
W. Van Hoesen became
the owner of
others have been engaged since, remaining but a short time.

is
the property, and at once instituted important improvements

in the mill, greatly multiplying its capacity.
credited with having kept the

site
fii-st
tavern,
By
to
using the
house which occupied the
of the present hotel,
most approved machinery ho was enabled

the
finer
manufacture
silk-mixed
which was erected about 1871.
grades of domestic cassimeres and

tlie
The
fii-st
settled physician
was a Dr. Scovel, who did not
goods, at
rate of ten thousand yards per
month.
His
all
remain very long.
Since 183G, Dr. H. B. Salmon has been
pattern-list
embraced nearly a thousand

in
varieties,
and
the only regular practitioner that remained to become identified
the goods were finished
the most workmanlike manner,
with the place.
Since 1861 he has also held the posioffice
by
practical
and experienced operatives.
The
entire pro-
tion of
postmaster of an
is
established
about 1835.
postmaster.
duct of
this mill
city,
was shipped to A. T. Stewart
&
Co., of
Edwin Coventry
said to
have been the
first
New York
business, in
and when Mr. Van Hoesen retired from

mill,
Among
his successors were Peter
Van Alen and W. G.

Hudson and
1872, that firm took the
and has since
Mandeville.
daily mail
is
supplied from
operated
it.
Several large frame buildings are occupied,
Kinderhook.
and about seventy operatives are employed.
On
the east side of the stream, below the lower

grist,
COXSACKIE STATION,
fall,
were formerly saw,

Martin Van Alstyne.
and
plaster-mills, operated
by
on
the
Hudson River
is
railroad,
near
the
southwestern
is
In time the property was purchased
corner of the town,
a mere hamlet, and
important
by Coventry
&,
Mandeville,
who
erected a paper-mill on the
chiefly on account of being the eastern

line
to.
terminus of a ferry
south side of the
grist-mill,
operating both
many
years.
Coxsackie, in Greene county, on the opposite side of
In
1863, while the property of

fire,
Wm.
R. Dingman, the
has since been
the river.
post-office
was established
at the depot
in
mills were destroyed by
and the
site
1872, and has been held since by the several agents of the
unoccupied.
company.
the
first
falls,
This place was formerly known as Nutten Hook,

settled here
About 1801
paper-mill
in
the county was
or
Nan/en Hook, from a family which
two
erected at the upper
by Pitkin
&
Edmonds.
The
and
hundred years ago.
grbt-mill on the site was transformed for this purpose,
The town has
taken considerable interest in
its
the manufacture of paper was carried on after the crude
manner of those
times, the mill
having but one
vat.
A
and
their
is
PUBLIC SCHOOLS,
has, with few exceptions, provided
year later George Chittenden, afterwards the founder of Chittenden's Falls, a hamlet several miles below, on the
good buildings
for
accommodation.
The
condition of the schools in
1878
same stream, purchased
this
mill,
and operated
it
until
shown by the
following table
Cbildre
1806, and successfully demonstrated that paper could be profitably manufactured in the county.
t.
Scliool
This
fall
has been further improved by a

is
dam
seven feet
40
high, and the power

Mill No.
1
now
exclusively employed to operate

It occu-
of the Stuyvesant Falls Cotton-Mills.
pies a three-story frame building, on the east side of the
stream, which was erected in 1827, by A. A.
Van Alen
&
Co.
It
had
five
hundred
spindles.
About
falls,
the same time
Mill No. 2 was erected at the lower
on the west side,
by James and John Waddell.

of the series
It is a large stone structure,
and was supplied with eight hundred

is
spindles.
Mill No. 3
It
below, and near the last named.
was
erected by A. A.
Van Alen &
Co., in 1845.
The
material

The
religious interests of the
NEW
YORK.
359
town are represented by
THE REFORMED (DUTCH) CHURCH OF STUYVESANT

FALLS.
four denominations and six churches.
The
organization of this church absorbed the interests

it
THE STCTYVESANT REFOR.MED (DUTCH) CHORCH.

This body was organized
of the Lutheran church to such an extent that

fered to go down.
was
suf-
The Reformed church became

J. Mesick,
a legal
May
13,
1827, by the Rev
body October
9,
1859, with a consistory composed
of; Elders,
Asa Bennett, with

belonging to the
Griffin,
sixty-five
members, composed of persons
Bartholomew Van Buren, Abram
and William
Van
Alstyne,
Wendover,
Hoes,
Van Luvan, Vosburgh, Van Dyck, Vanderpoel, Van
Hoes; Deacons, Alfred Ostrom, Cornelius
Plass,
and B. L.
Van Buren.
ilies
There were fourteen members from the fam-
Alen, Bayly, Witbecic, Bronk, Sickles, Sharp, Clow, and
of the consistorial body.
The Lutheran house was

it
Whiting
families.
Most of these had formerly been conElders,
occupied as erected until 1872, when

present inviting condition.
was placed
in
its
nected with Kinderhook and other neighboring churches.
It has sittings for
two hundred
The
first
consistory comprised
;
Isaac
Van Luvan
and
fifty
persons,
and
is
estimated worth $1000.

its
The
and Arent Vosburgh

Isaac Sudderly.
and Deacons. Oliver Beaumont and
church has eighty-two members, and

is
present consistory
composed
of:
Elders, A. Ostrom, William
Hoes, John
In 1831 the church edifice, a frame building, costing
Van De
Kittle,
Carr,
and Stephen
Haskins
Deacons, James
$1800, was erected
at Stuyvesant Landing,
in
which was much

is
enlarged and greatly improved
1868.
It
at present a
very neat and attractive place of worship, with sittings for

three hundred people, and
is
Samuel Cole, John Van Buren, William Plass, and Mathew Van Dyck. The clergy of the church have been: 1860-61, Rev.
1867-68, Rev. William E. Bogardus
estimated worth $8000.
Near
Elisha D. Bates; 1861-63, Rev. Minor Swick; 1864-67,
the church
is
a comfortable parsonage, purchased in 1853,

;
Rev. Isaac L. Kipp
and
is
valued at $2000
also a fine cemetery, containing a
few acres, which has been tastefully improved.

erty
is
The
Elders,
prop-
1869-71, Rev. Ransford Wells; and since 1874, Rev. William C. Fowler. A Sabbath-school of fifty members is
superintended by the pastor, assisted by A. Ostrom.
controlled by the following consistory
John
Ham, Henry A. Best, John Wilcoxson, and William McCullom Deacons, Philip Williams, James Wilson, and
T.
;
THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF STUYVES.\NT

FALLS
became an
incoi^porate
Walter S. Palmer.
Religious services were
retson,
first
conducted by Revs. J. GarClioone, and
body Feb. 22, 1858, with Trustees

Hamill,
Henry Hermaiice, William

I.
Frederick
Jacob R. Dingman,
Wm.
Henry Ostnmdor, Jere-
F. Cornell, as missionaries under the domestic board.
miah Humphrey, Edwin M. Coventry, Abram W. Van

Hoe-sen,
In 1832 the Rev. Garret

first
Garretson was installed the
pastor,
and remained with the church two years.

when,
in
A
Rev.
Decker.
cost of
Henry D. Thomas, Charles Sampson, and Hiram In 1859 its house of worship was erected, at a
It is
vacancy of a year followed,
1835, the
$4500.
an attractive frame
edifice,
with ac-
Andrew H.
until
Kittle entered
upon the
pastorate,
remaining
commodations
for three
hundred and
is
fifty
worshipers.
The
1846.
the
Towards the
close of that year the present
membership of the church

ling trustees are
one hundred, and the control-
pastor,
Rev. E. Nevins, assumed
the
care
of
the
Jacob Dingman, Simeon Allen, Thomas

Hoesen, and
ministerial office, aud under his administration the church
Ingham, John
W. Van
Wm.
F. Burger.
earlier than
has been uniformly prosperous.

families
It has at present eighty

it.
Methodist preaching was maintained
much
and one hundred communicants connected with
the date above given, and since 1853 this has Ijeen a regular
A
is
Sabbath-school was organized soon after the church, and
appointment.
The
pastors
since
that period
Griffin,
have
now under the superintendence of the
pastor.
It has
been Revs. Oren Gregg, Thomas Gregg, A.
Thomas
ninety-six members.
A.
Griffin,
G. Ward, Henry Smith, John

F.
W.
Carhart, E.
Morgan,
W.
Hurd, C.
C. Bedell, J. L. Cook, S. S. Ford,

J. P. Haller.
THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH AT 8TUTVESANT LANDING

was organized,
son, in as the result of missionary
J.
W.
Quinlan,
Wm.
Ryan, Elam Marsh, and
Until the present year the charge has been connected with
Kinderhook and neighboring churches.
It is
work from Hud-
by the Rev. W. G. Spaulding

church
maintains
a
as a separate charge.
now served The
1870.
On
the 18th of January, 1871, a society
Sabbath-school
having seventy-five
was
legally formed,
having as trustees Charles Berlin, John
members, superintended by
Wm.
Ashworth.
Dankert, and Henry Doerge.

afber at a cost of
fifty
chapel was erected soon
$2200, with
sittings for
one hundred and
ROMAN CATHOLIC.
The
St.
The church has fifty members, who are served by the pastor of the Hudson church. A Sundayschool of forty members is maintained.
persons.
services of the
Roman
Catholic church are held in

Falls,
Mary's chapel, at Stuyvesant
and the Church of

for wor-
the Nativity, at the landing.
Both were opened
Prior to 1857 the services of the Lutheran church were

held at Stuyvesant Falls, and on the 19th of October, 1857,
a society was formally organized under the rules of the
ship in
1873, and have an aggregate value of $3500.

to
They belong
the parish of Valatie, and are served as
missions in that connection.
When
the churches were es-
New York
ministerium, and conformably to the laws of the
tablished the priestly office was held by Rev.
John
J. Bren-
State, enacted in 1813.
John D.
Pultz, A. J. Me.sick,
and
nan.
The
present priest
in
is
Rev. Father M. J.
Griffith,
who
William G. Mandeville were chosen trustees of the society.
holds services
these churches every three weeks.
360

LINDENWALD LODGE,
F.
NEW
YORK.
the
AND
A.
M.,
NO. 509,
enlistments, and on
22d of August, 1S64, a

measures to speedily
fill
special
was
instituted at Stuyvesant Falls about 1860, with
John
It
in
meeting was held

for five
to devise
the call
W.
Carhart,
at
W.
M., and E.
M. Coventry,
Secretary.
hundred thousand men.
Wm.
John
G. Mandeville,
T.
John
numbers
block.
present
eighty-six members,
who meet
M., and
Wileoxson,
Hugh Van
Van
Alstyne,
Ham, Henry H.
well-appointed hall, devoted to
the purpose, in Connor's
Gibbs, Peter E.
Alstyne, and Aaron Vosburgh were
Wilhani Whitehead
is
the present
W.
W.
G.
appointed a disbursing committee, with power to pay such
Mandeville the Secretary.
bounty as would be deemed necessary

quota.
to at
once
fill
the
On
the 19th of September following they reported
GOOD INTENT LODGE OF ODD-FELLOWS

was removed
to this
the quota
filled
and bounties paid
in cash to
the
amount of
810,500.
place from Columbiaville, but soon
records.
went down, leaving no accessible
There were
also
The last call was as speedily tilled by P. E. Van Alstyne, Henry A. Best, A. A. Van Alen, Henry H Gibbs, S. H.
Wendover, Hugh Van Alstyne, George B. Shultz, Martin
C. Van Alstyne, A. who were appointed
J.
lodges of Good Templai-s, and a division of Sons of Temperance, in town, which have also been discontinued.
Mesick, and Edwin
Murrel, Jr.,
a disbursing committee Jan. 4, 1865,
THE REBELLION RECORD

of Stuyvesant gives the town honorable distinction for the
the quotas under the various
with power to expend $20,000 to secure the necessary
men.
promptness displayed in
calls for troops
filling
The
list,
whioh
will
be found on another pê, gives the

soldiers credited to
made by the President of the endangered

to facilitate
names and date of enlistment of the

Stuyvesant.
Union.
war committee waa early appointed
GREEJSTPORT.
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION.
This town
along
lies
west forty chains and eighty links from the southwesterly corner of
upon the Hudson
river,
nearly central
It
is
the western
border of the county.

it
rather
peculiarly situated, as
incloses the city of
Hudson upon
Mr. Goodivin's dock, in the city of Hudson; and north twenty-eight degrees and ten minutes west twenty-nine chains from Black Rock, on the most northerly point of Mount Merino; thence from said buoy south thirty-three degrees and twenty-five minutes east fifty-eight
chains to a willow-tree standing
in the
three sides.
Greenport thus has a river front both above

city.
fence; thence south seventy

to
degrees and ten minutes east ninety-six chains

old road passing through the farm lately
the centre of the
and below the

east
river
It
is
bounded north by Stockport,

It includes nine
by Claverack, south by Livingston, and west by the
and the
city of
Hudson.
thousand
three hundred and seventy-six acres of improved land, two
owned by Charles Evarls; thence along the centre of said old road north sixty-three degrees and twenty minutes east six chains and sixty links; thence north fortyfour degrees and twenty minutes east ten chains and forty-five links; thence north fifty-five degrees and fifty minutes east six chains;
thence north thirty-three degrees and fifty minutes east four chains and forty links; thence north twenty-two degrees and thirty-five minutes enst fifteen chains and seventy links to the northerly side of the Union turnpike; thence north eleven degrees and fifty minutes east eighty-six chains to a white-oak tree, standing one chain and fiftyfive links from the northeasterly comer of the farm lately owned by
thousand and ninety-one of unimproved, and of the

fifteen
latter
hundred and sixty-three acres are woodland.
The
total population in
1875 was thirteen hundred and
fifly-two.
The town
is
a part of the original
Van Hoesen
patent, fully
described in the general portion of this history.
In the Revised Statutes of the State Greenport

scribed,
is
de-
and
its
boundary
lines defined, as follows
" All that part of the citj of lluilsoD lying within the following
limits, to wit:
Jonas White, and nine links westerly from the fence along the westerly side of the old road leading from Hudson to the print-works; thence from this white-oak tree north seventy-four degrees and twenty-five minutes west to the channel of the river or to the Greene county line
;
"Beginning on comer of the town

line of the said
the
of Stockport,
bank of the Hudson river, at the southwest and running from thence along the
to the
thence northerly along the middle of the river to the southwest corner of the town of Stockport; and from thence to the bank of the river
at the place of beginning, shall constitute
a new town by the name of
town
of Stockport, south sixty-six degrees, east one
Greenport."
hundred and twenty chains and sixteen links

creek
middle of the
NATURAL FEATURES.
The
surface of the town
is
Claverack creek, at a hickory-tree standing on the east bank of said

;
broken and
is
hilly.
Below
com-
thence up along the middle of said creek, as

:
it
winds and
turns, to the line of the town of Livingston
thence north sixty-eight
the city of
Hudson on the
fifty
river
a range of
hills,
degrees fifteen minutes west along the north line of the said town of
mencing with the bold elevation of Mount Merino, two hundred and
feet
Livingston
to
the middle of
Hudson
river; thence
the boundary line between the counties of
up said river on Columbia and Greene, at

flats in
above the river, and a

feet.
little
farther
south rising to seven hundred
This point has been
a point bearing north thirty-three degrees and twenty-five minutes

west from a buoy standing at the southerly point of the
river; said
said
used
as
signal-station
by the government surveyors.
buoy bears south seventy-seven degrees and
five
minutes
Upon
the southern slopes of this range the artist Church

NEW
YORK.
track.
place,
561
A more beautiful spot, with more enchanting views, can scarcely be found in the valley of the Hudson. Farther east, and nearly parallel to the
has his residence and studio.
range of the
river-hills, is Becraft's
and very near the railroad
The farm has been

and has the curious
its
sometimes known as the Benton

his first title proving defective.
history of having been paid for twice by one of
owners,
mountain.
This
is
is
pre-
The house
is
a well-preIt
cipitous on the west side.
Between these ranges
a broad
to the
served specimen of the solid masonry of old times.

bears the inscription " K. V. H., 1729,'' and
nearly one hundred and
fifty
is
and
fertile valley,
widening in the lower part nearly

creek, forming the eastern
therefore
signers
entire breadth of the town.
years old.
One of the
1726.
The Claverack
not
boundary
its
line,
is
to the original
compact
for building the Claverack
church
the
drains a considerable portion of the town, and
valley
to
was Kaspar Van Hoesen.

doubtedly the same name.
This was
is
in
Among
only productive, yielding abundant returns

is
the
deacons of that church, 1727,
Casparis
Van Hoesen, unVan Hoesen.

in the his-
farmer, but
also full of pleasant scenery,
having many
This old stone house was then

the house are them-
delightful locations for rural homes.
evidently the homestead of Deacon Kaspar
The
small portion of the town north of

It
is
Hudson has no
The Ludlow
brothers
now occupying
very striking features.
narrow, lying between the
selves representatives of old families
mentioned
Hudson
river
and Claverack creek.
The
heights separating
to
tory of Claverack.
They
are great-grandsons of Richard
the valleys are only slight, yet sufficient
render the
Morris, Julia Morris, a granddaughter of Richard, having
country pleasantly diversified.

valley flows a small creek,
its
Through the broad southern

remote branches rising south
married
Wm.
is
B. Ludlow, of Claverack.
2d. In the
of the ranges of
hills
on the border of Livingston.
One
sen family
to
of these flows from a spring near the residence of Mr.
says, " The Van Duamong the oldest, tracing its beginnings back an ancestor who built the hrick house near the creek, on
same addr&ss Dr. Porter
Church, before alluded

in
the gazetteers as
The main stream is mentioned Kahseway creek, and empties into

to.
the
South Shoulder of Beighraft's mountain, the present
place of Alexander
"building, then,
Van
Rensselaer."
This venerable old

to
South bay.
There
is
also a small
tributary of Claverack
undoubtedly dates back
the middle of
creek in the southeastern part of Greenport.
An
unim-
the last century, if not earlier, even to the time of the
portant rivulet along the northern limits of the city of
Kaspar Van Hoesen mansion.

Isaack
Indeed, the names of six
Hudson, and flowing
into
North bay, drains a small portion
of this family appear in the same old church compact,
of the surface of Greenport.
EARLY SETTLEMENT.
It
is
Van Duse, Harpert V. Duse, Robbert Van Duse, Is. V. Duse, Matthewis V. Duse, and Tobyas Van Duse. Accepting this authority that the Van Deusens were among
now who
first
not an easy matter to determine
set-
the
oldest
settlers,
that their ancestors
built
the brick
tled within
the present limits of the town of Greenport.

first
house south
of Becraft's
mountain, we have a second
The
first
site
of the
house erected, and the name of the
building dating back to the same period,
1725
to
1730.
family occupying the same, are alike lost in the dark-
There
is
another very old house on the Claverack creek,
ness of the remote past.
Greenport was a part of ancient
east side of the mountain, called the
Van Deusen
house,
Claverack, and the
quarter centuries.
farther
name of the latter goes back two and a The very early settlers that located
Kinderhook and Stockport, were
nOw occupied by Mr. Brownell.

3d.
On
style
the road south from Hudson, and beyond South

is
up the
river, in
bay a short distance,
another venerable building of the
not
much
in advance of those
journal of certain
travelers
who settled Claverack. The who ascended the Hudson

in a sloop,
same
of masonry and the same deep oak beams,
thickly placed, that distinctly characterize those primitive

structures.
latter
about two hundred years ago
going as far as
It
is
now owned by Henry Wilson.

at
The
Albany, shows something of this very town of Greenport.
remembers that he has

this building,
some time seen an

to
inscrip-
On
the return the sloop stopped at Claverack Landing to
tion
is
upon
but
it
was not easy

is
be read, and
take on board grain brought to the river by the* farmers
not
now
its
readily found.
This
known
in the
neighbor-
of Claverack.
These
travelers, taking the opportunity of
hood
as the old
Bant
place,
and the people speak of the
the delay to see something of the country, rode out with the farmers to their homes, about
four
miles,
date of
erection
as entirely
unknown.
Considerable
and the
hill-
inquiry has failed either to ascertain the date or to learn
journal speaks of some noble fountains bursting from a

side which they passed on the way.
much about
among
the pioneer family that erected
it.
These are undoubtedly
ing again from the records of Claverack church,
But quotwe find

that
the " Fountains," so called at the present time, near Hollenbeck's tavern.
the signers to the compact Jan Bont and Hendrick

local
Bont, and connecting this with the
tradition
In critically examining the different
neighborhoods of
three or four generations of that family
name
1730.
lived in the
is
Greenport for evidence

pioneer settlement,
little
still
existing in
them
relative to
old stone house, the conclusion seems justified that here
appears except four old buildings
another homestead dating back 1725

4th.
to
that are very clearly of considerable antiquity.

1st.
Beyond
the
Bunt house, on
Sirs.
the road from
Hudson
is
There
is
the
Van Hoesen
in
house, built in 1729.
Dr.
to the
neighborhood of the Reformed church, there
the
Porter, in his address at the centennial celebration of the
dwelling
now occupied by
Weed.
This was the

in
Claverack
building.
church
It
is
1867, alludes to this as a very old

C. J.
Plass homestead of old times.

that neighborhood,
his father
Jonathan Plass, living

house
now owned by Mr.
Ludlow, and
now seventy-nine
in that old stone
years old, says that

;
stands in the neighborhood of the toll-house on the Columbia turnpike,
was born
north
that his grandto
from the toll-house across the
fields
father lived there,
and he supposes the
latter
have also
46
362
been born there.
In the

roll
NEW
YORK.
of a military company, or-
Farmers' turnpike, at what was known as Whitlock's gate.
Oak Hill in 1715, alluded to in tlie general history, is the name of John Emenils Ploss, showing the family of that name to have been in this
ganized and under review at
R. H. Van Rensselaer's farm was the present place of Allen

Miller.
farm.
Nicholas Ten Broeck lived on the present Farroll John Tompkins in the south part of the town, on
county at that early date.
Dr. Porter, in the address
al-
the road to Catskill Ferry.

is
William Woods lived
in
I.
what
Har-
ready quoted, says of this military company (1715), " All of these persons were residents at that time of the Livingston
now
Stockport.
George Coventry and Abram
dick
also.
The name
of Everts, both Charles and Jacob
manor
but larger advantages, offered by the proprietor
of Claverack, induced
at an early
many
its
of them, no doubt, to remove

boundaries."
day within
for the
This statement
C, appears in the list of the common council. The present Henry Ten Broeck farm is understood to have been the Frederick D. Gardner, a member of the last Everts place.
would account
as early a
Plass family name in Greenport at
common
in
council before the division of the city,
is still
living
day as the others mentioned. If these inferences are correct, we have the Van Hoesen dwelling-house, the Bunt, the Plass, and the Van Deusen,
all
Greenport (1878).
Jonathan
W.
I.
Race kept the

Cornelius
tavern on the southeast corner of the town.
Among
the early assessors
may be mentioned
place
;
dating back one hundred and
fifty years.
The second
Benham, who
McKinstry,
lived on the present Dr. Sabine farm;
Ansel
Van Deusen
ell
house, mentioned above, on the present Brown-
at the present
McKinstry
Ezekiel But;
farm, with two or three others, may also be very old but the /or are evidently the earliest of all.
ler, who lived on what is known as the Butler farm James I. Morrison, in the south part of the town.
and
four mentioned, but
There were doubtless other families nearly as early as the it is difficult to secure any account of
least in chronological order.
Oliver Wiswall was a public

activity.
man
of great energy and
He
was mayor of the
city of
Hudson
in
1827
is
them, at
and 1828.
His
old
homestead was located on Mount
John R. Hollenbeck was a

a tavern
resident
more than a hundred
Merino, and most beautifully situated.

comfort rather than for show.
cedar-crowned heights, southward
The mansion
it
years ago at the present place of F. A. Beach.
He opened
a solidly-constructed building, erected for use and domestic
and established a
Hollenbeck,
ferry.
He
was succeeded by his
In the rear of
is
rise
the
son, Peter I.
who
died July 29, 1834, only
the garden, and beyond
three years later than
his
father.
tinued by his widow and her family

It then ceased to be a public-house.
The tavern was condown to about 1855. Matthew and Michael
the garden are the spacious barns.

sion
is
In front of the man-
a fine billiard-parlor, mistaken by
many
for a rural
Episcopal chapel.
is
little
south and opposite the garden

rill
Hollenbeck were also early residents.
son of Peter
I;-
is
a deep glen, through which a small
tumbles to the
Charles Hollenbeck of the McKinstry neighborhood, and a
-Hudson.
Below the bank
is
the railroad track, noisy with

river,
son of Charles
is
the present town clerk.

is
The
old.
dwelling-
rattling trains.
Beyond the
westward, the slopes of
house of Charles
about one hundred years
the opposite shore rise in quiet beauty, and blend with the
loftier heights
Jacob R. Hollenbeck, mentioned in the notes upon town

officers, is
of the Catskills.
estate
is
the son of Matthias Hollenbeck, and he was the
The Wiswall
fine
now somewhat
occupied.
neglected,
and
its
son of Matthias the elder.

Jlatthias, Jr., were
The
sons of the latter, besides

N.,
first
buildings
scarcely
Wm.
is
J. Wiswall, the
Jacob, Michael
Jeremiah, Mrs.
husband, married
present owner of a part of the farm,
said to be the oldest
Bcrtrand (who, after the death of her
Uvhig steamboat captain on the
river, as
his father before
James Kelly), and Mrs. Abraham Ten Eyck. The old Hollenbeck tavern at the McKinstry place was kept by the
mother of Jacob R. Hollenbeck for many years.
him was the

trips.
first to
command
a steamboat
making regular
on
remembered
was
as an energetic, capable
She is woman, and her house

from Hud.son.
The present Hollenbeck

the Columbia turnpike,
is
tavern, near the " Fountains,"
a very old place.
a favorite resort for parties riding out
kept nearly or quite a hundred years
The tavern was ago by James Bedell.
Many
was
of the early settlere of Greenport are mentioned in
The
tavern in the southeast corner of the town was es-
the Chapter upon the city of Hudson, of which Greenport
tablished, too, as early as 1800,
down to 1837. Among the members of

a part
to
years as the
the
Hydorn
of,
from 1785
1836
inclusive,
common council of the who resided beyond

:
city
already spoken
and was known for many The old tavern at the ferry, opened by John R. Hollenbeck a hunplace.
I.
the
dred years ago or more, was continued by Peter
Hollen-
present city limits,
may
be mentioned the following
Ezra
beck, his son, for a few years, and after his death by his
Reed, Dirck Delamater, and John Ten Broeck, in the year 1785.
widow, down
to
about 1855 or 1856, when
it
ceased to be
The two
last
I.
were re-elected several times.
In
In
a public-house.
place, near the
Another early tavern was
at the
McKinstry
1780 and 1787, H.
Van
Rensselaer was a member.

I.
Reformed church.
1701 appears the name of Claudius

I.
Delamater.
Samuel
the
very early blacksmith-shop was kept by John Plass on
Ten Broeck
lived
where Samuel T. B. Heermance does
the present place of Mrs. Miller.
at the present time.
Jonathan Becraft, from
whom
Town-meetings have been held the most of the time at

the " Fountains."
mountain derives
council in
its
name, was a member of the
common
part of
farm.
1803 and 1804. Seth G. Macy lived in that Hudson set off to Stockport, on the present Lathrop John Hardick, whose name appears many times in
list,
ORGANIZATION.
The name is supposed to have been determined by Oliver Wiswall, who assisted in procuring the act authorizing the
formation of the town.
Its significance arises, perhaps,
the
official
from 1801
to
1816, also lived
in
what
is
from
now
Stockport.
Thomas Whitlock, 1809,
resided on the
the beautiful appearance of
Mount Merino,
as
it
projects,

with
its
NEW
YORK.
first
363
roun(icd summit, to the view of

;
boatmen coming
Of
the town officers elected at this
meeting, 1837,
from the north
its
slopes
and
its
heights, covered with
the following brief

it relates to
memorandum may
be of interest, though
:
green verdure, marking from a long distance above the entrance to the port.
a comparatively modern date
Hugh
McClellan,
the
first
supervisor, lived not far frotn the toll-gate on Cohis place being the present
first
The town
wa.s
formed
May
13, 1837,
and was composed
lumbia turnpike,
Zachariah Bush,
Browneil farm.
Fountain,"
of the outlying territory of the city of Hudson, leaving to

the latter only a narrow tract beyond the compactly built
portion of the city.
town
clerk, lived near the "
and kept the tavern now the Hollenbeck

Miller's place
place.
Jonas H.
the city territory
The people in the remoter portions of had for many years been opposed to sharing
and lighted
streets
was the farm now owned by William Coons,
the heavy financial burdens incident to the city government.
The
cost of paved
city
of
of public buildings
in pro-
improvements generally, was being paid
portion to their assessments by the citizens four and five
miles dLstant equally with those in the city proper.
This
or-
became very burdensome, and the movement

cessful
for a
town
Ezra Doane ferry. known as the Doane farm. John J. Vandenburgh on what has been known as the Curry place, now owned by James Storm. James Hollenbeck's place was the present farm of John E. Gillette. John V. Duel lived in the north part of the town, somewhat away from John T. Van Deusen the road, near the Claverack creek.
between the Reformed church and the
lived on
what
is still
ganization acquired finally a controlling power, and was sucin
was
east of Becraft's mountain, near the creek, on the
farm
lived
procuring the authority of the Legislature
to
now owned by Browneil.

feller lived in
Abraham
T.
Van Deusen
organize.
near his brother John, above mentioned.

is
Jacob Rocke-
There
no doubt that there was some reasonable argusides.
the McKinstry neighborhood, on the present
ment on both
It is true that
the people of Greenport
weekly and
useless
perhaps nine-tenths of
farm of Richard Hollenbeck.

father of
Peter Vandenburgh was the
many
to
of them daily
it
John
J.,
mentioned above.
William Van Deusen
enjoy
all
the city improvements, and therefore
was
lived on the creek, near the stone mills on the present farm
argued that they might justly be required
pay for them.
of Peter P. Groat.
Robert Thomas owned the present

Peter E. H.
Yet there was danger that
and unnecessary expenses

settled portion of the city
farm of Mervin Best at Becraft's mountain.

Plass lived in the south part of the town.
would be voted by the compactly
Jonas R. Dele-
despite the protests of the " rural districts."
The farmers
result.
mater's place was the farm
were successful in releasing themselves fi'om this danger.
Jacob Traver lived
in
the north part of the town.
now owned by Henry Delemater. John
The movement,
too,
had an immediate
practical
W.
Hollenbeck kept the old tavern across South bay from

at the foot of
Charles Hollenbeck states that the taxes went
down
nearly
Hudson,
House."
Jlount Merino, known as " First

lived near Becraft's mountain,
one-half the next year after the town was organized.

It is
John Weeks
also.
and
due
to the citizens of
Hudson
to
add that they

to
furnished the stone for the court-house.
Peter
Ham
lived
made no very determined nor prolonged opposition

formation of the town.
the
near the mountain
Neil McNeil's place was just on
Those friendly
to the organization
the east line of the city.
of the town and active at Albany in supporting the measure were, besides Mr. Wiswall, Jacob R. Hollenbeck, Michael
Of
living.
these
twenty named, Jacob R. Hollenbeck

has been in
office all
is
still
He
the time from that date

as justice of the
W.
Hollenbeck, Jones H. Miller, Christian Happy, John

others.
at the
to the present,
and
is
now serving
peace
Tompkins, and probably there were
in the twenty-third year.
There are
also
still
living Neil
The
first
town-meeting was held
house of Jacob
McNeil, John P. Kipp, Jacob Happy, and Robert Thomas.
R. Hollenbeck, now the McKinstry
place,
:
June
C,
1837,
The
officers
following
list
contains the names of four of the town
and the following town

supervisor
;
officers elected
Hugh
; ;
McClellan,
from 1837
to
1878, inclusive
Zachariah Bush, town clerk
Jonas H. Miller,
Ezra Doane, John

lenbeck,
sioners
J. Vandenburgh, assessors James HolJohn V. Deuel, John T. Van Deusen, commisof highways Abraham T. Van Deusen, Jacob
;
Rockefeller, overseers of the
poor
Peter Vandenburgh,
Jacob R. Hollenbeck, William Van Deusen, commissioners

of
common
schools
Robert Thomas, Peter E. H. Plass,

;
Jonas R. Delemater, inspectors of schools
Jacob Traver,
constables;
John W. Hollenbeck, John Weeks, Peter Ham,

poundmaster.
at the
Neil McNeil, sealer of weights and measures, and also
Voted, that the next town-meeting be held
house of Zachariah Bush.

divided into fourteen road districts, with
The town was

No.
3,
the following pathmasters:

;
No.
1,
Abraham
;
J.
Hardick
John E. H. Plass No. 4, Isaac Shaw No. 5, Nicholas Ten Broeck No. 6, William Van Deusen No. 7, John T. Van Deusen No. 8, Jacob R. Hollenbeck No. 9, Jonas
;
H. Miller; No.
10,
John P. Kipp; No.
11, Jacob
Happy;
No. 12, David R. Bunker.
The names
for three districts
are not obtainable from the records.
364
NEW
YORK.
i^-^Z
O-.'
EUZABLTH HOLLLHBCCK
fA
J.HOLLENBECK
Res dence or
MRS ELIZABETH HOLLENBECIC
GffCENPOB
ColumbaCoNY

the following served one or more years, each as commissioner,
NEW
YORK.
365
down
to
1843
Aaron Van Vleck, Jonathan
Plass,
Harvey Rice, James McGiffert, John D. Moore, Chancellor

Snyder,
Harmon
Hollenbeck, and Jacob Bogardus.
During
the same period the following persons were inspectors of

schools one or
more years each
E. Atwell, Charles Hollen-
beck,
Mark Hollenbeck,
Philip P. Groat, James McGiffert,
and
Wm.
E. Heermance.
Following this system was that of town superintendents,
and that commenced

several
in
1844.
office:
The
following were
the
incumbentsof that
1844,Wm.E. Heermance;
Bien;
1845, Jacob Avery; 1846-48, James McGiffert.

nially:
1850, Philip H. Groat; 1852, John McKinstry

Farrell.
1854-56, James A.
June, 1857.
Previous
to
The
office
was abolished
in
1837 the schools were, of course, a part of the
general school system of the city of Hudson.
The
follow-
ing apportionment by the school commissioners of the As-
sembly
district for
March, 1878, shows the condition of

:
the schools at the present time
District.
366
NEW
YORK.
poultry, and the value of
cattle
William H. Best, assistant; and Mrs. Andrew Hollenbeck,

teacher of the infant department.
14 mules, and $2650 worth of

the eggs sold was $1085.
John E.
Gillette
is
the
There were 211 head of

latter.
superintendent at
Red
Hill.
other than milch-cows, and 541 of the
The butter
wa.s
1,
The
present house of worship was erected in the
of 1869, and cost about $14,000.
Of this,
the Ladies'
summer Aid
made
in families
was 26,671 pounds, and the milk sold

There were
in the town,
clip
99,675 gallons.
sheep shorn
June
1875,
Society had previously raised by quiet and steady work, the
to the
number of 274, the
weighing 1181
sum of $300C, waiting for the men to "arise and build." The house is eighty feet by forty- four, having a fine audience-room, and an additional lecture-room twenty by forty-
pounds, and there were raised 131 lambs.
There were 541

in
head of swine, and the number slaughtered

of 1874
the
fall
was
432,
in
weighing
pasture
81,085
pounds.
There
two
feet.
The spire pointing heavenward from

conspicuous object for miles around.
far
this beautiful
were
1677
acres
and
5099
mowed.
The
live-
hill is a
The
society
value of the farms was estimated at $1,588,780, and the
have a parsonage not

having been erected
in
from the church, the dwelling
farm buildings, other than dwellings, at $229,110;

stock,
1852.
$100,575;
tools
and implements, $111,183, and
fertilizers
purchased to the amount of $3064.
The
cent,
gross
BURIAL-PLACES.
These are numerous. The principal cemeteries in and around the city of Hudson have always been used largely by the citizens of what is now Greenport for the burial of
their dead.
sales for
1874 from the farms
are stated at $111, 183,
showing an income of about

the capital.
five
and a half per
upon
To which must be added

is
that portion of the
family support that comes directly from the farms,

the expense of hired labor, which
but
The
other principal burial-place
is
the ground
not taken into account,
near the Reformed church, in the south part of the town.
must be deducted.
Other places of burial may be mentioned as follows a few stones the present Harmon Hollenbeck farm,
On
still
A
city.
portion of the people of Greenport, living adjacent to
the corporate limits, are engaged in business within that
left.
On
the Robert R. Hollenbeck farm, where a large
num-
ber were undoubtedly buried in very ancient times,

stones are
still left
some
Ham
The other
principal business interest of Greenport, other
there
still
on the Richard Hollenbeck farm,

;
than farming,
may
be stated as the marble quarry, and yet
one or two stones
mark the spot

is
on the line of the
that has never been developed extensively
enough
to
be-
and the
New
farms there
for burial
a cemetery which has been

later years
;
come
a leading industry.
its
The
:
following statement of the
somewhat used
in
on the farm of
;
quarry and
value
is
added
widow Lucretia Weed,
the old
;
;
Plass homestead
on the
Von Hoesen
farm
on the farm of widow Nicholas Miller

near widow Philip Kells'
;
THE GREENPORT QUARRIES,

located about two
on the Henry Wilson farm

the Lambert neighborhood.
the old house
on
;
miles southeast of Hudson, have
for
the Robert McKinstry farm
on the
Van Deusen
farm
in
many
years been worked to a limited extent, and produced
There were
burials, too, near
an excellent quality of stone.

of any sufiScient means for
its
But owing
to the
absence
owned by
C. J. Ludlow, elsewhere described.
transportation to market,
it
having
to
be hauled over two miles of inferior road,
has
INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS.
been
difiBcult to
procure blocks of desirable shape and size
The
For
people of Greenport are mostly engaged in farming.
for building purposes,
and the extent of production has not

practically inexhaustible
this a-large portion of the

fertile
town
is
finely adapted.
The
is
been at
all
commensurate with the
valleys are
and productive, and the
hill-sides arc
supply contained in Becraft's mountain.
largely tillable or capable of excellent pasturage.
There
The
quarries were leased a few years since by a stock

"
very
river,
little
waste land in town.
The
in
soil is
clayey along the

All the
company, under the corporate name of the
New York
ofiicers
and a sandy, gravelly loam
the interior.
Shell-Marble Company," with a cash capital of $100,000,
productions
common
to this section of
country are raised,

in
and under the management of the following-named

Frederick
and farmers have

son, or
a convenient
market
the city of
Hud-
W.
Jones, president
;
S.
E. Whittingham, secIt
by easy shipment down the
river.
retary and treasurer
and Robert Hood, chief engineer.

this
Considerable attention was given at one time to sheep
was the purpose of

for
company
to
to perfect
arrangements
husbandry.
to
1820, a large and valuable flock
During the era of fine-wool speculation, 1812 some stating it at
600
was introduced and kept on what was afterwards

that
fact.
doing an extensive business by the construction of a
railroad
to
from the quarries

in the
Hudson, which was designed
the
form a link
contemplated Hudson and Kinderhook
Wiswall farm, on Mount Merino, and the eminence takes

its
railroad.
The
plan also included the erection of mills on
name from
its
We
have obtained no very comflock,
plete information as to this noted
the South bay, in Hudson, for sawing marble and dressing

building-stone.
its
introduction
These plans have not yet been carried out.

is
or
dispersion.
The marble obtained here

of the town of Greenport are shown by
shell-marble.
finest polish,
of that variety known as
The productions
It is of superior quality, is susceptible of the
the following facts from the reports of the census of 1875.
and
is
unsurpassed for ornamental purposes.

Appletons' "
There was produced

Indian corn, 813G
wheat, only 35
; ;
in
1874, of buckwheat, 1500 bushels;
It is thus described in
New
Encyclopedia"
those
oats,
;
16,922;
rye,
14,279;
;
winter
"
Lumachella,
or
fossiliferous
marbles, are
which
beans, 90
potatoes, 19,914
apples, 23,-
415
bushels,
pounds.
and 403 barrels of cider; grapes, 11,400 There were upon the farms 432 head, of horses.
These are sometimes so crowded upon one another that they compose the whole mass of stone sometimes sin'rlc shells arc seen scattered throughout
contain petrified shells.
;

the block.
NEW
YORK.
367
dark marble, from Kilkenny,
in
common
its
mittee were Frederick A. Gardner, Cornelius Esselstyne,
use for mantels and hearths, often presents a section on

polished face, of the nautilus shell.
The white
spiral lines
of the shell on the dark ground have exactly the appear-
ance as
if a
rough-nailed heel had been carelessly spun
Henry A. Dubois, Harmon Hollenbeck, Richard Becker, James T. Dubois, Jonas R. Delamater, James A. Farrill, Philip H. Lambert, Jacob R. Hollenbeck. At a special town-meeting, held July 30, 1864, Richard
was authorized A. Becker, chairman, Jacob Hollenbeck, clerk, such bounty as the committee to be appointed might The committee named were Richard Becker, agree upon.
around upon the surface, and many a nice housewife, unskilled in paleontology, has tried in vain to rub out the
vexatious
spots.
These marbles are very abundant
in
Europe, and also throughout

States.
eties,
New York
are
and the western

vari-
James A.
Farrill,
Richard P. Groat, Cornelius Esselstyne,
Handsome mantels
made of American
fossil shells,
and Jonas R. Delamater.
The committee thus
intrusted
which are compo.sed entirely of
but they
with this responsible duty executed the duty assigned faithfully.
are rather to be regarded as curious than beautiful.
They
They
filled
the quota, paying whatever was neces-
lack the high colors of the brecciated and variegated marble,
sary,
and yet avoided the bounty-brokers and their enorexactions, saved the
Still
and though they take a good

plain colors comparatively dull
polish, they are
from their
of the
mous
town from a
draft,
and
satisfied
and sombie.
Some
the people.
further authority was given at subsequent
best of this kind are from Becraft's mountain, back of

son,
Hud-
meetings, and an additional committee appointed, consisting
New
York, which
is
is
noticed by Prof Silliman.
of Henry A. Dubois,
Wm.
J. Miller,
Richard Hollenbeck,
"
red.
The marble
of a grayish color, with a slight blush of
Aaron Van Vleck, and Matthias Hollenbeck.
Its structure is semi-crystalline,
and
in
some
places
highly crystalline, especially in and around the organiffid

bodies,
slabs
which
in vast
numbers
it
embraces.
The
largest
present
great
diversity of appearance,
and can
MICHAEL
J.
scarcely be distinguished
from the similar transition marble

it
of the Peak of Derbyshire, which
quite equals in beauty
HOLLENBECK.
and
fineness.
In Hudson
it
has been used in many of the

it
houses for ornamental work, and

into
has been introduced
Mr. Hollenbeck was born in Greenport, Columbia Co., He was a son of James and CathaN. Y.. Oct. 2, 1809.
rine Hollenbeck, and married Elizabeth, daughter of Francis
New
York."*
MILITARY HISTORY.
No
ccmplete
list
can be easily obtained of those
who
and Perces (Wright) Salisbury, of Athens, Greene Co., She was born Feb. 2, 1810. Feb. 22, 1834. Mr. Hollenbeck was brought up on his father's farm,
and
after
belonged to the Revolutionary army and resided within the

present town of Greenport.
arriving
at
manhood
followed boating on
the
given elsewhere, doubtless
company muster-rolls, include several names from the

full
The
Hudson
river for a period of about thirteen yeai-s.
x\fter
his marriage he purchased the present family homestead,
present territory of this town.

official
In 1840, according to the
near the city of Hudson, in the town of Greenport, where
pension
lists,
there were two pensioners at that time

Elindorf, aged eighty-eight, and
living in Greenport,
John
he was an industrious and frugal farmer, and where he and his wife, by hard work and economy, surrounded themselves
Nicholas Stickles, aged eighty-five.
As
to the
War
of
of 1812,
we have
little
or no account of
and children with the comforts of a home, and acquired a moderate competence, Mr. Hollenbeck spending the balance
of his
life
those from Greenport
who were At a
in the military service.
on this farm.
He
was a man of energ}' and
The War
1861-65
called out certain official action special
by
perseverance.
the town, as follows:
meeting held at the

1,
Democrat
in
politics,
Mr. Hollenbeck held several

unassuming man, honest and
traits
house of Jacob R. Hollenbeck, Sept.
1862, Henry A.
minor town
eral years.
offices,
and served as justice of the peace sevplain,
Dubois was elected chairman, and James A. Farrill secretary. A committee of six on resolutions was appointed,
consisting of Frederick D. Gardner,
He
was a
upright
acter.
in his dealings,
and of many noble
of char-
James A.
Farrill,
Jacob
B. Hollenbeck, Samuel T. Dubois, Cornelius Esselstyne, and Philip Van Tassell. Resolutions were reported and
passed providing one hundred dollars bounty to each volunteer.
They have brought up one adopted

ried, Oct. 24,
child,
Perces E.
Crippen, born in Greene county, Dec. 11, 1836, and mar-
1860, to Mr. Ezra Hollenbeck, of Greenport.
An
executive committee of ten was authorized to

to
Since the death of her husband, April 14, 1874, Mrs.
borrow 4000
pay the bounty
offered,
and
to petition
Hollenbeck has exercised the general supervibion over the
the Legislature for a law ratifying this action.
The com-
manasemcnt of her
financial
estate,
and attended personally
to
her
es-
and other business.
She
is
woman
highly
^'
American Journal of Science,
vol. vi. p. 371.
teemed
for her
many
excellent qualities.
HILLSDALE.
This town, which
population,
lies
is
the sixth in size and the tenth in
quartz.
Iron ore of excellent quality
is
found
in
the
on the eastern border of the county, adis
eastern part of the town, and in
some
and
parts the quartzlead.
joining the State of Massachusetts, and
the central town
rock
is
found to contain gold,

is
silver,
mineral
of the east
line.
Its southern line is also the northern line

it
paint of excellent quality
also
found in the vicinjty of
of the old Livingston manor, as
was
finally
agreed upon
Its
one of the ore-beds. This town was

before
settled at a very early day,
between the patroons, Livingston and Van Rensselaer.

area
is
probably
26,699
acres, of
which 21,058 acres are returned
1750
the south by immigrants from Massachusetts

settlers.
as improved.
Its population in
1860 was 2552

1875, 1879.
in
1865,
and Connecticut, and the northern part by Dutch
2142;
length
in
is,
1870,2083; and
from
in
Its greatest
Among them
were families named Showerman, Blackman,
east to west, about seven
and three-quarters
is
Kinyon, Fregers, Everts, and Sharts.

the early inhabitants
Prominent among
miles, and its width, from north to south,
six
and one-
we
also
mention Martin Krum, Elisha
third miles.
It is centrally distant east
from Hudson about
Hatch,
James Shepard, Jeremiah Shaw, William Orr,
twelve and one-half miles.
Isaac Spalding, Joshua Whitney, Archibald and Robert

its
The
surface
is
generally hilly in
lies
character.
Along
Lamont, William White, Joseph Morehouse, Jared Winslow, Isaac Hatch,
the eastern border of the town
the Taghkanic range of
William Tanner, Nathaniel House, M.D.,
mountains,
its
projecting spurs on the east extending to

line.
and beyond the Massachusetts

range, a fertile valley,
across the town.
At
is
the foot of this
some two miles

part
valleys.
in width,
runs nearly
The northern
made up of broken,
irregular hills
little
and narrow
In the west a pleasant
valley extends
nearly half-way across the town, and

till it
along the southern line a vale of varying width runs

joins the larger valley at Hillsdale village.
The
hills are
generally rounded in form, and arable to their summits,
James Bryan, Gaius Stebbins, Abel Brown, John Pixley, John and David Collin, Paria Foster, Refine Latting, Quincy Johnson, Caleb Benton, M.D., Azariah Judson, John Higgins, William Higgins, Benjamin Birdsall, Ambrose L. Jordan, Abraham Overhiser, Henry Loop, Augustus Tremain, Isaac and Silas Downing, John P. Becker, Christopher W. Miller, Harry Truesdell, Samuel Mallery, Oliver Teall, John Tremaine, Elisha Hatch, John Tyler, Charles McKinstry, John Wager, and families named Hill
and
Bartlett.
It is
though a few of them are rocky and of a precipitous

character.
fine
The highest
points of these hills aflbrd
many
almost
if
not quite impossible to learn anything
and some extensive views.

principal streams of the
definite about these early settlers.
Some
;
of the families
The
town are Green river (a
have become extinct

resentatives
still
some have removed

town
;
some have
rep-
small stream that flows across the northeast corner of the
in
and a few maintain the
line of
town, derives
tinge of
its
its
name from
is
the peculiar transparent green
descent unbroken.
waters, and
it)
;
noted for the number of trout
Prominent among the early

Collin, brothers,
ford,
settlers
were John and David
that frequent
the small brooks that flow across the
and the children of John Collin, of Mil-
east part of the town, and unite to form Roeloff Jansen's
Conn.
Their grandfather, Paul Collin, married Judith
Kill
the head-waters of Copake creek, flowing south in

rills
Vallean, and was driven from France by the religious persecutions of the early years of the eighteenth century.
the western part of the town, and the
that form the
Their
head-waters of Clavcrack creek that

part of the town.
rise in
the northwest
son
John
(1st) married
finally
Hannah Mervin.
He
was a sea-
There are no natural lakes or ponds.

several acres of ground, with a
captain,
and was
in
lo.st
at sea in the year 1746.
John
is
The
reservoir of the Mellenville manufactories, near the
(2d) settled
the western part of Hillsdale, on what
line of Claverack, covers
now known
years,
as the
Higgins farm, where he lived for a few

to the eastern
depth of some twenty feet of water.
and then removed
part of the town,
The town was
originally a
part of the
Van
Rensselaer
a portion of
on the farm now occupied by his grandson, Hon. John F.

Collin.
patent, except the eastern part,
which formed
David Collin occupied the place now owned by Hunt.
the lauds claimed by both Massachusetts and
New
York.
all
Rutsen
John was commissioned
as
captain
by
.
March
12,
1793, the State surrendered
its
claim to
lands actually occupied by settlers.
This enabled some of

but others
all
Governor Tryon, and afterwards held a similar commission from Governor George Clinton. Ho lost one son, Anthony,
in the Revolution.
the inhabitants to obtain

less fortunate
titles
to their farms,
He was
taken prisoner by Sir Henry
were obliged to take leased lands, with
Clinton's troops, and died in captivity in December, 1777,
the odious features of ancient feudalism attached.
aged but seventeen years.

Colonial
David was a lieutenant
in
the
The
soil
is
composed of a variety of combinations of

limestone, and loam, and
is
army during the French war, and

attack
participated in
slate, gravel, chiy,
generally quite
shale,
an
unsuccessful
upon Fort Ticonderoga.
While
productive.
Tiie
prevailing
rocks
are slate,
and
residing in Amenia, Dutchess county, during the Rovolu-
368
RCSIDCNCC OF
GEO
M.
BULLOCK, HillsqalcColumbmCo.NV

tion, his
369
house was attacked and plundered by a band of
robbers,
tortured
who him
treated his funiily with great rudeness
and
old homestead was the place
bought eight hundred acres of the Rensselaer manor. The now occupied by Moses Becker.
nearly to death.
He
died
in
Hillsdale in
1818, aged eighty-four years.

ceeded on the farm by his
John Collin (2d) was sucson John (3d), and he in turn

is
His sons were John, Martin, Jacob, Henry, Peter, Daniel, David died in early life John settled in Columbia county, but in after-years moved to Schoharie
and David.
;
by
his son
John
Francis,
who
the pre.sent proprietor.
Peter went
to
Ohio.
The
others remained
in Columbia.
He
has been a very successful business man, a

life,
nent in public
his fellows.
lature,
and a man of great
man promiinfluence among

Congress.
His daughters were Mrs. Henry Blunt, of Chatham, Mrs. Fite Mesick, of Clavorack, and Mrs. Peter Mull, of Chatham.
In 1833 he was elected

in
to the State Legis-
The second husband of the

St.
last
named was John
and
1844 was
elected
member of
all
In
Mesick.
both of these positions, as well as in

oflSces
the
many minor
are indebted
Judge Krum, of
Sr.,
Louis,
is
a grandson of Martin,
to
which he has been

credit.
called,
he acquitted himself
and a son of Peter.

farms.
in
The
old homestead
built
became several
the
with honor and
To
his kindness
we
diiforent
tion,
The
house,
before
Revolu-
for invaluable aid in gathering the materials for this work.
remained
the family until 1835,
the
last
owner
His brother, Henry A.
Collin,
was prominent
supervisor of
in
town
afFaire,
being Martin
and was
five
times
to
elected
Hillsdale.
In
Wayne
Seneca
Co.
H. Krum, a grandson, now of Fairville, A son of the latter is Dr. Josephus Krum, of
a long time pastor of the Presbyterian
place.
in
1856 he removed
Collin has
Mount Vernon,
:
Iowa.
Hon. John F.
Falls, for
two sons living

is
John
F. lives on the homestead,
church of that
Co., in 1751.
and Quincy J.
gaged
in
a Methodist Episcopal minister,

California,
now
en-
William Jordan was born
North
Castle,
Westchester
teaching in
there.
and
is
also
pastor of a
He was
the
a soldier in the Revolution and

participating
in
Union church
served through
a
war,
the battles
of
Quincy Johnson,
-
prominent early
settler,
was a son of
a
White
Plains and Stillwater.
He
married
Ruth
Ferris,
William and Jane Johnson, of Bridgewater, Mass.,

son of Benjamin and
grandMass.,
of Horse Neck (now Greenwich, Conn.), and came to Hillsdale soon after the close of the war, settling in the
part,
Ruth Johnson, of Hingham,
west
I.
and a great-grandson of Isaac and Abigail Johnson, of the same

place.
on the farm now occupied by his grandson,
Abram
He
was descended from either Isaac or Edward
Jordan.
He
died in 1833.
He
was a farmer, and being
Johnson, both of
whom came
to
Massachusetts with Gov-
something of a military man, was familiarly known as

" Major" Jordan.
ernor Winthrop in 1(330, and were prominent
men
in
the
his
Massachusetts
colony.
He came
to
Hillsdale with
Of
died.
there.
his children,
John
settled in Claverack,
and
in
liis
parents about the close of the last century, and became a
old age
removed
to
Palmyra,
Wayne
Co.,
N. Y., where he
prominent
He
died in
Hillsdale in
William settled near his father
in Hillsdale,
and died
April, 1878, aged

son,
nearly eighty-eight years.
His
eldest
Daniel and Benjamin removed to Palmyra, N. Y.,

at an
Wesley Johnson, spent several years

in the
in Africa, assist-
and died there a few years since was educated

1815, and was a few years
Mesick, of that town.
physician,
advanced age.
in
Abram
ing
worK of
establishing the Liberia colony.
He
went
as a physician, located
later
Claverack about
to
out as physician
to the governor's
family,
and was subse-
married
skillful
Catharine
quently called upon by unforeseen circumstances to himself

discharge the duties of the gubernatorial
office.
He
was a
and successful
He was once
and enjoyed an extensive practice through a
wounded while
assisting in repelling an attack of the natives
professional life of nearly forty years, finally retiring from
upon the colony.
He
devoted his time and money to the

college there for the intellectual
practice in 1852.
He was
a.ssistance
man
in
of irreproachable char-
work of establishing a
so
and
acter and greatly beloved by the people,

his coun.sel
in
who
eagerly sought
moral elevation of the people, and by his strenuous exertions
and
even
his old age.
He
died
weakened
his
system that he
fell
a victim to the malaria of
1855, having
nearly
reached
the
threescore-and-ten
the climate, and had a severe attack of fever.

partially
Recovering
years allotted to man.
Of Ambrose
L. a full biographical
from
it,
he returned
to his
American home, hoping

in estab-
sketch
will
be found elsewhere.
Allen was educated as a
to recuperate
and be enabled
;
to
complete his work
lawyer, and entered upon the practice of his profession at
lishing the college

benefit
but he
failed,
failed to realize the

in
expected
1,
Hudson, where he
most promising of by
ill
at
once took rank among the
first
and
and rapidly
and died
Hillsdale July
his colleagues.
He
was, however, driven
1844, aged thirty-one years.
He
was universally respected

and amihas two sons
health to abandon the practice of the law, and reto
for his talents, scholarly attainments, enterprise,

ability of character.
moved
Plainfield,
III.,
in
1848, where he
still
resides.
Quincy Johnson
still
Rebecca married
Adam Van
Dusen, of Clifton Springs,
living in Hillsdale.
They
are William
Leonard and John

the town are the
Quincy Johnson.
Perhaps the most numerous family
Beckers.
in
She had a large family, N. Y., and removed to that place. and one of her sons, Hon. Ambrose L. Van Dusen, has
represented the
in
first
A.ssembly district of Ontario county
The first of the name in Hillsdale was Peter Becker, who married Mary Southard about 1780. Their son, John P. Becker, married Elizabeth Clum. Philip Becker, who now lives in Hillsdale, was one of the children
of that union.
the Legislature.
ninety-six years.
She died in September, 1877, aged Lucy married James Phillips, of Clav-
erack, and died young.
William White, William Schutt, Paria Foster, Eli Rood,
Martin Krum, from Germany, settled

the year 1745
;
in Hillsdale
about
James Shepard, John Jones, and Henry Speed were soldiers All except the first named were in the Revolutionary war.
living in
the place was then called Nobletown.
He
1840, and were pensioners of the government.
47
370

earliest ministers
NEW
YORK.
to Hillsdale.
The
were Abel Brown, Parla Foster, aod
removed with his family
His children were
Harry Truesdell.
The
first
merchants were Gains Stebbins,
at
Murray's
Corners, where he also kept an inn, and Elisha Hatch, at
Green River.
named Eve, Phranaca, Caspar, George, Conrad, Elizabeth, Abram, Mary, and Barnett. Barnett succeeded his father on the homestead, which is now occupied by his .son, AmJohn H. Overhiser, of Hudson, is a brose L. Overhiser.
son of George Overhiser.
The
first
inns were kept by Gains Stebbins, at Murray's
Corners, by Parla Foster, at Hillsdale, and by
James Bryan,
It
This town was formed as a district March 20, 1782.
where Dr. H. Cornell now
lives.
had previously been a part of Claverack.
It
was recog-
The
date,
earliest
first
saw-mills and grist-mills were built at a very early

is
nized as a town
terlitz
March
off.
7, 1788.
In 1818 a part of Aua-
and their history
lost
in
oblivion.
Among
the
was taken
now known of were a grist-mill where Wheeler's saw-mill now stands a saw and grist-mill where Philip a saw and Becker's saw and planing-mill now stands
; ;
Its
name
is
supposed to have been derived from the pe-
culiar conformation of the surface, sion of hills and dales.
which
is
a varied succes-
From the orthography given the

it
grist-mill
about one and a half miles above the Becker

;
name
that
Hill,
title.
it
in early times, " Hill's Dale,"
seems quite possible
mill, on the Roelofl^ Jansen's Kill

ville,
and a mill near Harlemstand.

" SpafiFord's
might have been named

is
in
honor of some one named
where the Richmond Mills now
but the other
the generally accepted origin of the
Gazetteer,'' published in 1813, says that there
were then
in
the town (which included part of the present town of Austerlitz) " eleven grist-mills, ten saw-mills,
From
found
it
the fact that no records previous to 1847 can be

is
four fulling-mills,
impossible to give any prominence to the early
and four carding-machines."
civil history,
and the
lists
of officers are also very imperfect

is
Among
the
first
fulling-mills
were three on the Roeloff
because of
it.
The
to ''et
following
:
the most perfect
list
we
Jansen's Kill,
in
the Collin neighborhood.

site
One
of the
first
have been able
carding-machines was near the
of the 'Bailey mill, and
another near the present Wheeler mill.

Refine Latting was the
first
TOWN
SiiprTi8ora.
OFFICERS.
CoIIectnre.
tanner and currier in town.
He
lived a little west of the village,

first
and also kept au
inn.
1786-90. Jainos Bryan. 1791-99. C. McKinstry.

1800-8.
Town Clerks Record lost.
Record
lost.
Jared Winslow, probably the
blacksmith, resided, and
had a shop,
at
Green River.
in
The
first
and only furnace

It
is
town was built by Philip

to the
Becker, about 1835.
a small one, devoted

It is
Samuel Mallery. 1809-11. Ebenezer Soule. B.Williams. 1812. 1813-U. William Tanner.
1817.
making of plow
castings and custom work.
now owned
1815-16. J. C. Olmstead.
Edward Bagley.
by a Mr. Vosburgh.
1818-22. Jos. Morehouse.

settle
The
Baker,
first
lawyer to
in
Hillsdale was
Thomas K.
him came
his death.
1823-24.
Wm.
Jordan, Jr.
who came about
1820.
He
remained a few years, and
1825-27. Jos. Morehouse.

1828.
1829-.'!0.
then removed to western

Russell G. Dorr,
New
York.
in
Soon
Amos M. Knapp.
Jos. Morehouse.
after
till
who remained
the town
1831-32. Henry Loop.

1833-34. Quincy Johnson.
Martin H. and Harriet Dorr, of

children.
tliLs
town, are two of his
1835-36. Samuel Judson.
The
first post-ofiBce
was kept by Refine Latting, and was

village.
1837-43. John F. Collin.

1844-45. A.A.Spickerman.
1846. Joseph P. Dorr. 1847. 1848.
about a half-mile west of Hillsdale

plied with
stages.
It
was sup-
mail by means of the
Hudson and Hartford
Thomas K. Bakei
Henry A.
Collin.
iSenson bimpson.
Peter 0. Becker.
The
earliest physicians
were Nathaniel House and Caleb
1849.
1S50.
John T. Snyder.
"
Benton.
1851.
Edgar M. Knot.
George W. Bushncll. Benson Simpson. Peter M. Becker.

D.ivid Bushnell.
Another early and widely-known physician was Dr. Abra-
1852. John H. Overhiser.

1853. 1854.
ham
Jordan, afterwards of Claverack.
He
was commis-
Peter 0. Becker.
sioned a surgeon in Ten Brocck's brigade during the war of
Henry A.
Collin.
Lewis Haywood, Jr.

George L. Palmer.
Nicholas C. Tyler.
1855. William P. .Stickle.
Walter Dorchester.
Albert G. Stillman.
1812-15.
Previous to the settlement by the whites this section was
1856. 1857.
Henry A. Collin. Ralph Judson.
William Foster.
much frequented by the Indians. One for many years after the whites came in.
last
family lived here
1858. Joseph P. Dorr. 1859.
Wm.
P. Mattison.
Lorenzo Gilbert.
About 1810 the

to
Henry
Cornell.
Moses Jones.
Cornelius G. Becker.
1860. Stephen B. Barteau. William H. Jenks.

1.S61.
remnants of the aborigines,
in
the persons of two of
that race
who were named Paul and Phoebe, removed

is
1862.
1863. Austin Morey.
George .\I. Foster. William Foster.
Peter Humphrey.
Stephen Sharts.
the western part of this State.

post near what
There was an old trading-
A. Frank B. Chace. Chas.
W. Hcgermon.
now
1864.
called
Murray's Corners, and an old
Theoph. Dimmick.
.\Iexandcr Snyder.
1S65.
1866.
John H. Overhiser.
Henry
Cornell.
Hiram Winslow.
Willi.ira Albert.
fort once stood near the old
burying-ground near Levi Coon's
residence.
Three brothers named Overhiser emigrated from

to
1867. Peter B. Hollenbeck. Dewitt N.
Martin H. Garner. Rowe.
Henry
L.
Becker.
Germany
son
America about 1750.
One of them, named

His
1868. 1869.
1870.
"
"
Cornell.
Porter A. Becker.
Barnett, settled near Stamford, in Dutchess county.
Htnry
"
Grosvenor A. Knox
Benj. Ostrander.
Henry Duncan.
William H. Woodin.
Abraham married
Elizabeth Eighmey, and in
1810
1871. Chas. H. Downing.
Photoa. by F. Forehew, Hudson.
<^.
y^^^;^.^<^^^^lt.^^<^/
^^^^^^^^^-^^-^^ î^t^^-^-u.^^
Elisha W. Bitshnell was born

dale,
in the
town of
Hills-
he was married
of Hillsdale.
Originally a
to
Emma,
daughter of Dr. Benjamin House,
Columbia
Co.,
N. Y., Dec. 27, 1818.

in
His grandfather,
George Bushnell, was born
Saybrook, Conn., whence he
Whig
in politics, he
became a Republican
In 1854 he was
emigrated to Hillsdale at the age of eighteen, and settled
on the formation of the

elected to the Legislature,
latter party.
on the adjoining farm west of the present Bushnell homestead.
and served the succeeding term
He
had
six
children,
among whom was John

the father of Elisha
at
with credit.
Bushnell, the second son,
who was
Mr. Bushnell has been a thoroughgoing and enterprising

farmer.
W.
Bushnell, whose
name stands
the
head of
this
He
has not only surrounded himself and family
article.
with the conveniences and comforts of a most desirable

his father
to
John Bushnell was born on the farm where

first settled,
home, but has acquired a competence of and has been

liberal in
this world's goods,
Sept. 26,
1789; married Sept. 26, 1810,

;
the use of his means for the higher
Loxea Lay, of Westbrook, Conn.

tion, a
was a farmer by occupa-
aims and objects of
life.
man
of energy and enterprise, and highly esteemed
Mr. and Mrs. Bushnell have had

of
five children,
only two
for
his
excellent character.
He
had ten children,
all
whom
are living, viz.
Sarah E., wife df Mr. A. F.
of
whom
Elisha
reached
maturity, and six of
whom
are
now
Park, of Otsego county, farmer, now residing in Hillsdale
living.
and George V. Bushnell, a graduate of Yale College in
W.
is
the fifth child of
John Bushnell.
in
He
was
at
1874, and since then engaged chiefly in teaching as an

occupation.
brought up on the farm, and educated

the
his
boyhood
common
schools.
In the
fall
of 1839 he settled on the
Mr. Bushnell has been an
active
member of
the Columbia
office
place he
now
occupies, afterwards purchasing the interest
County Agricultural Society
since 1842,
and held the
of
hb
brother George.
On
the 18th of September, 1840,
of president of the same from 1850 to 1855.

Town Clerks. Collectors. M. Bullock. Grosvenor A. Kn X. Peter V.Snyder. Peter M. Becker. .John n. Hubbard. Alfred Curtis. James K. Gorsline. John L. Duntz. Freeland Pulver. Rutsen Hunt. M. D. Van Tassel. Charles Clarson. John Q. Johnson. George W. Becker. Leri Zeh. Allen Sheldon. " Napoleon Benedict.
Saperrisore.
NEW YORK.
371
1872. George 1873. 1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
The
electio'
justices of the peace appointed in

till
Hillsdale from
the organization of the town
the law authorizing their

fall
by the people went
into effect, in the
of 1827,
first
were as
follows, the dates being the
beginning of their
and
last
terms of continuous service:
1786-1801. Jacob Ford.
NEW
YORK.
;
;;

was worked for a time by the Hillsdale Iron Mining ComIt is now owned by Since 1874 it has lain idle.
J. B. Ireland, of
Thomas
secretary
S.
;
Hayes, vice-president
Ambrose L.
Overhiser,
pany-
Austin Morey, treasurer and
superintendent
New
York.
is
Allen B. Downing, Egbert House, Grosvenor F. Stickles, on the lands of
The second and southernmost bed

Samuel and Stephen
Mitchell.
It
John White,
Orville
McAlpine, Austin Morey, George M.
was
first
opened about
Bullock, A. L. Overhiser, Grosvenor A.
Knox,
trustees.
1800, but has not been worked
fur several years.
Near Hillsdale there were two small burial-grounds, com-
menced
CEMETERIES.
In early times the dead were buried
buryiM;j-i.'rouiids,
in
a little before
ISOO, which became so
full
that
it
necessitated the providing of another cemetery, and on
Nov.
private or family
28, 1865, a meeting was held at the Moihodist Episcopal
of which there were over forty in this

these, being conveniently located,
church
in
Hillsdale,
and the " Hillsdale Rural Cemetery

fol-
town.
Some of
grew
to
Association" was organized, and incorporated with the
considerable size, but most of

obliterated,
them have been

rolled on.
in
neglected,
lowing board of trustees: Quincy Johnson, John F. Collin, Morris
and forgotten as the years

the older cemeteries
Among
now
existence are the
M. Biainard, Quincy Collin, John Q. Johnson, Henry Burton, Horace G. Westlake, A. Frank B. Chacc,
ones at North Hillsdale and at Green River.
The
latter is
situated on the south bank of the brook that empties into
the Green river at that place.
It is called the
Hatch buryingoldest stones
ground, and has been somewhat encroached upon by a
Edward L. Snyder. The first officers were Morris M. Brainaid, president Henry Burton, vice-president Walter B. Ten Broeck, secretary George Sornborger, treasurer. The cemetery lot
;
;
change
in
the course of the stream.
The
consists of about five
and one-fourth
for
acres,
and was purIt lies

in
:t
containing any inscription are slabs of slate rudely carved,
chased of Dr. Henry Cornell
$1200.
and many of them much broken and defaced.

inscriptions
The
oldest
pleasant location about one-half mile northeast of Hillsdale

village,
now
to
be found read as follows,
viz.
and
is
well fenced
and graded, and
good supply
is
" Mrs. Isabel, wife of Mr. Elisha Hutch, died July 23d, 1767, in her
4.1d ycftr."
of shade-trees have been set out.

into four
The ground
plots,
divided
fine
hundred and forty-four
and numerous
" Mr. Elish:i Uatoh, died April 15th, 1770." " Mary, wife of Mr. James Steveson, died Jan. 1st, 17S3." " Lieut. Willard Shepard, died March 2d, 1784."
monuments and headstones have been placed in them. The as.=ociation owns a fine hearse, which was the gift of Mrs.
Eveline Johnson.
There
is
a hearse-house and a receiving-
The North
Hillsdale cemetery
was originally one acre of
vault in the cemetery grounds.
ground, set apart by the patroon
Van
Rensselaer for a bury-
The
ing-ground for his tenants.

successive purchases until
it
It has been enlarged
by three
Peter J. Becker, vice-president;

secretary
;
John Q. Johnson, president Walter B. Ten Broeck,

;
now
It
contains about four acres

side-hill,
Owen Bixby,
treasurer
John Q. Johnson, Peter

Cornell, Cortse
of ground, pleasantly situated on a sloping, rolling
J. Becker,
Walter B. Ten Broeck, Henry
with a southeastern exposure.
is
well fenced
and shaded.
Shutts, Philip Becker, George Sornborger, P. B. Ilollen-
Among
the oldest stones bearing inscriptions

:
we
find the
bcck, Quincy Johnson,* trustees.
following, viz.
Robert, Archibald, and Phoebe Laniont,

;
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OP HILLSDALE.

This church was organized August 16, 1831, by Rev.
buried respectively jn 1789, 1795, and 1799
three Tealls,
the Christian names undecipherable, one dated
1769 and
another 1795.
"Lieut. Robert, sun
1780."
to
Mr. William and Mrs. Hope Orr, died Feb.
Timothy Woodbridge, of Green River, assisted by Rev. Gardner Hayden, of Egremont, and Rev. Leonard B. VanIt was then composed of fourteen memdyke, missionary.
bers,
"
" 1779."
Spalding, died June

g,
17S2, in ye 5B year of his age."
whose names were Jehiel Anable, Laban
J. Ayles-
son to Jeremiah and Abigail Shaw,
June 20th,
worth, Bethia Nooney, Lydia Bristol, Cornelia Kenneda,
" Thomas, son of Ensign Joshua and Mrs. Hannah Whitney, died
March
20th, 1771."
The
olde.st
and most ornate of
all is still in its
a good state
Nancy Knapp, Sylvia Vosburgh, Eliza Van Deusen, Mary Aylesworth, Nancy M. Knapp, Nancy M. Nooney, Cynthia Van Deusen, Susannah M. Van Deusen, Charlotte WilThe eight first named joined on profession of faith, liams.
while the others presented
letters
of preservation, and was evidently in
day considered a
It reads,
from the churches of
very pretentious piece of workmanship.

" In
which they were formerly members.

Jehiel Anable and L. J. Aylesworth were chosen as the
!
memory
of Lieutcna
It
Thomas Whitney, who
died Ju
26th,
first elders,
1767, in his 38th year."
and
also to
perform the duties of deacons.
The
This cemetery was incorporated Nov. 27, 1865, with the
following officers:
ident, Orville
site
first
house of worship was erected on the present

It
in
1832.
was a frame building, whose dimensions

feet,
President, Nathaniel
;
House; Vice-Pres-
were thirty-six by forty-eight
and cost 2000.

at a cost of
In
McAlpinc
F.
Secretary, Major
M. Bullock;
Egbert
House,
1850
and
in
it
was repaired and remodeled,

it
S1800,
an
in
Treasurer,
Cyrenus
Tyler;
Superintendent,
1877
was thoroughly repaired and
refitted, at
House
Trustees,
Jackson
Palmer,
Nathaniel
expen.se of nearly S1700.
The parsonage was

It
built
George M. Bullock, Orville McAlpinc, Cyrenus F. Tyler, Richard Bartlett, Ambrose L. Overhiser, Grosveuor A.
1857, on lands purchased of Theodore Nash.
was built
This
under contract by Philip Becker, and cost $1600.
Knox, Egbert House. The present officers
are
Major M. Bullock, president;
John FCoujh.
Residence of
J.
COLLIN,J)illsd>ili:.ColumbiaCo,N.Y'.

was exclusive of the
ation of the church
at
site
NEW
place,
YORK.
which was sold about 1841i2.
in connection with the
373
and some work done on the foun-
the
Downing
The
Meth-
dations before the lot was purchased.
The
present valu-
second house of worship in the central part of the town
and parsonage
is
respectively estimated
for the parsonage
was a Union church, owned

odists.
$3000
for
the church and
$2000
This was torn down, and the present
edifice erected
total,
85000.
pastors
in the order
in the
summer and
fall
of 1839.
The
dedication occurred
The
of their ministrations have
on the 27th of November of that year.
This building cost
been Revs.
Amos W.
Seeley, George R. Entler,
Winthrop
85000.
parsonage was built in 1835, and this having

of, in
H. Phelps, Joseph N. McGifert. John

S.
The
pulpit has also been
been disposed
1844 another one was procured.

is
The
supplied for longer or shorter periods by Revs. Mr. Osborn,
present valuation of the entire church property
84000.
Himrod, Robert
W.
Landis, J.
W.
Larimorc, L.
Mitchell, J.
M.
Gates, Joshua Collins,
Millard, J.
H.
F. Grimes, and
James A. Clark, who has been connected

to
with the church since June, 1877.
The first Thomas ComPalmer, John Tyler, Amos Knox, William Knox. mencing with fourteen members, the church grew iu numThe church became
incorporated in 1838.
trustees were elected previously, in 1835, and were
The church has had much

maintained
its
contend against, and has

in the face
bers until, in 1817, there were one hundred and ninety-two
existence
throughout
of
many
how-
members, which
is
the highest
number yet
attained.
The
In
dUcouragiug and unfavorable circumstances.

ever, steadily increased in
It has,
largest increase in
any one year was
sixty-six, in 1817.
numbers, and (what few of our

is
the
fall
of 1837 there was an extensive work of grace, by

to the
modern churches can boast)
practically free
from debt.
which forty-three were added
church
and again,
in
The membership
females
;
at present is
seven males and forty-one
November, 1842, over

into fellowship.
thirty were baptized
and received
total, forty -eight.

:
The present officers are as follows, viz. Trustees, Walter B. Ten Broeck, Elisha W. Bushnell, John E. McAlpine, Edward Best, Henry L. Coon Elders (who also act as
;
At different times the church has licensed some of its members to preach the gospel. Among them were Charles Truesdell, Lyman Palmer, Rodney Gilbert, and Albert
Knox.
deacons), Walter B.
Ten Broeck, Levi Coon.

at times
One of
these,
Lyman
Palmer, was ordained to the
There has been a Sabbath-school

entire existence of the church.
during the
years
it
For the
present
last three
is
work of the ministry on the 20th of February, 1845. The ordination was an interesting occasion, and the meeting
has
been
continuous.
The membership
is
now about
seventy-five.
Levi Coon
the
superintendent
;
The ordination sermon was preached by lasted two days. Rev. John E. La Grange, from 2d Corinthians iv. 7 " But
:
Walter B. Ten Broeck, assistant superintendent

S.
Thomas
;
we have
L. Gros,
this trea.sure in earthen vessels, that the excellency
Hayes, secretary
assistant
Arthur Wagoner,
librarian
Walter two
of the power
may
be of God, and not of us."
Revs. H.
Lambert,
librarian.
The
library
contains
M.
L. Fuller, Stephen Jones, H. Cornwell, B. C.
hundred and twenty-four volumes.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF HILLSDALE.
This church, known more generally at the present time
as the
Crandall, S.
Hatch, L. Sellick, J.
W.
Starkweather also
participated in the ceremonies of the occasion.
The deacons have been James Martin, Ambrose

28,
Latting,
Squire Sherwood, William West, Samuel West, Oliver Teall,
" East Baptist
Church," was organized

Stephen Gano.
May
Martin
Spencer,
John
Tyler,
Thomas Palmer, Matthew

Major M.
relations
1787, by Revs. John and

fourteen persons
the society.
Jr.,
There were
Palmer, Major M. Bullock, Hiram S. Brown, Warren G.
who entered into covenant and constituted They were James and Phoebe Martin Caleb,
; ;
Wiley, Nathaniel
House, Orville McAlpine.
Bullock and Orville McAlpine are the present deacons.
and Anna Woodward
William, Jr., and Rosannah

Griffin
The
Samuel
ministers
who have
sustained
pastoral
West; Ambrose and Joanna Latting; Wilde

Tlie
;
and Anna
with the church are Revs. Stephen Gano, Abel Brown,

S. Mallory, John D. Hart, Enos Marshall, Samuel Wood, Philip Roberts, Horace Spencer, Peter Prink, John E. La Grange, Stephen Jones, 0. H. Capron, Eli W. Brownell, Samuel Pomeroy, Ethan Palmer, Henry F.
Ruth Jordan, Esther

first
Terry,
Lucy Loop, Sarah
Martin.
church-meeting was held June 23, 1787, and

elected deacon
first
James Martin was

church
clerk.
and Ambrose Latting
The
church was built on the three
Cochrane, Edwin Beardsley, C. F. Duganne.

Bates,
Ferris,
Revs.
corners, near
the present residence of G. P. Stickle, by
and
Lyman Palmer
times.
also
preached for
Ambrose
Latting,
who agreed
till
to finish
it
on the outside
it.
the church at different

is
and wait on the church
they were able to pay for

finally finished
This was done, and the church was

1798.
Its entire cost is
off in
At present the church The present trustees are George M. Bullock, Grosvenor A. Knox, and D. C. Palmer.
not supplied with a pastor.
supposed
to
have been about S800.

for
Ezra
J. Beardsley
is
the church clerk.

its
The work of
finishing was
done by Albert Foster,
65.
In the ninety years of

scribed
existence the church has in-
church was
also built in the west part of the
town, on
upon
it."
rolls
the names of seven hundred and two
the site of the present
West church, and
this
became the
a division
individuals, of
whom
one hundred and forty-three have been
property of the second church in 1803,

occurred, and the
when
West church was formed.
This building
removed by death, and three hundred and fifty-six have The present membership is been dismissed by letter.
about
forty-five.
was erected some time between 1792 and 1802, but the
date and cost are not
now known.
At
in
a later date the
church united with the Methodists
the erection of a
In June, 1803, a division occurred, growing out of a difference of opinion in a case of discipline, and thirty-five
house of worship, in the northwest part of the town, near
members withdrew and formed the
"
West Church."
In

374
1806 the

society ia the northwest, part of the town,
NEW YORK.
known
number
as the Second Baptist church of Hillsdale, abandoned their
are
separate organization, and in a body
united with
rated,
twenty-six in
this church.
The present ofiicers John Krick, Carl Steurwald, Conrad Usncr, Valentine Steitz, and Werner Spengler. The ministers who have preached at this point are Revs.
Carl Steurwald, and Jacob Christman.
Philip Steitz,
P. Seuel, Carl J. Renz, Fr. Leddin, U. Berne, and C. A.
SECOND BAPTIST CHtTRCn OF HILLSDALE.

In the year 1803 the Baptist church of Hillsdale sepa-
Stoepel, the
present pastor,
who has
ministered
is
to
this
people
since
1876.
The
present
membership
about
and
thirty-five of its
members formed the
"
West
twenty-two, and the Sunday-school has a membership of
Church."
Their names were Samuel, Elizabeth, and HanSquire
about
forty.
nah West,
Abigail, and
and Olive Sherwood, Nathaniel and
Esther Terry, William West,
Sr., James B. Roe, Richard, Mary Kinyon, Jacob and Lucretia Van De
HILLSDALE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Owing
added
to the fact that this in
church was one of the

its
earliest
Boe, John and Sarah Talmadge, James, John, Catharine,
of this denomination
interest,
the county
history possesses an
trials,
Twiss, Ezra Brockway,

Sr.,
Jemima, and Christina Van Dusen, John Hatch, Benjamin Ruth and Sally Jordan, Ruth Ferris,
Elizabeth Orr,
and indicates some of the

opposition
hardships,
and stubborn
which
marked the infancy of

and the way seemed
Hannah
Curtis,
Prudence
Bullis, Sally
and Barsheba Clement.

on the
first
Jemima Thome, Catharine Simpson, They were constituted a church

Sering, Elizabeth Beebe,
Methodism
in
America.
Other denominations either were
coldly indifferent or in open opposition,
hedged about with impassable barriers and obstructions

that could not be
Friday in June, by a council
composed of
Barnes, Leland,
removed or overcome.
other denominations.
in this vicinity
But through
all
Revs. Jeduthan Gray, Samuel Wood,

Pettit,
the church has passed successfully, and achieved a promi-
Smith,
Ferris,
Lee,
nent rank
among
and
Hull, associated with lay brethren
from their
The
first
meeting
was held by Rev. Wil-
respective churches.
liam Swaze, in the house of Mr. Isaiah Esmond, a short

distance south of Hillsdale village, in the present town of
The
before
first
house of worship was erected before the beginit
ning of the present century, by the church as

the
division.
existed
it
Copake.
This was
in the year
1807.
This
first
meeting
stands
The deed of the site on which was dated 1792. The present church building
thirty-six
was followed by two others, and Rev.

no
effect
at
which Rev. D. Ostrander
W. Fradenburg
preached, but seemed to produce
dimensions
by thirty-six
feet
is
is
said
to
have
upon the people, but a few of

the published " Narratije"
in
whom came
to at-
been erected by Refine Latting, and

tion,
yet in good condi-
tend the service.
it needs repairing. The society was incorpoJune 1, 1833. The ministry of this church has been composed of the following, viz., Revs. John Gano, Calvin Philo, John D. Hart, Orchard, Samuel Pomeroy, Milo Tiemaine, Samuel S. Mallory, Peter Prink, John W. Van Horn, J.
though
From
of William
Swayze,
rated
which he prepared and published

quent meetings which resulted
1839, we make the
following extract, which gives his account of the subsein the
formation of a church.
the
He
in
says, " I
made
a second trial,
when
enemy arrayed
formidable phalanx around the house.
We
were sud-
W.
Starkweather,
Martin L.
Fuller,
Daniel
Robinson,
denly attacked by a volley of stones dashing against the

house.
omon
William Garnett, John E. La Grange, John H. Kent, SolGale, William I. Loorais, James A. Metz, James W.
One of
the
company stood
'
at the
I'
hallooing, repeating,
You
are a liar
it a.s
window near me However unpleasI
Grant, and Daniel
W. Sherwood,
the present pastor.
ant at the time, I considered
a favorable symptom.
In 1854 a new church was built at Martindale Depot,
therefore gave out another appointment, which was attended
and the two
services of the pastor are
now divided between
the
by a
large, respectable congregation
from the neighborhood

as a
text,
places.
of the Hudson turnpike. door was shut.'
named
And
the
notable revival occurred in the winter of 1841-42, by

pei-sons
Matt. xxv. 10.
All was deep attention.

seat.
which seventy-one
were added
to the
church.
I closed, dismissed,
and took
my
Having no
colleague,
direc-
further description of this organization will be found in
tions to leave an appointment for
my
and being
the history of the town of Claverack.
rather at a loss to
know my own
duty, having abundant
GERMAN
work elsewhere,
I sat a
few minutes thinking this matter
EVA.VGELICAL
LU^niEllAN
CHUIICII.
(ST.
I.MMANUEL's)
seats.
In the year 1870 the congregation of the church of
St.
John,
it
in the
town of Ghent, was divided, and the part of
located in the vicinity of Harlemville formed a
new
soci-
when I discovered the congregation remained on their I named to them my hesitancies, and concluded by saying I would come again if there was a prospect of doing good and I knew of no better way to test this matter than for such as felt desirous to seek religion to come forward
over,
;
ety,
under the name of "
St.
Immanuel's,"
feet,
and
built
and give
me
their names,
and
would pray
for them.
frame church, thirty by forty
costing S1852.
in
Tiiis
Colonel Peaksly's lady then came through the crowd, and

said,
'
church was completed
in
1873, and dedicated
the sumIt stands
Sir, will
you take
mer, by Rev. Mr. Haeger, of Pittsfieid, Mass.

road to Green River.
the congregation, and
.said,
my name ?' She then Come, my neighbors,

' ;
addressed
it is
high
near the fourth three corners, east from Harlemville, on the
time we changed our manner of living
not a professor
The
first
society was incorporated
June
among
Let
us
us, raising families
without the fear of God.
Let
10, 1871, at a meeting presided over by
Jacob Gearing and

Steitz,
us set an example.
You
are only waiting one for another.
Philip Steitz.
The
trustees
were Valentine
now
set
out together.'
These statements were
ffESIDENCE or
J. p.
DORR. jflLLSDALC, NEW VOHH

in a style of native eloquence
NEW
YORK.
375
which would seem
self-suffi-
commencing the
third year of his pastoral labors in connec-
cient to
ter
wake up the sympathy of angels, when her daughsister,
tion with this church.
Previous
to
1832, the pulpit was
and
with some eight or ten of her most respectable

their names.
supplied by the preachers on the Salisbury circuit, except the
neighbors,
came forward and gave me
In
ar-
conclusion I gave out another appointment.

rival
On my
found six of the number happily converted.
remained with them, preaching every night, about ten

days, and organized a class of thirty members."
The
lady here mentioned was Anna, wife of Colonel
John
when it was an appointment on the Ghent The preachers fi-om 1821 to 1831, inclusive, were Revs. Coles Carpenter, Lucius Baldwin, Timothy Benedict, Parmelee Chamberlain, David Miller, John Lovejoy, Samuel Eighmey, Phineas Cook, Billy Hibbard, Noah Bigelow, Q. Stewart, Arnold Scholefield, Elbert Osborn, and John
years 1830-31,
circuit.
Pixley, not Peaksly.
Alley.
From
this extract
we
learn
some of the circumstances

of Methodism
surrounding
the introduction
among
the
this
The present membership is about one hundred and twenty. The officers are as follows, viz. Trustees, H. G. West:
rough and somewhat lawless people who then inhabited

region.
lake,
Leonard Johnson, Owen Bixby, William Coon, Geo.

;
After the class was formed

houses
built,
till
it
continued to worship
Burton
Stewards, H. G. Westlake, William Coon, Alan-
in private
the
summer
of 1811,
when the
It
first
son D. Apley, Winthrop Tipple, John Williams,
Henry
Philip
church was
on lands donated by Parla Foster.
was
Loring, Frank Johnson, A. F. Park
Exhorter,
a frame building, unfinished on the inside, and supplied with seats formed of slabs laid with their ends resting upon
logs laid
Becker.
There was a Sabbath-school established

the
following
officers
:
in
1828-29, -with
president
;
upon the
floor.
This church stood upon the
hill
Rev.
Noah
;
Bigelow,
back of and a
little
northwest of the present school-house.
Adonijah Bidwell, vice-president

tary
;
Harry Truesdall,
secreIt
is
In this rude structure the voices of the pioneer itinerants
Parla Foster, treasurer
and three managers. and
resounded among the uncovered
rafters,
and woke the
now
in a flourishing condition,
having a membership of one

officers
slumbering echoes, as well as the conscience of many a hard-
hundred
scholars,
and twenty-two
teachers.
It
ened sinner
into activity
and
life.
This continued until
has a fine library of choice and well-selected books, numbering about three hundred volumes.
1845, when the present church was built, under contract,

at a cost of
The

assistant
83000, exclusive of the
site
and foundations.
It has
Noyes
Bristol,
;
superintendent
William Coon,
The
site
was donated by Seymour Foster.
been
re-
superintendent
Flavia Bristol, temporary superintendent

;
paired once at a moderate expense.
In 1836, Parla Foster

streets
Frank Johnson, secretary

den Williams, librarian
;
George Johnson, treasurer
Al-
gave a
lot
on the corner of South and Cold Water
Thomas
Miller, assistant librarian.
as a site for a parsonage,
and a commodious house was
erected thereon, by the gift of the
members of the church.

in
NORTH HILLSDALE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This class
11, though
is
In 1842 this house was burned, and another one was erected
in its stead.
supposed to have been formed about 1810-
This building remained
use until a year or
it is pos-sible it
may
not have been earlier than
two
since,
when the new.
one, adjoining the church lot on
1815.
It consisted of about ten Bartlett,
members, among
whom
the south, was built and presented to the society by Mrs. Flavia Bristol, she taking in exchange the old parsonage.
were Richard
M.D., Abraham Overhiser, Aaron
Shaw, Mr. Burtiss, and Peggy Pierce.
The
new one was about 84000, and included the furnishing of the entire house. The present valuation of
cost of the
The
church.
first
church building was erected
in
company with
house
the Baptist society, and stood on the site of the Baptist
the entire church property
is
placed at 810,000.
in
In 1837
it
was decided
to erect a separate
Among
Foster,
the prominent
members
the
first
years of the
of worship.
The
site
was chosen near the North Hillsdale

It
church's existence
may be mentioned
Parla Foster, Phoebe
cemetery, and the present church building erected.

dedicated late in the
fall
was
Ruth
Collin,
Quincy Johnson, John Jones, Mrs.
of 1838, Rev. Benjamin Griffin,
John Jones, Duncan Thompson, Mrs. Duncan Thompson, Mr. and Mrs. Eighmy. The great revival connected with the history of the church
occurred in
presiding elder, preaching the discourse.
The work was

In
done by Philip Becker, and the cost was about 83500.
1859
it
was repaired and enlarged by the addition of a
1832.
It
was sweeping
in
its
nature, and
fifty
porch and tower, at a cost of about 81500.

valuation
is
The present
reached every class of the community.

converted.
About
were
$4000.
The
The
society
was incorporated under

were Nicholas C.
the general statute, Jan. 22, 1838, as the " Weslcyan Chapel
The
pastors of the church, as near as can
tained, in the order of their service, were,
now be ascercommencing with
of North Hillsdale."
first
trustees
Tyler, Barnett Overhiser, Allen Gildei'sleeve, Barnctt BurtLss,
the year 1832, Revs. Elbert Osborne, Richard Hayter, Ed-
and Levi Pierce.
In 1859 the church passed through
ward
S. Stout, S. L. Stillman,
D. B. Ostrander, J. Carley,
a wonderful period of refreshing, in the course of which
W.
Lull,
Richard
Wymond,
Oliver V.
Amerman, Thomas
upwards of eighty persons professed conversion, and the
Edwards, Charles C. Keyes, Thomas Bainbridge,

Brewer, John A.
Sillick,
W. W,
membership of the church was

present
largely
increased.
The
Duvid L. Marks, Lucius H. King,
membership
pastors since
is
about
are
fifty
or sixty.
to that
William Ostrander, Alexander H. Ferguson, Henry Cox,
The
list
1839
known, but previous
Marvin R. Lent, H. B. Mead, James N. Shaffer, Charles S. Brown, L. W. Walsworth, Oliver V. Amerman, Henry
time cannot be ascertained.

as
The
following
:
is
as perfect a
we have been
able to obtain, viz.
Revs.
Albert
H. Birkins, William
Coons, and
S.
Bouton, Abraham Davis, Alfred
Nash, George Brown, William Keys, Thomas Bainbridge,
W.
E. Clark, the present pastor,
who
is
now
McK. Bangs, Charles C. W. W. Brewer, John A. Sillick,
NEW
YORK.
376
exander H. Ferguson, Henry Cox, John

R. Lent, Josiah L. Dickerson,
David L. Marks, Lucius H. King, William Ostrander, AlW. Jones, Marvin
HARLEJIVILLE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHDBOH.

Previous to the year 1822 stated religious meetings were
held in the vicinity of Harlemville in barns, school-houses,
W.
L. Winans, E. B. Shurter,
Henry
B. Birkins,
W.
J. Ives,
David B. Turner, Edward
Ashton, Nathan Hubbell, J. H. Champion, William Hall,

E. H. Roys, J. H. Lane, 0. P. Crandall.
The
ing,
present o65cers of the church are Peter B. Hollcn-
and private dwellings. About 1822 a class was formed, among whom we find were Zedick Knapp, Eben Mallery, Eben Soule, William Sawyer, Abraham Winn, Daniel Downing, David Downing, Elias Downing, John Richmond, Peleg
beck, Jackson Palmer,
John
S.
White, Henry
W. DownS.
Richmond, Perez
Palmer.
David A. Nichols, Austin Morey, John
Shutts,
Richmond, George Richmond, Harry Richmond, Martin Spencer, Martin Terry, and Thomas
Allen B. Downing,
Homer
;
TraiTord, trustees
David A.
S.
Nichols, Austin Morey, Jackson Palmer,
John
White,
The
funeral of Presiding Elder Moriatty,
who
an
died very
Homer
and
Trafford, stewards
Homer
Trafford,
class-leader
suddenly on
Friday morning previous
to
appointed
clerk.
quarterly meeting, was held in the barn of Daniel Downing,
For a number of years a Sabbath-school has been maintained, with
one of the oldest Methodists of In the year 1822 the

first
this vicinity.
built,
an average attendance of about twenty-five.
church was
on lands doIt
The pre.sent officers are Homer Trafford, superintendent John S. Shutts, assistant superintendent; Mary Downing,
female superintendent;
nated for the purpose by Stephen Richmond.
was built
east of
by Alexander Rowley, and stood about two miles

Harlemville.
Baptists, and
It
Frank Downing, secretary; Dorr
was a Union church, owned

called the "
in part
by the
was a
Mitchell, librarian and treasurer.
was
Downing Church."
forty
feet,
fall
It
frame building, thirty-six
by
and cost about

of 1822, the
WEST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CUCRCH OF HILLSDALE.

Previous to the organization of a class there was occasional preaching in the west part of the
$1000.
The
society
dedication was held in the
ceremonies being conducted by Rev. George Coles.
The
ards.
became incorporated Jan.
4,
1854, at a meet-
town by preachers
ing presided over by Aaron Hunt, Jr., and Joseph Rich-
from Hudson, Hillsdale, and other
places.
The
first
board of trustees elected at that meeting
others at
among Knapp school-house and the residences of Augustus Reed and Thomas Heywood. The class was a small one, and was formed about 1835.
These early meetings were held
at different places,
It
consisted of Messrs. Ebeuezer Goodsell, George
W.
Rich-
mond, Philip Wiltsie, Joseph P. Downing, Riley

Ira Palmer, and William D. Mercer.
S. Palmer,
During the following summer a Methodist Episcopal

church was built
in
was an outgrowth of the church

the prominent
at
Hillsdale village.
Harlemville.
It
was thirty-two by
in
Among
members were Joseph Morehouse,
forty-six feet, cost about

fall
$2500, and was dedicated
the
Benjamin Snyder, William Higgins, John Higgins, Josiah
of 1854, by Rev. Lucius H. King.
The
building comS.
Knapp, Titus Simpson, D. Higgins, Joseph D. Goodsell,

and Andrew Higgins, who was the
held that office from 1835
till
mittee was Messrs. Fayette
M. Blunt, Riley
Palmer,
first
class-leader,
and
William D. Mercer.
This church
is still in
Richard Simmons was the builder.

use by the society.
his death, in 1875.
The church
feet wide,
building was erected in the

in
summer of 1854,
It
From
a diligent search of the records, and from the recol-
and was finished
1855.
It is
forty-two feet long by thirty

feet high.
lection of
members of the
list
society,
we
are able to give the
and the posts are twenty
was built
following
of ministers
who have
acted as pastors of this
by Robert L. Burdick, who received

the
as his remuneration
sum of $1495.
The
niture about $50.
The The
bell cost
about $260, and the furof the structure was
total
cost
nearly $2100.
site,
consisting of one acre of land,
was given by Milo and

surveyed by Hezekiah
Amanda Bissell, and the lot was Van Deusen, May 7, 1853. The
3,
They were Revs. Lewis McK. Pease, D. Starks, Griffin, Edward S. Stout, Adee Vail, George C. Bancroft, John Campbell, Denton Keeler, John Davies, David Hervy, Jr., Aaron Hunt, Jr., David Lyman, James Y. Bates, De Loss Lull, Amos N. Mulnix, Oscar Haviland, Edward Ashton, D.
church.
Arnold Scholefield, Phineas Rice,
deed bears date
May
31, 1853.
Gibson, J. 0. Kern, J. H. Lane, and E. B. Pierce.
The
tees.
society
became incorporated April
1855, and
Bissell, trus-
At
and
ways.
the
old
"
Downing church" Elders Abel Brown
elected Jos. D. Goodsell,
Moses Becker, Milo
Leland, ministers of the Baptist denomination,
Alanson D. Apley and Joseph D. Goodsell presided

and Andrew Higgins acted as secretary.
local preacher,
frequently preached.
It
is
The
latter
was
(juite eccentric in his
at the meeting,
told of
him that he once, when over eighty
Rev. Daniel Wager, of Ghent, a

the earliest preachers
;
was one of
Since
years of age, prefaced his sermon by quoting the familiar

lines,
also
Rev. Timothy Benedict.
1850
time
it
has been supplied in connection with the Methodist
" You'd scarce e.tpect one of
my
nge
etc.
Episcopal church in Hillsdale village until 1875, since which

it
To speak
in public
uq the stage,"
has been connected with the North Hillsdale church.
David Wager, of Ghent, and three men of the name of

Soules,
The
pastors since
1850 have been Revs. Lucius H. King,
were
local
preachers, and
oflen
officiated
at the
William Ostrander, Alexander H. Ferguson, Henry Cox,
meetings.
S.
Marvin R. Lent, H. B. Mead, James N. Shaffer, Charles Brown, L. W. Walsworth, Oliver V. Amcrman, Henry
very extensive revival occurred under the preaching of

in
Rev. Elbert Osborn
1831 or 1832, and another
in
1845,
H. Birkins, William
S.
Bouton,
Abram
Davis,
Alfred
under the ministry of Rev. Adee Vail.

ber of communicants
is
The
present
num-
Coons, E. H. Roys, J. H. Lane, 0. P. Crandall.
eighty, and the following are the
;;;

present officers, viz.
:
NEW
YORK.
377
George \V. Downing, Davis Disbrow,

Joseph P. Downing,
The
merous.
places of historic interest in
Hillsdale are not nu-
Jacob Hess, Norman Beclcer, Isaac Coons, Wesley Hoge-
The southwestern
part of the town was in early

its
boom, Madison Downing, trustees
times called " Nobletown," and apparently received
name
Wesley Hogeboom, Isaac Coons, William Washburn, stewards; Joseph P. Downing^ class-leader.
from one Robert Noble, who was a leader of the anti-renters

during the troubles in the middle of the
last
The Sabbath-school
as
century.
was organized
superintendent.
in
1823 or 1824, with Abraham Winn
Where he
lived cannot
now be
ascertained.
There was a
dis-
gore of land in the south part of the town which was in
The
retary;
James R. New, superintendent

;
pute between
Van
Rensselaer and Livingston, but a line In 1791, Sheriff'
Mrs. F. A. Mercer, assistant superintendent
T. Dean, sec-
was
finally
agreed upon between them.

his return
Norman
;
Becker, treasurer;
Wesley Hogeboom,
;
Hogeboom, while on
in this section,
from serving some processes

scene of this tragedy was
librarian
William Gardiner, chorister
Samuel Downing,
;
was assailed by a band of disguised men, and
Downing, D. Vincent, C. Vincent, Sarah Krum, Mrs. Norman Becker, Mrs. William Washburn, Mrs. Davis Disbrow, Mi's. I. Downing, teachers. The present membership of
Mre. F. A. Mercer, Sunday-school committee
J. P.
was
killed
by a musket-ball.
The
near the town line of Claverack, in the Jordan neighbor-
hood.
The surrounding
hills
here huddle together and

to the
open out into a broad vale looking
westward and ex-
scholars
is
one hundred.
NO. 612,
F.
tending for some miles into the town of Claverack.
No
the
ball,
one was convicted of the crime, but one Jonathan Arnold
HILLSDALE LODGE, The

tury,
first
AND
A. M.
suspected,
trial it
fled,
was arrested,
tried,
and acquitted.
his
On
Masonic society in Hillsdale antedates the cenits
was proven that he had loaded
gun with a
though the exact date of

It
organization
is
not
now
while the others were loaded with blank cartridges.
known.
until
was
called
Mount Vernon Lodge, and
flourished
During the
War
of 1812 a large number of
men were
the anti-Mason excitement swept over the country,
drafted or enlisted from this town, but no record of their
when it was wrecked by that storm. Prominent among its members were John B. Sharts, Samuel Judson, Artemus Johnson, John Collin, Joel Blackman, David Persons, Thaddeus Reed, John Pixley, and James Bryan. Several years afterward another lodge was instituted, known as
Friendship Lodge, No. 125.
It
names has been preserved.
was chartered with seven

were
;
HON. JOHN
dale,
members, and the

Master
J.
;
;
first
officers
David G. Woodin,
Samuel Judson,
S.
W.
;
Jefferson B.
Bingham,
F.
W. James W.
Henry A.
White, Sec.
;
Alfred G. Bidwell, Treas.

Sharts, J. D.
initiate,
COLLIN,
site of
Philip Becker, S. D.
John P.
the subject of this biographical notice, was born in Hills-
Collin wa-s the
first
and among the

Bartlett, Allen
Columbia
Co., in a house
which stood on the
other prominent
members were Richard H.
his present residence,

Collin, a
on the 30th of April, 1802.
Paul
Sweet, John Miller, and Frelin
Van Deusen.
Collin,
The Masters
French Huguenot, married Judith Vallean, and

France, settling
at
were Philip Becker, Henry A.
William Elton.
emigrated from
Island,
in
Narraganset,
Rhode
The
lodge met in Hillsdale for some time, and flourished to

;
1686.
He
was the original ancestor of the
a marked degree
then the place of meeting was changed to

to Hillsits
Collin family in this country.

in
He had
command
a son, John, born
Copake
dale,
it
for
two or three years, and returning again
Rhode
Island, who, about 1730,

to
was employed by John

a
vesjsel called
flourished for a time, and in
1858 .surrendered
Merwin, of Milford, Conn.,

" Swan," engaged in the
the
charter.
West
India trade.
Subsequently,
The
The
S.
present lodge was instituted in 1807, but had been

for
while
in
command
of that vessel, he married Hannah,
working under a dispensation

first officers
;
some months
;
previous.
daughter of John Merwin, the proprietor.
He was
lost,
were Philip Becker, M.
David C. Baird,
with his vessel; at sea in 1746, leaving two sons, John and
W.
;
Martin J. Wagner, J.
Sharts,
J. D.
W.
;
Eliphalet
Dimmick,
S.
David
Collin, the
former the grandfather of the subject of
Sec.
John B.
Treas.
Samuel Judson,
D.
this biography.
He
married Sarah Arnold, and settled
in
Walter Shaver,
Dutchess Co., N. Y., whence he subsequently removed

Hillsdale,
lin,
to
The Masters who have passed the chair are Philip Becker, Philip Becker, Jr., George M. Bullock, and Charles M. Bell. The present officers are Piatt Rogers, M. Theo;
Columbia Co.
His
in
oldest
son,
Antony
in
Col-
was made a prisoner
the
War
of the Revolution,
and died on board the
prison-.ship at
New
York,
1777.
dore P. Melius, S.
W.
;
Gilbert A.
Deane, J.
;
W.
Gros-
John
ter,
Collin died in 1809, leaving a son, John, and daugh-
venor A. Knox, Treas.

Bullock, S. D.
;
Jacob L. Spade, Sec.

;
George M.
S.
Latting Bixby, J. D.
;
David Brusie,
Collin.
Hannah, the fomier being the father of John Francis He (John Collin) was born in Amenia, Dutchess
19,
M.
C.
William Atkinson, J. M. C.
William Coons, Chap.
Co., Sept.
ber,
1772, and died
in
Hillsdale,
in
Decem-
Ezra J. Beardsley, Tyler; H. G. Westlake, F. Vandeusen,

Charles
1833.
He
married Ruth Holman Johnson, Oct. 23,

a family of
M.
Bell, Trustees.
1798, was by occupation a farmer, and roared

seven children,
The
eral
is in
lodge has fitted up the hall at an expense of sevdollars,
who
survived him.
hundred
meets regularly twice each month, and
John
stead,
Francis, the second son, was reared on the

to the occupation of his father.
home-
a prosperous condition, with a
membership of ninety-
and bred
Being of
six.
a studious turn of mind,
he pursued his education chiefly
48
378
home, adding

to the advantages of the
NEW
YORK.
sound judgment and
practical
at
commoD
schools
of
many
estates, his
knowlis
a thorough course of self-culture, embracing the branches He has followed the habits usually taught in academies.
edge eminently qualifying him for such duties.
He
man
of more than ordinary intellectual capacity, strict in-
of study thus early begun
all
his
life,
and has a firm con-
tegrity
and uprightness of character, and
is
liberal in the
all
viction of the truth of the adage that a

old
to
man
well
is
never too
distribution of his
objects.
means
for the
promotion of
worthy
learn
something useful.
literature,
He
is
informed in
classical
and general
and has an accurate knowl-
In 1827 he was married to Miss Pamelia Jane Tullar, of Egremont, Mass., by
edge of history, especially that relating to his own country. In politics lie has alwajs been a Democrat, and has been
called to
fill
whom
he had four children,

1870.
all
of
whom
ried
are living.
She died
in
In 1871 he mar-
several
important positions of responsibility

Besides holding maiiy
for his
second wife Miss Jane Becker, of Hillsdale,

child,
and
trust in his
town and county.

offices,
and by this marriage has one

eldest son,
father.
Frank B.
Collin.
His
of the minor town of supervisors for

in
he was a
many
to
yeare, a
member of the board member of the Legislature
John
F. Collin,
J. Collin
is
is
a farmer, residing with his
Quincy
a clergyman, residing at Santa
1834, and a representative in the Twenty-ninth Con-
Clara, Cal.
ried
gress,
from 1845
1847.
has been an active one, being em-
The elder daughter, Pamelia Lorania, marRev. John Brayden, who resides in Nashville, Tenn.
In
local afi'airs his life in
Frances Amelia married Sylve.ster Barbour, Esq., an attorney-at-law, residing in Hartford, Conn.
ployed
many
cases as an arbitrator
and
in the settlement
Jg.
AUSTERLITZ.
This town
of the centre.
lies
on the east border of the county, north
There are but two ponds of any considerable

and, from a tradition that at one spot in
size.
The
bounded on the north by Chatham and Canaan, on the east by Canaan and by the town of Alford, Mass., on the south by Hillsdale, and on the west by It contains twenty-seven thousand seven hundred Ghent.
It is
largest of these lies near the northeast corner of the town,

it
no soundings,
is
however deep, have ever found the bottom,
called "
No-
Bottom Pond."
the Canaan
closes
it
It lies in
the extreme north, bordering
and ninety-two
acres,
about one-quarter of which

in size
is
unim-
line, at
the foot of a rocky eminence that inacres.
proved lands, and ranks fourth

this county.
among the towns of

north of east from
it
on the west, and covers about twenty

it is
In
It is centrally distant fifteen
little
most parts
it
rather shallow, and sometimes in a drought

It
Hudson about
thirteen
miles.
Id population
now ranks
becomes almost entirely dry.

river.
empties
its
is
waters
as the sixteenth
town of the county, having
a population of
through the Green

partly
The second pond

is
formed
hundred and eighty-eight,

in
fifteen years,
a loss of five hundred
and one
and of
fifty-four in
the
last five
by artificial means. It Cadman, near Mount Pleasant,

until
on the farm of
W. J.
in
the north centre of the

It
years previous to 1875.
town, and covers about ten acres.
has been plentifully

It
is
The surface
series of high,
ful valley of
is
hilly
and broken.
Along the
east side of the

in a
stocked with trout

source of " Indian
within a few years.
the
into
town the range of the Taghkanic mountains stretches

rounded peaks, and
the Green river winds along.
ri.ses
Brook," which runs
northwest
at their foot the beauti-
Canaan, crosses into Chatham, and then, deflecting southward, crosses the northwest corner of Austerlitz into Ghent,
West of
to
this
valley the surface
in
a series of high, irregular hills,
and from that point flows

ties into
in a
in
northwest course
till it
emp-
again descending a
little
west of the centre
the valley of
is
Kinderhook creek
river,
Chatham.
It is
sometimes,
Kill."
Punsit creek.
dulating.
To
the westward of this the country

hills
un-
especially in
Ghent and Chatham,

Green river
issues
called
" Kline
Most of the
are arable to their summits,
This creek. Green

water-courses.
and Punsit creek are the principal

from No-Bottom pond,
but in the north centre of the town they are rocky, barren,
and
sterile.
The
soil
is
generally composed of a slaty or
and flows south across the east end of the town.

ley is noted for its quiet
The
val-
gravelly loam of varying fertility.

clay are found.
In some parts traces of

sole occupation
beauty and the

passes.
many
picturesque
The
is
principal
and almost
scenes through
which
it
Leaving
this
town,
it
of the inhabitants
oats,
agriculture, the
main crops being

Stock-raising
rye,
crosses the northeast corner of Hillsdale, passes into Massa-
corn,
potatoes,
and
buckwheat.
and
chusetts, in the town of Alford, which
it
crosses into
It
Great
for^
dairying are carried on to a considerable extent, and considerable hay

is
Barrington and unites with the Housatunic.
was
shipped.
merly noted for the great numbers of trout that thronged

parts thickly wooded,
The
hills are in
many
chestnut,
its
watei-s.
The name was
derived from the translucent

its
maple, elm, oak, butternut, and birch being the principal
green color of the water, and
fame was sung
in
charm-
kinds of timber, while

appear.
pines
and hemlocks occasionally
ing verse by the poet Bryant, while he was a resident of
Great Barrington,
i,n
his
younger days.
NEW YORK.
John Williams, Moderator.
Powell, Proprietors'
office.

Puiisit creek (called " Grist-Mill
379
Brook"
tiie
in
the olden
" Istly. Mr. " 2dly. Seth
time) rises in the southwest part of
town, and flows in

It
Clerk, and
Sworn
to
a northerly course nearly across the town.

to the west,
then turns
the faithful Discharge of Said

" 3dly.
and entering Ghent unites with Indian brook.
Voted that one hundred acres be
laid out to
Each
It has two tributaries of
some
as
size
which flow into

is
it
from
fall.
Setling Lot, and So in Proportion.

" 4thly.
the east.
On
each of these streams

is
a picturesque
falls,
Voted that Sd. Hundred Acre Lots Be Laid

original Grantee's Right,
The
largest one
known
Davenport
and
is
located
out
to
Each
and Not
to
Be Di-
where the stream crosses the highway, half

east of Spencertown.
a mile south-
vided.
" 5thly.
On
is
the east line of the town, near

rises to
tide.
the northeast corner,
Harvey mountain, which
Truman
Powell, Joel Spencer, and

for
Voted that Ensign John Dân, James Sexturn, Ephraim Kidder Be the Laying out the Setling Lots.
it
an altitude of about twenty-five hundred feet above
Committee
" 6thly.
Mercer mountain
Fire
hill is
is
a high ridge south of
No-Bottom pond.
Voted that
shall be Left to the
Committee
to
an elevation in the south part.
Lay out the Land and

the Massa" 7thly.
Size
it
in
quantity and quality to

fit.
This town was principally a purchase made by a number

of Massachusetts and Connecticut
chusetts
the Non-Possessors of the place as they shall see
men from
part,
Voted that meetings of Said Propriety
shall
Be
Bay
colony.
The western
however, bounded
Called for the future
By
five
or
more of the proprietors
by a
line entering near the
northwest corner and crossing

belonged to the
applying under their hands to the Clerk, Setting forth the
in a southeasterly direction,
Van
Rensselaer
Time, place, and ocation of said meeting, the Said Clerk

Notifying Said meeting according to Law."
patent.
SETTLEMENT.
The
proprietors soon after decided to lay out two highit
The town was first settled by squatters from the cast, who came into thLs part about 1750. The first effort at a general settlement was made by a company of settlera who
obtained of the Massachusetts government a grant of a tract of land some six miles square, along the Green river.
tract
ways through the township, one crossing

to be eight rods wide.
from north
to
south, and the other running east and west, each highway
The one running north and south
was
laid out as
wide as that, and the other road, beginning
This
near the northwest corner, crossed the town diagonally to

the line of " Nobletown," about where the Hillsdale line
was divided,
in
1757, into two divisions, the eastern

firet
half being called the
division,
and the remainder the

entitled to one hun-
now
runs.
The part of
this,
west of the
first
road, wa.s but
second division.
Each proprietor was

These
lots
four rods wide, while the remainder was eight rods wide.
dred acres
in
each division, the choice of location being
Subsequently they were
all
reduced
laid
to
four
rods
2, 3,
each.
made by
line,
lot.
were surveyed from the south

all
These roads wore surveyed and
out Nov.
and
5,
and the remainder, after
had received their one

to be divided
lots
1757, by Samuel Doty, surveyor, and Ahimaaz Spencer
hundred acres
in each division,
was
equably
and Edward Richmond, commissioners of highways.
among them.
and assigned
lows, viz.
:
The names of
to
those
who had
surveyed
as fol-
The
elected
first officers
other than those already mentioned were
them between 1757 and 1760 were
Oct.
;
Ezekiel Baker, Nathan Beers, Jethro Bonney,
Collector
as follows: "Nehemiah Spencer, Thomas Skinner, Treasurer and Seth Powell,
19, 1758,
Obadiah Brainard, Benjamin Brown, James Cary, Benja-
Sesser."
Amos Lawrence was
subsequently chosen
col-
min Chittenden, Joseph Chittenden, Rev. Jesse Clark, Nathaniel Culver, Hosea Curtis, Nathaniel Darrow, Ensign John Dean, Samuel Doty, Jedediah Graves, Cornelius Hamblin, Elisha Hatch, Abner Hawley, Job Hawley, John
lector,
Joseph Prindle and Samuel Hutchinson, was a
Jr., clerks,
and Joseph Prindle surveyor.
Within the
limits of this grant there
tract contain-
ing one and three-fourths miles belonging to the Indians,
Hawley,
Samuel
Hutchinson, Samuel
Hutchinson,
Jr.,
probably to the Mohicans, which the proprietors decided

to
Abner Johnson, widow Mary Johnson, Ephraim Kidder, Stephen Kinne, Amos Lawrence, Joseph Lawrence, Judah M. Lawrence, Peter Lockwood, James Mead, Noadiah
Moore, Benjamin Palmer, Isaac Palmer, Elijah
Powell,
purchase
in the fall
of 1760, and appointed Joel Spencer,

to confer
John Dean, and John Hawley

and negotiate the purchase.
nies of
with the Indians
Joseph .Powell, Martin Powell, Seth Powell, Truman Powell,
About 1765, owing to the conflicting claims of the coloNew York and Massachusetts, both of which claimed
rivers, trouble arose
Truman
Powell,
Jr.,
Peter
Powers, Azariah
Pratt,
jurisdiction over the lands lying between the Connecticut
David
Pratt, Joseph Prindle,
Benjamin Richmond, Edward
and the Hudson
regarding the posses-
Richmond, Lemuel Roberts, James Sexton, Micah Skinner,
sion of the lands.
At meetings
held by the proprietors

the proprietors shar-
Thomas Skinner, Thomas Skinner, Jr., Abner Spencer, Ahimaaz Spencer, Benjamin Spencer, David Spencer, Ithamar Spencer, Israel Spencer, James Spencer, Jeremiah
Spencer, Joel Spencer, John Spencer,
action was taken to defend their
title,
ing equitably in the incidental expenses.
Ensign John Dean
was chosen
as an
agent to represent them, and urge their
Nehemiah Spencer,
claims to the land " at

troubles,
New York
or elsewhere."
finally
The
Phineas Spencer, Simeon Spencer, Joseph Taylor, Ebenezer

Tyler, Ezra Tyler, Zebulon
however, continued until
a meeting was
VValbridge, Ebenezer Warner,
held.
May
27, 1767, and the following votes were passed:
Reuben Whitmore, John Williams. The first meeting of the proprietors was held at " Spencers' Town," May 31, 1757. The record of this meeting
reads further, as follows, viz.
"
" Voted, that a
memorial be forthwith sent
to
Boston by
the Committee with Noble town and tockouock, Requesting the protection of the Government of the massacliusctts
Bay.
Voted,
to join
with nobletown in sending a
man
to
Then
past the following Votes, Viz.
see mr. Ingorsal as an atorney."
380
NEW YORK.
man from New England, and by
trade
In the following month William Kellogg, of Nobletown, was appointed an agent to represent them at Boston, and to carry, or send by some other agent, a petition to lay
before the king of Great Britain, praying for
Griswold, a young
a woolen
manufacturer.
fulling-mill,
He
at once erected a
carding-
machine and
of
afforded,
and commenced the manufacture

in
money
it.
to pay the Dean, who went to Nine Partners, Dutchess Co.,
The expenses was procured by Ensign John

relief.
fine cloths.
He
increased his business as opportunity
and became prominent
the
manufacture of
to
borrow
broadcloths, supplying the markets in this and adjoining
counties almost exclusively, and rapidly accumulated wealth.
Again, jnst before the breaking out of the Revolution, Nathaniel Culver and James Savage were sent to England
to secure a royal grant to the settlers to confirm their titles to the lands, but,
owing
to the
growing
disaffection exist-
About 1795 he erected a fine and commodious mansion, The the work on some of the rooms costing SI 000 each. house is still standing, being now occupied by his grandOne of John's sous, Francis son, Lucien S. Griswold.
Griswold, also resides there.
tree,
ing between the colonies and the royal government, they
On
this place is
an applein
were unsuccessful
in their mission.
now
filled
with growing fruit, that

It is said
was
bearing
The
troubles were finally settled, and the titles to
the
over one hundred years ago.
that every time a
lands confirmed to their possessors by the act of

22, 1791.
It
is
March
member
of the family has died, a limb of this tree has preoff.
viously broken
full
It is true in
some
instances, at least,
not possible to give anything of a
history of
and furnishes a theme

speculative,
for the consideration
of the curious,
these
fit
first settlers.
Their names we preserve for the benelife,
and
of posterity, but the incidents of their pioneer

first
the
all
Eunice Calkins,
John Griswold married who survived him several years, and died
supei'stitious.
scenes and circumstances of their
years here, and
at the great age of
one hundred years and twenty-five days.
their interesting experiences, form but a vague
memory
in
the busy minds of the present generation.
We
append
able to
Turner Calkins was a native of Lyme, Conn., and in 1772 he bought and settled on the place now occupied by
Mrs. Gildei-sleeve, in the southeast part of Austerlitz.
the few details of the

gather.
first
settlers
we have been
He
was twice married

is
the last time to Phoebe Cadman, and

first
Judah Monis Lawrence

settler in the
supposed to have been the
first
had twenty-one children, eight by the

the second wife.
is
and thirteen by
town.
He came from
little
Connecticut in 1754.
One
of these children, Absalom Calkins,

at the age of ninety-one
His
location
was a
south of Spencertown, on the place
still
living
in Alford, Mass.,
now occupied by William G. Palmer. He was a prominent man in the town of judicial mind and of great probity of
;
years.
Reuben Whitmore was an

way,"
in the vicinity of
early settler near the " dug-
character.
He
was appointed justice of the peace
at
an
W.
Vincent's place.
early day; served several years in that capacity,
and was
pleas in
all
Most of the Spencers

their name.
lived in the Spencertown neigh-
appointed associate judge of the court of
common
borhood, and the town, and afterwards the village, bore
1812.
He
had three
sons, George,
Jakah, and Uel,
of
There were several

Macedonia."
valley,
families of Powells,
in
whose
whom
were prominent citizens and held many town

in
offices.
farms were in the north centre of the town,
the section
George died
Spencertown at an advanced age
Jakah
known
Punsit
as "
The Dean
family settled in the
removed
to the west
many
years ago
and Uel, who was a
creek
mile northwest of
Spencertown.
man
us
of very lovable character, died at Spencertown three
Horatio L. Smith now
lives
on the place.
or four years since, aged about ninety years.
He
merited,
Roselle Lee was an early settler on the present Harvey
he received, the admiration,
respect,
and confidence of
Vincent
place.
bis fellow-men.
The
brothers were bachelors.
Jonathan Chamberlin, from

resifirst settler
Hebron, Conn., was the

C. Inger-
Samuel Pratt
for land,
acres.
settled
on the
hill
west of the present
on the farm
now occupied by Samuel

the farm
in
dence of Lucien S. Griswold.
He
was somewhat greedy

six
soU,
whose wife was
his (Chamberlin's) gninddaughter.
and cut a brush fence around some
hundred
Jacob Ford
first settled
now occupied by Alanwas appointed justice and was made
After a time he found he could not manage so large

It is related of
son Osborn, on the mountain
the east part of the town.
a tract, and reduced the size of his farm.
He
was a prominent man
in his
day
;
him
that he once went visiting a neighbor,
some miles
to
of tha peace in 1786 and in 1801

the court of
was associate judge of

first
the south, and while he and his family were on their home-
common
pleas in 1795,
ward way they were overtaken by the darkness of night,
judge
in
the following year.
None
in
of his descendants,
which prevented
unbroken
their being able to see the
'
blazes" on
bearing his name, are
the trees, which were their only guide through

forest.
the yet
to lie
now living Edward Cadman, who settled
in this vicinity.
this
town near Mount
They were
till
therefore compelled
Pleasant several years before the breaking out of the Revolution,
down upon
provise,
the leaves, with such shelter as they could im-
and wait
the morning light enabled them to
recently
was a son of Christopher Cadman. who had then His emigrated from England to Connecticut.
were nine
in
find their
way home.
settled in the valley a little
first
children
northeast of
in
number.
Lydia
married
;
Benoni
Abner Hawley
Pratt's,
Ford, and removed to western

ried Isaac Clark, of
New York
;
Rebecca marAckley,
and built the
grist-mill
and saw-mill
the
Spencertown
;
Phoebe married Turner

in their country's
town.
They were
located on Punsit creek, south of the
Calkins, of Green
River
Hannah married
present mill of
Wm.
G. Palmer.
This hou.e stood near

sold a small
and went west

service
Edward and Joseph died

;
the residence of C. Lasher.
About 1773 he
during the Revolution
portion of his land, including a water-privilege, to
John
removed
to the western part of this State,
George and Christopher and John mar-
THOMAS SLOCUM
fARS.THOMAS SLOCUM.
&SSJf''..\
i
Evcprs ICo rniiA fk
ffESJDENCE
or
THOMAS SLOCUM, AUiTERLITZ.COLUMWA
Co.,N.Y

ried
NEW
YORK.
his feet
381
Phoebe De Wolf and remained on the homestead.

eighty-three years old, and the grandfather
He
" Waterloo," leaped to

calling
and moved
to
amend by
carried his
was the father of William J. Cadman, of Mount Pleasant,
the
new town
" Austerlitz."
Having
now
of ex-
point, he retired to his seat, saying "There's an Ansterlllz
county judge John
Cadman, of Chatham.
Mi's.
Mrs. Louisa
for your Waterloo."
The
first
at
Howes, Mrs. Phcebe Harmon, and

of Troy, are also his grandchildren.
Maria Hubbard,
the house of Elisha Murdock, in Spencertown, on the 7th
day of April, 1818.
Justices
James
Piatt,
Timothy Reed,
Jabez Hamlin came from Sharon. Conn., about one hundred years ago, and settled on a partially-cleared farm on
the lower ridge of the
David Leonard, Jesse Ford, and Jonathan C. Olmstead presided at the balloting, and John Tibbits, Esq., was moderator of the meeting.
Harvey mountain.
He was
Hamlin,,
life
is
suc-
After passing the usual by-laws
ceeded on the place by his son Jabez,

clergyman, and whose son,
present proprietor.
who was
S.
a Methodist
regarding fences, poor fund, and the running at large of
Hon. E.
the
domestic animals, and having voted that the fees of the

collector, in excess
He
has spent most of his
in
the
of $55, should be applied to the support
State of Ohio, and has served as a representative in Congress from that State.
fathere,
of the poor, and that the town auditing board should render
Coming back
fine
to
the
to
he removed the building-site

from which a very
home of his commanding

is
annual reports of their action, they proceeded

following officers, viz.
:
to
elect the
position,
and extensive view
Supervisor, Jonathan C. Olmstead;
Town
Clerk, D.arius
afforded of the valley, that occupies
the western part of
Cole
Assessors, Joseph P.
WooUey, Aaron Brown, Sanford

;
the northern half of Berkshire county.

casions the
is little
On
favorable oc-
Tracy; Collector, James
W. Shaw
Overseers of the Poor,

;
village of Lanesboro, several miles away,
George Lawrence, Bartholomew Williams

Commissioners of
Commissioners
plainly seen, and the southern extremity of the

for the
Green
lovely
little
of Highways, Elias Downing, John Morris, Jakah

rence
;
Law-
mountains forms a magnificent background

view spread before the beholder's vision.
glen,
Common
Schools, Erastus Pratt,
romantic
its
through which
purling rivulet winds

to
way over
Judah Swift, Azariah Pratt; Inspectors of Common Schools, Timothy Reed, Chattuck Childs, John Tibbits, Richard
Barnes, Jonathan
C.
rocky bed, adds no
little
the attractions of the place.
Olmstead, Albert Cole
Constables,
Cornelius Hamblin, one of the original proprietors of the
Luther Chace, Lewis

house,
Bristol,
James W. Shaw, Allen Hanor

also
Spencertown grant,
Jabez Hamlin, the
is
believed to have been a brother of

settler.
Poundmasters, Judah Swift, Josiah Russell, David More-
fii-st
Storey Gott, a soldier of
Nathan Osborn, Theodore Curtis

overseers of
list
of
the Revolution and a prominent
member and
officer
of the
thirty-seven
highways.
The meeting then
Spencertown Presbyterian church, settled near the centre

of the town.
It is
adjourned to meet at the house of Lewis Bristol, in Green
now occupied by Harvey W.

first
Gott, one
River (Austerlitz).
the two villages.
Since that time the custom has been
of his descendants. Eliada Cole was the
maintained of holding the elections each year alternately at

blacksmith in town, and had a
shop at Austerlitz
tlers.
village.
He was
one of the
earliest set-
The
town
following
is
a complete
list
of the most important
officers
from the organization to the present time

1878.
Collectors.
family
named Blinn were
early inhabitants
in
the
north part of the town, on Indian creek.
From
the large
to be
TOWN OFFICERS FROM 1818 TO

Siipervisors.
numbers of shingles made
there, the locality
came
Town
Clerks.
known
ruffs,
as " Shingletown."
there.
A family by the name of Jenkins

a family of
in
1818. J. C. Olmstead.
i8iy. George Lawreoce.
Darius Cole.
James W. Shaw.
Lewis
Bristol.
also lived
John Burrows, and

settlers in "
little
Wood-
William Niles.
1820.
1821. 1822.
David
C. Oaborn.
Luther Chace.
were early
Macedonia," and
the same
Milton Niles..
Levi Whitman. Milton Niles.
Charles Winalow.
neighborhood, a
farther southwest,
John Morse took
John L. Griswold. George Chace.

Luther Chace. Sylvan us Osborn.
up a farm
ORGANIZATION.
1823. J. C. Olmstead.
1824. A. P. Holdridge.
1825. George Lawrence. 1826.
Albert Cole.
Ebenezer Reed.
Jphn C. Parsons. Benjamin Gaboon.

William B. Flagler
The town was organized from parts of the towns of A dale, Chatham, and Canaan, March 28, 1878.
more than
one-fifteenth of the present town
little
Hillslittle
1827. Isaac Ford.

1828. George Lawrence.
Jukah Lawrence.
Noah
Rossiter.
Benjamin Cahoon.
Albert Cole.
1829. Ebenezcr Reed.

1830. George Lawrence.
1831.
was taken from

little
James Van Horn.

Stephen H. Ambler
Cole.
C. Osborn.
Chatham, a
less
over one-eighth from Can;\an, and a
than five-sixths from Hillsdale.

the
first settlers
From
the fact that
1832.
1333.
among
lies
there were no less than twelve famiHillsdale

"
Sherman Griswold. Albert David Erastus Pratt.
W. A. Murdock.
Luther Chace.
Gilbert L. Vincent.
1834. Justin Niles.
of Spencers, the north part of

the
first as
'
had been
finally
1S35. 1836. Ebenezer Rcod.

1837. Uriah .Maller.v. 1838. Justin Niles. 1839.
William Calkins.
Reuben
E.
Howes.
known from
Spenccr's-town.
This name
David
C. Osborn.
Lewis Tyrrel.
attached itself simply to the village, and
when
the division
to call the
it
Benjamin Gaboon.
William Calkins.
Elihu Phelps.
Elisha W. Vincent.
of the town was being talked up
it
was proposed
bill
new town
"
New
Ulni."
When
Lyman
Major M. Tyler. Harvey W. Gott.
.
C. Gleason.
the
erecting
pa.ssed
1840. 1841.
the Legislature, however, Martin
Van Buren, then
a State
Senator, and who, being an ardent admirer of the great
1842. Charles B. Dutcher

1843. George
Napoleon, was somewhat incensed at one of his
political
M. Soule.
1844. Ebenezer RceJ.
opponents (Elisha Williams,
if
we mistake
not),
who had
1845. Sill Niles.
succeeded in having a town in Seneca county christened
1846. Uel Lawrence.
Alexander Harmon. John L. Griswold. John Vincent. Alonzo Chamberlin. Benjamin Kellogg. Edwin J. Ford. Hosea Varney, Jr. Elisha B. Kellogg. Albert Brown. John M. îles. William C. Bell.
Charles H. Skiff.
Anson Brown.
3S2
Saperviaore.

Town Clerkfl. Benjamin Ambler
William Calkins.
" "
Bell.
Collectora.
NEW
W.
YORK.
1873.
1865. David L. Westover. 1866. William

1867.
David
L. Westover.
1S47. Uriah L. Davis.
184S. Albert Brown.

184a. Nelson M.vrtin.
1850. Ebcncrer Reed.
Joseph Shelley. Benjamin Kellogg.
Ostrander,
1874. Michael D. Higgins.
James
R. Philips.
Aaron
Robert F. Griswold.
LysanderP. Pclton. 1868. James C. Ferguson. 1869. David L. Westover.

1870. Charles S. Davenport.
1871.
1875. Marshall L. Holmes.

1376. William Dickerman. 1877.
David L. Westover.
Albert Vincent.
ISol. William P. Clar 1852. Samuel D. Dean
Hosea B. Parsons.
Stundish L. Kellog;
.
I87S. Michael D. Higgins.
Wm.
H. Philips.
Pettil.
Lysander P. Pellon.
1853.
1854.
George
1872.
James
first
C. Ferguson.
Frank
B.
Almstead.
Anson W.
Mallcry. Jacob Chnmbi
lie.
Orson Calkins.
1855. Elisha C. Osborn.
Miehael Cook.
Ezra A. Spencer.
Elisha B. Kellogg.
The
vote of the town on the question of licensing
1856. William Dickermun. David L. Osborn. 1857. Wright U. Barnes. Aaron Bell. C. J. Varney, Jr. 1858. Charles Hanor. John M. Niles. 1859. Aaron Bell.
the sale of intoxicating liquors was given at a special townmeetitig, held for that purpose at the house of
Tunis Moore.
James W. Shaw. Melancth jn Shaw.

William Vincent. Norman D. Powers. William Vincent. Miles S. Atwood. Madison G. Minkles
Major M.
in favor
Tyler on the 27th day of April, 1847, and was:

license,
of
1860. Aurelius M. Tracy.

1861. CJeorge C. Mercer.
Guy
P.
Sweet.
S. (iriswold
one hundred and two
opposed, one hundred and

no-license system.
James
thirty-four.
The town
as follows: J.
still
favors the
1862. 1863. Wright H. Barnes, 1S64.
Wm.
Edwin
John
J. Ford.
Dickerman.
Harvey G. Kinney. John F. Davis.

C. G. Varney.
The
cent,
excise commissioners elected
under the present law
have been
1875, Jacob Willetts, Albert Vin;
1865. Isaac E. Clark. 1866. 1867.

S.
Wm.
Dickerman.
Anthony
Michael; 1876, Isaac E. Claik
1877,
Moore.
James
S.
Griswold.
P. Osborn.
William Sweet.
Storey
John Aiken; 1878, Anson G. Brown.

In
politics the
Wm.
Dickerman.
Edward
W.
Gott.
1868. D. L. Westover. 1869. Samuel D. Dean. " " 1870. 1871. George C. Mercer. 1872. 1873.
Luoien S. Griswold. John H. Miller. Wm. G. Palmer. Martin New. Walter Almstead. Wm. S. Higgina.
J.
town
is
strongly Republican.
In the
first
general election held for representative in Congress, in 1818,
the vote stood
John
I.
Miller,
1
;
108
Edwin
Ingersoll.
F. P. Bailey.
Robert Le Roy Livingston,

vote stood
;
total,
James Strong, 104 In 1870 the 213.

;
;
"
"
Geo. "
W.
S.
Higgins.
1874.
"
Wm. Wm.
Higgins.
John W. Almstead. John Rundel.

S.
for
Hayes and Wheeler, 208

total,
for Tilden and
G. Palmer.
W. Almstead.
Dwight
Bailey.
Hendricks, 165;
373.
1375. Charles Adsit.
Charles Lacy.
J. E. Ingersoll.
1876.
Henry
C. Pierson.
F.
The town early adopted the plan of favoring the poor man by allowing his animals to graze in the highway. Several
1877.
1878. C. G.Varney.
D. L. Spaulding.
Ira Palmer.
Joseph Blunt. Charles Tremain.
restrictive clauses
were enacted at different times, one

one cow, and another
five acres
to limit the
number
to
to allow
none
The
following persons were
appointed justices of the
belonging to a pei'son owning

at large.
of ground to run
peace for the town of Austerlitz from the organization of the town
till
In the year 1837, however, they inadvertently
the act to provide for their election by the
cast a serious slur
upon the ones they meant

the
to propitiate,
:
people went into effect in 1827. the

first
The
years mentioned are
and
piissad the
following uncomplimentary law
"Voted,
lohich
and
last
appointments of their terms of continu-
that no Cattle
mn
in
Highway
except the
man
ous service:
James Piatt, 1818; Timothy Reed, 1818-21; David Leonard, 1818-20 Jesse Ford, 1818; Jonathan C. Olmstead, 1818; Erastus Pratt, 1818-24; Charles Bull,
;
has but one Cow."

In 1818 the town was divided into seventeen school districts,
containing an aggregate of three hundred and thirty-
1820; George Lawrence, 1818; Thomas Osborn, 1821; Alanson Ford, 1821-24; Jakah Lawrence, 1823-26; Levi
four families.
At
present there are twelve districts, Nos.
and 2 being consolidated into a union school

Spencertown.
district at
Whitman, 1823 Ebenezer Reed, 1826. The justices of the peace elected by the people
;
The apportionment of
public
money among
are as
the several districts aggregates 1157.22 for the present
follows, viz.
year (1878).

1827. Isaac Ford. 1846. Nelson Martin. 1847. Charles Kinne.
Darius Cole.
Banfurd Gilbert. Uel Lawrence.

1828. Uel Lawrence. 1829. David Osborn. 1830. Darius Cole. 1831.
1848. Theodore S. Nash.

1849. Lorenzo Kellogg.
There are but two
post-ofiices in this town.

is
The
first is
located at Spencertown, which
village of about
two
1850. Nelson Martin.

1851. Charles Kinnc. 1852. Isaac
hundred inhabitants, and contains about

two
stores,
forty dwellings,
a shoe-shop,
Mead.
two hotels (one nearly used up),
Anson Brown.
Stephen E, Calkins.
two churches (Presbyterian and Methodist Episcopal), a

school- house, a large academy, two grist-mills, and a
1832. William Niles.
William Dickerman.
1853. Aaron Bell. 1854. Nelson Martin.
1855. Egbert S. Barrett. 1858. Jacob S. 1857.
wagon
1833. Stephen H.
Amble
and blacksmith-shop.
of the Punsit creek,
its
It is pleasantly situated in the valley
1834. Nelson .Martin. 1835. Major M. Tyler. 1836. Erastus Pratt.

1S37.
main
street
running neaily parallel

is
Bump.
with the course of that stream, and

sides
to
surrounded on
all
Anson Brown.
D.irius Colo.
Edwin
J. Ford.
by gently-rolling
hills.
It is a pleasant place in
which
1J:W
1858. Isaac
Mead.
spend a few of the hot summer months, and numerous
1839. William Calkins.
1859. William Sweet. 1860. Nelson Martin. 1861. Moses

1862.
William Niles.
1840. Uel Lawrence.
1841. Jesse Bristol.
boarders from the cities

first
come hero
for that purpose.
The
M. Bice.
inn
kept here stood at the junction of the two roads
John Akin.
Sylvanus Hand.
leading south from the village, and was
known
as "Scott's
1842. William Dickerma
1863. William Sweet.
Tavern."
years since
It
it
was kept by Colonel Matthew Scott. was destroyed.

It
few
1843. David Osborn.
William Dickerm:
1844.
Jacobs. Bump.
1845. Lorenzo Kellogg.
David L. Westover. 1864. Nelson Martin. David L. Westover.
had been used
for
a dwell-
ing for several years previous.

liams
once
practiced
law at
this
The famous Elisha WilThe building place.

used for
dwelling.
his. oflBce
is
still
NEW
YORK.
who came
to this
383
standing and
is
now used
as a
able note in England,
country in 1665.
His father was Jahleel Woodbridge, of Stockbridge, Mass.,

attempt
to
The
lage,
first
produce a machine
to take the place
and
his
mother was Lucy, a daughter of Rev. Jonathan
of the mowers' scythe was
made by
a resident of this vil-
Edwards.
He
was born
at Stockbridge,
Nov. 24, 1787, Rev.
Matthew
Beale.
His invention consisted of a machine
and obtained Mr. Robbins,
his education at the classical school of at Norfolk, Conn.,
similar in principle to the present
mowing-machines; but
and at Williams College. and he was made

his
studies,
the knives, instead of being V-shaped, were straight, and
While pursuing
years, his eyes
blind.
his studies, at the age of about seventeen
cut square against the stalk instead of with the drawing-
became
affected,
totally
cut they
now
have.
Several of these machines were made,

that the knives soon
He, however, continued was licensed
and after a
and worked
well with the exception

to
theological couree
to preach the gospel
by the
grew
stops.
dull
and had
be sharpened, necessitating frequent

in the right direction,
It was,
however, a long stride
and deserves the honor of being

of so great utility to mankind.
called the first forerunner
Andover association, in August, 1811. In 181G he commenced preaching at Austerlitz, and after twenty-five years' He was service there came to Spencertown, in 1842.
pastor of the Spencertown
of an invention that has been so successfully perfected and

is
church
till
1852.
lies
He
died
Dec. 7, 1862, aged .seventy-five years, and of Austeris
buried in
The second
litz,
post-office is located at the village
the Spencertown cemetery.
near the east centre of the town.
This village
a rather
The academy was

passed
incorporated by act of the Legislature,
straggling settlement lying along the Green river, and con-
May
13, 1845.
The
first
board of trustees, who
two churches (Congregational and Christian), two stores, one hotel, one wagon and blacksmith-shop, one saw
tains
were also the incorporators, were Rev. Timothy

bridge,
rence,
Wood-
George Lawrence, Benjamin Ambler,
Uel Law-
and shingle-mill, and twenty-three dwellings.

tion
is
Its populais
Samuel D. Dean, Smith Shaw, Isaac Clark, Chester
about one hundred and
ten.
The
village
pleasantly
B. Smith, Dr. Ebenezer Reed, George Wager, Jacob S.
located at the head of the
famous Green
river valley,
and
Bump, and William Raymond.

tal
The
in
act limited the capi-
many scenes
are
of natural beauty and fine points of observation
stock to 84000.
It
was issued
$25
shares,
and
in
within easy riding or walking distance.
There was
short time one hundred and twenty-one shares were taken.
formerly an academy or select school kept here for several

years.
The
building stood about ten years, and was then

fire.
destroyed by
83000 was the amount finally paid in. The lot upon which the academy stands was purchased of Dr. Ebenezer Reed and George Wager, at a cost of $224.
It
The
village of Austerlitz
;"
was formerly
is
called "
to a little
Upper
hamlet
was eighty
feet front,
and running back two hundred

S.
Green River
but that name

as the "
now given
feet.
George Lawrence, Samuel D. Dean, Jacob
Bump,
lying near the Hillsdale
line, a
mile north of " Green river"

in
Dr. Ebenezer Reed, and Uel Lawrence were appointed as

a building committee, and, after adopting a plan, they contracted with
(formerly
known
Lower Hollow"),
store,
that town.
Upper Green River contains one

mill,
one saw and shinglescat-
Benjamin Ambler
to erect
it.
It
was finished
one
grist-mill,
and half a dozen dwellings widely

a
and accepted by the trustees Oct. 22, 1847, having cost

82459.
It
is
tered.
" Punsit"
part of the town.
known. Bush."
A
as "
name applied to the southwestern The derivation of the word is not neighboring locality is also known as " Clipper
is
a two-story frame building, thirty-five
by
fifty-
two
feet in size,
is
with a piazza six feet wide across the front.
There
an eight-foot basement under the whole building.

story
is
In the northeast corner of the town
is
a locality
The second
facilities
finished off as a hall, with a stage
and
known
Fog
Hill."
It
is
said to have derived this
name
for
is
public
speaking and
entertainments.
The
bell
from the tendency of fogs to
settle there at the close of a

is
building
surmounted with a bell-tower, containing a
storm, and the appearance of a fog there

indication
it
received as an
weighing two hundred and twelve pounds.

tion of officers
The
first elec-
that
Another version is of coming fair weather. was formerly the residence of a very quarrelsome family, who were said to be " continually in a fog," and
that for this reason
it
was held Feb. 11, 1846, and resulted as
follows; Rev.
Timothy Woodbridge, D.D., president; Dr.

;
Ebenezer Reed, secretary
Uel Lawrence, treasurer.
Dr.
was christened
"
Fog
Hill."
Woodbridge acted
1862.
as president
from 1846
till
his death, in
He
was succeeded by Dr. Ebenezer Reed, who

till
SPENCERTOWN ACADEMY.
This institution was
istence
first
served from 1863
1870.
Jacob Willetts has been the
conceived and brought into ex-
president since that time.
through the
efforts
of Rev. Timothy Woodbridge,
The
principals of the
first
academy have been John L. T.
D.D.
it, its
He
was, throughout the years of his connection with
Phillips (the
principal,
who commenced
the
first
term
mainspring, and by his energy and perseverance, com-
of the academy in September, 1847), Elias
K. Warner,
bined with his scholarly attainments and cultured mind,
was enabled
it
to
bring
it to
a state of efficiency that caused

in
Robert L. Dodge, A. F. Carman, Alden B. Whipple, Andrew W. Morehouse, Rev. Thomas C. P. Hyde, Simeon F.
to
rank high among similar institutions
the State.
its
Woodin, Andrew W. Morehouse, James M. Alexander,

A.B., Irving Magee, James
Its standard of scholarship
was high, and from among
W.
Grush, Levi
S.
Packard,
students have gone forth into the world
many who have
Alexander Reynolds, John P. Lansing,

A.B., and Mr. Fowler.
W.
B. Putney,
attained success and prominence in their chosen walks in

life.
Others who have taught in the
academy have been Albion Hand, Miss Waterbury, B.

Roberts, Mrs. E. H. Bailey, Mrs. L. L. Campbell, Miss E.
a nonconformist minister of consider-
Rev. Dr. Woodbridge was a lineal descendant of Rev.
John Woodbridse,
A. Hooper, Charles
W. McCarthy, Hiram
Olmstcad, Miss
384

James A.
ent pastor,
NEW
YORK.
and H. P. Bake, the presIn
Sarah Booth, Miss Mary E. Sperry, Mrs. Jane E. Grush,

Mrs. H. F. Holdridge, Miss Louise M. Plielps, John P.
Frechting, Miss
Gr.
Clark, J. H. Goodcll,
who began
his ministry here quite recently.
A. Magee, and Julia M.
Ball.
addition to these the church has been served by the follow-
It In 1863 the building was repaired at a small cost. was the intention of Dr. Ebenezer Reed to endow the school as a female seminary, to bo called " Reed Seminary,"
ing supplies. Revs. S. M. Gould, Charles E. Lester, T. S.

Brittan,
Finch, Aionzo Welton, C. S. Sylvester, and
H. Slauson.
but he died without carrying his beneficent scheme into effect, and about five years ago the school was converted
into a graded union school, with an
The church was

Peter's Church,"
incorporated
May
10, 1803, as
" St.
and David Pratt, John Ambler, Daniel
academic department.
Morris (2d), Matthew Beal, Jabez Picrson, and Joseph

Niles were elected
trustees.
The
transfer of the property has not, however, yet been
The
first
recorded trustees
completed, and there are two boards of trustees nominally

in possession
were chosen
Colonel
in
1789, and
Scott,
con.sisted
oi Colonel David Pratt,
of the property.
Matthew
Captain Joel Pratt, Deacon Moses
Chittenden, Lieutenant
Abraham Holdridge, Deacon Jabez

At
that time
it
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OP SPENCERTOWN.

The
first
Picrson, Lieutenant Joseph Niles, William Powers, Esq.,
recorded action regarding a religious organiza-
and Major Beriah Phelps.
must surely
tion in this
town
is
found
in the records
of the meetings of
have been a branch of
" the
church militant."
it
the original
proprietors of the
" Spencer's-town" grant.
At one
meeting, previous to 1800,
was voted, "that
It occurs in the
minutes of the meeting of April 16, 1760,

:
and was the twelfth resolution adopted, and reads as follows

" Whereas, there
is
wiming should have one-half of the Galery (viz.) half the /runt seel, and the Pews on the North Side of the meetingFour pews were also reserved " for widows and others," and " the northwest corner pew in the
house to the wiminff."
gallery" was
this
a Right and a half in Spencer's

in particular,
Town
owned
Ship that
is
without any owner

in general,
but
is
by the propriety
eral
by a grant
for taking
one gen-
"given
to
the Blacks."
Previous
to
it
1824
placed
Deed of the
natives,
it is
now
voted, that one

first
Right of
give
church was Congregational, but at that time
said right
and a half
shall
be given to the
gospel niinto
itself
under the charge of Columbia presbytery, and
in
1827
Lster settled in said propriety."
And
also "
Voted
adopted the discipline of the General

Presbyterian Church in America.
Assembly of the
a deed to
Mr. Jesse Clark, provided he Mr. Clark did
settles
settle
here in the
function of a minister."
on the land,
to
The deacons of
tion
the church in the order of their ordina-
and
in
1761, March 31, a meeting was called

site for
"pitch
have been Abiah
W. Mayhew,
Stephen Davis, William
the meeting-house," meaning, to select a

house.
a meeting-
Bailey, William
G. Bailey, M.D., Isaac Mead, Charles S.
No
action
was taken, however,
in
that direction.
Davenport, Thomas
Chester Smith.
present deacons.
M. Ostrander, John
C.
Gaul,
and
The meeting voted to give Mr. Clark a salary of 50 for 1761, 55 for 1762, 60 each for 1763-64-65, and Also to give him 60 towards 65 yearly thereafter. It was further voted, " that we will building a hou.se. meet on Sundays for publick worship at Mr. John Spencer's house."
Messrs. Davenport and Ostrander are the
The
elders of the church have been Story
Gott, Elisha Murdock,
Abiah W. Mayhew, Stephen Davis,

Dickerman, Dan
Niles,
Josiah Shelton, William
George
Cady, William Bailey, Samuel C. Ingersoll, Dwight Warren,
James W. Jones,
Isaac
Mead, John C. Gaul, Walter
The
first
meeting-house was erected about the
fall
of
Fowler, and Judsoii Parks.

present incumbents.
The
John
Isaac
six
last
named
James
are the
1771, the
first
mention of
it
being in March, 1772, when

it.
a proprietors' meeting was held in
It stood a little east
The
wold,
present trustees are
C. Gaul,
S. Gris-
of the present church, and faced
the north.
It
was
re-
Thomas
P. Niles,
Lucien S. Griswold, James
W.
paired in 1789, and again about 1825, the latter time at a

cost of about $2500.
Jones, and Walter Fowler.
Mead
is
is
the church clerk.
the east, and

resolution
At this time it was turned, facing moved back to its present position, and, as the states, " fitted up in modern stile." It was again
'ô^''
The membership
tendence of
scholars.
at present is
about sixty.
The Sabbathfifty
school connected with this church
under the superin-
Thomas M. Ostrander, and numbers about

good
library.
repaired in 1865, ^^ *
is still
of 82500.
The
original
frame
It has a
in use.
.'Mrs.
Lucretia P. Beach, for S1300.
The parsonage was purchased in 1868, of The present valuation

its
of the church property, including

tery
lot, is
METHODIST EPISCOP.VL CHURCH OF SPENCERTOWN.

This church
is
;
interest in the
cemesupposed to have been established about

the leading male
about $4000.
pastor was Rev. Jesse Clark,
as " Priest
The
first
who was long and
the year
1834
members
at that
time
familiarly
known
Clark."
He
.served
in
about
1790,
being Zadock
thirty years.
Rev. David Porter succeeded him
William P.
Knapp, William Sawyer, Stephen Willis, Clark, Harvey Niles, and Ebenezer Soule. The
in
and remained thirteen years.
In 1805, Rev. Alvin Somers
church was built

year.
Its size is
1836, and dedicated October 12 of that

feet,
became
L.
pastor,
and remained nineteen years.

till
Then Rev.
1835.
in
about thirty by sixty

It
and
its
cost prob-
Joel Osborne came, in 1826, and remained
Rev.
1843,
served
ably about S3000.

in
was repaired and the basement added

about one hundred, and the
H. Van Dyck then served a short time, and

installed.
in
1860.
Rev. Timothy Woodbridge, D.D., was

nine years.
service,
He
The
present membership
is
Since 1852, the pastors,
the order of their

in
Sabbath-school has a membership of forty scholars, and a

library of one
have been Revs. Samuel N. Steele (who died

as pastor),
hundred and
fifty
volumes.
March, 1854, while serving
William H. Clark,
The
present officers of the church (probably trustees)
Dan
NfLES
DAN
son of
terlitz,
NILES,
Thomas and Rhoda (Phelps)

Columbia
Co.,
Niles, was' born in

2,
Aus-
her and marrying for his second wife Cynthia, daughter of
New
to
York, February
1801.
His
Jabez Parsons, of Austerlitz, who died in 1867.

Niles was a farmer by occupation, a
Mr.
ancestors were English, and settled in Connecticut,
whence
man
of quiet habits
Thomas
Niles
came
this
town about the time of the
and genial disposition, but of great energy and decision of

character
;
Revolution.
He
is
was the second resident on the farm, a
a thorough business man, and honorable and

all
part of which
now occupied by
the residence of Mr.

till
upright in
his dealings.
He
was generous towards the

character, being a
Walter
S.
Fowler, on which he lived principally
the
poor and exemplary in his Christian
time of his death.
He
died aged eighty-four years.
prominent member and elder of the Presbyterian church
The
subject of this notice was born and brought
up on
of Spencertown.
He
was
also
decided in his political
the same place, receiving such an education as the

schools of
that period afforded.
common
Cynthia,
principles, being a Republican.
He
died in December,
He
married
1871.
daughter of John Dean, of Austerlitz, in 1825, and reared

a family of five children.
The
children of Mr. and Mrs. Niles were as follows:
Cynthia Dean's ancestors were
William A. D., deceased, married Martha Angell, now Mrs.
of Puritan stock, and landed at Plymouth, in the "

flower," in
May-
Nodiah
Hill, of
North Chatham
Wealthy Ann, wife of

;
1620, she being of the seventh generation in
Dr. E. B. Cole, of Waberford,
New York
John Dean,
lineal descent.
Her grandfather was among
the earliest
deceased
litz
;
Lucy M.,
wife of Walter S. Fowler, of Auster-
settlers in this portion of Austerlitz
when the country was
and Cynthia M., wife of David Blake, of EUzabeth,

Jersey.
a wilderness.
Mrs. Niles died in 1850, Mr. Niles surviving
New

arc
NEW
YORK.
to
385
John M.
Niles, J.
D. Pratt, Daniel Clark,
I.
E. Clark,
membership had dwindled
but seven persons, but the
W.
B. Wager, and William S. Higgins.

pastors in their regular order have been Reverends
S. Stout,
number
at the reorganization
was twelve, three joining on

letter.
The
profession of faith
and two by
The number has

is
George Brown, Edward

Edwards, William
Cook, Joseph D.
ford,
Albert Nash, Thomas
increased until at present the membership

five.
about thirty-
McK. Bangs, Joshua Hudson, Phineas Marshall, Jeremiah Ham, Elijah Craw-
The deacons from

Charles Topping,
the organization of the church to the
Hiram Lament, Goodrich Horton, Thomas Bainbridge, Richard Wymond, Jonathan N. Robinson, Alexander H. Ferguson, Josiah L. Dickerson, Pelatiah Ward, James N. Shaffer, Isaac H. Lent, Marvin R. Lent, Delos Lull, N. S.
Tuthill,
present time have been Ithamar Spencer, Joseph Andrews,
Thomas Lewis, James
Piatt,
Ephraim
C. In-
Gleason, David Chambcrlin, Joseph Gleason, John C. Ingersoll,
James N. Barnes, George Woodin, Samuel

and Ozias Olds, the two
latter
John A. Edmonds, H. B. Mead,

Coons, J.
J.
W.
Jones,
W.
gersoll,
being the present
S. Stillwell, Alfred
W.
Smith, J. H. Lane, and
incumbents.
K. B. Pierce, the present pastor.
The
present valuation
The church was incorporated January

meeting presided
over by
19, 1801, at a
of the church property
is
about $3000.
IN AUSTERLITZ.
Moses Chittenden and Caleb
Rogers, and at which James Piatt was secretary.
Matthew
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Fitch,
James
Piatt,
Ephraim Gleason, Caleb Rogers, Moses
This society was organized March 21, 1792, by Rev.
Chittenden, and William Tanner were elected trustees.
David Porter, of Spencertown,

vens,
assisted
by Rev. John Stelatter
The
present officers of the society are Alanson Osborn,
of
New
Concord (now East Chatham), the
E. S. Hamlin, David L. Osborn,

Ingersoll,
Amasa Cook,
J.
Edwin
E. P.
minister preaching the sermon on the occasion.
Prayer-
and Gilbert Brown, trustees; David K. Lane,

;
meetings had been previously held
names of the
original
for several months. The members were Daniel Lee, Ithamar,
society clerk
J.
Edwin
Ingersoll,
church clerk
Osborn, treasurer.
Amos, Rebekah, and Dorcas Spencer, Gideon, Samuel,

Isaac, Sarah, Abigail,
and Abigail (2d) Andrews, William
CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF AUSTERLITZ.
Southworth, Jonathan Chamborlin, Matthew Fitch, Allen
and Mary Graves, Jonathan and Mary Wise, Beriah and

Sarah King, Eber and Mary
Curtiss,
Scofie'.d,
Solomon and Sarah
Joseph and
Abigail
Dibble,
Anna
Chittenden,
At a meeting held Oct. 30, 1851, in the house of Ithamar Lane, in the village of Austerlitz, Revs. S. B. Hayward, G. N. Kelton, and A. Hayward, members of the New York Eastern Christian Conference, instituted a
Christian church, with about forty members, and
called the " First Cliristian
it
Mary Palmer, Sarah Drake, Phoebe

Davenport.
Miller,
and Philomela
was
church
in
Green River valley."
The
first
communion was on March

as clerk,
28, 1792, and on
that occasion Rev. David Porter acted as moderator, and
The male members were James N. Barnes, Elisha C. Osborn, David C. Osborn, James L. Tyler, Henry D. Gott,
George Tyler, Augustus Hawley, William Gardiner, Charles
Kinne, Timothy Woodin, William Van Hoesen, William
Tyler,
Jonathan Wise
Ithamar Spencer and Matthew
Fitch acting in the capacity of deacons.
For several months of the preceding summer an uncom-
Harvey G. Kinne, Amos Cain, Amos Halley, John
mon
this
religious interest
vicinity,
was manifested among the people of
H. Callender, Abram Palmer, Austin Damon, Thomas L.

Smith, T. H. Thurston, Samuel D. Pierson, Morris M.
Brainard. Elisha C. Osborn was chosen deacon, and
office.
still
and about forty were converted,
many
of
whom
The
united with this church.

first
church was built during the summer of 1792,

In 1828
holds that
on land donated for the purpose by Judah Swift
The
first
church building was erected at Green River,

Hillsdale,
It
in
the church was thoroughly repaired at a cost of about
the town of
Methodists.
and was
in
in
part
owned by the
$2000, and
in
1873
it
was again repaired and modernized

about $2500.
was built
the spring and
summer
of
at a cost of $1000.
Its present valuation is
1852, and was dedicated July 15, 1852.
It cost
about
Previous to the organization, services had been held by
$1200.
terlitz, in
The second
6,
chapel was built in the village of Aus-
Rev. Mr. Martin, who lived a

lage.
little
northwest of the
vil-
the spring of 1853, and was dedicated on the
The
first
pastor was Rev.
John Morse, who began
evening of June
tian Conference
1853.
The New York Eastern

in session here,
in
Chris-
to preach
May
6,
1792, and was regularly installed as pasthat year.
was then
and the dedication

Rev. Isaac
Revs. G. N.
tor
November 7 of
The following-named minviz.

:
was conducted by the ministers
attendance.
isters
have since been pastors,
Reverends Timothy
N. Walter preached the dedicatory sermon.
Woodbridge, D.D., Joel Osborne, John

Uttley,
C. S. Sylvester,
W.
Davis, Samuel
Kelton, E. S. Fay, 0. J. Wait, and A. S. Doan participated

in the services.
James A.
Clark, J. H. Goodell,
collection
amounting
to
S230 was
taken,
Archibald H. Sloat, J. H. Goodell, Rufus King, and H.

P. Bake, the present pastor.
to assist in
removing the debt incurred by the buildins of
the chapel, which cost about $1200. the spring of 1861 regular
in use,
The churches
are
still
From September, 1859,

services were held
till
and valued
at
$1500.
The
pastors of the church,
by the Methodists.
Then Rev. P. 0.
in order
of their service, have been Revs. Allen Hayward,
Powers, a returned missionary, preached from November,
R.
B.
Eldridge, Jr., Richard
Mosher,
W.
B.
H. Beach,
The church was then silent and unoccupied for a period of nearly ten years, when it was revived through the efforts of Rev. James A. Clark, who was then preaching in Spencertown. At that time the 49
1861,
till
April, 1862.
Joseph Stearns, Charles Peak,
Hoag, C. H. Havens,
Strevcll,
Leonard Thorn, Thomas Taylor, GecMfc

E. Colburn,
and E.
1877,
who commenced
his services in April,
and
is
the present pastor.
386

first
NEW
YORK.
Beebee, Charles Kinne,
The
pastor was prostrated while preaching on the

in
Mills Atwood, Clark
Edwin
J.
Fourth of July, 1852,
the school-house at Austerlitz,
Ford, Melancthon Shaw, and David L. Osborn were chosen

trustees.
and did not recover
sufficiently to
resume
his duties.
Pre-
The cemetery
is
on the west side of the town,

village,
vious to the organizing of the church, a series of " grove
about a half-mile south of Austerlitz one acre of land, which was a

gift
and contains
meetings" had been held by Rev. George N. Kellon, with
from Mrs. Hannah Lane.

Charles Kinne,
good success, and created a degree of interest in religious matters that eventually, as we have seen, resulted in the
formation of a church.
fifty.
The
present
officers,
who
J.
also
compose the present board of

;
trustees, are
Edwin
Ford, president
;
The
present membership
is
about
vice-president and treasurer
C.
;
Gamwell Varney, secretary
Melancthon Shaw, collector
and David K. Lane, sexton.
There has been a flourishing Sabbath-school connected

with the church from the beginning.
tendent was
The
first
superin-
WAR
The town of
spond
to
RECORD.
James N. Barnes.
Charles Kinne was superinis
Austerlitz has always been prompt to recall
tendent for a score of years, and Rev. E. E. Colburn

present one.
the
every
forth
of patriotism, and her citizens have

for
The
school
now numbers about
forty.
They
marched
to
battle
independence, for national
have no
library,
but distribute papers and tracts instead.

incorporated under the general statute,
honor, and for the preservation of natural rights, and the

integrity of
patriots
The church was

Jan. 31, 1852.
the union of the States.
Among
the early
Jared Winslow presided at the meeting,
whose names have been handed down
to us as
pen-
and William Van Hoesen acted as clerk. Elisha C. Osbom, Amos Holley, Timothy Woodin, Lewis B. Adsit, and
sioners in the year 1840,
we
find the
names of Jacob Bice,
Nathan Lester, John Harmon, Jonathan Benton, James

Piatt,
Samuel B. Rowe were

tees
elected trustees.
Jr.,
The
present trus-
Joseph Foot, Storey Gott, and Seth Jennings.
John M. Varney, Hamilton McArthur, George Tremain, Charles T. Woodin, Henry

are
Harvey Gott,
In the war for the suppression of the Rebellion, this town
poured forth
its full
its
treasure of
Rowe, Cyrus Moore, and David L. Westover.
share of the work which cost so great a price.

to this
men and money, and performed The

town
will be
names of those credited
found elsewhere
CEMETERIES.
There are a large number of small burial-grounds
tered about this town, most of
scat-
in this work.
them private ones.
They
the
are generally in a sadly neglected condition.
Among
site
public grounds
we mention one near the former
THOMAS SLOCUM,
son of Samuel and Phebe Slocum, was born in
of the
Baptist church in " Macedonia," and one on the east side
of the Green river, at Austerlitz.
La Grange,
a
THE SPENCERTOWN CEMETERY

Ls
Dutcheas Co., N. Y., Sept.

It
8,
1810.
His parents came
located at the Presbyterian church in that village.
from
child,
New
Jersey.
His
father died
to service
when he was
till
mere
and
contains about two and a half acres of ground, surrounded
and he was put out
his majority,
by a handsome and substantial iron

graves of
fence,
and
is
owned by
it
afterwards for fifteen years worked by the month as a hired
the Presbyterian and Methodist churches.
In
are the
man.
In 1846 he married Jane Burtis, of Hillsdale, and

life
many prominent citizens of the town. the monuments are very tine, notably the one mark the resting-place of Dr. Ebenezer Reed.
Some
of
began his married

credit.
on a farm which he purchased on

for this farm,
erected to
He worked
and paid
and
sold
it
in
1858, and purchased the larger one where he now resides,

consisting of two hundred acres.
He
is
in
the strictest
THE AUSTERLITZ CEMETERY

wiis
sense a self-made man, having attended a school but three
formed as an incorporated cemetery at a meeting held

the evening of Feb.
Mills
18,
months of his
life,
having started a poor orphan boy, and
at
the school-house on
1858;
having by his own unaided industry and economy acquired

a comfortable competence.
Abijah
.
Heath, chairman, and
Atwood,
secretary.
He
is
an honest, upright man.

living, viz.
:
Samuel C. Ingersoll, David K. Lane, Charles Kinne, Stephen W. Olmstead, Melancthon Shaw, David L. 0.^born,
Three of his four children are

Richard R., residing
in the
Sarah Eliza-
beth, wife of Nicholas Pulver, farmer, Austerlitz, Columbia
Lyman
Bell,
C. Gleason,'
Ithamar Lane, Clark Beebee, Aaron
Co.
same town
parents.
and Louisa
and Alanson Osborn were the incorporators.
(unmarried), living at
home with her
C O P
This town
the second
lies
AK
E.
on the east border of the county, and
in
the Indians,
whom
the anti-renters had induced to contest

title to
tier
of towns from the south line.
It contains
the validity of the Livingstons'
the land.
small
an area of twenty-two thousand eight hundred and sixtyeight acres, of which a

little
island lies near the southern shore nearly opposite this point.
more than three-fourths are

was eighteen hundred and
1870, and
It ranks as
The
peninsula, the island, and the "

still
Pond
is
hill" farm,
on
improved
lands.
Its population
the south shore, are

ston family.
owned by members of
It
the Living-
thirty-nine in 1860, seventeen hundred and thirty-eight in
Robinson's pond, or lake,
a smaller body
is
1865, eighteen
hundred and forty-seven
in
of water, near the centre of the town.
an expansion
eighteen hundred and eighty-four in 1875.
of the " Roeloff Jansen's Kill," covering about one hundretl

acres,
the ninth town in the county, both in area and in population.
and
is
partly artificial, a
dam
at its
lower extremity
It
is
bounded
as follows
north by Hillsdale, east by

in
holding back the water for use as a motive-power for the

grist-mill.
the town of
Mount Washington,
Massachusetts, south
It
is
The
other ponds are
still
smaller,
and are
all
by Ancram, and west by Taghkanic.

in form,
nearly square
located in the southwestern part of the town.
Woodward
All
being six miles wide, from east to west, and seven
and Porter ponds
lie
partly in the town of
Ancram.
miles long, from north to aoutli.
The
surface
is
broken by
of them, except Chrysler pond, empty their waters into the

kill
;
ranges of high
hills,
is
separated by valleys of varying width.
that one empties into
Copake
found
creek, in Taghkanic.
all
The
eastern border
formed by the range of the Taghkanic

"
The waters of
and pond and Copake
these ponds abound in fish of

in
kinds,
mountains, the highest part, called the " Alander," lying

near the centre of the east part.
fine bass especially are
abundance
in
Rhoda
Pond
is
hill,"
on the shore
lake.
The
principal streams are RoelofF
of Copake lake,
" Old
is
a high, rocky, and or "
wooded eminence.
an isolated rocky
Jansen's Kill, which enters the town from Hillsdale, about
Tom's
hill,"
Mount Tom,"
two miles from the State

into
line,
and runs across the town
height lying near the centre of the town, about three-quarters
Ancram
" Biish-Bish" creek, which, rising in
Mount
it
of a mile north from Copake

lies
flats.
To
the westward
Wa.shington, breaks through the mountains near Copake
of the Taghkanic mountains
a lovely valley about two

it
Iron-Works, and flows southwest into Ancram, where

unites with the
ton
kill
;
miles wide, narrowing con.siderably as
nears the north linehills,
and a brook, which rising near Bos-
of the town, and shut in on the west by high

sloping in the southwest and rising
gently
in the
Corners,
flows northerly
and empties
in
is
Biish-Bish,
a very pic-
more abruptly
near Copake Flats. turesque one, and the
The Bash-Bish gorge

falls
north part of the town.

is
In the extreme northwest there
at the place
where the stream
another valley about two miles long, following the course
breaks through the

of the
last
rocky barrier, on the western face

a
of Copake creek in a southwesterly direction.
The
waters
mountain, present
fall is
very
beautiful
appearance.
of the town are Copake lake, Rhoda, Ilobinson's, Snyder,

Chrysler, Miller, or Porter, and lake
is
Surmounting the
Cliffy,"
a beetling crag, called the " Eagle's
Woodward's ponds.
Copake
from which one looks down on a scene of wild granif it

is
a fine sheet of water in
the western part of the

it
deur and beauty, not surpassed,

thing
in this
equaled, by any-
town north of the centre, and a small part of

Taghkanic.
It has an
lies
in
part of the State.
During the summer many

ground, and pass
area of about six hundred acres,

feet.
visitors
make
this delightful spot a picnic
and
is
of an average depth of about twelve or fifteen

it is is
it
the hot hours of midday within the cool recesses of the

glen,
In some places
ence of the lake
creek,
to
thirty-six
feet deep.
The
circumfer-
refreshed by
the spray-moistened air and lulled to
about nine miles.

is
Its outlet is
Copake
calm reveries by the music of the miniature cataract.

glen below the
falls
The
which
connected by an outlet a mile long.

lies
gradually widens, and the course of the
Near
is
its
western extremity
called
a beautiful peninsula, which
stream grows
several
less rapid.
The
falls
and glen, together with
commonly
"
The
Island."
Whether
it is
was an
artificial
hundred acres of land on the surrounding moun-
island
is
and the connection with the mainland

It contains
tains, are
owned by Mrs. Douglass, widow of
the late Alfred
not positively known.
some twenty
acres of
Douglass, of
eral
New York, who
purchased the property sev-
ground, mostly covered with a fine growth of chestnut

timber, and
its
years ago, and at great expense of time and
money
surface
is
rolling in character, presenting a
turned the rocky banks of the creek into an enchanting

stretch of beautiful garden
delightful diversity of knolls and dells.
Ou
one of these
and velvety lawn, dotted here

in the
miniature
hills are
seen the ruins of what was once the
and there with rustic cottages
Swiss style of archi-
abode of some of the members of the Livingston family.
tecture, with grecn-hoases, carriage-houses,
and barns of the
This residence was large and commodious, and stood on a

gentle elevation overlooking the lake to the southeast.
It
same
style, all
combining
to
beautiful
Kill
summer
residence.
make it a The broad
very pleasant and

interval along the
was built
ill
1809, and torn down after the anti-rent exciteits
and Bash-Bish creeks, below Robinson's pond, has

is
ment, to prevent
being used as a place of harboring by
always been called " Copake Flats," and
supposed
to
be
387
3SS
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUiNTY, NEW YORK.

Deusen, living near Hillsdale,
brother John,
is
the location of the six hundred acres granted to Livingston under the Dongan patent of 1686, and designated therein as " Tachkanick." A fiiller description of this name and
its
a grandson of Barnard's
Flats.
to
who
lived at
Copake
William Link removed from Rhinebeck

1785, with a family of
five children.
Copake about
two
application will be found in the history of Taghkanic.
He
leased about
The
and
in
soil
of this town
is
largely
hills
composed of a gravelly
is
hundred and
fifty
acres in the west part of the town, about

lake.
and clayey loam, but on the
of a slaty character,
a mile south of
Copake
His family consisted of
fifteen
the valleys of the creeks considerable quantities of
children, eight of
settled in
whom
were boys.
Four of the children
alluvial deposits
it
is
have formed a deep, rich

all
soil.
As
a whole
Copake, three of them in other parts of this
very productive, fine yields of
the various crops

is
county, and eight of them removed to central and western
repaying the husbandman's labor.
Wheat
not grown,
New
York.
Joseph Link, the eleventh

1830.
child, is
still
living,
but
rye, corn, oats, barley,
buckwheat, potatoes, peas, and
at the
age of eighty, on the homestead, the

in
soil
of which
beans are the principal products.
he purchased
This town was a part of the Livingston manor, lying at

its
In the spring of 1753 the captain of a Dutch vessel advertised that his vessel
northeastern extremity.
would make an excursion on Whit-
Iron ore
tains,
is
found near the foot of the Taghkanic moun-
sunday.
Among
those enticed to take the trip were Peter
and
is
mined
at the iron-works
and the
Weed
ore-
Rhoda, Peter Swart, Abraham Decker, Jacob Haner, and

William Dinehart.
in
bed, a fuller description of which will appear under appropriate heads in another part of this sketch.
Baden, Germany.
The latter was from near Heidelberg, The excursion was taken according
feast
The Rhiuebeck and Connecticut

town.
is
railroad runs a distance
to promise,
and a grand
was spread
for the delectation
of three and a quarter miles through the south part of the
of the excursionists, after partaking of which, dancing and
Copake
Station, a half-mile south of
Copake
Flats,
music whiled away the time.

great
Liquors were furnished in
the only station.
abundance, and
all
the merry
company soon became
The
early settlers of this

ancestry,
town were almost

and
entirely of
oblivious to
external surroundings.
When
they began
Dutch and German
settled along the course
to get sober they
awoke
to the realization of the fact that
of the creeks or the shores of the lakes and ponds.
No
they were bound to take a longer " excursion" than they
doubt a few of them settled here some years before the

general settlement began, about 1750, but no trace of the
had bargained
for
fall,
for.
The captain
told
them they were bound

in
New
York, and at that port they were landed
the
exact dates can
now be found.
The Whitbecks, who
settled
after a long passage.
Not being
able to pay their pas-
along Copake creek, near the lake, were probably the earliest settlers.
sage, the captain, according to the laws
and customs of the

ap-
The
date of their coming seems to have been
time, apprenticed
them
to the highest bidder for a length
previous to 1714, a
their residences.
map made during that year showing The Brusies also were very early settlers.
Another family,
early settlers near
of time sufficient to pay his claim.
The men were
all
prenticed to Livingston and brought to the furnace at
An-
They were in the south part of the town. by the name of Spoor, must have been
the centre of the town.
cram, where they served the term of their apprenticeship,
four and one-half years, to pay seven pounds passagemoney. At the expiration of their term of service Livingston offered
Daniel Toucray lived on the side of the mountain southcast of

tice
Copake Iron- Works, and was
for
many
years a jus-
of the peace.
He
many
is
said to have been a remarkably
them the choice of any unoccupied farm on the manor which they might select, and which he promised to They all accepted his lease to them upon favorable terms.
offer.
eccentric
man
in
respects.
He
was a firm believer

it is
Jacob Haner selected a farm
in
Taghkanick.
Wm.
in witches
and witchcraft.
On
one occasion,
said,
he
Dinehart chose a farm on the north shore of Copake lake,

west of the outlet.
ten children, six of
became convinced that

witched by an old
his cattle
and land had been becrossed his clearing,
He
married, and reared a family of
woman who had
them boys.
His grandson, Killian A.
and, preparing himself, he lay in wait for her, and upon
Smith,
lives in
Taghkanic, near the place once owned by

of Dinehart's sons, William, Jr., settled
her appearance discharged a charge of fine bird-shot into
Dinehart.
in
One
is
her body.
spirits
What
effect this
treatment had upon the evil

tried, con-
the west part of Copake, and his only son,
John W.
we know
not,
but Toucray was arrested,

for his
Dinehart,
now
living at
West Copake.
daughter, Mre.
victed,
and heavily fined
remarkable prescription.
justices of the peace in
Thomas
of Copake.
in
Trafford, one of the
first
the town of Granger, was an early settler in the west part
He
;
had two
sons,
to
William
Wisconsin.
T., lived
and died
Copake
Robert,
moved
Hannah Link, is also living in Copake. Peter Rhoda selected a farm on the south shore of the Rhoda pond, which was named after him. He had two Peter, Jr., and David. The former settled in Ghent. sons, The latter lived and died in Copake, and had a family of
John Van Deusen was one of the

south part of the town.
first
settlei'S
in
the
several children,
all
of
whom went
west.
His son Barnard married Phoebe
Peter Swart settled on the farm now owned by John

Stickles.
Hoilonbeck, and took a life-lease of two hundred acres of

land
in
the northeast part of the town, being the farm
now
this
in
owned by Sylvester Waldorph.

seven sons and four daughters.
vicinity,
His family consisted of
farm, and lived on
Abraham Decker chose the present Benjamin it for many years.
B. Miller
They
all
settled
in
Nicholas Robison settled at the foot of the pond which
and some of their descendants are now living

;
was named after him, and

day.
built a mill there at a very early

still
Copake
two uf
among them are Lewis and William Van Deusen, Barnard Van Deuseu's grandsons. Ludington Van
Some of
his descendants
live in
this
town and
the adjoining town of Hillsdale.

Previous to the Revolution, George Niver, a native of
Geruiany, came
to
NEW
YORK.
389
soon after his arrival here married Margaret Cook, and

leasing a farm of two
America and
settled
on the farm
in
the
hundred and seventy-two acres

tilled
in the
soil.
southwestern part of Copake which
is
now occupied by
His
chil-
northwest part of this town, settled down and
the
Palmer and George Niver, two of his grandsons.

daughters,
Peter's family consisted of two sons, Caspar and John,
and
dren were John, Michael, and Henry, and three or four

all
four daughters.
The
sons, after their father's death, divided

it till
by his
first
wife, and
George, Philip, and
the homestead, and continued to live on
their deaths.
Frederick, by his second wife.

to
John and Michael went

on the farm on which David
George, Jr., and Philip diit.
John
C.
Lampman now
lives
on the part that the old house

occupies the other part.
Kinderhook.
Henry
settled
live.
stood upon, and Walter
Lampman
and George Niver now
They
this
are grandsons of Peter
Lampman.
to
last
vided the homestead and lived on

to
Frederick removed
Jr.,
William Williams was a native of Wales, who, coming

country before the breaking out of the
in
Claverack.
George R. Niver, a son of George,

and
Silas, a
French war,
Bradnever
Philip, Jr., a son,
grandson, descendants of
enlisted
the colonial service, and marched with
Philip Niver,
all live in
Copake.
also
dock's ill-fated
army
to attack
Fort Duquesne.
at
He
Chrbtopher Niver, a brother of George,

pake at the same time, but
in a short
came
to
Co-
returned, and
is
supposed to have been killed
the bloody
time was taken sick
defeat suffered by Braddock's forces.

to this
He was
accompanied
and died, leaving two
.sons,
Michael and Christian.
Michael
country by his two sons, Aaron and William, then
went
to
what
is
now Livingston, and upon
attaining his ma-
young men.
there.
William went
to
Schoharie county, and settled
jority settled
permanently there.
Christian went to live
Aaron married a
the Pells farm.
sister of
Peter
Lampman, and
Copake
lake.
with his uncle George.
He
subsequently married
Polly
leased
It is
and cleared a new farm a
little
east of
Ruyter, and settled on the place now occupied by Derby

Miller.
now
He
loft,
built a small log house about

this,
He
afterwards went to Bain's Corners

settled
Cmryville
and
now
called
four rods southeast of the present residence, and in
on the farm now occupied by his
with but one room and a
with no floor but the ground,
son Norman.
Of
his family of eight children,
Norman
Niver, Mrs. Charity Miller, Mrs.

still
and Mrs. Catharine Bain are

others are dead.
living
Henry and Hannah Shufelt, in Copake. The
they reared a family of fourteen children.
Their names
were William, Elizabeth, Casparus, David, Peter, Nelly,

Cornelius, Henry, Lanah, Clara,
Hannah, and John.
sons
family were
all
lived in Copake.
Cornelius lived on the farm

in
The now
The Vandebogart
in the
among
the earliest settlers
occupied by Sylvester Vosburgh,

town.
the east part of the
neighborhood of Copake
Flats.
Their homestead was
His
children
were
Elizabeth,
John C, Aaron,
Seymour, and
living,
still
at the west side of the first three corners west of the flats,
Mary,
Clara.
Rhoda,
Calvin,
Lewis,
Moncrief,
on the place now occupied by

first settler,
Homer
Miller.
Here the
Three of these children are

Shultis, in Illinois
; ;
Mrs.
C.
who was
the great-grandfather of the present
Mary
N. Y.
Mrs. Rhoda Decker,

in
in Millerton,
generation, built his house, a portion of the frame of which

is still in
and Seymour Williams,
Wiscon.sin.
John
use as a part of the present building.
He
had a
has four children living in the county,
Clara Williams, in
son Philip,
who was the grandfather of

is
the two cousins
are the present representatives of the family.
who One of these,
Glenco Mills; Mrs. Eliza Trafford,
in Hillsdale;
and John
and Sylvester
I.
Williams, in Copake.
Wesley Vandebogart,
hotel at
is
the proprietor of the " Peter Miller"
Cornelius Conklin removed to this town from the vicinity
Copake
Flats,
and the other. Ward Vandebogart,

place.
of Fishkill, Dutchess Co., about 1770.
He
leased a farm
merchant
at the
same
of two hundred and twenty-five acres, on the north shore of
John Langdon was

his term of service he
a native of
Quaker
Hill,
Dutchess
Copake
lake.
His children were named John, Jacob,
Elias,
county, and served in the French war of 1754-59.
During
Jeremiah, Abraham, James, Lavinia, Polly, and Katy.
All
was
at one time stationed at Fort
of them except James removed to other parts of this State.
Stanwix, and was there attacked with the smallpox, and
He
remained on
the
homestead,
and
married
JIartha
becoming convalescent was discharged.

home, and a few years
after,
He
then returned
Covert,
years,
who
still
survives him, at the age of eighty-five

I.
probably about 1765, came to
and
lives
on the homestead with her son, Jacob
Copake and
settled
upon the farm now occupied by James
Oakley.
Another
son, Calvin Oakley, lives in Taghkanic.
E. Miller, a little north of Copake Iron- Works. The farm had been occupied previously, but had been cultivated in a very rude, primitive, and superficial manner.
Cornelius Vosburgh came to this country from Holland,
about 1760. and settled

the farm
in
the northern part of Copake, on

his grandson,
ri.se
His
first
all
now occupied by
Egbert Vosburgh.
plowing was done with a yoke of oxen and three horses,

attached to one plow, and the furrows turned
in
He
built his first
house on the
of ground about twenty-
the rich soil
five rods
north of the present residence.

still
it
The
old well
was
The neighbors all ridiculed this style of cultivation, but when the harvest came were compelled to acknowledge its superiority. John Langdon's family conwere deep and wide.
sisted of fourteen children.
covered up, but
remained
in
in
existence until within a

filled
few years, when
caved
and was then
up.
His
his
family consisted of four sons and four daughters.
At
All of the sons, with one ex-
death the farm, consisting of
five
hundred and
fifty acres,
ception,
in
Copake.
who removed to Salisbury, Conn., lived and died The last surviving child, a daughter, died in
ago.
was apportioned among them.

married
;
Cornelius, Jr., was twice
first
to
Susan Lampman, by
to
whom
he had
five
Copake about a year
children,
and second
Catharine Whitbeck, by
whom
he
Casparus Lampman, a Hollander by birth, emigrated to

this country a little while before the breaking out of the
had eleven.
and Egbert
in
Of
these
James
lives in
Aiicram, Sylvester
rest are living
Copake, three are dead, and the
Revolution.
He
was accompanied by his son Peter, who
at different places in the west.
390

settlers
NEW
YORK.
Other early
Tassel,
were the Pulvers, Frederick

in
Van
Jacob Hagerman, and Dederick Snyder,
the north
part of the town, and Jacob Decker and Thoraas Spade in
the western part.
This town was formed from Taghkanrc March 26, 1824, comprising the eastern half of that town, and was named
Copake, aftr the lake of that name, which

wholly within
its
lies
almost
title is
borders.
It
The
is
derivation of this
wrapped
in
mystery.
generally supposed to be of
Indian origin, and to refer to some peculiarity of the lake.
The
to
firs!
meeting of the electors of the new town
to
com-
plete the organization of the
town by the election of
officers
conduct
its
business was held at the house of Catharine
Williams.
first
The
following
is
a copy of the record of this
town-meeting
"record of copake,
1S24.
liams, in the
*'
Catharine WilTown of Copake, on the first tuesJay in April, 1S24, Voted to raise Eight hundred Dollars for the Support of the poor the ensuing year.
'At Ihe
first
Town-meeling. held
at the house of
"
To raise one hundred and fifty Dollars for the support of Bridges. " To continue the Bye-Laws this year that were in force in Taghkanic
last year, Viz.
(Cojiied from the
Record of Taghk.anic).
" BYE-LAWS
" Eniiclcd by the fieehiildert and inhubitaiila of the

iviii/c, ,1;),/; 6,
Tuicii
of Tat/h-
1SI9.
" That no
**
Ram
Shall be allowed to run at large after the 10th day*
of September until the 10th day of
November
following.
or
And Rams
if
any person
or persons shall sufi'er his, her, or ther
Ram
to
run at large between the said 10th Jay of September and
the said 10th day of
November
be, she, or they shall forfeit the sura
of Five Dollars to the person or persons aggrieved, to be recovered, with costs of suit, in any Court in the County of Columbia having
cognizance thereof,
recovered,
to
in
like
manner
as other
damages are sued
for,
And further, that no Boar Shall bo allowed run at large after three months old under the same penalties as
and
collected.
elect elect
Rams.
"Voted, To " Voted, To
"
two constables. one

collector,
and
to allow
him three per
cent,
on the Tas for collecting.

the following persons were elected to the following offices respectively, Viz. William Murray, Supervi-or: William Elliott,
:
And
Town
Sheldon, Assessors
Clerk; Caspaurus P. Larapman, Cornelius Vosburgh, Gideon William Groat, George Niver, Jr., Jacob Snyder, ;
Commissioners of Highways
of the Poor: John
David Langdon. Jacob Shafer, Overseers Langdon, Jr., Augustus Ueed, James Knicker;
backer. Commissioners of Schools: Benjamin Hamlin, Peter Sturges, Russel Everett, Inspectors of Schools George I. Rossman, Collector
:
William W. Turner, Evert Whitbeck, Constables Isaoc Oakley, Harvey Mallory, Fence- Viewers; Frederick Van Tassel, Pound-Master.
;
" Justices u/
llie
"Jacob Shafer, Be.vjami.v Hamlis, pence and Lmjjectura of Eluctiun.

" W.M. Elliott,
" Recorded by me,
Towu Clerk."
officers
The
following
is
a list of the
most important town

to the present:
from the organization of the town
TOWN OFHCERS
Supervisors.
1.S24. 1.S2J.
FKO.^ 1824 TO 1878.

Town
Clerks.
Elliott.
Collectors.
William -Murray.
William
George
I.
Rossman.
1.S26.
Jacob Shafer.
Wm. M.
Turner.
1S27.
1S2.S. IH2;l.
1.-130.
Wm.
Jacob
.hafer.
T. Trafford.
Cornelius Williams.
Peter Snyder.
William Murray. " "
Calvin Williams.
Jacob A. Decker.

1850.
NEW
YORK.
391
James Austin.
1864.
James E.
Christie.
southwest of Copake Iron-Works, at Copake Flats.

village
is
This
1851. William T. Trafford.
1852.
Ransom Andrew Whitbeck.

Rogers.
lSfi5.
Artemus Austin. George Shafer.
very pleasantly situated a
little
southeast of the
1866.
Edmund
centre of the town, on the level ground that formed Livingston's purchase, called Taghkanic.
Shultis.
1853. Willium Elliott.
1867. William Wright, Jr.

1SG8. Junies E. Christie. 1869. George Shafer.
Before the village
Daniel Sheldon.
1854. George
1855.
attained any size the locality was called " the
Copake Flats,"
the stages of
Haywood.
E. Christie.
and
its
this
cognomen has clung
to
it
through
all
James
Paniel Haywood.
1870. George Shafer.
growth.
Located on the principal thoroughfare of the

it
Cornelius Snyder.
1856.
Ransom
James
I.
Rogers.
Nicholas Robison.
.Milo
county from north to south,

inn,
offered a fine stand for an
Snyder.
Van Deuscn.
and the water-power, a short distance north, caused a
1857. Frederick
W. Shattuck.
137 1. Conrad A. Wheeler.
mill to be built there at an early day.
The growth of
has rather been
the
re-
Walter Brusie.
1858. William Murray.
1872.
187.3.
Byron N. Crary. Byron N. Crary.

Nicholas Robinson.
village has never been
rapid, but
it
Martin L. Smith.
1859.
garded as a quiet, pleasant place of residence, and has

tracted the farmers of the vicinity
at-
James E. Chri.-tie. Daniel Haywood.
1S74. William Wright.
who
desired to retire
1875. Peter Wilsey.

1876.
from active business.

very good
class,
The
buildings are generally of a
1860. Fyler D. Sweet.

1861.
John
P. Marshall.
John E. Judson.
George Shafer.
1877.
Wilson Sheldon.
and the
citizens manifest a
commendable
George Shafer.
public spirit in beautifying their grounds with flowers and
1862. Peter Docker.

186.3.
1878. William Wright.
shrubbery.
William Wright.
alwiiys been in favor of licensing the sale
William Murray was an early merchant
at
this
place,
The town has
and Nicholas llobison was the

earliest settlers
first
miller.
Among
the
of intoxicating liquors.
The
first
board of excise of the
were Francis Brusie, Nicholas Brusie, Cor-
town (1824) granted

Sturges,
licenses to Peter
Vandebogart, Peter
nelius Brusie,
Wilhelmus
Viele,
and a family of Millers.
Elisha
all
Williams,
John Parsons, and Catharine of whom were innkeepers. The present year
Wilcox,
of excise elected since the act of
Peter Miller was an early innkeeper, and one of the hotels

still
bears his name.
At
present the village consists of two
there are four licensed hotels in the town.
hotels,
two
stores, a carriage-shop, three blacksmith-shops,
The commissioners
1874 went
a Methodist church, a shoe-shop, a tin-shop, a harness-shop,
into operation
have been as follows,
viz.
1875,
Kissel-
a school-house, and about thirty dwellings.

lage
is
Near the
which
is
vil-
Cornelius Whitbeck, Walter

brack; 187C,
Freelin
Lampman, Peter G.
located the
Copake
opened
trotting-course,
in
a mile-
Norman
;
Niver, Porter Vandebogart; 1877,
track,
and was
first
1856 by Hoffman Sweet and

is
Vandeusen
1878, Benjamin B. Miller.

tie.
The
latter
Lee Chamberlain.
liams.
The
land was leased of Daniel L. Wil-
was appointed, the vote being a
At
present the course
under the control of E.
At
either
the second town-meeting, the citizens passed a law
Halstead.
that every person
who allowed Canada

83
thistles to
go
to seed,
The
third post office
is
located at
West Copake,
is
in
the
upon
his laud or
upon the roadside adjoining

for the benefit of the
his
southwest part of the town.
This place
a small
hamlet,
land, should pay a fine of
poor
containing half a dozen houses, a
summer
hotel,
and a store
fund.
and
are usually held at
post-office.
At
this place,
is
which was formerly called
The town-meetings
occasionally
at
Copake
at
Flats,
but
" Anderson's Corners,''
located the splendid residence of

is
Copake Iron-Works, and

1866,
Craryville.
Henry
Astor, which was built in 1875, and
a
is
much more
very often
Previous to 1866, the town formed one election district;
elegant, imposing,
and
costly building than
but on Oct.
2,
it
was divided into two

first
districts,
the the
seen in such a rural section.
The
fourth and last of these
north and west part forming the
district,
with
post-offices is located at Craryville, in the
northwest corner
polling-place located at Craryville, and the east
and south
of the town.
This place was

if
first settled
all
by Jacob Hagcr-
part forming the second district, with the polling-place at
man, who owned nearly,

the village
is
not quite,
the land on which
Copake
Flats.
post-offices in the town, located in small
situated.
It
was formerly called " Bain's Cor-
There are four

villages
ners,''
after
Peter Bain,
son of
Abraham
Bain, and
and hamlets.
first
grandson of Peter Bain, who was an early

is
settler in
Tagh-
The
tained
of these
"
Copake Iron- Works," located

This village has
at
at-
kanic,
who kept the

It
is
hotel and
owned
considerable prop-
the village bearing the

its
same name.
erty in the place.

to
About 1870
the Bain property was sold
present size in a growth of thirty-three years,
Peter Crary, and the name of the place was changed to

a small village, pleasantly located in
and
is
a direct result of the establishing of the iron-works
" Craryville."
at this place.
In 1845 there was not a dwelling-house

old shanties, hardly
fit
in
the valley of the Copake creek, and contains about eighty

inhabitants.
hotel,
the place.
Two
it
for use as barns,
It has about fifteen dwellings,
two
stores,
one
were the only buildings.

been such that
The growth
of the village has
two wagon and blacksmith-shops, a shoe-shop, and

It is a station
now numbers about

Catholic,
forty dwellings, has
railroad depot.
on the
two
stores,
one hotel, a depot, two churches,
Episcopal and
Roman
the Copake
Protestant
lem
railroad.
111 miles north from
New York and New York, and 16
Harmiles
Iron-Works, on the
south from Chatham.

" North Copake."
The
post-office
was formerly called
and about two hundred inhabitants.
It is a station
New York
miles from
and* Harlem railroad, one hundred and four
In the northeast part of the town, one and a half miles
New
York, and twenty-three miles south of
south from Hillsdale,
is
little
hamlet called the " Black
Chatham.
Grocery."
Post-office,
is
It contains a store,
wagon and blacksmith-shop,

Near by the
The
second, Copake
located
two
miles
and two or three dwellings.
New York and
392

railroad crosses the Roeloff Jansen's Kill, on a long,
NEW
YORK.
The works employ about
fifty
Harlem
times of low water.
hands,
covered bridge, at a considerable height.
and consume annually about eight thousand tons of iron

limited in
well with
ore,
number.
The manufacturing interests of this town are The principal one, and which ranks
is
twelve hundred tons of limestone, and four hundred

fifty
and
thousand bushels of charcoal.

to three
is
The
iron produced
fifty
similar enterprises elsewhere,
the
amounts
year,
thousand seven hundred and
tons per
and
of a fine quality, excellently adapted to the

Its tensile strength
is
COPAKE IRON-WORKS.
This enterprise was
first
making of car-wheels.
thousand
from thirty-two
square inch.
"
established, in the year 1845,
to thirty-seven
thousand pounds
this iron,
to the
Lemuel Pomeroy & Sons," of Pittsfield, The firm was composed of Lemuel Pomeroy, Sr., Mass. Lemuel Pomeroy, Jr., Robert Pomeroy, and Theodore Pomeroy. They had formerly, for a period of about ten years, been running the old Livingston furnace, in Ancram, but, being
by
a firm called "
There are seven grades of

1,"
numbered from
is
>i,
No.
which
is
the softest, to " No. 6," which

iron
is
the hardest.
Most of the
tenacious.
compo.sed of Nos.
4,
and 41, which
are the best adapted to car-wheel work, being both hard
and
is
This irop bears an excellent reputation, and

all
attracted
by the large bed of
fine
ore
and the excellent
shipped to
parts of the country.
water-power, decided to come here and build a new furnace.
The
road.
ore-bed
owned by Mr. Niles and from which most of

is
They immediately erected the necessary commenced the first blast in 1846. The
furnace was some
fifty
buildings,
and
the ore used at the furnace

It
obtained,
lies
near the
rail-
capacity of this
was
first
opened many years ago, but was not
or sixty tons per
month.
In 1848
very extensively worked until the furnace was built in
the " Copake Iron
of Isaac C.
sold to "
Company" was formed by the admission Chesbrough and William L. Pomeroy as mem-
1845.
It is
worked by the "open-cut" method, and sev-
eral difierent cuts
bers of the firm.
An
interest in the business
was soon
after
have been opened. The one now being worked was opened by Mr. Miles, and has been worked to
Hathaway
&
Johnson," of South Adams, Mass.
a depth of sixty feet, furnishing an ore that produces fifty
In 1850 the firm was again reorganized, and Lemuel Pomeroy, Jr., Isaac C.
per cent, of metallic iron in the furnace, and fifty-eight per

cent,
Chesbrough, Robert Pomeroy, and TheoIn

1851-i,
by
assay.
At
present about five thousand tons of ore
dore
Pomeroy became the owners.

died,
Lemuel
are being taken out yearly, the rest of the ore used at the
Pomeroy
and the other three partners continued the
iron-works being brought from Pawling and Amenia, in
business until 1861,
when they
sold to
John Beckley, of
Dutchess county, and from the
Weed mine
in carts,
in
Ancram.
Canaan, Conn., and he, in 1862, sold to the present owner,

Frederick Miles.
In 1847 a forge was built in connection with the furnace
for the
iron,
The
ore
is
drawn from the mine
and
after passing
is
through the Blake crusher and the Bradford washer,
again loaded into carts or wagons and drawn to the furnace.
purpose of converting the cast-iron into wroughtit
The other manufactory was

son's lake,
located at the foot of Robi-
and preparing
and
for use in
the manufacture of carin
and was
first
built as a grist-mill
by the propribeen owned

Miller,
axles and gun-barrels.

this work,
all
heavy trip-hammer was used

1834.
etor of the
after
manor
for
one of his tenants, Nicholas Robison,

It has since
kinds of rod and bar-iron were produced.

in
whom
the lake was named.
This branch of the business was given up

first
For the
by James Robison, Isaiah and Isaac
Griffin, Silas
years of
its
existence the iron produced at this furnace

to
Norman
Messrs.
Pulver, and has finally passed into the hands of
was transported
there by
rail
Hudson
in
carts, to
be shipped from
McArthur & Van Deusen.
It has four run of stone, to one
or water.
In 1852 the Harlem road was

facilities
and employs water-power equivalent

twenty-five horse-power.
hundred and
built through,
and furnished them with increased

was used
Its capacity is
about eight hun-
for transporting their productions.
dred
till
bushels per day.
The
its
old stack or furnace
1872, when the
there.
There is also a saw-mill located While owned by the Robisons a clnthiery was esThis business was afterwards
present one was erected.
It is
about thirty feet square at
tablished there, consisting of a carding-machine and a full-
base, nine feet inner diameter at the boshes,

feet high.
and thirty-
ing and cloth-dressing mill.

carried on
finally
two
It is built of
marble stone, from Dover,
by Edward and Christopher Gernon, and was

thirty-five years ago.
Dutchess Co., and has three tuyere arches, using four threeand-one-fourth-inch tuyeres.
large blowing-cylinders
abandoned about
The
blast
is
furnished by two
run by an overshot wheel
about
FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN COPAKE.
twenty
feet in diameter.
The
air is
heated to a temperato the to

in
About
the year
1832 the Methodists of
this
town began
ture of about
400 degrees Fahrenheit, and applied
hold a series of" grove-meetings" in several different places
furnace under a pre.ssure of five-tenths of a pound to the
the southwest part of Copake and
in the
northern part
square inch.
The
buildings occupied
by the works are
of Ancram.
One
of the places of meeting was near the
nine in number, and the proprietor also owns about twenty

buildings which are occupied by the workmen.
residence of George Niver.
In the
summer
or
fall
of that
railroad
year a class was formed, consisting of a dozen or more

bers,
about three-fourths of a mile long has just been completed,
by the
efforts of
Revs. Richard Hayter and
memEdward
which connects the furnace with the depot, furnishing unsurpassed

facilities
S. Stout.
for
handling of materials and the iron
At the next meeting of men were appointed as preachers at

ings were continued during the
conference these gentlethis place,

it
then being
produced.
foundry for the manufacture of plows and

is
an appointment on the Hillsdale circuit.
The grove-meetof 1833, and re-
other agricultural implements

dition to the
also contemplated.
In ad-
summer
power furnished by the water-wheel, the works

with a fine steam-engine, which
is
sulted in quite an extensive revival of religion, which added
are
supplied
used in
a considerable
number
to the
church, and so strengthened

it
NEW
YORK.
ST.
393
in
numbers, influence, and resources that steps were taken
CHURCH OF
JOHN.
to secuiê the erection of a
house of worship.
As
a pre-
Previously to 1852 Episcopal services were held occasionally in the district school-house at
liminary step, due notice being given, a meeting was held

" at the barn of Peter Miller,". on the 19th of June, 1834,
to incorporate the society.
Copake Iron- Works
Mrs. Aurelia Pomeroy and Mrs. Harriet Chesbrough being

teachers.
William T.
TraflFord
Shaver, Jr., presided, and
John
Portr,
and John John Shaver, Jr.,

I.
The
N.
S.
parish was organized in 1852, at a meeting held for
George Niver, William T. Traffbrd, and Richard

burgh were elected
trustees.
Vos-
the purpose at the residence of Isaac C. Chesbrough, Rev.
Stoughton presiding and William L. Pomeroy acting
subscription was raised
and the
first
church was built
as
secretary.
The
following
officers
;
were elected,
C.
viz.
at the
upper or eastern corners, on lands donated by Elisha

in this or
Lemuel Pomeroy,
junior warden
Jr., S.
;
senior warden
Isaac
Chesbrough,
Wilcox, some time

It
the next year, 1834 or 1835.

belfry,
William L. Pomeroy, Lemuel Pomeroy,
was a plain building without tower or

It
and cost
built,
about $2000.
was used
for
it
till
the
new church was

into,
and was then sold

been used
$400 or $500, and removed

was converted
It is believed
to the
Lee Chamberlain, Sylvester Melius, John D. Groat, Julius Snyder, J. G. Palen, vestrymen. The minute of these proceedings was accepted May 24,
Plainer,
H.
lower corners, where

as,
and has since

or
1852, and signed by Rev. N. S. Stoughton, in the presence

of two witnesses.
ciety
a store.
that this church was
June 17
it
was recorded, and the
so-
dedicated by Rev. Joseph B.

present church was built in the
Wakeley.
fall
The second
was incorporated.
land for a church site and parsonage lot was given
"
and winter of 1853-54,
The
by the
this
during the pastorate of Rev. Marvin R. Lent, and was dedicated
Copake Iron Company," and the members conIn
by Rev. Joseph B. Wakeley, then of
New
York, in
tributed liberally towards a fund to build a church.
the following spring.
This church was built by Jude Sny-
they were assisted by the Trinity church of

at a cost of
New
The
York,
size
der, in the burying-ground,
and cost about $3500.

fifty
It will
and a church was erected

the main building
cel
is
$3000.
of
comfortably seat about three hundred and
persons.
thirty
by
forty-five feet, with a
chan-
Soon
and used
after, a
parsonage was purchased of a Mr. Brown,

It
is still
fifteen
by twenty-two
feet.
It furnishes comfortable It
at a cost of
about $1 400.
owned by the church
sittings for
one hundred and
fifty persons.
was conse'
for a ministerial residence.

is
The
present valuation
crated on St. Peter's day,
June
29, 1852, and received into
of the entire church property
about $4000.
the jurisdiction of the bishop of
New York
by the Rev.
The
trustees before
with their several

the church.
named and John Williams, together wives, were among the first members of
Carlton Chase, of
New Haven,
performing episcopal duties
at the request of the standing committee of the diocese of
George Niver and
Wm.
T. Trafford were the
New
York.
first class-leaders.
Prior to the settling of a rector over this parish, service
The
Bain,
present officers are Darius
William Northrop, James Peck,
Bogart,
John Lyke, Henry Lloyd,

;
Van Deusen, John P. Ward Van De Charles Lloyd, Norman
was held by various clergymen, among others by Revs. N. S. Stoughton, H. Wheaton, Dr. Berrian, Haight, and Anthon, the three
lowed by Revs. E.
last all
of
New
S.
York.
The
first
Decker, stewards
the six
first
named, Henry Niver,

;
Am-
resident rector was Rev. William T.
Ludlum.
He
was
fol-
brose Williams, Wesley Holsapple, trustees

throp,
William Nor-
W.
Hager, Peter
Ruth, P. 0. Barton,
Henry Lloyd,
class-leaders.
hundred and
of
ten, fifty-five of that
The membership is two number being probationers.
William A. Leach, J.
Joseph Johnson,
Babcock, and Levi Johnston.
Services have also been conducted at the church by Revs.
The ministers who have preached at this church, and all whom, with the exception of the seven first named, have
viz.
:
W.
C. Brant,
Hale, and Rev. R. C.

is
Terry, of Hudson, N. Y.
a pastor.
The church
is
is
at present without
been regularly stationed here, are as follows,

Revs. Richard Hayter,
The membership
officers
quite small.
The present
Edward
S. Stout, S. L. Stillman,
valuation of the church property
about $5000.
C.
D. B. Ostrander, J. Carley,
W.
Lull,
Jr.,
Charles C. Keyes,
The
warden
present
;
are
Isaac
Chesbrough, senior
;
D. B. Osborn,
W.
Lull,
A. Bushnell,
Alonzo G. Shears,
Lemuel Pomeroy, junior warden
H. T. Goodale,
David Holmes, David Plumb, Levi Warner, Matthew Van

Deusen, William Gothard, Aaron Hunt,
L.
William Wright, William A. Miles, Darius Weed, Peter
Mc
Jr., Loren Clark, K. Pease, Loyal B. Andrus, Jeremiah Ham, Aaron
N. Campbell, Asa Martin, F. P. Miles, Lott Cook, vestry-
men Wm. A.
;
Miles, treasurer
Lemuel Pomeroy,
secretary.
Hunt,
Jr.,
Cyrus G. Prindle, Marvin R. Lent, Isaac
H.
ST.
Lent, Alpheus C. Gallahue, C. Fuller, Charles Gorse, Loyal
Bridget's
roman catholic church.
B. Andrus,
Lent,
B.
M. Genung, Marvin R. Lent,
Isaac
H.
Religious services were held at Copake Iron-Works, in

the house of Michael Herihy, by the Rev. James S. O'Sullivan,
Thomas
Ellis, J.
H.
Phillips, J. G. Slater,
and J. H.
Michell, the present pastor,

year.
who
is
now serving
in his third
of Hudson, from 1855 to 1867.

to
At
that time
it
was
thought best
in connection
build a church, and steps were taken to
The Sabbath-school
with this church
is in
secure
in
a prosperous cundicion, having a
membership of one hun-
dred and seventy, and a library of about four hundred vol-
umes.
The
officers arc
Rev. J. U. Michell, superintendent

;
It was commenced in 18G6, and finished The mission was attached to Chatham parish in February, 1873, under the pastoral care of Rev. James J. Moriarty, A.M., who is still ministering to the people.
its erection.
1867.
William Northrop, assistant superintendent

roughs, secretary;
librarian.
Charles Bur-
Oct.
31,
1875, the church was formally dedicated, and
John Lyke,
treasurer; Charles Roberts,
seventy persons confirmed by Rt. Rev. Francis McNierney,
Bishop of Albany.
50
394

will seat
NEW
YORK.
The church, which

85000.
two hundred persons, cost
" Catharine Brusie," " Nicholas C. Brusie," and " Christina,
Present valuation about the same.
wife of
in
Ephraim Race,"
1797.
is
in
1796
and " Abraham A.

" Lyall
Previous to Father O'Sullivan's ministrations. Rev. William Howard, of Hudson, held service.s.
Decker,"
He
first
began
The second ground

ing-ground," and
is
now known
as the
bury-
about 1849.
located near the
Reformed Protestant
The congregation now

Murnane.
consists of forty-five families.
The
present lay trustees are Michael
Herlihy and Matthew
Dutch church in the western part of Copake. It received this name from the " Lyall church," so called after the
Rev. William Lyall, who was
its
pastor for
many
years,
6,
and
now
lies
buried in this cemetery.
He
died
May
1868,
EEFORMED PROTESTANT DUTCH CeURCH.

This church
of Copake, and
a
is is
aged seventy years.
This ground contains but one stone

It is that of " Eliza-
situated in the western part of the
town
that antedates the present century. beth, wife of
generally
known
as " the Lyall church,"
Abraham Commer," who

is
died
March 22,
name which
its
it
derived from the Rev. William Lyall,
who
1794, aged thirty-four years.
was
pastor for a
"
number of years.
Lyall,
He
was known popu-
The
There
third
ground
It
is
pleasantly located a half-mile west

" Niver burying-ground."
larly as
Dominie"
and died while pastor of this

it.
of Craryville.
is
called the
church.
He
is
buried in the ground adjoining

offshoot
but one stone dated before 1800 the inscription
The church was an

"
of the
'
Greenbush" or
is
on which can be deciphered. of some

being, "
.
This
is
evidently the grave"
Vedder" church,
in Grallatin.
The
present pastor
Rev.
member of
E.
the Whitbeck family, the inscription
Garretson, who, by his neglect to furnish a good history of his church, forces us to pass
notice.
it
W.
BORN GUNE
1752
DIED
the
by with
this brief
APRIL
10 1785."
There are several old
slate slabs,
inscriptions on
which have been effaced by the waste and

a small one located in the northcalled the " Williams burying-
wear of the elements.
CEMETERIES.
There are four cemeteries
in Copake.
is
The
They
are called
fourth ground
is
east part of the town,
and
town cemeteries, and a sexton

at the annual town-meeting.
appointed for each ground

first
ground."
The
record of these ap-
pointments
to
is
found
in the
year 1836,
when
it
was " voted
have a grave-digger appointed at each burying-ground,
The town of Copake was active in furnishing troops and money during the late war. It furnished a total of one hundred and sixty-six men, and raised money as follows,
viz.
and paid by the town."
appoint the grave-diggers, and
The meeting then proceeded fix the amount they were

Miller's,"
to
to
receive for their services on each occasion, as follows, viz.:
At
the
"burying-ground near Peter

;
John F.
Brusie, fee 81
at
the " burying-ground at Presbyterian

I.
In 1862, on credit of the town " 1863, by town tax " 1864, " " " 1865, " " " " on credit of the town
Total
$3,300.00 1,557.00 41,666.82 1,822.10 21,363;00
meeting-house," Philip
Lown,
fee
$1.37 J
at the " bury;
$70,208.92
ing-ground near Christian Niver's," David Taylor, fee $1
and
at the " burying-ground near

;
David Williams'," Thomas

for
Williams, fee $1
and a tax of $50 was voted

these,
expenses
amount $65,773.12 was paid out as bounties for volunteers, and $1122.50 for expenses of enlisting them.
this
Of
of grave-digging.
one,
is
The first of more commonly known as

It is situated It contains
and
also the oldest
The
State refunded to the town the
sum of $21,100 of
this
the Copake Flats burying-
amount.
ground.
in the lot of the
Methodist Epis-
The town bonds

gross
issued were sixteen in number, and of
copal church.
is
about two acres of ground, and

of the stones and monu-
various amounts, ranging from
$300
to
$5000
each.
The
quite full of graves.
Many
amount of
the bonds was $21,363.
ments are costly and of

lacks the
fine designs.
The ground, however,
symmetry of arrangement, the walks and drives, and the results of care and labor that ought to characterize
our
cities
of the dead.
is
The
earliest date
on any of the
tombstones
borne by a slab of gray stone, the inscription

viz.
:
ALFRED DOUGLAS,
was born
in
on which reads as follows,

Oct. 23d, 1757."
"
Abraham
Spoor, died
all
Among
the other early graves (nearly
JR.,
of which are marked by smooth slabs of black slate more or less elaborately carved) are found the following: " Gashe,
wife of Mr.
New York city,
in
1829, and died at his country
residence, at Copake, N. Y., Tuesday, Oct. 3, 1876, at the
Abraham
Spoor, died
May
;
3,
1777, in her 63d
age of forty-seven years.

Douglas,
He was
the
first
son of Earl
year;" " Arnaut Viele," and " Catharine

;
Van Keuren,"
in
who was
of old Scottish ancestry, of which his-
1776 " Francis Brusie," in 1780 " Elizabeth, wife of Wilhelmus Viele," in 1785 Isaac Spoor, Esfj.," in
'
;
tory has recorded so
many
is
valiant deeds.
The genealogy
interest,
of the Douglas
fiimily
of great
historic
em-
17SU;
"
James Robison, who

in
fell
cidental discharge of a gun.
Juno 2, 1791, by ye acAged 51 years ;" " Nicholas

Lawrence,"
in
bracing as
it
does the
name
of Richard Douglas, one of
the Pilgrims,
the year
who came from

in
Scotland to this country in

,
McArtiiur,"
1793-;
"Silence
;
" Rebecca Lott," in "
1793
" Eleanor Brusie," in

in
1795; 1794
;
1649, landing at Plymouth, Mass
and subse-
quently settling
ary
Andrew
C. Brusie,"
and " Cornelius Brusie,"
1795
The Revolutionfame of Captain Richard Douglas, who was a lieutenLondon, Conn.
New

ant in the regiment
is
NEW
YORK.
commanded by Marquis de
Lafayette,
ing spot he selected was one on which nature had wtll-
recorded in " Marshall's Life of Washington."
To
all
nigh exhausted her lavish hand, and
it
was
his pride
and
who knew him, Alfred

all
Douglas, Jr., was synonymous with
that was generous and good.
In person he was
re-
happiness to seek this new Switzerland and gaze upon its picturesque scenery and the beautiful and artistic buildings
markably handsome, and one upon

rest the seal of royalty to the noble
whom
there seemed to
with which he Lad surrounded
it.
The well-known Bash-
both in looks and bearing.
True
name from which he descended, he was always

In his business and in his social
life
Bish Falls, so frequently painted by eminent artists, he considered the gem of his place, and the music of its
waters had an untold charm for his refined
taste.
dignified
and kind.
It
was
he was universally respected and admired.

tionary blood entitled
cinnati society,
His Revolu-
listening to the roar of that cataract
and under the shade

veil
him
to a
membership of the Cintract of land,
of those mountains that he threw aside the

world, and passed into the great
fully as a tired child,
of this
peace-
a position of
which he was justly proud.
unknown calmly and

the
full
Mr. Douglas' country home embraced a large
happy
in
consciousness and
lying one half in Massachusetts, the other in Columbia Co.,
belief of the redemption of souls
by our Lord and Saviour
New York
tiful
State,
surrounded on every side by those beau-
Jesus Christ.
not be
the
filled,
His departure has made a void which canand his image

will
mountains so often made the subject of song by our

poets,
never fade away so long as

the altars of hearts
American
and there he spent the greater portion of
incense of
memory burns upon
his leisure time, embellishing
and beautifying.
The charm-
that loved him.
TAGHKANIC.
This
is
an inteiior town, lying south of the centre of
The
territory within
the boundaries of this town

all
is
the county, bounded on the north by Clavenick and Hillsdale, east
part of the old Livingston manor, and nearly
the lands
by Copake, south by Gallatin and Ancram, and

It is centrally distant
were held by
lease until
fee,
about 184-t, when they began to
west by Livingston.
from Hudson
be conveyed in
and now there are but a few farms that
ten miles in a southeasterly direction, and contains an area
of twenty-two thousand nine hundred and "fifty-nine acres,

of which five thousand nine hundred and sixty-eight acres
are
unimproved land.
In population
in
it
ranks as the fifteenth
are owned by the members of the Livingston family. The amount of their assessment is 86713, while the total amount of the town's assessment is 8766,920. The first settlement of this town was made during the
first
1875 a population of fourteen hundred and one. In 1860 it was seventeen hundred and seventeen in 1865, fourteen hundred and seventy-two and in 1870, fourteen hundred and eighty-five. Its form is
town of the county, having
;
quarter of the eighteenth century by Dutch and Geremigrants,

to lease
man
who were induced by

farms from him.
the proprietor of the

a
manor
Class,
On
Beatty, in 1714, the residences of families
map published by named Witbeck,

in the present
an irregular parallelogram, seven and one-fourth miles from

east to west on
its
and Brusie are located near Copake creek, but one
south boundary, and six and one-half

its
of these, at least (the Whitbecks), was located
miles from north to south on
east line.
town of Copake.
The
general settlement of this part of

later,
The
surface of the town
is
hilly.
In the south and in
the manor did not take place until several years
the north part of the town they rise to considerable heights,

in the central
probably about 1750,
though
very
from the meagre records

anything like
part they are
more broken, and along the

boundary.
and scant traditions

a correct, not to say
their settlements.
it is
difficult to get
western line of the town they extend in a high ridge from
full,
knowledge of the
first settlers
and
Copake creek
kanic
is
to
the south
The
soil
of Tagh-
The system of
feudalism that so long

ill
generally a gravelly and slaty loam, and quite pro-
oppressed the people of this section was
suited to en-
ductive.
The The
hills are
generally arable to their summits,
courage the preservation of historical records or incidents.

Families
another,
rare
but many of them are wooded, and some too rocky for cultivation.
were
constantly
removing
from one place
to
in
abolition
of the feudal system of leasing
some were emigrating
to the west,
and only
the lands has resulted in a marked improvement in the
instances did
the original homestead pass from one
method of working the
lands,
and has aroused a
spirit
of
generation to another.
recollection of
Indeed, in
this town, within the
emulation among the farmers that has led
to the erection
one gentleman now living at the age of up-
of better, more commodious, and more convenient buildings.
wards of eighty years, every farm with but two exceptions

has changed owners at least once, and
eral
This change has been so great that the face of the
many of them
sev-
country presents a
much more
is
cheerful, thrifty, and pleasall
times.
For these reasons we

(called
are able to give but a
ant appearance, that

best lands
in the
lie
remarked by
observers.
The
meagre sketch of the early inhabitants of the town.

George Smith
bors)
to the
along the course of Copake creek, and extend,
Yerry Schmidt by his Dutch neighto
form of a quarter-circle, from the northeast corner

near the middle of the western boundary.
came from Germany
America many years previous
to a point
breaking out of the Revolution, probably about 1755
The
"
principal
stream
is
this
creek, sometimes
it
called
-60.
He
leased a
huge
tract of fertile land in the east part
Taghkanic creek," but

lake,
is
incorrectly, as
is
the outlet of
"
of the town, lying on the banks of the Copake creek, and

containing about two hundred and forty acres.
great-grandson,
stead,
Copake
kanic"
and the waters from which the term
TaghThis
His greatunusual
derived are found farther south and east.
John
L. Smith,
now
occupies the home-
creek has some twenty tributary streams of more or less

size,
which has thus remained
in the family for the
the principal one being

in
the
outlet of the Chrysler
term of a century and a quarter.

lease until
The farm was

soil
held under
pond
Copake, which outlet joins Copake creek about

its
about 1838, when the
was purchased by a
homestead with his
midway of
The banks of the creek are generally low and rocky, but rise to some height in a few places. The valley is narrow, and the lands slope from it pretty steeply. The course of the creek is quite
course in
this
town.
grandson and a great-grandson,

the latter of
son.
Adam
and Killian A. Smith,
whom
is still
living on the
George had two sons, Killian and John.

his
father,
east,
The former
latter
occupied the homestead after

leased a
'
and the
rapid,
and the numerous
falls
is
offer several
fine
mill-seats.
farm
adjoining
it
on the
known
as
the
One
of the best of these
at
New
Forge, where the stream
Christie" farm, and

I.
now owned by
Killian
A. Smith.
descends about one hundred feet in a distance of about forty

or fifty rods.
Killian
Smith, another grcatgrand.son, and son of John
Another excellent
fall is
near the west part
2d, was a blacksmith, and settled in the south part of the
of the town, at Ham's mills.

3'JG
town near
New
For^c, and worked at his trade there.

SOD of
kanic.
his,
NEW
He
YORK.
village,
397
John K. Smith,
I.,
is
now
living at
West Tagh-
neighborhood of Taghkanic
ern there.
Miller,
and kept the
first tavI.
Jacob Smith, a merchant
at Valley Falls, near Prov-
was succeeded
the inn for
in that business
by Jonas
idence, R.
and Mrs. Hannah Williams, of Hillsdale, are

a native of
who kept
many
years,
and established a
business for
great-grandchildren of George Smith.
reputation as a successful landlord.
The town
in
Henry Avery,
New London,
Conn., came to
many
years was transacted at that house.

Sliufelt occupied a
this part of the country about the year 1790,
and opened a
five years.
Jeremiah
farm
the northeastern
blacksmith-shop at Taghkanic, where he remained
part of the town.
He
then removed
to
West Taghkanic, then
called
Miller's
John Bain, John Brusie, and the

Schurtz were early
settlers
families of Miller
and
Corners, and leased a farm, containing two hundred and

fifty-two acres, of
of the eastern part of the town.
James D. and Walter Livingston.
He
They
Sil-
In the southern part
had a large family, consisting of thirteen children

and seven daughters.
six sons
Adam
1818
I.
Strevel took
Thomas Coons, Alexander Tanner, and up farms at an early date. The latter
in
politics,
Of
these four are

;
still
living.
was quite prominent

to
and was supervisor from
are Mrs. Sally Buckbee, of Peekskill

vernail
Mrs. Elizabeth
;
1823, and again
in
1825.
He was
justice of the
and Mrs. Caroline Kells, of Waukesha, Wis.

still
and
peace from 1815 to 1831.
Solomon Avery, who
resides on the homestead.
Henry
Among
the earliest settlers in the western part of the

Best,
Avery was
offices
man
of considerable prominence in the town,
town were John

Decker, Wendell
Nicholas
Van
Deu.sen,
Andrew
and was frequently and almost continuously the recipient of

of trust at the hands of his fellow-townsmen.
Ham,
Philip Houghtaling, William Blass,
He
wa-s
once collector of taxes when the town (Livingston)
Whiting Hinsdale, and James Decker. Jacob Boyce, Joseph Bachman, David Riphenburgh,
Jacob Haner, Jacob
Coonradt
Miller, John Waldorph, John Friss, John Nichols, John Lown, Philip Ringsdorph, Wilhelmus Row, Jonas Bortle, Henry S.
I.
included the present towns of Livingston, Taghkanic, Copake, Grdllatin, and Ancram.'
aTid
He was
also elected to other
Silvernail,
more important
trusts,
and upon the division of the

first
town, in 1803, was elected as the
supervisor of the
Miller,
and Philip Coons were
also early settlers in different
new town of Granger, and continued

twelve consecutive
years.
to hold that office for
parts of the town.
same
tive.
office in later years.
for twenty-four years
twenty-one of them
He was twice elected to the He was a justice of the peace

being consecuall
Gilbert Oakley
came from some point on the Hudson

Copake
line,
and
settled in this town, near the
on the farm
now owned by John McNeil, some

lution.
years before the Revogirls.
He
died in 1854, honored and respected by
who
His family consisted of three boys and three

I.
knew him.
Fite Miller was perhaps as widely
Two
known throughout the
of his grandsons, Isaac and Jacob
Oakley, are now
living in Copake.
county as any one of the citizens of this town.

to the western part of the in the
He came
This town was taken from Livingston, and comprised the

present towns of Taghkanic and Copake.
as " Granger," to It
town
at an early day,
and engaged
was formed
keeping of an inn.
the corners, which for
The location he selected was at a number of years bore his name,

to
March 19, 1803. Its name was changed Taghkanic March 25, 1814, and in 1824 the town was
part was
called
upon the main road from Salisbury

tation for the fine
Hudson.
He
Wiis
divided, and the eastern
Copake.
this
The
town
very successful in his business, and established a high repu-
name
" Taghkanic,"
which not only designates
accommodations and excellent entertain-
but also the high range of mountains lying along the east
border of the county, on the Massachusetts
dian derivation.
in
line, is
ment furnished
his guests.
The road was much
traveled
of In-
by teams from the iron-works at Salisbury, Ancram, and New Forge, which were used to transport the product of
those furnaces to the river for shipment, and also by large
On
the western face of " Old Tom's Hill,"
Copake,
is
a spring of an intermittent character to which
the Indians used to resort,

sions, for a
numbers of emigrants on
to the
their
way from the
eastern States
camping
place.
then wilderness of western
New
York.
Through
clear, sweet,
and cold,
when on their hunting excurThe waters of the spring were and many a white man has since
This spring the Indians
to said
means the name and fame of Fite Miller were spread abroad, and travelers to the westward were constantly asthese
sailed
slaked his thirst at this fountain.

called
" Tok-kon'-nik,"
by some
signify
" water
with questions
regarding his
continued existence
enough," and by others

ter,
to describe its intermittent charac-
and prosperity.
The
far
hotel building remained standing for
"come and
Cayuga
go."
to a
From
is
the fact that the same

full
name
is
many
years.
As
back as 1812
it
was an old building,
has been given

into
picturesque
it
on a stream emptying
the
and must have been erected as early
as
1755
or 1760.
lake,
more
likely that the first
Friend Sheldon was a prominent citizen, and held the

offices
better version.
From
this spring the

flats,
name
finally
became
to
of justice of the peace and supervisor and

offices.
many
for
attached to the surrounding
and eventually
the
other town
period of
He
was a justice of the peace
mountains.
Upon
the division of the town the part which

flats
about twenty-one years.
His farm was just

in the
was then entirely separated from the spring, the

the mountains, retained the name,
the good taste of those persons
charge.
and
north of the Avery place.
a fact not flattering to
The Shaver
family was
visor
family were
south part of the town.
Adam
I.
among the earlier settlers One of the descendants Shaver, who held the offices of
who had
the business in
of the
super-
The
first
meeting of the new town was

is
held at the
village
;
and justice of the peace, and represented the
district
house of Jonas Miller, at what
now Taghkanic
in the
Assembly
in
1836.
earliest settler in the
and from 1803
until
1830. a period of twenty-seven years,

all
William Ilockcfollor was about the
the town-meetings were
held at this same place.
: :
398

following
is
NEW
YORK.
The
a true copy of the record of the
first
town-meetJDg
Page
"
1.
Grasceb, April 5th,lS03.
At the
first
anniversary town-meeting
held in said town, at the dwelling-house of Jonas Miller, in said town, on the day and year first above written, present: Thomsis Trafford,
Daniel Touoray, justices of the peace. At which meeting the following persons were duly elected to the following ofiSces, to wit Jacob Decker, town clerk; Henry Avery, supervisor; Fite Miller, Philip P. Rocke:
feller,
Nicholas Robinson, assessors
Jacob
Feller, Tiell Rockefeller,

;
Moses Rowley, commissioners of highways Philip P. Rockefeller, Jacob Feller, overseers of the poor Philip P. Rockefeller, collector Calvin Lawrence, Michael Wheeler, constables Jonas Miller, poundkeeper; John Washburn, Peter Bain, Fite Miller, fence-viewers. " At the above meeting the freeholders and inhabitants of said town voted to raise $125 by tax on said town for the support of the
; ;
poor the ensuing year.
" Recorded by me, " Jacob C. Decker,
Toion Clerk."
The town-meetings,
to
until the
town was divided, continued

This practice has
be held
at
Taghkanic, but soon after they began to be
held sometimes at
West
Taghlcanic.
;
been continued to the present
each town-meeting fixing
the place at which the town elections shall be held for the
year ensuing.
The town forms but one

town
is
election district.
In
politics the
list
decidedly Democratic.
The foUow-
ng
contains the names of the supervisors, town clerks,
justices of the peace,
and
collectors since the organization
of the town
TOWN
OFFICERS FROM 1803 TO 1878.
RESroENCE
or
SAMUEL
L.^YERS,TaGHKAnic.Colums/a Co,N

1838.
NEW
YORK.
399
400
owing

to its
NEW
YORK.
the shop
is
is
being a point on the
Hudson and Salisbury

it
The product of
from seventy-five
year.
principally plows, of
fifty
which
road where five roads centre, maicing
a convenient gather-
to
one hundred and
are
made each
ing-place for the people of this part of the town.
Taghkanic
is
a small hamlet a
little
east of the centre of
The custom work done in additiou amounts to about 82000 per annum, furnishing employment to three pereons.
ham's mills
the town, containing an Evangelical
Lutheran church, a
and half
are located on
store, a hotel, a blacksmith-shop, a harness-shop,
a dozen houses.
The
first
hotel kept here
was Jonas Miller's
Copake
creek, in the western part of the
house, and previous to the division of the town this was the place where the town business was mostly done.
town of Taghkanic, on the Hudson and Salisbury turnpike,
and about midway between West Taghkanic

mills.
and
and
full-
New
in
Forge, situated at the lower bend of Copake creek,
Glenco
the
south part of the town, about equidistant from

at
About 1825, William Gardner came

built a carding-mill,
to this location
Taghkanic and West Taghkanic, was

ings erected
one time a place of
which was subscqently used as a
considerable importance in this vicinity.
The
first
build-
ing-mill
and
grist-mill,
and was known as " Gardner's

a practical mechanic
here were the forg&s, residence, and tenant-
Mills."
houses of the Livingstons, which were built prior to the

Revolution.
In 1850, Peter P.
Ham,
and
mill-
The
forge
stood about on the site of the
wright, purchased the premises, and two years later built

the
present mill, and aftr running a few years was abandoned
present grist and
flouring-mill,
which
is
a two-story
about 1790.
within the
The trip-hammer used there was in existence memory of some of the present citizens of the
test
building, thirty-two by forty -two feet, and has a capacity of
twenty-five barrels of flour per day.

chiefly for general
This mill
is
now used
town,
who
used to
the strength of their youthful muscles
custom work.
erected a three-story building, thirty-
by endeavoring
to lift it
from the ground.

to
In 1868, Mr.
the forge was a
Ham
in
The
istence,
race
which conveyed the water
two by thirty-six
for
feet, for
a flouring-mill, and used

this building
it
as
such
narrow channel cut out of the
slate rock,
and
is still
in ex-
some time, but
1872
was converted into
though somewhat choked up with accumulations of
hub-factory and general wood-working shop, furnished

full
earth and dibria.
The Livingston
It stood
residence, at one time

is
with a
complement of the most approved and approIn this mill are made annually from
occupied by Robert Swift Livingston,

lapidated state.
now
in a
very di-
priate machinery.
on a
rise
of ground west of the
three thousand to four thousand sets of carriage and wagon-
old forge, in a grove of forest-trees,
and was a commodious
hubs, of
all
styles
and
sizes.
These hubs are made of the which are purchased
house and pleasantly situated.
best red-elm timber, large quantities of
Subsequent
to the
abandoning of the forge, several build-
yearly from farmers in this vicinity, and the annual product
ings were erected there.

mill,
The upper
building was a grist-
amounts
to
about 610,000.
the middle one was a blacksmith-shop, and the lower
In 1877, Mr.
Ham
erected another building, twenty-two
one was a feed and plaster-mill.

standing.
These buildings arc
still
by eighty
feet, for
a saw-mill, and immediately put in an
At
the same time there was a store kept in a

.
improved
mill,
with a forty-eight-inch circular saw.
This
building that stood a
little
west of the mill near the road.
mill has a capacity of four
thousand
feet per day,
and does
was burned down.

years ago.
About twenty years ago the store, then kept by John Link, The grist-mill stopped soon after, and
a large
amount of
.sawing of every description.
Mr.
Ham
also
has a cider-mill on the premises, which

to
the plaster and feed-mill was stopped some eight or nine
makes from eight hundred

per year.
one thousand barrels of cider
now
in
None of the use. The creek

falls
buildings except two dwellings are

at this point runs in a double curve
The power
to
run this extensive machinery
is
furnished
or form of the letter S, and in a distance of less than a
by three iron turbine water-wheels, having an aggregate of

eighty-five horse-power.
quarter of a mile
feet.
a distance of more than a hundred

is
The
eastern bank
rocky and precipitous, clothed
Mr.
and
Ham
is
an ingenious mechanic, and an industrious

richly
with a dark growth of pines intermixed with other trees,
skillful
workman, and
deserves the extensive

is
and presents a very picturesque appearance.

called
The
place was
patronage with which his business enterprise
favored far
New
Forge
to distinguish it
from the " old forge" at
and near.
This town was the scene of much violent excitement
during the anti-rent troubles of 1844, and although no
actual conflict of
Ancram.
in the
small part of the village of
Churchtown
lies
extreme northeast corner of the town.

interests of this
The manufacturing
sive,
town are not exten-
arms occurred,
for a long
time the people
being limited
to
two establishments.
were so greatly stirred up that such an event seemed imminent.
In the month of November a meeting was held, at

"
MILO decker's plow AND WAGON SHOP

is
which the
Taghkanic Mutual Association" was formed.

1.
located on the outlet of Chrysler's pond, near the south-
John
I.
I.
Johnson, president; James M. Strever, George
comer of the town. It was first built about 1820, by John C. Wheeler, and has since been owned and operated by Peter C. Wheeler, Hiram Wheeler, John G. Lower, and
east
its
Rossman, Peter Poucher, Samuel A. Tanner, and George

Finkle,
vice-presidents;
Philip
B.
;
Miller,
treasurer;
Anthony Poucher, recording

corresponding secretary
;
secretary
Peter
Poucher,
present owner, Milo Decker.
and John Bain and James M.
The wagon and blacksmith-shop

forty feet,
is
twenty-four feet by
size.
Strever, executive committee, were the officers of the association.
and the furnace
is
of the same
The power
Tlie meetings were held principally at the house

at Taghkanic,
used
is
furnished by the creek.
of
James Yager,
and the members generally

appeared in fantastic disguises, made of bright-colored
ico, cal-
NEW
&
YORK.
<t
401
them
to
renounce thare honest integrity of honesty,

fudal sistoms."
submit
to
op-
with their faces painted in Indian style or screened by
pression, frauds,
hideous masks.
After the killing of
W. H.
Rifenburgh, at a meeting at
Smoky Hollow,
vail,
EBENEZER METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF WEST TAGHKANIC.
in
Claverack, wiser counsel began to pre-
and hot blood was cooled by the appreciation of the
As
at
a result of an irregular series of meetings held
by
true tendencies of the movement.
The
association
was
ministers from other places, a Methodist class was formed
abandoned, and the opponents of the rent system adopted

other and better means to accomplish their aims.
It
was during
this time of turmoil that the destruction

fire
of buildings by
and the
killing of animals
by
.shot or
West Taghkanic (then called Lapham's) by Rev. Lewis The class was comPease in the summer of 1842. posed of fifteen members Ira Williams, Clarissa Williams, Henry Sheldon, Catharine E. Sheldon, Robert A. Rora-
McK.
poison marked the bitter feelings engendered by the mis-
back, Jane Rorabaek,
Fite
Rockefeller,
Solomon Avery,
chievous harangues to which the anti-renters were treated
Esther Rockefeller, Polly Allen, Leonard
Ham, Eleanor
by their demagogue speakers.

ingston property at
fully fired,
The
buildings on the Liv-
Ham, Heena
Sheldon, John K. Smith, and Sylvia Smith.

first
New
Forge were several times unsuccessin
Ira Williams was the
class-leader,
and Henry Shel-
and two stacks of hay
near proximity were
don, Robert A. Rorabaek, and Fite Rockefeller were the

first
to ashes. A large barn owned by Lapham & MilWest Taghkanic, was burned, and an unsuccessful attempt was made on the barn of Mr. Stephen Ham, about a mile east of West Taghkanic. Two attempts were made to bum the buildings of Robert H. Bush, who had in some manner incurred the bitter hatred of the reckless incen-
burned
of
stewards.
The
society held their meeting for a while
ler,
in the school-house,
and
in the spring of
1843 took
steps to
build a church.
a pleasant site
Mrs. Julia C. Livingston having donated
on the high ground east of the creek, a frame

fifty feet in size
church forty by
was erected thereon,
at a
cost of about 81500.
diaries
and
at
one of these times a guard was stationed

fire
to
The sermon at the dedication of this building was delivered by Rev. John Crawford, of Hudson.
for a period
watch the house-door while the

instructions to shoot
was being
started, with
to
This building was used
of twenty years, and

for
down whoever appeared
put a stop
was then
(in
1863) sold
it
to
Stephen H. Platner
Blue Store
in
$150,
to their nefarious operations.
No
one appeared, however,

to set
and he removed
of Livingston.
to the village of
the town
and the infernal machine which they depended upon

the
fire
Work
on the second and present church
going became smothered by
its
own smoke.
work were Alexanupon
their
The
der
incendiaries employed to do this
was immediately begun, and, under the charge of Robert L. Burdick, of Hillsdale, was pressed rapidly to completion.
Decker and Perez Allen.
Allen,
being
The building
five
is
forty
by
sixty feet, will seat from four to
arrested, turned State's evidence,
and
wa.s released.
Decker
It
hundred people,
J.
cost about
86500, and was dedicated

in the fall of 1863.
It
is
was put upon "jail

is
limits,"
and suddenly disappeared.
by Revs. Fox and

a pleasant
little
K. Wardle
is
generally believed that he was spirited
away by persons
he was able
foully
church, and
picturesquely perched upon
connected with the anti-renters, against

to give
whom
the side of a
hill
overlooking the village.

built in
damaging evidence, and that he was
murdered
the most
The parsonage was The church property
1843, on a portion of the
to insure his silence.
The Finkle family were
land procured of Mrs. Livingston.

is
conspicuous
among
the anti-renters of this section.
Joseph
now valued
at
about S9000.
The
W.
Finkle and his sons were very troublesome, and had

conflicts
present officers of the church are Robert A. Rorabaek, Solo-
numerous
ters
with the
officers
of the law
who were
sent to serve legal processes upon them.
In these encoun-
mon Avery, Ira Myers, Norman
Williams, Leonard
Niver,
;
Ham,
Best,
Sr.,
A. Marshall
Henry E.
Cornelius
Ham,
they invariably came
ofiF
victorious, secured
and burned
John Proper, stewards
Robert A. Rorabaek, Robert Bush,
the papers, and in

precipitate retreat
some
cases caused the officers to beat a

for
William Sheldon, Ira Williams, Leonard Ham, A. Marshall

Myers, Samuel L. Myers, Solomon Avery, Elias Smith,
trustees;
and pursued them
some
miles.
At
one time the sheriff's posse, composed of a force of
New
George E. Best,
class-leader.
The
pastors
viz.
:
in
York
city roughs,
who were employed

to
for the express pur-
the order of their service have been as follows,
Revs.
pose of conquering these hitherto invincible Finklea, came

to the
Lewis McKendree Pease, John Campbell, Lorin Clark, Jeremiah Ham, Samuel M. Knapp, Thomas Jerrolds, Aaron Hunt,
Ellis,
Ellis,
house and were admitted
the
room where the

time the
family was.
As
soon as the bu.siness of the visitors became
Jr.,
Harrison C.
Elliott,
Humphrey,
Ira
Ferris,
Thomas
J.
known
a fierce fight began,
and
in a short space of
to
flight.
Joseph
Aaron Coons, Jolin
J.
Graw, .Thomas
New
the
Yorkers were whipped and put Sing Sing prison.
Three of
perjury,
Henry H.
Birkins,
Abram
Davis,
Aaron Coons,
young Finkles were afterwards convicted of

to
Chester Hoyt, Robert Hunt, William Hall, R. H. Travis,
and sentenced
During
their imprison-
and William M. Chipp, the present

early
pastor,
who began
his
ment the
that
father died, and was buried in the Lyall cemetery,
term of service here in the spring of 1878.

preachers in this vicinity were Revs.
Crispell,
Among
Delos
the
in the town of Copake.
On
is
the unpretending
monument
:
Lull,
marks
his resting-place
of Joseph
the following inscription

died Sept.
7,
Van Wagoner, and Holmes.

was impressed with the ne-
"In memory
W.
Finkle,
1849, aged 76
In 1870, Mr. Isaac Shaurman, one of the members living

at
years, 11 mooths,
16 days, wb-ise death was caused through per-
Glenco
Mills, in Livingston,
petual grief by the false iinpri:iODment of three of his sods, Peter
cessity
of providing some means of moral and religious
John I. Finkle, who ware all three falsely condemned A sentenced for a term of years to Singsing prison, in
Fiukle, Calvin Finkle,
training for the children of his neighborhood,
who were
in
order to quail tharc noble spirits, blight their patriotic zeal, constrain
the habit of spending the
hours of the Sabbath day
in
51
402
To provide
more

a pleasant place
play.
where they could employ

a
cies,
receiving twenty-five cents for each one
fill
out un-
thuir time
profitably,
he erected
neat and tasty
little
dertakings for six cents each,

dition of the affairs of the
make statements
of the con-
chapel at a cost of about $2000.

Cha{)ol,"
This he named " Glenco

it
company, whenever necessary,
and upon
It
its
completion donated
to the "
Eb-
receiving $1
all
for each statement,
and receive and pay out

Johnson, president
was dedicated by Rev. L. H. King, of New York. In 1873, Mr. Shaurman placed a trust fund of 84300 in the hands of the society to provide an annuity
enezer" church.
sums
assessed on
members
to liquidate losses.
The
iMyers,
officers
elected were
John
I.
William H. Hawver, secretary; Jacob Conklin, Samuel L.
of S300 or more to pay for the services of a pastor to hold This was placed in the hands of services at the chapel.
Ira Williams and Solomon Avery, to be securely invested.
Solomon Avery, appraisers

A. Smith,
and
these,
together
with
Killian
Rensselaer
Platner,
Abram D.
Miller,
It
and Peter C. Wheeler, were the
directors.
The
dred.
present
membership of the church
is
about two hun-
began operations with thirty-seven members, holding
Sabbath-school was organized in 1846, and has
policies representing buildings
and personal property
in-
been pretty steadily maintained until the present. With the exception, however, of the past year, it has been a summer
school only.
It
sured
to the
amount of 851,155.
now numbers about

officers
ninety scholars, and

Its library
has a force of twenty-two
and teachers.
contains over two hundred volumes.

are Henry E. Best, superintendent
;
The
present officers
sec-
SAMUEL
was born
in the
Augustus Ham,
retary
Cornelius
Ham,
librarian
Robert A. Roraback,
29, 1820.
L.
MYERS
Co.,
treasurer.
town of Taghkanic, Columbia

the eldest son and
Nov.
"TAGHKANIC CENTRE CHURCH."

The church known by
the church of that
.sect
He was
second child of
the above
title is
is
that of the de-
nomination of Evangelical Lutherans, and

located at
connected with
It
four children.
Abraham Myers and Ann C. Decker, who had a family of The elder Myers was a native of Harlem,
Harlem, and was a Revolutionary
soldier,
Churchtown.
was
N. Y., where he was born Fob. 26, 1794; his father was
also a native of
organized at the house of Jacob Boice, on the 18th day of
December, 1855.
were George
retary
;
The persons present

;
at
the
meeting
I.
Finkle, chairman
Rensselaer Platner, secMiller,
and served during the war as an aid-de-camp to General Although a mere boy, he was able to cope Washington.
with the obstacles that beset him.
Rev. Levi Schell,
Dedcrick
Finkle,
John Bain,
Scutt,
He met
with
many
to
Samuel
Maxwell, George
Edwin
statute,
Jonas
society
perilous adventures, and at the close of the war
moved
Bruce, Heury Friss, and
Thomas Hanor.
to
The
the town of Livingston.
He
afterwards removed to
the
was incorporated under the general

were elected and instructed were Rensselaer
Finkle.
as
and trustees
town of Claverack, but ended

his grandson,
at the
his days at the residence of

in the
take the necessary steps to
Samuel L. Myers,
town of Taghkanic,
time of his
secure the erection of a church edifice.

Platner, George
The
first
trustees
I.
advanced age of ninety-three.
Abraham Myers, our

at the
Finkle, and
George
subject's father,
was the only son, and

to
They circulated a subscription paper, and as soon sufficient money was subscribed began the erection of a
in
father's emigration
the town of Livingston was a lad of
about eighteen summers.
He
lived in the
town of Living-
church, which was finished and dedicated
the
summer of
little
ston until he was about thirty years of age,
when he
re-
1856, at a cost of $2000.
It
is
pleasant
frame
moved
1812.
to
the western part of the town of Taghkanic, where
church, capable of seating one hundred and
fifty
persons,
he died
in
March, 1872.
He
was a soldier
in the
War
of
and stands on the north side of the highway running

through Taghkanic
village.
He was
all
an exemplary Christian
man and highly
respected by
who knew him.
Our
subject resided with
his father until
he was twenty-three years of age, receiving

In 1841 he was mar-
TAQHKANIC FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.

In accordance with the provisions of an act of the Legislature, passed April 17,
a limited ried to
common-school education.
Miss Euryette Miller, of his native town, and in

his son,
years,
1857, the citizens of this town met
1843 he moved upon the farm now owned by

rence A. Myers.
on the 5th day of November, 1857, and adopted articles
Here he remained twenty-six
Lawwhen
Mr.
of association and became incorporated.
The
affairs
of
he removed
to
his present residence (a view of which, in
the association are conducted by a board of directors, consisting-of nine
connection with his portrait, can be seen elsewhere).
members.
It
was agreed that subscribers

;
should have one vote for every 8250 insured
that the
Myera has been a successful farmer, and his fine farm of over two hundred acres evidences his thrift and enterprise.
amount of
ini:
risk
allowed to be taken on any one member's
He
has occupied
many
positions of trust,
and
is
one of the
property should be limited to

policies should be
five
82000
that the fee for issu;
oldest supervisors in the county, having filled the office for
shillings each
that in case of
nine terms.
In 1870 he was elected county superintendent
lass
by
fire
the president should receive 84 for his services
of the poor for a term of three years.
As
a public officer
in notifying
and convening directors, and
in notifying
memto
Mr. Myers has discharged

and
ability,
his duties with
marked
fidelity
bers
that,
the value of property insured be fixed by three
and
to the entire satisfaction of his constituents.

to
appraisei-s, to receive
SI each for each day's service, not

;
Nine children have been born

are living, and
all
Mr. Myers, eight of

July
to 3,
whom
1872,
exceed, however, 83 in each year

issuing
policies
that
losses
the expenses of
residents of Taghkanic.
and of adjusting
;
be
paid
by the
his first wife died,
and he was again married,
Miss Nancy
holder of the policy
that the secretary write out the poli-
Bashford.
AN
This
is
C R
M.
called '
the southeast corner town of the county, centrally
part of the town, the largest of which
ai-e
Woodand
Hudson about eighteen miles. It is bounded north by Copake and Taghkanic, east by the towns of Mount Washington, Mass., and North East, in Dutchess
distant from
worth," or " Lower Rhoda," " Porter," or "

"
Jliller's;"
Long" ponds.
all
The two
fii-st
named
lie
partly in Copake.
Fish of
them.
kinds, including bass and pickerel, are found in

principal streams are RoelofF Jansen's Kill and
county, south by North East and Pine Plains, in Dutchess
The
its
county, and west by Grallatin.
It
is
the
fifth
town
in the
;
Punch
dle of
brook.
The former
enters the town near the mid-
county
in
point of size, and eleventh in population
its-
north boundary, and flows in a generally southwest
area being twenty-six thousand nine

acres, nearly four-fifths of
hundred and nineteen

In 1860
the
it
course across the town into Gallatin.

in
Punch brook
it
rises
which
is
improved, and a popufifteen.
the south part, and flows north
till
empties into the

line.
lation
of seventeen
hundred and
kill,
about a mile and a half from the town
These
population was seventeen hundred and twenty, in
1865
it
streams have numerous small tributaries.
The
watei-s of
was sixteen hundred and
fifty-one,
and
in
1870
was
the ponds in this town and the south part of Copake empty
into the
tains,
kill.
seventeen hundred and ninety-three.
small brook rises in the Taghkanic
moun-
The
line
eastern boundary of the town was formerly a line
near Boston Corners, and flows north into Copake.

soil
running at a very oblique angle.

two miles long, running
between
The northern limb was
The
of this town
clay.
is
generally a gravelly loam, interis,
in a direction a little
west of
mixed with
ing the
It
is
In the southeast and east there
how-
south,
line
and was simply an extension of the present boundary
ever, considerable limestone soil,

kill
and
in the interval border-
New York
and Massachusetts, north of the

This angle was then
considerable quantities of alluvial

soil,
deposits.
angle near the south line of Copake.

at the
a productive, fertile
and generally
easily tilled.
end of the dividing
line
between Copake and Anthe present east
The
crops are similar to

oats
tiiose
of other towns, rye, corn,

crops.
cram.
The southern limb of the angle was boundary between Ancram and North East.
was changed, as
will
potatoes,
and buckwheat being the principal

is
This boundary
Some
poses,
of the land
particularly adapted
to
grazing purIron ore
be explained farther on, so that a
and dairying
is
carried on to
difl'erent
some
extent.
triangular tract of land, called " Boston Corners," containing
has been obtained at

east border,
points in the hills along the

in
about one thousand acres, was set off from Massachusetts
and near the Taghkanic,
the north part of
and annexed
to
Ancram
the northern limb of the angle
the town.
Lead ore has
also
been mined at Hot Ground,
above described becoming one side of the triangle.
Sub-
near the centre.
sequently, a triangular piece of land containing about one
ThLs town
is
well supplied with
railroads.
The New
this
thousand acres was taken from Ancram and annexed

Copake, leaving the northern boundary a straight line as
is at
to
it
York and Harlem
railroad was built through

(its
town
in
in
1852, and entering at Boston Corners
only station
present.
The
surface of the town
is
broken and
hilly.
The range
of the Taghkanic mountains occupies the eastern part of the

northeast corner.
tain.
and three-fourths miles north into The track of this road is elevated on an embankCopake. ment some twenty-five feet high for a considerable dis-
Ancram), runs one
summit marks the boundaries of New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. The eastern
its
The monument on
highest point
is
Monument moun-
tance north from this station, and on a slight curve, about

half a mile north, the
the track.
wind has
twice blown trains
from
part of the town adjoining North E;ist
is
occupied by a high
rounded edge of land, wliich

Ridge," in Dutchess county.
is
an extension of " Chestnut

It
is
These accidents occurred within a few rods of the first some eighteen or twenty years the same spot Both trains consince, and the last about ten years ago.
;
called "
West
Hill,"
sisted of
" Card's Hill," " East Hill," and " Chestnut Ridge."
latter
is
The
running south.
track,
one baggage-car and two coaches each, and were The engine iu each case remained on the
lifted
the most correct name.

hills
In the southwest a broken
but the cars were
bodily from the
rails,
and
lost
range of
runs in a generally northerly direction, termihill east
rolled over
and over down the bank.
Some
lives
were
nating in a high
of Ancram, called " Mill Hill."
each time and
many
is
people injured.
Trains
now
often
fierce
The
hills
in
the northwest are high, but rise with a very
wait at the station

easterly
for
hours when one of these

till
gradual slope.
There
is
prominent pointed
is
hill
near the
winds
blowing,
it
abates sufiiciently to allow
centre of the town, wliich
called
Croven
Hill."
Along
thcni to proceed with safety.
The
Pnughkoep.sie, Hartford
the course of the two principal streams in the north centre
and Boston
railroad enters
the town
line,
from
Pino Plains,
it
of the town the land

sort of vlaie.
is
flat,
low,
and swampy, forming a
about a mile east of the Gallatin

northeasterly direction,
and crosses
in a
occupying several hundred acres.

iu
making a wide detour
to the
north
Thurc are several small lakes or ponds
the northern
to got
around
tlie
end of Chestnut Ridge, and leaves the
403
404
town
miles,
at

Boston Corners.
Its length in
NEW
YOllK.
"
Ancram
is
8.07867
" HoNi.E. Sn.
Maxor
Livingston,
May
6,
1755.
Ancram Lead Mines, and there are four stations, The two interHalstead, Tanner's, and Boston Corners. Near Halstead are two mediate stations are flai; stations.
Wooden
trestles
spanning
is
th->
valleys of
two small streams.

is
The
ftj-e
smaller of these
about half a mile south, and

feet
hundred and twenty-five
long and twjnty-five feet

is
high.
The
its
larger one
is
a few rods north, and
over
one thou-sand three hundred feet long and sixty-five feet

high in
most elevated
(it
part.
Work was begun
on this
road in ISGS
was then
called
the Poughkeepsie and
E LStcrn
Aug.
1,
railroad),
but trains did not begin running until

first
1872, when the
regular train ran over

first
the
whole length of the road.
The
shipment of freight
to
on "On Monday Mr. Connor went to Warn the People Thcuaday Morning .at Tiighk.Tnick, and as he Arrived to Anchorain about Sun Down, he Was luformod that there Was a proclamation from ye Lieutcnant-Goveynour of Boston Nailed upon Direk .Spoor Door, and Mr. Conner being Uneasie to know what Was Meant by the proclamation being put up there, he Went to Dirck Spoor's, and When they seen him Coming towards the house they took it of and Locked it up in oue of their Chest. But Mr. Conner Insisted Upon Seeing the paper that was Nailed to the Door, and After Some Diapitte Got it out of the Chest, Which is Now Inclosed and ?cnt to You for Your Better Information, and as Mr. Connor was in Comoing Whome he Came by Anchorara, Where ho Stayed till Ten O'clock at Night; he Likewise ordered the people of Anchoram to keep together in one house, and to be Sure to Make Deffenee, But in Steed of Deffcnding TheraselTes the fled after a Base Manner, and Made No Reto Assist
from .\ncram Lead Mines was eleven cans of milk sent
sistance at
all.
New York by Jacob
Miller.
After the usual preliminaries
" Inclosed you have the
Morning out
Servt.,
of
Number of Men Which Were lakcn this Anchoram By the New England Company, jind your
the town wa.s bonded in aid of this railroad to the
amount
of S30,000, receiving in return three hundred shares of

the capital stock.
The commissioners
of the town in the
work of bonding were Peter P. Rossman, John M. Smith, and Backus Mclntyre. The bonds were to run thirty
years, bearing seven per cent, interest.
Jacob Knight, Who Was among them, and oall'd out to the New England People to ty the Anchoram, and as Mr. Connor Informed me that the New England Sheriff Come up to Mr. Decker and Shook hands With him, and said he Would not lake him, and Mr. Dtekcr never offered to make any Ressistance and all against him,
and
the of
its
said they are to
Come and
take Mr. Conner and the Rest of
Subsequently the
Anchoram
People, and
We
I
are Going there
Now With
Company
road was mortgaged, the mortgage became due, and was foreclosed, and the road was sold, so that now the town has
men
to Assist
him
as far as
Wo
Can.
"
no
interest in the
road, they
having sold their stock
at a
am, bond. Sr., your most "Obedient i, faithfull Scrvt., " DiRCK S\V.VRT."
merely nominal price, save the interest on the $30,000 in

bonds.
"Thk NuMBKn Taken From Anchoram."

railroad
The Rhinebeck and Connecticut
follows
the
"James
MacCay,
Elliott,
the Clarke; Neil
Mac Arthur, Founder; Hugh

;
course of the RoelofF Jansen's Kill through the town, and

passing through Copakc in a semicircle, re-enters
at the
Ancram
H.
Weed
R., to
ore-bed, and runs parallel with the N. Y.
H. R.
B.
Boston Corners, where
it
joins the P.
& &
Filler: Jacob Showers, Founder; Samuel Herris, Do. Charles MacCarthur, Morris When, Angus MacDuffey. " The number took there were " Robert Noble, Thomas Whitney, Jacob Spoor, Cornelius Spoor, Andries Reese, Jonathan Derby, Francis Balvicl, a Soldr belonging
R. R., and both use the same track from that place
to Millerton.
This road has 7.44 miles of track
in
this
town, and two stations,

w:l-i
Ancram and
to Albany Garrison, Ebenezer Pain, John Van Golden, an Indian, Joseph Van Golden, an Do., Jacob Kneght, Mr. Livingston's Servant, lO:) ye Whole Number."
Bo.stoii
Corners.
It
It
is
built to
Ancram
(the most important station between
said in
the tcnuini of the road) during the

trains ran
regularly to that point.

rest of the road
summer of 1874, and Work was also carried

fall
town was
first settled
some works heretofore published that the by the Dutch in the vicinity of An-
cram
village.
This uiay be true; there were, no doubt,

of that nation;ility
on on the
during the
and winter of
its
some
ants,
settlers
among
the earliest iidiabittill
187-173, with the expectation

entire length early in the spring.
ever,
finally
of opening the road
but no general settlement was made
the Scotch
it
heavy
the
freshet,
how-
people settled in the centnil part of the town, and gave
carried off
.'leveral
bridges, and
road
was not
opened
till
about the 1st of May, 1875.

the Livingston manor,
trouble existed between
name by which it is known to this day, i.e., Some settlers also came in from the eastern
Chestnut ridge and other lands
town.
in
" Scotchtown."
States,
and
oc-
Ancram was formerly a part of though for many years considerable
cupieJ the valley between the Taghkanic mountains and

the eastern part of the
the authorities of Massachusetts and
New York
to
regarding
We
are unable to give anything like a full history
the lands, they not being able to agree upon the boundary
line
of these hardy pioneers

to create
who ventured
families.
into the wilderness

.still
between
the two
colonies.
Owing
this
state of
homes
in
for their
There were
some
and
affairs those
who
lived on the lands were often put to
much
and
Indians
this section
when the white
settlers c;ime,
trouble and inconvenience, and even sometimes placed in

peril
they always maintained friendly relations with them.

last
The
died
by the
efforts of the
rival
governments
to eject
of them was the family of " Old Indian Joe."
He
dispossess them.
Atone
time the
New England Company,
before 1790, but some
members of
his family survived
him
acting under the authority of the lieutenant-governor of
and remained
in
the vicinity for .several years.
Massachusetts, came with a large force and carried off a

large
the "
number of captives. The following letter, found in Documentary History of New York," vol. iii. page 473,
to
near
John Strever came from Germany and settled on a farm Ancram Lead Mines, the present residence of Jacob
Miller.
He
had four
.sons
and two daughters,
all
of
whom
Jacob,
addres-sed
Robert
Living.ston,
Jr.,
explains this,
and
married and settled in this and Dutchess counties.
shows what a marked

pe;iceable possession
contra.st there is
between the present
the second son, married Maria Hoysradt, a daughter of an-
and the turbulence and disorder that
other early
settler,
and leased a farm near Ancram.

is
One
living
then existed
of his children
Mrs. Maria Knickerbocker
now

in
NEW
YORK.
Isaac
405
the western
part of
Copake
at the
advanced age of
Among
the other earlier settlers were
Rogers,
ninety-one years.
Zaccheus
and
settled
Owen came
to
on a place a
little
Ancram from New England, east of Boston Corners. The
Duncan McArthur, Archibald and Duncan Mclntyre, and Thompson, Fritts, Tanner, .McDonald, families named
Belcher, and Brandt.
date of his settlement was probably about 1760.
He
was
This town was formed from Livingston, March 19, 1803,

as Gallatin,
succeeded on the place by his son Charles, and he by his
and
its
name was changed

taken
off in
to
Ancram, March
The place is now divided into two farms, occupied by John Silvernail and Archibald Mclntyre. The latter occupies the homestead, and his house stands Peter Owen, a greatnearly on the site of the first one. grandson of Zaccheus, is living in Ancram, aged seventyson
Hermon.
25, 1814.
Gallatin was
1830, and Boston
Corners annexed April 13, 1857.

it in
Its first
name was given
honor of Hon. Albert Gallatin, and the present one
after
Ancram
in
Scotland, which was the native place of
the Livingston family.
nine years.
The
first settled
following
:
is
a copy of the record of the
first
town-
William Lott
the place occupied by
Harmon
meeting
Johnson, and known as " the Eggleston farm."

to
He
The
sold
"Town
man, Jacob
I.
of Oallfttin, April
;
5,
1803,
Mode
choice of Ebenezer King-
Mark Kryne.
Next north of Lott, David Eggleston now occupied by Charles Roberts.
settled.
clerli
Nicliolas
Klyne, supervisor;
Henry Hufman, Esq.,
place
Strive],
Thomas
Luraas, assessors; Rubin McCarter, Ilenry
is
A. Hoisrod, Silas Davis, commissioners; Allen Sheldon, collector;
Hans Adam
Miller was a
German emigrant who

The
were
Christephor Sbults, Henry Huffman, overseers of the poor

settled,
Peter
Marks, Auron Sheldon, Daniel Palmer, constables; George Row,
about 17G0-65, on a farm on the west side of Chestnut

ridge, about a mile
Hans Peter Shoemaker, John

poundm.nster.
Bates, fence-viewers
lsaQ43
Williams,
from Boston Corners.
place
is
now owned by Anson and Homer Vosburgh.

consisting of three sons
His family,
all
"$150
"
first
for the use of the poor, to
be Raised by Vole of the Town.

of September until the
and
" Fences, 4A feet
High.
at large from the
first
six daughters,
born
No Ram
of
to
Run
on that place.
Their descendants, by the names of Miller,

still
November, Under the

first
forfeiture of such
Ram."
McArthur, and Wilkinson, are

this county.
among
the residents of
One
son
named
John
married, and
who
took
I.
The
commissioners and inspectors of

at a special
common
schools
a lease of the farm ncrw occupied by his son,

Miller, about 1800.
Benjamin
were elected
town-meeting held
May
29, 1813.
By some
error of the clerk
trans-
cribed the
lea.se it
was made for the unusually long term of
nine hundred and ninety- nine years.
The
proprietor of the
manor was very anxious

out what
it
to rectify the error
when he found
They were Allen Sheldon, Henry P. Mink, and Rowland Sweet, commissioners John I. Holley, Elisha Wilcox, and Hermon Vedder, inspectors. The following persons have served in the most important
;
was, but as he had refused " to correct mis-
town
ofiBces, as
designated in the
list:
takes" before he
knew what the mistake

if it
was. Miller kept

for Livingston,
the lease, saying, that

it
was good enough

SnpervlaorB.
1878.
Collectors.
was good enough
for
him.
Benjamin
Town
Clerks.
I:
Miller
still
has
1803.
this
remarkable lease in his possession, though the land has
since been purchased
and conveyed by deed.
Hans Adam Miller had two brothers, Benjamin and who came to America with him, and settled in Ancram and Copake Benjamin on the place now occupied
Matthias,
;
by Mrs.
place
Miller, near
Miller's pond,
and Matthias on the

a mile southMiller, living
now occupied by Mrs. Lampman, half
west of the
Weed
ore-bed.
Benjamin B.
near Copake Flats, is a grandson of Benjamin Miller. John McArthur was a son of Neil McVrthur, one of the
first settlers.
He
is
had seven children.

living in
One
of them, Mrs.
Betsey Barlow,
Rochester.
Peter McArthur,
is
a great-grandson of Neil, and son of Charles,

in
now
living
Copake, two miles south of Copake Flats.
Steward, were early settlers near
Henry and David Wentworth, and a family named Ancram village, and Isaac
for a long
Williams was
time agent of Livingston, in charge
of the iron-works there.
Jacob Kiefer, on the
W. H.
Tripp place; John Tweedy,
on the John M. Williams place; Reuben McArthur, on

the Eliaa Austin place; Arthur McArthur, on the Sally
McArthur
place
two Burches, on the Jesse and
Elias
Reynolds place; John
W.
Pulver, on the William
W.
Tanner place;
place
;
Martin
Miller,
on
the
John M. Smith
and John Woodward, near the Woodward pond,

first settlers in
were among the
their respective localities.
406
SupenriBon.

Collectora. Town Clerka. Henry [. Silvernail. David K. Tripp. John Sih-ernaii, Jr. John Moore.
NEW YORK.
Duncao- Ke-fer. 1837. Divid K.Tripp. 1838. Joseph Ualstead.

lS:i9.
Duiicaa Keet'er.
1840. 1841. 1842. J.

.-v.
Ales..
Richard Moore. Smith, Jr.
John Woodward. Ephraim Teator.

Philip A. Coons.
Rockefeller.
1843. Alei. Smith, Jc.
Wm.
F. Ror.ibvok.
John Woodward. John W. Pulver.

Joseph Decker. Solomon Johnson.
Stephen Decker.
1844. -Irthur iMo.irthur. 1845. 1S46.
David K. Tripp.
Ciileh Wolcott.
Henry Van Deusen.
Edson Card.
Josiah Reynolds.
1847.
184S. Seleclt Osborn.
1849. Abr. A. Vosburgh.
John H. Silvernail. Peter MoArthur.

Daniel Johuson.
John Lyke.
Archelaus Brandt.
1850. Seleolt O?born.
1851. Conrad Niver.

1852. Peter P.
Ambrosa Djnnis.
John W. Levi. John Johnson.

George Wilsey. Daniel Johnson.
Jacob Decker.
Rossman.
John
A.
Simmons.
1853. H. H. Hoysradt. 1854. Abr. A. Vosburgh.

1S5.5.
Eli Loomis.
Peter MoArthur.
William H. Barton. Zachariah M. Blass.
1856.
UarmoD Mslntyre.
W i-rcn Tripp.
Anbros*! Dennis.
1857. 1858. Peter P. Rossman. 1S59. Asa Hoag. 18B0. 1861. Arthur MoArthur.
1862.
John Shaw. Freeman Soutt.

Alpheus Scutt.
Jjhj W. Keefer. Smith Vosburgh. John A. Simmons. Robert Bachman.

Gros. B. Rossman.
Henry H. Hoysradt.
Teal Dennis.
John
Blass.
Josiah L. Barton.
1863. Willis Hoag. 1864.

1865. 1866.
William Lown.
Asa Hoag. John M. Smith.
Jacob
J.
Shook.
Enoch N. Snyder.
Josiah L. Barton.
H. Floysradt.
Fred. C. Barton.
1867.
1868. 1869.
1870. 1871. Archelaus Brandt.
Artemas S.
Jamea MoArthur. Barton. John P. Williams.

George Kisselbrack.
James Hoag.
Egbert Pulver.
Talm. Pulver, Jr.

Albert C. Niver.
Freeman Haynor. Geo Knickerbocker.

Jacob Roraback.
Peter Seism.
Gilbert H. Collier.
1872. Jacob Miller

1873.
Arthur Miller. Jacob J. Shook.
1874.
1875.
Obed Finch.
Alexander Card.
Nicholas Smith.
John
I.
Shook.
1876. 1877. William Hoag.
Duncan K.
Pulver.
Lewis Pulver.
David Ostrom.
Albert L. Hoysradt. Jay Shook.
,
1878.
JUSTICES OF
THE PEACE.

same
side near the bridge,
NEW
YORK.
fine depot,
407
which
is
still
standing, though
store,
one blacksmith-shop, a
and about
a dozen
in a very dilapidated condition.
dwellings, of which nearly half are in the town of
North
The
first
store was kept in the early part of the century,
East, in Dutchess county.

locality
The name was
given to the
trian-
in a building east of the bridge,
by Isaac B. Williams, a
when
the State of Massachusetts
owned the
son of Livingston's agent at the iron-works.
The building
gular tract of land lying west of the Taghkanic mountains.
was afterwards moved near the creek, below the saw-mill, Augustus Tremain afterwards and is now used as a barn.
kept a store near the same place.
Previous to 1840 the village was but a hamlet, consisting principally of the employees of the furnace and forges. There was then not more than half a dozen hou.ses, or
rather cabins, and the Livingston
The mountain formed an almost impassable

this spot
barrier between
it
and the seat of
civil
authority, and
became a
all
sort of " city of refuge" for criminals

classes,
and outlaws of
who
fled to it to escape
from the reach of the

it
officers
of the law.
prize-fighters,
On
this account
also
became
a resort of
who
The
could here carry out their brutal and

interference
mansion.
In 1843 this
inhuman purposes secure from the

authorities.
of the
mansion was torn down and rebuilt on the same foundations
celebrated fight between

here.
John Morrisscy
to
by the heirs of Henry

of the
soil in
I.
Livingston.
In 1845 the
and
it
"
Yankee" Sullivan occurred

became necessary
in to
For these reasons

enable
first sale
Ancram was made under mortgage,
finally
make some change
and the property was bought by Dr. Peter P. Rossman and They tried to build up a village, and Joseph D. Mouell.
it
the civil authorities to enforce the laws protective of peace
and property, and

titioned to be
December, 1848, the inhabitants peto the State of
is
principally through their efforts

its
that the place has
annexed
New
York.
The
ces-
attained
growth and prominence.
Dr. Rossiuan
now
State of Massachusetts consented in

sion was accepted by
May, 1853.
The
resides in the Livingston mansion.
He
is
is
a descendant of
New
1855
York, July 21, 1853; confirmed

;
the
first
Rossman family
in
Taghkanic, and a grandson of
by Congress, Jan.
3,
and the corner was annexed
to
Jacob Rossman of that town.

all
He
one of four brothers,
Ancram, April
13, 1857.
of
whom
were practicing physicians.

considerable
Two
of them
lives in
died in the south, and one. Dr.
John B. Rossman,
Albany.
He
has
attained
prominence
in
political matters,
having held many important town

his district in the
offices
The first hotel-keeper here was a man named Albison, who also kept a store. His building was on the site of the present hotel, and was torn down in 1857-58, and rebuilt by Abram I. Vosburgh, whose son, M. B. Vosburgh, is
the present proprietor.
the erection, but
it is
and represented
Assembly.
On
a brick was found the date of

is lost.
not remembered, and the brick
ANCRAM LEAD MINES,

more commonly of the town, and
and Boston
called "
is
Hot Ground,"
lies
south of the centre
Albison also owned a grist-mill, a carding-machine, a fulling and cloth-dressing mill, and a saw-mill, all located on the
a station on the Poughkeepsie, Hartford
brook near the present depot.
These buildings were aban-
railroad,
twenty-nine miles from Poughkeepsie.

this
locality
The
first
name conferred on
still
it.
was " Punch
doned and torn down many years ago, the last one being demolished by the New York and Harlem railroad in 1852.
This property was also owned among others by Horace Langdon, Jacob Decker, Andris Van Deusen, James Free-
Brook," a name which

passes through
adheres to the stream that
It derived this
name from
a tradition-
ary incident, in which a

business,
spirits
man who had
been to Hudson on
and who had imbibed considerably more ardent
man, and Milo Barnum, father of William H. Barnum, the present United States senator from Connecticut, wha
was born here. David Williams started the
1818.
first
than he could transport with an undeviating upright-
ness of carriage,
had
also, in
view of future emergencies,
blacksfioith-shop about
procured a half-barrel of liquor, which he was drawing
He
was a Welshman and came from
New
Jersey.
home on
a lumber wagon.
As he drove through
the bed the

fall-
His shop was on the corner near the
line of the
town of
of the brook the wagon tilted over the stones, and

barrel rolled against
North East.
the place
and knocked out the end-board,

in
ing on to the stones and knocking

the
one head, and, before

the liquor had
Smith Vosburgh kept the first store, near the now kept by Eugene Mclntyre.
depot, at
owner could
collect his befuddled senses,
mingled with the waters of the stream, and ran gurgling on

its
WEED MINE
is
way
a
to the river.
The name afterwards given
it
of "
Hot
It
Ground' was probably on account of the ore-bed

is
there.
a post-office recently established at the
Weed
ore-bod, on
common
belief
is
among
found
is
the ignorant that the ground
the north line of the town.
The
buildings
all
belong to
lies
where metallic ore

shower
always warmer than where no
the owners or employees of the mine.

partly in Copake.
The
settlement
ore exists, and the steam or cloud rising from the hill-sides
after a
is
thought
to indicate the location of
hidden
otherwi.se
ANCRAM CENTRE,
known
as "
mines.
There
is
an extensive bed of lead ore

"
at this point,
and
fact.
"
Hot Ground
It
is
probably was
Scotchtown" and " Black Rock,"
is
first
used
to indicate this
a small village, one church (Presbyterian), one

stores,
a locality near the centre of the town.
The
first
name was
hotel,
two
one restaurant, a depot, one wagon and
derived from the
first
settlers,
blacksmith-shop, and about a dozen dwellings.
The
other was given
it in
ridicule of a
mill
who were Scotch people. man named John

and kept a store there. and his Democratic neighRockefeller's,"
A. Rockefeller, who owned the
BOSTON CORNERS
is
He
rail-
was a Republican
in politics,
a small hamlet situated at the junction of the three

It contains
bors called his locality " Black

finally
which
w;is
roads running through the town.
one hotel, one
abbreviated to " Black Rock."
The
mill
ut this
408

Mabey,
of Liv-
NEW
YORK.
place was built by Livingston about 1775, for a Mr.
organization until
the father of
Henry Mabey,
late
of Ancram.
It
was owned
it
1856 this church was connected with the Copake charge, but since that time has been connected with
afterwards by Robert
Van Deusen, who bought

it is
ingston, and for a period of eighteen years

feller.
by John Rocke-
In the spring of 1865

It
was purchased by the
present owner, Eason Card.

a mile north of
located on
Punch brook,
It is
Ancram Lead Mines, and

During the
has three runs of
stone driven by a fourteen-foot overshot wheel.
used
only for custom grinding.

society
anti-rent troubles a
at the
was organized
in
Ancram, which met
house
of Rockefeller.
There were but a few members, and only
Ancram church. The pastors have been Revs. L. M. Pease, Loyal B. Andrus, Jeremiah Ham, Aaron Hunt, Jr., Cyrus G. Prindle, Marvin R. Lent, Isaac K. Lent, R. S. Amerman, Thomas Ellis, Edward Ashton, Hiram Lamont, Abram Davis, Benjamin H. Burch, Edward Ashton, James Burch, J. H. Michell, S. P. Gallaway, and Adee Vail, the present pastor, who was appointed to this charge in the spring of 1878. The present ofiScers are Eason Card, George Eggleston,
the
During this exciting period the one meeting was held. barns and out-buildings of David K. Tripp, in the west part
of the town, were burned by the anti-renters.
William Hoag, and William Tanner, trustees; Eason Card,
George Eggleston, William

ner, stewards.
W.
is
Tanner, and William Tan-
The number of members

CEMETERIES.
There were
almost beyond
cemeteries,
Plains,
a
sixty,
aud the Sabbath-school
numbers
to be
forty-five scholars.
number of
recognition.
private burial-grounds in this
town, but they have mostly been neglected so long
JANES METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This church was organized
nected with Copake church.
in
a.s
There are no incorporated

citizens go to Millerton,
1854, and was then con-
and many of the

to
Pine
Preliminary meetings were
and Copake
is
bury the dead.

of Isaac Rogers.
held at the school-house by Rev. Alexander H. Ferguson,
There
a small ground near Boston Corners, the oldest

is
then of Pine Plains.
stone in which
dated 1807.
It is that
The church
fifteen feet
edifice
was erected
in
1855 by Henry Seism,
His wife Anna survived him till 1835, when she died at the age of one hundred years, six months, and seventeen
days.
and cost about S2500. was made
In 1867 or 1868 an addition of

of the church.
in the rear
There
is
another small ground at the East
Ancram
The
was
first
parsonage was located at the north corners, and
Methodist Episcopal church, containing about one-half acre,

the earliest burial there being in 1845.
a gift
from Arthur McArthur.

years since to Mrs.
It
cost
$1100, and
Scutt.
was sold
which
oldest
five or six
Thomas
The
In the west part of the town, one-half mile south of
society then purchased the present parsonage adjoining the
Ancram,
is
is
another ground of about the same

It
is
size,
church, and fitted
it
for
occupancy at a
is
total cost
of about
very
full.
called
the Free ground.
The
stone, and the only one erected previous to 1800, is that of
now valued at $4000. The church was dedicated by and named after Bishop
$1500.
The
entire church property
Captain Joseph Elliott,
who
is
died October 13, 1796.
Janes.
He
once taught school here, and while attending
The
largest
ground
It
is
near Ancram, opposite the Lu-
a protracted meeting held at the school-house was converted,
theran church.
pleasantly located on rolling ground,

It
and at once turned his attention

himself for the ministry.
to the
work of preparing
and contains
1845.
It
is
six or seven acres.
was
first
opened about
owned
partly by the
Lutheran church and
partly by the Brandt family.
The pastors have been Revs. R. S. Amerman, Thomas EllLs, Edward Ashton, Hiram Lamont, Abram Davis, Benjamin H. Burch, Edward Ashton,
James Burch,
J.
H. Michell,
S. P.
Gallaway, and Rev.
EAST ANCRAM METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

In the month of September, 1844, Rev. Lewis
McK.
Adee Vail, The first
the present pastor.

trustees
were elected at a meeting held
May
2,
Pease, pastor of the Copake Methodist Episcopal church,
held a grove-meeting in the grove that then occupied the

site of the present
1855, and were Henry Hoysradt, Freeland McDaniel, William Belcher, John Van Benschoten, Edward H. Sheldon,
church
edifice.
Many
converts were
gained, and
it
was thought best to organize a society, which
was accordingly done on the 12th day of April, 1845.
Andrew Scott, and Isaac Miller. The present membership is one hundred and twenty, and there are in addition to that number nine probationers.
Tiie Sabbath-school, which has existed since the org.in-
The meeting was

Shook acted
held in the school-house near the church,
and was presided over by Duncan McArthur, and Daniel
John W. Pulver, Tailmadge Pulvur, Andrus Lyke, Alexander Smith, David Downs, Alanson Shumway, Duncan McAithur, Arthur McArthur, and
as secretary.
I'jiias
Reynolds were elected trustees.

built
now numbers about eighty members, hundred and fifty volumes. The Juhn Roraback, officers are John Porter, superintendent Jane M. Rossman, secretary assistant superintendent Leila Simpson, treasurer; Mrs. M. Loomis, librarian.
ization of the church,
and has a
library of one
The church was
during the summer of 1845, at a
cost of $1 100, exclusive of considerable
work done by those

It
ST.
John's evangelical Lutheran church.
who
desired to assist the
good work.
1845.
was dedicated by was repaired

in
This society was organized at a meeting held at the house

of
Rev. J. Z. Nichols,
in October,
It
Adam
Coon, two miles from Ancram, on the 21st of
1873, at a cost of 8800, and reopened for public worship

Oct. 2, 1873, Rev. S.
November, 1846.
William
W. Hoysradt
presided
and
M. Terry, of New York, preaching

This church was the
first
Abraham
F. Miller
was secretary.
There were twenty-five Mary, Adam, and
the dedicatory sermon.
built
its
members, whose names were Jacob,
within the present limits of the town.
From
the date of
Philip Coon, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Johnson, Mr. and Mrs.

John Mclotyre, Mrs. Henry Strever, Mr. and Mrs. George Finkle, Henry Englekee, Mrs. J. P. White, Mrs. Henry Hoffman, Mr. and Mrs. John I. Lown, Widow Lown, Elizabeth Turner, Mrs. Henry Hoysradt, Mrs. Tiel Dennis, John
Hines, Margaret Shooii, Regina House, Lydia C. Traver,
NEW YORK.
numbers about
forty,
409
The
Gallatinville school
and
is
under
the superintendence of Jacob Edieman.

secretary.
Miss Kate Bush,
The
school at the
Weaver
school-house, in the north part
of Gallatin, has about
fifty scholars.
George Palmer
is
the
and Clarissa Cryne.

Step.s
superintendent, and P. P.
Bush
is
the secretary.
in district
were taken to build a church, subscriptions were
The
No.
3.
fourth school
is
at the
Niver school-house,
is
made by one hundred and three persons to an aggregate amount of 81334, and at a subsequent meeting held at the house of John H. Miller, in Gallatin, Peter P. Rossman, Jacob F. Suydara, and Henry Silvernail were appointed as The work was pushed forward and a building committee. the church erected during the summer of 1847. A Mr. The cost of the buildTraver, from Valatie, did the work. The site was purchased of Claudius Moing was $2400.
nell,
fall
Abraham A. Vosburgh
Felts the secretary.
the superintendent, and
John
It has a
membership of about
thirty scholars.
ANCEAM LEAD MINES PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

This church was built in the summer of 1847, by Ezra
Burrows, of Copake, at a
donated by John and
total cost
of $3500.
The
lot
was
Adam
Hoysradt, and was situated
and contains a
little
over an acre of ground.
In the
about two miles northwest of Ancram Lead Mines, on the
of 1854 the front of the church was extended about
Ancram
road.
It
was
built as a
Union church, the LuthJune, 1848, by Rev. Dr.

In the
its
fall
fifteen feet
and a belfry added, costing about $1000
in
all.
erans being entitled to the use of the building one-fourth
The parsonage was built during the pa.storate of Rev. Matthew Mallinson, about 1853, at a cost of about $1500. The value of the church property is not far from $6000. Commencing with the small number above named, the society has constantly increased in numbers until it now has
a
of the time.
It
was dedicated
in
Darling, of Albany, then of Hudson.
of 1859
the church was taken down, and rebuilt at

tion
in
present loca-
by William Tanner.
Ancram Lead Mines. The present site was given The removal and repairs cost altoIt
membership of one hundred and seventy.

of members.
:
Three hun-
gether about $1150.
was re-dedicated
in
June, 1860;
dred and eighty-four persons have had their names inscribed
Rev. William Leavitt, of Hudson, preaching the sermon.
upon
its roll
The pastors have been as follows, viz. Revs. William Askam, Matthew Mallinson, Nicholas Wert, William Hull, Matthew Mallinson, William H. Shalland, John L. Smithdeal, A. N. Daniels, and John Kling, who is the present
pastor,
and entered upon
this field of labor in the spring
of
The present valuation of the property is about $3000. The church was a branch of the Pine Plains church until 1877, when the church was separately organized. The original number of members was about twenty-five, and the present number is about forty-five. There were quite extensive revivals in 1866-67, and in 1877-78. The last
one added twenty three
to the
1877.
church.
Rev. John L. Smithdeal died while pastor of
this
church.
at a
May
1,
1871.
of the church were elected
:
The
Cornelius Silvernail and
society
was incorporated
meeting held
in
the
The
first ecclesiastical oflBcers
Aug. 20, 1859,

Franklin
Lasher, and
as follows, viz.
;
Hoysradt, deacons
Jeremiah Williams, Jacob

elders.
Abraham A. Vosburgh,
John Seism, Philip H. Turner, Archelaus Brandt, George H. Niver, Hiram Williams, Lyman A. Backman, Michael Rowe, Philip M. Lown, and Talmadge Decker have also
served as deacons, the three last
John M. Smith and Duncan K. Pulver presided, and Asa Hoag, John M. Smith, Henry Hoysradt, Eaton H. Card, Backus Mclntyre, and Hiram Hoysradt were elected trustees. The present officers are Frederick C. Barton, Egbert Miller, Duncan K. Pulver, A. C. Niver, James Mickle, John M. Smith, trustees John M. Smith and Duncan K.
church on the 12th of February, 1867.
;
named being the present

George Palmer, Her-
Pulver, elders
George H. Hopper,
clerk.
incumbents.
While connected with Pine Plains Presbyterian church

Rev. William N. Sayre was the, pastor.
tion,
Jonas
Felts, Cornelius Silvernail,
Since the separa-
mon
Miller,
and Abraham A. Vosburgh have served as

last
July
1,
1877, Rev.
Emory Van Wagoner has been

summer
school,
elders,
and the three
named
are the present elders.
pastor.
The church was

ing held
at
incorporated July 15, 1847, at a meet7,
The Sunday-school
intendent.
is
and was
first or-
the school-house in district No.
at
four
pre-
ganized about 1850-55, with William H. Smith as super-
o'clock P.M.
sided.
Peter Lasher
and Peter P. Rossman

elected, as follows, viz.
I.
:
The
present
membership
is
about sixty, and

fifty
Seven trustees were
Peter
the library contains over one hundred and
volumes.
;
Lasher,
Henry
Silvernail,
John
Lown, Jonas
Felts, Peter
The
John M. Smith, superintendent
P. Rossman, Jacob Loucks, and Jacob F.

present trustees are
Suydam.
J.
The
Mrs. Evelyn Hoysradt, assistant superintendent; William
James E.
Stickle,
John
Stickle,
N. Smith, secretary
Mrs. Elizabeth Barton, treasurer
Ellsworth J. Brandt, Robert Hinsdale, Robert Backman,
Albert L. Hoysradt, librarian.
and Horace Vosburgh.

about
Thei;e are four
Sabbath-schools
school numbers
connected with this church.

fifty
The Ancram
library
ANCRAM IRON-WORKS.
The town
riety
scholars,
and
its
contains about one
of
Ancram
first
first
derived prominence and noto-
The officers are Rev. John Kling. superintendent Abraham A. Vosburgh, assistant superintendent Philip M. Lown, secretary Rosa Woodward, treasurer Philip M. Lown, librarian.
hundred volumes.
; ; ;
from the iron-works erected by Robert Livingston,

lord of the manor, at
first,
grandson of the
in
1748.
This was the

in the colony.
and
for
Ancram village, many years the only
ironworks
The
furnace stood on the site of
52
410

dam and
NEW
YORK.
and Mr. Peaslee owns about a
the present paper-mill, at the south end of the bleaching-
water-privilege,
room.
The top-house was on
the north side.
There were
dozen dwelling-houses, occupied mostly by his employees.
four forges built at different times,
one
stood near the
furnace, one stood nearly opposite on the east side of the

kill,
MINING INTERESTS.
There
are four
one stood near the
was about eighty rods
dam on the west side, and the other down the stream on the west bank.
the ex-
mines
in
Ancram,
three iron mines

is
and
one lead mine.
The
first
of these in importance
the
The one near
the
spring of 1839.
dam was carried away by a freshet in The others were torn down, with the
The
WEED
This
is
IRON 3IINE.
ception of the lower one, wliich was afterwards converted

into a dwelling.
located on the north line of the town, about a

line.
ore used was formerly brought from
mile and a half from the Massachusetts
It
was
first
Salisbury, Conn., in carts, but about 1830-c!5 they began

to get ore
opened about 177580, and the ore was then used
at Salis-
from the Copake mine.
The
ore was
first
made
bury and at Ancram.
About twenty
years ago
it
was pur-
into pig-iron in the furnace, and then refined in the forges,
chased by Captain Weed, of Salisbury, Conn., and since that

Its owners since then time it has been actively worked. have been the " Columbia County Iron Company," " Weed
and made into
bar,
and rod-iron of
running
factures of this furnace

excellence.
The manuall kinds. won a wide reputation for their

full
When
for
force the
works furni.shed
colliers,
employment
mained
in
from sixty
to
one hundred men as
teamsters, foundei-s, blacksmiths, etc.
The iron-works
re-
Weed Ore Company." It is now being worked by George Williams, lessee, of Amenia, N. Y. It is worked by the open-cut method, and the present vein
Iron Company," "
the possession of the Livingston

it
family until
to
has been worked
to
a depth of about
fifty feet.
The
ore
1845, when
was sold under foreclosure of mortgage
mined here
from
is
hematite ore, of a fine quality, containing
Peter P. Rossuian and Joseph D. Monell.
In 1847, Ross-
forty-five to fifty
and
a half per cent, of metallic iron.
man
to
sold out to Monell,
who held
In
it till
1853, when he sold

torn
George
W.
Plainer.
1854 the furnace was

site
down, and a paper-mill was erected on the

and Elizur Smith, of Lee, Mass.
It
by Plainer
was afterwards owned
About fifteen thousand tons are mined yearly, furnishing employment for about thirty men and several teams. The ore is taken from the mine in cars drawn by one horse on a railroad, and, after being washed in the Newbold washer,
is
by Stephen H. Plainer and Peter G. Conkling, and was

sold
loaded on the cars.
There
is
an inclined plane seven
by them
in
1859
to
Messrs. Peaslee
&
Carpenter, of
hundred
feet long, leading to the track of the
New York
in cars
Kinderhook, who erected the present
and Harlem
railroad,
up which the
ore
is
drawn
by
a wire cable and
drum run by steam-power.
The Rhine-
peaslee's paper-mill.
It
beck and Connecticut railroad track runs very near the

mine.
was not built
all
at once,
to
but the different buildings
The pumps and washer
are run by a twenty horse-
were put up from time

ceeding the
sale.
time during the four years suc-
power Rider steam-engine, and two smaller engines, the power being furnished by a
of forty horse-power each.
flue boiler
durable manner.
lee,
In 1864 they rebuilt the dam in a very The present proprietor, George H. Peas-
and a tubular
boiler
succeeded this firm in 1868, and continues the business.

is
This mill
building,
the largest one in Columbia county.

is
The main
stories
is
TUE REYNOLDS ORE-BED

located on the farm of Jesse Reynolds, three miles south
which
fifty-four
by ninety
is
feet
and two
high, stands east and west, and
flanked by two wings one
of the
Weed
mine, near the foot of Chestnut ridge.
It
and
a half stories high, the southern

feet,
one being the machine-
was
first
opened by Elias Reynolds about 1855-56.
He New
room, sixty by ninety-five
and the northern one the

feet.
prospected for and tested the ore, and finally sold a mininglease covering thirty acres to
bleach-room, fifty-seven by seventy-six

are built of heavy cut stone
The
buildings
James W. Wilson, of
less extent.
and covered with
slate roofs.
York.
It passed
through the hands of a number of persons,
They
iron
cost about 850,000.
The machines (one
seventy-
being worked by them to a greater or

these was the "
are the "
Among
city,
two-inch, and one sixty-eight-inch cylinder) are set upon

boiims, supported
Empire Company."
The
present owners
by iron columns, and turn out an

materials used are about thirty tons
American Iron Company," of
New York
aggregate of from twenty to twenty-five tons of wrapping-
Francis^. Palmer president.
It is leased
on royalty by
paper each week.
The
of straw, five or six tons of lime, and twenty tons of coal
each week, and employment

hands.
is
afforded for forty-five or fifty
James M. Winchell & Son, of Millerton, N. Y. Since 1875 the mine has not been worked. The cut is about Somesixty feet deep, and of an irregular circular form.
times ten thousand tons of ore have been taken out
year.
in
The water
is
carried
from
the
dam
in
a trunk
one
three hundred feet long, and furnishes
power
to run three
turbine-wheels,
one
this
The mine was
furnished with a fine steam-engine, a
of seventy-five horse-power and two
No. 5 cannon-pump, and a Bradford washer.
railroad
of twenty horse-power each.

thirty feet at
point.
The
fall
in
the stream
is
four miles long was built some years since, connecting the
In the bleach-room are eight
mine with the Harlem

was
sold to them.
railroad at- Boston Corners.
When
boiling-tubs or vats, each having a capacity of four tons of

staw, and the straw, after bleaching and washing,
to pulp in six engines, the roll-bars of
is
the Poughkeepsie and Eastern road was built this track
ground
which are thirty-six

the buildings and
inches in
length.
The
total
cost of
THE MORGAN IRON MINE.

This mine
miles cast of
is
machinery was about $100,000.

with the mill consists of about
The
real estate
connected
located on the
Arthur McArthur farm, two

It
fifty uurcj;,
exclusive of the
Ancram Lead Mines.
was
first
discovered

by Livingston about
difficult to
NEW
YORK.
411
177fi, but
It
was not worked

is
until within
the last twenty-five years.
a small mine, and rather

Its
owner of the mine by virtue of a purchase of the soil. In 1850 March 1 the mine was leased for a period of twelve
work, and has been lying idle since 1876.
years to Josiah Sturgis, of
New
York, who worked

to
it
for
capacity was rated at seven thousand tons per
annum, and
about three years, and then sold the lease

Farrington for $2000.
It
Alexander C.
the ore contained over forty-three per cent, of metallic iron.
remained
idle
till
lS63-&i, when
George Williams, of Amenia.,

lease.
is
the present
owner of the
a stock company was formed and the mine was fitted up
with
all
the most improved machinery for crushing, wasli-
THE ANCRAM LEAD MINE.

About seventy
called a
ing, hoisting,
is
and handling the
ore. at a great expense.

yeai-s,
The
years
ago
Henry Keefer had what

his neighbors
company continued
shaft was
leries
operations about two
and then
"stone bee," at which
lent their as-
stopped, since which time nothing has been done.
The
gal-
sistance to clear a field of the stone that so greatly interfered
sunk
to a
depth of one hundred

all
feet,
and
with the work of cultivation.
While prying out some
proit
of varying length were opened in
directions.
jecting rock he was struck by the strange metallic lustre

possessed,
and upon investigation found
it
to be lead ore.
$23,500
fill
The town of Ancram was bonded to to raise money to pay bounties
the
amount
of
to volunteers to
The farm was
held under lease, and Livingston, hearing of
the town's quota of soldiers in the war for the suppres-
the di.scovery, immediately bought him out and erected a

small smelting-furpace, in which he reduced the ore.
sion of the Rebellion.
Peter P. Rossraan, Elisha Moore,

Collier,
He
David Brandt, Warren D. Tripp, Simeon M. Hoag, Henry Hoysradt, Willis Hoag, William
son,
continued to run the mine for about ten years.
It
was then
S.
Asa Thomp-
abandoned, and remained

lease
idle until in
1836 or 1837 the

it
Nelson Boucher, and William
W. Tanner
served on
was bought by a
yeai-s.
New York
company, who worked
the war committee, and Elisha Moore, Grosvenor B. Ross-
a couple of
In 1848,
Harmon Mclntyre became
man, and Archelaus Brandt were the recruiting committee.
GALLATIN.
This, the central southern town of the county,
Pine Plains,
It
is
is
bounded
lias
an average depth of about twelve

it
feet,
and
is
said to
it
north by Taghkanic, east by Ancram, south by Milan and

in
be very deep in some places,
being asserted that
has
Dutchess county, and west by Livingston.
been sounded
ing bottom.
to a
depth of
five
hundred
feet without find-
the seventh
town of the county
in
area, containing
The shores of
is,
the lake are gently sloping, and
twenty-three thousand seven hundred and thirty-nine acres, of which less than three-fourths
population
it
is
generally cultivated to the water's edge.
The
inner angle
hill
under cultivation.
In
its
of the lake
however, occupied by a heavily- wooded
now ranks
as the seventeenth town,
and
that rises in an easy slope from the water and attains a
population has been reported at the four last censuses as

lows, viz.
in
:
fol-
height of several hundred
feet.
This lake was named after
in 1860,
1533;
in
1865, 1392;
in
1870, 1416;
a slave of Robert S. Livingston,

at a
who was
his
housekeeper
1875, 1361.
It is centrally distant southeasterly
from
house he buiJt on the shore of the lake.

is
The
outlet
Hudson about thirteen miles. The character of the surface

narrow
of the lake
is
at the outer angle. a westerly course
It flows south for a mile
hilly in the extreme.
and then takes
through the town
to Liv-
strip of comparatively level land borders the RoeloflF
ingston, and, after running a course of about eight miles,
Jansen's Kill and the outlet of Lake Charlotte, but these

lands soon change to rolling and soon to hilly country.
hills are
empties into Roeloff Jansen's Kill.
The banks of
its
this
The
stream are low and
flat for
the
first
four miles of
course,
generally arable to their summits, but a high range

hills
and
after that are steep
and rocky.
Roelofi" Jansen's Kill,

its
of rocky, sterile
enters the town
near Lake Charlotte

southwesterly direcpoint of this
the principal stream, enters the town near the centre of

east line,
in the northeast part,
and extends
in a
and runs a rather tortuous course of some
five
and
tion nearly across the town.
The culminating
a half miles, in a southwesterly direction, passing into Pine

Plains near
range
soil
is
is
"
Mattashuk Hill," south of Lake Charlotte.

is
The
mode-
Mount
Ross.
It
again bends to the northward

s
generally of a slaty or gravelly loam, and
about a mile west of Jackson

southern boundary until
it
Corners, and becomes the
rately fertile.
for agriculture,
fertile
In the
valle3"s
the land
is
of a good quality
enters the town of Livingston.
and the
hills in
the south and east parts are
The banks of
rocky, and
mill-seats.
its
this stream are generally steep
and sometimes
and productive.
The
crops raised are the same as
course
is
quite rapid, affording several good
in adjoining towns, rye
being the principal grain.

is
The
its
principal
body of water
Lake Charlotte, some-
Gallatin was formerly a part of the Livingston manor.
times called Coby's pond, after a

shore,
mau who once
lived on
This town was
first
settled in the latter part of the seven-
which
lies
near the centre of the north border of
teenth century by emigrants from Holland and Germany.
the town.
It lies in the
It occupies
form of a bent arm, with the elbow
We
are unable to give
much
of a sketch of this earliest
to the west.
some one hundred and
fifty acres,
settlement, and in giving the
names of early
settlers
we
412
refer to the earliest of

whom
any record or tradition
is
NEW
YORK.
in
hance's residence, and Coon's was near the present residence
existence.
These
first settlers
followed the course of the
of Mr. William Pulver.
Both of these men

in
enlisted in the
streams, and selected their farms as far as possible in the Probably the first inhabitant of the interyals and flats.
American army and served
the Revolution.
Wheeler
returned after the close of the war and became a resident,
town was a man by the name of Hans Dings, who, as came here nearly two centuries ago. As is indicated by his name, he was a Hollander, and upon his
tradition says,
arrival
in
but Coon was killed in the war.
His widow afterwards

lease,
married Hendrick Younghance, and he retained the
this
upon some
part of the Livingston manor.

kill
country decided to take up his residence Following the

to find a
which was passed down from one generation to another until about 1860, when the title to the soil was purchased by
Henry Younghance
Coon.
(a grandson of Hendrick Younghance),

first
course of the
to an Indian
good
location,
he at
last
oame
wlio at present owns the lands
owned by Wheeler and

settler
wigwam
standing in a lovely glade, and stopped
there to rest and refresh himself after his toilsome journey.
Hendrick Hoysradt was an early
on the farm
now
The Indian seemed very friendly, and finally invited Dings Returning to come to that point and make a settlement.
to the
occupied by Egbert Silvernail, on the east side of the creek.
He
was one of the
first
members of the
in his
it
"
Vedder" church,
hold the
manor-house. Dings related his adventures, and Liv-
and always punctual and regular

services.
attendance on the
to
ingston sent a messenger to bring the Indian to him.

consûltation
However, when
was thought best
was then held, which resulted in the drawing up of a lease satisfactory to all parties, and Dings immediately entered upon his possessions and cut a boundary
line
services, at least a portion of the time, for the benefit of the
English-speaking inhabitants, he rather demurred, and only

attended when the sermon to be delivered was given in the
around them.
Here the Dings family
lived through
German
language.
At one time the
pastor, in order to give
several generations, until finally the proprietor of the

su.specting 'that the farm boundaries included
manor
to all the benefit of his discourse, translated the discourse
more land
into English, and after preaching awhile in
German, stopped
the
last
than the lease called
for,
caused
it
to
be resurveyed, and
and gave the English
vei-sion,
and then proceeded through
thus cut off a parcel of land on which was situated a fine

mill-privilege.
the sermon in the same way. of the
The moment
clause
seat
to
This incensed the occupant of the farm;

his lease to Livingston,
German
discourse was uttered, Hoysradt
left his
and he sold out

Pennsylvania.
and removed to
and stalked gloomily from the church without waiting

hear
it
On
coal
the farm he there occupied, one of the
translated.
most valuable
covered.
mines
in
the State was afterwards disin
The Dings farm remained

it
the possession of
Matthew George settled on the place now occupied by Hiram Wheeler. He kept a blacksmith-shop there, and
also did
the Livingstons until
was sold
His
son,
Egbert
Silvernail,
originally consisted of three
to John G. Silvernail. now owns and occupies it. It hundred and sixty acres. The
something
in
the line of selling liquor.

fii-st
The
by
place
now owned by Andrew Coons was

Andris Coons.
settled
his grandfather,
That of
S. P.
Ham
house occupied by the Dings family was built of very heavy timbers, some of them being twenty inches square, and
stood on the south side of the road, directly opposite the
by John Harris. That of Caleb Wolcott by Christian Duntz. That of Michael Rowe by Heinrich Shook, who
is
said to
have been a
fat
and rosy Dutchman, who.se chief

winter
present dwelling.
side to the road.
first
It It
was a long house, and stood with
its
occupation was trying to keep on the shady side of the house
quarter of the present century.
was torn down some time during the When it was being
during the hot days of summer, and endeavoring
in
to secure an equable distribution of the heat of the fire to
demolished, several old documents were found in secure Most of these were written in Dutch, but hiding-places.
a few of
every portion of his body.
John Nicholas
settled on
DuflF
was the name of the man who
first
them were
in English.
One of
the latter was an

girl,
and cleared the farm now owned by Henry
Sil-
article of indenture,
by which a young
an emigrant,
to
vernail.
was bound out
as an apprentice
by a Captain Hazard
Cornelius Miller was the
first settler
on the farm now
pay her passage-money by a service of six years.
occupied by Jacob and

gar was the
is
Adam
Fingar, and Frederick Fin-
Some
years ago, while grading for the foundations of a
first
on that occupied by William Fingar,
who
building, a
number of human
site
skeletons were discovered a
one of his descendants.

Oliver Griswold was the
first
few rods east of the
of the old house.
One
of them
feet in
settler
in
the northeast
was that of a man who must have been over seven

height, a veritable giant.
It is supposed that this
relics
part of the town, about five miles north of Gallatinville.
was an
Nicholas Miller settled in Gallatin, a

village,
little
south of
Ancram
Indian burial-place.
Other
of the aborigines
who
on the place which
still
bears his name.
John Kil-
once inhabited this territory, in the shape of spear and

arrow-heads, have frequently been discovered.
nail
niore,
on the Kilmore place, and Peter Johnson were also
Mr.
Silver-
early settlers.
has a spear-head made of
flint
now
in his possession.
first
In the northwest part of the town the

the families of two
settlers
were
ORGANIZATION.
This town was formed from Ancram, March 27, 1830,
men named Coon and Wheeler.
They
were brothers-in-law and commenced a clearing together, a

short distance east of the present site of the Methodist
by running a north and south

centre.
It
line across the

in
town near the
was named Gallatin

1801-13.
honor of Hon. Albert
church.
After the clearing was completed they divided the
Gallatin,
who was
secretary of the treasury of the United
land into equal portions and proceeded to build their houses.
States
in
When
the town of Livingston was
Wheeler's house stood near the
site
of Mr.
Henry Young-
divided, in 1803, the part which was afterwards called
An-

cram was named GallatiD.
This was changed,
in
NEW YORK.
413
1814,
to
Ancram, and when the
division of
1830 occurred the name

in
of Gallatin was revived and assumed by the new town.
The
first
the following April,
and we append a copy of the record

" At a town-meeting held, agreeable to law, at the
P. Killmer, in the
Hoase of John
of April, 1830,
Town
of Gallatin, on the Sixth
Day
and the following regulations were adopted, viz, John S. Harris was chosen moderator of the da;; Abraham F. Miller, supervisor; Marks Piescer, town clerk John A. Hoysradt, Jacob Teal, Jr., and William I. Coon, asfessora John L. Duntza, Cornelius Vanbenachotcn, and John R. Loomis, commisaionera of highways; George Rowe, Job D. Tanner, and Adam Hoyaradt, commissioners of schools; Isaac T. Loomis, Robert N. Van Deusen, and Henry Yuunghanse, inspectors of schools; John P. Killmer, Philip H. Mink, and Lodawick Snyder, overseers of the poor; Job J). Tanner, Justice of the peace; James H. Miller, collector; James H. Miller, John Smith, John A. Smith, Duncan Thompson, poundmaaand Humphrey Crary, constables ter; Andris Colpough, inspector and aealer of weights and meas(Then follows a list of thirty overseers of highways, and the ures. usual restrictions upon the running at large of animals.) " It wna voted at said Meeting that the collector's fees shall be Three cents on a Dollar. "Marks Piester, Tokh Clerk."
when
the following persona were Elected to

:
oflnce,
We
append a
full list
of the most prominent town time
oflScers
from (he organization
to the present
1878.

414
NEW YORK.
many cases been obliterated by the effacing The old&st date now to be seen is " 1782,"
ville
or Weaver Hollow, but sometimes at other places. The town is divided into two election districts, the pollingplaces being located at Gallatinville and Weaver Hollow.
these have in
finger of Time.
on a stone marked " A. D.," and the most ancient readable

inscription
is
The
villages of this
town are
small, scarcely deserving
the following, which marks the resting-place

viz.
more than the name of hamlets.
of a son of Peter Dennis,
GALLATINVILLE,
which
is
" Iq memory of Willium Dinniea, Son of Petries aod Mary Dio3 nies, who departed this life Sept. the 2d, 1799, Aged 19 years
<!c
the largest,
lies
on Roeloff Jansen's Kill,
in the
months."
eastern part of the town.
It is a station on the Rliinebeck
The
largest cemetery
is
the one at the "
Vedder church,"
and Connecticut railroad, twenty miles northeast from Rhinebeck, and contains two stores, one hotel, a gi-ist-mill, a plaster-mill, two wagon and blacksmith-shops, and about a
dozen dwellings.
which contains about three acres of ground and some twelve hundred graves. The ground is on a gently-rolling lot, in which the church
is
built.
The
oldest graves date back to
The
first
store on the south side of the
1770, although without doubt

there at an earlier date.
reads,
creek was kept by

years ago.
Adam
Hoysradt, some
fifty
or sixty
many One of these
burials
took place
oldest inscriptions
The first school in this neighborhood now remembered was kept by an Irishman, named Nicholas Conroe,
in a log school -house which stood near the site of the present
district
" Katrinna, Weib von Johannes Ham, IS ge Storben Sep 14,

1770 Im 27: Jahr
Iher Alther."
red school-house, in
lage.
No.
7, a
mile south of the
vil-
Gallatinville has a post-oflSce.
WEAVER HOLLOW
is
Another commemorates " Doct. Elijah Adams, a

and
soldier of the Revolution,"
patriot
situated on the outlet of
Lake
who
died in 1837, at the
Charlotte, in the north-
west part of the town.
It is built mostly
on the south side
age of eighty-three years.
of the creek on a high bank, and contains one store and

hotel, a grist-mill, plaster-mill, saw-mill, distillery, a black-
A
On
fine
monument standing
at the west of the
church
bears the following inscriptions, which explain thera.selves.
smith-shop, and half a dozen houses.
Henry
P. and Philip
the west side,

" Rev.
H. Mink were the first residents, and the place was called " Mink Hollow" for a long time, after them. The proprietor of the manor built the first saw-uiill on " Dove
creek" (the outlet of Lake Charlotte) for their use.
Philip
'
Herman Vedder.
Died
29tb, 1873,
June
In the 96th year

of bis age,
I
Mink
place
also
kept a store there.
After several years the prop-
have fought a good
fight,
erty was purchased by Peter
and Joseph Weaver, and the
I
I
have finished my course, have kept the faith.' "
sometimes called
became " Weaver Hollow," though it is at present " Snyderville" and "West Gallatin."
is
And
on the south face,

" Rev. Herman Vedder
Served
as Pastor of
" Weaver Hollow"
the
more common name.
The
nearest
post-office is Livingston.
UNION CORNERS,
formerly called " Harrison's Corners" and " Pleasant Vale,"
'
this
church
61 years.
in the southeast part of Livingston, lies partly in this town.
Servant of God, well done

Rest from
tliy
loved employ
"
The
post-office there is
" Elizaville."
The
battle fought, the victory won,
JACKSO.VS CORNERS,
a small village in Dutchess county,
lies
Enter thy Master's joy.'
partly in this town.
The cemetery
church
is
at the
West
Grallatin
Methodist Episcopal
There are two churches in this town, one of them of

the Reformed Protestant Dutch denomination, the other a
a small one,
and contains but a few graves, none
of them antedating the century.
Methodist Episcopal church.

appropriate headings.
Their histories follow under
REFORMED PROTESTANT DUTCH CHURCH IN GALLATIN.

The
earliest record relates to the
baptism of infants, and
CEMETERIES.
There are two cemeteries
in
is
dated 1748.
Probably the organization was effected at
Gallatin, and
there have
about that time, under the ministrations of Rev. J. Freymoet.
been several private burial-grounds, most of which have
become
obliterated.
to
Many
of the people go
to
Abcram and
is
The
first
name
or
title
of this church was that of " Stis-
Pine Plains
bury their dead.

that near
sick" (probably
^'Stissiiiff,"
from the mountain at the south),
Probably the oldest of the burial-grounds
the second that of "

in
Ancram," before the town was divided

in its old age, it has
Mr. E.
Silvernail's,
known
as
1830
and for many years,
borne the
It
fresh and verdant
name of
as the "
" the
Greenbush Church."
THE DINQS BURYINa-QROUND.

is
popularly
known
Vedder" church,
after its long-
Most of the stones erected there were of

rudely engraved, often with but the
slate,
and were
of the
time pastor. Rev. H. Vedder.
initial
lettera
name of the person whose grave they marked.
Even
The earlier church edifice was a square frame structure with a square or " hip" roof, and stood nearly south from

the present site and a few rods distant.
Its pulpit
NEW
YORK.
Abram
415
was of
comber, Henry H. Birkins,
Davis, Aaron Coons, J.
the barrel shape then in vogue, and furnished with a huge
Chester Hoyt, H. C. Masten, William Green, N. H. Bangs,
sounding-board.
In 1823 this building was condemned,

built, it
and Charles Gorse, the present incumbent, who
is
now
serv-
and the present one

in
being finished and dedicated

that
occasion was
:
ing his second year in this charge, which includes at present
February, 1824.
The sermon on
Jackson Corners, Union Corners, and West Gallatin.

one at West Taghkanic.
preached by the pastor, from Psalm
xxii., first verse
" I
portion of the time this charge has been attached to the
was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the house
of the Lord."
In 1872 a pipe-organ was placed
in
the
The
present membership consists of some thirty or forty
church
at a cost
of $1650, exclusive of the cost of building

it.
an arched room in the rear of the church to receive
The year
following, 1873, extensive changes were
the interior arrangements at a large outlay.
made in In 1874 the
parsonage was repaired at a cost of 81800.
The
pastors have been, in order of their service, Revs. J.
Freymoet,
Lansing,
Harman Vedder,
until
F.
M. Bogardus,
Rev.
The present officers are Friend Smith, Henry Henry Younghance, trustees Henry Younghance, Marks Duntz, John E. Phillips, stewards; Henry Rockefeller, class-leader. The first Sabbath-school was organized about May 1, 1857, with Henry Younghance as superintendent. The present superintendent is Marks Duntz, with Elizabeth Duntz as assistant. The school has
persons.
Rockefeller,
and Dewitt B. WyckoflT, the present pastor.
Herman
was a
an average attendance of about twenty, and has a library of forty or

fifty
Vedder served
in
as pastor
from 1803
in
1864.
He
volumes.
graduate of Union College,
the class of 1799, and died
the parsonage of this church in 1873.
For a time,
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.
The manufacturing
interests of Gallatin are rather small
during the Revolution, Rev. Dr. J. H- Livingston supplied

the pulpit.
in number and importance.

hi
The
first
of these
is
the
The
present raembei-ship
about one hundred and
forty.
glance at the records from
1748
to
1752 shows
that the
GRIST
of Hoysradt A.
mill
AND FLOURING MILL

at Gallatinville.
families of Knickerbocker,
Wheeler (then
spelled Wieler),
Van Valkenburgh,
This
Williams, Snyder, Killmer, Silbernail, Wiltsie, and Hallen-
was built by the Livingstons,
fiir
John
C. Schultz, one
beck had representatives here at that extremely early day.
of their tenants.
Livingstons was
The
tion
is
territory over
which
this
less
church once held jurisdicthan fourteen churches, of
The first-owner of the property after the Abram F. Miller, who also kept a store.
owned by William W. Hoysradt,
now occupied by no
The
mill has since been
several different denominations, but the stands, a bright
mother church
all.
still
William H. Chadwick, Peter Wheeler, Henry

schoteii,
W. Van Benthe present

feet,
and shining light among them
Mabey & Van Benschoten, and by

Its
owner.
dimensions are forty by sixty-five
and
it is
WEST GALLATIN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

During the pastorate of Rev. Thomas
Taghkanic, a
class
fitted
up with
and
three runs of stones, two for flour and one for

Its capacity for
Ellis
at
West
An-
plaster
feed.
grinding
is
one hundred
Its
was formed
at
latin, consisting
of the following
Weaver Hollow, persons, viz., John
in Gal-
and
fifty
bushels of rye every twelve hours.
power
is
L.,
derived from three central-discharge water-wheels of four

feet
gelina, Abigail E., Catharine, Eli, and'Delia

J.,
;
Duntz; Peter
;
diameter and ten horse-power each.
The water
is
profall
John E., and Rachael Phillips Levina Benton Philip R. Wagoner Deborah, Henry, Robert, and Catharine Younghance Catharine M. Kellerhouse David and Eliza; ; ;
cured from the Rocloff Jansen's Kill, and the head and
is
eleven
feet.
Considerable flour
is
shipped to
is
New
York,
and a good deal of custom grinding
done.
beth Cole; JaneStott; Jeremiah P. Decker; John Lawrence

in
it
;
William
J.
Dykeman and David Ham.

;
The year
VAN BENSCHOTEN's FURNACE.

This establishment
is
which
this class in
was formed
1857.
is
not definitely known, but
located one
and a half miles southkill.
was probably
In 1858 the
west of Gallatinville, on a small tributary of the
It
first
and present church was erected by

together with the church
lot, in^
was
built about thirty-five years ago,
by Moses Spaulding,
Henry Younghance, and,

society.
It
is
as a plow-shop and
foundry.
It
has been subsequently
eluding about an acre of ground, by him presented to the
was built by Captain Hezekiah Smith, of HudIts first cost
owned by Jay Van Benschoten, John Spaulding, John Mackey, and William H. Snyder. The present owner,
Milton
son,
and
a frame building, painted brown.
Van Benschoten, purchased

it
it
of the latter in 1872,

capacity considerably.
was about S7000. It was dedicated by Rev. Joseph B. Wakeley, in October, 1858. Nothing more than incidental
repairs have been
in rather
and has improved
and enlarged
is
its
The product of
five
the shop
about one hundred and twenty-
made
since then, and the church

It is
is
now
It
plows each year, which, together with the custom work
poor cotidition.
valued at about $3000.
done, amounts to about
S2000 per annum.
An
overshot
stands on a gentle elevation, on the south side of the road,
water-wheel, eight feet in diameter, furnishes the power,
about a mile east of Weaver Hollow.
and the
blast
is
supplied by a fan-blower.
The first ofiBcers of the church were Henry Younghance, John E. Phillips, Eli Duntz, John Leonard, trustees Henry
;
Snyder's mills.
These mills are located on Dove creek, at Weaver hollow,
and the
grist-mill
Younghance,
steward
Andrew
first
Lawrence,
pastor,
class-leader.
Rev. Joseph Elliott was the

succeeded by the following
and he has been

viz..
and saw-mill were
built
by the Livingpoint.
in
their
regular order,
stons, for
Revs. William S. Bougliton, Edward Ashton, J.
W. Ma-
He
held
Henry P. Mink, the first settler at this them under a lease, which was afterwards
trans-
416
ferred to Joseph

A. Weaver.
sold to
NEW YORK.
as volunteers. It was also resolved that
1851, and
in
1869
He bought the Adam and Germain

sold out to
property in
same bounty
any one
Fingar and
willing to pay the extra
sum
necessary above the town
William H. Snyder.
1870, and he
Jr.,
The Fingars
Snyder in
bounty should be entitled

teers already enlisted
;
to a substitute
from the volun-
sold, in
1876, to his son, William H. Snyder,
and that the supervisor should be
who
is
the present owner.
At
present there are four
authorized to borrow
money on the money

to
credit of the
town
to
buildings located within a few rods of one another at different

falls
the extent necessary to carry into effect the resolutions

already adopted, such
along the creek.

falls
The stream here runs very

The upper building
fall is
be repaid by taxes levied

first to
rapidly,
and
nearly or quite one hundred feet within a
on the town
at the
in four
annual instalments, the
be levied
distance of fifty or sixty rods.

grist-mill,
the
September meeting of the board of supervisors.

and rendered their report
with two runs of stones, and a

is
of twenty
feet.
In pursuance of the resolutions previously adopted, the
Its wheel
an overshftt, with a diameter of eighteen

building
is
feet.
committee proceeded
to act,
to
The second
diameter.
the feed and plaster-mill, with

fifteen
the town board, Oct. 8, 1864, as follows:
one run of stones, and an overshot wheel
feet in
Paid
is
for
one year volunteer
The
third building
the saw-mill, fitted with an upright
"
'*
saw driven by an iron central-discharge water-wheel four This mill has done considerable work till feet in diameter.
within a few years.
Latterly,
it
" $500 9 one " 5 three year substitntcs S500 2 one year volunteers $725 " " " " Smith and Jacob H. Duntz, services nnd expenses town uffioers for expenses
5
"
two
@ @ @ "
$ 550 4500 2500 1450

3fi25
" "
"
three year
4350 $16,975.00
for
has sawed but a few thou-
to Isaao to
sand
feet in the spring
of each year.
The
fourth, smallest
400.00 28.50
$17,403.50
and lowest of these buildings, is a small distillery, used for manufacturing cider-brandy, and is gauged fur eighty-one
gallons.
Total
Of
this
amount $7246.34 had been

interest
to
raised by tax,
1,
and
to
WAR
The town of
war waged
Gallatin
RECORD.
fully
the
to the
balance, with
October
amounting
was
awake
importance
$10,357.16, was secured by bonds of the town ranging in
of the questions of principle and policy involved in the

for the suppression
its
amount from $157.16 amount was payable

in
in
to
$1200
each.
five
$3000 of
this
of the Rebellion, and ponits
one year and
months, $2957.16
in three years
tributed liberally of
full
means, and promptly furnished
two years and

months.
five
months, and $4400
and
quota of troops,
in
order that the integrity of the nation
five
should be maintained, and the union of the States remain
third meeting, held Jan. 13, 1865, passed the following
unbroken.
action by
Through the
first
three years of the war, no
rather
remarkable
resolution,
viz.
"
That every person
the town itself was had, the efforts being put

;
named on the
fifteen dollars
corrected enrolment of the town of Gallatin,
forth by individuals
but in 1864
it
became evident that
subject to the present draft, by paying the
the town, as an integer of the government, must take a part,
on or before the
first
sum of ($15) day of February next
and a
call
was
issued, signed
by nineteen prominent men
shall be entitled to the
bounty raised by the said town."

was voted
of the town, for a special town-meeting.
The meeting
as-
At
a subsequent meeting, held at William H. Snyder's,

it
sembled at the house of J. Van Benschoten, on the 16th of July, 1864, and elected Milton Smith chairman and
J.
Feb. 4, 1865, this resolution was rescinded, and

that the
amount borrowed by the supervisor should be

and collected Feb. 20, 1865,
at five per
also
H. Duntz
clerk.
It
was decided
to
pay a bounty of
fill
levied in a tax
cent.
not more than $500 for each volunteer to
the quota,
It
authorized a further issue of bonds, and

issued.
and Jacob H. Duntz, Isaac Smith, and

disburse the money.
Adam
Piester were
$2400 êre accordingly
appointed as a war committee to procure the volunteers and
fhe fifth and last special meeting was held at of John H. Moore, on the 24th of February.
Burger presided, and William
motion to issue bonds
for the
the house
Andrew
clerk.
Another meeting was held Aug. 20, 18^4, ^t whjcb Henry Younghanse presided, and John I}. IVJarks was
clerk,
H. Snyder was
remaining indebtedness of
and
it
was then voted that
if a drqft
was made every
the town was voted down, and a resolution to lay a direct tax to pay
it
man
drafled and held to serve should be eqtitled to the
^ns carried by
a large majority.
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS
FROM COLUMBIA COUNTY WHO SERVED
CITY OF HUDSON.
Alonzo Algcr,
enl. Oct. 21, 1861. r.th Cav., Co. L.
IN
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.

May,
Regt, Co. K;
re-enl. sergt., Jan. 11, 1864,
Robert
C. Bruce, enl.
1861, 14th
159tli
Regt, Co. G.
enl. Jan. 4, 1861, 150th Regt., Co. G.
Abram Bunt,
M. M.
Will. U. Ashley, orderly sergt.; enl. Sept. SI, 18GI, 6th Cav., Co.
David
C. Ashley, sergt.
enl. Sept. 23, 1861, 6th CaT., Co.
Wm.
J.
Antrum,
enl. Sept. 27, 1862, I2th Cav., Co. C.
enl. Dec. 30, 186:1, 159th Regt, Co. C. Rowland Brooks, enl. Jan. 26, 1864, 1691h Regt, Co.G. Caleb Brady, enl. Jan. 29, 1864, 159th Regt, Co. G.
Robert R. Butts,
Jacob Albert, enl. Dec. 8, 1802, 12th Cav., Co. C. F. Edward Atwiwd, Ist lieut.; enl. Sept. 18, 1862, 159th Kegt., Co. A.
Edward Calkins, orrierly sergt. ent. James A. Conklin, Corp.; enl. Dec. 2,
;
Oct. 14, 1862, 12tli Cav., Co. C,
1862, 12th Cav., Co. C.
Thomas Akin,
enl. Sept. 12, 1862, 153th Regt., Co. A.
Wm.
Jamos
H. Andrews, Corp.; enl. Sept. 27, 1862, LMth C. Armstrong, enl. Sept. 18, 1862, IS'Jtli Bcgt
l.".9th
Regt., Co. C.
,
Carey D. Coon, Corp.; enl. Nov. 24, 186'2, 12lh Cav., Co. William H. Campbell, enl. Oct 29, 1862, 12th Cav, Co. Nov. 8, 1862, 12lh Cav., Co. C. Josiah Carroll, enl. Nov. 8, 1862, 12th Cav, Co. 0. John Cabin, enl. Nov. 1, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C. Robert N. Coon,
enl.
C C
Co. C.
Charles Alger, enl. Sept. 29, 1862,

;
Regt., Co.
I.
Wra. H. Atwood, 1st lieut. enl. Sept. 20, 1861, 91st Regt, Co. E. John S. Atwood, 2d lieut.; enl. 1st Mounted Rides. Wra. H. Andrews, enl. Sept. 7, 1801, 91st Regt., Co. E.
Charles L. Ackley,
<-nl.
John H. Coon,
enl.
Nov.
24, 1802,
Uth
Cav., Co. C.
Nov.
;
7, 1801, 93il Regt., Co. B.
Patrick Connery, enl. Sept. 11, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. A. Walter R. Conrue, Corp.; enl. Sept. 20, 1802, 159th Kegt, Co.
Aliram Ashley,
Jr., adj.
enl.
July
24, 1862, 128th Regt.
Alexander Arman, quartermaster; enl. 128th Regt. C. H. Andrus, Ist assist, sorg.; enl. Aug. 30, 1862, 128tll Ri'gt. Ethan Allen, Corp.; enl. Ang. 13, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co. K. Stephen Austin, enl. May, 1861, 14lh Regt, Co. K. Robert G. F. Alger, enl. May, 1801, 14th Regt., Co. K.
David Ashton, enl. May, 1861, Itth Regt., Co.
Biram Crumney, enl. Sept 18, 1802, 159th Rgt, Co. C. John Charlotte, enl. 159th Regt, Co. C. Lewis Coppaus, enL Oct 13, 1802, 159th Regt, Co. C. Isaac A. Collier, Corp.; eul. Oct. 5, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M. William Childs, Corp.; enl. Oct 28, 1861, 6th Cav, Co. M. William H. Qapp. Corp.; enl. Sept 20, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M.
Job B. ColBn, blacksmith;
enl. Oct. 18, 1861, 6th
died in the service.
Cav, Co. M.
John H. Uudgley, enl. Sept. 15, 1802, 159th Regt, Co. A. Avery S. Bradley, corp. enl. Sept. II, 1802, l,'''Oth Regt., Co. A. Edward Bingham, Corp. enl. Sept 22, 1862, l.Wtli Regt Co. C. Newton R. Benedict, enl. Sept :10, 1862, l.Mth Regt, Co. C. George W. Benzy, wagoner; enl. Oct 3, 1802, lOOIh Regt., Co. E.
; ; ,
Horatio N. Carpenter, enl. Sept. 30, 1861, 0th Cav., Co. M.
Jamea
P.
Carpenter, enl. Oct
17, 1861,
Olh Cav., Co. M.
Cyrus H. Crissey,
George A. Benzy, enl. Sept 20, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. Stephen E. Best, enl. Oct. 4, 1862, 150th Regt, Co. I. John Birry, enl. Nov. 17, 1801, 91st Kegt, Co. E. Benjamin Bates, eul. Nov. 13. 1801, 9l3t Regt, Co. E. Daniel Barnum, enl. Nov. 9, 1801, 01st Regt Co. E.
,
E.
Alison Bryant, enl. Sept 20, 1801, 91st Regt., Co. E.
Edwin Burdwin, drummer; Ge<irge W. Bacon, 1st lieut

John W. Blunt,
sergt.; enl.
;
enl. Sept. 20, 1861, 91st

;
enl. Sept. 20, 1861, 9l8t
Regt, Co. E. Regt, Co. I.

I.
Jitiper Bogardus, Corp.; enl. Oct. 10, 1861, 91st Kegt., Co.
Oct
17, 1801, 6tli Cav., Co.
Joseph Blnnt, sergt
enl. Oct. 17, 1861, Otii Cav., Co.
M. M.
enl. Oct. 23, 1801, 6th Cav, Co. M. Henry W. Converse, enL Oct 21, 1301, 6tli Cav, Co. M. George Coona, enl. Oct. 30, 1861, 6th Cav, Co. M. Augustus Coi, enl. Oct 31, 1801, 6th Cav, Co. M. Rodolphus Courts, enl. Nov. 12, 1861, 6th Cav, Co. SL Benjamin Courts, enl. Nov. 20, 1861, Oth Cav, Co. M. James H. Coons, enl. Nov. 24, 1881, Oth Cav, Co. M. Manhall Coons, Corp.; enl. Sept 19, 1861, 7lli Cav, Co. L. Coraeliiia V. Coventry, Corp. ; enl. Sept 15, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. L Charles Clark, drummer; enl. Sept 15, 1862, l.Mlh Regt, Co. I. John S. Campbell, enl. Oct 7, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. L George Cole, sergt.; enl. Sept 20, 1861, 9l8t Kegt, Co. E. John Caton, enl. Sept. 14, 1861, 91st Regt, Co. E. John E. Colville, 2d lieut enl. Oct 1, 1861, 91st Bogt, Co. I.
;
Gilbert C. Brooks, Corp.; enl. Sept. 30, 1801, 6th Cav., Co.
M.
George L. Bulles, enl. Sept. 30, 1801, 0th Cav., Co. M. George Bas-iett, enl. Oct 23, 1861, 0th Cav., Co. M. Frank Benedict, eul. Nov. 4. 1801, Otli Cav., Co. M. .Tohn J. Burgfels, enl. Nov. 15, 1861, Otli Cav., Co. M. Thomas H. Balnea, enl. Nov. 20, 1801, 0th Cav., Co. M. Henry Bock, enl. Dec. 4, 1801, 0th Cav., Co. M. Win. Brayman, enl. Sept 17, 1801, 7tli Cav., Co. L. Palmer Barllett, enl. Nov. 25, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C.
Milton Best, enl. Nov. 4, 1862, 12th Cjiv., Co. C. Wesley Bi-adley, 2d lieut; enl. Sept. 18, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. A. Avery S. Br.idley, Corp.; enl. Sept 11, 1862, I59lli Regt, Co. A.
Daniel R. Butis, Corp.
;
enl. Oct 6, 1861, 91st Begt, Co. I. David S. (Jowlea, colonel; enl. July 22, 1862, 12Sth Regt. Palmer C. Cole, surgeon ; enl. Ang. 4, 1862, 128tli Regt. Leonard C. (3ovey, enl. Aug. 6, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. A. Jacob Carl, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, l-28tb Regt, Co. A. George A. Carter, musician enl. Aug. 25, 1802, 128th Eegt, Co. O. Bruce S. Crosinian, enl. Aug. 8, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. K. Jolin Carter, eul. May, 1861,14th Regt, Co. K. Harmon Conroe, enl. May, 1861, Uth Kegt, Co. K. Frank Carpenter, enl. May, 1861, Uth Kegt, Co. K tikon prisoner and died at Andetwnville. Jennings Covey, enl. May, 1801, 14th Kegt, Co. K.
Nelson Cripps,
enl. Oct. 14, 1801, 91st

;
Regt, Co.
I.
George W. Covey,
enl.
May,
1801, 14tli Regt., Co. K.
George Bushncll, sergt enl. Nov. 7, 1861, 93d Regt, Co. II. Augustus W. Bradbury, sergt; enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. A. Lewis Boat, Corp.; enl. July 28, 1802, 128tli Regt, Co. A.
Robert R. Barringer, Corp.; eul. July 31, 180>,
128lli Regt., Co. A.
Thomas Cooper, enl May, 1801, Uth Regt., Co K. Edward Cook, enl. May, 1801, Uth Begt, Co. K. Andrew Clow, enl. May, 1801, Uth Regt, Co. K.
Egbert E. Covey, orderly sergt; enl. Dec. 30, 1803, 159tli Regt, Co. G. Dennis Callahan, enl. Jan. 25, 1804, 159th Kegt, Co. G.
Wall.ice Brewer, enl. July 28, 1862, 128th R.gt, Co. A.
John John John
Burrilt, enl. Aug.

C.
4,
1802, 128th
Regt, Co. A.
Baker, enl. July 31, 1802, 128th Regt., Co. A.

enl.
Best, oid.
George Brown,
Aug. 15, 1802, 128th Uegt., Co. 0. Aug. 15, 1802, 12Sth Regt., Co. G.
Robert M. Blunt, Corp.; enl. Ang. 12, 1802, 128th Regt., Co. K. Sylve--.tcr Brewer, coqi. enl. Aug. 6, 1802, 12^lli Kegt, Co. K. Benjamin Best, enl. Aug. 0, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. K.
;
John Dorson, enl. July 2, 1861, 48lh Regt., Co. I. Edward Dnira, saddler; enl. Sept 23, 1801, 6th Cav, Co. M. James H. Davis, enl. Oct. 2, 1861, 6th Cav, Co. M. Jefferson Dykeman, enl. Nov. 5, 1861, 6tli Cav, Co. M. John H. D.inlus, enl. Sept. 19, 1862, 12th Cav, Co. C.
UolTiiian
S.
Dorchester, enl. Dec.
0,
1862, 12th C.iv., Co. C.
Thomas Daley,
to
enl. Sept. 17, 1862, 159tli
Begt, Co. A.
Leman W.
Bnidley,
l.-t
lieut; enl.
May,
1861, 14lh
Regt, Co. K; promoted

Kegt, Co. K; promoted
in the service.
;
colonel of 04tb Regt.
Fayette M. Butler, 2d lieut; enl. .May, ISOl,

Kiptaiu Co. C, 14th
I4tli
to
Regt
John Barry,
t;eoi
eul.
May, 1801, Utii Ri'gt, Co. K; died
ge W. Bristol, enl. Jlay, 1861,

IjUtli
Uth Begt.
Co.
re-nl. coqi., Jan.
1,
ISOt,
Johu Dennis, enl. Sept. 16, 1862, 159th Regt, Ov A. Robert De Satia, musician enl. 159th Regt., Co. C. Edward Duffy, corp. enl. Oct. 6, 1602, 159th Kegt, Co. G. Piatt Degiaff,cnl. Sept 27, 1802, 159th Kegt., Co. G. James Dennis, Corp.; enl. Sept 30, 1S02, 159th Regt, Co I. John C. Delcmalor, sergt; eul. Aug. 8, 1862, 128th Kegt, Co.
; ;
A.
Regt, Co. G.
Thomas
N. Davis, 2d lieut; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, 128th Kegt,, Co. C.
53
417
418
Dorau, pnl. Ang.
11, 1802,

IMlU
Itcgt
,
NEW YORK.
TIioDiiis
Co. K.
Hanison Dingman, enl. Mny,

Martin Day, Corp.
;
18C1, 14lh Rogt., Co. K. 18IU, l.SOth Rett., Ci. G.
Charles Hoes, enl. Ang. II, 1862, 128th Rogt, Co. K. Leonard Horlon, enl. Aug. 28, 1802, 128th Regt., Co. K.
Thadilens Hamlin, enl. Ang. 14, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co. K. John HoUapple, sergt enl. May, 1861, 14lh Regt., Co. K. Robert A. Hubhel, Corp.; enl. May. 1801, 14th Regt, Co. K. George C. Hermance, eul. May, 1801, 14tli Regt, Co. K. Charles H. Howes, eul, Dec, ;iO, 166;!, 159th Regt,, Co, G.
; ,
eiil. Jii.2l>,
Thcmnij Doxon,
i-nl. Jnii
24, 1864, 150111 Rogt., Co. G.
John W.
DnrliinB, enl. Jan. 25, 18G4, 159lli Rcgl., Co. G.
Alexander Day, enl. Jan. 26, 18M, l.-iillh Kegt, Co. Q. Charles A. ErerU, 2d lient. enl Sept. 18, lHlil, Ulb Cav., Co. M. re.enl. lt lieut E. Spencer Elmer, Corp.; enl. May, ISGI, Uth Regt., Co. K
; ;
Feb.
8, ISfrJ,
159Ih Regt., Co. G.
Alexander Ellison, enl. Jan. 6. 1864, 133th Regt., Co. G. Jacob Feen, enl. Oct. 24, 1861, 5th Ct Co. L. Alexander Frear, Corp. enl. Sept. 27, 1861, 6th Ca, Co. M. John H. Fredenhnrgh, eiil. Oct 19, 1802, 12lh Cav., Co. C.
, ;
John
Spencer Helmer, enl. Dec. 23, 1863, 159th Regt, Co. G. William Irving, enl. May, 1861, 14th Regt, Co. K. B. Jewell, enl. Nov. 24, 1801, 6th Cuv., Co. M. Charles S. Jones, eul. Nov. 20, 1861, Otii Cav., Co. M. Byron June, enl. Dec. 22, 1862, 12lh Cav,, Co. C. Justus June, enl Sept. 15, 1862, 159th Regt Co. A.
,
Sylvester Ferry, enl. No. 24, 1862, 12th Ca., Co. C.
Thomas
Jones, enl. Sept. 15, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. A.

;
John H. James Fitzgerald,
Fleur, enl.
Nov.
7,
1862, 12lh CaT., Co. C.
sergt.; enl. Sipt. 19, 1802, 150th Reel., Co. C.
Wm. A. Jayquins, Corp. enl. Sept. 26, 1802, 139th Wm. Jandro, enl. Sept. 17, 1861, 91st Regt, Co. E.
Patrick Kelly, enl. Oct. 14, I80I, 6th Cav,, Co.
Regt
Co. C.
Lewis Fox, eul. Sept. 24, 1^^C2, 159lli Regt., Co. C. Wra. F. French, sergt.; enl. Sept. IS, 1862, 159th Rogt., Co. G.
M.
Theodore Kensler, enl. Sept
12, 18(12, 1.59lli
Regt, Co. A.
Wm.
Isiiiic
Foster, enl. Oct. 18, 1862, 169th Regt., Co.
I.
Forth, musician; enl. Sept. 20, 18C1, 9l8t Regt, Co. E.

enl. Sept. 7, 1861, 91^t Regt., Co. E.
John Kelly, enl. Sept. 11, 1862, l,59ih Regt., Co, A. Patrick Keagan, enl, Sept. 20, 1862, 159lh Regt Co. A.
,
Jacob Finch,
J.ihn
W,
Keesler, enl. Sept. 26, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. D.
James Fowler, enl. Sept. 10, 1861, 91at Regt, Co. E. Chnstopher Fidler, enl. Oct 2, 1861, 9lBt Regt, Co. I. James P. Foster, môr; enl. Ang. 29, 18C2, 128lh Regt. Lewis B. Fairbanks, sergt enl. Aug. 7, 186-', I28lh Regt., Co. A. John Fogarty, enl. Aug. 16, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. A. Alexander Filth, sergt.; enl. May, 1861, 14th Regt., Co. K. Loton Fuller, enl. May, 1861, 14th Regt., Co. K; re-enl. Jan. 4,
;
Joseph Kehoe, enl. Nov. 12, 1801, 93d Regt,, Co. B. Francis S. Kcese, capt enl. Aug. 21, 1862, 128lh Regt, Co. C. John Kennedy, enl. May, 1861, 14th Regt, Co. K. Frank Kirtz. enl. May, 1801, Htli Regt,, Co. K died of wounds.
;
I8C4, 159th
Regt., Co. 6.
Edwiird Fitzgerald, enl. Feb.
1,
1804, 159th Regt.,
Henry Gruelling, enl. Oct 29, IFOl, Emerson D. Grifflu, eul. Dec, 22, 1862, 12th
Miclmil Grady,
Co G. 6lh Or., Co. M.

Cav., Co. C.
William Kirtland, enl. May, 1801, 14th Regt, Co. K. Isaac C. Knowles, enl. May, 1861, 14tli Regt, Co. K. Piatt Knickerbocker, enl. Sept. 17, 1802, 159th Regt, Co. G. Abram W. Link, enl. Nov. 16, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M. Robert D. Lathrop, adjt enl. Sept 17, 1862, 169th Regt Cliaries Lawton, enl. Sept 8, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. A.
;
cnl. Dec. 22, 1862, 12tli C:iv., Co. C.
Edward
Robert
L. Giiul,
cupt
enl. Sept. 18, 1862, 159th Rogt., Co.

;
A.
John Leonard, enl. Sept. 5, 1802, 159th Re);!., Co. A. Byron Lockwood, 2d lieut; enl. Oct. II, 1802, I39th Regt, Henry Livingston, enl. Oct. 2, 1801, 9l8t Regt, Co. I.
Charles Leniz, enl. July 24, 1802, 128lh Regt, Co. A.
Co. G.
Ganlner,
sergt.
enl.
Sept
9, 18li2,
159th Kegt, Co. A.
Charles H. Gardner, eul. Sept.
7,
1862, 15tli I$egt., Co. A.
Thomas H. Lanighun,
Martin Leonard, Robert Lealian,
enl.
eul.
July
24, 1802, 128th
Ariel L. &iuiewell. capt; enl. Oct. 4, 1862, 15)ith Regt, Co. C.
Aug.
11, 1802, 128tli
Regt Co. A. Regt, Co. K.

,
Martin M. Gamer, Corp. Harrison George. Corp
enl. Sept. 19, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. C.

enl. Oct. 2, 1801, Olst
Oliver Lsraphoar, enl. Aug. 30, 1802, 128th Regt., Co. K.

enl.
James
Regt, Co. I. Regt, Co. I. Regt Co. 1. Edward Gifford, rapt cnl. July, 1S02, 12Slh Regt., Co. A. Jacob H. Groat, enl. May, 1801, 14lli Regt, Co. K. Edward Oalliigher, musician enl. Aug. 1862, 128tli Regt, Co. A.
;
May,
'23,
1861, 14lh
Regt, Co, K.
Co. D.
Gnrrett, enl. Oct.
4,
1861, 91st
Oscar Lewis, enl, Jan.
1804, 159tli Regt,, Co. G.

16, 1801.
Wm.
Galbrailh, enl.
Oct
;
3,
1801, Olst
James H. Maze,
William Martin,
eul.
Oct
2d Cav
Charles H. Miller, enl. Sept 3U, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M.
Michael Giiineii, Abmm Gardner,
enl.
enl.
Aug. Aug.
11, 1862,
128lh Regt, Co. A.
25, 1862, 128th

;
Rogt, Co. K.
Wm.
L. llerniance, Ist lieut.
enl. Oct. 16, 1861, 0th Cur., Co.
M.
George W. Harrison, farrier;

lieiijuniiu Hill, enl.
enl.
Sept
28, 1801, 6th
Cav, Co. M.
Oct
14, 1861s
Olh Cuv., Co.

6tli
M. M. M.
E.lgur P. Holdridge, enl. Oct. 25, 1801,
Cav., Co.
Sept 27, 1861, Olh Cav., Co. M, John J, Morrison, enl. Oct 4, 1861, 61h Cav,, Co. M. Theodore Miiikler, enl. Oct 29, 1861, 0th Cav,, Co, M. Wm. H. Murgitroyd, enl. Oct 29, 1601, Olh Cav,, Co, M. Charles A, Marsh, eul, Nov, 19, I80I, Otii Cav,, Co. M. George Moore, enl. Dec. 1, 1861, 6tli Cav,, Co, M. Wintteld S, Miller, Corp.; enl. Sept 17, 1801, 7th Cav,, Co. L. Multis McTn.yd, enl. Dec. 16, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. I).
enl.
Lnmliert
J.
Hnbbell, enl. Nov.
I,
ISOl, 0th Ciiv., Co.
John Havery, eul. Sept 25, 1801, Otli Cav., Cu. M. John Huuna, enl. Nov 19, 1861, G'h Cav., Co. M.
Erastus Holliater, enl. Dec.
3, IJOI,
Henry H. Miller, enl. Oct. 5, 1802, 12lh Cav., Co. C. Andrew Miller, enl. Nov. 8, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C.
Michael McCabe, cnl. Nov. 11, 1802, 12th Cav., Co. C. George Maurer, Corp. enl. Sept 5, 1802, 159tli Regt, Co. A. John McGuire, eul. Sept 11, 1862, I59th Regt, Co. A.
;
Olh Car., Co.
M.
Horace Harris, sergt
enl.
Sept
8,
18, 1801, 7th Cav., Co. L.
Wm. H. Hubl.anI, cnl. Nov. 1, Wm. W. Holliubcck, enl. Nov.

:
18ia, 12lh Cav., Co. C.

1802, 12'h
Cav
Co. C.
Uri.ih Hurlburt, enl. Der. 2, 1S62, 12th Cav., Co. C.
Richard M. Mosier, eul. Sept. 12. 1802, 159lh Regt., Co. A. James Moore, enl. Sept. 8, 1802, l.Mth Regt, Co. A. John J. Morgan, enl. Sept 4, 1802, 159th Regt, Co. A.
Joshua D. Iliirriiigton, sergt eul. Supt. 12, 1802, loOlh Regt., Co. A. John Higgins, corp; enl. Sept 6, 1802, 159th Itegt., Co. A.
Rossmaii Hustrd, Corp.; enl. Sept.
5, 1802, 159tli Iti-gt., Co.
A.
H. Holliubrook, Corp.; eul. Sept. 18, 1862, 159lh Regt., Co. A. Hauver, enl. Sept 8, 1802, 1.59lh Regt, Co. A. George Howse, eul. Sept. 5, 1802, 15nth Regt, Co. A. Jacnb Hullinbeck, enl. Sept. C, 1802, 1.5mh Regt, Co. A; trans, to Co. G. EdgiirG. Ilubbell,2d lieut.; cnl. Oct 4, 1802, 159tli Regt, Co. C. Lewis S. Hart, musician enl. Sept. 13, 1802, loOtli Regt, Co. C.
J.icob
;
Wm.
George C. Miller, enl. Sept. 25, 18|-.2, 150lh Regt. Co. C. Alexander Mayot, enl. Sept 22, 1802, 159lh K.gt,Co. C. James Morrison, enl. Sej.t 1.1, 1802, 15!lth Regt, Co. D. Thomas McCoiniick, eul. Sept 13, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. G
discharged.
tmuhf
to Co.
K;
Rogt, Co. E. James McCrtliy, enl. Sept 15, 1801, 91st Regt, Co. E. Henry McGee, enl. Sept 17, 1601, 91at Rrgt, Co. E.
Charles McCarty, enl. Sept.
7,
1801, 9l3t
Tuiii^ Ilollinbeck,
wagoner
Sept
enl. Sept. 24, 1802, 15'Jth Ri'gt

,
Co. C.
Jam'
Hunglilaliug, enl. Sept 25, 1802, IJWli Regt

enl.
Co. O.
George Holer,
29, 1862, 159th R.-gt., Co. C.
James McCiinn, enl. Sept 8, 1801, 9l3t Regt., Co. E. John Murray, enl. Sept. 1.5, 1801, 91st Regt,, Co, E. John Martin, enl, Sept. 13, 1801, 9l3t Regt, Co, E. James Minklcr, enl. Nov. 2, 18111, 91st Regt, Co. U.
.li.hu
Jauie* Hamlin,
Frederick Hamlin,
drummer; enl. Oct. 6. 1802, 159lh Regt, Co. E. dnimmer: enl, Sept. 22, 1862, 159tli Kegt,, Co.
17, 1,<62,
Mooro,
enl, Oct. 8, 1861, Olal Regt,, Co,

enl, Dec. 6, 1801, Olst
I.
E.
John Maun,
Regt, Co,
I.
CImiles lloughtaliug, enl. Sept,

Patrick Hanity, enl.
Will.
II.
109th Regt., Co. G.
Oct
16, 1902, 1,09th Regt,, Co. G.
Egbert McKenn, enl, Dec, 5, 1801, 9;)d Regt, Co, B, Milo P. Moore, corp, enl. July :il, 1802, 12Sth Regt, Co. A.
;
Hawes,
enl.
I'eier llagailurn, enl.
Sept 4, 1862, 159lh Regt,, Co, I. Sept 21, ISOl, 9lat Regt,, Co, I.
George A, Holt, eiil, Dec, 5, 1801, 03d Regt.. Co. D. Jiimei W. Hood, enl. Nov, 7, 1801, 9id Re^t, Co. B. Gnuiville P. Hawes, 1st lieut; eul, July, 1802, 12Slli Regt, Co, A. John .N, Hague, eul, July 26, 1802, 12Sth Re;;t,, Co, A. John Hermance, enl. Aug. 4, 1862, lixth R-gt, Co. A. Gerge H Ilarv.y, cnl. July IS, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. A. B-iijaiiiin A. Iliiiid, enl. Aug. 21. 1802, 12Klh Regt, Co. O. Wiu. I) Hand, eul. Aug. 21, 1802, liHlh Regt., Co. G. David llauer, enl, Aug, 2il. 1802, 128lh Regt,, Co, G.
Fraiiui.
lloiliai,
W. C. Melius, enl, Aug, 4, 1862, 12Sth Regt,, Co, A. Abnn. E. Miller, enl, July 24, 1862, 128lh Regt, Co, James Moore, enl, Ang, 3, 1802, 128th Regt,, Co. A.
Arthur A. Moore,
enl.
A,
Aug.
4,
1802, 1281h
Regt, Co. A.
Andrew
Miller, enl. Aug. 11. 1802, 12Sth Regt., Co. A.

2,
Reiibeu M.iores, enl. Aug.
1802, 128tli
Christopher Moggart,
enl.
Aug.
14, 1802, I2Stli
Regt, Co. A. Regt, Co, A,
Howard H, Moise, Ist lieut; eul, Aug. 21, 18i;2. 128th Regt, Co, C. Howard E, Mitchell, sergt enl, Aug, 1,5, li.02, 128lh Regt, Co, G. Cornelius McMananey, enl, Aug, 19, 1802, 128th Regt, Co. G.
;
sergt; enl, Aug.
2ii,
.J,
1802, 12Sth
Regt. Co, K,
,
Tiiuulliy lloraii, sergt; enl,
Aug,
1802, 128lli Ui.gl
(,,
K,
Jacob H. Miller, eul. Aug. 14, 1802, 128th Kegt, Co. K. John Matkey, corp; enl. May, 1801, I41li Regt, Co. K. George II. Macey, corp; enl. Mîy, Isl.l, Mth Regt C, K.
,

Willi.im B. VichHel, eol. May, 1861, Htli Regt, Co. K.
Chftilea A. Michael, Corp.; enl.
NEW
YORK.
419
May,
1861, 14lh Bi-gt., Cu.
K;
retiil. Ftb. 3,
1864, 159th R^pt., Co. G.
William H. Megick, iôl. Jiin. 26, 18G4, 15gth B?gt., &'. 0. Jeremiah Meagher, enl. Jan. 21, 1861, 159th Bi-gt., Co. 0. Simeon Morris, enl. J.in. 25, 1864, 169th Rest., Co. G.
James E. Stoliker. enl. Nov. 17, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M. Benjamin Sctiber, enl. Nov. 19, 1801, 6th Cav., Co. M. James Sammons, enl. Nov. 1, 1862, 12 th Cav., Co. B. Quick Smith, enl. Oct 29 18S2, 12th Cav., Co. C. Noab H. Sherwood, enl. Nov. 8, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C. 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C. John Spahnburgb, enl. Nov.
:l,
Anthony Jl. Michael, enl. Feli. 16. 18B4, 150th Begt., Co. Warren U. Miller, enl. Jan 29, 1861, la9lh Rogt., Co. G. Abner A. New, enl. Nov. 5, 18C1, 6th Cav., Co. M.
0.
Robert Stickles,
enl.
Nov.
8,
1802, 12th Cav., Co. C.
Wm.
Wru.
Nichols, ani. Sept. 16, 186i, 169th Begt., Co. C.

T.
Nonhrop,
enl. Si-pt. 24, 1861, QIsi Begt., Co. E.
B. Navin, enl. Aug. 19, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. K. George Navin, enl. May, ISiJl, 14th Begt., Co. K. William Nordaby, enl. May, 1861, 14tli Regt., Co. K. Wilbur F. Oakley, q. m.-aergt.; enl. Oct. 28, 1S6I, 5th Cav., Co. Henry J. Ostrom, enl. Dec. 3, 1862, 12Ih Cav., Co. C.
Wm.
L.
Patrick P. O'Sulllvan, enl. Sept. Charles A. Oalrander, enl. Aug.
16, 1661, 9Ist Begt., Co. E.

6,
18G2, 128th Begt., Co. A.
Augustus M. Osborne, Corp.; enl. Aug. 13, 1862,128th Begt, Co. G. Robert Ponltney, Corp.; enl. Oct. 23, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. L. Samuel T. B. Pitcher, enl. Oct. 23, 1861, 5lh Cav., Co. L. Montillon Pultz, enl. Nov. 4, 1861, Otb Cav., Co. M. Levi C. Proper, enl. Nov. 4. 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M. James H. Proper, enl. Nov. 4, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M. Jmes Plant, enl. Oct. 26, 1861, 6Ih Cav., Co. M.
Francis Petro, eul. Nov.
3, 1802.
12th Cav., Co. C.

;
Wm. T.
Provost, Ist assist, soig
enl. Sept. 29, 1862, 159th Begt.
James T. Perkins, enl. Sept. 26, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. D. Nathan S. Poet, 1st lieut. enl. Oct. 7, 1862, 169th Regt., John Pauley, enl. Sept. 15, 1861, 91st Begt., &. . John Parcclls, enl. Oct. 6, 1861, 9l9l Begt., Co. I. Abram Peer, enl. Jan. 4, 1862, 93d Regt Co. B. Davjd Plumb, eul. Aug. 11, 1862, 12gth Begt., Co. A.
; ,
Co. E.
Jouas H. Plass,
enl.
Aug.
11, 1862,
128th Regt., Co. K.
Philip Payne, enl. May, 1861, 14th R'gt., Co. K. Franklin Perry, enl. Jan. 26, 1864, 1o9ni Begt., Co. G. Martin (Juigley, eul. Oct. 9, 1861, Olst Begt., Co. E. George P. Bice, enl. Oct. 24, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. L.
Bobert Rosboro, corp.
enl. Sept. 27, 1861, Olh Cav., Co. M. Domlnick Bicheiieu, bugler; eul. Nov. 11, 1861. 6lh Cav., Co. M. Brandon Richiirds, enl. Nov. 26, U61, 6lh Cav., Co. M.
;
Beujomin Srriver, ent N<iv. '26, 1862, 1 2th Cav, Co. C. Charles W. Sackett enl. Dec. 3, 1862, 12th Cav., O.. C. Freeman Skinner, sergt; enl. July 25, 1882, 128tb Regt., Co. A. Joseph Sterling, enl. Aug. 28, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. A. John E. Schuyler, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. A. Alexander Shaw, euL Aug. 5, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. A. Daniel H Simmons, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. A. Joseph Schill, enl. Ang. 15. 1862, 128lh Begt, Co. A. Burgess Speed, sergt; enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. K. Charles Seeley, enl. Aug. 21, 1862, I28th Regt, Co. K. William H. Seymour, capt. enl. May, 1861, 14th Begt, Co K. Edward Stevens, enl. May, 1801, 14tli Regt, Co. K. Thomas Sliaw. enl. May, 1861, 14th Kegt, Co. K. Clark B. Snydam, Corp. enl. Sept 1S62, 159th Rigt, Co. G. John W. Thompson, enl. Aug. 8, 1861,48th Regt Co. I. Samuel Ten Broeck, 1st lieut; enl. Oct. 15, 1801, 5tb Cav., Co. L. Miles Tiffany, euL Oct. 15, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M. Cyrus B. Tomlinsou, eul. Oct. 10, 1861, 6lh Cav, Co. M. George H. Tliomas, enl. Oct. 29, 1861, 6th Cav, Co. M. Francis Taylor, enl. Nov. 19, 1861, 0th Cav., Co. M. Edward Tynan, sergt.; enl. Sept. 6, 136-2, ISUtfa Begt, Co. A. John Tynan, euL Sept 17, 1862, 169th Regt, Co. A. Henry Thompson, enl. Oct. 20, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. A. Robert H. Traver, 2d lieut. enl. Oct 7, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. K. John Tiflany, enl. Sept. 18, 186 >, 159tli Begt, Co I. John Taylor, enl. Aug. 2, 1362, 1-28th Begt, Co. A. Bicliard H. Thurston, sergt. enl. Aug. 9, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. G. Matthew B. Tlce, wagoner; eul. Aug. 21, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. C. William H. Teal, enl. May, 1801, 14tli Ke.gt.. Co. K. Lester Tyler, enl. May, 1861. I4th Begt, Co. K. George M. Van Buren, capt; enl. Sept 13, 1861, 6th Cav, Cu. M. Wm. H. Van Huesen, corp.; eul. Sept. 24, 1861, 6lh Cav., Co. M. Martin Vail Valkenburgh, enl. Oct 24, 1801, 0th Cav, Co. M. Bobert Van Valkenburgh, enl. Nov. 20, 1802, 12th Cav, Cu. C.
;
Andrew
Bockefeller, enl. Sept. 19, 1861, 7th Cav., Co. L.
Charles Riley, enl. Oct. 23, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C. John Re.id, corp. enl. Sept. 13, 186i, 169th Regt., Co. A. Frederick Koraback, enl. Sept. 26, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. A.
;
Amos Boraback,
enl. Sept. 26, 1862, 16th Regt., Co.

159tli Regt., Co. C.
A.
Daniel Riley, enl. Sept. 20, 1862,
Thomas Van Hoesen, enl. Sept. 26, 1802, 159th Begt., Iô. I. David Van Benschoten, enl. Nov. 14, 1801. 9 Id Begt, Co. B. D. V. Van Vleck, 2J aast surg. enl. Aug. 20, 1802, 128th Begt Robert Van Valkenburgh, corp.; enl. Aug. 14, 1802, 128th Regt, Co. K. Wm. Van Back, enl. Aug. 13, 1802, 128th Regt, Co. K. Henry W. Van Benschoten, enl. In a CaliJornia regiment; served through
;
Uia
Charles Baugbt, enl. Oct. 30, 1862, 169th Begt., Co. C.
Edward Rote,
enl.
Oct
1,
1802, 169tb Regt., Co. E.
Obadiah RuckefelliT,
enl.
Sept
22, 1862,
159lh Begt., Co. E.
Ambrose Rifeuburgh, Corp.; enl. Aug. 20, 1862, 169Ih Begt, Co. G. Joseph 0. Reed, Corp.; eul. Oct. 4, 1802, 159th Begt., Co. I. John Bace, wagoner; enl. Oct. 18, 1862, 169th Begt., Co. I. Owen BUey, enl. Oct 9, 1861, 9Ut Regt, Cu. E. Patrick Baner, eul. Sept. 12, 1861, 91st Begt., Co. E.
ClHWfjrd Birenburgh,
enl.
Sept
10, 1861, 9 Ist Regt.,
Co. E.
Owen
Beilly, enl.
Oct
5, 1361,
9lHt
Begt, Co.
I.
James W. Race,
Reuben
1st lieut.; eul. Oct. 15, 1861,

enl. Dec. 6, 1861,
93d Regt., Co. B.
Bobert Bockereller,
93d Regt., Co. B.
Ueyuol.ls, Corp.; enl. Aug. li, 1802, 128th Begt, Co. A.

enl.
war and discharged. Henry Van Deuseu, enl. May, 1861, t4tli Regt., Co. K. George Winslow, enl. Sopt 17, 1361, 6th Cav, Co. M. Benjamin F. Wellington, enl. Sept 30, 1861, 0th Cav, Co. Richard Welch, enl. Oct. 1, 1301, 0th Cav, Co. M. Charles H. Wood, onl. Oct. 2, 1861, Oth Cav., Co. M. James Winans, enl. Oct. 17, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M. Wm. Wilkinson, enl. Oct 20, ISOl, 6th Cav, Co. M. Norman Wiuchell, enl. Nov. 4, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M. Jeremiah Wbitbeck, eul. Nov. 20, 1801, 6th Cav., Co. M. Thomas Welch, enl. Nov. 26, 1862, 12th Cav, Co. C. John Woods, enl. Nov. 24, 1802, 12th Cav, Co. C. Klnnor Wilbur, enl. Dec. 1, lsC2, 12th Cav., Co. 0.
William Wallace,
enl. Dec. 2, 1362, 12th Cav., Co. C.
91.
Aug. 14, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. A. Edward Boberts, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, 123th Begt., Co. K.
W. K. Bowloy,
JameaS. Reynolds, 2d
lieut.; enl.
Hay,
1861, Htli Begt., Co.
K;
re-enl. capt,
1804, 159th Begt., Co. G.
Mark D. Wilber, quartermaster; enl. Sept 18, 1362, 169th Regt Luban A. White, orderly sergt.; enl. Sept 6, 1802, 1J9th Begt, Co. A. Warren Winslow, enl. Sept 16, 1862, 159th R-gt., Co. A.
Charles
I. Winans, enl. Sept. 8, 1862, 169tb Begt, Co. A. Richard Walters, enl. Sept 17, 1802, 159th Regt, Co. A. Edward V. Wluans, enl. Sept 22, 1302, 1591h Bogt, Co. A.
Charles Boss, enl. May, 1861, 14th Begt., Co. E.
Norman S. Rowe, enl. May, 1861, 14th R-gt, Co. K. Henry Rogers, enl. May, 1801, 14th Begt., Co. K.
Granville M. Shaver, wagoner; enl. Sept
Wm.
6, 1862. 159th Regt, Co. A. H. Scott musician; enl. Sept. 10, 1862, 169tb Regt., Co. A; had before served in 91at Regt.
Thomas Ward,
enl. Sept. 22, 1862, I59tb Begt., Co. A.

; ,
George
C. Stevens, eul. Sept. 16, 1862, 169th sorgt.

;
Wm. Spanborg, Wm.
enl.
Sept
26,
Begt, Co. A. 1862, 169th Begt, Co.

Co.
I.
C.
Christian Schacnack, enl. Sept 27, 1862, 169th Regt., Co. C.
Sept 26, 1862, l.Wth Begt., Carlastin T. Smith, enl. Oct 10, 1862, lj9lh Regt Co. Peter Sherman, enl. Sept 10, 1801, Olst Regt., Co. E. Harris Schermerhoin, enl. Oct. 3, 1861, 9lsl Begt., Cu. Sylvester Salpaugh, eul. Oct 4, 1861, 9l8t Regt, Co. I. Wm. Shemian, eul. Oct 4, 1801, 91st Regt., Co. I.
H. Slyter, capt
;
enl.
resigned.
I.
enl. Oct 7, 1802, 169th Begt Co. C. Augustus W. Went, sergt; eul. Sept. 17, 1802, 159th Regt, Co. C. Frelin Wheeler, enl. Sept 0, 1802, 159tb Regt., Co. C. Henry A. Wilkiii.ion, enl. Sept 18, 1802, 159th R.gt, Co. C. Wru. Waltermire, capt.; enl. Oct. 15, 1802, 159tli Begt, Co. K. Wm. W. Wurtman, wagoner; enl. Oct 1, 18ii2, 16ath Regt, Co. G. Wm. J. Warner, enl. Sept 10, 1802, 169th Regt., Cu. G. Edward Waiille, capt.; enl. Oct 15, 1802, 159tli Begt, Cu. I. Richard Walsh, enl. Sept 8, 1801, Olst Regt, Cu. E. Peter Ward, enl Sept. 9, 1801. 91st Regt., Co. E. Juhn Wagoner, errl. Sept. 14, 1801, 9lst Begt, Co. E.
Cr.iwfurd Williairra, Ist liern.
Frederick Scott, enl. Dec.
0,
1801,91st Begt., Co.

5,
I.
Jeremiah Shermau,
enl.
Dec.
1801, 91t Begt.. Co. I.
John
Garry Wallace, onl. Oct. 23, 1801, 9lBt Regt., Co. I. V. Wbitbeck, 2d lieut: enl. July, 1802. 128tli Regt, Co. A.
James Smith, lieut. col. Anthony Schelliiig, enl. Aug. 8, 1801, 4Sth Begt, Co. I. Ambrose Sitzer, bugler; eul. Nov. 11, 1861. 0th Cav., Co. M. Wm. Sliter, eul. Sept 27, 1801, 0th Cav., Co. M. Joseph B. Starks, enl. Oct^S, 1801, Otb Cav., Co. M. Abram J. Stoliker, enl. Nov. 10, 1361, 0th Cav., Co. M.
Leonard C. Winslow, enl. July 31, 1802, 123th Rej:t., Co. A. Ueniy Wood, enl. Aug. 4, 1802, 128th Regt, Co. A. John H. Wagoner, Corp.; enl. Aug. 19, 1802, 1281h Regt, C. K.
George A. Wick.^ enl. Aug. 6, 1802, 128lh Regt, Co. K. Volkert Wbitbeck, orderly sergl. enl. Miiy, 1801, 14th Regt, Co. K. George W. Way, enl. May, 1301, 11th Regt, Co. K.
;
420
Joseph Voong.
enl.

Not. 7, 1802, 12th CT., Co. C. No. 12, 1862, 12th Ca., Co. C.
NEW
Oct
;
YORK.
EzTB
B. PulTer, enl. Sharpshooters. F. Palmer, enl.
Wm.
YoDDg,
enl.
Abram
Charles
1862, 159th Regt.; died of disease at
Baton Rouge,
La.,
March
22, 1863.
W. Peck,
surg.
enl. April, 1863, U. S.
Navy
died of disease on Inianl
ANCRAM.
Archelsns Brant, enl. Feb.
Charles M. Bell, sergt.
;
U. S. ship " Belief," at Pensacola, Fla.,
Sept
4, 186.3.
John
re-enl.
P.
Rossman,
enl.
Sept
8,186.1.
3, 18G5.
;
George W. Rossman,
enl. Sept. 8, 1863.
enl. Apiil 24, 1861, Htli Eegt.
Aug. 0,
1862, 128lh
Regt, Co. G; dirh.
John Burns, enl. Aug. 20, 1802, 128th Regt., Co. G John Brown, enl. Ang. 21, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G. James Bntis, enl. Aug. 20, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G
pro. sergt.
disth.
Sept 8, 1863. Reuben Rockefeller, enl. iLTtli Regt. John Rowley, enl. 61h Cav. Hiram Riphenburgh, enl. 150th Regt.
Elias Reynolds, enl.
disch. for disability.
Robert Rockefeller,
Nelson Roraback,
Daniel
J.
enl. April, 1861, 14th Regt.
Adam
Blass, enl. 128th Regt.

eol. 6lh Cav.
enl. April, 1801, 14th

S.
Regt served afterwards

;
in 12Sth Regt..
John Burke,
and in Itth U.
Rundel,
Colored Inf.
Jacob Beatlie, enl. 167th Regt.
enl.
Aug. 1802, 128lh Regt, Co. G.
Wm.
Burch, enl. 6lh Cav.

Corp.; enl. Sept. 2, 1861, 91sl Regt., Co.
Wm.
H;
pro. serg.; re-enl.
Smith, enl. Aug. 10, 1804, 14th Art, Co.

enl.
discharged.
;
John A. Belcher,
Jan.
1,
Lewis Sampler,
1864, 9lBt Regt., sergt.
Robert R. ButU, enl. Dec. 20, 18K), 159th Regt., Co. G.
Henry Brooks, Thomas Clark,

DaTid Casey,
enl. Jan. 13, 18G4, ISOtta Regt.

enl. 6lh Ct.
Aug. 16, 1864, 14lh Art., Co. Ancram. Oct. 1864. Isaac Smith, enl. Aug. 22, 1862, 128lh Regt Freeman Shastcr, eul. Sept 8, 1863.
In the service, at
died of disease contracted
enl. 6lh Cai.
James Snyder, enl. Sept. 8, 1803. John H. Shook, enl. Aug. 20, 1802, 128th
andria, Va., April
7, 1864.
Regt., Co.
died of disease
iit
Ale.t-
Thomas Cain, enl. 6tb Car. James Crawford, enl. 6th CaT.
Wm.
Crosby, enl. "Ironsides."

enl.
Henry Smith, euL 6th Cav. John Saltivan, enl. 0th Cav.
Rowland Card,
Sept
11, 18G1, 91st Regt., Co.
killed at CedarCreek, Va.,
Oct. 19, 1864.
John Carle, enl. Aug. 1864, 91st Regt. Talmage Decker, enl. Sept. 8, 1863. Aaron C. Dresser, enl. Not. 16, 1801, Slst Regt., Co. K. Jacob Decker, enl. May, 1861, 14th Itegt, Co. K re-enl. 18th Cht. Isaac DaTis, enl. Sept 1862. 91st Regt.; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864,01st Regt.
;
Martin Schutt,enl. Aug. 9, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G. Edward Smith, enl. April, 1861, 14th Regt., Co. K. Robert Shutts, enl. Sept 14, 1803, 9th Regt wounded
;
taken prisoner
cxch.
disabled by sickness
discharged.
OliTer Smith, enl. Jan. 13, 1804. 15Utli Regt.
Henry A. Shook,
enl.
March
15, 1802, 91t
Regt.; died of wounds at Baton
Richard
S.
Kggleston, enl. Sept 18, 1863.

enl. 6th Cav.
Patrick Fogarty, enl. Otb Cav.
Rouge, La., Aug. 13, 1862. David B. Tripp, enl. Sept. 8, 1803. De Witt Tripp, enl. Sept. 8, 1803.
Wra. Foster,
Gilbert George, enl. Aug. 16, 1864, 14th Art., Co.

;
M.
Henry Thompson, enl. Otb CaT. Thomas Toborie, enl. Gth CaT.
George E. Vosburgh, enl. Sept. 8, 1863. Myers Vosburgli, enl. Sept 8, 1863. Wm. H. Wilkinson, eul. Aug. 23, 1361, Ist Regt. John M. Williams, enl. Aug. 10, 1804. Chas. C. Wangh, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. G; 14th Art, Co. M; discharged. Wm. Waldron, enl. Aug. 18, 18G2, 128th Regt., Co. G.
Lewis n. George, enl. Aug. 23, 1801, 91st Regt re-enl. Aug. 10, 1804, I4th Art., Co. M. Stephen G. George, enl. April, 1801, 14tb Regt., Co. K. Charles Geoige, enl. Sept 1861, Ist CaT. retjnl. Aug. 18G4, 6th CaT. Edgar George, enl. Ang. 12, 1862, 128th Regt.; died of disease at Baton Rouge,
;
re-enl.
Ang.
10, 1804,
La..
Sept
16. 1863.
Jacob H. Groat, enl. Feb. 22, 18G5, 159th Regt., Co. G.
Benjamin Hill, eiil. Aug. 16, 1864, 14lh Art., Co. M. William Hnll, enl. Sept 8, 1863. John T. Hoysradt, enl. Sept 8, 1863. Tripp Hoag, enl. Jan. 30 1865. Willis Hoag, enl. .Tan. 31, 1805. Peter Hulett, enl. Aug. 18, 1862, 1281b Regt, Co. 6.
Peter Hinckle, enl. 6th CaT.
Henry Williams,
enl. Gth C.it.
Wm. Wheeler, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128lh Regt, Wm. Wood, enl. Sept. 1802, 159th Regt
Silas
;
Co. G.
pro. Corp.
Wilkinson, enl. Aug. 1864, 14th Art.; discharged. George Wood, enl. Oct 1802, 9l3t Regt died of disease at Simsport, La.,
22, 1804.
May
Jacob Ham, enl. Aug.
13, 1862,
'*
128th Regt, Co. G.
Frederick Humphrey, eul.
Ironsides."
John
L. Harris, enl. Sept. 9, 1861, 9l8t Regt., Co.
H;
re-enl. Olst
Regt, Co. H.
AUSTERLITZ.
Alonlo H. Almstead, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co. A died of disease at Fortress Monroe, Va. Josiah Almstead, eul. Sept 22, 1802, 12th Cav., Co. C; discharged. William Adams, enl. 37th Regt afterwards in 49th Mass. Ezekiel E. Bates, enl. Aug. 14, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co. E. Ismic Briggs, enl. Aug. 18, 1802, Ist Mounted Rifles, Co. I.
;
Robert N. Hoysrailt, enl. Sept. 6, 1804, 91st Regt; discharged. Uenry Ingalls, enl. Aug. 20, 18G2, 128th Regt., Co. 6.
Josi-pb Jones, enl. 0th CaT.
George Johnson,
enl. 6th Cav.
Frank Keefer,
George Kipp,
enl.
Aug.
10, 1804,
14tb Art., Co.
M.
enl.
Aug.
22, 1862, 128tli Regt., Co. G.
dward S. Killep, enl. 6th CaT. James C. Keefer, enl. Oct 1802, ISOlh Regt. James Kiuncy, enl. Gth Cut.
Theodore Kipp,
Silas Kipp, enl.
enl.
William H. Briggs, enl. April 13, 1803, 91st Regt Joseph Blunt, sergt. enl. Gth CaT.; pro. to 2d lieut.
;
John W. Blunt
Aug.
1864,
12, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co.
George Boyco,
1863.
enl.
Aug.
30, 1862, 6th CaT., Co. I
disch. for disalility,
May
10,
Aug.
enl.
17mh Regt
discbargcil.
Sept 8, 1861. Timothy Loomis, enl. Aug. 15, 1864, 14th Art;
Poi'ry H. Malens, enl. Sept. 8, 1803.
Lyman Loomis,
James Bevin,
La.
enl.
Sept
enl.
1802, 4th Cav., Co. C.
Richard T. Burch,
Aug.
9, 1862,
128th Regt, Co.
died near
New Orieans,
Charles Moon, enl. Sept
8,
1803.
diaries E. Bcckwith, blacksmith
enl. Sept. 8, 1802, 12th Cav.; discharged.
John McDonald, enl
Sept. 8, 1863.
12, 1862, 1 >8th Regt., Co. G.
;
Joseph W. Braiuard,
enl. Sept. 1802, 4lh Cav., Co.
C; discharged.
Wm.
Myers, enl. Ang.
Ensign Barnes,
;
enl.
Sept
1802, 4tb Cav., Co.
C; discharged.
0; unfit for serTice;
re-
Henry McCormick, enl. Aug. 13, 1802, 128th Regt., Co. G pro. fife-maj. died of wounds in hospital at New Orleans, La., Aug. 22, 18i>l. James McCam, enl. Aug. 15, 1BC2, 128th Regt., Co. G; pro. Corp.; killed in battle, Sept 10, 1804. John Manna, enl. 128lh Regt John Mulnay, enl. Gth CaT. Dwight Moore, enl. 186;i, 28th Connecticut Regt. discharged.
;
James Bean,
jected
;
Corp.; enl.
Oct
6,
1862, 12th Cav., Co.
dead.
Moses M.
Charles
Bice, 2d lieut; enl. Sept. 6, 1862, 12th Cav., Co.
discharged.
W. Barnes, enl. 37th Regt; re-enl. in 49th Mass. Henry Champion, enl. Oct. 1861, Olst Regt, Co. U discharged.
; ;
;
Churchill Moore, enl. 1801, 01st Regt.'; re-enl.
lt U. S.
Art
Arthur Miller,
enl. Sept.
6,
1804, 12oth Regt.
Job Coffin, farrier enl. Olh Cav., Co. M re-enl. Oct. 13, 1864 John E. Clark, enl. Jan. 5, 1804, lOtli Art., Co. D discharged. William Callender, eul. Aug. 30, 1802, Gth CaT. discharged. Cyrus Cole, enl. Aug. 18, 1862, 12Bth Regt., Co. E discharged.
; ;
;
di.'icliarged.
Joseph Near, enl. ISUth Regt. John Connor, eul. 6th Cav.
Charles O'Donncll, enl. 6tb Caf
Rial Campfleld, enl. Not. 21, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C.
Marvin
J.
Downing,
enl.
Aug;
20, 1802, 128tli

S.
Regt, Co.
discharged.
Oliver Dill, enl. Jan.
6, 1804,
6,
20lh U.
Colored Troops, Co. C.
John
O'Neil, enl. 0th Cav.

17, 1864, 14tli
Erastus Doty, enl. Nov.

Art
,
1861, Ist Berdan's Sharpshooters, Co.
prisoner for
;
Jacob Pulver, enl. Aug.
Co.
M.
five
months
at Andersonville,
and two months
at Florence, Ala.
dis-
James B. Peck, enl. Sept 8, 1803. John Purdy, enl. Gth CaT. Fmnc.s Pedro, eul. 4lh Art.
charged,
John D. Dean,
corp.
enl. Sept. 17, 1802, 12th Cav., Co. C; died iu rebel priou
at Salisbury, N. C.

Bobert DnxUnrg, enl. Oct. 23, 1862, 12th CaT., Co. C Gideon Dwehir, eol. 47tb Maea.
;
NEW YORK.
421
discharge
1.
Wm.T). Freemun,
enl. Sept. 16, 1862, 12tli Cav., Co.
C
;
discharged.
Philander Fadding, crp.; enl. Sept 19, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C; discharged. George Finney, enl. Sept. 7, 1862, 16Tth Regt., Co. C discharged. George Finney, corp; enl. Sept 10, 1862, lo9lh Begt., Co. A.
Caleb H. Wood, com. aergt. ; enl. Sept 4, 1862, 12th Cav, Co. C. Abel Wilcol, enl. Jan. 18,1802, 104th Regt., Co. H. Eari Wilcox, enl. Jan. 18, 1862, 104th Begt, Co. H. John H. Whiteraan, ci.rp.; enl. July 31, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. A; pro. sergt.;
discharged.
Wni. H. Flint, enl. Ang.

Patricli
6,
1862,
1,
IMth Begt
Co. A.
Garroty, enl. Oct
1861, 91at Begt., Co.
H
;
pro. Corp., sergt.
re-enl.
Jan. 13, 1864.
W. Whiteman, enl. Aug. 2, 1802, 128th Regt, Co. A discharged. John H. Wagoner, enl. Sept 1862, 12ath Begt; dUcharged. Albert Wheeler, eul. Sept 1802, 10th Begt.; discharged. George H. Whiteman, enl. Sept. 16, 1861, 44th Begt., Co. G.
George
;
John Garroty,
enl.
Aug.
1,
1864, 69th Eegt., Co.
pro. coip., sergt.
discharged
13, 18C4.
for wounds, March 26, 1865. Emstin II. Garrey, enl. May 17, 1861, Chauncey D. Carrey, eul. Oct 7, 1881
18tli
;
Eegt, Co. I; re-enl. Jan. re-enl. Nov. 27, 1863.
CANAAN.
Busaell S. Allis, enl. Aug. 13, 1802, 1st
Oct. 16, 1862.
Michael Garroty,
enl.
May
Sept
1,
1861, ISIh Regt., Co. I; pro. corp.
Mounted
Bitlcs, Co. I
died of disease,
Lncien Griswold,
enl.
2, 1864,
128th Begt, Co. E.
James T. Griswold, sergt; enl. Sept. 9, 1862, 12th Cai., Co. C. discharged. John Griswold, enl. Oct. 2, 1861, 44th Begt., Co. Henry Gott, enl. 16tlj Begt re-enl. in a Maasnchuaettd regiment Nelson Gott, enl. Aug. 1862, 128lh Regt, Co. E; died of dUeaae at New Or; ;
Cyrus W. Ames, enl. Sept. George Barnes, enl. Jan.

1865.
12, 1864, 9l8t Regt., Co.

4, 1863, 21st Cav., Co.
Jnno 10, 1805. A; wounded; disch. June

disch.
;
H;
9,
Samuel A. Batatow,
Jr.. enl. Sept. 8, 1864,

8,
20th Battery
disch. Ang. 1, 1865.

8,
leans, La.
Cyms
Griswold, enl. Ang. 14, 1862, 128th Begt., Cu.G; died of disease at Parapet, Feb. 14, 18Kt.
Camp
disch.
Wm.
Bolster, enl. Sept.
1864, 12th Battery: disch.

7,
June
;
1865.
Albert N. Bliun, eul. Oct
1862, 9th Sharpshooteia

;
discli.
Aug.
5,
1863.
Horace E. Hand,
enl.
March
3, 1862, lat
Berdan'a Sharpshoootere, Co.
fur dualiility,
June, 1863.
;
J.
Asa aoldrige, eul. Oct. 1861, 44th Kegt., Co. O discharged. M. Howes, enl. April 3ii, 1861, 14th Begt., Co. H died of olis, Md. Philip June4, enl. in a Connecticut regiment William Jonea, Corp. eul. Sept 21, 1862, 12th Cav Co, C. Cliarlea Jonea, enl. Jan. 5, 1864, 20th Bast (J. S. C. T., Co. C.
; ; ,
disease at
Annap-
Sept 18, 1861, 20th Battery diach. Aub. 1, 1805. Daniel Blinn, enl. Aug. 8, 1802, 128th Begt, Co. A disch. July 26, 1865. Beuben Bates, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, Ist Mounted Bifles, Co. I; discharged. Vincent Burrows, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. 91st Begt., Co. I; disch. Juno 10, 186.'). Charles W. Battershall, enl. Oct. 18, 1802, 9th Sharpshootem disch. Aug.
Lewis K. Brown,
enl.
;
5,
1862.
Norman
L. Barnes, enl. Oct. 8, 1862, 9th Sliarpehooters; discharged; re-enl.

;
Sept. 3, 1864, 91st Begt., Co. I
disch.
June
10, 1866.
Warren Blinn, lieut;
enl.
Oct
7, 1862,
9lh Sharpshooters; disch. Aug.

diach.
3, 1863.
Michael Kinney,
prison.
enl. Sept. 30, 1862, 12tU Cav., Co.
B; died at Anderaonville
Wm.
H. H. Burt.
enl. Sept. 16, 1803, 8th Sharpshooters.

I
;
Aug.
1864.
Patrick Killey, enl. Sept. 1862, lS9th Begt.
Abraham Harmar B. Bostwick,

;
J. Blinn, enl. Aug. 21, 1864, 9l8t Regt, Co.

;
June
5,
1805.
Foster A. Kenney, coip.; enl. Sept. 23, 1802, 12th Cav., Co. C. George Livingston, enl. Nov. 5, 1861, 1st Uerdan's S. S., Co. U
Clrarles Lacey, enl.
diach.
Horiitio
Aug. 10, 1802, 128th Begt., Co. E; di.ich. Murray, enl. Aug. 26, 1802, 128(h Begt., Co. A. David Moore, enl. Oct. 27, 1861, 91st Begt., Co. K disch. for
;
enl. lt Eng. diach. Jnue 18, 1863. Asa C. Crego, enl. Sept 18, 1864, 20th Art.; disch. Aug. 1, 1865. Bernard H. Carpenter, enl. Oct 7, 1862, 9th Sharp-hooters; disch. Aug. 5, 180:). Samuel Conistock, enl. Aug. 8, 1802,128tli Eegt., Co. A; prisoner at Salisbury;
died in prison.
disability, Sept.
Joseph L. Churchill,
enl.
Aug.
8, 1862,
128th Begt., Co.

:
disch. July 12, 1865.
6, 1863.
John Moore, enl. Oct 27, 1861, 9l8t Eegt, Co. H died of diseaae, July at Washington, D. C. James P. Mimplea, enl. Srpt 8, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C. George Mimples, enl. Sept 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C. Nelson Morrison, sergt.; enl. Oct 4, 1862, 12tb Cav., Co. C; disch. rt McFetrich, eul. June 5, 1801, 18ih Regt Co. K disch.
; , ;
4, 1863,
John Carroll, enl. Oct. 7, 1862, 9th Sharpshootera diach. Aug, 5, 1863. Eber Castle, enl. Oct 7, 1862, 9th .Sharp-bootei 8 disch. Ang. 15, 1863. Samuel Be Graff, enl. Ang. 8, 1802, 128th Begt,, Co. A; disch. for disability, June I, 1804. John Dragon, enl. Sept. 8, 1802, 20th Battery diach. Aug. 1, 1805. John J. Duaenbury, enl. Aug. 6, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. A; disch. for disability,
; ;
Aug.
14, 1863.
McFetrich, enl. April
18, 1861, 18th Regt., Co. I
re-enl. Jan. 13, 1804.
John
E.
De
Graff, enl.
Aug.
6,
1862, 128th Begt., Co.
died of disease at quar-
enl. Aug. 1802, 128lh Regt.; disch. Moore, enl. Aug. 1862, I28tli Regt., Co. E; disch. June, 1863. s C. Myers, enl. Nov. 4, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C; di=cb. .iilam Nichols, enl. Nov. 10, 1861, 1st Berdnn's S. S., Co. H.
los
Manning,
antine, Jan. 29, 1803.
Michael Eidleman, blackamith;

died of disease at
Wm.
disch.
D. Ellsworth, enl.
Sept 4, 1862, 1st Mounted Rifles, Co. I; Hampton, Aug. 1, 1364. July 10, 1801, oth Conn. Eegt, Co. G detailed in Sigenl.
;
Henry
C. Niles, pro. sergt.; enl.
Nov. 1861,
l.st
UerJan's
S. S.,
Co.
H;
Theodore S. Nash, enl. Nov. 1801, 1st Berdan's S. S., Co. H. S. H. Olmstead, enl. Sept 1862, 3d Cav., C<j. C. Ralph H. Olmstead, capt enl. Sept. 1802, 4th Cav., Co. C. William H. Oatrsnder, enl. Sept 1862,128th Begt; disch.
;
Daniel W. Ehlridge, enl. Sept.
nal CkDrps; died of disease at Beaufort. 8, 1804, 91t Begt., Co. I

;
disch.
June
10, 1865.
Sidney A. Ford, enl. Aug. 19, 1864, 9lat Regt., Co. I disch. June 29, 1865. George Finch, enl. Aug. 6, 1862, 128lh Regt, Co. A; disch. fur disability,
for disability, Jan.
March
16, 1863.
1863.
Lorenzo D, Ford,
enl.
enl.
Aug,
8, 1802,
128th Regt., Co.
hospital service
pro.
James M. Oakes,
Sept
6,
1802, 12tb Cav., Co. C.
to Corp.; disch,
July 12, 1805.

; ;
William H. Perkins, sergt; enl Sept 10, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C. Duvid Phelpe, enl. Nov. 1861, 1st Berdau's S. S. died of wounds at Torktown,
;
Va., April 5, 1862.
Edward Pulver, enl. Nov. 1861, 1st Berdan'sS. S., Co. H. John Pettlf, eul. Sept. 0, 1802, loth Begt.; disch. George Pulver, enl. Sept 1862, 107th Regt; dinch. Charles E. Bouncy, enl. Oct 4, 1802, 12th Cav., Co. C; disch. Henry C Root, eul. Oct 9, 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C; disch.
David Rooney,
enl.
Henry Field, enl. July 10, 1861, 5th Conn. Begt, Co. G disch. re-eul. Henry M. Gott, enl, Oct. fl, 1802, 9th Sharpshooters had before served in 3l8t Mass. Begt.; disch. Aug. 5, 1S05. Charles B. Hustcd, enl. Oct 4, 1862, Oth Sharpshooters; disch. Aug. 5, 1803; re-enl. Sept 17, 1804, 91it Regt; disch. June 10, I860. Eugene Hotchkisi, enl. Sept 8, 1804, 20th Bat disch. Aug. 1, 1865. Herrick, enl. Sept. 8, 186t,'20th Bat dich. Aug. 1, 1805. Jesse
Wm.
Aug.
4,
1802, 128th Begt., Co.
A
;
disch.
;
George W. Holdridge, enl. Oct. Hampton, July 5, 1303.

sergt.
18, 1802,
9th Sharpshooters; died of disease at
Himm
Stickles, enl. Jau. 15, 1804, lOtli Art., Co.
pro. Corp.
BIcliaid
Simmons.
8, 1862, 12tli
Francis E. Holdridge, enl. Oct. 18, 1802, 9th Sharpshooters ; disch. Aug. 5, 1801. Geoige W. Hine, enl. Sept 21, 1804, 142d Regt, Co. B; disch. June 22, 1805.
Patrick Higgins, enl. Aug. 19. 1804, 91st Begt, Co. I; dUch. June 10, 1805. John R. Harrison, enl. Aug. 8, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. A. Houry Ingleson, enl. Sept 8, 1SC4, 20lh Bat disch. Aug. 1, 1865. George S. Johnson, en!. Oct 4, 1802, 9th Sharpshooters; disch. Aug. 5, 180::; re-enl. Sept 8, 1804; disch. Aug. 1, 1803. Wm. Johnson, enl. Oct. 8, 1862, Oth Sharpshooters; disch. Aug. 5, 1S65. Wm. H. Johnson, enl. Oct 11, 1862,8th Sharpahoi.tera wounded June 1, 1804;
;
Ileniy J. Shelley, enl. Aug. 23, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E.
Frederick See, enl. Sept.
Cav., Co. C.
Metancthon Sanders, enl. Sept. 1802, 4th Cav., Co. C. John Shelley, enl. Sept. 1804, 128th Regt, Co. E; died of disease Jit Faiifax, Va.,Juue 11,1805. Alexander Snyder, corp. enl. Sept 20, 102, 12th Cav., Co. C disch. David Smith, enl. Sept 20, 1802, 4tli Cav., Co. C; disch. Nelson G. Scott, enl. Aug. 10, 1802, 128th Itegt, Co. E. Stephen L. Scott, eul. Aug. 1802, 12atb Regt, Co. E. Philo Smith, enl. Aug. 1802, 128th Begt, C.i. E. Geoige D. Tyler, q. m:-3Brgt., enl. Sept. 29, 1802, 12th Cav., Co. C. James Treniper, enl. Aug. 15, 1861, 4:id Begt., Co. C.
;
;
disch.
June
0, 1865.
Charles P. Kingsley, enl.
Aug.
4,
1802, 128th
Begt, Co. A
,
wounded
died at
home
1805.
of wounds, Nov. 30, 1864.

16, 1804,
Charles P. Kingsley (2d), enl. Sept
142d Begt
Co. B; disch.
June
28,
Harmon
Taylor, enl. Oct. 1802, 4th Cav., Co.
C;
;
discharged.
Frederick
W.
Kingsley, enl. Oct
7, 1862,
9lh Sharpshooters; disch. .\ug.
5,
E.lwin Taylor, enl. Oct. 1802, 4th Cav., Co. C.
not accepted or mustered.
1803.
John Tripp,
Aug. 1862, 128th Regt, Co. E. George Vincent, enl. Nov. 1801, 1st BerUan's Sharpshooters, Co. ease at Washington, D. C. Frank Van Buren, com. sergt. Walter U. Wentworth, asst. surg. enl. April 25, ISO:!, C. S. N.
ent.
. ;
John H. Lawrence,
died of dis-
Bat; disch. June 8, 1865. Wm. Loltus, enl. Aug. 7, 1804, 64th Begt, Co. H; disch. June, 1805. Cyrus U. Lord, enl. Oct 7, 1802, 9lh Sharpshooters; disch. Aug. 5, 1803.
enl. Sept. 8, 1804. 12th
Henry Lemon,
enl.
Ang.
15, 1802, 1st
Mounted
Eiftes, Co. I
died of disease at
Suffolk, Jan. 9, 1803.
422

George Bailey,
Elliot A.
NEW
Aug.
YORK.
lC9th Regt., Co.
Anthony Loftus, enl. Oct, 7, 1862, 9th Sharpuhooters; disch. by hitb'JiB corpus. John Loftus, eul. Oct. 7, 1862, 9th SharpahooterB diach. hy habeas corpui. Bicharil Lawrence, enl. June, 1861, 43d Regt., Co. A re-enlisted; prisoner at Anderaonville twelve months, exchanged, and disch. June, 1865.
; ;
enl.
13, 1862,
pro. to Corp.
killed at Chea-
ter Station,
May
19, 1804.
:
Brown, vet.surg.
enl. July, 1862,
7th Cav.; discharged.
John Lane, enl. Aug. 26, 1862, llth Massachusptta, Co. B diach. Sept. 10, 1863. Edward B. Mullen, enl. Aug. 19, 1864, 9l8t Begt., Co. I; dlsch. June 10, 1865. Patrick W. Mullen, enl. Nov. 7, 1861, 91at Begt., Co. I pro. to Corp.; re-enl.
;
1864

6,
Aaron K. Mullen, enl. Aug.

Orleans,
1862, I28th Regt., Co.
died of diseiiae at
New
June
22, 1864.
Thaddeus Mattoon,
laaiah
enl.
Aug.
6,
1862, I28th Regt., Co.
A;
;
dlsch. July 12, 1865.

pro. to Corp.; diach.
W.
Aug.
Merrila. enl. Oct. 4, 1862, 9th Shsrpataootcre

5, 1863.
John E. Miittoon, enl. .Ian. 4, 1863, 21at Cay., Co. L; diachargrd. John H. Mattoon, enl. Jan. 4', 1863, 21at Cav., Co. L; disch. June 23, 1865. Richard McGuin, enl. Oct. 31, 1862, 159th Rngt., Co. G; discharged. Jamea Mosheimer, enl. Aug. 4, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. A disch. July 26, 1865. Boujamin F. Mattoon, eul. Oct. 31, 18'12, 169th Begt., Co. G discharged. Jamea McCandley, enl. Oct. 8, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. A disch. July 12, 1865. Smith A. Sloaher, enl. Oct. 7, 1862, 9th Shiirpahootera.
; ;
Aaron N. Bennett, enl. 91st Regt. Elijah G. Broadway, eul. Aug. 13, 1803, 109th Regt., Co. A; pro. tocorp; prisoner at Anderaonville six months; disch. Aug. 13, 1803. Lot L. Barton, enl. Feb. 14, 186:1, 54th Mass Co. C disch. Aug. 20, 1805. Chas. Bell, enl. Aug. 18, 1862, 1st Mmiiited R fle-i, Co. I. Eli L. Bailey, enl. Aug. 26, 1862, 1st Mounted Rifles, Co. I. Isaac S. Urigg-, enl. Aug. 26, 1862, Ist Mounted Rifles, Co. I. Elliott A. Brown, enl. Aug. 11, 1802, 1st Mounted. Rifles, Co. I. James E. Bullis, enl. Aug. 28, 1802, 1st Mounted Biflea, Co. I. John W. Blunt, Co. M, 0th N. Y. Cavalry, enlisted Oct. 1861 promoted to captain, Co. K, same regiment; served through war; wiis engaged at An, ; ;
tietam, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Fiedericksburg, South Mountain, Fivo
Forks.
disch. Sept. 25, 1865. Stephen Conner, enl. Jan. 25, 1864, 15th Art., Co. Alexander S. Cheevor, enl. Oct. 5, 1861, 91st Begt., Co. B; diach. for disability, Aug. 22, 186;! re-enl. May, 1864 died at Fort McHenry.
;
; ;
Charles K. Carpenter, eol. Sept. 1801, 44th Regt., Co. I; died of wouuds at
Gettysburg, July 22, 1803.
Jr., enl. Aug. 14, 1862, 128th Begt,, Co. E; wounded diach. for re-enl. Aug. 9, 1864,91st Begt Co. E discharged. George N. Coffin, enl. Aug. 1662, 128th Begt., Co. E killed at Cedar Creek. Frank I. Childa, sergt.; enl. Aug. 16, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E diach. for dis-
Cliarlea B. Mattoon, enl.
July
10, 1-61,
5th Conn., Co.
re-enlisted; diach.
July
19, 1865.
Henry Chcever,
Henry
Jamea
H. Parke, enl. Oct. 18, 1862, 9th Sharpshooters
Sylvester Pettit, enl. Oct. 18,
Aug. .% 1863. 1862, 9th Sharpshooters; disch. Aug. 5, 1863.

;
disch.
dlBabllity, Sept. 28, 1801
Richard-*, enl. July 10, 1861, 5th Conn.; pro. to Corp.
died of disease at
Winchester, Va., March
17, 1862. 13, 1862, 1st 29, 1864.
ability, Jan. 30, 1863.
Francis A. Busaell, enl. Aug. disch. for di.-ahilify, Jan,
Mounted
Bifles, Co.
C;
disabled;
Wm.
R. Chlld-i, enl. Sept. 1862, 7th Cav., Co. L; dlsch. for disability; re-eul.
for disability,
Alonzo B. Reynolds,
Stephen
S.
enl.
Aug.
6,
1864, 91st Regt., Co.
H;
disch.
June
10, 1865.
Aug. 18, 1864, 6th Cav., Co. M; disch. Nov. 1804. Jonathan Childs, eul. Oct. 6, 1862, 8th Sharpshooters disch.
;
Feb.
Reed,
drummer;
enl. Oct. 7, 1862, 9th
Sharpshoolera; disch. Aug.
23, 1804.
5, 186).
Joseph Childs, enl Sept. 28, 1802, 7th Cav., Co. I

Austin
I.
John
B. Bicker, enl. Sept. 19, 1864, 150th Begt.
Clark, enl. Oct.
1,
1802,
June 8. 1805. 8th Sharpshooters; wounded; disch. Feb.

;
disch.
6,
Wm.
N. Sherman, enl. Sept. 12, 1864, 142d Begt., Co. B; disch. June 28, 1865.
19, 18C2,
1865.
Charles Snyder, enl. Sept.

21, 1865.
159th Regt., Co. B; diach. for disability, Jnly
Robert
Crisacy, enl.
Aug.
11, 1802, 123th Begt., Co.
diach. July 12, 1S05.
Charles B. Canfield, enl.

7, 1862, lat
Oct
1862,
8tli
Sharpahootera
disch. for disability,
Wm.
U. Stranahan, enl. Sept.

ability.
Allen C. Smith, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, Ist Patrick Sullivan, enl. Aug.
5, 1862,
Mounted Mounted
Biflea, Co. I Bifles, Co. I
diacliargcd. disch. fur dis-
July, 1863.
Emeiaon Clark,
enl. Jan. 12, 1864, 10th Art., Co.
B;
diach.
Aug.
22, 1865.
128th Bogt, Co.
disch.
;
July
12, 1865.
Henry C. Smith,
eni.
Aug.
8,
15, 1862, 1st
Mounted
;
Rifles, Co. I
1,
Daniel Crane, enl. March 28, 1805, 153d Begt., Co. D ; diach. July 18, 1805. Patrick Cullen, enl. Aug. 17, 1801, 9l8t Begt., Co. E ; diach. July 3, 1865. Wm. Crawford, enl. Aug. 22, 1802, 128th Begt , Co. E ; died of disease at New
Orlesna, Sept. of wounds,
5,
Wm.
Shultz, enl. Sept.
1864, 20th Bat.

1,
diach. Aug.
;
1865.
1803.
Adam
Shaver, enl. Sept.
1864, 91st Regt., Co. I
diach.
Charles Wheeler, enl. Aug.
19, 1864, 91st Begt., Co. I; 29, 1863, 21t Cav., Co.
8,
June 10, 1865. disch. June 10, 1805.

diach. April
6,
Peter Collins, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. G; wounded; pro. Corp.; died
June
;
17, 1803, at
New
Oi leans.
Orlando Warriner, enl. Dec. Frederick Wood, enl. Sept.

office.
1865.
Edward
F. Cornelius, enl. April

14,
19,1801,3d Begt., Co. C; diacharged; re-enl.

13, 1865.
1864. 20th Art.
detailed at provost'niarahal'a
May
1863
diach.
May
New York
city; diach.
Aug.
1,
1805.
;
Emmons
Walker,
enl. Sept. 8, 1864, 20th Bat.

8,
disch.
Evert Wetzel, enl. Sept.
1864, 20th Bat.
diach.
Aug. 1, 1865. Aug. 1, 1865.

I
;
Jacob Cleveland, David C. Colli[i.s.
enl. Jau. 19, 1804, lOtli Art., Co.

enl.
B; disch. Aug.
21, 1865.
March
13, 1805, 128th Regt., Co.

;
disch.
Abram
;
Cofflu, eul. U. S.
Colored TrooiM
died in hospital at
Now
Aug. 13, 1805, Haven.
John Wagner,
charged.
enl.
pt. 7, 1862, lat
Mounted
Uifles, Co.
pro. to sergt.
dis-
Nov. 23, 1861, 93d Begt., Co. F. James E. Clark, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. E.
Jacob Cline,
enl.
Justus A. Wilcox, eul. Aug.
8,
1862, 38th
Regt.; trana. to 128lh Regt., Co. C;
Andrew M.
Clai k, eul.
Aug.
12, 1662, 128th Begt., Co.
disch. in 1803.
pro. to heut. U. S. Colored Troops; discharged.
Wm. A
;
A. Doty, enl. Aug. 12, 1802, 128th Begt., Co. E; dlsch. for disabiliiy.
25, 1863.
May
Martin V. Wikox,
enl.
Aug.
8,
1862, 128tU Regt., Co.
died of diaeaae at
quarantiue, Jan. 18, 1863.
Piatt DeGraff, enl. Sept. 1862, 159th Begt., Co.
supposed
to
have died near
Alonzo Williama,
enl.
Aug.
8,
1862, 128th Regt,, Co.

;
John Wilcoi,
1865.
eul. April 13, 1605, 192d Regt,
diach.
May
wounded; diacharged. died June 2, 4, 1865

;
New
Orleai.s.
Stephen H. Davia,
enl.
Aug.
8,
1802, 7th Cav., Co. I; died of fever at Suffolk,
April 12, 18&1.
CHATHAM.
Wm.
H. Ashley, orderly sergL
dischîrged.
J. .Ashley, Ist liout.
;
eul. Sept. 22, 1861,
2d Pro. Cav.
pro. to 2d lieut.
Simeon O. Davis, enl. Aug. 8, 1862, 7th Cav., Co. I disch. June 12, 1805. John E. Doty, enl. Sept. 1, 1862, l-28lh Begt., Co. E; d sch. July 12, 1803. Edward Denipaey, enl. Dec. 8, 1801, 91st Regt., Co. I di.sch. for diB;ibility, April 7, 1862; re-enl. Aug. 13, 1862, "th Cav., Co. I; disch. Sept. 1805.
; ;
Orlando C. Davis,
;
enl. Sept. 10, 1862, 7th Cav., Co. I; discharged.
Abraham
enl.
July
21, 1862, 128th Regt.
pro. to adj.
disch.
Charles
W.
Doty, enl. Oct. 11,1802, 8th Sharpshooters; diach. Aug. 31, 1805;
pro. to lieut.
for dis.ibility,
March,
1863.
;
Charles F. Ashley, enl. Sept. 16, 1862, 7th Cav., Co. I Jamea F. Ashley, enl. Tlh Cav., Co. I. Charles H. Ashley, eul. Aug.
April
6,
8,
disch. June, 1865.
had served in 9Jd Regt., Co. E,Oct. 1801. Major A. Downing, enl. July 16, 1861, 7.h Cav., Co. L;
disch.
aud capt.;
May
14, 1864.
1864, 6l8l Begt., Co.
E; killed near Bichmond,

re-c-nl. Sept. 12,
1805.
David
C.
Aahley, sergt.; enl. Sept. 22, 1801,7th Cav.; diach;
1861,
2d Vet. Cav., Co.
killed at
Red
Biver, April 4, 1804.
John E. Davia. Thomaa Dobbs, enl. Sept. 10, 1804, 9l8t Regt., Co. E; John Dickerson, U. S. C. T. Calvin Uorman, enl. Sept. 12, 1801, 91st Regt., Co. I.
Ephraiiu Eai
I,
disch.
June
19, 1805.
James
G. Allen, enl. Feb. 4, 1804, 77tL Bjgt,, Co.
A; wounded
C
twice; lost a
disch
enl.
Aug.
4,
1862, 128th Begt.
dlsch. for disability, April, 1864.
leg; disch. Sept.

I'harirs H. Allen,
27, 1865.
9,
1864.
enl. Jan, 19, 1804, 77th Begt,, Co.
;
John June
Egler, enl. Aug. 18, 1864, 61st Regt., Co
E; prisoner two months;
diach.
drummer;
July
16, 1865.
James H. Andeiaon,
Joy
II.
enl. Aug. 8, 1862, Ist Mounted Rifles, Co. H, Anderson, eul. Aug. 8, 1862, 1st Mounted Rifles, Co. I.
Joaeph Emery, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, 1st Mounted Bifles, Co. I. Milton H. Ford, eul. Aug. 29, 1861, 41th Begt., Co. K disch. for
;
disability, Sept.
3, 1862.
Russell S. Allis, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 1st
Richard Austin, enl. Aug. 12,1862, Lewis N. Bowdi7e, chaplain enl. Jan.
;
Mounted Rifles, 1st Mounted UiUes,

31, 186J, 5th
Co. I. Co.
;
James
I.
Aug. 16, 1862, 128th Begt., Co E; disch. July 12, 1863. Martin V. Filkins, enl. Aug. 10, 1802, 128th Begt., Co. E disch. for disability,
P. Filkina, enl.
;
Cav
Sept.
3,
1863.
Henry Bidegar,
enl. Dec. 17, 1861, 30th Begt., Co.

2,
diach.
June
18,
1803;
Charles
W.
Fields, enl. Oct. 8, 1802, 8th Sharpshooters; diach. for disability.
Joined 21st Cav.. Co. A, Jau.
1804
disthargeil.
Stephen W. Baker,
eul. Oct. 14, 1862,

14, 1862,
8lh Sharpshooters; disch. July 10, 1805.

8th Sharpshooters;
Calvin J. Baker, enl. Oct.

wounded;
pro. Corp.;
Fob. 27,1863. Cornelius Filkins, enl. Aug. 28, 1802, 7th Cav., Co. I ; disch. June 12, 1805. George W. Flint, ord. sergt. eul. Aug. 12, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. K ; traiia. to
;
New
OCth Regt., Co.
Orieana Vols
enl.
Feb. 1865; discharged.
Jamea
E. Bullis, enl.
May
15, 1864,
before served in 7th Cav.
from Aug.30,1862;
burg, .luno 17, 1804.
pro. toaergt., 2d lieut., lat lieut.; killed before Peters-
Aug. 9, 1801, 471 li Begt., Co. II; disch. Feb. 29, 1804. Sylvester Fiiguaon, enl. July, 1864, Naval Service; ships " Minnesota" and " Chippewa."
Jamea Frein,
; ;
;;

Edward
Fitzgeralil.enl. Oct. 3, 18C2, 159th Kegt., Co, G.
NEW
YORK.
423
Pptcr Fosteveiil. Aug. II, 1802, 128th Ilegt., Co. E; ilisch. July 12,1805. William Fitzgerald, eul. Ort. :i, 1862 I59lh Kept., (>). G. Crawf.ird Gr swold, spri;t enl, Aug. l.t, 1862, 7tli Cay., Co. I difclmrged.
;
Dint Mitchell, enl. Jan. 1863, 16lh Art., Co. B; discb. June 18, 1865. Joseph Murrill, eul. Dec. 1863, lOlli Art., Co. K diach. Aug. 31, 1805.
;
Edwin D. Mosher,
Jacob Miller,
enl. Jan. 12, 1804, 21st Cav., Co.
died of
wounds near Har-
per's Ferry, April 12, 1804.

enl. U. S. C. T.
;
Stcrlien N. Griswold, enl. fth Sharpliootcrs.

trans, to Co. K, Jan. 21, Goshia, enl. Sept. 30, 1862, 159th negt., Co. G 1805; priauner at Sali.-bury, N. C, and died in reliel banda. JohnGarony, enl. Sept. 186-2, 81 h Sharpshooters; disrh. for diEubility, Jan. 1864. John Gall.igher, color bearer; enl. Sept. 23, 1S02, 169lb Begt., Co. G killed at
disch. 18R5.
Andrew
Port Hudson,
Piilrick
May
27, 186.3.
1,
H. Garrity, enl. Oct.

sergt. maj.
20, 1865.
1801, 91st Regt., Co.
H.
John Martin, ml. Oct. 7, 1802, 159th Kegt., Co. D. George Martin, enl. Sept 7, 1862, 159tli Regt., Co. G. Frank McEnnenney, enl. Oct. 28, lf62, 159th Ri-gt., Co. G. Leverett 0. Mansfield, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E; disch. ISr,;!. George W. Mooney, enl. Aug. 11, 186-2, 128th Regt., Co. E. JohnD. Manning, enl. Aug. 14, 1802, 128tb Regt., Co. E discli. Aug. 11,
;
1805.
Ijilan Uarrison, enl. Sept. 16, 1861,
Mtb
Ilegt.,
;
Cu.
difch. Oct. 11, 1865.
Allen Mosher,
enl.
Aug.
11, 18' 2,
128lh Regt., Co. E; disch. 1865.
John Holmes,
dig.
eol. Sept. 1861
Inv. Cor^s; viH9 from 44th Kegt.

pro. to ord. sergt., 2d
Wm.
H. Mesick.
enl. July, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co.
July
George M. Noyes,
9,
E; died of
ilisease at B.iton
John
L. Holt, enl.
Ang.
;
1862, ]2Fth
Kegt., Co.
E;
Kougi-,
March
15, 1864
had served
in 9 Id Regt., Co. F, from

;
Nov. 1801.
disch.; re-
lieut., Ist lieut.
resigned Dec.
14. 1802,
5, 1864.
;
Wm.
trans, to 161h
T. Northrop, enl.
enl. in regular
June, 1861, 2d Art., Co. H; twice wounded

;
Wm.
H. Hunt. enl. Aug.
126lh Regt., Co. E; wounded
Div.; disih. June3. 1805.
Henry B.
Horace
George
C.
Hull.urt, enl. Aug.
0,
1801, 128tb Regt., Co.
died of consumption
army disch. for disjibillly, lid. Newell H. Oldes, enl. Oct 8, 1602. 159th Regt., Co. C. George S. Cakes, enl. Oct 0, 1802, 12th Ciiv., Co. C.
1874.
in Louisiana, Jan. 27, 1863.
Hum,
enl.
Ang.
12, 1862,
128th Regt., Co. E; pro. to Corp., sergt.;
David S. Orr, eul. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Ilegt., Co. E. William 11. Oatrander, Aug. 14, 1802, l-28th Regt., Co. E; diach. 1802. Enos Palmer, enl. Sept. 13,1801, 91st Regt, Co. I disch.; re-cni. disch.
; ;
180.i.
B. Hildreth, enl. Oct. 7, 1602, 8th Sharpshooters; disrh
July
17, 1865.
Albert Phillips, enl. Aug.
-25,
1802, 1st
9, 1802,
Mounted
Rifle.s,
Co.
I.
George H. Hildreth, eul. Oct. 1,1802, 8lh Sharpshooters; prisiuierat Belle Isle and Salisbury six nionlhs re-enl. Feb. 28,1805; discb. June 12, 1865. George E. Hayden, enl. Oct. 1862, 8th Sharpshooters. Lambert J. Hubbell, enl. Aug, 1802, 128Ih Regt., Co. E; left regiment at Bal;
Stewart H. Roberts,
eul.
Aug.
128th Regt., Co. E; disch. for disability,

Co.
and died at home, Feb. 23, 1805. August Riegar, eul. Aug. 8, 1802, 128lh Regt,
1803.
E; died of
died on his
;
fever,
Aug.
22,
timore.
Aaron Huyck,
enl. Oct. 1862, 8th Sharpshooters.
John Riley, enl. 107(h Regt. Smith F. Reynolds, enl. July,

23, 1855.
discb. for disability
way home.
;
1802, 128th
Regt, Co. E
pro. sergt.
disch.
Sept
Clark Harrison, enl. Aug. 1802, 125lh Regt., Co. E; lost a leg; pro. to 2d
lieut.; resigned.
Edward
;
;
G. Robinson, capt; enl. Sept.
.1,
1802, 8th Sharpshooters;
wounded;
Lorenzo A. Hopkins, enl. May 28, 1801. 9lh Rfgt., Co. E discharged Sept. 1, 1804, 8lh Art., Co. D disrh. June 5, 180S. George W. Houghtoling, ml. Aug. 23, 1603, Niny disrh. Ang. 1864. William D. Hnytree, enl, Ang. 8, 1802, 1st Mounted Rifles, Co. M. Joseph S. Hogeloom, enl. Ang. 13, 102, 1281b Regt., Co. E; dicU
;
;
re-enl.
disch. June I, 18G4,and died soon after. Benjamin V. R,.gere, enl. July, 1802, 128th Regt., George W. Reed, enl. Sept 15, 1864, 21st Cav., Co.
Cliarles E. Reynolds, enl. Sept.
21),
Co.
disch.
I; discb.
Juno
1,
1805.
1864,18th Cav., Co.
K; supposed
I.
died at
in 1804
New
Fenner
Orleans, Ocl
2:1,
1804.
while
in service.
5, 1803,
Cliarles Reed, enl. Aug. 13, 1802, 1st
Mounted
Rifles, Co.
Charles Jackson, eul. March

disch. Apiil 20, 1805.
54lh Mass. Regt., Co. C; pro. to Corp.;
Gilbert Johnson, enl. July
8,
1862, 1st
Mounted
Rifles, Co.
H.
18, 1803;
F. Sutherland, eul. Oct 1802, 8lh Itogt Sharpshooters; prisoner at Libby, Belle Isle, and finally died at Salisbury, Jan. 25, 1865. Chaiiocey D. Sniilb, eul. Oct. 1802, 8th Regt. Sharpshooters; girisoner seven
Thomas H. KaylKK),
Will.
enl.
Oct
1801, 93d Regt., Co.
F; disch. March
months
1805.
at Libby, Belle Isle,
and
Salisbui-y-;
exchanged;
disch.
June
14,
joined Invalid Corps.

Knylioo,
q.
m.-sergt; enl. Feb. 14, 1802, 6tb Mass. Ca.;

;
wounded twice
prisoner; disch.; re-enl. Aug. 1865
must. out.
Edward Shannon James M. bhearii

Sebastian Sliullz
1804.
ergt.
enl.
Sept
Regt.
23, 1862, 159tll
Regt, Co. G.
19,
enl. l'28th
nl.
Wm.
King,
disrh.
enl.
Aug.
18, 1862,
1281h Regt., Co.
difch. July 12, 1805.

0, 1864, 9lst
Aug.
8,
1802, 128th
Regt, Co. E; taken prisoner, Oct

Co.
John Kelly,
enl. Dec. 1861,
93d Regt., Co. F; Aug.
Regt., Co.
June
18, 1805.
John G.
Scott, enl.
Oct
0,
1801,
9Ut Regt,
disch. Jan. 20, 1804
Thomna Kelly, enl. April 20, 1665, 91st Regt, Co. H; diach. July 3, 1605. John Kelly, enl. Oct. '2, 1601, 03d Regt., Co. F; re-eul. Juuo 10, 1804; pris.,and exchanged ilistliarged July 18, 18M. Patrick Kelly, eul. Aug. 20, 1SC4, Navy, U. S. Ship " Newbern ;" disch. Juno 9,
;
George Sutberlaiid, enl. Aug.

1804; disch.
30, 1802, 7th
Cav., Co. I;
disch.; re-enl.
Sept
Wm.
II.
Shaver, eul. Oct

enl.
1,
1862, Stb Sharpshooters; discli. July

28, 1862,
I.-.tli
1,
1803.
1805.
Thomas W. Stewart,
Aug.
-28, 180:i.
Aug.
Eng., Co. I; disch. for disability,
Jiicob Klin.
Joseph H.
valiii
Lo.-ter,
drummer;
; ;
enl. Sept.
Il,lS61,441h Regt., Co. G; trans, to In-
Mark
B. Stewart, enl.
Aug.
28,
1862,15th Eng., Co. E; pro. 1st lieut; disch.
Corps
pro. to iuljutant-genemra ilfice; discli.

eul. Sept. 0, 1863, 90th Regt., Oi.
June
;
l:i, 180.1.
Henry
C. L.iy, 1st licnt.
A haU
;
before served
Wm.
H. Stiuver, enl. Sejit 10, 1802. 15lh

5, 1802.
Eng
Co. I
discli.
July 1(1,1305.
in l-28lh Regt., Co. A,
fiom Aug.
9,
1862
resigned July 23, 18M.
Alfred Stiuver, enl. Ang.
7th Cav., Co.
H;
disch.
Edward Lee,
18U5.
enl. Aug.
9, 18f2.
12Mb
Rigt., Co.
pro. Corp.
discb. July 12,
Ira Sutherland, enl. Jan. 1864, 7th Cav., Co. I; discharged.
Wm.
eul. Sept. 15, 1802, 159th
2, 1861.
Si-pt. 1803.
H. Sutherland, enl. Jan. 1864, 7th Cav.,

rillas.
l>).
I; killed,
Oct 2,
1804,
by guer-
Owen Ludlow,
Regt., Co E; died of disease at
New
Orleans, Sept.
Erasmus D.SIater,
8Ih SlLirjishootcrs; trans.
1,
;
enl.
May,
1861, 18th
'2,
EliusB. Lalham, 2d lieut.; enl. Oct. 1,1802, 8lh Sharpshooters; discb. Levi M. Leruy, onl. Oct.
1. ISO".',
Elbert 0. Steves, eul. Aug.

;
Regt, C,i. I; disch. May. 1S04. prisoner escaped 1801, lOotli Kegt, Co. U
;
;
Jiicli.
Martin V. Lampman,
pria.; disrh.
enl. Oct.
1801, Olat Regt., Co.
D;
pro. Corp.; re-eul.;
Wm.
wounded discli. Juuo 2, 1805. M. Son, onl. Dec. 19, 1863, 5th Regt, Co. B;
1803.
discli.
for dsal.ility.
Sept
7,
June
IS, 186.5.
17, 1861,
Christopher Lathrop, enl. Dec.

disch.
301h Regt., Co.

Regt.;
ti-aiia.
K; wounded;
pris.
Hii-.im Smith, enl.
Sept
16, 1861, 9Ist
Regt, Co. E.
K.-pt, Co.
i;.
June
18, 186:!; re-enl 14th
to 551h Regt.; died of
G.-oige Srhlatlor, enl. Sept. 13, 1801, 91st Kegt,, Co. E,
d:seaae at Wasbington,
Aug. 1H04.
James N.
Sliurin, enl, Sept. 9, 1862,

8,
l.-.9lli
Lewis N. Legro,
20, 1803.
enl.
May
24, 1861, 2Sth Regt., Co.
disch. for
wounds, Jan.
Albert Strecor, enl. Aug.
1S02, 1st
Muunled
Rifles, Co. II.
John
Navy, ship" Keystone
Stiite;" pro.
G. Scott, eul. Oct. 1.% 1802, 12tli Cav,, Co, C,
Augustus
ter's
l.ippitt, eul. Oct. 31. 1801,
mas-
mate
resigned Oct.
11, 1803.
Henry Leman,enl. Aug.
18, 1802, Ist
Charl.s Labartlie, enl. Ang. 13, 1802,
Mounted Rifles, Co. I. 1st Mounted Rifles, Co.
I.
William Starrs, enl, Aug, 21, 1802, 128th Regt, Co, E. William Sharp, enl, Ang. 23, 186-2, 128lli Regt., Co. E. Wm. Tanner, enl. Jan. '2, 1804, 21st Cav., Co. A disch. Charles A. Thompson, enl. Aug. 10, 180-2, l-28th Kegt, Co. E; disch. July
;
12,
William LafTeity, enl. Aug. 10, 1802, 12Slh Regt., Co E; disch. Ang. 12, 1805. Joseph C. Moaher, enl. Aug. 9, 1802, l->8tli Regt., Co. A pris. four nionlbs at
;
1805.
John
Turtier, enl.
2-2,
Oct
1,
1802, 8th Sharpshooters; discb. for disability, April
Salisbury; paroled
disch.
June
'27,
1805.
1803,
John Mosher, enl. Aug. 8, 1862, 128th John Miller, enl. Aug. 8, 1802, l-28th
180.1.
Regt., Co.
died at home, Aug. 20, 18r^.

1,
George
II,
Regt., Co. E; disch. for disability, Jan.
disch, for
Thomas, enl. Aug. 26, 1802, 7lh wounds; May 4, 1805,

enl. 91st
Civ., Co, I
wounded Dec,
1,
5,
1802
Timothy
sergt.
;
T:ift, enl, Sept. 2, 1802, 7lli Cav.,
Co.
M;
re-enl. Sept.
1804; disrh.
Henry
L.
for
McArthnr, color wounds.
enl.
Ang.
12, 1802,
128Ih Rr^t., Co. E; disch.
George l.eatberly.
Kegt;
I,
ili.-d
-2.1
at Pensacola.
Henry
Stii
T'-u liioeclt, enl.Sel>t
1801,
Cav., Co. C; distil.
Aug.
22, 180.5.
Nathaniel Mosher, enl. Oct. 1862,

in 186:1.
Regt. Sharpshooters; killed at
>
Ru
Barton W. Taylor, enl. Nov. 4. 1801, 9lBt Regt, Co. H. Wesley Tanner, enl. Oct. 0, 1.S02, l.=i9tli Kegt, Co. O.
John Murphy,
lieut;
enl. Oct. 12, 1802, l.VJih

18, lSO-2,
Regt, Co. G; killed

;
Fort Burland.
[rg.,
George Morrell,eul. Aug.
liSlh Kegt, Co. G

7, ISOo.
pr.
2d lieut, 1st
George T.muer, eul. Aug. 12, 1802, Richard 11 V;in Alslyne, ei.l. Sept
lOnih Regt.;
Isl
12Slli Regt., Co. E.

'24,
1801,
4-llli
Regt
pro. 2d lieut. in
C...
F,
woundol;
discli.
July
lieut;
wounded;
di-cll. for disability,
Dec,
14, ISOl,
424
Peter

Van
Alutyne.enl. Sept. IS. 1861,
enl. Dec. 17,
NEW
enl.
YORK.
1861, 14th Regt.. Co.
lh
Regt., Co.
O; pro
"ergt.; killed at
Richard Dickey,
May,
K.
Gaines' Mills, June 27, 18C2.
Sebastian Epner, enl. Sept. 23, 1862, 159tli Begt., Co. E.
Lewis Vnn AJstyne.

Mîy 24, 1862.
1861,30th Bagt, Co.
K;
disch. for dlsîbility,
Philip H. Fries, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G.
Daniel
S.
Van Vleeck,
l:l.
enl. Oct. 1, 1861, 44tli Begt., Co.
G; died
;
in
New
York,
William H. Flnkle, enl. Oct. 2, 1862, l.Wth Begt., Co. Jacob Fingar. enl. Oct. 19, 1862, I07lh Begt.
Peter B. Fiugar, enl. Oct. 15, 1862,
l7tli
C.
May
1862.
Regt.
Ransom Van AUtyne, enl. Jan. 25, 1864, 15tli Art, Co. M dl^ch. Sept. 5, 1865. Cliarles H. Van Alstyiie, enl. Sept. 1802, 159th Regt., Co. G disch. John W.Van ViilkenUergh, Ist lient. enl. 12Sth Regt., Co. E; resigned In 1863. Uenry H. Van AUtyne, eul. Dec. 12, 1863, ICth Art., Co. II; died of diaeaae, at
; ;
John Ferguson,
enl, Oct. 1862, 120th Begt.
Isaac Fulton, enl. Jan. 26, 1804, 4th Art.
Thomas H.
Ferrie, enl. Jan. 29, 1804, lat Art.

30, 1804, 1st Art.
lIaml>ton.
Eoger Fenton, enl. Jan. John Ferry, enl. Feb. 3,

Peter Flnkle, enl. Feb. Peter Fix, enl. Sept.
1864, 77th Begt.
Van Unron, enl. Sept. 19, 1864, 6tli U. S. Cav., Oi. E; P. Van Everson.pnI. Aug, 10, 1862, lat Munntert Rifles, Co. I. George K. Willjur.enl. Au;;. 9, 1862, 128Ih Begt., Co. A; Corp.; pro. ord..eergt..
Peter
disch.
Ang. 1864.
19, 1864, lat
Art.
George
19, 1804, 16tli
Cav.
Oliver Graves, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. K.
Ist lieut.
igned, July 17, 1865.

ard, enl. 8th
John W. Wood
13, 1863.
Sharpshooters; died of
die
e,
Oct.
John
D. Wilki
Aug. n, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E; pro. Corp.; died of
John Gault, enl. Oct. 28, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. G. John Gonzalea, enl. Nov. 13,1862. 4th Cav. James Gardner, enl. Feb. 2, 1860, V. S. Beg. James Mines, enl. Jan. 27, 1861, 16lh Art.
Michael Haley, enl. Jan. 27, 1804, 16th Art. Wm. F. Hood, enl. Jan. 20, 1804, ICOth Regt.
fever near New Orleans, Aug. 17, 186 1. Isaac Welter, eul. Ang. 1802, 12Sth Begt., Co. E; disch. July, 1805.
John
S.
Woodward,
enl.
Aug. 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E; disch. for
disability,
Thomiis
F.
Houghtallng. enl. Jan.
29, 1864, 20th U. S. C. T.
April 28, 1804.
Patrick White, enl. Ang. 12, 1864, 46th Begt., Co.

escapi-d
;
A; prisoner
at Salisbury;
returne<l to sorrice
I'isch.
Aug.
2, 1865.
Robert N. Ilasson, enl. Feb. 5, 1864, 13th Ait. Ambrose Hayden, enl. Feb. 2. 1864, 4lh Cav. John Hendrick, enl. Aug. 2, 1864,150th Regt.
Robert Hnughlallng, enl. Aug.
13, 1864, 91at
James W. Wiches,
Wni. H.
3, 1865.
Aurelius Webster eul. April, 1801, ISlh Begt., Co. I; disch. enl. Dec. 25, ISiH, 21st Cav. ; disch. 1805.
Willis, enl. Sept. 2,
May
17, 1803.
Begt.
1801, Ulot Begt., Co. I; disch.;
re-enl.
disch. July
Wm. H. Hnddleston, enl. Aug. 29, 1864, 9lBt Regt. Charles W. Huddl&ston, enl. Aug. 29, 1364, 91st Begt.
Samuel Hagcdurn,
enl.
Ang.
29, 1804, 91at Begt.
Isaac Wickhain, enl. Ang. 1863, 2l9t Cav.; died at Washington, March, 1864.
Wm.
H. Hallenbeck, enl.
.Tan. 14, 180-1,
150th Begt.
John Woodbeck,
eul.
May,
eul.
1861, 18th Begt., Co. I; disch.
May, 1803; j-c-enlisted

disch.
Ricliard Hart, enl. Jan. 14, 1805, I06th Begt.
Jan. 1804, 21st Cav.
John A. Hardy,
May,
1861, 18lh Begt., Co.
;
enl. Jan. 17, 1865, Ul6th Regt.
Samuel W. Woodbeck,
May, 1803
re-
Itobert
Ham,
enl.
Aug.
14, 1862, 12Sth Regt., Co.
A.
disch. Aug. 1805. onl. Jan. 1804, 6th Cav., Co. M Seneca D. Woodbeck, enl. Jan. 1801, Otii Cav., Co. M diach. May, 1805. Eugene Wilson, enl. Sept. 17, 1801, 91st Begt., Co. E. James Wilson, enl. Oct. 29, 1862, ISOIh Begt., Co. G.
;
Manville Hoffman, enl. Aug.
13, 1802, l-28th Regt., Co. G.

12, 1802,
Edward Huglo,
Corp.; enl.
Aug.
128th Regt., Co. K.
George A. Hoffman,
discharged.
tran
John E. Wilbur, enl. Oct John Wagoner, enl. Aug.

Joseph Warren, enl. Ira P. Wright, Corp.; John Yauce.
Mounted Rifles, Co. II. 25, 1802, lt Mounted Rifles, Co. I. Ang. 28, 1802, Ist Mounted Rifles, Co. I.
8, 1802, l8t
Henry F. Haiiver, enl. Sept. 22, 1802, 167th Regt. Edward H. Hauver, sergt. enl. Sept. 21, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. Frank Horlon, sergt.; enl. Sept. 5, 1802, 159tli Regt.. Co. G.
;
E.
eul.
Aug.
12, 1862, 128tli Regt.,
Co. E.
Peter Hagedorn, enl. 8
-pt. 20,
1802, 159tli Regt., Co. E.
Charles N. Hauver, eul. Oct. 10, 1862. 167th Begt. John Haas, enl. Oct. 14, 1802, 107tli Regt.
CLAVERACK.
John
E. Allen, enl.
Michael Head, enl. Nov. 14, 1802, 12tli Cav., Co. B. Michael Healy, enl. Nov. 14, 1802, 3d Cav.
Erostus Hollialcr, enl. Dec.
Ilirara
18, 1801,
0th Cav.; re^cnl. Dec. 1803.
Aug. 23,1862,
1,
l-28th Begt., Co.
K.
Hacker,
enl. Dec. 22, 1803, 150th Begt.
EJw.ird H. Alger, enl. Sept.

Peter H. Allen, enl. Oct.
18, 1802,
167th Re-t.
1862, 159tli Regt., Co. E.
Lucas Artel, enl. Sept. 25, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. C. William Anderson, eul. Jan. 20, 1804, 109th Regt.
Joseph Holmes, enl. Feb. 3, 1805, U. S. Beg. Wm. A. Hallenbeck, enl. July, 1862, U. S. N. George Haynor, enl. May, 1801, I4th Regt., Co. K. Win. H. JelTers, enl. Aug. 8, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. K.
Thomas
J.
Abbey,
enl. Feb. 1, 1864, 160th Regt. enl. Jan. 29, 1804, lat Art.
Thomas Johnson,
enl. 1801, V. S.
N.
Henry Anderson, James Allen, enl.
Sept. 20, 1864, 20th Art.

S.
Charles Anderaon, enl. Jan. 25, 1805, U.
Beg.
James Bowdy,
enl. Sept. 19, 1862, ISUth Begt., Co. K.

;
Bulseu Blunt, serg.
eul. Oct.
1,
1862, 159th Regt., Co. E.
Andrew Bnish,
Leonard Doice,
enl. Sept. 22, 1862, 159lh Begt., Co. E.

eul.
SepL
29, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. E.

2:1,
Job Kelts, enl. July 30, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. G. William Kells, enl. Aug. 18, 1802, 128lh Begt, Co. G. Augustus Kesaelburgh, enl. Aug. 12, 1802, 128tli Regt., Cv. G. Alexander Kells, enl. Sept. 18, 1802, 159th Begt., Co. E. Jacob Killinoro, enl. Sept. 27, 1862, 167tli Regt John A. Klinsing, Corp.; enl. Sept. 6, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. G. John Kinglehofer, enl. Nov. 13, 1862, 3d Cav.
Bichanl Boice, enl. Sept.
1862, 159th Regt., Co. E.
Benjamin B. Bunker, enl. Oct. 9, 1862, 167tb Begt. John Bell, enl. Oct. 14, 1862, 107th Begt.
Caleb
C.
Briggs, asst. aurg.; enl. Oct. 1802, lOTIh Regt.

enl.
Alexander BaplisI,
Nov.
14, 1862, .3d
Cav.
John Kennedy, enl. June 28, 1804, 15th Art. J. M. Kittle, enl. Feb. 1, 1865, IJ. S. Beg. John Lewis, enl. Oct 16, 1862, 167th Begt. Byron Lockwood, enl. Oct. 19, 1802, 107tli Regt. Martin L. Lucas, enl. Oct 14, 1802, 107th Regt
Daniel Lane,
i
Uenry A. Bush,
enl. Jan.
M,
1804, 169tli Begt.
nl.
Jan. 29, 1864, 4th Art.

2, 1S64,
William Boice, enl. Feb.
0, 1864,
6th Cav.
."ith
John Lacy,
Cav.
enl. Jan. 29, 1864, 1st Art.
Henry Branthout,
Frank Beyer,
1
enl.
Aug.
10, 1S64,
Horatio Lord, eul. Feb.
4lh
Art
Ait.
enl. Sept. 2U, 1864, 13th Cav.

enl. Sept. 19, 1864,
Patrick I.arUin, eul. Feb.
8, 1804, 1st
Uamnger,
2d Cav.
Nichol.Ts Leilwitch, enl. Sept. 20, 1804, Litli Cav.
Bird, enl. Jan. 12, 1805, 9l3i Regt.
Oliver Lowry, enl. Jan. 16, 1800, V. S. licg.
H. Drown, eul. Jan.

,
14, 1865,
3,
lOGth Regt.
Barker, eul. Feb.
1865, U. S.
Beg.
Charles Bigsby, enl. July, 1862, V. S. N. Charles A. Clapper, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. K. John Caton, eul. Nov. 13, 1862, 41h Cav.
George .Morrison,
Henry Labosse, enl. Jan. 16, I860, U. S. Keg. Thomas Leonard, enl. March 20, 1860, U. S. N. enl. Sept 1802, 12ath Begt
J.din J. Miller, eul. Ang. 9, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. G.
Walter Carey, enl. Nov. 14, 1802, 3d Cav. John J. C.Tnell, eul. Feb. 3, 1800, U. S. Reg. John B. Decker, enl. Aug. 12, 1802, I28th Regt, Co. K.
John McIIenry, enl. Aug. 12, 1802, 128th Regt, Co. K. John Maxwell, enl. Oct. 2, 1S02, 159th Regt, Co. E. John W. Mycre, enl. Oct. 2, 1802, 167th Regt Jerome W. McDowell, enl. Sept. 21, 1862, 159th Regt, Co.
Cyrus Mesick, Corp.; enl. Sept. 2. 1802, 159th Regt., Co. G. Theodore .McGill, eul. Sept. 22, 1802, 107th Regt Jesse Miller, enl. Sept. 19, 1S02, 159th Regt, Co. E.
0.
James Decker, enl. Sept. 25, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. E. Edward Decker, enl. Oct. 3li, 1862, 159tli Regt., Co. E.
Tliiiolhy Dolan, enl. Jan. 20, 1804, lo'Jth Regt.
John Davenport,
enl. Feb. 12, 1804, let Art. Peter Donnelly, enl. Sept. 20, 18&4, 13th Cav. enl. Sept. 20, 1864, 13lh Cav.
;
Anthony Maxwell,
enl, Oct.
1,
1S62, l.i9th liegt., Co. E.
Caspar Matt, enl. Sept.
29, 1802, lOUtli
Begt, Oi. E.
Thomas Denny,
Aaron M. DeJorick, 2d lleut. enl. Ang. 1804, Olst Begt. Jo.eph Dinger, enl. Jan. 10, 1865, U. S. Reg. Jiuiies Dow, enl. March :l, 1800, L'. S. N. William DonKi, enl. Jan. 4, 1565, U. S. N.
John Moigy, enl. Sept 16, 1802, 109th Regt, Co. 0. Edward McLane, enl. Oct 30, 1862, 1,09th Regt., Co. E. Obailiah Miller, enl. Oct 9, 1802. 109th Regt., Co. C.
Jacob Mitiwager,
enl. Oct. 1602, 107tli
Regt
John D. Martin,
enl.
Nov.
13, 1802,
4th Car.

Charles Morlalx, enl. Nov.
13, 1862,
NEW
YORK.
425
3d Cav.
Patrick Head, enl. Jan. 3U, 1864, Ist Art. Peter Murphy, enl. Feb. 5, 1864, 159th Begt.
Henry Myers, enl. Feb. 2, 18G4, 15th Art. Edward Murray, enl. Feb. 1, 1864, let Art. Robert Miller, enl. Aug. 8, 1864, 91t Eegt. William Miller, enl. Aug. 8, 1864, 91at Kegt. Thomas Meyer, enl. Sept. 19, 1804, 2d Car.
Victor Mansfield, enl. Sept. 19, 1864, lOlh Cav.
Edward Van Valkenburg, eul. Nov. 13, 1862, 120tli Regt. Van Bnren, enl. Jan. 29, 1864, 43d Regt. Van Slycfc, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. 20th C. S. Colored Troops. Fraoois Van Steenburgh, enl. Jau. 26, 1864, 5th Art. Cornelius Van Patten, enl. Jan. 16, 1865, U. S. Reg. Philip J. Van Ness, lleut enl. 1861, U. S. N. Milo Vau Deuaen, eul. May, 1861, 14th Begt, Co. K.
Clinton
Daniel
Enoch C. Morgan, enl. Jan. 14, 1805, SOth Regt. James McKeniic, enl. Jan. 16, 1805, l.501h Regf. John T. Murphy, enl. Jan. 25, 1865. U. S. Reg. James Murpliy, enl. Feb. 3, 1865, U. S. Beg. Peter W. E. Minger, enl. March 21, 1865, V. S. Reg. Levi M. Nicoll, enL Feb. 1, 1864, lat Art. James Nolan, enl. Jan. 16, 1865, 165th Regt.
William Ostmnder, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, 128tli Begt., Co. David D. Orr, enl. SepL 1862, 128th Regt. noury A. Oaburn, enl. Sept. 22, 1862, 167ch Regt.
Daniel D. Onbum, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Alsou B. Oitrander, enl. Feb. 20, 1864, U. S. Beg. Jacob Ostmnder, enl. Feb. 17, 1865, Bfllh Begt.
(5.
Aug. 12, 1862, I28th Regt, Co. K. John Wallace, enl. Sept 1862, 128th Begt John F. Warner, enl. Oct 2, 1802, 159th Begt, Co. E. Titus Williams, enl. Oct. 2, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. G. Albert Wheeler, enl. Sept 22, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. B. Benton S. Winchell, Corp.; enL Sept. 29, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. E. George Williams, enl. Oct 15, 1862, 167th Regt. Wm. Welch, enl. Nov. 13, 1862, 4th Cav. David A. Whiteside, enl. Jan. 25, 1864, 7th Art Lyman E. Winans, enl. Jan. 2e. 1864, 4th Art. Joseph Wenzell, enl. Jan. 28, 1864, 161h Art
H. Waltere,
enl.
Wm.
Edward
C.
Wade,
enl. Feb. 1, 1864,
7ih Art
Hoive Weaver,
enl. Feb. 6, 1864, 13th
Art
John Walden, enL Sept. 19, Dennis Whelan, enl. March
1804, 91at Regt.

8, 1805,
U. S. N.
John Owcni,
enl.
Jan. 25, 1865, U.

11, 1862,
S.
Reg.
Peter J. Proper, enl. Aug.
128th Regt., Co. A.
Myron Pouchcr,
TholUM Palmer,
enl.
Aug.
11, 1802,
128th Begt, Co. A.
Mnrtiu Plainer, Corp.;
enl. Oct. 2, 1862, 159tli
BegL, Co. E.
Lewis
CLERMONT.
C. Brooks, Corp.; enl.
enl. Sept. 22, 1862, 107th Begt.
Ira Peck, enl. Sept. 10, 186A 167th Begt. Bolii-rt Proper, eul. Sept. 24, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. E.
Aug.
20, 1862,
128th Begt., Co. O.
Robert D. Baker, enl. Nov.
7, 1862,
4th Car.
C. T.
Wesley Plimley, enl. Aug. 5, 1304, 91st Regt. Martin Platner (2ii), enl. Aug. S, 1804, 9l3t Begt. George Perez, enl. Sept. 19, 1804, ISOtli Reijt.
John Baker, eul. Jan. 25, 1861, 26th D. S. John Cutting, euL 10th Begt John Collins, enl. Nov. 7, 1862, 4th Car.
Warien N. Pease,
eiil.
Jan.
17, 1865,
100th Begt.
Wm.
H. CarapbelL euL Nov.

S.
7,
1862, 4th Cav.
Joseph Prennnii, enl. Jan. 16, 1863, C. S. Beg. GeorgB Proper, enl. Sept 7c 1802, 159th Regt., Co. E. W.lliam Baught, enl. Sept. 18, 1862, 159th B.gt.
Christian M. Rupf, enl. Ort.
7, 1802,
Benson
Cooper, enl. Sept. 14, 1862, 4th Cav.

enl.
James Cook,
Nov.
14, 1862,
4th Cav.
159th Regt.
Charles Root, enl. Jan.
2, 1864,
lS9th
William Rider,
enl. J.in. 27, 1804, 16th
Regt Art
Peter Rupert enl. Jan.
29, 1864, Ist Art.
Edward Reynolds,
Michael Riley,
enl. Jan. 20, 1804, 1st
Art
enl. Feb. 5, 1864, 169lh
Begt.
John Bockefeller, enl. Feb. 5, 1861, 1st Art. Matthew Byan, enl. Feb. 2, 1804, 16ih Art.
Bicbard Bitught enl. Sept
Charles E. Rote, enl.
13, 1862,
Alexander Cluni, enl. Sept 19, 1863. Horace Denegar, enl. Aug. 28, 1862, 128th Eegt, Co. G. Wm. Danti, eul. Aug. 26, 1862, 128Ui Regt, Co G. Eugene Elkenbargb, euL Sept. 14, 1862, 128th Regt Leonard Fuland, enl. Aug. 26, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. G; disch. Crowel Fairchild, enl. Aug. 26, 1862, 10th Regt. Charies Feller, onl. Oct 30, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. L George Fradenburgh, enL Nov. 7, 1862, 4th Cav. Charles a Gale, enL Nov. 3, 1862, 159th Begt
for disability.
159tb Regt., Co. E.
Wm. W. Wm.
Gardner, enl. Aug.
26, 1862, 12Sth
Begt, Co. G; died of disease iu tha
Oct
6,
1862, 12th Cav., Co. B.
service.
Charlei
John
S. Silvernall, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co. G. F. Silvemail, enl. Sept 1862, 128th Regt Martin Smith, sergt; onl. Aug. 13, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. G.
Goodrich, enL Nov.
10, 1862,
4th Car.
George Hallenback, enl. Oct Alexander Kilmer, enl. Nov.
30, 1862, 4th

12, 1862,
Cav.
4th Cav.
Samuel C. Scliutt, eul. Aug. 15, 1802, 128th Regt., Co. Q. William A. Stevens, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G. Charles Smith, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. O.
Philip P. Shufelt, osst surg.
;
Henry H. Miller, enl. Nov. 7, 1862, 4th Cav. Thomas Owens, enl. Nov. 7, 1362, 4th Cav. Wm. 0. Sheets, enl. Oct .30, 1862, 139th Regt
Peter E. Potts, enl. Aug. 26, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. I; died of disease at home on furlough.
enl. Sept. 1862, 14th Regt.
wbUa
Leonard Smith,
enl. Sept. 24, 18,2, I59th

19, 1862,
Regt, Co. G.
167th Begt.
Francis Smith, enl. Sept
lo9th llegt., Co. E.
PeUr
E. Rifenburgh, enl.
Sept
14, 1862,
148th Regt.
Jacob A. Sagendorph,
eul. Sept. 10, 1862,
Frsnklln Sagendorph, Corp.;
enl.
Aug.
26, 1862, 128th
Begt, Co. G.
John Smith,
corp.; eul.
Oct
1,
1862, 159lh
Regt, Co. E.
Carlostin Smith, enL Nov. 12, 1862, 159th Begt, Co.
Christian Snacks, enl. Oct. 28, 1802, 167th
Regt
Co. G.
Wm. Smith,
enl.
Nov.
14, 1862,
4tb Cav.
4th Cav.
Isiiac C. Schermerhorn, enl. Oct 1-3, 1862, 159th Regt, John Sholer, enl. Oct 14, 1802, 167lh Begt Enoch Smith, enl. Oct 30, 1862, 4th Cav. John W. Shields, enl. Oct. 1862, 167th Regt Edward Sumner, enl. Not. 13, 1802, 4th Cav. Wra. A. Stickles, enl. Jan. 12, 1864, 159lli Regt
George Smilh,
enl.
Nov.
14, 180-2,
Charles G. Stone, enL Aug. 22, 1864. Luserne Stewart, eul. Jan. 26, 1864, 159th Begt, Co. G. Jacob Sherman, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. 15gth Regt, Co. G.
John Van Etten, enl. Aug. 20, 1862, 128th Regt. died in the Washington L. White, enl. Sept. 30, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. I.
;
David Smith, enl. Jan. 26, 1864, 4th Art. William St. Cbiir, enl. Jan. 29, 1804, 4tli Art. Ira Silvemail, enl. Aug. 18, 1864, IMth Begt Wm. Snyder, enl. Aug. 20, 1864, 9Ut Regt Robert T. Scanning, enl. Sept 19, 1864, Hlh Cav. Amiel Schnfr, enl. Sept 19, 1864, lOlh Cav. Harvey Smith, enl. J:in. 17, 1865, 128lh Regt.
Frederick Seitz, enl. Feb.
Charles Smith, enl. Mnrch
2,
George H. Wilson,
enl.
Nov.
7, 1862,
4th Cav.
John Williams, enl. Nov, 7, 1802, 4th Cav. Wm. Young, enl. Nov. 14, 1802, 4th Cav.
COPAKE.
Charles H. Allen, Corp.; enl. Oct 30, 1862, 12th Cav, Co. B.
E.
186,% U. S.
Reg.
N.
20, 1805, U. S.
Augoatus Steugert, enl. March 9, 1805, D. S. N. Samuel Sncad, eul. Nov. 30, 1861, 9lBt Begt., Co.
Andrew Smith,
Corp.
enl.
May,
1801, Utii
Silus A. Talor, enl.
Hurry D. T.itor, enl. Aug. 20, 1802, 12Slli John D. Tutor, enl. Sept. 18, 1802, ie7tli Regt. Sept 18, 1862, 107lli Regt. John Toorny, enl. Jan. 21, 1854, 159tli Regt
Stephen
Tibl.ils, enl.
Begt, Co, K. Regt, Co. K.
George W. .Austin, enl. 140th Itegt. prom, to captain C. D. A.; discharged. Walter Brusie, enl. Aug. 14, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. K disch. fur disability. James Burns, enl. Sept 20, 1802, 159th Begt, Co. E. Cornelius Bnisie, enL Aug. 23, 1804, 91st Begt, Co. K; diich. at close of war. Theodore Dain, enl. Sept 0, 1864, 91at Begt, Co. K.
;
;
Alliert Brusie, enl. in navy.
Feb.
1,
1804, 1st Art.
James
L. Tiffany, onl. Jan. 24, 1864, Ist Art.

2,
Collins Towner, enl. Feb.
Art Edward Tiyon, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. 1.59th Regt. Warren Tracy, enl. Feb. 1, 1865, U. S. Beg.
1864, 4th
William Thompson, enl. Feb. 2, 1805, U. S. Reg. William H. Traver, enl. Sept. 4, 1802, 139th Regt., Co. A.
Luther Bain, enl. May, 1801, 14th Regt, Co. K. Waller D. Card, enl. Aug. 14, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. K; discharged. John F. Chatterton, lat lieut.; eul. Aug. 30, 1301, 9Iat Regt, Co. H; resign Aug. 1803; re'.enl. Aug. 24, 1864. Charles B. Campbell, enl. Sept 2. 1861, 91st Begt, Co. H. George Crine, enl. Sept 28, 1801,91st Eegt, Co. H; died while home on furloug Albert H. Clark, enl. Oct 4, 1802, 159th Begt., Co. E; died in the William H. Coils, eul. Sept 18, 186'2, 159th Regt, Co. E; discharged. John Carl, onl. Aug. 23, 1864, 91at Regt, Co. K; discharged.
54
426
Hugh Hugh
Calkins, enl. Oct. 29, 18C2.
4lli

Car.
NEW
YORK.
while
Andrew
C. Perkins, died
home on
furlough.
William Carroll, enL Oct. 1862, 4lh Car.

Corcoran, onl. Oct. 10. 1802, 12tb Car., Co. B. Samnel P. Curtis, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, 128th Regt, Co.
Peter Phillips, discharged.
diBcharged.
Henry Phillips, died in the service. Thomas Bice, enl. Ang. 11, 1862,
Fisher's Hill, Ya.
;
Bowland Card,
Art.
;
enl. Sept. 1861, 9l3t Begt., Co.
trans, to Battery L, Ist U. S.
128th Begt, Co. E; wonnded Oct. 27, at was one of the forlorn hope at Port Hudson; dis-
killed at Cedar Crek.

;
charged.
proui. to 1st lieut.
;
Collins Chesbrough, enl. 18C1, 3d Car.
discharged.
Charles Boot, enl. Oct 29, 1862, 4th Car.
discharged
re-enl. Jan. 2, 1864, 159th
Peter Cain, enl. 91st Begt, Co. H ; ditch. rw-eiil. in ISOth Begt. ; discbargod. Allen Decker, enl. Oct. 17, 1861, Slst Kgt., Co. H disch. for disab.; re-enl.
;
Begt, Co. G; taken prisoner April
20, 1864; died at
Andenonvllle, Ga,
Ang. 1862, 128tli Eegt., Co.

Peter Docker,
Jr., enl,

;
March 17, 1865. Marvin Bobison, enl. 3d
Cav., N. Y. S.; died of disease In the service.
1863, at Port
Aug. 11, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. K wounded. May 27, Undion, La. taken prisoner at Winchester, Sept. 27, 1864;
;
W.
prisoner until near the close of the war.
D. Beynolds, enl. 44th N. Y. S. Vols. : pro. to hospital steward. Allen Sheldon, enl. Aug. 8, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. K; pro. let lieut; discharged. Otto Shurry, enl. Ang. 11, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. K died in the service killed
; ;
Isaac Dais, enl. Sept.
12, 1861, 9l8t Begt., Co. H. Benjamin F.Delemnter, eul. Oct. 20, 1862, 12th CaT prisoner, from April exchanged discharged. 1864, to July 26, 1866 Peter M. Decker, enl. Oct. 29, 1862, 4lh Car.
; ; ;
May
20,
27, 186:).
Charles U. Slocum, enl. Aug. 26, 1861, Qlst Begt, Co. Bowland Sweet, eul. Ang. 3U, 1861, 01st Begt, Co. H
Cav., Co. B.
H
;
pro.sergt.
discluirged.
l'2th
re-enl.
Nov. 20, 1802,
Aiidrrw Decker, enl. 1864. Eugene A. Edwards, enl. Sept. 24, 1862, 169th Begt, Co. C; dlaclialged.
Walter G. Shaver,
trans, to
enl.
Aug. 30,1861,
9lBt
Begt,Co.
H;
detailed hospital clerk:
Vet
Bes. Corps; discharged.
Jacob Finkle, enl. Aug. 18, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. K discharged. Edward Fagan, eul. SepU 14, 1861, 91st Begt., Co. H ; discharged. John A. Hallenbfck, enl. Oct. 17, 1861, 9l8t Begt., Co. H discharged. Thomas W. Hanrey, enl. Ang. 30, 1861, 9l8t B<'gt., Co. H; reHinl. in a Maesa; ;
cbnsetts regiment disch., and died after the war. Hiram Hubbard, enl. Sept. 17, 1861, 9l8t Begt , Co. H died in the service. John K. Hammet, enl. Oct 30, 1862, 121h Cht., Co. B; discharged. Jonas Holsapplc, enl. Sept 1864, U. S. Nay discharged. Horace Hawver, enl. Sept 17, 1861, 9l8t Begt, Co. H discharged. Charles Ham, enl. Sept 3, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. K taken pris. Sept. 27, 18C4,
; ; ; ; ;
David Secor, enl. Oct 12, 1861, 91st Begt, Co. B ; discharged. Epbraim Scbenuerliom, euL Dec. 2, 1861, 91st Begt, Co. H shot through bolb eyes at Port Hudson, and died on the field, June 14, 1863. Leiand Simpson, enl. Sept. 12, 1864, 91st Begt, Co. K discharged. Hiram Spade, enl. Oct 10, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. E; died of disease in the
; ;
service,
Sopher Stillman,
enl. 1861
discharged.
Peter Snyder, enl. Sept 1861, 91st Begt, Co. wound In the hand.
H;
disch. for disability caused
by
at Winchester, Va.; died at Andersonville.
Paul Schmidt, enl. 9l8t Begt.; discharged. George Slalker, enl. in Wisconsin regiment
John Il.iskins, died the night he reached home on sick leaie. Henry Holcomb, enl. 44th K. Y. Vol.; discharged. Lyman Holcomb. Beuben Kilmer, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128lh Begt., Co. K disch. for disability Norman Kline, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. K disoli. for disability. William Kellerhouse, enl. Aug. 11,1862, 128th Begt, Co. K severely woouded
; ; ;
Wesley TrafforJ, enl. Sept. 6, 1804, 91st Begt, Co. E discharged. John Teator, eul. Sept 15, 1864,91st Begt, Co. H discharged. Sylvester Turner, enl. Sept. 15, 1864, 9l8t Begt, Co. K dlacliarged. Ward Vandebognrt, enl. Aug. 11, 1662, 128lh Begt., Co. K pro. sergt. wounded May 27, 186:!, at Port Hndson ; wounded Sept. 27, 1864, at Winchester,
; ; ; ; ;
Ya.
Braiille
discharged.
;
in
abdomen
discharged.
Corp.; enl. Sept 2, 1861, 91st Begt., Co. K. Jonas Kellerhouse, enl. Srpt 26, 1862, 169th Begt., Co. C.
John Keating,
Lodl KItcbell, enL 1861

dischnrged.
discharged
re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864, IS9th
Begt, Co.
John
S.
Kilmer, eul. Sept
3, 1864, 91st
Begt, Co.
died of disease at
Wash-
ington, D.
C, May
12, 1865.
;
Van Deusen, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128tb Begt, Co. K discharged. Loren Van Densen, enl. Ang. 11, 18C2, 128th Begt, Co.'K; died of dhiease ai Baton Bouge, La. Orville Velie, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128lh Begt, Co. K ; discharged. James Van Densen, eul. Ang. 23, 1884, 9lBt Begt, Co. K ; discharged. Linns Van Deusen, enl. Sept 15, 1864, 91st Begt, Co. K discharged. John W. Van Tassell, enl. Aug. 7, 1802, 128th Begt., Co. K.
;
George KIsselbrack, Jr, enl. Sept 6, 1864, 91st Begt., Co. K discharged. Frederick Keppey, enl. Sept 7, 1861, 91st Begt, Co. H. ^ndfoid Kilmer, enl. 135th N. Y. Begt.; taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry;
died at Charleaton.
Buseell
Van Densen,
enl.
Jan. 18, 1864, 169lb Begt., Co. G.
John
Langdon, 2d lieut
enL Ang.
11, I8i,
128th Begt, Co.
K;
pro.
capt;
enl. Nov, 12, 1861, 91st Eegt, Co. H. Ezra Welch, enl. Sept. 2, 1861, 91st Begt., Co. H discharged. Peter Welch, enl. Sept 2, 1861, 91st Begt, Co. H discharged. John Wliitbeck, Corp.; eul. Sept. 20, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. C; died In the
Henry Woodin,
ier-
resigned Feb.
3, 1804.
Adrian Langdon, enL Ang. II, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. K; pro. adjutant's clerk, and Brig.-Ceu. Sherman's clerk disch. for disability. James W. Lemly, enl. Sept 5, 1861, 91st Begt., Co. H.
;
Nelson Williams, enl. Sept 9, 1864, 9lBt Begt, Co. K .wounded discharged. John S. Whitbeck, enL 128th Begt.; died in the service. John Wolcott, enl. in a Massacbusetta regiment ; killed in the service, at buttle
;
John
C. Loop, enl.
May, 1861, 14th Begt,
Co.
discharged
re-enl. Sept. 1864,
of the Wilderness.
U. S. N.
discharged.
Charles Wolcott, discharged.
Peter Langdon, enl. Not. 17, 1861, 91st Begt, Co. 12, 1863, Berwick City, La.
May
Peter Wolcott.
William Lord,
enl. Sept. 1861, 9l8t
Begt, Co.
H
H
;
discharged.
discharged.
George Niver, War of 1812. HomeliuB Wiutcis, Mexican War.
Cbarles Lord, enl. Sept 1861, 91st Begt, Co.
David Langdon, bugler; enl. 1861, 3d Cav.; discharged. Daniel Lane, enL Jan. 29, 1864, 169th Begt, Co. G. Sidney Melius, enl. Sept. 1. 1862, 128th Begt, Co. K pro. ord.-sergt. prisoner at Llbby and Andersonville till near the close of the war disch. with regiment; died at home ten days after.
; ; ; '
GALLATIN.
James Bowdy
Siliis
Miller, enl. Aug. 6, 1862, 128tb
Begt, Co.
K wounded
;
at Port
Hudson
Wm. Wm.
Oct 4, 1862, I59th Begt, Co. E. Brinzel; wounded; discharged. Calkins, enl. Oct 29, 1802, 159th Begt, Co. C.
(2d), onl.
;
discharged.
Philip H. Coon, Corp.

7,
enl. Sept. 27, 1862, 1691b
Chnrchill Moore, enl. Sept
1861, 91st
Do Wilt
C.
McNeil,
enl.
Sept
26, 1862, 169th
James M. Melius,
Philip
eiiL Sept. 26, 1802,
Begt, Co. H. Begt Co. E. 1591h Begt., Co. C; discharged.

,
John Cook,
Corp.
enl. Sept. 29, 1862, 159th
Begt, Co. Begt, Co. I.
I.
Thc-odore McGill, enl. Oct 1802, 4lh Cav.

Melius, enL Aug. 19, 1864, 91t Bi'gt., Co. K. Peter B. Milius, enl. Aug. 19, 18C4, 9l8t Begt, Co. K.
W.
Alverus Coon, enl. Sept. 27, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. I. Wm. Coon, enl. Sept. 29, 1862, ISOtli Begt, Co. I. Alfred B. Coon, enl. Sept. 23, 1862, 159th Begt Co. I. Henry A. (Xinroe, enl. Sept. :)0, 1862, 159lh Begt, Co.
,
I.
Freeman McArlhiir,
charged.
enl.
Sept
1864, U. S. N.
;
Eraatos D. Marston, blacksmith
enL Oct
29, 1862,
4th Cav.; re-enlisted;

C.
dis-
Leonard
Slichaels, enl. Oct. 28, 1802, 159th

S.
Begt, Co.
Wnl
Melius, enl. U.
N.
John Carrol, enl. Aug. 1862, 128th Begt, Co. I. Henry Duncan, enl. Oct 10, 1801, 91st Begt, Co. I. Henry Dennis, enl. Sept 10, 1802, 169th Begt, Cu. I. Jacob J. Dykeman, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, 128lh Begt, Co. G. Wilson Dykeinan, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, 128lb Begt, Co. G. James Dennis; disclisrged.
William Duntz,
enl.
Brazil Mt- lius, enl. U. S. N.
Aug.
1862, 12ath Begt., Co.
I.
Samuel Near,
Aug. 9,1802, 128th Begt., Co^ K; died In the service. Peter P. Niver. enL Sept 1802, 1.59tli Begt died at Brazier City, May 21, 1803. John W. Nooney, enL Sept 15, 1864, 9Ut Begt, Co. K discb. and died soon
enl.
; ;
Wm.
Ilouglitaling, enl. Sept. 23, 1862, 159th Bejit, Co. C.

C.
Walter
after
Houck, enl. Oct. 8, 1802, 169lh Begt, Co. I: discharged. Philip Honghtaling, enl. Oct 11, 1862, 169th Begt, Co. I. Martin Hogun, enl. Jan. 23, 1804, 169th Begt, Co. G.
Albert Ostrander, enl. Sept. 2. 1802, 150lh Begt., Co. C; discharged. F^dwiu Pulver, enl. Aug. 11, 1802, 128th Uegt, Co. K discharged.
;
Henry
Ingles, enl. Sept. 29, 1802, 159th Begt., Co. 1
discharged.
A. Jennings.
Peter Jacoby
;
John W. Pulver, enl. Oct 2, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. C; died in the service. John Poiihnett, enl. Oct 1802, 4th Cav.; died while huiuu on fiiriough, John W. Post, enl. Sept. 9, 1864. Hiram D. Pierce, enl. Sept. 30, 18C2, lo9tU Begl., Co. C discharged.
;
Eobert Kilmer, enl. Sept 14, 1801, 9l8t Bgt., Co. H. Alexander Kilmer, enl. Sept. 7, 1861, 9lBt Begt, Co. H. William Kellerhouse, enl. Oct. 4, 1862, 1.69lh Begt, Co.
I.

Philip B. Kip, enl. Oct.
9, 1862,
;
NEW YORK.
427
159th Kegt, Co. I; disd in the service.
John M. Lawrence,
Corp.
enl. Oct. 4, 1862, 159th

1,
Begt
C.>.
Co.
L
di6:ibiltty.
David W. Lawrence,
George Magley,
enl. Oct.
IB62, I59th Begt.,
Peter Laaher; severely wounded by a iplinter; discharged for enl. Sept. 29, 1802, 159th Begt, Co. L
enl. Navy. ten S.ilpaugh, enL Dec 18, 1803, U. S. Navy; promoted; served ' months; died of fever, Sept. 28, 1864. disch. July 12, 1865. Sipperly, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, 12ath Begt, Co.K Henry S. Cbjirlea Storey, enl. Navy.
Simon Rockefeller,
Beekman
Peter McDarby, enl. Oct. 1, 1862. 159th Begt, Co. I. Peter B. Plass, enL Aug. 18, 1862, 12th Begt, Co. G. George E. Philips, enl. Aug. 1802, 128th Begt., Co. Q. Daniel O. Smith, enl. Sept 28, 1861, 9l3t Begt, Co. H died of disease at Pensa;
William
Jacob
J.
Shufeldt, enl.
Oct
26, 1862,
159th Regt., Co. C.
P. Scanlan, enl. 1862,
Navy.
enl. Oct. 29, 1862, 159th
W. Ten Eyck,
Begt, Co. C; disch.;
re-enl.
Oct
cola, Fla.
EphnUm
Sticklea, enl. Sept 29, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. C. Peter H. Snyder, enl. Oct 1, 1862, 159h Begt, Co. 1; loat bis forearm in the service; discharged.
1863,6th Cav.; not mustered in; dlsch. Jacob S. Ten Kyck, enl. Oct 29, 1861, 5th Cav., Co. L. Wm. H. Winans, enl. Sept. 3, 1804, 128th Begt., Co. K
pris. at Salisbury,
and
died there of starvation and exposure, Nov. 27, 1864.
Thomas
Scutt, enl. Oct.

enl.
enl.
3,
1862, 159th Regt., Co.
L
I.
Grovenor Scutt Robert D. Stall,
Oct
3, 1802,
159th Begt., Co.
Jame Wallace,
Stephen Worth, enl. Navy. Wm. n. Woods, enl. Navy enl. Navy,
Aug.
14, 1862,
128th Begt, Co. C.
Eugene Secor;
George Wood,
lost his leg at
Gettyeburg; discharged,
;
Oct 19, 1801, 91at Regt., Co. H died In the s Norman Wagner, enl. Oct 3, 1802, 159th Begt., Co. I. William Wood, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. K discharged.
enl.
;
GHENT.
John H. Albright,
enl.
Lyman Wlnans.
William A. Wheeler; discharged.
George Anthony, Alonzo Arnold, enl. 1802, 167tli Begt. Jttlin W. Almstead, enl. Sept. 11, 1802, 159th Begt, Co. E.
enl.
Sept 3, 1864, 91st Regt; Sept 1802, 159th Begt
disch.
July
26, 1805.
David Bellows,
enl.
Ang.
11, 1802,
1231h Regt., Co. A; disch. for wounds, 1804;
died soon after.
GERMANTOWN.
Jacob M. Ames, enl. Aug. 22, 1802, 128th Regt, Co. K, John Bausemnn, enl. 1801, 52J Regt. George Cole, enl. Sept 16, 1801, 91st Begt., Co. E; died of cansnmption
Barc^ncns, Fla.
at Fort
John Bishop, enL Sept

Oriando Boner,
1862.
Lewis H. Clum,
enl.
Aug.
1,
1862,128th Rfgt, Co. A; tolten prisoner; paroled
enl. Jan. 2, 1!G*, 16th Art John S. Bishop, enl. Jan. 2, 1804. 159th Regt John Bristol, enl. Sept. 11, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. E. James CarmichaeL enL Sept. 1802, 159th Regt. Richard H. Clow, enl. Sept 28, 1804. John Coleman, enl. Jan. 5, 1804, 10th Art
discharged.
Frederick Coenin, enl. Sept.

enl. 05th Begt.
10, 1864,
128th Begt., Co. A; disch. July 20, 1865.
Orlando C. Coons,
John
F. Coons, enl.
Sept
3,
1804, 128th Bogt., Co.
pris.
paroled after four
Lester J. Chapman, enl. Oct 29, 1862, 159th Begt, Co! E. Edward C.tty, enl. Sept 27, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. E.
J.icob H. Christman, enl. Sept. 12, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. E.
months
discharged.
Oscar Cook, enL Navy.

Jumefl Conklin, enl. Navy.
Conrad C. Coons, enl. Siept 25, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. G. James Doran, enl. Sept 22, 1802, 15!)lh Begt, Co. E.
2-2,
Martin Y. B. Dewitt, enl. Aug. James F. Delany, enl. Navy.
1802, 128th
Begt, Co.
pro. capt.
dlsch.
Henry Darling,
enl. Sept. 18, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. G.

to Co.
Dorr De Witt,
enl.
Oct
29, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. C.
John L Demund, enL Infantry.

Nicholas Ertz, enl. Sept.
l>-62,
Bernani Doolun, enl. Oct. 20, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. G; trans, prisoner, and died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 15, Peter Fowler, capt; enl. April, 1801, 1st Cav.
taken prisoner, sent to SalPatrick FitzpHtrick. enl. Sept 1802, lOTtli Regt Michael Foster, enl. Sept 12, 1862, 159lh Uegt., Co, G.
taken
1865.
128th Begt., Co.
NicbolHS Friliam, enl. Sept. 10, 1S02, 159th Regt., Co. E; disch. Oct 12, 1865.
isbury; exchanged; died on the
way home.
George A. Funk,
Corpa
;
enl.
Aug.
12, 1802, 128tU Begt., Co.
K;
trans, to
Vet
.
Rca.
dlsch.
enl.
James Healey,
12, 1865.
Ang.
12, 1862, 128th
Kegt, Co.
pro. corp.
dlsch
July
Patrick Fitzgerald, enl. Oct 21, 1802, 1.59th Begt, James Galvin, enl. Sept 1804, 159th Regt. Alexander Gaddls, Corp.; enl. Aug. 11,1862, 128th
1805.
Co. G.
Regt., Co.
disch.
July 20,
John Hinkle,
dlsch.
enl.
Ang.
12, 1802,
128th Regt, Co. K;
pris.
paroled
wounded;
pris.
Richard Oamenon,
enl. 1862, ie7th Regt.

4, 1804, lOtll
Charles H. Hawvor, enl. Aug. 12, 1802, 128th Regt, Co.

roled; disch. July 12, 1865.
K
;
pro. Corp.
pa-
Elbridge
W.
Guilford, enl. Jan.
Art.
Tlioraas Goldamith, enl. Dec. 29, 180), 2l3t Cav., Co. D.
Carl Burtnann, enl. Sept.

12, 1805.
1,
18M, 128th Begt, Co.
wounded
disch.
July
Peter Herniance, enl. Sept. 1862, OCth Begt. Ambrose Holsapple, enl. Aug. 2, li*G2, 128th Regt., Co.
Pbiqueniine, La., Aug. 13,
180.3.
died of diseiisc at
William H. Hopkins, Thomas H. Johnson,
enl. enl.
Sept 3, 1861; dlicb. July 12, 1806. Ang. 12, 1802, 12Sth Regt, Co. K;
pro. Corp.; pris.
Henry
D. Hulbcrt, enl. 1804, 91st Regt.; disch.
June, 1805.
Oct 19, 1864; died of starvation at Salisbury, Jan. 30, 1806. BarmanLaaher, enl. April 27, 1861,40th Regt., Co. K; dlsch. May 20,1863.
George
E. Lasher, enl.
;
Charies N. Hover, enl. Sept 18, 18G2; 159th Regt, Co. D. Charles Hamilton, enl. Sept. 17, 1802, 159lh Begt, Co. E.
Ang.
12, 1862, 128th
Regt, Co.
K;
pro. Corp., ergt.;
wounded
John
leans,
disch.
Martin Henry, enl. Sept 20, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. E. Henry F. Hover, enl. Sept. 20, 1802, I59th Regt, Co. E.
Ellas B. Jones, enl. Sept. 21, 1864, 91st Regt.; discb.
E. Laps, enl. Aug. 1802, 12Sth Rfgt., Co.
died of diieaso at
New
Or-
June
24, 1805.
May,
1804.
Edward Lather, enl. Sept 16, 1864, Navy; disch. Juno 0, 1865. Ephralm Lashi^r, enl. 128tli Regt Wiuhington >I. Magee, enl. Sept 23, 1801, 9l8t Regt., Co. E ; killed
son,
Bilward Kells, enl. Sept. 1802, 159th Begt. Theodore W. Krafft, Corp.; enl. Aug. 9, 1802, 128th Regt, Co. A; pro. to 2d disch. July 26, lieut.; prisoner at Cedar Creek ; paroled; rejoined regt.
;
at Port
Hud-
1865.
May
27, 1863.
2,
Josiah Miller, enl. Sept.
1862, 123tli Regt., Co.
Eli Miller, enl. Oct. 3, 1802, 159lh
Regt, Co. G.
Eugene Myera, enl. April, 1864, 125th Begt. John Miller, enl. 1862, 1281h Begt. Andrew H. Near, enl. Sept. 19, 1864, I28th Begt, Co. K;
Horace Og.len,
enl.
Aug. 20, 1862, I28th Regt., Co. G; wounded at Port Hudson; prisoner at Winchester; e.\chaciged; disch. July 12, 1865. Joseph Knowles, enl. Oct 17, 1802, 159th Regt, Co. A. John Krouse, enl. Sept. 22, 18C2, 159th Rept, Co. C.
Michael Kane,
enl.
Aug. 1802, I28th Regt., Co.
A;
disch. July 12. 1805.
John Lynch,
Robert Liipham, enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. G; died of disease at New Orleans, Aug. 15, 1863. enl. Sept. 20, 1802, 159th Regt., Co G; died of disease at Savannah, Ga., May, 1805. Rensselaer Lester, enl. Sept. 1862, 12th Cav., Co. C; deUileJ for provost duty at Ncwbern, N. C. disch. June, 1805.
;
Eugene Ogden.
Sil.as
W.
Perry, enl. Sept. 22, 1802, l59tU

:
Regt, Co. A;
;
pro. Corp.;
wounded;
excbanged; disch. Aug. 4, 1805. John Perry, enl. May 1, 1861, 32d Regt, Co. H discb. June 9, 1863. James Portland, enL Aug. 12, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. K wounded May discharged July 12, ISGo. George H. Rockefeller, enl. April 27, 1801, 14th Regt, Co. K trans,
prig.
; ;
Chnrles Leggett enl. Sept. 1861,

27, 1863
Uth Regt
Regt, Co. A.
Andrew W. Lape,
enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 109th
to
Light
Francis Li'ke, enl. 1802, Sharpshooters. Owen Ludlow, enl. Sept 15, 1862, 169th Regt. Co. E.
Art., Co. E; blacksniilh discharged May 27, 1SB3. Jonai RifenbiT-K enl. Aug. 1802, I23th Uegt., Co. K; dlsch. for disability,
;
William Lynch,
enl. Sept. 20, 1862, 159tli Regt., Co. G.
John
J.
MaUy.
enl. Nov. 1804, 91st
Regt; died of
fever at Washington, D.
C,
at
Miircli 20, 1803; rc-cni. 10th .4rt., Co.
discb.
Crawford Rifcnbnrgh, .Vu;;. June, 1802. Moses Rodgere, enl. Navy.
2S, 1801, 91st Begt., Co.
K;
rtlach. for disability,
June 8, 1805. Samncl B. Mary, sergt.

Calvin
3. Miller, eiiL
enl. Oct. 13, 1802, 159th
Regt., Co.
E wounded
;
Irish Bend, April 14, 1K0;1; .lisch.
May
3,
1865.
1862, Shariiohootera.
Peter K. Itifenburgh, enl. Aug.
12, 1802,
128th Regt^ Co. K.
l"atrick Mclinith, onl.
Aug.
'.),
lSO-2,
12Sth Regt, dr.
A ; wounded
at
Winches-
Theodore W. BobiiiBon,
enl. 1864.
ter
dijich.
July, 1866.
428
Wm.
McCambridge,
1865.
enl.

Aug.
7,
NEW
YORK.
1862, I26th Kcgt., Co.

'^
disch. July 26, 186S.
Christoiiher McGulit, enl. Aug. 14, lf02, 128lb Begt., Co.
dlsch.
July
26,
GREENPORT.
James Agan,
enl. Sept. 5, 1862,
159th Regt, Co. A.
JocoboB
C. Mott, enl.
Aog. 1802,
128tli Regt., Co.
A;
died of fever, at
quaiBD-
tine station, La., Dec. 19, 1862.
Cbarles D. SIcForeinnlng, enl. 1862, lC7th
Regt
, ;
Begt, Co. E. Ang. 2, 1862, 128th Regt Co. A disch. Joly 26, 1865. Melville Na>b,snl. Aug. 1862, lOtb Regt. pro. Aaatin Nevlna, enl. Oct. 7, 1862, 159lh Regt., Co. O; trauB. to Co. K
John Mjera,
enl. Sept. 27, 1862, 160th enl.
George Morriaun,
Atwood, enl. 167tb Begt William U. Bunt, sergt.; enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. K. John Becker, enl. Ang. 18. 1862, 128th Regt., Co. K died of fever Jeremiah Beneway, eul. Sept. 0, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. A. Thomns Berridge, sergt; enl. Sept 6, 1802, 159th Begt., Co. A.
F. E.
;
in the service.
Andrew Bown,
John Bnnt,
enl. 13tb Cav.

;
corp.
enl.
Aug.
15, 1802, 128lh
Bigt, Co. K.
Corp.; discharged.
Abram Bunt,
William Cole,
Martin
1.
enl. 1802, 148th
Regt
Henry Neton,
eni. 1662, 167lh Begt.
Isaac A. Collier, enl. 128th Regt.

enl. 14th
Orville Nash, enl.
May, 1861, Utii Regt, Co. K ; disch.; re.enl. Ang. 1863, C. S. N.; lost by sinking of the brig " Bainbridge," Aug. 21, 18C;l.
24, 1862, lj9th Begt., Co. E.
;
Regt
Sclb T. Cole, wounded.

Cooper, enl. Sept. 18M, for three years.
enl.
Patrick O'Brien, enl. SepL

Jaines M. Ostrunder, sergl.
1866
;
enl. Sept. 10, 1S62, 159lh Regt., Co.

6, 1866.
discharged
James Decker,
Aug.
23, 1862, 128tb Regt., Co.

'28,
K.
lieut.
died of disease contracted in service, Sept.
Wm. W.
Dyer, enl. Aug.
1862, 128th at
John W. Ostrander, enl. 1862, 167th Begt. John Ovens, enl. 1862, 107th Begt.
Daniel O^tranJer, enl. Sept.
1,
John V. Dubois, graduated

teers.
Regt, Co. K. West Point in 1865, 2d
colonel of volan-
War of
1861.
1862, 150th Begt., Co.
disch.
June
17, 1865.
Henry PulU.
enl. Sept. 2, 1862, 169th Regt., Co. G.
Wm.
Pugh,
enl. Sept. 17, 1862, 169th Regt., Co. E.
H. Dewlne, enl. Jan. 1804, for three years. George Elling, cnl. Aug. 15, 1802, 128lh Regt, Co. K. Joseph Ferris, eul. Sept 4, 1862, ISOlb Regt., Co. A.
Philip Fray.
Wm.
Frederick Palmer, enl. July, 1862, 10th Regt.
John W. Pliilllps, enl. Sept. 10, 1862, 159lh John J. Poncher, enl. Sept. 17, 1862, 159lh John H. FeturBon, enl. 1862, 167th Begt.
Charles PreBlon, enl. 1862, 1671b Begt.
Regt., Co. Begt., Co.
disch. Oct. 12, 180.i.

12, 1865.
Charles Huddlestone, enl. 128th Begt.
E; dlsch. Oct.
Jam8 Hood,
Virgil
enl. 128th Begt.
Ham,
sergt.; enl.
Aug.
11, 1862, 128th
Regt, Co.
disch. about
Aug.
1, 1865.
John
Fultz, enl. Jan. 1864, 6th Cav.

1,
Oiarles S. Honck, enl. Aug. 25, 1862, 128lh Regt, Co. K.

1862, 159lh
Charles H. C. Peterson, enl. Sept.
George E. Philip,
Michael Rogers.
enl.
Aug.
26, 1862, ligth Regt., Co.
Begt, Co. E. G; dlsch. Aug.
Charles Hoes, enl. 128th Regt.

12, 1366.
Charles D. RomanofT, enL Sept 25, 1862. 150th Regt., Co. G.
Thomas Rikert, enl. Oct 3, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. G. Thomas Ryau, enl. 1862, 167th Regt. Reuben Rockefeller, enl. Oct. 21, 1802, 159th Regt., Co.
K
24, 1865.
H. Hart, enl. Oct 9, 1802, 1591h Regt., Co. B. George Hill, enl. 61b Cav. Egbert Hollinbeck, enl. 1801, 14tb Regt, Co. E. Thoniaa S. Johnson, enl. 128lh Regt, Co. K. Daniel Jennings, enL Sept 29, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. A. Robert Kipp, enl. Sept 22, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. A. died at Irish Bend
;
Wm.
in the
Wm. Wm.
Slans, sergt.; enl. Aug. 1862, 128lh Regt, Co. E; dlsch. July 20, 1865.
enl. Sept. 1864, 169lh
fall
of 1863.
John Scbrader,
Begt
disch.
Oct
Steven, enl. Sept. 1804, 1281li
Regt
John Sogtndorph, enl. Nov. I, 1802. I59tb Begt. Edward Shaver, enl. 1862, 167th Regt. Charles Snyder, enl. Sept 22, 1862, 159tll Begt., Co. G. Hiram P. Sagendorph, Corp.; enl. Sept 211, 1862, 169tli Begt,
Francis Sayre, enl. Sept. 20, 1802, 169th Regt., Co. E.
Co. E.
Edward
Sittn, enl. 1802, lC7th Begt.
Martin Leonard, enl. 128th Rrgt Francis Lyke; dlod in Libby prison. John Plaas Link, priv.; enL Sept 1804, 148tb Bgt., died of fever in BalUmore; effects of hardships at Andetônville prison. Jacob Lyke, enl. Sept. 1864, 148th Regt died in prison in South Carolina. Joseph Moore, enl. 128th Regt Solon Macy, enl. 107lh Begt James Moore, enl. Aug. 1802, 128th Regt., Co. A died of heart disease at New
;
Hiiaiii Scriver, enl.
Oct
22, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. 0.
Orleans.
Philip D.Shufelt, Corp.; enl. Sept. 26, 1862,159th Begt, Co.
E;
trans, to Invalid
Jonas H.
Seth
Plass, eul. 128th
Begt, Co.
prisoner, nearly starved to deain.
Corp; discharged.
Wm.
H.
Sllter,
capt; enl. 1862, 1591b Regt.; resigned.

N.; wounded at St Andrew's " Roebuck," June 4, 18&).
dis-
Andrew K. Snyder, enl. Sept 22, 1802, U. S. Town, Kla., March 19, 1803 died on bark
;
Get>rge
II.
Snyder, enl. Sept 28, 1862, U.
S. N.,
on the "North Carolina;"
charged.
Peter Silvemail, enl. Oct. 21, lf02, 1591h Regt., Co. E.
I. I'liiss, eul. Aug. 20, 1862, l'28th Begt, Co. K; died in the servic*. William Park, enl. 128tli Begt, Co. D. Samuel Parke, enl. Sept. 11, 1802, 169th Begt, Co. A. Joaeph Patterson, enl. Sept 22, 1802, 150th Regt., Co C. Joliu Plass died near Wasliingtun, and bruuglit home fur burial. Peter Plass, euL Aug. 1864, 128lh Regt David Post.
;
Franklin U. Traver, orderly sergt. enl. Aug. 2,1802,128th Regi., July 26, 1805. George Traver, enl. Sept. 1862, 169th Regt
;
<,o.
A;
disch.
Henry S. Tiaver, enl. Aug. 6, I8C2, 128th Regt, Co. A; detailed for hospitul scrMce; dlsch. 1865. Moses Thomns, enl. .Vug. 1802, 128lh Regt, Co. A; diacb. July 20, 1805.
Peter Post Samuel Phillips, enl. Sept. 1803. Wm. Price, enb Jan. 1804; disch. close of Ihe war. Edward Roberts, enl. Aug. 1602, 1231b Itegt, Co. K;
dic<l
at Port
Hudson,
July
4,
ISKI.
Wm. H. Talor, enl. 1802, lC7tli B-gt Wm. W. Tape, enl. 1802, 107th Begt.
Wealey Tanner, enl. 1862, 107lh Regt Franklin W. Tyler, enl. Jan. 4, 1804, lOtb Art. Jacob Van Bramer, enl. July, 1802, :t7th Regt died soon after the war. Francis Van Uoeseu, enl. Sept. 22, 1802, 169th Uegt., Co. G; trans, to Co.
;
Jonalhan J. Race, cnl. Sept. 15, 1802, 169th Regt., Co. A. Cbiirles Bankine, enl. Sept. 12, 1802, 169lh Begt, Co. A. Bobert Race, enl. 107th Regt
Cornelius Stecklea, enl. Oct.
7,
1862, 128lh Regt., Co. D.
Joseph Snyder, eul. Sept. 3, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. A. Wm. Sundeman, enl. Aug. 26, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. K.
John H. Smith,
enl.
Aug.
10, 1862, 128tb
Regt, Co.
died May, 1862, at Salis-
disch. for disiibiliey, Mjiy, 1804.
Jiicob L. V.iu Uoesen, eul.

1863.
Giirret S.
Sipt
1802, 159lh
Begt
disch. for disabilily,
March,
bury prison, of starvation. Charles C. Spencer, enl. 128lh Regt
Van Hoesen, enl. Sept 9, 1802, 159lh Regt., Co. A. Lewis Vanght, enl. Oct. 10, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. A.
James Stewart, eul. Sept. 6, 1862, 159tli Regt, Co. A. Henry C. Smith, enl. Sept 20, 1862. 159th Regt., Co. C.
George A. Shufelt,
at buttle of Irish
enl. Jan. 28, 1804, 0th Cav.
Henry
D. Wolf, enl. Sept. 11, 1802, 159lh

La., April 14, 1803.
Rrgt, Co. D; killed
Nicholas Shultis.
Bend,
Joseph Way, enl. Sept 1862, lo9th Bogt. Wm. Waltermlre, capl.; enl. 1803, loOlh Begt., Co. E; pro. to maj., 1863; lleutcol., 1864; col,1865; disch. Oct 12, 1865. Charles II. Wilbnr, enl. 1862, 5lh Cav. Frederick B. Wheeler, enl. 1802, 167lh Regt. David E. Wallermire, Corp.; enl. Sept. 10, 1862, 169th Regt., Co. E; discli Oct
12, 1805.
John Swetsader, enl. 1801,24th Regt. Delbert Vandiieen, enl. Sept 6, 1862,
Ellas Vandusen.
pro. 2d lieut 2eth U.S. Coloreil Troops.

169tli Regt., Co. A.
George T. White,
enl. 128th Regt.

9, 1862,
Philip Wallace, enl. Sept
169lh Regt, Co. A.
Myron Wheeler,
cnl. Sept. 17, 1862, 159th
Regt, Co. A.
Joseph W. Wilbur,
enl. Jan. 4, 1864, 10th
Art
;
UeuD- William.^ enl. Aug. 2, 1SC2, l:;8tli K,-gt., Co. .\ disch. July 26, 1805. George W. Whitemnn, enl. Aug. 2, 1802, 12tli Regt Co. A disch. for disability,
, ;
HILLSDALE.
Wm.
II.
Allen, eul. 44tli

cnl.
Regt;
killed at Fair Oaks,
April
111,
180:1.
Henry A. Austin,
Aug.
14, 1362,
128th Regt., Co.
Va K
died in the
George Williams, eul. Sept 29, 1802, i691h Regt., Co. G. Wm. 11. Watson, col.; enl. Sept 17, 1863, 14th B. I. H. Art.;
186S.
Jiinies IF. Allen, cnl. Si-pt 18, 1861, 9lBt
Regt, Co. U.
disch. Oct
25
Seneca D. Brown, enl. 44lh Regt Allien M. UrainarU, enl. 4gih Mass.
Thomas
Bruce, 1st lieut.
pro. to cupt.

MoKes
L. Drace.
enl. U. S.
NEW
YORK.
429
Alonzo Pepoon.
Navy.
Daniel Pultz.
Philip B>cker, J
Jaiiies Bcrina.
Jerume Boll, Lord Breeze,

Joel Bradley,
ei
1. I.
Sept. 18, 1861, 9l8t Begt., Co. H.
er
ei II.
1.
Sept Not.
Noi.
;
18, 1801, 9l8t Regt., Co.
H.'
25, 1861,
Mat
Kegt., Co. H.
John Batler, ei John B. Collins
10, 1862, lof.tli Regl., Co. I.
George A. Palmer. Daniel Prior, enl. Sept 18, 1861, Olst Begt., Co. H. Frederick R. Proper, enl. Sept 18, 1801, Olst Regt., Co. H. George H. Palmateer, enl. Sept 18, 1861, Olat Regt, Co. E. George F. Remington, enl. 1st Conn. Battery.
capt.
enl. Sept. 18, 1861, Olst Kegt., Co.
pro. to the office
Frank
B. Schutt, enl. 44th Begt.
of maj. 5 ibsequently by Gov. Seymoar. A. Frank B. Cli nee, enl. May, lliGl, Htli Kegt., Co. K. John F. Cliatte ton, 1st lieut. enl. Olst Regt. Chnrles Campbell, ll. Olst Eegt.
;
Martin Schutt, enl. 128lh Regt William B. Sherman, enl. 128th Regt. Stephen Sclintt, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E. John T. Sherwood, enl. Oct 8, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. E.
James A. Conklin,
!
I.
12lh Cav,
Edwin Smith.
George A. Smith,
enl. 2d Sharpshooters.
Jamei Ciillaghan, enl. Ang. 9, 1802, 128tli Begt., Co. E. James Callihoe. John K. Cullen, enl. Way, 1861, 14th Regt, Co. K. Ronben Coons, Corp. enl. Sept. 28, 1861, 9l8t Begt., Co. H. Henry Champion, enl. Oct. 5, 1801, 9lBt Regt,, Co. H. John Corcoran, enl. Nov. 8, 1802, 100th Regt., C^. I.
;
John W. Shepard. William R. Showerman, enl. Sept. 1862, 128th Regt., Sylvanus Snyder, enl. May, 1861, 14th Regt., Co. K. Peter Snyder, enl. Sept 18, 1861, 9Ist Begt., Co. H.
Stephen L. Schntt, enl. 128th Regt. Charles H. Sperry.
;
Co.
E;
killed.
died
iji
the service.
Wm.
H. Carroll, enl. Nov. 29, 1802, I2th Cav., Co. C.

enl.
Win. K. Crawford,
Aug
22, 1802, 128th
RegL,
Co.
died in asrvice.
James Danim.", enl. 14tli Regt. Henry Duncan, enl. 12th Cav. Fjimund Decker, enl. lo9th Begt. Henry Duncan, enl. 4th Cav.
Chandler
C. Dresser, enl. Sept. 18, 1861, 9lBt Regt., Co.
Samuel J. Speed, enl. Nov. Jeremiah Shufelt.

laaac Slierman, enl.
4,
1801, 9l8t Regt., Co.
H.
Oct 17, 1861, 91et Regt., Co. H. Alexander Snyder, enl. Oct 4, 1801, 91at Regt, Co. I.
H;
trans, to
Vet
Res.
Joh
Nelson Stalker, enl. Sept 16, 1801, 91et Begt., Co. I. Thorpe, enl. Oct 14, 1802, 159lh Eegt, Co. E.
1
Corp*.
Hoffman
S.
Dorchester, farrier; enl. 12th Cav.
died in prison-pen, at Ander-
Thomss Tribilcox, enl. 18th Regt. Henry Traver, enl. 12th Cav.
Abrani I. Vanderpoel, enl. 44th Regt. killed. George Whiteman, enl. 44tli Regt William H. Woodbridge, enl. 44th Regt; died at Washington, D. C William 11. Whitbeck, enl. 128th Regt. Stephen H. Whitbeck, enl. Aug. 15, 1802, 128th Regt., Co. E. Egbert Webster, enl. Oct. 4, 1802, 159th Begt, Co. E.
;
son ville.Ga.
Wm.
Dennis, enl. 34th Mass.; died.

at Fair Oaks, Va.
Ambrose J. Fellows, enl. 44th Regt Henry Fellows, enl. 44lh Regt. killed John Flinn, enl. 128th Begt
;
Hugh
FlannigaD.
John Field. John Finkle, enl. Oct 25, 1861, 91st Regt Co. H. Henry Fields, enl. Sept. 18, 1801, Olst Regt, Co. H. John W. Frederick, enl. Oct. 5, 1801, 9lst Begt., Co. H.
,
John W. Winchell,
enl. 159th Regt.

1st
William H. Woodin, Iht Ueut; enl.

Frederick Wernor, enl. Nov.
Sharpshooters.
0, 1862,
15Clh Regt, Co. H.
Frederick Gulon, enl. Sept. 22, 1802, 159tli Regt., Co. E.

Calvin Gnnn, enl. Nov. 6, 1802, 12th Cav., Co. B. Patrick Gibbons, enl. Oct 10,1861, 9lBt Begt., Co.
I.
KINDERHOOK.
Andrew Abrams, Corp. John Abnima, Jr., corp.
;
Benjamin House, enl. U. S. Navy. John Hall, enl. Dec. 7, 1801, Olst Regt., Co. H. Henry L. House, Corp.; enl. Sept. 28, 1861, 9lBt Regt., Co. H. L. P. Hagedorn, drummer enl. Sept 18, 1861, 91st Begt., Co. H. Wesley Holsapple, enl. Oct. 25, 1801, 9lBt Begt, Co. H. John Jackson, enl. Sept 19, 1861, 91st Regt, Co. H.
;
enl.
;
enl.
May May
14, 1861, 14, 1801,
30th Regt., Co.
30th Begt., Co.
K discharged. K pro. sergt. dis; ; ;
charged; re-nl. 61st Mass.
John Adams, enl. May 14, 1861, 30th Regt., Co. K. Sylvester J. Adams, enl. Aug. 13, 1864, 150th Regt.
George Abrams,
enl.
Isaac Jacubson, enl. Sept. 26, 1861, 91st Begt., Co.

Cliarles Kells, enl. 128lh
Aug.
30, 1864, Olat Begt., Co. I.

2,
Theodore Kells, enl. Charles Kent. Charl.-s H. Kelz.
Regt 128tb Regt
John E. Avery, enl. Sept. John A. Abbolt, enl. Oct Silaa B. Adama, enl. Nov.
Smith Baldwin,
Cav.
Gilbert
;
1864, Olat Regt., Co.
16, 1802, 159lh
E; discharged. Regt, Co. G.
24, 1802, 4th Cav., Co. I.
enl. .May 14, 1801, 30th Regt., Co.
discharged; re-cni. 21et
Freeman Kellerhonse.
Charles Lacy, enl. Aug. 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E. Rensselaer Lester, enl. Sept. 18, 1SC2, 12th Cav., Co. C. Eli Lasher.
discharged.
;
W.
Becker, lat lieut
enl.
May
14, 1861, 30tli Regt., Co.
diacliargcil
Dc>-.
commissioned captain 2d Vet. Cav.; brevctted major; diacliaiged

10, 1805.
Jacob Lape, enl. Sept 18, 1801, Olst Regt., Co. H. William J. Lord, enl. Oct 4, 1861, Olst Begt, C. H.
Charles J. Lord, enl. Sept.
18, 1861, Olst
Theodore Bookman,
lat lieut
;
enl. April, 1801, 30th
Regt,
Co.
K
;
pro. sergt, 2d lint.,
discharged; re-enl. March 23, 1804,
13tli Art.;
discharged.
;
Begt., Co. U.
Bigford Butler, enl.
May
14, 1861, 30th
Begt, Co.
pro. Corp.
died in the
William Leeds,
enl. Nov. 10, 1662, 156th Regt., Co.
U.
service Nov. 25, 1801.
Henry Melius,
enl. Olat
Regt
18, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. E.
Frcderirk G. Bulkl-y, enl.

2d
Peter B. Melins, enl. May, 1801, 14th Regt., Co. K.
Vet
30lh Regt, Co. Cav., Aug. 17, 1803; discharged.

14, 1801,
May
dischiirged
re-enl.
Orson A. Miller, enl. Sept
James Boyle,
enl. 30th Regt., Co.
discharged for disability, and afterwards
Robert McCracken,
enl. Sept. 29, 1802, 159lli Regt., Co.
woundol
at Port
died.
Hudson
died on his
way
6,
to
Washington.
Michael Boyle.
Charlea A. Burt, capt.; enl. Sept. 12, 1801, Olat Begt., Co. col. 169th Regl.
I.;
Lonnanl Michaels,
enl. 159th
Regt.
1802, 12th Cav., Co. B.
6. 1802,
brevetted to lient-
S;imuel Moifleld, enl. Nov.
George A. Maxflelil,
enl.
Nor.
12th Cav., C. B.
William BInna,
re-enl.
enl. .May 14, 1801, 3nth Regt.,
Co K; discharged
for diaabilily
Henry P. Merrill, James Moore.
enl.
Sept
18, 1861, Olst
Regt, Co. H.
Oct
1804, 5Cth Regl.
Oiarl.'S E. Decker, enl. Sept. 4, 1802, 128th

2,
Regt, Co. E; discharged.

Co. C.
pro. sergt.
;
Charles H. Moore, enl. Aug.
1802, 128lh Regt., Co. E.
Casper Matt, enl. 159lh Begt David A. Moore, sergt.; enl. Sept
30, 1861,91st Regt., Co.
H.
re-enl. Jan. 6,
John Burden, enl. Dec. 15, 1803, 2d Art. William H. Beekman, enl. Dec. 7, 1863, 2Clh Regl. U. S. C. T., Peter Bristol, enl. Dec. 7, 1803, 26lh Begt U. S. C. T., Co. C;
; ;
dis-
John Moon,
enl. Oct. 20, 1861, Olat enl.
Regt, Co. H.
Co.
Franklin Miller,
Oct 28,1861, 91at Regt.,

17, 1801, Olat
H;
diach.
1864, 159th Regt., Co. G.
John McGovem, enl. Oct Abner P. Norton, killed.

Gilbert Oakley, killed.
Best, Co. H.
John T Binns, enl. Aug. 29. 1804, Olst Begt., Co. A discharged. John Bell, enl. Aug. 20, 1804, 9l8t Ri-gt, Co. A discharged. John J. Blackledge, enl. Aug. 20, 18114, Olst Regt, Co. E; pro. to corp
;
to
sergt;
dLschurged.
Wm.
Regt.
;
Buckley,
I'av.
enl.
Nov. 1862, 1st Cav.; re-enl. 14lh VaIV.

l.l,
discharged.
David
II. Piillz, enl. 12Stli
died at
home
soon after return.
Louis Bauer, enl. Sept

;
1802,
l.'jOlh
Rei;t, Co.
V.
re- enl. 1.S03, lit
New Jersey
James rlatner,
enl.
Aug. 1602,
;
128lli R.gt., Co. G.
iliitharged.
1,
Charies Pryor, musician
enl.
Oct
29, 1862, 159lli
Regt, Co. G.
Potter Burton, enl. Sept. N.

('.,
1S04, 51st
Regt
died in
r t^bel
prison at Salisbury,
George A. Putnam,
Wi.lU-r Phelps.
enl. Oct. 20, 1.S02, U. S.
Reg.
Feb. 1804.
IKia, 4'Jlh Regt.
Horace Pryor, Jr., enl. Aug. John U. Proper, enl. Sept.

Albany, N. Y.
25, 1862, 12Sth Rejit, Co.

18, 1861, Olat Regt., Co.
died in service.
;
Lewis Bi-ll, enl. Samuel Boll.
died in hospital at
Edwanl
Bropliy, enl. Sept 10, 1802, 159tb Begt, Co.
to Co.
dis-
charged.
;;
; ;.
430
Win.
S.

Beeknian, 1st lieut
;
NEW YORK.
enl. Jan. 1, 1862, 20th Begt.; re-enl., 90tb Begt.
James
Filkins, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. .
pro. capt. ; wounded discharged. Albert H. Bruce, orderly sergt.; enl. Sept. 15, 1862, 159th Begt, Co. G; disch. Bernard Bennett, enl. Aug. i, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. E ; discharged.
Thomas Garrigan,
Thomas Greany,
Joseph Green,
1863.
enl. 37th Regt. Charles Guildersteeve, enl. 40th Regt

enl.
May
14, 1861,
30th Regt., Co.
killed at second battle of
Thomas Bannon,
1863.
enl. Sept. 22, 1362, 159th Regt.. Co. G.

;
Bnll Run, Aug. 30, 18612.

enl. Oct. 1861, 9l8t Regt.
;
Charles Carpenter, enl. 1862, 44th Regt.
died of wounds at Gettyeburg, July,
died of wounds at Port Hudson, June,
John H. Chnee, enl. 7th Maine killed at battle of the Wilderness. Samnel W. Carpenter, enl. 7th Begt. served full term dlschargeii.
;
William Groesbeck, enl. Ûy 14, 1861, 30th Begt., Co. K. Levi Geroe, enl. Sept 14, 1862, 128th Regt. Co. A; died at Baton Rouge, La.,
;
Troman
Clapper, enl.
;
May
14, 18C1,
30th Kegt., Co.
pro. orderly sergt.
dis-
Sept.
5,
1863.
charged
re-nl.
Sept
12, 1863,
2d Vet. Cav., Co. I; killed at
Kane River
Edward G.
Gaines, enl. Sept. 4, 1802, 123th Regt., Co. E; discharged.

4,
Crossing, April 21, 18G4.
Cornelius Garvey, enl. Sept.
1802. 128th Regt., Co.
E;
pro. corp.
trans. Vet.
Abraham
Chase, enl. 5th Maine; died of
wounds received
at
South Mountain.
Res. Corps; disch. for disability.
Daniel Caton, enl. 43d Regt.
Francis Gardner, enl Dec.
12, 1863,
26th U.
S.
Colored Troopi, Co. C
discharged
Wni. H. Chase,
Clark
Claflln.
E; discharged.
John Gaffney,
enl. .Tan. 4, 1804,
16th Art.
John Clark, enL 125tb Regt.

George Coons,
enl.
onl.
John Cooney,
Hill
Daniel Conner, enl.

:
May 14, 1861, 30th Kegt., Co. K. May 14, 1861, 30tli Regt Co. K. May 14, 1861, 30th Regt., Co. K
, ;
taken prisoner at Flint
paroled
re-enl.
Aug.
4, 1862,
128th Regt., Co. E.
Jeremiah Crow. Wm. Crow, enl. June,
William Gedhill, enl. Feb. 6, 1864, 6th Cav. William Goldsmith, enl. Dec. 9, 186:1, 16th Art Jacob Green, enl. Aug. 30, 1864, Olst Beit, Co. E; disch. Jnno 19, I860. Martin M. Garner, enl. Oct. 1862, 159th Begt; pro. sergt. discharged. George Hallows, enl. 30tli Begt., Co. K. Peter Hallows, enl. May 14, 1801, 3Uth Begt, Co. E; discharged; re-enl. Vet. Ecs. Corps in 1864.
;
1861, 72d Regt.
Jamea Coupoe,
enl. Sept. 4, 1S82, 128th
May
27, 1863; discharged; re-enl.
Wm. H. Chaae, Jr., enl. Sept. 4, Albert Clark, enl. June 12, 1861, 30th Begt., Co. K dischnrged ro-enl. June 29, 1863, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. 1 taken prisoner nt Pensacola, Fla. exchanged
; ;
killed at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. Kegt, Co. E; wounded at Port Hudson, July 8, 1863, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. I. 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E; discharged.
;
John Hart, enl. May 14, 1861, 30th Begt., Co. K. Henry Hudson, enl. May 14, 1861, 30tli Begt., Co. K.
Allen Hinchliff, enl.
May
14, 1861,
30th Regt., Co.
K;
disoh.
;
June, 1863.
discharged.
Patrick Curburt, enl. Dec.
7,
1863,16th Art., Co.
discharged.
Lambert J. Hubbel, enl. Sept. 4, 180-2, 128th Begt, Co. B disch. for disability, March 2, 18a3. John L. Uendrick, enl. Sept 4, 1862, 128lh Begt., Co. E discharged. Edward M. Hlnman, enl. Sept 4, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. E discharged. Wm. H. Hunt, enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. E discharged.
; ; ;
Wm.
L. Caiaeld, enl. Dec. 31, 186:), 16th Art.
Nlles Hover, enl. July 17, 1863, 2d
Vet
Cav., Co.
I.
Charles W. Carman, enl. Jan. 1, 1804, 2l3t Cav. Joseph E. Cronk, enl. Jan. 14, 1864, 21st Cav. had served in a Massachnsetta
;
Wm. S.
Hinkle, enl. Dec. 28, 1863, 2l8t Cav.

29, 1864, 9Ist Begt.; Co. I 25, 1864, 91st
;
regiment.
Ransom Ham, enl. Aug. Monroe Ham, enl. Aug.

John Henderson,
enl.
discharged.
;
Alexander Chambers, enl. Aug. 30, 18G4, 9lst Regt., Co. A discharged. Isaac Cornelius, enl. Aug. 29, 1804, 91"t Begt., Co. A. Samnel E. Carpenter, enl. Aug. 24, 1864, 91st Begt., Co. I discharged. Joseph Chambers, enl. Sept. 2, 1804, Olst B'gt., Co. E; discharged. Benjamin Courts, enl. Nov. 18, 1861, 0th Oiv.; discharged. Albert Coffln, enl. Nov. 1864, 63th Regt.; tnini. to 9CIh Begt.; di:icliarged. Peter Coffln, enl. Oct. 1863, 2d New Hampshire.
; ;
Aug.
24, 1864, 91st
Begt, Co. A discharged. Begt, Co. A discharged.

;
Ji.hn
I.
Conner, enl. Sept.
22, 1864, Olst
Begt.
Benssebier Coons, enl. Aug.
12, 1861, Olst
Begt.
d'sclmrgcd.
Dennis Hinchey, enl. Sept. 5,1864, 91st Regt., Co. I; discharged. George D. Henries, enl. Aug. 22, 1804, 91st Begt, Co. E disch. June 19, 1865. George W. Hinman, enl. Ang. 31, 1864, 9l8t Begt., Co. E discharged. Bobert 3. Harrnp. enl. Sept 4, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E; disch. July 12, 1865. John Hennessy, enl. Sept. 12, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. G. Patrick Hore, enl. Sept 15, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. G. George Haines, enl. Aug. 10, 1861, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. I. James Johnson, enl. May 14, 1861, 30th Re^t., Co. E discharged re-enl. Dec.
; ; ;
;
Frank Coventry,
enl. Sept. 25, 1862, 159th Regt., Cu.
E; iippoinlod colonel's
discharged.
28, 1863, 21st Cav.
orderly; discharged,
Harvey
128th Regt.; pro. sergt.
;
L. Jones, enl.
May
14, 1861,
30th Regt., Co.
discharged
re-enl.
Feb.
James
E. Clark, enl.
Aug.
Nov.
11, 1862,
18e4, 6lh Cav.
Clarence Cliapin, enl. Sept.
17, 1802, 159tli Kegt., Co.
D.
James Jackson,
Bobert Johnson,
enl. Dec. 31, 1863, 2Sth
U.S. Colored Troops, Co. C; discharged.

;
Stephen
Coffee, enl.
17, 1862, 29, 1863,
4lh
Ciiv.,
Co.
I.
I.
enl. Dec. 29, 1863, 21st Cav.
re-enl.
Aug.
6,
1864, 150th Begt.
James Crance,
Joseph Dahm,
enl.
June
2d
Vet
Cav., Co.
died at Philadelphia on his
way homo.
;
enl. April, 1861, 1st
Conn. Begt, Co.

;
Jiimes H. Davis, enl.
May
14, 1861, 3"tli
dUch. for
;
disability.
Charles H. Jones, enl. June 16, 1861 re-enl. Jan. 28,1864, 6th Cav. Benjamin Jones, enl. Sept 2, 1864, 9l8t Begt., Co. A ; discharged.
Philip Johnson, enl. Jan.
1, 1804,
Nicliolas Decker, enl. 30th Kegt., Co.
rtsch. for disability
re-enl. 47th
;
Begt
16th
Art
Charles L. Dearborn, enl. Sept
4, 1862,
128th Regt, Co.
pro. Corp.
disch.
David B. Dennis,
enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co.
E; discharged.
John Decker, enl. Sept 4, 1862, 128th Bi'gt, Co. E; discharged. Ralph Denn, onl. Sept 4,1862, 128th Regt, Co. ; discharged.
Leonard A. Dixon,
enl. Dec. 12, 1863, 26th Begt. U. S. Colored Troops, Co. C.
eul. Aug. 19, 1861, 2a Vet Cav., Co. I. William Kingsley, enl. Sept 17, 1861, 43d Begt., Co. B. John H. Kipp, enl. 34th Maes.
John Johnson,
Patrick Kelly, enl. Sept
4, 1862,
128th Begt., Co. E.
Leonard Kline,
Hill
enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128th

4,
John Dahm,
vllle,
enl. Jan. 6, 1864, 150th Begt.; prisoner five
monlhs
at Anderson.
Elijah Kenicuttenl. Sept

;
Ga.; discharged.
enl. Jan. 1,1864, 21et enl.
John Dunn,
Cav.
Caspar Dahm.
Aug.
24, 1864, 9l8t Regt., Co.

1,
disch.
Juno
19, 1865.
James Kelly, enl. Sept 4, Augustus Keegan, enl. Dec.

Peter H. Kittle, enl. Dec.
7,
Begt, Co. E; discharged. Regt, Co. E; wounded at Fisher's and died soon after. 1862, 128tli Regt, Co. E; discharged.
1862, 128lh
15, 1863,
2d
Art
discharged.
Frederick Danhizel, enl. Sept.
1864, Olst Regt., Co.
E; discharged.
1861, 26th V. S. Colored Troops, Co. C.

;
Wm.
n. Dennis, enl. Aug. 30, 1804, Olst Regt., Co. E; discharged. Lambert Diiigman, sergt. ; enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 169th Regt , Co. G ; discharged.
Amos
Kipp, enl. Jan.
4, 1864, 16th Art
John Diily, enl. Sept. 22, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. G. John Develln, enl. Sept 17, 1862, 1.59th Begt, Co, G. Charles A. Evans, 2d lieut enl. Dec. 5, 1861, Olh Civ.;
;
Reuben KIlue, enl. Jan. '21, 1804, 2l8t Cav. John Kennicutt, enl. Ang. 30, 1864, 91st Regt, Co. I discharged. John Kelts, enl. Aug. 22, 1804, 91^1 Ri-gt, Co. E; discharged.
;
pro. to capt; dis-
Elijah Kenicutt Jr., enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E.
charged.
Ephraim A.
Earl, corp:; enl.
Sept
4, 1802,
128th Begt., Co. E;
discharged for
James Lee, enl. 91st Begt John Lampman, serg. enl. May
;
14, 1861,
30th Regt, Co.
K; discharged
for
disability.
disability.
George Evans,
enl. 9l8t Begt., Co. E.
John W.
Elliott, enl.
Aug.
2, 1864,
U.
S.
N.
Charles Fairchild, enl.
William Fairchild,
1st D.
enl.
May 14, 1801, 30th Begt, Co. K. May 14, 1861, 30th Regt, Co. K;
14, 1861,
Henry Lowe, enl. May 14, 1801, 30th Regt, Co. K; discharged and re-enlisted. Abraham W. Link, onl. Nov. 18, 1861, 0th Cav. disch. for disability re-eul. Sept. 19. 1864,91st Begt
;
;
discharged; re-enl.
William Lafferly,
enl.
C;
served four years.

30Ih Regt, Co. K.
Regt., Co.
John
Lafferty, onl.
Sept Sept 4,
4,
1862, 128th Begt., Co. E.
1862, 128th Begt., Co.
E; wounded at Fisher's Hill

to corporal
Henry Fnlmsbee, enl. May Samuel Foesmire, enl. 30th

Cav.
;
diechargcd.
re-enl. Dec. 22, 1863, 21st
K;
discharged
Silas
Lown,
onl. Feb. 13, 1804, 13th Art.;
promoted
;
discharged.
died at home.
David
Austin Fairchild, teamster; enl. Sept 4, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. E; discharged. Martin F. Filkins, enl. .Sept 4, 1862, 128tli Regt, Co. E; disch. for disability. Wm. Fredericks, enl. Nov. 1863, 2d Vet Cav.; pro. corpornl. John Fogarty, enl. Oct 1861, 128th Regt; disch. for disability, and died at
T. Lear, enl. Sept 1, 1864, 2d Vet Cav. discharged. Isaac J. Loomis, sergt of marines on steamer " Vanderbilt," enl. Nov. 13, 1832;
discharged.
Patrick Lalor, enl. Nov. 14, 1802, 4th Civ., Co.

Jaraos Mokcly, sergt
;
I.
enl. JLiy 14, 1801, 30th
Begt, Co. K; disch.
for disalillity.
Hudson, N.
Y.,
Oct
1803.
Charies Martsh, enl.
John
Freilericks, enl. Jan. 1804, 2l8t Cav.; disch. for di.mbility.
Alfred Fredericks, enl. Sept 18&3, lOlh Art; discharged. Edward Fredericks, enl. 1861, 44lh Regt; died of wounds received at second Bull Run.
Edward Mason, enl. John Merrilt, drummer; enl. 14th Regt, Co. I. John McAllaater, enl. May 14, 1861, 3(Hh Begt, John Mesick, drummer; enl. Olst Regt
May 14, 1861, 3(ltli Begt., Co. K; May 14, 1801, :'.Oth Bfgt, Co. K.
Co. K.
disch.; re-onl. 97th Begt.
; ;

Charles Mooje, drummer; enl.
re-eul.
NEW
YORK.
22, 1863, 26th U. S. C. T., Co.
431
May
14,1861, 30th Kegt, Co.
discharged;
Darid Springstun, euL Dec.

vice.
C; died
in.
the ser-
July
8, 1863,
2d Vet. Cav., Co. I; discharged.
James Murphj,
enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128th
Regt^ Co.
Thomas Miited,
enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128lh Begt.,
E Co. E
discharged.
;
discharged for disahllity
Dec. 29, 1803, 20th U. S. C. William A. Stoulker, enl. Jan. 4, 1864, 21st Cav.
enl.
Henry Shoemaker,
F.
T,
Co. C; disch.
died soon a/ter.
Thomas
Simmons,
eul. Jan. 4, 1864, 20th U. S. C. T.
George Marqnart, enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128Ui EegL, Co. E; discharged. Jonas Miller, enl. Sept 4, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. ; wounded at Fort Hndson;
discharged.
Bobert Seism,
enl. Jan. 6, 1864, 21st Cav. eul. .Jan. 1, 1864, 2Ist Car.
James H. Sherman,
Peter H. Mclutjrre, enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. E; discharged. Napoleon Marto, enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128th Begt, Co. B; discharged. John F. Mclntyre, enl. Sept 4, 1862, 128lh Begt., Co. E killed at Port HndsoD,
;
Michael StelDback. enl. Jan. 8. 1804, 6th Cav. Henry P. Smith, enl. Jan. 8, 1864, Otii Cav.; disch. Aug. 9, 1805. Robert V. D. Salmon, enl. May 14, 1861, 30th Begt, Co. K disch.; appointed paymaster's clerk in U.S. N.; died Feb. 12, 1864.
;
Miss.,
May
27, 1863. 12, 1863, 26th U. S. Col. Troops, Co. C.
John H. Moore, enl. Dec. John Mickel, enl. Dec. 7,

Peter Mesick, enl.
Edward H. Salsbury, enl. 7th Regt Henry Schermerhorn, enl. May 14,
Vet. Cav., Co.
I,
1801, 30th Begt., Co.
disch.
re-enl.
2d
1803, 26th U.
S CoL Troops, Co. C; discharged.

discli. fur disability.
Aug.
24, 1803.
Dec 31,
1863, 26th U. S. Col. Troops, Co. C; discharged.

G, 1864,
Ambrose
Scitcer.
Peter McNnmara, enl. Jan.
128th Begt.
Joseph Scofleld, enl.

taken prisoner
Ira Shattick, enl.
May
;
14, 1801,
30th Begt.,
d. K
disch.
re-enl. 7th
Regt
Lawrence Miller, enl. Jan. 8, 1664, 16th Art.; discli. for disability. Anthony MIxted, enl. Jan. 8, 1864, 16lh Art. disch. for disability. Albert M. Moore, eiil. Jan. 23, 1864, Gth Cav. Peter H. McCagg, enl. 1862, 6th Cav.; re-enl. Jan. 28, 1804. Edward McCagg, enl. Dec. 9, 1363, 16tb Art Henry Marshall, enl. Auj;. 13, 1864, 150th Begt. John Malone, enl. Aug. 27, 1864, 91st Begt, Co. A bad served in 168th Begt
;
died of starvation at Andersonville, Ga.

14, 1801,
May
30th Begt., Co. K.

30th Begt, Co. K.
George Shaver,
eul. 128th Begt.
Martin Skinkle, enl.
May
14, 1861,
Simon
Sister, enl. April, 1861, 30th Begt., Co.
died in hospital, at Albany,
before muster.
James Smith,
enl.
May
enl.
14, 1861, 30th
Begt., Co.
disch.
died at Vahitie,
in 1862.
Feb. 22, 1862.
Patrick McCarty, enl. Aug. 29, 1864, 9lBt Begt., Co.
discharged.
killed at Five Forks,
Edward Stephens,
May
14, 186L, 30tb
Begt, Co.
disch.
re-enl. 2d
Vet
Martin McKiiiney,
Vk., April
1,
enl.
Aug.
29, 1864, 9l8t
Begt, Co. A;
Cav.; discharged.
1865.
Henry
I,.
Stickles, enl.
May
14, 1801, 30th

;
Begt, Co. K;
;
disch.; re-enl. 159lh
Patrick Maloy, enl. Aug. 31, 1864, 91t Begt, Co. A. Charles E. Nichols, enl. April, 1861, 30th Begt., Co.
Vet. CoriM, Sept
7,
discharged; re-onl. 2d
;
1803
promoted
to ortlirly
sergt
wounded
at
2d Bull
Regt, Sept 29, 1802, (3o. G transf. to Co. K discharged. Dennis Sullivan, enl. 1801, 30th Regt, Co. K killed at Voialie, by fulling from rocks, near Beaver Mills, before muster.
;
Run
discharged.
enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128tli Begt., Co.
Theodore Nevin,
K
;
Albeit Snyder, enl. Feb. 24, 1861, 77lh Begt., Co. F; re-enl. Jan. 29, 1804; wounded ; discharged.
James E. Niver, enl. Dec. 23, 1803, 20th U. S. Cul. Troops, C. C discharged. Hiram D. Nichols, enl. Jan. 12, 1804, 128lh Begt., Co. K disih. for .Usability. Isaac NevinburgU, euL Aug. 24, 1864, 91st Begt., Co. E discharged.
; ;
Frederick Nichols, enl. Jan.
12, 1864,
128th Begt, Co. E;

;
dl<
barged.
James Norton, enl. Aug. 29, 1864, 159th Begt. died in rebel N. C, Feb. 3, 1865. Cyras W. Noaia, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, 2d Vet Cav., Co. L
Robert P. Osborne, enl. Sept 1864, 9lst Begt.; discharged. William Ostrander, enl. Sept 29, 1801, 9l8t Begt, Co. L
prison, at Salisbury,
Abram
Palmaller, sergt.; enl.
May
14,1861,30th Begt, Co.
K; pn mnted
to
Henry Stevens, enl. Feb. 15, 1804, l:ith Art John T. Skinkle, eul. Aug. 27, 1804, 9l8t Regt, Co. A; wounded discharged. John A. Sharp, enl. Aug. 25, 1804, 91st Begt, Co. A discharged. John Stevenson, enl. Aug. 29, 1864, 91st Begt., Co. A discharged. Albert L. Smith, enl. Aug. 29, 1804, 91st Begt., Co. A. John Sheldon, eul. Aug. 29, 1804, 91st Begt., Co. A discharged. Thomas Seery, eul. Sept 3, 1864, 91st Begt., Co. I; discharged. Peter Stiles, enl. Ang. 27, 1802, 91et Begt, Co. E; discharged. John F. Sharp, enl. Aug. 22, 1864, 9lBt Regt, Co. E discharged. John H. Schermerhoru, enl. Ang. 22, 1864, 91st R'gt., Co. E; disch. June 10,
; ;
; ; ;
orderly seriit; wounded at 2d Bull Bun, Aug. 30, 1802:
dii'd in hurpital.
1805.
Peter D. Phillips,
enl.
May
14, 1861, 37th
Begt
Charles Scitser, enl. Aug. 30, 1864, 91st Regt, Co. E; discharged.
Bartholomew Fruyn, enl. May 14,1861, 30th Begt., Co. K; discharged; cummissiuned capt 192d Begt, Jan. 19, 1866. William H. Pulver, enl. May, 1861, 2d Begt., Co. K ; disch. for disability re-enl. Ang. 4, 1862, 128th Kegt, Co. E. Thomas Potts, enl. Sept 4, 1862, 12Sth Begt., Co. E; disch. for disability. John W. Pyres, enl. Sept 12, 1863, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. I. Edward Pendlehury, eol. Jan. 18, 1664, 2Ut Cav. had served in the U. S. Navy.
;
;
Adam
T. Scitsor, enl. Aug. 30, 1864, 91st Begt, Co.

enl.
E; discharged.
;
John Schermeriiom,
William
J.
Oct
;
;
1802, 159th Regt.
discharged.
discliarged.
in the
Smy the,
Ist lieut
enl. Sept. 7, 1664, 9lBt Regt.

;
Francis Sanborn, ensign
enl. 1861, U. S. N.
bad served three months
Thomas Shea,
enl.
Oct
13, 1602, I50lh Regt., Co.
G; transf
to Co.
disch.
Francis Pendlehury, enl. Jan.
18, 1864, 2It
Cav.
;
Art; promoted to Corp. prisoner Dine mouths at Andersonville exchanged; discharged. Lucius A. Place, enl. Aug. 16, 1863, 2d Vet. Cuv., Co. I. William Bace. John Buhiwin, enl. May 14, 1861, 30th Begt, Co. K disch.; re-enl. 2d Vet. Cav., Co. I, Sept 7, 1863. August Reiger, enl. Sept. 4, 1802, 128th Begt, Co. E; died at Flaqiiemine, La
William D. Pulver,
enl. 1803, 7th
; ; ,
1863.
Charles E. Reynolds, enl. Sept. 4, 1802, 128th Begt., Co. E; disch. Benjamin Bogera, enl. Sept 4, 1802, 128th Begt Co. E. Dominick Bicbelieu, bugler; enl. Nov. 11, 1861, 6th Cav. disch. for re-enl. Aug. 30, 1864, 91st Begt; disch., musician.
,
;
Rudolph Schultz, enl. Nov. 22, 1862, 4lh Cav., Co. I. Max Schultz, enl. Nov. 24, 1862, 4th Cav., Co. I. Conrad Sagar, enl. Ang. 19, 1863, 2d Vet Cav., Co I. Uriah Schermerhorn, enl. June 29, 1863, 2d Vet. Car., Co. I. George Saxe, enl. July 11, 1863, 2d Vet Cav., Co. I. Jeremiah Shuart, enl. July 17, 1863, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. I. Sebastian Schultz, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E. George Tanner, enl. March 14, 1861, 30th Regt, Co. E disch. for disability died soon after, near Washington, D. C. George Trainer, enl. May 14, 1861, 30th Regt., Co. K pro. Corp., sergt.; disch. Johu Tynan, enl. May 14, 1861, 30th Regt., Co. K discharged. William Thompson, enl. Fob. 27, 1863, 44th Regt, Co. E; dis.h.; re-enl. Aug.
;
; ;
disability
21, 1862,
128lh Regt., Co. E, sergt; transf. to Vet. Res. Corps; disch.

er.l.
Jacob
S.
Trimper,
Sept
4,
1802, 128th
Regt,
Ck).
E; Corp.;
pro. sergt;
Hugh
Beid, enl.
Dec
7,
1803, 10th Art., Co.
K
;
disch.
discharged.
Albert Reynolds, enl. Dec. 31. 1863, 21stCav. had before served in 159th Begt,
Co.
George H. Tipple,
taken prisoner at Cedar
disch.
enl.
eiil.
Robert Baney,
John Bourke,
1,
Aug. 29. Aug. 31,
1864, 9lBt Begt., Co. 1864, 91at
A;
disch.
Begt, Co. A; killed at Five Forks, April
1865.
David Blesdorph, enl. Aug. 22, 1804, 91st Begt, Co. William Bockefeller, enl. Sept 1, 1864, 2d Yet Cav. enil Lyon,^' which was burned at sea.
E
;
disch.
June
S.
19, ISGS.
lost
on
(j.
steamer " Gen-
Creek, Oct 19, 1804; died at Salsbury prison-pen. enl. Dec. 10, 1863, 26th U. S. C. T., Co. C died in the service. Henry Thompson, enl. Dec. 19, 1863, 2Glh U. S. C. T., Co. C; discharged. Jacob H. Thompson, enl. Jan. 2, 1864, 26th U. S. C. T., Co. C. Daniel Thompson, enl. Jan. 1, 1804, 21st Cav. Sidney Timberlin, enl. Sept 1, 1861. 9l3t Regt, Co. I discharged. Jeremiah Turk, enl. Nov. 1803, 2d Vet Cav.; discharged.
George Thompson,
Benjamin Bace,
April
Silas
enl.
Sept
1,
1804, 18Cth
Begt.;
killed at Petersburg, Va.,
2, 1805.
William D. Tanner, enl. Nov. at Winchester; disch.

;
2, 1802,
1591h Regt., Co. 0; pro. Corp.;
wounded
W. Eichmond, enl. Sept. 28, John Riley, enl. Dec 3, 1861, Olh
William Smith,
sergt.
;
1802, 169th Begt., Co. G.
Cav.; re-enl. Dec.

4, 1862,
1,
1863; disch. Aug.
9,
1805.
enl.
Aug.
4,
128th Begt, Co.
E
;
died at (juarautine
Martin Traver, Corp. enl. Sept 23, 1802, 159th Begt., Co. G discharged. John Tborne, eul. Sharpshooters. William W. Thompson, sergt. enl. Nov. 11, 1862, 4th Cav., Co. I.
;
;
Station, La., Dec. 16, 1862.
James Tanner,
enl.
May
14] 1801,
full
30th Begt, Co.
re-enl.
Dec
30, 1803, 2l8t

;
William H. Sharp, William

Scitcer, enl
27, 1803.
eul.
Sept
4,
18C2, 128th Begt., Co.
taken prisoner, Oct

at Port
Cav.
disabled by the
enl.
of his horse in battle of
Piedmont
discharged.
19, 1864; died at Salisbury prison In 1804.

.
Wesley Tanner,
May
14, 1801,
30th Regt, Co.

at Baton Rouge,
K;
disch. for disability;
Sept.
1802, 128th Begt., Co.
E wounded
;
Hudson,
re-enl. 1591h
Regt; wounded
eul. 3Iuy
and died at .New Orleans.
May
Philo Smith, enl. Sept
4, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. E; disch. for disability. David A. Skinkle, enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128th Begt., Ck>. E pro. carp. disch. Henry H. ShufeU, eul. Dec 14, 180.1, 2l8t Cav.; pro. Corp.; accidentally
; ;
John Tripp, enl. Aug. 5, Augustus Vandebogart,

re-eul.
;
1802, li8th Beg., Co. .

14, 1801,
30lh Begt., Co.
dischuiged
discharged.
re-eul.
woui.djd
discli.
Lewis Vandebogart, enl. May 14, 1801, 30th Begt, Co. K; discharged; Aug. 12, 186'., 2d Vet. C-.ii., Co. I.
432
GeuDse W. Van
Charles L.
to

Slj-ck, capt.; enl. Supt. 4, 1862,
NEW
enl.
YORK.
Nov.
2, 1862,
128th Begt, Co. E; discharged.
Jeremiah Kellerhoiise,
Jacob Keller,
after.
159th
Begt; died
of disease in Louis-
Van
Sl.vck, orderly sergt.
eiil.
Sept. 4, 1662, 128th Kegt., Co.
pro.
enl.
2d
lieut., to 1st lient; killed at

;
Port Hudson,
May
27, 1863.
Oct
3, 1862,
159th Begt., Co.
discharged
and died soon
Isaac
Van
D.ck, eergt.
enl. Sept. 4, 1862, 128th Eegl., Co.
pro. to orderly
sergt.; discharged.
Milton Killmer, enL Oct

4,
16, 1862,
159th Regt
Co. I.
Daniel Van Vleck, assist snrg.; enl. Sept. steamer '* Arago," Nov. 21, 1862.
1802, 128th Begt.
died on U. S.
John Vaniandt. enl. Dec 16, 1863, 21st CaT. Charles Tan Alstync, enl. Dec. 7, 1863, 26th U. S. John Van Alstyne, enl. Dec. 29, 1S03, 21at CaT.
G&orge C. Vandebognrt, enl. Dec. 29,
to InToiid Corpa.
186-1,
S. KeUerbouse, enl. Aug. 1862, l'28th Regt, Co. I. Michael Kirby, enl. Jan. 30, 1864, 159th Begt, Co. E. Stephen Lapius, enl. Sept. 20, 1802, 159lb Begt, Co. E.
Col. Troops, Co. C.
2lst Cav.
discb. for disability
sent
Henry Loucks, enl. Sept 8, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. A. John M. Lyons, enl. Sept. 27, 1802, 139th Begt, Co. A. Wm. Lynch, enl. in lS9ib Regt. Oscar Lewis, eul. Jan. 23, 1864, 159th Begt, Co. G.
Peter H. Miller, enl. Sept.
disch.
8, 1862,
George E. Vandebogart,
enl. Dec. 29, 1863, 2l8t Cv.
159th Be^t., Co. A.
enl. Jan. 2, 1864, 2l8t Cav. ; discb. for disability. Frederick Vuiidebogiirt, enl. Jan. 2, 1864, 2l3t CaT. William Vandelxigart, enl. 159lh Regt. Edgar Van Slyck, acting master of ship " Lonlsiana" ; enl. July 19, 1861, U.S. NaTy transferred to " Boanoke,'* at Port Royal, S! C.
John SL ViindebogBrt,
Sylvester C. Miller, enl. Aug. 21,1862,128th Begt, Co. G; pro. corp., sergt.;
James McFarland,
enl. lS9th Begt.
Thomas
B. Miller, musician; enl. Sept. 11, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. A.

,
George H. Van Alstyne, corp. enl. Sept. 19, 1802, 150th Begt., Co. G. Bufus Wagner, enl. April, 1861, 7th Begt.; died at Baltimore. Jervmiah Whitbeck, enl. 1861, 1st Begt., Co. I; discharged; re-enl. Aug.
;
Samuel J. Miller, enl. Oct 28, 1862, 159th Begt Henry Munroe, enl. 159tb Begt.
Jacob H. Melius, enl. Dec. '28, 1863, 159th Regt. John H. Miller, enl. Sept 1862. Byron Melius.
Co. I.
Beivjamin Myers, enl. Sept. 1862, 128th Begt., Co.

19,
disch.
1863, 2J
VeL
Cav., Co. I.
enl.
WiUlum Weismer,
May
14,1861,30th Begt., Co.
K;
died of wounds, at
South MounUin, Ud., Oct. 8, 1862. John L. White, enl. 1861, 30th Regt., Co. K;
Res. Corps.
discb. for disability; reenl. Vet.
Hiram G. Whitney, enl. March 14, 1861, 30th Regt., Co. K; discharged. James Wilkini-on. Augustus W. Wynkoop, enl. June, 1862, 22d Regt.; discharged. George H. Woodin, enl. Sept. 4, 1862,128th Begt.,Co.E; pro. to Corp.; wounded
Hudson, May 27, 186:!; disch. fur disability. William Winchester, enl, Jan. 6, 1864, IGlb Art.; dlscK. for disability. Zimri Williams, enl. Jan. 4, 1864, ICth Art.; trans, to 6lh Ait. discharged. Charles H. Wood, enl. Sept. 1861, 30th Begt. re-nl. Jan. 28, 1804. Andrew White, enl. Aug. 22, 1864, 9l8t Begt., Co. A discharged.
at Port
; ; ;
John Miller. Warren H. Miller, enl. Jan. 27, 1861, 139th Regt, Co. G. George McBain, enl. Jan. 25, 1804, lS9th Regt, Co. G. William Moore, enl. Jan. 30, 1864, 159tb Regt, Co. G.
Thomas Muman,
Harvey
enl. Jan. 30, 1861, 159th Regt., Co. G.
Charles Nellson, enl. 159th
Regt
tlio
0. Dell, enl. 128tb Begt.

J.
Thomas
O'Connor, enl. Aug. 1862, 128th Regt., Co. I; drowned on
way
borne.
Martin E. Potts, eiiL 15th Regt. Martin Potts, enl. Aug. 1862, 128th Regt, Co. I. Robert Palmer, enl. Sept 1862, 128th Regt, Co. D; died in prison.
Isaac Place, enl. Sept. 6, 1864, 128th Regt.
Augustus Willuunson,
enl. Jan. 16, 1864, 6tb Cav.
discb.
Muy
8, 1865.
Jersey P. Wilcox, enl. Aug. 1861, 9th Mich.; killed at Murfreesboru', Tenn.,
July 8, 1863. Martin Whitbeck, enl. Sept
28, 1864, 01st

4, 1864, 91sC
William Welch,
enl. Sept Begt; discharged.
Regt; discharged. Begt.; had served two years
In 2d
Samuel Pudmore, Corp.; enl. Sept. 1861, 14tb Rest., Co. Washington Pinder, enl. May, 1861, 14th Regt., Co. K. Abram F. PaTmer, enL Oct 14, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. I. Nathan S. Post, capt.
Peter
discharged.
W. Reynolds,
enl. Jan.
1,
1864, 159th Regt., Co.
G
;
disch. July
2,
1863.
LIVINGSTON.
John Brown.
Jasper Bogardus, enl. Oct 14, 1861, 91st Begt.; re-enlisted; pro. to orderly;
discharged.
James Ryerson, enl. Jan. 25, 1864, 159lli Regt. James Reynolds, enl. Sept 5, 1862, lOOth Regt., Hoiace Rockefeller, enl. Oct 28, 1861, 5th Cav.,
Silas
Co.
A
I.
died in battle.
Co.
;
Smith, enl. Dec. 29, 1804, 159th Regt, Co.

Sen, enl. Jan. 30, 1864, 8tb Art.
disch.
June
21, 1863.
John
Chriatian Schiller, enl. Sept 1862, 128th Regt, Co. D.
Robert Stickles,
enl.
4th Cav.
Henry Bugle,
enl.
Oct
24, 18
12,
159tb Begt., Co.
I.
Henry
J. Stall, enl. 128th
Regt
William Rrenzel, enl. Sept 20, 1862, 159lh Regt, Co. A. David C. Bevin, enl. Sept 26, 1862, 159lh Begt., C. G.
Caleb Brady, enl. Jan. 29, 1864, 169th Begt., Co. G.
Philo Story, enl. 128th Regt.

Buliir Sherragar, enl. Sept 18. 1862, 159th Begt, Co. E.
John Sweng,
enl. 159tb
Regt
John Burke,
Jonas Coon,
enl. Jan. 3U, 1864, 159th Begt., Co. 0.

Jr., enl.
Wm.
D
;
Simpson,
enl. 159th Begt.
Aug.
14, 1862, 128tb
Begt., Co.
pro. to corp., sergt.
Charles Stetson, enl. 159th Regt.
discharged.
John Clark, enl. in laoth Regt. Samuel Coon, enl. Oct. 5, 1862, l.'>9th Begt., Co. C discharged. John W. Coon, enl. Oct 4, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. I; killed by accident
;
John C. Sheai-B discharged. John Sheldon, enl. Sept. 1801,

;
lltli Regt., Co.
discharged.
Martin Cahalan, enl. Oct. 4, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. Wm. H. Coon, enl. in ll>th Begt.
Jonas Coon, enl. Aug.
14, 1862,
I.
William H. Shultis, Samuel Tenbroeck. James Van Deusen,

Ibibert
enl.
Jan.
25, 1864, 159th Ucgt., Co. G.
enl.
Van
3.
Tassel, enl.
Aug. II, 1862, 128th Regt , Co. A discharged. Aug. 1862, 128th Begt., Co. I; died of disease
;
in the
lS9Ih Begt., Co. D.

Co.
service.
De Wilt Clinton, discharged. Edwnnl Coxgrove, enl. Oct 29, 1862, 159th Begt, Peter W. Coon, enl. in 159th Begt
Georee E.
I.
Charles E.
Van Swim, enl. 159th Begt. Van Valkeiiburgh, enl. Jan. 25,
1804, 150th Begt., Co. O.
Jacob Coon, enl. Oct. 14, 1862, 1591h Begt, Co. I. Alfred B. Coon, enl. Oct 28, 1861,5th Cav, Co. L. Dennis Callahan, enl. Jan. 20, 1864, 150th Regt., Co. G. Henry Decker, enl. Sept. 20, 1862, ISOtb Begt., Co. E.
Henry Weed, enl. 159lh Begt. Wm. H. Wagner, enl. Oct 2, 1802, I59th Begt, John Wadsworth, enl. 159th Begt Edward Wilson, enl. 155tli Regt
Co. I
Joshua Decker,
enl. Sept. 26, 1862, 1501b Regt., Co. I

; ;
dischariied.
Henry Dubois, sergl. enl. May 14, 1861, 14tli Regt. di-chargei. John W. Darkins, enl. Jan. 25, 1864, 159th Begt., Co. 0.
M.irgan Funk, enl. Sept 27, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. A. John H. Ford, enl. Sept 25, 1862, ISOIh Begt., Co. A died in the Patri. k Guilfoil, enl. Jan. 30, 1864, i;.9th Regt, Co. G. J..hn Hennance, enl. July 10, 1862, 128th Begt.; discharged.
;
Milton Weaver, enl. Dec. 30, 1803, 150th Regt., Co. G. Milton Weaver, enl. Dec. 30, 1801. I.iOtli Regt; killed William Werner, enl. Oct. 28, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. I.
in bnltle.
John
service.
E.
Wene,
enl. Oct. 28, 1861, 5tb Cav., Co. I.
NEW LEBANON.
George
F. Abbott, enl.
;
Wm.
Hover,
enl. in
159lh Regt.
enl.
Edgar Uollinbeck,
orderly;
cliarged.
Sept
7, 1862,
159th Regt., Co. C; pro. to corp, sergt,
1803
rc-enl.
Aug. 4, 186i, Int Sharpshoutera, 9th Co. Sept 1801, 12ath Regt disch. Sept 1863.
;
disch. Aug. 5,
member
of forlorn
hope at Port Hudson, July, 1803;
dis-
Jaroes Ackley, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Josiah C. Angor, enl. Jan. 27, 1864.
Matthias Rullinbeck. enl.
in
122d
Regt
George Armstrong,
discharged.
enl.
Aug.
16, 1802,
128lh Regt, Co. G.

,
James Hawver,
enl. Jan. 18C3, 5th Cav.
Charles E. Burfll, enl. Sept 1861, 44th Uegt
Co. A;
wounded
at Gaines' Mills;
Augiislus Hawver, enl. Jan. 1SC3, 5th Cav.
Wm.
Hawver,
enl. Sept. 8, 1802, 169lh

enl.
Begt, Co. A.
Michael Ham,
Oct
3,
;
1861
re-enllsled.
;
Jones, surgeon enl. 6;id B4*gt discharged. Alexander Kiest, enl. Sept 1862. 159th Regt, Co. C. Jeremiah Kellerbouie, enl. Sept. 26, 1862, 159lh Begt., Co.
Wm. M.
Edgar A. Brown, sergt; enl. Oct 4, 1862, Ist Sharpshooters, 9th Co.; died of disease at Yorklown, Va. Thomas S. Bmdiey, capt; enl. Oct 4, 1862, 1st .Sharpsbootera, 0th Co.; pro. major died of disi-asc at Philadelphia, Pa.
;
I; died in prison.
Benj. F. Barnes, enl. Oct. 1864,
Uth Art,
Co.
discb. July, 1365.

Charirs Bardeo, enl. Oct.
di>cb.
4, 186i, Igt
NEW
YORK.
433
A; Devon months
;
Sliuipshooters, 9th Cu.; sorred bla time
Frederick H. Lindsay, enL Aug. 14, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. prison nt Salisbury, N. C; nearly stirved to death
in
exch.,
and died at
Edwin H. Beach,
John Been,
enl. Oct. 4, 1862,
Ut
Sharpshooters, 9th Co.
home soon
Hiram
supposed
to
after.
8, 186.',
CortiJIroadway, enl. Aug. 1862; died in the servite.

enl. Sept. I86I, 44th Begt., Co.
in battle.
E. Leonard, enl. Oct.

J.
1st Sharpshooters, 9th Co.; discharged.

;
A; died
in the acrriu-;
William
Lewis, enl.
Oct
8,
1802, 1st Sharpsbaolera, 9tb Co.
discb.
Sept
5,
18,
have been killed
186:1.
John Biies, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. John Barhydt, enl Jan. 19,1864. John Bayley, enl. Feb. 3, 1864. ChariM D. Bostwick, enl. U. S. N., ship " Stars and Stripm." Hiram Crocker, enl. 42d Regt.; discharged. John Crocker, enl. 42d Regt.; discharged.
James Lowis,
enl.
Oct
8, 1862, 1st
Sharpebooten, 9th 1^.
disch.
Ang.
1863.
Homer
John
S.
Lewis, enl. Jan. 10, 1864.
Lowan,
enl. Jan. 26, 1864.
Charles Merrill, enl. 1861, 2l8t Mass.
Heman
Miller, enl.
Oct
8,
1862, lat Sharpshooters, 9th Co.;
served out his
enlistment.
Andrew H.
Clark, cjrp.; enl. Oct. 4, 1862, l3t Sharpshooters, 0th Co.; disch.
John Malian,
Lewis Morin,
enl. July, 1861, 44tb
Regt, Cu. A.; disch.
for disability.
Aug. 1863. Comelins C. Cornwell,

2d
lic'Ut.;
enl. Sept. 1862, 159th Begt., Co.
A; supposed
killed in battle.
sergt.; enl. Oct. 1862, 1st Sharpibooters, 9th Co.; pro.
Allen Mosher, enl. Feb. 1862, 128th Begt
discb.
Aug.
S, 186:).
James McKay,
9th Co.; dlsch. Aug.
5,
enl. Dec. 1863, 2llth Cav., Co. A.
Martin Cody,
1863.
enl.
Aug.
13, 1862,
128th Regt., Co. A; discb. 1865.
John Conkling,
John Cutting,
enl. Oct. 4, 1862, 1st Sharpshooters,
Wlllard McFarland, enl. Oct 1864, 91st Begt., Co. Wm. McFarland, enl. Mass. Hegt. discharged.
;
dlsch. July, 1865.
Barney McSbane,
enl. Feb. 22, 1865.
enl. Oct. 4, 1862, lat Sharpshooters, 9th Co.; dlsch. Aug. 5, 1863. Charles Carpenter, enl. Oct. 1862. 128th Begt., Co. A ; discharged. Elihu J. Ctirpenter, enl. Oct. 4, 1862, 1st Sharpshooters, 9tb Co. disch. Aug. 5,
;
Andrew
Miller, enl. Jan. 28, 1864.

enl.
George Millof,
Sept
26, 1862, 159th
Begt, Co. G.
pro. to sergt-
1863.
Charles O'(3onnor, enl. Jan. 26, 186:1. Amos H. Peabody, enl. Oct. 5, 1862, let Sharpshooters, 9tb Co.
roaj.
;
Joseph L. Chnrchill,
1863.
enl.
Aug.
1862, 128th Hegt., Co.
discb. for disability,
disch.
Ang.
5, 186:),
David Perkins.
1862,
Sumner Conint, enl. Oct 4,
Ut
Sharpshooters, 9tb Co.
disch.
Aug.
5,
1863;
Richard . Pangbom,
5,
enl. Oct. 8, 1802, 1st Sharpshooters, 9tli
Co;
dlscta.
Ang.
5,
1863.
enl. Oct. 4, 1862, lat SbarpshootelB, 9th C^.
;
Charles Conant, enl. Aug. 4,1862, 1st Sliarpsbooters, 9th Co.; dlsch. Aug.
1863.
5,
Lewis E. Parsons,
186).
disch.
Aug.
Martin P. Carpenter, enl. Aug. 7, 1862, 128lh Begt., Co. A. George Delavan, enl. Oct. 1864, Olst Regt., Co. H; disch. July, 1865.
Sylvester Plank, enl. Jan.
4, 1861.
James Dailey, enl. Oct. 5, 1804, Slat Begt., Co. H disch. July, 1885. Samuel J. Dickinson, nl. Oct. 8, 1864, 9Ut BegL, Co. H disch. July,
; ;
James Prunell, enl. Jan. 19, 1864. Eugene Parsons, mate; enl. U. S. Navy.
1865.
CUrkE. Boyce,
Uenry
;
enl. July, 1861, 44th Begt., Co.

,
A;
pro. to 2d lieut., lat lieut,
Frederick Dickinson Marshall Dunham, e nl. Sept. 1862, .I59th Ri-gt, Co.
pro. 1st
lietit.,
>
capt., m%J., lieut^col
and colonel.
1862, 1st Sharpshooters, 9th Co.
;
detailed ciipL's clerk
A. Royce, enl.
Oct
4,
disch.
Ang.
5,
sipt., niaj., Ueut.-col., inl. Oct. 3, 1862, 1st
and
col.
;
180:1.
John
E.
DunenUury,
died of disease
Charles Rogers, enl. 128tb Regt.

Isaac N. Roberts, enL
at Suffolk, Va., June 3, 1863. Uuaon N. Du:senhury, enl. Oct. 8, 1862, lat Sharpshooters, 9th Co.; died Nassau, N. Y., whiln home on furlough, Nov. 1862. John G. Dusenbnry, enl. Oct. 1862, 128th Regt., Co. A disch. for disaliillty.
;
Oct
4, 1862,
Ist
Sharpibooters, 9tb Co.; dlach. Aug.

6,
at
1863.
Lester B. Bichmond. enl. Oct.
4, 1862, Ist
Hiram Bouse,
enl. July, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. A.; discharged.

;
William Davis, enl. Oct. 1864, 9l8l Begt., Co. H. George W. Damerell, enl. Jan. 19, 1864.
Smith F. Reynolds,
Ephniim Earls, enl. Aug. 1862, I28th Begt.; disch. for disability. John N. Evans, enl. Oct. 8, 1802. let Sharpshooters, Otb Co. dlsch.
;
for disability,
eul. July, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. B discharged. Willard Reed, enl. Aug. 1862, ie9th Begt., Co. A; died of diaeiue. May, 1864. George F. Reed, enl. Oct 8, 1864, 91st Regt. disch. July, 1865. George W. Reed, eul. Sept. 1862, Ist Cav., Co. B. disch. June, 1805.
;
within ten days of mnstt-r.

L. A. Franklin, enl.
John Bogera,
May,
1861, lUtb Begt.; the Hrst
man
;
that
left
the town fur
enl. Jan. 28, 1864. Charles Rolierts, enl. Feb. 2, 1864.
the war; died of disease contracted at Stst Bull Run. John Fitzgerald, enl. Ang. 13, 1862, I28th Regt,, Co. A dlsch. 1865. Benjamin Green, enl. Oct. 1:^64, 21st Regt., Co. H; dlacharged 1805. Peter Graves, enl. March, 1865.
Richard Roweif, enl. Feb.
6,
1864.
Samuel Rile, enl. March 15, 1804. John Rewton, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. George Smith, enl. Oct 8, 1802,' 1st Sharpshooters, 9th
reênl.
Co.; diich.
Aug.
5,
1863;
Edward Gleason,
enl. 0.;t. 8, 1862, lat Sbarpshuwter.H, Otb Co.

4, 1802, lat
Dec.
186.3,
2l8t Cav.;
prisoner at Andenwnville five
months;
Aug.
5,
Alfred Glle, eul. Oct.
Sharpshoolers, 9th Co.
discharged.
Sylvester A.Smith, enl.
1863.
James Gillen, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Simeon Guild, enl. Jan. 27, 1804.
Charles H. Golden, enl. Jan. 28, 1864. James Garvin, enl. Ang. 28, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G.
Oct
1802, 1st Sharpahootora, 9th
Co;
dlsch.
William U.
Hill, enl. Oct. 1864, 91t Regt., Co.

eul. July, 1802, I28th
H;
disch. July, 186').
Aug. 11, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. A. Henry H. Sluyter, enl. July 8, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co. A; disch. July, Joseph Smith, enl. 128th Begt, Co. A.
enl.
Franklin H. Shaw,
1865.
John Harrison,
Regt., Co.
died of disease near
New
Orleans, La.
Hiram Smith, enl. Jan. 19, Reuben Secor, enl. Jan. 19,
1861.
1864.
Jared Harrison, enl. Aug.
2, 1862,
128th Regt., Co.
dIscU. 1865.
Cornelius Shope, enl. Jan, 28, 1861.
John Hamilton, enl. Dec. 7, 1864, U. S. N., ship "North Girulina." James Hiiiglns, Corp.; enl. Oct. 8, 1862, 1st Sharpshooters, 9th Co.;
5, 1803.
Thomas
dlsch.
Smitli,enl. Jan. 28, 186t.
Aug.
Philip Slumph,
enL
Sept. 26, 1862.

15, 1862,
Moriia Strauss, enl. Aug.

enl. July,
128th Regt., Co. O.

disch.
Edwin A. Hull,
dria, Va.
1801,44th Regt, Co. B; died of disease at Aleianre-enl. in
Stephen Turner,
enl. Oct. 8, 1862, Ist Sliarpsbooters; 9th Co.;
Aug.
6,
1863; re-enl. 1803.

; ;
William H. Hull, enl. Aug. 18, 1861, 2l8t Slass., Co. B discb. 1865 U. S. Keg. William Hand, enl. July, 1802, 12Sth Begt.; discharged
Albert Hand, enl. 170th Regt.; died In the service. Horace U. Hammond, enl. Jan. 27, 1804.
Elian Vickery, enl.

1863.
Oct
8,
1862, 1st Sharpshooters, 9th Co.
diach.
Aug.
5,
Franklin
P. Wolcutt, enl. Oct. 4, 1862, 1st
Sharpshooters, 0th
(Jo.
William Hart, enl. Jan. 27, 1804. Augustus Howard, enl. Jan. 28, 1804.
Alfred Uilcus, enl. Jan. 28, 1804.
Reuben H. Wilbur. Win. Wan), enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Wm. M. Williams, enl. Oct 4,
1863; re-eullsted.
1862, Isl Sharpshooters, 9th Co.;
disch.
Aug.
5,
William H. H. How, enl. Jan. 28, 1804. Charles Houghtaling, enl. Feb. 4, 1861,
Jolin H.
128tli Regt.
Oct 1864, 9l3t Regt, Co. H dlach. July, 1865. Thonios E. Wand, enl. Ang. 11, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. A. Charles Youngs, enl. Oct 8, 1862, lat Sharpshooters, 9th Co.; disch. Aug.
Unas Williams,
enl.
5,
Henry Hull, enl. U. S. N.; surgeon. Humphrey, enl. Au<. 13, 1802, 128th
186).
Regt., Co. A.
John Yeada,
enl. Jan. 12, 1863.
Michael Halpine, enl. Ang. 20, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. G. Ezia llawver, enl. Aug. 25, 1802, 128th Begt., Co. G. Andrew A. King, enl. Oct. U, 1802, Ist Sliarp-hootcrs, 9th Co.
180^1.
disch.
Ang.
5,
STOCKPORT.
Ezra M. Ackley, William Auatin,
11, 1802, 128th Regt, enl. July 21, 1801, 16th Art., Co. Q Dewilt C. Acker, enl. April 19, 1861, 14th Regt, Co. Benjamin Ackert, enl. Ang. 5, 186.', 22d Regt., Co. B
Jr., enl.
Orlando Knapp,
enl. July, 1802, 12Sth Begt., Co.
pris. at
Andersonville, and
Aug.
Co.
;
diach.
Aug.
3, 1805.
nearly died with starvation.
disch. 1865.
George B. Kendall,
18C3.
enl. Oct. 8, 1802,1st Sha- pshootera, Otb Co.; disch.
Aug.
5,
K.
;
disch. for dlaability, July,
Aaron A. Knapp,
enl.
Aug
13, 1802, 12Sth Begt., Co. A.
1864.
55
j ;
434

M
NEW
;
YORK.
K
;
; dlsch. Sept. 18M. Philip BotUe, en\. Jan. 5, 1863. 6lh Car., Co. AmbniM BrizM, enl. Sept. 1, 1862, 159lh Begt., Co. G.
Charles Lewis, sergt.; enl. April 20, 1801, 14th Begt. Co.
disch. 1863
re-enl. 159lh
pro. rapt. Co.
Brgt.,Co.G
let lient
pro. capt.,mnjorcf 176lh as colunel
Eira Bardeoênl. July 21, 1863, 16th pital six montbs; discb. Aug.
Art., Co.
1, 1865.
G wounded
;
at Fort Fi.-her; hos-
Regt., llent-col., 176tb Begt.;
wounded twice; mustered out

14th Begt., Co.
of 17etb
Begt
Boljert Briurly, enl. Oct. 7, 1861'. 3d Begt., Co.

1801, 6th Cav., Co.
K
;
disch. April 0, 1864; died of
Bobert D. Iâthrop, Corp.; enl.

of isgtii
May
2, 1861,
K;
pro. lient; adj.
dissHBe contracted in the eenrice, Feb. 11, 1865.
Begt
died of
wounds
received at Irish Bend, April 14, 1863.
Henry Buck, enl. Oct. 1, disch. SepL 1865. William B. Bennett, enl. Henry D.
Orlando
26, 1863.
dlsch. Dec. 1863
re-enl.,
and
Daniel Lovelace, Jr., enl. Oct. 10,1864, 128th Begt., Co.
G;
disch. Sept. 2,1865.
Stephen I.ovilace,
Sept.
1,
enl. Sept. 27, 1861,
3d Begt., Co.
disch.
Aug.
1,
1863; re-
1864, 128th Begt., Co.
Gj dlsch. Jaly
14, 1865.
enl. Oct. 10, 1864, 128lh
Begt
Butler, enl. Oct. 20, 1861, 14th Begt., Co.
K
K
disch. furdiBJibiUty,
May
Hudson Mesick,
John
J.
enl. April 20, 1861, 2d

;
Begt, Co. C; discharged
re-enl. April
Bell, enl. April 20, 1801, 14th Begt., Co.
killed at
Malvern
Hills,
July, 1802.
20,1863; pro. sergt. discbai-ged. discharged re-enl. Oct 10, Morrison, enl- Oct 1, 1861, 61h Cav., Co. 1804; taken prisoner; sent to Andersooville, and died of starvation, June
David
Bell, enl. April 20, 1861, 14th Regl., Co.
disch. April 30, 1863.
10, 1865.
John S. Bishop, enl. Jan. 5, 1864, 159th Begt., Co. G. Seymour Bucknian, enl. Sept. 14, 1864, U. S. Navy, " Vermont i" dlsch. Aug.
1605.
Wm.
1,
Marttn, enl. Sept. 27, 1801,

29, 1863.
6tli
Cav., Co.
killed at
Germany Ford, April

discb.
Solomon Msurer,
16, 1864,
enl. Oct. 1, 1862, I.'iOlb Begt., Co.
A; wounded twice;
disch.
Blchurd Burke, enl. Ang.
U.
S.
Navy, " Vermont K.
;"
dlsch.
Aug.
16, 1865.
for disability, June, 1864.
Solomon Bowdy,
enl.
May,
1861, 14th Begt., Co.
Simeon Morris,
;
enl. Oct. 6, 1862, 159th Begt., Co.
Oct
27, 1865.
Josiah S. Corey, enl. Oct. 26, 1862, 90th Begt., Co. G ; disch. Oct. 25, 1866. Charles B. Chittenden, 2d lieut; enl. Ang. 1, 1862, I28ih Begt., Co. G; pro.
captttin,
quartermHster. pitymiiPter; regnlwr aimy.
Wm.
Costello, enl. April 20, 1861,
Mlh
Begt., Co.
K wounded
;
,
dlsch. for dijah
July
20, 1862; re-enl. Oct. 10, 186:1, 150rh Begt.; discharged.
Wm. E. Crabb,
dlsth.
enl. April 20. 1861, 3d Uegt., Co.
disch. April 20, 1863
re-enl.
pro. sergt.; disch. April 20, 1864; re-enl. Sept. 8, 1804, 6lli Cav., Co.
July
enl.
10, 1865.
Charles Miller, enl. Oct 10, 1861, 6tb Cav.,Co.M; discb. Dec. 1,186:1; re-enl. sergt. disch. Sept 6, 1865. John K. McLain, enl. Sept 10, 1861, 3d Begt, Co. F; dlsch. Sept. 1864. James McLaughlin, enl. April 19, 1861, 14th Begt., Co. E; dlsch. April 30,1863. Jesse Mesick, enl. July i, 1804, lS9th Begt, Co. G; dlsch. July 1, 1865. John Moss, enl. March 17, 1858, 2d Cav., Co. C, regular army disch. at the end of flvo years' service, March 10, 180:1. Jacob G. McLain, enl. Aug. 10, 1804, U. S. N., " Vermont ;" disch. Aug. 6, 1865.
;
Henry CTum.
June
24, 1861, 30th Begt., Co.
G
;
killed accidentally at
Upton
Wm.
Mesick, enl. April 29, 186t, 14th Kegt., Co.

;
H;
dlsch. April 29, 1863
re-
Hill, Va., Oct. 15, 1861.
Wm.
John
Chapman,
enlisted
;
enl. Oct. 1862, 00th Begt., Co.
served
till
close of the war.
C. F. Crall, enl.
June
20, 1801,
3d Begt., Co.
disch.
June
26, 1863
re-
enl. Jan. 20, 1864; sergt. disch. Oct '25, 1865. John Nichols, enl. Oct. 10, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. C. Samuel A. Norman, enl. Oct 1, 1862, 169th Begt., Co. C to Inv.
wounded twice
;
trans,
killed at Fort Fisher.

enl. Jan. 5, 1864, 128lli
Corps
disch. Nov. 30, 1S64.
Jubn H. Chittenden,
Oct. 10, 1664.
Rest., Co.
G;
Frank Clark,
enl. Sept. 10, 1861, 18th
Art;
diech. Sept. 1863; re-eul. Jan. 1864;
disch. July 6, 1865. Bobert Dmett, enl. Sept. 1, 1864, lat Art., O..
dlBch. Sept. 1, 1865.
James Druett, enl. Sept. 1, 1862, 150lh Begt., Co G ; dlsch. 1865. Thomas De Friest, enl. 6th U. S. Colored Troops, Co. U died of
;
disease,
Aug,
Alexander Newland, enl. 1, dlsch. Sept 1, 1864. Orville Nash, enl. Mny, 1861, 14th Begt., Co. K. Melvln 0. Nash, enl. May, 1881, 14th Begt, Co. K. Peter Post, enl. April '20, 1801, 14th Begt, Co. K; disch. Api1l 20, 1863; re-enl. Sept 10, 1804, July 4, 1865. John J. PlasB, enl. Sept 5, 1804, 159th Begt., Co. G; wonnded; disrh. Ang. 4,
1865.
Sept
1801, 44th Begt., Co. C
trans, to InT.
Corps
20, 1865.
James Butcher, enl. Sept. 27, 1861, 3d Begt, (3o. F discharged. John J. Dutcher, enl. Sept. 27, 1861, 3d Begt., Co. F; re-enl. in navy. Dorr Dewitt, enl. Oct. 28, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. G taken prisoner at Winchester,
;
;
D.tvid Post, enl.
Sept
enl.
;
12, 1801,
14th Kegt, Co.

;
K
;
disch.
Jan. 26, 1864, 159l h Begt, Co.
G wounded
dlsch.
May, 1863 Oct 27, 1865.
re-enl.
Richard Boach,
Sept
10, 1801,
3d Begt., Co. F; disch. Sept. 15, 1864.

;
George
and Anilersonville,and died tliei'e. 14, 1861, 3d Begt., Co. D; discli. May 14, 1863; re-enl.; pro. 2d lieut., 1st lieut., and cupl.; res. Aug. 28, 1865. Morris Frcdenburgh, enl. Ang. 5, 1862, 128lh Begt., Co. G; accidentally woimded
Sept. 19, 1864; sent to Libby
E.
Wm.
Boach, Corp.
enl. Oct. 1, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. I

;
disch.
Oct
27, 1865.
Fordham,
sergt.; enl.
Mny
Abtun Bobinson,
enl. Dec. 10, 1864, 18tU U. S. C. T.
dltd of disease at Savan-
nah, Aug. 1865. Daniel J. Randall, enl. Ang. 20, 1862, 128lh Begt., Co.
Dec. 10, 1862.
dlsch.
June
10, 1864. 20, 1864, 114lh Begt., Co.
Blchsnl Oiirdner, enl. Jan.
dlsch. for disability,
June
20, 1865.
;
W.
B. Gouldiug, aast. surg.

ton,
enl.
June, 1864
died of heart disease at Washing-
Jonathan Birenburgb, enl. Aug. 13, 1802, 144th Begt., Co. G; disch. Aug. 1864. John H. Bifenburgh, enl. Jan. 20, 1865, loth Regt, Co. G disch. April 1, 1865. Frederick Roth, enl. S pt. 7,1>I62, '.id Cav., Co. B; six months at Andersonville,
;
June
10, 1865.
;
S.
C;
disch. July
-20,
1865.
John Gaddls, enl. Sept. 1, 1862, 128lb Begt., Co. G died of disease, Jan. 18, 1863. Wm. II. Goodman, enl. Jan. 1864, 159tb Begt., Co. G disch. Oct 27, 1865. David H. Gllkenson, corp.; enl. July 20, 1862, 128th Begt., Co. G; discb. fur
Gustave Both,
enl. Feb. 8, 1865, 159lh
Frank Kifenburgh, Dec.
2, 1862, 21st Cav., Co.
Begt, Co. O. G; taken prisoner; ten months
t Andersonville; escaped April 29, 1865.
disabil.ty, Apnl 20, 1863. John Gabriz, enl. Oct 4, 1862, 159th Begt., Co. C. Thomns Grime^ enl. July 25, 1861, 48tli Begt., Co. I. Wm. Husted, enl. Oct W, 1861,3d Begt, Co. F; disch.
James N. Beynolds, engineer

died, off Hilton
enl. Sept. 30, 186:!, U. S.
Navy
;" ship " Morg.in
Head,
S.
C,
Sept. 21, 1864.
John
Oct. 15,1804.
J.
Smith, eul. Ang.
11, 1862,
128t> Regt, Co. G; dlsch. June 20, 1864.
Nicholas B. Shnltis, eul. Sept
12, 1861, 14tli Begt., Ck)
K;
;
disch.
June
29, 1663;
Theodore Hues, sergt.;

Michael F. Harder,
Creek
;
eul.
Aug.
1,
1861, 44th
Begt., Co.
G; twice wounded
at
re-enl. Jan. 26, 1864, li9lh Bigt., Co.
O; woundeil
discharged.
iis
pro 2d lieut; resigned Aug. 20, 1804.

eul.
Isaac Smith, enl. April 23, 1801, 14th Regt., Co.

Begt., Co.
detailed
pioneer; disch.
Aug.
14, 1862, 128th
Of wounded
Cedar
dlsch. July 14, 1865.

15, 1802,
Charles Hoes, enl. Aug.
128th Begt., Co.

16, 1861,
John W. Hoes,
sergt.
enl.
Apnl
dlsch. July 14,1865. 3d Begt, Co. F; pro, 2d lieut

;
June 20, 1863. Myers Stats, enl. Oct disch. Aug. 1865.
1,
1862, 169th Regt., Co.
C; wounded at Winchester;
l^t
llent.; resigned
Oct
20, 1864.
George W. Slater, enl. Aug. 20, Isaac Schermcrhorn, surgi'on

;
186'2,
128lh Begt., Cj.

10,
supposed to bo dead.
3, 1865.
enl.
Nov.
1864
discb.
James S. Head, enl. Sept 1, 1801, 128th Begt., Co. O; dlsch. July 14, 1865. Benjamin F. Herrick, drummer eul. S.-pt. 20, 1801,3d Bett., Co. K; iLsch.Jau. 18, 1863; re-enl. Jan. 2, 1864, 159rh Kegt, Co. G; disch. Sept. 7, 1863. Michael Holland, drummer; eol. Sept, 27,1861,3d Begt, Co. F; d.sch. Sept
;
K.
Knux
Smilh, enl. Oct. 21, 1862,
12tli Begt.,
Co. C;
March wounded
at Fredericks-
burg; disrh. March Abram Simmons, enl. Jan.

Begt.,
21, 1864.
5, 1864, 'jeth
U. S. C.T., Co.
II
;
disch.
Aug.
;
'28,
186i.
Ellas Shaw, enl. July, 1861, 2d Cav., Co.
dlsch. July 20, 186:1
re-enl. 149th
27, 1864.
Aug.
18,
1863; discharged.
Wm.
Harrison, enl.
Oct
1,
1862,159th Begt., Co. G.
Samuel N.
Shnltis, enl. April 29,
UOI, 14th Regt., Co.
K
;
wounded
at
Malvern
Frank Hauber,
20, 1802-
enl. April 20, 1861, 14th
Bigt, Co.
drowned
in canal, Sept.
Hills; disch. July 10, 1863.
Charles E. Shultis,
enl. Feb. 9, 1804, 77th
10, 1861,
enl. Jan. 20, 1865, 169th
Begt, Co. G
disch. Oct. 27, 1865.
Hayden Henry,
Wm.
H. H. Herrick, enl. Ap.il

lisch.
Begt, Co. A ; disch. Jan. 28, 1865. :M Begt, Co. F; pro. Corp.; orderly;
1861; dlsch.
Joseph
Strigle, mueiciiin; eul.
July
20, 1861, 7lh Cav., Co.
M:
disch. for dis-
ability. July. 1864.
May,
I86.i; re.enl.
May
18,
Mey
14, 18G4.
David P. Hack.r,
lli65.
enl. Sept. 29. 1862, 109th

1,
Bogt
Co. G.
William H. Shultis, enl. May, 1801, 141h Begt., Co. K. John H. Towner, sergt; enl. April 21, 1861, Utii Begt, Co.
10,
disch. for dis10,
Frederick HolTnail, enl. Sept.

Peter lluntzing, enl. Aug.
Island, Oct. 10, 1863.
1862, 4Utli Muss.
Begt, Co. E; disch. Sept.
ability, Feb. 6, 1863; died of disease
contracted in the service, Aug.
1863.
0,
1802, 1281h Be;:!., Co. G.

186:1, 20lli
Erasmus Towner,
11
;
enl.
Sept
1,
1864, U. S.
Navy,
"
Vermont
;"
disch. Aug. 20,
Charles A. Jackson, enl. July 23,
V. S. 0, T., Co.
died at Hart's
1865.
Edward Jerome, enl. July 27, 1801, 48th Begt., Co. I died of disease at Hilton Head, March 4, 1802. John Jerome, enl. Ang. :)0, 1864, U. S. N.,"Vermont;" disrh. Aug. 1805. Albert E. Junies, enl. Aug. 10, 18i.4, U. S. N., " Vermont ;" dlsch. July 3, 1865.
;
William Tniver, enl. July '25, 1861, 48tb Begt., Co. I. Jacob Van Curen, eul. Oct 14, 1861, .Id Begt., Co. F; wounded at Dmry's
Bluff; disch. Oct. 15, 1864.
niiiries
Van
Albert, enl. July 30, 1861, 6th
(3av.,
Co.
A;
d sablcd
and
disch.,
Nov.
7, 1861.

Bobert Vnn Caren, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, 128th Bogt, Co. G dlsch. for disability, July 18, 1865. George M. Van Buren, capt.; eul. July 25, 1801, 6th Cav., Co. M; pro. to major; a prisoner at Libby; resigUL-d Aug. 16, 1865. Cornelius Van Valkenburgh, enL Sept. 26, 1862, 159tli Regt., C<>. C. George E. Whillock, pnl. SepL 1, 1862, 159ch Eegt., Co. G disch. for disability,
; ;
NEW
YORK.
Co.
435
G
C
and
James Harvey, enl. Aug. 23, 1862, 128th Regt., died on return home, Dec. 1863. Michael Hogan, enl. Sept. J3, 1S02, I59th Regt.,
discharged.
disch. for disabili ty,
Co.
pro. to serj^t.
wounded
Sept. 18G3;re-enl. Jan. 1,1861, olth Regt.; disch. Oct. 28, 1665.
John Holmes. David Hammel. John Hanimet.

Charles Hosa, enl. Aug. 20, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G.
Theodore J. Whitney, enl. Oct. I, 1862, 6th Cav., Co. M; token prisoner; sent to Libby and never heard ri'om. Charles Wright, enl. Oct. 6, 1861, 61h Cav., Co. M; killed near Peteraburg, July 17, 1864.
Joseph
Ingliii, enl.
167th R"gt.
1861, 20th Regt., Co.
Philip Johnson, enl. Jan. 12, 1804, 16th Art; discharged.
Burget J.ickson;
16. 1863;
enl. Dec.
1,
F; discharged.
Thomas West,
enl. Jan. 6, 1861, 2Ut Cav., Co. M; discharged. Labau Whitney, enl. Jan. 17, 1801, I7th Regt., Co. E; di<ch. July 13, 1865. Henry A. Williamson, enl. Feb. 4, 1804, 159tli Eegt., Co. A; diacli. July
18(i5.
Charles H. Jones, enl. Nov.
211,
1861, Oth Cav., Co.
M;
discharged; re-enl. Dec.
discharged.
6, 1864.
4,
Peter Jackson, died at City Point, Vo., Aug.
William Jackson.
enl. April 20, 1861,
George
W. Young,
3J Eegt., Co. F; disch. April 20, 1863;
Christopher Jackson.
re-enl. April 20, 1861, asrgt.; died of
dhease
at
Folly Island,
May
9,
John
Kittle.
4,
1864.
Gilbert Loucks, enl. Jan.

enl. Sept. 1, 1864,128th Eegt., Co. Q.; disch.
1864, 16th Art., Co.
K; tiken
5, 1804.
prisoner April 20,
Wm.
Young,
July
14,
1865.
1861; died In prison at Andnrsonville, July
Benjamin
La.,
F. Miller, enl.
Aug.
13, 1802, 128th Regt., Co.
died at
New Orleans,
March
1,
1863.
STUYVESANT.
Jacob M. Amstcad. enl. Oct 186.1, 115th Regt., Co, E wounded at Deep Bottom; taken prisoner; anpposed died in rebel hands. John Amstuad. John Andes. George Anthony. Abram Brodhead, enl. Aug. 22, 1862, 128th Eegt., Co. G wounded disch. May
; ; ;
Charles Moes, enl. Aug. 20, 1862, 12ath Regt, Co. G; discharged. James I. Mlckel, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, 128th Eegt., Co. G; wounded; disch. Nov.
28, 1863.
Isaac A. McAllister, enl. Aug. 18, 1862, 12Sth Regt, Co. G; dUch. for disability. Stephen Morey, enl. Aug. 22, 1862, 159th Bogt, Co. C ; died at Stnyvcaant Falls,
N. Y.
William Moore.
John Moore. Benjamin Mnndy.

Bichard A. Miller, enl. Aug. 12, 1S04, U. S. N., ship " Susquehanna." Joseph Morrell, enl. Dec. 2, 1861, lOth Art., Co. K. Otis G. Maynard, qnur.-mast sergt. enl. Nov. 8, 1862, 4th Cav., Cu. I. George Murri-I, Corp. enl. Aug. 18, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G.
;
8, 1804.
Simeon Bryant,
enl.
Aug.
22, 1862, 128th
Regt
Co.
G; discharged.
Abram
F. Boyce, corp.; enl. Sept. 30, 1862, 159tb Regt., Co. G.
Cornelius Beat, enl. Dec. 1863, 20Ih Begt., Co. F.

Jiunes Bruce, enl. Oct. 24, 1801, 6th Oiv., Co.
disch.; re-enl. Dec. 15, 1S63;
Wilberforce E. Nevins, enl. April 23, 1861, 9th Regt., Co.
discharged; re-enl.,
discharged.
2d lieut.,Deo.
Sept. 23, 1803, 95th Eegt., Co. C;
1, 186:1,
I6lh Art., Co. K.
John A. Boyce, enL

Peter Brice.
wounded
ut Petersburg;
lost right leg;
continued in the service; discharged.
Clarence Peters, enl. April 23, 1801, Oth Eegt., Co. E; discharged John M. Pullz, enl. Jan. 18,1804, 6lh Cav., Co. M; died on Hart's Island, Oct
26, 1864.
Adelbert Barker.
James Ploiner,
Sept. 20, 1801, 0th C;iv., Co.
enl.
enl.
William CUpp,
en'..
dhch. Nov.
22, 1861.
Peter G. Collins, Corp.;

Jan, 17, 1863, at
Aug.
25, 186i, 128th Regt., Co.
died of wounds,
prisoner; exch.
George E. Phillips, Peter Pruyn.

Levi B.
enl.
Aug. 18, 1862, l'28th Eegt., Co. G; discharged. Aug. 23, 1862, 129th Eegt., Co. G; di.ichiiiged.
Now
Orleans, La.
Eome,
enl. April 22, IHOl, 5th
B.gt Co. G
,
discharged
re-enl. Dec. 1,
Charles D. Chase, enl. Aug. 22, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co.
K; tnkon
1863, 16th Art, Co. K.
and
died, Oct. 19, 1864.
Aaron
1862, 159th
E. Rouse, enl.
Art., Co.
Oct
6,
1862, 159th Regt., Co.
E;
re-enl. Dec. 14, 186:3, 16th
Edwin W.
Clapp, enl.
Oct
1,
R-gt
Co. E; discharged.
discharged.
enl. Jan. 30, 1863.
Charles 0. Clow, enl. Aug.
6, 180:1,
lb7th Eegt.
John H. Bifunburgh,
Aaron Chomplin, enl. 167th Regt. wounded at Wilderness; ColTin Champlin, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, lC9th Eegt prisonerslx months nt Libby and Andersonville; exchanged discharged.
;
;
Daniel J. Rundell, enl. Aug. 22, 1862, 12Sth Eegt., Co. G. Porter LSchermcrhorn, orderly sergt; enl. Aug. 0, 1802,128th Begt., Co. G;
discharged
;
re-enl. sergt., 19tb
Begt Sept
,
1,
1863
discharged.
Isaac F. Clnw, enl. Dec. 20, 1803, 16th Art., Co.
K;
discharged.
Abram
Sitaer, enl.
Aug.
15, 1862,
128th Regt, Co. G; wounded; discharged.
Clayton Cross, enl. Aug.
4, 1864,
16th Regt.. Co. E; died at Lincoln hospital,
Philo Stoiy, enl. Aug. 18, 1862, 128th Eegt., Co.

discliarged.
taken priaouer exchanged

;
Washington, D.
C Dec.
14, 1801.
James Crance. John Campbell.

Franklin Cornelius.
BarreTit Schereger, enl. Aug. 11, 1802, 128th Eegt., Co.
discharged.
John
Frederick G. Schaffer, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G; token prisoner. Solby, enl. Aug. 28, 1862, 128eh Reft, Co. G.
22, 1862, 128th
William Cornelius.
Phllo Smith, enl. Aug.
Regt, Co. E; discharged.

;
Samuel
Collins.
Abram Clow, Jr., enl. Aug. 12, 1884, U. S. Navy, ship " Susquehanna." Edward Drum, enl. Oct. 29, 1861,6th Cav., Co. M; disch.; ro-enl. Dec. 16,1863;
discharged.
Sluau Smith, enl. Aug. 1862, 167th Regt., Co. A discharged. John Schemierhom, enl. Oct. 25, 1862, 159tU Regt, Co. C.
William Sutherland,
enl.
Aug.
0,
1862, 113lh Regt., Co.
G; died
in hospital,
Aug.
0,
1864.
Peter Dingman.
Charles Simmons, enl. 107th
Begt K;
killed
Timothy Dolan. Bryan Dolan.

Joseph Devlin. David Devlin.
William H. Schereger,
Fiinii,
enl. Dec. 28, 180:1, 16th Art., Co.
at Chapin's
Oct
7,
1864.
James
E. Stoliker, enl. Nov. 16, 1861, 6tli Cav., Co.

16, 186:1; discharged.
discharged
re-enl. Dec.
William Devlin.
Peter H. Defieeet.
Abram
I.
Stollker. enl. Nov. 16, 1861, 6tli Cav., Co.
M;
discharged; n-enl. Dec.
15, 1803; dlsch.
Aug.
0, 1805.
George Evans.
Peter Schereger, eul. Sept
28, 1863,
12d Regt, Co. E; token prisoner at Peters-
James
I.
Edo.
burg; sent
to
South
Caruliiui;
exchanged; died at Annapolis.
Fenn, enl. Jan. 4, 1864, 16th Art.; wounded; dlsch. Sept. 26, 1864. William H. Fowler, enl. Jan. 4, 1864, 16th Art. disch. JUy 12, 1864.
C.
;
Abram Lyman
Edo.
John Shortman. Charles E Sampson. John Shaw.

J.imes Smith.
John Ferry.
Jacob Gardiner, enl. Dec. 3(), 1863, 16th Art., Co. K; discliarged. Orville Gilmore, Jr., enl. Dec. 10, 186:), 16th Art., Co. K; disch;irged. John W. Green, enl. Jiin. l.', 18M, lOtli Art., Co. E; discharged. Henry Greuling, enl. Oct. 29, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. M; wounded; discharged;
re-enl. Dec. 10, 1863
;
Henry Smith.
Joliu B. Schereger, enl.
June
8,
13, 1862,
U.
S. N.,
ship " Wahasli
,"
wounded
at
Fort Sumter; trans,

SloaiiB Smith,
u nl.
to sliip "
Ironsides;" disch. July 30, 1804.
Sept
1862, 159th Bt-gt, Co. A.
pro. to Corp.
wounded
at Winchester; di:icharged.
James M. Gurck.
Michael Ganl. William Gaul.
George George
F. SchalTer, enl.
Slater, enl.
John Tripp,
enl.
Aug. 1:1, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. G. Aug. 23, 1862, 128lh Regt., Co. 0. Aug. 29, 1802, 12SIh Begt., Co. E killed at Port Hudson,
;
Miss.,
May
,
27, 1863.
Thomas
Gaul.
David H. Gilkinson, Corp.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, 128th Regt Co. G. An.lrew Hagedom, eul. April 22, 1861, oth Regt., Co. G discharged. William H. S. Hnll,corp.; enl. Aug. 2.3, 180-', 123th Regt., Co. G pro.
;
;
to orderly
John Taylor, enl. July 29, 1804, 6th Art., Co. K Jisc'h. June James Tanner. James Tootell. Charles Thompson, eul. Aug. 10, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. E.
28, 1805.
aergt.
wounded; discharged.
Peter Vosburgh, enl. April 23, 1801, 9th Begt, Co. E; died at
Ghent
436
Wm.
,

;
NEW
enl.
YORK.
20, 1862, 159th Regt.. Co. C.
H. Van Hoesen, enl. Sept. 20, 1881 6th Car., Co. M disch. Oct. 24, 1864. Andrew Vno Slvck, fnl Pec. 16. 1863, 10th Art., Co. K; diBclmrgeJ. Martin Van Valkenburgh, fnl. Not. 10, 1861, 6th Cav., Co. F disthnrged re; ;
Jeremiah Duntz,
Oalvin
Sept
W.
Finkle, enl. Sept. 10, 1802, 159th Regt., Co. C; died of disease, at
enl. Dec. 16, 1863, 6th Cav., Co.
F; discharged.
B-ton Rouge, April 2. 1863. John R. Ferguson, enl. Ang. 15. 1802. 128th Regt.. Co.
K
;
disch.
Ang.
8,
1865.
1865.
Cornelius Van Valkenburgh.
Edward Gardiner,
George
I.
enl.
Aug.
15. 1862,
128Ih Regt.. Co.
disch. July
Charles Van Hoesen. iieoTgf Van Alstyne.
Gordon, enl. Aug.
21, 1862, 1281b R^gt.. Co, G.
Hiram
Halsted. enl. Aug. 22. 1864. 3d Regt., Co.
D; died of disease, at Newbern,

;
Jacob Van Allen.

Hetirr Van Alsiyne.
Francis Van Alstjne.
Oct. 27, 1864.

enl. March 18, 1865, 128lh Regt., Ui. D disch July 12, Henry Ham, enl. June 28, 1804, 6th Cav.. Co. M; rlitoh. Ang. 21, 18&'i. Jacob Ham, enl. Ang. 13, 1802. 128th Regt., Co. G ilistli. July 12. 1805. John Heller, enl. Oct. 2,1862, 159th Regt, Co. C; Jis.harKed.
Taylor Hauver,
1865.
John Van Alslyne. Peter H. Van Alslyne. John Van Alslyne (2d). John Williams, enl. Apiil
Jan. 1863.
23, 1861, 9th Regt., Co.
E; died near Ale.iandii, Va., G; died of wonnds

re-
Ezni Huughtaling, enl. Aug. 20. 1804, 91st Regt Co. H ilisch. June, 1805. Robert HoughUling. enl. Aug. 20, 1864. 91st R.-gt, Co. H iliach. June, 1865.
,
; ;
Andrew Williams,
John
F.
enl. April 22, 1861, 5th Segt., Co.
Daniel Jennings, enl. Oct 15, 1862. 159th Regt.. Irish Beud discharged.
;
(>>.
wounde<l
I
dieil
prisoner at
ceived at Gaines' Mills.
Pleasant Kline, Corp.

;
enl. Sept. 9. 1862, 1.^9ih
Regt, Co.
of disease, at
Warner, corp
enl.
enl.
1862, for disability cnosed
Aug. 22, 1862, 1281b Regt., Co. G by wonnils.
disch. Not. 28,
Baton Rouge.
Willliim Knickerliotker, enl Sept 23. 1862, 159th Regt., Co.
I.
John White,
Aug.
29, 1862. 128th Regt., Co.
Lewis Wolfpim,
enl. Dec. 14,1863, 16th
G; discharged. Art., Co. G; wounded at Chapin's Farm
Myron Me1iu, enl. Aug. 23, 1864, 3d Art. John W. Mnmbert. musician enl. Sept.
;
Co.
211.
discli.
June
20, 1865.
1862. 159th Rejit.. Co.

;
G; biken
discharged.
prisoner, kept on Ship Island
excbangeil
(I'Sr.harg'-d.
lle<l
Denry Wllaon, enl. U. S. N. Leonard Wilson. Jaroee Wood.
Wm.
H. Proper, enl. Oct
22, 1862, 159th
Regt, Co. E; k
at Port
Hudson,
May
27,
1863
;
John P. Proper, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, 128th Regt.. Co. A disch. July 12, 1865. Samuel Pioper, enl. Aug. 17. 1864, 81st Regt.. Co. II disch. Jnne 10. 1865.
;
Robert Proper,
enl. Oct. 22. 1862, 159lh Regt., Co.
discharged.
30, 1865.
TAGHKANIC.
John H. Allen, June
9.
Abnim
Nathan
; ;
Peer, enl. Jan. 4, 1862, 93d

S. Post,
Ist lleut
enl.
Regt, Co. B; disch. June 159th Regt; discharged.

;
dentally disabled at Morehead City,

20, 1865.
promoted to Corp. acciC; remained In serrice; disch.
Peter Proper, enl. Sept. 23, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. I died April. 1862. George W. Potts, enl. Aug. 10. 1862. 128th Regt. Co. I ; prisoner four and onehalf months; paroled; disch. July 15, 1865.
Stephen Austin, enl. May, 1861, 14th Regt., Co. K; disch. 1863. Henry D. Austin, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, 128th Regt, Co. D; died of disease, Baton Rouge, Oct 5, 1863. William P. Allen, enl. Sept 29, 1862. 159th Regt., Co. C.
Peter Bashford, enl. Oct 14, 1861, 91st Regt, disch. July 17, 1805. 31, 1863
;
Martin Rote. enl. Aug. 25. 1864. 9lst Regt.. Co. U disch. June 24, 1865. Norman C. Howe, enl. Oct. 7. 1861, 14lh Regt., Co. K di.<ch. May 17, 186:1.
;
Cô*.
H;
;
discharged; re-enl. Deo.
Stephen Bayle, enl. Sept 4, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. I disch. July, 18}. Jacob Beattle, enl. Sept. 29, 1862, 159th Regt, Co. C. Martin Best, enl. Sept. 19. 1862. 159th Regt.. Co. G. Ebeneler Bnirtch, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. O. Robert A. Brush, enl. July 31, 1862, 128th Regt.. Co. G. LoTinski Cameron, enl. Aug. 22, 1864, 3d Regt., Co. D died at Nowbem. Not.
;
Morton Rockefeller, enl. Sept. 29. 1862, 169th Regt., Co. C. Allen Rote. enl. Sept 1862. 12lh Regt. Co. D. Leonard Smith, enl. Sept 8, 1862, 159th Regt., Co. C; discharged. Grovenn Smith, enl. Sept 18, 1802, 139th Regt., Co. C; discharged. Richard Smith, enl. Sept. 1862. 159th Regt.. Co. C disch. Ang. 26. 1865. Isaac Smith, enl. Aug. 22. 1804, B. M.. Co. E disch. June 26. 1865. Whiting Smith, enl. Ang. 27, 1864. 3d Cav.. Co. M disch. June 26, 1805. John Sharkesha. enl. Jan. 30. 1863. 159th Regt, Co. G discharged. Wm. H. Simmons, enl. July 15, 1862, 128th Regt. Co. G; disch. Aug. 11, 1802. Wm. H. Sheldon, enl. Aug. 22, 1804, 9l3t Regt., Co. II disch. June 10, 1863.
; ; ;
6,1864.
Robert 0. L. Cameron, enl. Sept. 8. 1862, 159th Regt.. Co. C promoted to corp.. sergt prisoner three months disch. for disability. Ang. 21, 1863. Charles D. Coon, enl. Sept 16, 1864, 91st Regt., Co. H disch. June 10, 1865. Reuben A. Coon, enl. Sept 18, 1861, 91st Regt, Co. H disch. Oct. 22, 1802. for
; ; ; ; ;
DIedrich Smith, enl. Sept. 23, 1862. 159th Regt Co. C. Ezra Stickles, enl. Sept. 16, 1862, 159lh Regt.. Co. C. Alexander D. Smith, enl. Aug. 18. 1862, 128th Regt. Co. G. John Shaughnesay (Ist), enl. .Ian. 11, 1864, 159th Regt. Co. G.
.
John Shaughnes.sy
1865.
(2d), enl.
Jan. 26. 1864, 159th Regt., Co.
disch.
Aug.
11,
disability; re-enl. 2d Indiana.
Aug.
2.
1864; disch. July

;
14. 1865.
Lewis H. Coon. enl. Sept 13. 1SC4. 91st Regt. disch. June 10. 186S. Wm. H. Coon, enl. Sept. 28, 1862. 159lh Regt.. Co. C; discharged. Ambrose Cktons. enl. Sept 28, 1862, 159tb Regt, Co. C; wounded nt Irish Bend;
died at
Wm.
Teator. enl. Oct. 15. 1802, 159th Regt., Co. C;

disch.
wonnded
;
at Cedar Creek
Aug.
enl.
1863.
Martin Teator,
enl.
New
Orleans.
John Teator,
128th Regt. Co. C; disch. Aug.
1.
Aug. 12, 1862, 128th Regt., Co. G disch. July 12, 1865. Aug. 12, 1862. 128th Regt.. Co. G disch. for disability. Feb.
;
John
Oirroll, enl.
Aug,
15, 1862,
1865.
22, 1863.
Howard
Coons, enl. Sept 29. 1862, 159th Regt., Co. C.

;
David Coons, enl. May. 1861. 14th Regt, Co. K died la the seryioe. Adam Duntz. enl. Oct 13, 1862, 150th Regt.. Co. C.
Luke Wymbs. enl. Sept. 20, 1862. 3d Art.. Co. M disch. June John Wheeler, enl. Sept. 16. 1802, 159th Regt., Co. C.
;
26, 1865.
Stephen Wheeler,
enl. Sept. 10. 1862, 159lh
Regt, Co. C.
NAMES OF CITIZENS
WHO
ASSISTED AND CONTRIBUTED TOWARDS THE PUBLICATION OF THE HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY;
WITH PERSONAL STATISTICS.
HUDSON
CITY.
b.
Samnel Edwards, son of Samuel

ville,
B.
and Hath L. (Rogers) Edwards,

s.
b.
Glen-
Schenectady
Co.,
N. Y.,
1862,
Lawyer;
residence, 7 Willard
Bobt. E. Andrews, son of Asel and Maria (Smith) Andrews,
New
Lebanon,
Place.
N. T., 1819, Lawyer; residence, 397 Warren Street. KIchard B. Aldcn.ftt, son of Abraliani and Sarah (Bradbury) Aldcroftt, b. Kuntsford, Cheshire, England, s. 1859, Merchant Tailor; 201 Warren
Street.
Frank Forshew, son of John and Lydia (Wilcox) Forshew, b. Hudson, N. Y., 1826, Photographer; residence, 241 Warren Street. Edmund Cbaa. Getty, son of Andtw C. and Cornelia T. (Genet) Getty, b. Greenbush, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., s. 1853, Deputy County Clerk; residence,
Greenport, N. Y.
Benry Anable, son
of
Henry and Asenath (Willey) Anable,

and Findings
;
b.
Hudson, N. T.,
Hudson, N.
T.,
1830, Dealer in Wool, Leatber,
38 Columbia Street.
h.
John Gaul,
Jr.,
son of John and Rachel (Miller) Gaul,
b.
Hndson, N.
Y., At-
G. H. Anable, son of
Henry and Asenalh (Willey) Anable,
Wm.
Wm.
and Leather; 34 South Front Street. Bryan, son of CUrk and Catharine (Hendry) Bryan, b. Harpersfi^ld, Delaware Co., N. T., 8. )M5, Editor and Proprietor Daily iJ^jmWitan. and Postmaster; residence, 57 Warren Street. Bostwick, son of Reuben W. and Harriet (Dibble) Bostwick, b. Pino
1813, Dealer in Hides
Plains, Diitche<s Co., N. Y.,
s.
torney and Counselor-at-Law ; residence, 15 South Fourth St. Rensselaer Gray, eon of Saml. and Betsey (Getman) Gray, b. Ephratah, Fulton Co., N. Y., s. 1814, Dealer in and Manufacturer of Furniture; 307 Warren Street.
Thos.
S.
Gray, son of Thos. and Margaret (Campbell) Gray,

8.
b.
Durham, Greene
Co., N. Y.,
1873 (retired); residence. Prospect Hill.

b.
18G9, Banker, Cashier U. R. National
Bank
residence, at
Worth House.
reaidence. Green Street
Chas. E. Butler, son of Ezekiel and Elizabeth (Coventry) Boiler, b. Stockport,

182),
GitToTd Brothers, sons of Elihu
Watchmaker and Jeweler;
Chns. L. B<-ale, son of Chester and ClHrisea (Wainwri>;lit) Beale, b. Canaan,

F.
of Congress Wnrren St. Jeremiah and Margaret (Miller) Best, b. Tagbkaulc, N. Y., Merchant Tailor; 331 Warren Street Henry J. Baringer, son of Wm. W. and Maria (Looks) Baringer, b. Claverack, N. Y., 1819 (retired) residence, 117 Warren Street. Henry Beet, son of Walter and Rboda (Smith) Best, b. Caldwell, Rockland Co., N. Y., 8. 1865, Dniggist and Farmer 351 Warren Street. A.Frank B.Chase, son of .John M. and Eliza (Becker) Chase, b. Austerlitz, N. Y., 1835, Lawyer; residence, 4 Willard Place. Isaac N. Collier, son of Philip and Christina (Hallenbeik) Collier, b.Colsackie, Greene Co., N. Y., 9. 1855, Lawyer and Surrogate residence, comer Allen and Second Streets. Abijiih P. Cook, M.D, son of Geo. W. and Margaret (Teller) Cook, b. Hyde Park, Dutcljess Co., N. Y., s. 1812, Physician and Surgeon residence,
N. Y., 1824,
Attomey-aHjiw and ex-Member
Hudson, N. Y., Warren Street and Eliza R. (SUrbuck) GiSbnl, b. Hudson, N. Y., 1825 and 1829, Founders and Machinists; 31 Columbia Street Leonard Guiger, son of George and Ser^pbia (Hubert) Guiger, b. Neisbeim, Gei-niany, s. 1849, Inventor Remington Gun residence, 58 North FIfib
Hiram
D. Gage, son of Richard and Emily L. (Ford) Gage,

;
Deputy Postmaster
residence, 321
M.
Beet, son of 1818,
Street.
Byron G. Howard, son of Henry and Sarah (White) Howard,

N. Y., 1840,
b.
Claverack,
Jacob W. Huysradt, son of Henry
109
Warren Street
b.
Wm.
J.
U. Crapser, son of David and Elizabeth (Craver) Crapser, 1822, Grocer; residence, 331 Union Slrnet
Ghent, N. Y.,
Rider Cady, son of Perkins F. and
C. S.
Ann M. (Rider) Cady, b. Chatham, N. Y., 1852, Attorney and Counselor-nt Law; 302 Warren Street. Champlin, son of C. W. and H. J. (Cnllar.l) Cliamplin, b. New Beriin, Otsego, N. Y., s. 1860 (retired) residence, Waihington Street
;
Cliaa.
Carpenter, son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Crandell) Carpenter,b. Claverack, N. Y., 1817 (retired)
;
Warren Street. James Clark, sou uf Cornelius and Elizabeth (Case) Clark,
residence, 26
b.
Hudson, N.
Y.,
1806 (retired); residence, 6 South Fourth Street,
John
C.
Du
Bols, son of
Stephen A. and Raihel A. (Scliryvnr) Dn Bois,

s.
b.
RhineI.eck, Dutchess Co., N. Y.,
1851, Retired
Physician; residence,
134 Allen Street.
Henry
A.
Du
Bois, son of Coert
and Mary (Thorn) Du Bois,
b. Fislikill,
Dutchess
; residence, 96^ Warren Street. and Margaret (Felts) Hoysrndt, b. Ancram, N. Y., 1824, President and General Manager Hudsun Iron Company residence, Allen Street, comer of Second Street, Edward J. Hamilton, son of Dr. Erastos and Harriet (Miller) Hamilton, b. Greenville, Greeno Co., N. Y., s. 1874, Superintendent New York and Hndson Steamboat Company; residence, 68 Union Street H. M. Hanor, Sheriff; residence, Court-House. John C. Uogeboom. son of Henry and Jane Eliza (Rivington) Hogeboom. b. Hudson, N. Y., 1837, Wholesale Coal Dealer, and President Catskill and Albany S. B. Co.; office, 210 Warren Street W. W. Hannah, Ji ., son of Thos. and Sarah (Cronk) Hannah, b. Mooresville, Delaware Co., N. Y., s. 1855, Jeweler; 293 Warren Street. W. H. Hart, son of Newton and Mariha S. (Winchell) Hart, b. South Engremont, Masi., r. 1865, Dentist 208 Warren Street. C. W. Hinsdale, son of Stephen and Eliza (Cain) Hinsdale, b. Claverack, N. Y., 1832, Druggist; 305 Warren Street. Lemuel Holmes, son of Jos. and Mary (Battles) Holmes, b. Sumner, Oxford Co., Me., s. 1837 (retired); residence, 11 Union Street F. C. Havihind, son of John T. aud Caroline (White) Haviland, b. Hudson, N. Y., 1842, Teller Farmers' National Bank 302 Warren Street Job Hulme, son uf James and Mary (Hargraves) Hulme, b. Oakamoor, Staffordshire, England, s. 1847, Baker and Confectioner; 277 Warren Street. Edward J. Hodge, son of John W. and Mary (Shafor) Hodge, b. Hudson, N. Y., 1833, City Editor Hudson Ecening Regitier; residence, 185 Union Street. Magnus Herbs, Frederick C. Herbs, and Casper H. Herbs, of F. 4 M. Herbs A
dry
Editor Daily Bepublican

S.
s. la:il. Retired Merchant, and President Hudson River NaBink; residence, Greenpurt, N. Y. N. Dosenbe m, son of Joseph and Amelia (Gerst) Dosenheim, b. Palatina, Germany, s. 1855, Dry Goods Merchant residence, 30) Warren Street H. W. Dakin, son uf Clia-. and Achsah (Wicks) Di.kin, h. Huds.in, N. Y., 1822, Butcher; 74 Warren Street Ezra D. De Lamater, ôn of Jonas U. and Sarah A. (Groiit) De Lanuiter, b. Greenport N. Y., 1851, Attorney and Counselor-at-Law residence, corner
Co., N. Y.,
Brother, sons of Frederick H. and Christina (Kay) Herbs,
b.
Holstein,
tional
Germany,
s.
1862,
Manufacturers Cigara and Tobacco 340 Warren Street.

;
Jnson M. Johnson, son of Jason H. and Sally (Sherman) Johnsun, b. New Ubanon, N. Y., 1837, United States Intermit Revenue Collector 12th N. Y.
District; residence. East Allen Street.
Cbaa. F. Jones, son of tenbury. Conn.,

P. H.
Warren
s.
G.
and Clarine (Olmsted) Jones,
b.
South Glas-
1866, Jeweler; 180

Pliilip
Warren
Street.
Knickerbocker, son of Dr.

b.
H. and Jane (Mulfopl) Knickerbocker,

;
State and Sixth Str.-eta.
Clermont, N. Y., 1845, Steamboat Captain
residence, 340
Diamond
Cornelius Esselstyu, son of Charles and Sarah M. (Veddrr) Estrlstyn,

latin, N. y., 1831,
b.
Gal-
Street.
Attorney and Counselor-at Law; residence, 179 Allen
John
B.
Street
Cornelius H. Evans,
s..u
Longley,80n of Samuel M. and Lydia A.(Fisk) Longley, b. Providence, R. I., s. 1844, Lawyer, District Attorney, and ex- District Attorney and
ex-Recorder; residence, 280 Union Street.
son, N. Y., 1841,
of Robert W. and Haniet E. Wescott) Evans, b. HudBrewer and Maltster, and Mayor uf City residence, 214
(
;
Levi F. Longley, son of Samuel M. and Lydia A. (Fisk) Longley, b. Hudson, N. Y., 1846, Lawyer, County Clerk
Chas.
Warren
Street.
W.
B. Elting, sonof
1837, Dealer in Boots
David
J.
V. V.and Mary A. (Band) Elting, b. Hudson, N. Y., and Shoes ; 336 Warren Street. Ely, son of David and Elizabeth (Osbom) Ely, b. Catsk.ll, Greene Co.,
8.
Abram
W.Lyon,
8.
son of Wesley and Eliza J. (Wilson) Lyon,
1876, Dealer in Lager; 103

C.
Stephen B. Miller, son of Henry

1824, Bookseller
re-idence, 2S2 Union Street b. Greenwich, Conn., Warren, and 8 and 10 Allen StreeU. snd Eliza (Baile.v) Miller, b. Hudson, N. Y.,
;
N. Y.,
1808,
Hotel-Keeper; No.
Feiry Street
and Stationer; residence,
iit
Worth House.
437
438
EJrard
P.

Magonn, son of Stephen
L. anil
NEW
s.
YORK.
b.
Marianne (Peireon) Uagonn,
b.
Daniel Sargeint, son of Frazier and Pitsis rLovell)Sargeant,

ter Co., Mass.,
Holden, Worces-
Hudaon, S. Y, Lawyer; residence, Union Street, comer Seventh Street. Chas. B. Miller, son of Cornelius H. and Mary (Van Wagenin) Miller, b. Hudaon, N. T, 1851, Proprietor Worth House; 81, 83, and 87 Warren iitreet.
CliM. C. Macy, on of
1H17 (retired)
residence, 20
Union
Street.
b.
B. J. Smith, son of John H. and Elizabeth (Best) Smith,
Livingston, N. Y.,
N.
Y,
1830, Cashier Farmera' National
Edward H. and Deborah J. Bank;
(Coffln)
residence, 97
b.
Macy, b. Hudson, Union Street.

Clermont, N. Y.,
1836, Fruit Dealer; 338 Warren Street. Fayette A. Stupplebeen, son of J. H. and F. L. Stupplebeen, b. Ghent, N. Y.,
P. Miller, son of
Jacob
L and
Charlotte (Seaman) Miller,

;
Henry Sheldon, son

Miller
Secretary of the Board of Water Commteiooers
residence.
Academy
1855, Dealer In Boots and Shoes; 341 Warren Street of Maurice and Elizabeth (Rockefeller) Sheldon, Taghkanlc, N. Y., 1836, Grocer; 326 Warren Street.
b.
W.
HilL
W.
Snyder, son of Levi and Eva E.
(Jliller)
Snyder,
b.
Claverack, N. Y.,
Milo P. Moore, son of Bernard and Hannah (Berger) Moore, b. Hillsdale, N. Y, 1831, Merchant; 239 Warren Street. Wm. J. Miller, son of Andris S. and Gertrude (Clapper) Miller, b. Claverack, N. Y^, 1816, Manufacturer of Stoves, Cooking and Healing; 32 Warren
Street.
1849, General Grocer; 128
Warren
Street.
b. New LebaGeneral Grocer; cor. Warren and First Streets. Edwin C. Terry, sou of Conklin and Deborah (Coffin) Terry, b. CaUkill, Greene Co., N. y,, 8. 1818 (retired), ex-County Clerk; residence, 55 Allen Street.
Willard Sluyter, son of William and Patty (Waterman) Sluyter,

non, N.
y., 1827,
H. Malleson, son of Charles and Sarah Ann (Talbort) Malle.on, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., 8. 1871, Book-Keeper; 177 Union Street. C. V, H. Morrison, son of John and Sarah (Herrington) Morrison, b. Greene 134 Warren Street. Co., N. Y., s. 1825, Commission Merchant A. C. Macy, 3d son of Cyrus and Harriet J. (Billings) Macy, b. Hudson, N. Y., Dealer In Boots and Shoes 13.1 Warren Street. 1816, Jnok Macy, son of Alexander and Mary (Jessnp) Macy, b. Hudson, N. Y., 1839, Dealer iu Cigars and Tobacco 206 Warren Street Geo. H. Mncy, son of Alexander and Mary (Jessup) Macy, b. Hudson, N. T.,
C.
;
Chas. C. Terry, sou of Conklin and Deborali (Coffln) Terry,
b.
Hudaon, N.
Hudson, N.
Y.,
Mercliant; residence, 169 Union Street.

Silas
W. Tobey, son
1813, Paints
I.
of Silas and Elizabeth

Oils; 297
Hardwick) Tobey,
b.
Y.,
and
Warren
Street.
and Tobacco 206 Warren Street. Aug. McKinstry, son of George and Susan L. (Hamilton) McKlnstry,
1841, Dealer in Cigars
;
b.
Hud-
son, N. y., 1821, Druggist; residence.
Academy
Hill.
John
C.
Newkirk, son of Charles and Ann (Crist) Newkirk, b. Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y., a. 184^1, Lawyer, ex-Coonty Judge; residence, 151
-Vllen Street.
b. Hudson, N. T., Fourth and Diamond Streets. Wm. H. Traver, son of Wm. I. and Maria (Coons) Traver, b. Hudson, N. Y., 1841, Lumber Dealer; cor. Allen and Willard Place. Jacob Ten Broeck, son of Jacob and Christina (Schepmoes) Ten Broeck, b. Clermont, N. Y., 1800 (retired), ex-member of Assembly; residence, cor. Warren and Eighth Streets. Sherman Van Ness, son of John I. and Martha (Sherman) Van Ness, b. Chatham, N. Y., 1817, Civil Engineer, City Surveyor; residence, 70 Union
Wm.
Traver, son of Jacob and Lucy (Hardick) Traver,
1813,
Lumber Dealer;
cor.
Street, cor. Second.

C. A.
Van Deuaen, son

State Street.
of
Simeon and Hannah (Crandall ) Van Deusen,
b.
Ghent,
John H. Overhiser, son of George and Cynthia (Hogemen) Overhiser, b. Lagi-ange, Dutchees Co., N. Y., s. 1813, Police Justice, ex-Member of Assembly
residence, 163 Allen Street.
N. Y., 1826, Pork Packer, Provision and Flour Dealer; residence, 347
Conkliii
W. Oakley,
son of Jacob
I.
and Mary (Conklln) Oakley,
b.
Copake,
N. Y., 1839, General Grocer; 353 Warren Street.
Wlllard Peck, Bon of Durius and Harriet M. (Hudson) Peck, b. Hudson, N. Y., 1844, Attorney and Connselor-at-Law; residence, 6 WillHrd Place,
John K. Voaburg, aon of Abraham G. and Sarah B. (Simmons) Vosburgh. b. Hudson, N.Y., 1845, Dry Goods Merchant; residence, 265 Diamond Street Steplten Viillett son uf Stephen and Freelove (Green) Vallelt b. Kindeihouk, N. Y., 1820, Agent Albany and Catsklll Steamboat Company Columbia
;
Street.
Darius Peck, son of Bev. John and Sarah (Ferris) Peck,

Co.,
b.
Norwich, Chenango
N. T.,
B.
1825,
Lawyer, ex-County Juilge;
residence, 76
Warren
M. Parker Williams, son of John and Sarah (Parker) Williams, h. Maine,s. 1857, Editor and Proprietor of Dai^ Begiater and Weekly
Central Square.
Bel Cist,
Gazette;
Street.
Elizabeth Peake, daughter of Ira and Martha (Morgan) Peake,
b. Chatliiini,
Johu
V. WhitUcck, sou of Volkert
N. Y., Princi|ial of Hudson Young Ladifs' Seminary. Sophia Peake, daughter of Ira and Martha (Morgan) Peake,
Principal of
Rhinebeck, Dutchess
b.
Co.,
N. Y.,
and CaroUne (Rockefeller) Whilbeck, h. b. 1838, Attorney and Couuselor-at-Law;
Ghent, N.
Y.,
re.-ideiiie,
5U Niutli Fifth Street
Hudson Young
Ladles' Seminary.
Wm.
D. Perry, son of Oliver H. and Christina (Hall) Peiry, b. Perryville, Md.,

3.
Hudson .\cademy; Academy Hill, Horace Payne, son uf Rector and Hannah Maria (Burton) Payne, b. Washington, Dutchess Co., N. Y., s. 1820, Grocer; 135 Warren Street. John M. Pearson. Wm. H. Potts, son of Jonas L. and Mary J. (Coons) Potts, h. Hudson, N. Y.,
1875, Principal
John M. Welch, siiu uf William and Maria (McAIIaster) Welch, b. Scliaghticoke, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., s. 1850, Lawyer; residence, W6 Warren Street. John P. Wheeler, M.D. Thomas O. Wells, son of Richard I. and Ann M. (Alcolt) Wells, b. New York C.ty, 8. 1837, Dealer and Manufacturer of Furniture 288 Warren Street E. Wat.rbury, son of Charles and Naomi (Hiiag) Watcrbury, b. Nassau, Rensselaer Co., N. y., s. 1853, Maltster; 56 Warren Street
;
1843, Contractor; 56
North Fifth
Street.
Jr.,
Claudius Bnckefeller, son of Philip H.,
Germantown, N. Y., State and Sixth Streets.

b.
1849, Attorney
and Elizabeth (Miller) Rockefeller, and Couri-elor; residence, cor.

Riiiiey, b.
3;tma6l R. Rainoy, son of Robert and
Mary (Pearce)
Hudson, N.
;
T.,
KINDERHOOK.
William H. Atwoud, son of J. S. and Mary (Orr) Atwood, b. Chillicothe, 0., 8. 1872, Attorney-at-Law; P. 0., Klnderhook Village. S. N. Brown, son uf George and Muriu Elizabeth (Tarrant) Brown, b. Columbia Co N. Y., 1831, Carriage aud Sluigli Builder; P. 0., Klnderhook. Thomas M. Burt son of Thos. M. and Lvdia (Butts) Burt b. Albany Co., N. Y., 8. 1841 (letired); residence, Klnderhook J hn Br.iy, sun of John ami Agnes (Devue) Uray, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1823, Farmer; P. O., Klnderhook. J. C. Boyd, son of Dr. J. P. and Mary A, Boyd, b. Alliany Co., N. Y., s. 1871,
,
General Manager of Clapp

108 Union Street.
& Jones Manufacturing Cuinpauy

b.
residence,
Alex.
S.
Rowley, son of James and Sarah (New) Rowley,
Claverack, 1816,
Lawyer and Solicitor of Patents; resideuce. No. 333 Union Street. Allen Rossman, son of Jacob and Naucy M. (Latling) Rossman, b. Claverack, 1813, Druggist; residence, Prospect Avenue.
J. C.
Rugerson.
S.
John
Co., N. Y., 1820,
Ruy, son of Samuel and Mary (Eastman) Ray, Superintendent of Water Works
;
b.
Hud^tun, Columbia
Warren
Street.
b.
Leonard
J.
Rossman, sou of Jacob W. and Sarah (Hawes) RoHsman,

;
Stock-
Pastor Presbyterian Church
P. O., Valalie.
port, N. Y., 1842, Druggist
202 Warren Street.

b.
George Behler, son of
J.
H. and
Anna
(Laib) Behler, b.
Gonnany,
a.
1874,
BenJ. Bay, son of Samuel and
Mary (Eastman/ Ray,
Hudaon, N.
Y., 1819,
Tailor; P.O., Valatle.
Engineering, ex-Senalor and Assemblyman; 29 Allen Street. Harper W, Rogers, son of Samuel and Phfflbe (Coulee) Rogers, b. Queeusbury,
L.
W.
Warren Co., N. Y., s, 1829, Dealer in ond Manufacturer of Paper, exAssemblyman; residence. Green Street. Reid, son of Elkanah and Patty Rawson) Reid, b. Townsend, Vt., s. 1855,
(
son of Ezra and Mary (Atwood) Collier, h. N. Y. City, s. 18M, Pa.itar Dutch Rofurmed Church; P. 0., Klnderhook. Gerrit S. Collier, son of Jonas and Hannah (Saycr) Collier, b. Greene Co, N. Y.,
Edward A.
Collier,
Principal of No.
School
Wa.ihington near Sixth Street.
Reuben Reynolds, son

Greene
Street.
Co.,
uf Allen
N.Y.,B.18J2, Dealer
and Hannah (Winelow) Reynolds, b. Athens, iu Leather and Findings; 29 Columbia
Robt
B.
liersl,
Sbepard, son of Jonathan and Rebecca (Blunchard) Shepaid, b. AmN. H., 8. 1854, President First Nalioiiul Bank ; res dence, 245
Street.
b.
Warren
Wm.
St. J.
Seymour, son of George E. and Julia A. (Rorabnck) Seymour,
Bank; residence, 2C7 Warren Street. Eber and Amanda (Ilicock) Scott, li. Harpersfleld, Dela1837 (retired) residence. No. 229 Warren Street. H. Lyle Smith, M.D., son of S.meun P. and Eliza V. N. (Lyie) Smilli, b. New York City, s. 1848, Phy.ician and Surgeon, Health Offlcer of Hudson; offlci', 94 Warren Street. E. Simpson, M.D., sou of John B. and Eunice (Tucker) Simpson, b. AshBeid, Aaron
B. Scott, son of
Co., N. Y.,
Huilson, N. y.. Cashier 1st National
ware
8.
Mius.,
s.
1832, Physician
and Surgeon.
P. 0., Klnderhook. b. Germany, s. 1840, Dealer and Gents' Furnishing Goods, and Justice of the Peace P. 0., Klnderhook. George Canaday, son of Wm. aud Clirisliana (Gifford) Canaday, b. Albany Co., N. Y., 8. 1862, Farmer; P. 0., Kinderiiook. Newton Dexter, aon of Chaiincy and Theudosia (Wood) Dexter, b. Albany Co., N. Y., 8. 1876, Rector St Paul's Clinrch P. 0., Klnderhook. Charles W. Davie, son of James and Eliza (Wood) Davis, b. Albany Co., N. Y., s. 1860, Editor Tlie Rough A'oiej; P. 0., Kiuderhook. C. F. Davis, aon of John B. and Sarah A. (Lovejoy) Davis, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1833, Paper Manufacturer; P. 0., Valatie. Alonzo H. Farrar, aon of Franklin O. anil Mary A. (Hawley) Farrar,-b. Rutland Co., Vt.,s. 1867, Altorney-at-Law; P. 0., Klnderhook. L. E. Fellows, son of Wm. and Catharine (Stall) Fellows, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., s. 1844, Farmer; P. 0., Klnderhook. Martin Gerst, son of Gersum and Funny Gerst b. Germany, s. 1854, Dry Goods, Carpetings, and Oil Cloths, P. 0., Valatie.
8.
1808,
Attorney-at-Law
Jacob Cook, son of George and Anna (Acker) Cook,

in Hats, Caps,
HISTORY OP COLUMBIA COUNTY,

A. B. Garfenjer, son of DnTid W. and Eliiabetb A. (Benedict) Gardenler, b. Ck)lamtia Co., N. T., Sept. 26, 1848, Attorn ey-al-Law; P. 0., Talalie. Asa Bong, son of Asa and Mary (Hunt) Hoag, b. Dutchess Co., N. T., s. 1833
(t^tired); residence,
NEW
YORK.
439
CLAVERACK.
Samuel and Elizaliath (Kel's) Andenon, b. ColQlnbis Co., N. Y., 1827, Farmer; P. 0, HoUowville. Nelson P. Akin, eon of James and Amanda (Britt! Akin, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18-39, Manufacturer; Pbilmont Stephen K. Barton, son of Solomon C. and Amy (Green) Barton, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y., 1826, Farmer and Miller P. 0., Philmont. Abel I. Bristol, son of Ellphalet and Laura (Crocker) Bristol, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18.32, Dealer in Hay, Straw, and Coal P. O., Claverack. Edward A. Best, son of Tunis aud Lovina (DoanI Best, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 18;)4, Farmer; P. 0., Hudson.
Peter
S.
Kiuderbnok.
Anderson, son
of
Chas. H.
Housman, son of
Co.,
Wm.
s.
C.
and Sarah Augasta (Tulman) Housman,

;
b.
Bockland
N. T.,
1867 (retired)
residence, Talalie.
b.
Abraham Harder, son

N.
of Peter
and Lucretia (Van VIeck) Harder,
Columbia
Co., N. Y., 1820, Farmer; P. 0., Viilalie. Harder, son of Wm. N. and Jane . (Horton) Harder, b. Feb. 14, 1821, Farmer; P. 0., Kiuderljook. Thomas Kingman, son of Ebenezer and Catharine (SilTemail) Kingman, b. Columbia Co., N. T., 1810, Farmer; P. O., Nlverville. James Kiuginan, son of Kbenezer and Catharine (Silvernail) Kingman, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1813, Farmer; P. 0., Nivervllle. G. Kingman, son of Ebenezer and Catharine (Silvernail) Kingman, h. Columbia
W.
J.
Co., N. Y., 1804 (retired); residence, Nivenrille.
W.
B. Mesick, son of Uenr; P. and Elizabeth (Bundall) Uesick,

Co.,
b.
Columbia
Thomas Carrull. W. Conklln, son of John and Eliza (Proscus) Conklin, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1833, Merchant and Farmer P. 0., Martindale. Henry J. Crousz, son of Henry and Frances M. (Ackerly) Croosz, b. Westches;
N. Y.,
180.1,
President National Bank, Klnderhuok.
ter Co., N. Y.,
s.
1871, Railroad
Agent; Philmont.
James Mix, son of James and Elizabeth (Visscher) Mix, b. Albany Co., N. Y., s. 1866, Watchmaker and Jeweler; P. O., Klnderhouk. Martin M. Miller, son of J. M. and Frances (Sheldon) Miller, b. Columbia Co,
N. Y., 1823 (retired)
;
residence, Valalie.
(Teal) Miller, b. Bensselaer Co.,
Ueory
J.
L. MilleT, son of
Henry and Rebecca
N.
Y
,
s.
1815 (retired); residence, Vahitle.

of Daniel E. and
;
W. Merwin, son
Co
N.
Mary
A. (Shufelt) Merwin,
b.
Colnmbia
b. Colnmbia Co., Farmer P. 0., Melleuville. John B. Cookingham, son of Frederick I. and Christina (Shultus) Cookinghani, h. Dutchess Co., N. Y., s. 1832, Farmer; P. 0., Churchtown. David Crego.Jr, son of David and Susannah (Poultney) Crego,b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1813, Fanner; P. 0., Claverack. Anna Crego, daughter of Orville and Amy (Briggi) Sackett, b. C^jlnmbia Co.,
Chas. Coventry, son of David and Maria (Gaylbuck) Coventry, N.
1832,
1840, Dentist
P. 0., Valatle.
and Jane (Van TIeck) Pmyn, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1812, Phyi-ician and Surgeon; P..0., Kinderhook. Peter V. S. Pruyn, M.D., son of Dr. John M. and Margaret (Van Siliaack) Pruyn, b. Columbia County, N. Y., 1841, Physician and Surgeon P. O.,
L. Pruyn, M.D., ton of
John
I.
N. Y., 1829 P. O., Claverack. Jordan Coon", son of John and Susan (Shuttis) Coons, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1848, Farmer; P. 0., Hollowvllle. Eliza Conklln, daughter of Frederick and Hannah (Shotis) Proseus, b. Colum;
blii
Co..
N. Y., 1811
P. 0., Martindale.
Kinderhook.
Robert. Deoker, son of John N. and

S.
Mary
(Melius) Decker,
b.
Columbia
Co.,
and Kachael (Gregory) Palmer, b. Albany Cu.,N. Y., s. 1842. Hardware Merchant P. O., Valatle. George Reynolds, son of John H. and Margaret A. (Whiting) Reynolds, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1847, Merchant and Postmaster; Kinderhook. James A. Reynolds, od of John H. and Margaret A. (Whiting) Reynolds, b. Columlda Co., N. Y., 18S^, Teller National Union Bank of Kinderhook. FfHuklin RUedorph, son of Edward and Sophia (Tater) RIsedorpb, b. Columbia P. 0., Kinderhook. Co., N. Y., 1843, Hamesa-Miiker anil Livery Wm. H. Ralney, son of Robert and Mry (Pierce) Kalney, b. ColiinibU Co., N. Y., 1831. Cashier of National Union Bank of Kinderitook. J. B. RichmuDd, sun of Ellas and Lucenia (Boughton) Richmond, l<, Columbia Co., N. Y., 13;'.6, Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots and Sliues; P. 0,
D. Palmer, son of Caleb
;
;
N. Y., 1818, Farmer; P. 0, Martindale Depot. Chas. F. Ellsworth, son of George and Rebecca (Hirrenger) Ellsworth, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1831, Carpenter and Machinist P. O.. Philmont.
;
Alonzo Flack, son of James H. and Jane (Randies) Flack,

ton Co., N. Y.,
s.
b.
1854, President Claverack College
Argyle, Washingend Hudson River
Inst tute; P. 0, Claverack.
Peter R. Flngar, son of Solomon and Catharine (Simmons) Fingar,

Co., N. y., 1838,
b.
Columbia
b.
Farmer;
P.
0,
Claverack.
Henr}' P. Hnrtun, son of George P. and Magdalena (Miller) llorton,

bia C", N. Y 1821, Attoniey-aJ-Law P. 0., Pbilmont. Edwin Herrick, son of Burton and Eva (Cob') Herrick, b. Columbia 18.38, Machinist; P. 0, Philmont.
, ;
Colum-
Co., N. Y.,
Valatle.
W. H.
;
Horton, son of Mandeville-and Sarah (Miller) Horton, b. Columbia Co.,

N. y.. 1847, Railroad Agent; P.
,
U. Beynulda, son of Thomas and Jano A. (Ham) Reynolds, b. Rensselaer Co, N. v., 8. 1873, Clerk P. 0., Valatle. Francis Silvrster, son of Peter H. and Cathnrine (Brouk) Silvester, b. Greene Co., N. Y., 8. 1840, Altoruey-at-Law P. 0., Kinderhook. J. F. Sudam, son of Dr. Charles and Anua (Miller) Sudum, b. Columbia Co.,
;
Wm.
Mellenvllle.
N. Y., 13U8
(retired)
residence, Kinderhook.
Wm.
H. Silvernail, son of
Co.,
Adam and Laura

;
(Tanner) SUveruall,
b.
Rensselaer
N.
Y,
a.
1844,
Attomey-at-Law
P. 0., Valatie.
Thomas
Shaug\iDess, son of Patrick and

Co.,
lumbia
Mary (Kennedy) Sbaugbness, b. CoN. Y., 1836, Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots and Shoes;
Thomas and Caroline (Coons) Hotaling, b. Columbia Co., Merchant; P. 0, Pbilmont Eliza Homfager, daughter of Adam and Margaret (Rouse) Homfager, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18116 P. O., H.illowville. H. P. Hsm, son of Jjicub P. and Maria (Oe Lameter) Ham, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1834, Farmer; P. 0., Claverack. Samuel W. Harris, son of Moses and Reiiffa (Flandera) Harris, b. Hupkluton, N. H., s. 1850, Iron Founder; P. 0., Claverack. Chas. W. Hagaman, b. Oilnmbia Co., N. Y., Proprietor of Union Hotel P. O.,
A. S. Hutallng, son of
N.
Y,
1833,
P. 0., Valatie.
Hollowvllle.
John Snyder, sou of Philip and Mary (Fltcb) Snyder, b. Essex Co., N. J., s. Valatle. 1847, Tin Manufacturer P. Theodore Snyder, son of Henry and Eliza (Van Alstyne) Snyder, b. (^lumbla Co., N. Y., 1836, Fanner; P. 0., Kinderhook. Wm. H. Tobey, son of Joshua and Hannah (Fearing) Tobey, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1799, President National Union Bank of Kinderhook. Geo. H. Taylor, son of Samuel H., LL.D., and Caroline P. (Packer) Taylor, b. Essrx Co, Mass., s. 1S77, Principal of Kinderliouk Academy. Barent Van Alstyne, son of Isaac ami Maria (Vosburgh) Van Alstyne, b. Columbia Co, N. y., 1818, Vice-President Natioual Union Bank of Kluder;
Wm.
A. Harder, Jr., son of P.
M. and
Calista (Nash) HArder, b.
Columbia
b.
Co.,
N.
Carlos
Y, 1849, Manufacturer of Knit Goods; P. O, Melleuville. Hammond, son of Abner and Lncinda (Andrews) Hammond,
Hes.s,
Greene
Co.,
Myron
1838,
N. Y., B. 1809, Fanner; P. 0., Claverack. son of Jacob and Christina M. (Teal) Hess, Farmer; P. 0.. Claverack.
b.
Colnmbia
Co., N. Y.,
liook.
Horton Harder, son of Win. N. and Jane E. (Horton) Harder, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1828, Manufacturer of Paper; P. 0., CasUeton. Nicholas N. Harder, son of Wm. N. and Jane E. (Horton) Harder, b. Oilumbia Co., N. Y., 1820, Farmer and I'aper Manufactunr; P. O., Kimlerhook. Chas. Jacobia, son of William and Polly (Bliody) Jacobia, b. Columbia Co.,
N.
y., 1842,
Aaron
F. B.
J.
Vanderpool, son of John and Sarah

Co.,
W.
;
(Oakley) Vanderpool,
b.
Co-
Proprietor of Vaiiderbilt House, Philmont.
lumbia
N.
y., 1825,
Altorney-al-La
P. 0., Kinderhook.
Van
Alstyne, eon of John T. and Jane (Ackerman)
Van
Alstyne,
b.
Albany
C.
Co., N. Y., B. 1866, Druggist; P. O., Kinderhook. M. Van Valkinbnrgb, son of Richard and Polly (Devoe) Van Valkinburgh, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1822, Police, Saddler and Harness-maker; P. 0., Kinderhook.
Henry Jordan, sun of Abmni and Catharine (.Mesick) Jordan, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1822, Farmer; P. 0., Hud-on. John W. Jenkins, son of Charles and Hannah (Waterman) Jenkins, b. Ck<lumbla Co., N. Y., 1787. (Deceased.) Geo. Jacobl, son of Heniy and Jane (Tator) Jacnbl, Farmer; P.O., Pbilmont.
b.
Columbia
Co.,
N. Y., 1823,
J.
and Maria (Van Buren) Van Valkinburgh, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1817, Farmer; P. O., Kinderhook. P. B. Van Slyck, son of Barent and Catharine (Pulver) Van Slyck, b. Columbia
H. Viin Valkinburgh, son of Henry
I.
Mary
Jacobi, daughter of Christopher and
Anua Maria
(Teal) Miller, b. Co-
lumbia
Co., N. Y., 1829; P. O.,
Philmont.
Co., N. y., 1817, Druggist; P. 0., Valatie.
Augustus W. Wynkoop, son of Augustus and Anna (Whiting) Wynkoop, Columbia Co., N. Y., 1844, Cashier National Bank of Kinderhook.
Cliarles Wild, sou of
b.
Nathan and Sarali (Henry) Wild, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1828, Cotton Manufacturer; P. 0, Valatie. F. E. Wagoner, son of E. and Hannah Wagoner, b. Columbia Co N. y., 18.il, Farmer; P. O., Kinderhook. A. E. Wagoner, sou of E. and Hannah Wagoner, b. Colnmbia f o N. y., 1845, Farmer; P.O., Kinderhook.
, ,
b. Columbia Co., N. Y, Farmer; P. 0., Claverack. Jordan W. Lockwood, sou of Daniel H. and Hannah (Tator) Lockwood, b. Columbia Co., N. y 1*16, Physician and Surgesn P. O., Philmont. Isoleh W. Merrill, son of Moses K. and Sophia S. (Lindsev) Merrill, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., mi6, Pniprietor of ViUiige Prra, Phlmont. Samuel S. Miller, son of Samuel A. and Margari-t (Wise) Miller, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1802, Farmer P. 0., Hollowvllle. Joanna Miller, daughter of Frederick and Slina (Vosburgh) Pechtel, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1805 P. 0., HoUowville. Christina Miller, daughter of John C. aud Polly (Snyder) Miller, b. Columbia
Thomas
Lasher, son of Jacob and Maria (Fingar) Lasher,
1812,
Co., N. Y., 1S28; P. 0., Hollowvllle.
440
Era
E. Miller,

dsaghur
;
NEW
Y,
YORK.
(
of
Henry
0.
and Mary (Platoer)
Miller, b. Culnmlila
John Sagendorph, son

bia Co, N.
Co N. Y, 1837 P. 0, HolloWTille. Milton Mortin, son of John and Cyrena (Durham) Martin,
N. T, 1814, Farmer; P. 0., Claverack. Peter Meeick. non of Jacob P. and GUzHbcth (Naae) Meslck, N. T, 1816, Farmer; P. O., Claverack.
b.
Colnnibia Co.,
Peter Shnlts, son of
b.
Columbia Co^
John
eon of Jeremiah C. and Elizabetli (Clark) Miller, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1812, Farmer; P. O., Claverack. Frederick Meaick, son of Peter and Christina (Monls) Mesick, b. Columbia Co.,
E-- Miller,
N. T., 1791.
(Deceased.)
b.
of Andrew and Maria Whitbeck) Sagendorph, b. ColumFarmer; P. 0, Hndson, Henry and Anna C. (Cism) Shults, b. Montgomery Co, N. Y., s. 1816, Farmer; P. 0, Humphreyville. Levi Snyder, son of Wm. H. and Margaret (Shults) Snyder, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1822, Farmer; P. 0., Hollowville. Harmon Sagendorph, son of Adam and Catharine (Leggett) Sagendorph, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1815, Farmer; P. 0, Mellenville. Martin B, Lorenzo B, and John H. Snyder, sons of John P. and Delia (Brown) Snyder, b. Colnmbia Co, N. Y, 1845, 1846, and 1852, Merchants; P. 0.,
1821,
Abmm
J.
Co, N. Y,
Meslck, son of Jacob P. and Elizabeth (Nase) Mesick, 1811, Farmer; P. 0., Claverack.
Columbia
Philip H. MerriflelJ, son of Wslter
W. and Ann
Eliza (Pulver) Mcrrifleld, b.
Colnmbia Co, N. Y, 1854, Farmer; P. 0, Claverack. John Me-iick, son of Jacob P. and Eli&ibeth (Nase) Mesick, b. Columbia Cu, N. Y., 1814, Farmer P. 0, Claverack. Friend Miller, son of Jacob M. and Frances (Sheldon) Miller, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1826, Farmer; P. 0, Claverack. David P. Moone.v, s>in of David nnd Charlss (Lane) Mooney, b. Potnam Co., N. Y., a 1812, Farmer: P. 0, Hollowville. Peter W. Merrifield. son of Walter W. and Ann Ell7.a (Pnlver) Herr^fleld, b. O.lunibia Co, N. Y.,1843, Farmer; P. 0, Clnvetack. Wm. H. Miller, son of Michael S. and Eva (Clapper) Miller, b. Columbia Co.,
;
Philmont. Nelson Sagendorph, son of .\dam and Catharine (Leggett) Sagendorph, Claverack. lumbia Co, N. Y, 1831, Farmer; P. Helen Sagendorph, daughter of Jacob P. and Maria (Delamater) Ham,
, ;
b.
CoCo-
b.
lumbia Co., N. y.. 1831 P. O., CTaverack. George A. Traver, son of Frederick I. and ElizHbeth (Teal) Traver, b. Columb'a Co, N. Y, 1824, Farmer; P. 0., Philmont. Myron Thompson, son of Duncan and Catharine (Mclntyre) Thompson, b, Dutchess Co, N. Y., s. 1873, Farmer; P. 0., Claverack. C. L. Vaiiderpoel, son of James and Lydia (Kingman) Vanderpoel, b. Columbia
Co.,
N.
Y,
1858, Artist
Penman
P. O.,
Pllilmont.
Edward
L.
Van De Boe, son
of David and Betsey (Bagley)
Van De
Boe,
b.
Co-
Farmer P. O, Holl..wville. Hamiiin Miller, son of Samuel Maud Elizabeth (Bacbman) Bliller, b. Colnmbia Co, N. Y, 1828, Farmer; F. 0., Claverack. Christina Miller, ilangliterof John L. and Eliza (Miller) Putts, b. Colnmbia Co,
N.
Y,
1807.
Allen
S. Miller,
N. y, 18;; I'. 0, Oiiverack. son of Saninel M. and Elizabeth (Bachman) Miller, C., N. Y, 1822, FarmiT; P. 0., Claverack.
b.
rdnmbia
Farmer; P. 0, Claverack. Hannah Van De Boe, daughter of Abram and Hannah (Spnr) Vosbnrgh, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1790; P. O., Claverack. Jacob F. Van Rensselaer, son of Henry P. and Jane (Fort) Van Rensselaer, b. Colnmbia Co, N. Y., 1820, Farmer; P. O Hudson. Polhemus Van Wyck, son of Jacob G. and Cornelia (Pulhemue) Van Wyck, b. Dutches* Co N. Y., s. 1869, Clergyman P. 0, Hudson.
lumbia Co, N.
Y., 1820,
, , ;
S.
V. C.
Miller, son of Cliristupher S. Miller, b. Colnmbia Co, N. Y, 18:U, Farmer and ManuCicturor; P. 0, Mellenville. Clii-st' r M Her, S'ln ofSauioel M. and Elizabeth (aicliman) Miller, b. Colnmbia Co, N. Y, 1848. Farmer; P. 0., Churchtown. Geu. B. Nickerson, son of Andrew and Theodoc'a (Bercli) Nickeiw)n, b. Schoharie Co, N. Y, . 1840, Farmer; P. O, Phlimont. David C. Ne<'fuii, son of Buluf and Ann (Carshore) Neefu', b. Colnmbia Co.,
Almun
laer, b.
Henry Van Dens -n, son

lumbia
Co.,
Van Rensselaer, son of Robert H. and Ann (Ten Broeck) Van RenaseCilu la C, N. Y, 1829, Farmer; P. 0, Claverack. of Nicholas J. and Betsey (Niver) Van Deusen, b. CoWiley, son of
Wm.
John
S. C.
N. Y.. 1821, Fanner; P.O., Hollowville. H m. J. and Eleanor (McKee) Wiley,
b.
Scotland,
s.
1875, Machinist; P.
0, Ph.lmont.
0. Wallomiire, son of Robert S. and Helen (Van Valkeubnrg) Waltermire,

b.
Merchant P. 0., Hollowville. ii of Uuluf and Ann (Carihore) Neefn, b. Colombia tJo., N. Y, 1821, Boot and Slioe Maker, and P.iBtniater of Claverack. George W. Philip, son of Wm. G. and Clirislina (Storm) Philip, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1800, Mannfacturcr; P. O, Philmont. Catharine Plainer, danghter of John G. and Margaret (Stufflobeen) Gridley, b. Schoharie Co, N. Y, I8H; P. 0., Hollowville. Frederick D. Pnltz, son uf Adam O. and Mary (Cookingham) Pultz, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1815, Farmer; P. O, Claverack. Anna Maria Pnllz, <laughter of Christopher and Elizabeth (Lupe) Hagadom, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., lol6; P. 0, Cbiverack. John A. P<rst, son of John J. and Ellzabctll (Wagner) Post, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1826, Farmer; P. O., Martindalo. Wm. G. Philip, son of George and Jane (Oatmnder) Philip, b. Coliinil.la Co, N. Y 1781. (De eased.) Albert Pnlv.-r, son of John and Sa-ali (Strcver) Pnlver, b. Dulcliesa Co.,^. Y,
N.
Y,
1818,
Qeo.
W.
Nerfus.
1818, Merchant; P. O, Melbmville. Benjamin and Mary (Miller) Wilkinson, b. BctwPhilmont Kn:tting Mills. Robert Waltermire, son of Robert S. and Helen (Van Valkenburgh) Waltermire, b. Racine Co, Wis, a. 18.'i6, Merchant; P. 0., Philmont. Thomas White, son of Joseph and Amelia (Duck) White, b. Nuttlnghiimehire Co, Eng, a. 1873, Knitter in Philmont Hosiery Mill. Edward and Thomas Willlama,son8 of Jeremiah M.and Anna Maria (Gebliard) Williams, b. Columbia Co.,N. Y., 1832 and 1838, Farmers P. 0., Claver.ick.
Colnmbia Co, N. Y,
Hiram
F. Wilkinson, son of
selaer Co, N.
Y,
a.
1865, Superintendent of
LIVINGSTON.
C. E.
Bingham, son of Eliaha

Conn.,
s.
C. and. Jnlla (Cone)
Bingham,
b.
Middlesex Co.,
Thomas
1868, Proprietor of Cnl'>n Hotel
Plerre'Pnlver,son of
P. O, Htllenville. Andrew H.aud Margaret(Miller) Pulver, b.Culnnibia Co,

;
N. Y.
Manufacturer: P. U, Germantown. and Catharine (Lape) Beat, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 18li:l, Farmer; P. 0, Glencoe Mills. Hiram Bathrick, son of Jonathan and Doratha (Decker) Bathrick, b. Dutchess Co N. Y, a. 1807, Farmer P. O, Glencoe Mills. Milton Bryant, son of Wm. and Cornelia Bryant, b. Colombia Co., N. Y., 1820,
18G4,
Best, son of Julin
William U. Philip, son of Cul. Henry J. and Catharine D. (Hoffnian) Philip, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1825, I-awyer, Warhlngton, V. C; P. O., Claverack.
Harper W. Rogera, son of Samuel and Phoelw (Connelly) Sogers, b. Warren Co, N. Y, s. 1829, Mannbcturer; P. O lin.lson. Stephen Ro^sman, sun of Frederk-k and Cornelia (Van Deusen) Bossman, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1805, Fanner; P. O, Claverack. Richard ttnaliniin, sou of Jacob and Naucy H. (Letting) Russman, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y, 1817, Farmer; P. 0, aaveniek. A. nnd E. Rowley, sons of John and Mary J. (Mooney) Rowley, b, Dutchess Co, N. Y, . 1812, Farmers; P. 0., Claverack. Alexander Bossman, son of Rodolphus and Mary Jane (Van Alleu) Rossman, b. Columbui Co., N. Y, 1848, Farmer; P. O, Claverack. Robert W. Bossman, son uf Jacob f. and Margaret (Kells) Roasinan, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 18.')9, Fanner; P. O., Claveratk. Martin Baught, son of John and Eliza (Clapper) Raught, I.. Colum'ia Co N. Y., 18:10, Fanner; P. 0., Martlndale. George H. Snyder, son of George S. and Magdalene (Kiltie) Snyder, b Columbia Co, N. Y, 1841, Machinist and Mauufactnrer; P. 0, Philmont. D. W. Sherwood, son of Nebemlah and Mary (Wilson) Sherwood, b. Westchi ster Co, N. Y, 8. 1873, Pastor; P. O, Martlndale Depot.
, ,
Farmer; P. 0, Churchtown. Jacob H. Clum, SOD of Junas and Gitty (Stoll) Clum, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 1825, Farmer; P. 0., Bine Store. Christ John Cooper, son of Christ. John and Christina Cooper, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., s. 1786, Farmer; P. O, Linllthgo. Alexander L. Crorta, son of Alexander and Mary (Livingston) Crofts, b. Columbia Co, N.
Y,
1814 (retired)
P.
O,
Linllthgo.
and Sarah M. (VanAuken) Dixon, b. Dutchess Co, N. Y., a. 1826; P. O, Livingston. Adam Fingar,Bonnf Ellas and Margaret (Clum) Kingar, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1821, Farmer; P.O., Blue Store. Henry Feller, aon of Henry and Mahala (Coons) Feller, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y, s. 1850, Farmer; P. 0, Linllthgo. Johu M. Felts, son of P. and Margaret (Ingles) Felts, b. Columbia Co., N. Y.,
Mary
E. 01x011, danghter of Paul
1844, Jliller; P.
Robt. Gardner, son of James
0, Glencoe Mills. I. and Elizabeth (Harder) Gardner,

(deceased).
b.
Colnmbia
b.
Co, N.
Y., 1807,
Farmer
;
ChiistiiiaOardner, daughter of teter and
Catharine (Flint)
Ruraback,
Co-
J. J. Slurtley, son of
James and Mary (Hubait) Studley, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, Agent; P. 0, Claverack. Maria V. Schumaker, daughter of Barent and Catharine (Van VIeck) Vanderpoel, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 1796 P. O., Claverack. NeUon Stever, son of Andrew and Clarissa (Blxby) Stever, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1816, Farmer; P. 0, Philmont. Catharine M. Stever, daughter of Henry and Jane (Tator) JacobI, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1821 P. O, Philmont. John LShufelt, son of John P. and Mary (Harder) Shufelt, h. Columbia Co, N. Y, 180), Farmer; P. 0., Mellenville.
1821, Railroad
;
lumbia Co., N. y., 1804 P. O., Livingston and Hudson. H. C. Harvey, son of John H. and Mary C. (Hover) Harvey, b. Columbia Co., Linllthgo. N. y, 1844, Farmer; P. Peter T. Ham, son of Teal and Hannah (Rifenburgh) Ham, b. Columbia Co N. y, 1793, Farmer; P. O, Livingston. Andrew Holbmbeck, son of Robert R. aud Nancy Hollenbeck, b. Columbia(3o, N. Y, 18:14, Farmer; P. O, Hndson. Henry W. Livingston, son of Henry W. and Marie Anielie (de Giasse de Pan)
, ,
Livingston,
b.
N.
V,
s.
1824; P.
0, Living.lon.
Brockholst
11.
Livingston, son of B. V. B, and

;
Anna
(Kiiapp) Livingston, b.
Blue Store. Allen Jloore, son of Peter J. and Margaret (Wagner) Moore, N. Y., 1827, s. 18.35, Farmer; P. O., Blue Store.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
P. 0.,
b.
Rensselaer Co,
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTr,

Melissa Moore, daughter of Jos. and
;
NEW YORK.
441
Ann
(Witherwajc) Valentine, b. Dtitcliesa
Co., N. T. P. 0., Blue Store. Joseph Miller, son or Michael anil Gertritdo (Bouse) Miller, b. Culambia N. T., 1827, Farmer; P. 0., Blue Store. n. Q. Mack, SOD of Enoch and Phoebe L. (Roberts) Mack, b. Wyoming Co.,
a.
GERMANTOWN.
Erastus Coons, son of Henry I. and Elizabeth (Peelor) Coons, b. CTermont, N. Y., 1842, Lawyer; P. 0, Gerniantowci.* Horace Fingar. son of Thomas and Juliana (Schults) Fingar, b. Germautown,
N. y.,
18.16,
Co.,
Pa.,
1876,
Fanner;
P. 0., Catskill SUtion.
Farmer;
180-2,
P.
Dorothy A. Miller, daughter of John and Maria (Decker) Whitbeck, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1817 P. 0., Livingston. Thomas Miller, son of Michael and Gertrude (Rouse) Miller, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1820, Farmer and Dealer in Stock; P. 0., Linlithgo.
;
0, Germuntown.
Thomas
Fingar, son of Ellas and Margaret (Clum) Fingar, b. Clermont, Colum-
James Mesick, son
of Slartin and Christina (Van Valkenburgh) Mesick, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1819, Farmer; P. 0., Glencoe Mills. Kelson H. Mesick, son of James iuid Martha J. (Ham) Mesick, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1844, Physician and Surgeon P. 0., Glencoe Mills. Abi^m M.Myers, son of Abram aud Catharine (Decker) Myers, b. Columbia
;
Co.,
N. Y., 1330, Farmer; P.
O.,
Glencoe Mills.
b.
Philip H. Moore, son of
Henry
P.
and Elizabeth (Rihenberg) Moore,
Dutchess
Co, N. Y, 8. 1812, Farmer; P. O., Hudson. Mary Ann Moore, daughter of John and Maria (Fyer) Van Wagen,
Co, N.
1848,
b.
Albany
N. Y.,
s 1809; P.
0, Hudson.
b.
Charles Miller,. son of John H. and Margaret Miller,
Columbia
Co.,
Farmer; P.
0.,
Livingston.
b.
Eeuben
I.
3. Miller,
son of Saml. M. and Elizabeth (Bachman) Miller,
Colum,
bia Co., N.
y,
s.
M.
D. Milutyrs, b.
lithgo.
Farmer; P. 0., Churchtown. Albany Co., N. Y, s. March, 1870, Farmer;

1833,
P.
Lin-
Norman
N.
Xiver, son of Michael C. and Elizabeth
(Him) Niver,
b.
Columbia Co
Y,
1S23,
Wagon-maker:
P. 0.,
Glencoe Mills.
Jacob H. Proper, son of David and Helen (Weaver) Proper, b. Dutchess Co., N.Y., a. 1825, Farmer and Miller; P.O., Livingston.
Martin L.
Potts, son of John L. and Eli7ii C. (Milbr) Potts, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1843, Farmer; P. 0, Glencoe Mills. Wilson Potts, son of John L. and Eliza C. (Miller) Potts, b. Columbia Co., N.Y., 1829, Farmer; P. 0, Livingston. Alexander Patrie, son of Christian and Mary (Pindar) Fatrie, b. Coluinbia Co., N. Y., 1805, Farmer; P. 0., Livingston. Thomas A. Patrie, son o^ Alexander and Clara (Benham) Patlic, b. Columbia
Farmer; P. 0, Germanlown. Josiah Kniakem, son of Peter and Maria (Diefendurf ) Kniakem, b. Carlialr, Schoharie Co, N. Y., 1823, Merchant; P. 0, Germautown. Auguatua L. Lasher, son of Philip P. and Mary (Cross) Lasher, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 1831, Butcher; P. 0, Germanlown. Ephraim Lasher, son of Jacob and Hariah (Fingar) Lasher, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 1818. Farmer; P. 0., Germontown. Amaaa Parker Lasher, son of Ssmoel and Susan (Cronkright) Lasher, b. Germautown, N. y, 1841, Farmer; P. 0, Germautown. Harman Lasher, son of Robert W. and Eva (Phillips) Lasher, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, s. 184:i, Farmer; P. 0, Germantown. Silas Lasher, son of Elias and Polly E. (R<Kkefeller) Lasher, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, s. 183.1, Farmer; P. 0, Linlithgo. George E. Lasher, son of SebasUan G. and Hannah Lasher, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y, s. 1839, Fruit Culturist P. O, North Germantown. William H. Lasher, sn of Jacob J. and Sully Lasher, b. Columbia Co., N. T., s. 1845, Farmer; P. 0, Germantown. Crawford Moore, son of David and Maria (Lasher) Moore, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., s. 1837, Farmer and Assessor P. 0, Germantown. Amos Miller, son of Jacob P. and Charlotte (Seaman) Miller, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, B. 1828, Farmer; P. 0, Linlithgo. Isaac N. Mackey, son of John H. and Eliza (Hollenbeck) Mackey, b. Greene Co., N. Y., 1842, s. 1809, Carriage and Sleigh Manufacturer; P. 0, Germantown.
bia Co., N.
;
Y,
Co, N. Y, 1845, F.irraer; P. 0., Livingston. Wesley Eowe, son of George and Catharine (Wagner) Sowe, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 1843, Farmer; P. 0, Livingston. Nathan R. Raymond, son of Thomas and Sully (Reed) Kiyoiond, b. Greene Co, N. Y, 8. 1874, Carpenter P. 0, Linlithgo. James Rossman, son of John G. and Cutlmrine (Beat) Rossman, b. Columbia P. 0., Livingston. Co., N. Y., Farmer Jonas W. Rockefeller, son of Peter W. and Oilharine (Miller) Rockefeller, b. Columbia Co N. Y., 1818, Farmer; P. O, Glencoe Mills. Jane E. Rockefeller, daughter of Isaac and Amanda (Avery) Shaurmao, b. Greene Co., N. Y, s. 1827. Robert Rockefeller, son of File and Lana (Decker) Rockefeller, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1821, Farmer; P. 0, Livingston SUtion. Wm. W. Raynor, son of Jacob and Sarah (Roseki-ans) Raynor, b. Columbia C*j., N. Y, 1813, Farmer; P. 0, Hudson. Samuel Shutts, son of Henry and Catharine (Seism) Shutts, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1828, Merchant; P. 0., Livlugston. Z. P. Smith, son of Philip and Anna (Coopernail) Smith, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1836, Merchant; P. 0, Livingston. Wm. B. Snyder, Jr, son of Wm. H. and Hannah (Jacobie) Snyder, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1840, Farmer; P. 0., Livingston. Joseph Shutts, son of Walter and Delia (Miller) Shutts, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 1846, Farmer; P. 0, Linlithgo. Albert Sturtovant, son of Zebidee and Jemima (Van Deusen) Sturtevant, b. Litchfield Co., Conn, s. 18.10, Farmer; P. 0, Linlithgo. Henry Shear, son of John P. and Joaniiah (Craft) Shear, b. Albany Co., N. Y., 1829, Wagon-maker; P. 0, Liviugstou. E.lward Stickles, son nf Frederick F. and Eliziibeth (Snyder) Stickles, b. Columbia Co , N. Y, 1818, Farmer P. 0, Livingston. Whiting Sheldon, son of F.leud and Ann (Case) Sheldon, b. Taghkanic, Columbia Co., N. Y, 1S12, Farmer; P. 0., Glencoe Mills. Levi Simmons, son of Nichols and Catharine (Garrison) Simmons, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1818, Farmer; P. O., Hudson. Gertrude Simmons, daughter of John and Charity (Benham) Ploss, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1819; P. 0, Hudson. Douglas Tiuklcpaugh, son of Eli and Margaret (Elkenburgh) Tinklepaugh, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1845, Farmer; P. 0, Livingston. Robert Van Deusen, son of Roliert G. and Betsey (Smith) Van Deusen, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 1828, Farmer; P. O., Hudson. Orville B. Voaburgh, son of Jacob and Uannali (SchoonmHker) Vosburgb, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y, a. 1803, Farmer; P. 0, Clermont. J. W. Wagner, son of Baltas and Catharine (Niver) Wagner, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 1817, Farmer; P. 0, Livingston. Richard Marvin \VIiitbeck, sou of John and M.iry E. (Thomas) Wliitbeck, b. Livingston, Columbia Co, N. Y, 1838, Teacher P. 0, Livingston. Edward A. Weaver, son of Adam A. and M;iria (Hood) Weaver, b. Columbia Co, N. Y, 1821, Farmer; P. 0., Livingston. Wm. B. Walker, son of Henry aud Isabella (Brown) Walker, b. Columbia Co,
; ;
W. and Hannah (Fntz) Rockefeller, b. a. 1824, Proprietor of Mountain View House, and Germautown. Edmund Rockefeller, son of George and Margaret Rockefeller, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., s. 1830, Postmaster and Merchant P. 0, Germantown. Philip H. Rockefeller, son of Philip J. and Sarah (Pinderl R.)ckefeller, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, Horticulturist and ex-Superviaor; P. 0, Germantown. Philip H. Rockefeller, Jr., son of George and Margiret Rockefeller, b. Germantown, Columbia Co., N. Y, 1824, Farmer; P. 0, Germantown. William Rockefeller, son of John W. and Catliarine (Lasher) Rockefeller, b. Germautown, Columbia Co., N. Y., 1828, Farmer; P. 0., Germantown. Jacob Staats, son of Philip and Elizabeth (Fritz) Staats, b. Germautown, N. Y., 1818, Merchant; P. 0, Germantown.
Philip
Rockefeller, son of Philip
Co., N.
W.
Columbia
Y,
Horticulturist; P. 0.,
CLERMONT.
Allen Good, born in townihip of Clermont, July 23, 1830; reaided there since;
Farmer;
P. 0.,
Clermont
in
PhoeDlx B. Cross, born
township of Amenia, Dutchesa
Co.,
March
8,
1814;
reaided in Clermont townchip 63 yeara; Farmer; P. 0., Tivuli. Stunuel Crosa, born in Suuth Kiogstun, E. I., Dec. 16, 1806; resided in
bia Co. since I81o;
Colum-
Farmer;
P. 0., Maddalin.
Thomaa
Nathan Dick, born

David
I.
New Tork City, March 19, 1834; re'tided New York City P. 0., Tivoii. Germintown, Dec. 13, 1835; resided in Colnmbia Co. since; Farmer; P. 0., Clermont
Stratfeild Clark'<on,
born in
there since 1846; Real Estnte Broker,

in township of
Feller,
born in township of Milan, Datcheaa

;
Co.,
Jan.
18,
1821; resided
at Clermont for 22 years
Farmer; P.
0., Elizaville. 18;i8;
George
Foland, born in township of Clermont, Dec. 27, there: Storekeeper; P. 0., Clermont.
Z.
always resided
al
Clermont Fingar, bom in township of Clermont, November, 1845 there; Butcher; P. 0., Maddalin, N. Y.
ways resided
George W. Feller, bom in Clennont township, Dec. Farmer; P. 0., Clermont.
15,
1832; resided there since
Wm.L. Fraleigh, bom
in townt^hip of Ghent, Sept 17, 1818 resided there since; Store and Hotel-Keeper, and Justice of the Peace; P. 0., Clermont. Mrs. Henrietta Feller (widow of Urinh Feller), liom in township of Livingston,
;
March
2,
1829; 18 years in Clermont; Farmer; P. 0., Clermont

Jr.,
;
Valentine G. Hall,
bom
in
New York
City,
March
27, 18;i6; resided at Cler-
mont
Wallace
12 years
Resident; P.
in
0., Tivoli.
Iâaher,
bom
township of Clermont, Nov,

P. 0.,
4, 1829; resided in
Colum-
bia Co. since;
Farmer;
Clermont Livingston,
bom
in Clermont,
CTermont Sept 4, 1817 resided there

;
since; Pro-
prietor; P. 0., Tivoli.
Robert E. Livingston, born in Clermont,

prietor; P. 0., Tivoli.
May 23, 1820

July
8,
resided there since- Pro-
John Henry Livingston, born
in
Oak
Hill,
1848
resided at Clennont
since; Proprietor; P. O., Tivoli.
His maternal grandfttther,
the Revolutionary wur, under Burgoyne.

rlan nobleman, and having left his
John Connid Theodore Peelor, wa.s an nffirer in He was the son of a wealthy Ikiva-
N. Y., 1838, Miller; P. 0, Linlithgo.
home on account
of religious dtssensii>nd
und
difflcnltles
with his father, would never return.
56
442

T. B. Lovejoy,
NEW
YORK.
Mrs. Eliia Moore (widow of Jpriminh J. Moore), born In township of Qennantown, Sejit. 7, 1S26 resided there since; rrnier; P. 0., Clermont. Jacob H. Moore, bom in township of Clermont, March 22, 1809; resided there
;
James A. Lamphear, son
since; P. 0., TItoII.
daughter of Eleazer and Lucy (Backus) Cady, b. Columbia Co., Dealer iu Groceiiee; P. O., New Concord. ot Reuben and Elizabeth (Richmond) Lamphear, b. CkilumbU Co., N. Y., 1814, Farmer; P. 0., (nintham Village. N.
Y., 1816,
Jeremiah B. Moore,
.oince;
bom bom
in township of Clermont, Dec. 9, 1820; resided there

O.,
Cliester G. La<imi8, son of Calvin

Co., Mass.,
s.
and Abigail (Griswoid) Loomis,

P. 0.,
b.
Berkshire
Karraer; P.
Gilbert Rockefeller,
in
Gemiantown. townsliip of Germantown, Feb.

7,
1817,
Farmer;
Chatham
Village.
4,
1814; resided in
Columbia Co. s^nce; Fiirmer; P. 0., Clermont. Harold Wilson, born in town.-hip of Clerujout, Jan. always; Farmer; P. O., Clermont.
1836; resided there
CHATHAM.
John and Lois (Weston) Allis, b. PittsBeld, V(, s. 1810, Retired Farmer; P. O., East Chatham. E. P. Allen, son of Wiiliam.s and Sally (Beebe) AUen, b. Columbia Co., N. T., 1841, Farmer; P. 0., Chatliam Village. n. A. Ashley, son of Henry and Hannah (Smith) Ashley, b. C!olambiaCo., N. T., P. O, Chatham Village. 18U9, Fai mer J. H. Angell, son of John and Amy A. (Harder) Angell, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., Sumoel
AlliB, son of
;
Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Village. Ebouezer Adams, son of David and Catharine (Maul) Adams, b. Colombia (3o., N. Y., 1822, Farmer and Paper Manufacturer; P. 0., Chatham Village. S. Barrett, son of Ezra and Diantha (liliun) Barrett, b. (Columbia Co., N. Y., 1818, Farmer P. 0., New Concord. J. W. Blunt, B.)u of Henry and Eliza (Bnrbank) Blunt, b. Columbia Co., N. Y.,
1828,
John B. Lamoree, eon of Daniel and Ai mina (Brill) Lamoree, b. Dntchess Co., N. Y., s. 1858, Farmer; P. O., Red Eock. Frederick W. Miller, son of Henry and Rebecca (Teal) Miller, h. Colnmbia Co., N. Y., 1803, Farmer; P. 0., Nivervllle. Tennis H. Miller, son of Aaron and Lovina (Pultz) Miller, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1833, Farmer; P. 0., North Chatham. Walter S. Moore, son of John and Deborah (Hicks) Moore, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., 8. 1865, Farmer; P. O., Maiden Bridge. Lewis L. Morrell, son of Thon-as I. and Sarah (Lewis) Morrell, b. Brooklyn, N. y., 8. 1875 P. 0., Chatham. Jacob S. New, son of William and Hannah (Sharp) New, b. (Columbia Co., N.Y., 1810, Famier; P. O., Chatham Village. Bradley Nichols, son of Timothy and Catharine (Lawrence) Nichols, b. Berkshire Co., Mass 8. 1821, Retired Grain Merchant; P. 0., North Chatham. Ohadiali Palmer, son of Abraham and Pradence (Gillett) Palmer, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1815, Retired Merchant P. O., East Chatham. Ahint Palmer, eon of Joshua and Amy (Smith) Palmer, b. Stonington, Conn.,
; , ;
1789,
J.
s.
17D0, Retired Hatter; P. 0.,
New
Concord.
b.
N. Preston, son of Judd M. and Maria (CMrtis) Preston,

b.
Columbia
C!o.,
Co.,
N. Y., 1834, Famier; P. 0., East Chatham. Oliver Palmer, son of Matthew and Deborah Palmer,
;
Greene
N. Y.,
fl.
1840, Fat mer; P. O.,
Chatham
;
Village.
C. S. Belts, son
a.
<.f John M. and Ann R. (Thatcher) Betls, b. Delaware Co., N. Y., Farmer and Engineer P. 0., Chatham Centre. A. H. BuUis, son of R. A. and Mariuh (Hulbert) Bullis, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1839, Paper Manufacturer; P. 0., Chatham Centre. Perkins F. Cady, son of Albert and Elvira (Parrish) Cody, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1822, Farmer and Supervisor; P. 0., Maiden Bridge. Lester Carpenter, son of Dexter and D. (Kelley) Carpenter, b. Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 1822, 8. 1837, Farmer; P. 0., (^latham Village. Daniel S. Doty, son of Samuel and Hannah (Mickle) Doty, b. (Columbia Ck)., N. Y., 1824, Can'enter and Joiner; P. O., New Concord. Lorin M. Davis, F>on of Albert and Sarah (Burgess) Davis, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 181;), Faraier P. O., Chatham. Wesley Finch, son of Reuben N. and Polly (Lyon) Finch, b. Columbia Co., N. Y.,
1853,
John N. Gamer, son
Green Brook. and Louisa (Mooney) Garner, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y, 1839, Farmer and Paper Manufacturer; P. 0., Chatham Village. Franklin Gamer, son of Christopher and Helen (Houck) Garner, b. (Ajlumbia
1810, Retired Fainier; P. 0.,
of Thadilous R.
Co., N. Y., 1831,
Farmer
P. 0.,
Chatham
Village.
Sylvester Garner, son of Christopher and Helen (Houck)

Co., N. Y., 1825,
Gamer, h. Columbia Chatham Village. Lorenzfj J.Goodrich, son of Jesse and Lucy (Powell) Goodrich, b. Columbia Co., N. Y.. 18-23, Fanner; P. 0., Chatham Village. Sarah A. Gamer, daughter of John and Jane (Fowler) Simmons, b. Ojlumbia P. 0., Chatham Village. Co., N. Y., 1828, Resident James A. Housinan, son of William C. and Sarah A. (Talman) Honsman, h. Rockland C<'., N. Y., s. 1862, Farmer and Fniit-raiser; P. 0., New Concord.
Farmer;
P. 0.,
;
ISU, Farmer P. 0., Chatham Village. Tabor Parks, son of Whiting and Hannah (Tabor) Parks, b. Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 1810, 8. 1873, Farmer; P. O., Maiden Bridge. Horace W. Peastee,son of Jephthah and Ann (Patrick) Peaslee, b. OilumbiaCo., N. Y., 1807, Millwright and Paper Manufacturer; P. 0., Maiden Bridge. A D. Pitts, son of Levi and Sophia (Curtis) Pitts, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1825, Farmer; P. 0., Rider's Mills. Orrin Phelps, son of Winthrop and Betsey (Bnrgess) Phelps, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1806, Retired Farmer; P. 0., Green Brook. Bartholomew Pmyii, son of John I. and Elizabeth (Van Valkenbnrgh) Prayn, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1826, Farmer P. 0., Valatie. 0. J. Peck, son of Richard S. and Phoebe (Hunting) Peck, b. Columbia Co., N. T., P. 0., North (Jhathnm. 1817, Physician and Surgeon Wm. L. Rowe, son of Garrett M. and Betsey A. (Nichols) Rowe, b. Columbia P. 0., East Chatham. Co., N. Y.. 1821, Farmer Phineas D. Reed, son of Daniel and Katie M. (Walker) Beed, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1833, Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Centre. Samuel H. Riphenburgh, son of T. and Margaret (Ham) Riphenburgli, b. Columbia Co.. N. Y., 1832, Farmer; P. 0., Maiden Bridge. Thomas B. Rider, son of Jonatlian and Mercy (Wilson) Ridor, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1823, Farmer P. 0., Rider s Mills. Thomas C. Rider, son of Thomas and Esther (Powell) Rider, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., 8. 1833, Famier; P. O.. Chatham. Luther Rider, son of Benjamin and Betsey (Wilson) Rider, b. Maasiichusetts, s. 18.37, Retired Farmer; P. 0., East Chatham. D. Stewart, son of John and Sibyl (Marsh) Stewait, b. Olumbia Co., N. Y.,
; ; ; ;
1803,
Farmer
P. 0.,
Wm. Shufelt, Wm.
son of Jacob
I.
Chatham Village. and Maria (Stupplebeen)
Shufelt, b.
Columbia Columbia
b.
Co.,
William Hunt, son of Samuel and Eunice (Palmer) Hunt, b. Columbia N. Y., 1811, Farmer; P. O., Chatham Village. Albert Harris, son of Benjamin and Lydia (Jinks) Harris, b. Berkshire Mass., 18(18, 8. 1833, Retired Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Centre. Barton Huested, son of Barton and Jane (Walker) Huested, b. Columbia
;
Co.,
N. Y., 1832, Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Village. H. Strever, eon of John B. and Marietta (Dings) Strever,
b.
C^.,
Co.,
Thomas W.
Co., J. B.
N. Y., 1820, Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Village. Stewart, son of Solomon W. and Hannah (Barker) Stewart,
b.
Co-
N. Y., 181U, Fanner P. 0., Chatham Centre. , Noadiah M. Hill, son of Caleb and Eunice (Moore) Hill, b. C!olumbia Co., N. Y, 1815, Retired Fanner P. O., North Chatham. Reuben Hoes, son of Peter and Hannah (Bain) Hoes, b. Columliu Co., N. Y., 1841, Pump Manufacturer; P. O., Maiden Bridge.
;
lumbia Co , N. y., 1832. Farmer; P. O , New CJoncord. Skinkle, son of Jeremiah and Maria (Van Decarr) Skinkle,
(>)..
Oilumbia
N. Y., 1836, Farmer; P. 0.,
Chatham
Village.
Jacob Snyder, son of Henry P. and Catharine (Daeridict) Snyder, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1816, Farmer; P. O., Chatham Village, Walter Smith, son of Mitchell T. and Mary (Bam) Smith, b. Rensselaer Co.,
N. Y., s. 1823, Farmer; P. 0., Maiden Bridge. Lewis Smith, son of John A. and Mary Smith, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1832, Farmer; P. 0., North Chatham. N. H. Thomas, son of Wui. and Emma (Halsey) Thomas, b. Cloliimbia Co., N. Y^ 1825, Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Village. Milton M. Tompkins, ton of States D. and Mary (Mesick) Tompkins, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1843, Paper Manufacturer; P. 0., Chatham Village. John J. Van Valkenbnrgh, son of James and Permelia (Southerland) Van Valkenburgh, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1783, Retired Merchant and Farmer;
P. 0.,
Justice Harris, son of
N.
Y,
8.
1862,
Ephniim and Mary (Hendrick) Harris, Farmer; P. O., Maiden Bridge.

b.
b.
Saratoga Co.,
Henry
Hill,
son of Caleb and Eunice (Moore) Hill,

O.,
Columbia
Co., N. Y., 1808,
Retired Farmer; P.
Israel Huested, son of Sackett

Co.,
North Chatham. and Olive (Richmond) Hue:jled,

b.
b.
Rensselaer
S.
N. Y., 1811, s. 1827, Fanner; P. 0., Chatliam. N. Hand, son of Horatio N. and Hannah (Garner) Hand,
Columbia
Co.,
N. Y., 1843, Farmer; P. 0., Maiden Bridge. William Iri.h, son of Amos and Di-bonih (Steves) Irish, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1801, Farmer; P. O., Maiden Bridge. Slierman Jnqua, son of Jabez and Mary (Gunn) Jaqua, b, Litchfield Co., Conn., B. 1871, Farmer; P. O.. Chatham Centre. Byron K. Knight, son of John and Patience (Kirby) Knight, h. (3olumbia Co., N. Y., Ii5. Faraier; P.
John
Susan
C.
Co., N. T., 1826,
0., East Chatham. Knight, daughter of John and Caroline (Austin) Wood, Resident ; P. 0., Eaat Chatham.
b.
Columbia
of Bartlctt J. and Polly (Beebe) Van Valkenb. Colombia Co., N. Y., 1821, Butcher; P. 0., New Concord. Valkenburgh, son of G. W. and Sarah Ann (Burgess) Van ValkenV. B. Van burgh, b. Troy, N. Y., s. 1851, Farmer; P. 0., Chatham. Andrew Van Alslyue, eon of Isaac S. and Mariali (Smith) Van Alstyne, b. CoJ.
Chatham Centre. Van Valkenburgh, son
bnrgh,
lumbia
Co., N. Y., 1836,
Merchant
P._0.,
Chatham Centre
A. B. Knappen, son of Samuel and Lovina (Converse)

(3o.,
N. Y., 1817,
s.
1871, Propiietor of Hotel
P.
Knappen, b. Rensselaer 0., Chatham.

A. (Wilber) Oiadsey,
R. H. Vedder, son of Jacob and Gertrude (Osterhoot) Vedder, b. Greene-Co., N. Y., s. 1847, Physician and Surgeon; P. O., Ihalhani Centre.
Mrs.
Emma J. Ken worthy, daughter of Schuyler and Eliza

b.
Wm.
S.
D.
Van
Slyck, son of
Wm. and
;
Esther (Gardenier) Van Slyck,
b.
Columbia
Co., N. Y.,
Berkshire Co., Mass.,
s.
\Mt;
P. O., Cniatham.
b.
Hezehiah H. Lovejoy, son of Andrew and Sarili (Hulber) Lovejoy, Co., N. Y., 1810, Farmer; P. O., New Concord.
Columbia
S.
P. 0., Chatham. Co., N. Y., 1840, Farmer Wilcox, son of John and Betsey (Cady) WiUox,
b.
Columbia
1816,
Farmer;
P.
0.,Ked Rock.

Wm.
John
K. White, son of Anthony and Emily (Kenyon) White,
N.
b.
NEW YORK.
;
443
Dutchtas
Co.,
Co.,
Wm.
J. T.
e.
18J3,
Farmer;
B. Wait, son of
18:15,
V. 0., New Concord. Edmund nnd Mary (Bildd) Wait,

;
h.
Columbia
N. T.,
Hardware Merchant
P. 0., Ciiatliam.
H. Tenbroeck, son of Jacob L. and Elizabeth M. (Clum) Tenbroeck, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1840, Merchant P. 0., Cliatham Village. Wheeler, son of J. T. and Mary Ann (Backus) Wheeler, b. Albany Co., N. Y., 9. 1850, Physician and Surgeon P.,0., Chatham VilKage.
;
Josiah N. Wait, son of

1837,
Edmund and Mary (BuJd) Wait, b. Columbia Co., N. T., Hardware Merchant; P. 0., Chatham. Henry Woiderwax, Jr., son of Henry and Albertina (Wilson) Weiderwai, b. Columbia Co., N. T., 1820, Merchant: P. 0., Nortli Chatham.
N. Y.,
Col. S.
Wheeler, son of Michael and Susan (Suook) Wheeler, s. 1860, Book-keeper P. 0., Maiden Bridge.
;
b.
Rensselaer Co.,
NEW
David Ashby, son of
LEBANON.
b.
Wm.
and Mary (Osborne) Ashby,
Columbia
Co., N. Y.,
CHATHAM VILLAGE.
John
Ang;ell, son of
New Lebanon. Joseph Adams, Jr., son of Joseph and Mary B. (Clark) Ailains, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., Dec, 1833, Merchant and Custom Bliller, P. 0., New Lebanon
1821, Carpenter; P.O.,
Centre.
K.
I.,
1704,
H.
Joshua and Mahitable (Manton) Anfêll, b. Providence 1800, Retired Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Village.
son of
Co.,
Geo.
W. Bagg,
Mais.,
s.
son of Jedediah and Clarissa (Newton) Bagg, b. Berkshire 1865, Merchant aud Custom Miller; P. 0., Mt. Lebanon.
(3u.,
Abruham
Ashley,
Co.,
.Ir.,
Abraham and
Delilah
(Beeman) Ashley,
b.
Co-
A. B. Boughten, son of Smith A. and

Co.,
Mary
E. (Bailey) Boughlen, b. Itensselaor
lumbia
N. Y., 1816, Justice of the Peace; P.
0., Cliathani Village.
Barnes, b. Hampshire Co., and Surj-eon P. O., Chalham Village. Lewis K. Brown, sun of Chester and Adeline (Kingsleyj Brown, li. Columbia P. 0., Chiitliam Village. Co., N. Y., 18*!, Attoniey-at-Law Geo. E. Burrows, son of Geo. S. and Sarah (Burdick) Burrows, b. in New Lon-
W. H.
Uarues, son of
8.
Almon and Mary (Whitmore)

;
John
C.
N. Y., 9. 1870, Farmer; P. O., East Chatham. Bustwick, son of Elijah and Sarah (Buckley) D.j8twick,
b.
Cidumbia Columbia
b.
Mass.,
1851, Physician
Co., N. Y., 1808, retired
Carpenter;
P. 0.,
New
Lebanon.
Centre.
Jos. H. Curnwell, sun of Abranl U. and Eliza (Sluyler) Cornwell, b.

Co.,
N. Y., 1851, Farmer; P. 0.,
Now Lebanon
don, Conn.,
J. O. Best,
s.
1865, Druggist; P. 0.,
Chatham
Village.
Silas T. Cummings, son of Riissel D. and Sophia (Tlioiua) Cuinniings, selaer Co., N. Y., s. 1817, Farmer; P. 0., West Lebanon.
Rens-
son of David and Margaret (Lape) Best,
b.
Columbia
Co.,
N. Y., 1816,
Y.,
J.
Druggist; P. 0., Chatham Village. W. Boright, son of Ralph aud Sally (Hunt) Boright, b. Columbia Co., N. 183G, Lumbermau; P. 0., Chatham Village. Samuel Boright, son of Ralph and S.illy (Hunt) Boright, b. Columbia Co., N. P. O., Chatham Village. 1832, Lumberman
;
E. J. Crego, son of Jonathan and R. (Coniinl) Crego, b. Columbia Co., N. Y^ 1818, Farmer; P. 0., Lebanon Cen' re. Silas P. Camphcll, son of John and Effariua (Herrirk) Campbell, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1852, General Merchant aud Postmaster, New Lebanon
Y.,
Centre.
Simeon
N.
B.
Wm.
and Harriet (Cady) Bailey, b. Columbia 1816, Physician and Surgeon; P. 0., Chatham Village. Chas. H Bell, son of Aaron and Celetia (Osborne) Bell, b. Columbia 1847, Merchant; P. 0., Chatham Village. R. W. Beech, son of Samuel and (Jlarissa (Pratt, Beech, b. Berkshire
C. Bailey, son of
s.
Wm.
Co., N. Y.,
Y., 1831,
Carpenter, son of Joel and Charlotte Carpenter, Farmer; P. 0., New Lebauun Centre.
h.
Columbia
Co.,
Wm.
Co., N. Y.,
Co., Mass.,
1868, Proprietor Hotel of
P. 0.,
Chatham
Village.
and Ruhamy (Burrows) Cadman, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 183U, County Judge; P. O., Chatham Village. Homer Crandell, son of Solomon and Mary E. (Wheeler) Crandell, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1836, Merchant; P. 0.. Chatham Village. Albert H. Clark, son of Jos. D. and Julia (Bowe) Clark, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1844, Merchant: P. 0, Chalham Village. Warren Decker, son of Peter and Elizabeth Ann (Pulver) Decker, b. Columbia , Chatham Village. Co., N. Y., 1831, Merchant; P. H. M. Ford, son of Judge Hiruni D. and Sarah A. Ford, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., Chalham 1837, Dealer in Hati, Caps, and Manufacturer of Shirts; P.
John Caduiau, son
Wm
J.
sonof J.iseph and Rutli (Ganun) Cole, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 18in, Farmer; P. 0., New Lclmnon Springs. Andrew K. Clark, son of Rodman and Mary (Hunter) Clark, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1812, Fanner; P. O., New Lebanon. E. G. Finch, son of Smith and Margaret (Brown) Finch, b. Otsego Co., N. Y^ s. 1825, Farmer; P. 0., West Lebanon. Ellas D. Gillett, son of Jeremiah anil Fanny (Day) Gillett, b. Columbia Co N. Y., 1810, Farmer; P. 0., New Lebanon. Misses C. and M. A. Gale, daughters of Nehemiah and Susanna (Lyon) Gale. b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1826 and 1828, Residents; P. 0., West Lebanon. D. H. Hoag, Hon of Obadiah aud Mary (Husted) Hoag, b. Rensselaer Co., N. Y., s. 1859, Carpenter and Joiner; P. 0., New Lebanon Springs. Isaac T. llaight, sonof Amo.i and Maria (Tanner) H.iight, b. Columbia Co.,
B. Cule,
,
Village.
E. Finch, son of David L. and Eliza (Coffin) Finch, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1849, Merchant; P. O., Chatham Village. Alaasoo G. Ford, son of Alphonso aud Jane (Clark) Ford, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1828, Carpenter and Joiner; P. 0., Chatham Villuge. Wm. B. Howland, son of Harrison D. and Hannah 1). (B.iihy) Howland, b. Greene Co., N. Y., s. 1871, Editor and Publisher P. 0., Chatham Village. Uriah Harmon, son of Comdon and Mary (Jenkins) Harmon, b. Columbia Co.,
Thomas
P. O New Lebanon. 1839, Farmer and Ju.-tice of the Peace Hand, son of Horatio and Hannah E. (Gardner) Hand, b. Columbia New Lebanon C'litre. Farmer; P. Co N. Y., 1844, John Henry Hatch, son of John and Polly (Tyler) Hatch, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1846, Farmer; P. 0., New Lebanon Springs. Franklin Hand, son of Ira and Martha (R03-) Hand, li. Columbia Co., N. Y
N.
Y
,
Hor.itio B.
N. Y., 1828, DentUt; P. O., Charles Hawley, son of Ezra and

1847,
Chatham
Village.
Ann (Kuapp) Uawley, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., Hardware Merchant; I'. O., Chatham Village. 11. C. Hamm, son of Henry C. and Abigail (Wheeler) Hamm, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1842, Merchant; P. 0., Chatham Village. D. W. Herrick, son of Calvin L. and Antoinette (Hall) llerrick, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1848, Coal Merchant; P. O., Chathaiu Village. J. C. Uollenbeck,8on of Charies and Mary Ann iDaken) Hollenbeck, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1832, Engineer; P. O., Chatham Village. R. J. Lake, son of Henry U. aud Mariah Valaburgh) Lake, b. Sarato^ta Co., N. Y., s. 1870, Coal Merchant; P. 0., Chatham Village. 11. W. McLellan, son of Dr. Samuel aud Lama H. (Cook) SlcLellan, b. Rensselaer Co., N. Y., B. 184G, Attoruey-at-Law; P. O., Chatham Village. Goo. L. Morris, sou of Joim and Esther (Woodruff) Morris, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18)1, Banker; P. 0., Chatham Village. Daniel J. Mickte, son of John and Elizabeth (Smith) Mickle, b. (jolumbia Co., N. Y., 1819, Farmer and Carpenter P. 0., Chalham Village. J. D. Shufelt, 9<Hi of David and Sophia (Harder) Shufelt, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1827, Paper Manufactunr; P. O., Chalham Village. James T. Shufelt, son of John P. and Maria (Harder) Shufelt, b. Ckilumbia Co., N. Y 1818, Physician and Surgeon P. 0., Chatham Village. U. D. Simpson, son of James and Harriet (Kimo) Simpson, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1829, Manufacturer aud Whole.-8le Dealer in Gloves and Mittens; P.O., Chatham Village. Charles Smith, son of John and Elizabeth Smith, b. in England, s I8S1, Marble
(
1825, Farmer and Supervisor; P. 0., New Lebanon. Ilemenway, son of Justice and 5Iaria (Riis-'ell) llemenway.b. Rciissolaer Co N. Y., 8. 1868, Merchant; P. O., N.w Lebanon. Frederick Hand, son of Ira and Martha (Ross) Hand, b. Columbi.i Co., N. Y., P. 0., New Lebanon.. 1820, Farmer (deceased) Washington Hitchcock, sou of A. P. and Hminah (Eddy) Hitchcock, b Washington Co., N. Y., 8. 1818, Farmer; P. 0., New Lebanon. Samuel Hand, son of Ira and MaOha (Rosa) Hand, b. Columbia Co., N. Y.,
S. B.
, ;
1833,
Farmer (deceased);
Farmer;
P. O.,
P. 0.,
New Lebanon
Springs.
Springs.
b.
Geo.
W.
Hatch, son of John and Polly (Tyler) Hatch,
Columbia Co
N. Y.,
1829,
New Lebanon
James Jackson, sun of Jamea and

1854,
Isabella (Suggen) Jackson, b. England,
s.
Blacksmith
P. 0.,
New Lebanon.
Anna (Young) Jones, b. Columbia New Lebanon Centre. P.
,
Erastns B. Jones, son of Justice and
Co.,
Matthew
N. Y., 1821, Farmer (deceased) ; J. Joni-s, son of Malthew and Elizabeth Jones, N. Y.,
9.
b.
Rensselaer Co.,
Columljia Co.,
1849,
9011
Farmer
P.
New
Lebanon.
b.
Wm.
John
A.
of Ezekiel and Esther (Merrill) Knapp, N. Y., 1825, Farmer; P. 0., New Lebanon Springs. Kendall, son of Thomas, Jr., and Olive (Crane) Kendall,
Knapp,
b.
Worcester
Co.,
Thermometer Manuficturer; P. 0., New Lebanon. daughter of Jonathan and Lucretia (Casey) Murdock, h. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1796, Resident; P. 0., New Lebanon. Thomas Mott, son of Thomas and Rhoda (Mosher) Mott, b. Columbia Co., West Lebanon. N. Y., 1818, Farmer; P. The Misses S. and B. Peabody, daughters of Binj. and Julia (Bo9twick) Peabody, Columbia Co., N. Y.. Residents P. 0., New Lebanon. Columbia Co., N. Y., J. E. Rowley, son of Jndah and Civiah (Hatch) Rowley, b.
Mass.,
8.
1820,
Clarissa Muiiteck,
CheHter
0., Cliatham Village. J. Seymour, son of John and Mercy F. (Ashley) Seymour, b. Columbia Oi, N. Y, 1851, Dealer in Hats, Capn, and Gems' Furnishing Goods;
Dealer; P.
P. O.,
Chatham
Village.
Muses and Eliza (Alger) Tyler, b. Albany Co.,N. Y.,s. 1870, Merchant; P.O., Chalham Village. Thoiuiw, son of William ami Eniiua (HaUoy) Thomas, b. Columbia Co., E. U. N. v., 1812, Retired Carpenter and Joiner; P. O., Chatham Village.
L. A. Tyler, son of
Farmer; P. 0., New Lebanon Sjirings. Joseph K. Royce, sonof Ira and Lucy Ann (Kingj Royce, b. Columbia Co., N. v., 1827, Farmer; P. 0., New Lebanon Springs. Henry A. Royce, son of Ira and Lucy Ann (King) Royce, b. (Columbia Co., N. Y., 1833, Farmer; P. 0., New Lebanon Springs. C. H. Spencer, son of Allen and Lucy (Broad) Spencer, b. Columbia Co.,N. Y.,
1824,
Wm.
1^25, Farmer; P. 0., New Lebanon. Sherman, sonof Abnor and Eli/.abelh (Norton) Sherman, P. O., New Lebanon. Co., N. Y 1415, Farmer (deceaacd)
;
b.
Columbia
444
Sosno M. Snyder, diuighter of Nich
N.
NEW YORK.
Ins nnd Snunnn Soyder, I). Colnmbia Co., Weit Lebanon. and Lpyinn (Haigltt) Scott, b. Colnmbia Co., N. T., \D2.% Farmer; P. 0, Canaan Four Corners. Samnel J. Tllilen, son of Elam and P.lly Y. (.lones) Tilden, b. Colnmbia Co., N. T., 18U, Lawyer; P. 0., 15 Grainercy Park, New York City. Henry A. Tilden, on of Elam and Polly Y. (Jones) Tilden, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1821, Chemi.t; P. 0., New Lebanon. Geo. H. Tilden, eon of Henry A. and Susan (Gould) Tilden, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1852; P. 0, Now Lebanon. Samuel J. Tilden, 2d son of Henry A. and Susan (Gould) Tilden, b. Colnmbia
y,
1821, Resident; P. 0.,
Win.
R. Scott, son of
Wm.
B.
James Bawling, son of John and Frances Bawling, b. Cornwall Co., England, B. 18.^1, Farmer; P. O., Canaan Four Corners. Cyrus T. Smith, son of Franklin and Polly Ford) Smith, b. Columbia Co., N T., W)l, Farmer P. O., East Cbathara. Hunting Sherrill, son of Isaac and Mary (Martin) Sherrill, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., s. 18:;9, Farmer; P. 0., Camuin.
(
Co, N. y., 1853; P. O., New Lebanon. A. R. Ticknor, son of F. A. and Olive (Kendall) Ticknor, b. Columbia Co.,
N. Y.,
Egbert
S.
Co.,
18.36; P. 0., New Lebanon. Tanner, son of Nelson and Pmdence (Lovejoy) Tanner, b. Columbia N. y., 1848, Dejiler in Sausage, Lard, and Hams; P.O., New Lebanon
Springs.
Daniel C. Warner, son of Elijab and Lydia (West) Warner, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18-29. Gardener; P. 0., New Lebanon. Ebenezer Wadsworth, son of Joint and Riichael (Wheeler) Wadsworth, b. Co-
son of Charles E. and Sarah (Perkins) Warner, b. CaleP. O., Canaan F..ur Cometh. C:o., Vt., . 1868, Minister of Gospel Wuodworth, son of Wm. S. and Matilda G. (Grives) Woodworth, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1835, Farmer; P. 0., Flat Brook. Miss Sarah Wanicr, daughter of Daniel and Olive (Douglas?) Warner, b. Columbia Co, N. Y., 1803, Resident; P. 0., Canaan Centre. Albert Wilcni, son of John and Betsey (Cady) Wilco.x, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1805, Farmer; P. 0., Canaan. Henry J. Whiting, son of John and Rhna (Aylsworth) Whiting, b. djiumbia Co., N. Y., 1810, Farmer; P. 0., Canaan Four Cornere. John Wagner, Jr., son of John and Elizabeth (Bowman) Wagner, b. Colnmbia P. O., Canaan. Co., N. Y., 1842, Farmer John G. Wilson, son of Harvey H. and Margaret WiUon, b. Lee Co., Iowa, B. 1873, Dealer in Lumber; P. O., Canaan Four Comers.
Key. Geo.
W. Warner,
donia
CTiarles P.
lumbia Co., N. y., 1802, Farmer; P. O., East Chatham. John W. Wadsworth, son of John and Sarah Ann (Phillips) Wadsworth, b. Columbia County, N. Y., 1841, Farmer; P. 0., East Cbntluim. Miases B. M. and H. P. Wood, daughters of Arvln and Stiria E. (Shout) Wood,
b.
Bensnetaer Co., N. Y.,
s.
1875, Principals of
Wyomanock Seminary;
GHENT.
William W. Angell, son of Epiiraim and M..ry (Tliorn) Angell, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y., 1822, Fanner; P. 0., Ghent. Ezekiaa Arnold, sun of Jacob and Maria A. (Haynor) Arnold, b. Columbia Co.,
N. Y., 1828,
P. 0.,
New Lebanon.
Faimerand Speculator;
P.
0, Clialham.
CANAAN.
and Hannah (Kemplon) Ashley, b. Milton, Clergyman P. O., East Cliatliani. h. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1844, Fiitmor; P. O., Ea.'it Chatham. Caroline U. Belding, daughter of Alonzo Hunt and EliZJi (Spior) Hnnt, b. 1852,
Rev. A.
W.
Ashley, son of
Scotia, 1838,
s.
Wm. W.
1>71,
Nova
H. C. Bradley, son of Setli and Sally (Curliss) Br.idley,
Jacob Arnobi, son of Robert and Sophia (Tipple) Arnold, b. Columbia Co., N. Y.,1801, Farmer; P. O, Ghent. Augustus Angell, sun of E. ami Maty (Thorn) Angell, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., 1813, s. 1817, Farmer; P. 0., Ghent. Charles Browning, son of Jeroniiah and Martha (Foster) Browning, b. Columbia Co.. N. Y., 1825, Fanner and Milk Dealer; P. O., Chatham. Jeremiah H. Browning, son of Jeremiah and 9Iartlia (Fo>ter) Biowuiiig, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1813, Farmer; P. 0., Chatham. David Cnipsor, son of David and Elizabeth (Tmver) Crapser, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y., 1819, Farmer; P. 0, Hudson. Elisha Clark, son of Wm. and Clara (Pmtt) Clark, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1816, Farmer; P. 0, Chatham. John B. Diiiry, son of Alfred and Maria A. (Shnltz) Drnry, b. Dutchess Co., N. y., 18.18, s. 1S04, Pastor Fir.t Reformed Church. Ghent. Wm. Q. Foland, son of Henry and Elizabeth Ann (Finkle) Foland, b. Columbia
Resident; P.
0.,
Flat Brook.
A. S. Beebe, son of C. E. and Prudence W. (Starks) Beebo, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18:), Dealer in Lumber; P O., Canaan Four Ojniers.
D. D. Barnes, son of Tbonitu and Polly (Hunt) Barnes, b. IJolmnbia Co., N. Y.,
18U9, Farmer; P. O, Canaan FourCorner. Leroy L. Brown, son of Geo. W. and Minerva (Tobey) Brown, N. Y., 1819, Farmer; P. 0., Canaan Centre. G.
b.
Columbia
Co.,
and Harriet (Dickinson) Blinn, b. Lewis Co., N. y., 8. 1805, Farmer; P. 0., East Chatham. A. C. Bradley, son ot Norman and Betsey (Curtiss) Bradloy, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1836, Farmer P. 0., Ca;ian. Allen Barstow, son of Samuel A. and Betsey (Douglass) Banitow, b. Columbia P. O., Cainian Four Corners. Co., N. Y., 1827, Fiirnier Samuel A. Barstow, son of Allen and Olive (Foster) Bai>itow, b. Sharon Township. Conn., s 1770; Farmer (deceased). Samuol A. Curtis, son of Siimuel A. and Patience (Smith) Curtin, b. Columbia
M. Bliun,
tion
of Zetoiiis
Co
N. Y., 1826, Farmer; P. 0..
Ghent
and Louisa (Nooney)Garncr,b. Columbia
Elliot N. Garner, son of

Co., N. Y., 1834,
Thaddeus Farmer and
B.
Miller.
Wm.
N. Y., 1806, Resident; P. 0., Flat Bro<rk. U. Cady, sou of Allen and Elvira (Parish) duly, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1S19, Section-Master of Albany and Boston R.iiroad; P.O., hJe-t flialham.
Co.,
b.
diaries U. De GrulT, sun of Samuel and Paulina (Beebe) De UrulT, Co , N. y, 1835, Blacksmith; P. O., Bed Rock.
Columbia
Drowne, sin of Aiiuh and Ruth (Olmsted) Diowne, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1)3, Fanner; P. O Canaan Four Coiners. B. S. Ford, si.n of KuhbcII and Miianda (Parsons) Ford, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., lUi, Carpenter; P. 0., Red Rock. Dr. Lor.lizo Gile,son of ,Vsa and Nancy (Monroe) Gile, b. Rensselaer Co., N. Y., a. 18:Ul, Physician and Surgeon (retired) P. U Canaan Four Corners. Amos llurrick, son of Calvin and llannali (Knight) Uerrick, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 1824, Fanner; P. O., Eaht Chatliant. Henry U. Hatch, son of Jolin N. and Hannah (Brown) Hatch, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1819, Farmer (deceased). Int S. Johnson, sou ol Jason H. and Sally (Sherman) Johnson, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., ISlt, Fanuer; P. O Canajiu Four tkjrners. Charles H. Jenkins, sou uf Edward and Chariot te(l'ark^) Jenkins, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y., 1844, Farmer ami Cattle-bnyer P. 0., Red Hock. Wm. P. Kirby,Bou of Wesson and Betsey (Wadsworth) Kirby, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1825, Farmer; P. O., East CImlbam. Edward Kelb.gg, on of Aaron and Amelia (Noyce) Kellogg, b. Columbia Co N. Y., IHiKi, Fanner; I". O., Camuui tVntre. Geo. W. Lovejoy, son ot Ebenezer and Sarah Beebe) Lovejoy, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 1804, Retired Butcher; P.O., Canaan. Dr. John Lu-.k, son of Wm.anrt Elizabeth Lusk, b. B.rk8liirc Co., Mas.,a. 1791,
L.
, ; , ,
; ,
Wm.
b. Columbia 0., Ghent. and Anna (Shiifelt) Groat, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y., P. 0., Mellenvillo. 1814, Fai incr and Loan Comiuissiuner JohnT. llogeboom, sou of Tobias L. and Eliza (Power) llegeboom,b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1816, Lawyer and Farmer; P. 0., Ghent. William D. Harris, son of Wm. and Semantha (Webber) Harris, b. Madison Co., N. Y., 1832, s. lfC2, General Merchant; P. O., Ghent. William Harder, son of Peter and E. (Garner) Harder, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y., 1816, Fanner; P. 0,Ghent. Nathan llerrick, son of Nathan and Eve (Ham) Herrick, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1828, Farmer; P. O., Stnyvcsant. Charies E. Ilalstiad, son of Isaac and Harriot H. (Lary) Halstead, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1849, Fanner and Gardener; P. O., Chathain. Philip M. Harder, son of Jacob N. and L. (Shufelt) Harder, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1818, Farmer; P. 0., Mellenville. John H. Jacobia,Ron of Uenry J. and Betsey (Snyder) Jacobiu, b. Colnmbia Co.,
Aaron
C.
Garner, sun of Cbristopher and Helen (Hauyck) Garner,
Co.,
N. Y., 1820, Farmer; P.
Cyrus Groat, son of
Wm.
P.
Farmer; P. O., Mellenville. John 11. and Maria (Vanhnzen) Kittle, b. Columbia Farmer; P. 0., Ghent. Sleiihen L. Lane, son of John and Elizabeth (Head) Lane, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1825, Fanner and Uiewir; P. O., Client. Catharine M. Link, daughter of Peter and Sarah E. (Stupplebeen) Harder, b. Columbia Co., N. Y,, 1824, Farming; P. O, Ghent. George G. Blacy, son of Abmhani and Elizabeth (Coleman) Macy, b. Columbia
N.
1830,
Andrew
II.
Kittle, sun of
Co., N. y., ISlO,
Co., 1806,
Sanil. U.
Farmer; P. 0., Ghent. Macy, son of Saiiil. 11. and Angeliue (Morris) Macy,
;9,
b.
Columbia
Co.,
N. v., 18
Stilion Age
lit
B &
A. R. R.
P. O.,
Ghent.
Retired Physician
F.
P. O., Flat Brook.
H. Laniph.ar, son of Reuben and Eli/jibeth
(Bchmond)
ll,K:k.
Lanipliear,
b.
and Catharine L. (Dedriik) .Miller, b. Cidumbia Co N. Y., I8.V), Farmer; P. O.. Ghent. George L. Miller, son ..f Christopher S. and Anna Maria (Teal) Miller, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1819. Farmer; P. O., Ghent. Cornelius .Moul, son of John and Applonia (Ksselstj n) Moiil, b. Columbia Co.,
Periy
C. .Miller, son uf
,
Geurge
L.
Columbia
18JI,
Co., N. Y., 1819, Faiuier; P. O.,
Red
N. Y.. 1803,
Farmer;
P. O., Melleiiv.lle.
C. J. Parsou.s son of
David and Kniily (Janes) Parsons,

P. O., Caniu.u Coiitic.
..f
b.
Cidumbia
Co., N. Y.,
Mrs. C.
I.
Miller, daughter uf
Farmer;
,n
bia Co., N. Y., IJ-OI,

B. (Smith) Powell, b.
;
James
J. I-Mwrll,
John and
Pliu^^la-
Columbia
Co.,
Martin
P.
George A. and Sophia (Miller) Shnfelt, b. ColumFarmer; P. 0., Ghent. Nash, son uf Charles B. and Caivline (Uogeisi) Nash, b. Columbia Co.,
1850, Proprietor of C.diiinbia Springs; P. O., Hiidsun.
N. Y., 1528, -Merchant and I'..slniio,ter P. , Red Ru. k. Elbert O. Patrick, sou of Larry and Susan (Knapp) Patrick, 1.. Coluinb.a Co., N. Y., 1829, Merihant (deceased).
N.
Y,
,
John
91.
Ijstrander. son of Piter
and Maria (Mesick) Ostrander,
b.
Columbia
Co
N. Y.,
18111,
Farmer;
P. O., lludsou.

George T. Powell, nnn of To\TnBeod and Catharine (31ary) Powell, b. Dntchess Co., N. T., IS*'). HortiCQltlldat P. O., Gbent. Husca B. Paraune, son f Jabez and Ljdia (Birge) Paraona, b. Columbia Co., N. v., 1817, Farmer; P. 0., Cbathiim. Diliiway F, Pliilip, son of Peter, Jr and Samh (Fowler) Philip, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 18U.1, Farmer; P. 0., St<K.kport. Jobo H. Rivenburgh, son of Jacob M. and Charlotte (Tipple) Rivenburgh, b. Columbia Co., N. T.. Hardware Merchant; P. 0., Ghent. Cornelius Shufelt, son of Henry and Elizabeth (Miller) Shufelt, b. Colnmbia Co., N. T., 1796, Farmer; P. 0., Chatham. Franklin Snyder, son of Henty T. and Helen (Fredenburgh) Snyder, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1832, Farmer; P. O., Ghent Jacob Stupplcbeen, son of Jacob H. and Eliza (Groat) Stupploheen, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1841, Genonil Merchant; P. 0., Ghent. Jacob H. Stnpplelieen, son of George A. and Christina (Kittle) Stupplebeen, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1834, Farmer; P. 0^ Ghent. Charles E. Smith, son of John B. and Silva (Sheldon) Smith, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1830, Keeper Columbia County Almshouse P. 0., Ghent. Jacob Shaver, son of John I., Jr., and Elizabeth (Chism) Shaver, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 1815, Merchant; V. O., Ghent. Wm. Smith, son of Leonard and Mary (Potta) Smith, b. Columbia Co., N. Y.,
; ,
;
NEW
YORK.
of
445
and Gertrude (Van Volkenburg) Van 17, 1807, Manufacturer; P.O., Stuyve-
Abram W. Van Hoesen, son

sant Falls.
Wm.
Hoeen,b. Kinderhook, N.Y., Feb
Stephen H. Wendover, son of John Thompson and Cynthia (Van Slyke) Wendover, b. StnyTeaanI, N. Y., July 29, 1831, Farmer; P. 0., Stuyvesant.
GREENPORT.
Richard Becker, eon of Tunis and Maria (Gardner) Becker, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1822, Farmer; P.O., Humphreyville. William Brocksbank, sod of Matthew and Mary Ann (Dickson) Brockshank, b. England, 1805, a. 1832, Nurseryman and Florist; P. 0., Hudson.
John W. Coon, son of John H. and Margaret (Miller) Coon, b. Columbia C^, N. Y., 1831, Farmer and Supervisor: P. O., Hudetm. Philo Couse, son of Benj. and Catharine (Shultz) Couse, b. Colnmbia Co., N.Y^ 1826, Farmer; P. 0, Hudson. John Hall, son of Isaac and Abigail (Richardson) Hall, b. England, s. 1830,
Glue Manufacturer; P.
bury,
0.,
Hndson.
P. 0., Mellenville. 1820, Farmer and Manufiicturer George T. Snyder, son of Henry T. and Helen (Freedenhurgh) Snyder, lumbia Co., N. Y., 18.16, Farmer and Supervisor P. O., Ghent. Walter V. Ten Broeck, son of Wm. and Margaret (Becker) Ten Broeck,
; ;
Mre. Michael J. Hollenbeck, daughter of Francis F. and Percies (Wright) Salsb.
Co-
P. 0., Hudson. b. Co., N. Y., s. 1844 Lorenzo Higgins, son <>f Saml. and Elizabeth B. (Buckley) Biggins, b. Colum-
Greene
b.
Co-
lumbia Co., N. Y., 1817, Farmer; P. 0., Mellenville. Stephen Van Talkenburgh, sou of Bartholomew and Jane (Skinkle) Van Viilkonburgh, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1832, Farmer and Excise Commissioner; P. 0., Stockport.
AbrTtm Vosburgh, son of

Isaac
Wm. P. and Maria (Fredenburgh) Vosburgh, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 1828, Farmer; P. O., Gbent. Van Valkenburgh, son of James C. and Catharine (Emerick) Van Valkenburgli, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1831, County School Commissioner;
P. 0.,
Ghent.
Farmer; P. 0., Hudson. Derrick Hollenbeck, son of Mathiaa and Sarah (Plaaa) Hollenbeck, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 18:15, Farmer; P. 0., Hudson. Ambrose Hollenbeck, son of George and Christina Hollenbeck, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y., 1840, Farmer; P. 0., Hudson. John W. Kipp, son of John P. and Caroline (Smith) Kipp, b. Colnmbia Co., N. Y., 1833, Farmer P. O., Hudson. Philip H. Lambert, son of Andrew G. and Eliza Maria (Fr.iileigli) Lambert, b. Dulchcas Co., 1823, s. 1848, Farmer; P. 0., Hudson. Daniel H. Link, son of Wm. H. and Martha M. (Jackson) Link, b. Columbia
bia Co., N. Y., 1814,
;
John Wiuyard,8on of Wm. and Mary (Fenn) Winyard,b. England, 1816, 8.1835, Farmer; P. O., Ghent Michael I. Waltermire, son of Jacob and Margaret (Brogue) Waltenniro, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1799, Farmer; P. 0., Ghent. Tobiiis WHltermire, sun uf Michael I. and Maria (Harder) Waltermire, h. Columbia
Co., N. Y., 1824,
Carpenter; P.
O.,
Ghent.
N. Y., 1850, Farmer; P. 0., Hudson. of Ollnting and Elizabeth (Conkling) Marehall, b. Columbia (^., N. Y., 1830, Carriage Manufacturer and Blacksmith ; P. 0., Humphreyville. Neal McNeill, son of Neal and Mollie (Mathews) McNeill, b. Ireland, 1806, 8. 1826, Farmer; P. 0., Hudson. Robert McKinstry, son of John and Elizabeth (Smith) McKinstry, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 1812, Horticulturist and Frult-Grower; P. 0., Hudson.
Co.,
Matthew Marshall, son
Gilbert Plaas, son of
John Emerick H. and Sarah (Vaonamber)
Plasa, b. Co-
STOCKPORT.
Jame.<< A.
lumbia Co., N. Y., 1826, Farmer; P. 0., Hudson. Mrs. Peter Van Deusen, daughter of Walter T. and Elizabeth (McKinstry) Livingston, b. Columbia Co., N. Y. P. 0., Hudson.
;
Hover, ?on of Jacob and
Anna
(Ostrander) Hover,
b.
Columbia
b.
Co.,
Abraham Martin, son

Roasman
N. Y., 1832, Manufacturer Cotton Goods; P. O., Stockport. of Thomns I. and Anna (Thuniua) Martin,
B.
Dutchess
Farmer and Carpenter; P. 0., StotUville. and Cutharine (Boatman) Pliilip, b. Columbia Y., 1819, Miller and Machinist; P. O., Stockport. Co., N. Jervmiiih Riindell, son of Isnac and Hannah (Scott) Rundell, b. Albany, N. Y., s. 1857, Farmer; P. O., Stockport. Rensîelaer Reynolds, son ol Nathaniel and &irah (Gillette) Reynolds, b. Columbia Co., N Y., 1807, Inventor and Manufacturer Empire Loom P.O.,
Co., N. Y., 1804,
1824,
John W. Van Deusen, son of Wm. and Anna (Elmeudorf ) Van Deusen, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1822, Farmer; P. 0., Hudson. Wm. J. Wiswall, son of Saml. and Mary (Latham) Wiswall, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1804, Retired Steamboat Captain P. 0., Hudson.
;
Philip, son of Peter
HILLSDALE.
James and Lillios (Thompson) Bell, b. Livingston Co., N. Y., s. 1861, Altomey-at-Law; P.O., Hillsdale. J. H. Biickeley, son of Oliver and Sophia (Foot) Buckeley, b. New Loudon Co., Hillsdale. Ct., s. 18W, Merchant; P. Geo. M. Bullock, son c.f Msjor M. and Sarah A. (Rodman) Bullock, h. Ccdumbia
Cliaries
M.
Bell, son of
Stockport.
Jacob W. Ilossman, son of Nicholas and Cath:irine (Doyce) Rossnian, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 1819, I'nper Munufaclurer; P. O., Stockport. Frank H. Stott, son of Jonallmn and Julia (Bennett) Slott, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18:)2, Wo.ilen Manufacturer; P. 0., Slotlaville. Wm. n. Toby, Jr., sou of Wm. H. jind Caroline Wild) Toby, b. Columbia Co.,
i
Co., N. Y., 18:i9,
Lumberman;
P. 0., Hillsdale. Bigsl.y, b.
Owen
Bii-sby, son of
18:10,
Aaron and Julia ^Duncan)
Columbia
b.
Co.,
N.Y.,
Co.,
N. y., 1850,
Fanner;
P. 0.,
Stuyvesant
Fulls.
Retired Commission Merchant; P. 0., Hillsdale.
Vrooman Van
Rensselaer, eon of Henr7 P. and Jane (Fort)

Co., N. Y., 182S,
Van
Rensselaer,
Sterling Burton, son of Ilinry

b.
and Eliza (Doane) Burton,
Columbia
Merchant; P. 0., Stottsville. .Henry S. Van de Crr,3on of Henry and Mary (Skinkle) Van do Carr, bia Co.,.N. Y., 1827, Paper Manufacturer; P. 0., Stockport.
Columbia
b.
Colum-
N. Y., 18.30, Farmer; P. 0., Hillsdale. Major M. Bullock, son of Comfort and Bethiah (Bowen Bullock, b. Columbia Co.. N. Y., 1806, Retired Farmer; V. 0., Hill-dale. Richard BartUtt, on of Dr. Richard H. and Mary (Jackson) Uartlett, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1818, Farmer; P. 0., Hillsdale. E. W. Buahu.U, son of John and Loxea (Lay) Uuslinell, b. Columbia Co., N. Y.,
1318, Farmer; P. O., Hillsdale. Moses Becker, son of John L. and Cornelia (Miller) Becker, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1843, Farmer; P. O., I'hilmonl. P.O.Becker, son of Benjamin and Nancy (Iimpbear) Becker, b. Columbia Co., N. V, 1820, Farmer; 1' 0., Hillsdale. John F. Collin, son of John and Ruth II. (Jchrisoiil Collin, b. dlumbia (Jo., N. y., 1802, Retired Farmer; P. 0., Hillsdale. Henry Cornell, M.l)., sou of J.ihn and Margaret (Kfner) Cornell, b. Scoharie P. 0., Hillsdale. Co., N. y., 1819, s, 1855, Physician and Surgeon James E. Cristie, son of David and Polly (Tiffany) Cristie, b. Columbia Co.,
;
STUYVESANT.
Charles E.
Ham,
son of
Uenry and Elizabeth

14, 1822,
(Tliorn; H-im,
h.
Stnyveaant,
Wm.
Farmer; P. O., CoxMckie Station. and Cyntliia (Vosburg) Mandeville, b. Kinderhook, N-. Y., Aug. 10, 18117 (retired); residence, Stuyvesant Falls. Levi Milham, son of Mathiaa and Gertrude (Dedrick) Milham, b. Cliiverack, Colocnbia Co., N. Y April 12, 1813, Grape-Grower aud Farmer; P.O.,
Colnml.ia Co., N. Y., April
-Mandeville, son of J.-remiah
,
Kiiiderliook.
Delavan Miller, son of
Co
N. Y.,
Ellie Miller,
J. and Ellen (Grcatainger Miller, b. New Paullz, Ulster P. O., Stuyvesant. s. May, 18.;7, Superintendent Ice Co. dnughleruf J.din and Dorc;u (Van Alslyne) Albertson, b. Stuy;
Farmer P. 0., Hillsdale. Eliphalet Dimmick, son of Tlieopbilus Dimmick, b. Greene Co., N. Y., s. 1828, Hillsdale. Merchant and Tailor; P. J. P. Dorr, M.D, son of Russell and Polsey (Bull) Dorr, b. Columbia <'o., N. Y.,
N.
y., 1824,
; ,
vesant, Feb.
C,
1840.
b.
1800, Physician anil
H. B. Salmon, son of Reuben and Klizubeth (Bog;irdua) Salmon, N. Y., Oct. 15, 1817, Physician; V. 0., Stuyvesiint Falls.
Kiiidorbouk,
.Allen
II.
Surgeon Downing, son of Silas an
P. 0., Hillsdale.
I
Margaret (Allen) Downing,

P, 0., Hillsdale.
b.
Columbia
Co., N. Y., 1810, Retired
Farmer;
446

J.
NEW
YORK.
Orson Fuller, son of Samuel Z. and Sally (Jones) Fuller, b. Ottego Co., N. Y., s. 1346, Produce and Commission Merchant; P. 0., Hillsdale. Lorenio (iilbert, son of Goo. and Martha (Palmer) Gilbert, Columbia Co., N. T.,
IS*!, Farmer and Teacher; P. O., Hillsdale. Egbert House, Bon of Benjamin and Polly (Stever) House, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1831. Farmer; P. O., Hillsdale. Peter B. Uollenbeck, son of Matthew and Sarah (Plosi) Hollenbeck, b. Colum-
bia Co.. N. Y., 1830,
John
S.
Q. Johnson, son of Quincy
Farmer; P. 0., Hillsdale. and Abigail (Cook) Johnson,

P. 0., Hilbdale.
b.
Columbia
Co.,
N.
Y., 182U,
Farmer;
W.
Jone', son of Win. M. and Parmelia (Patrir) Jones, b. Columbia Co.,
N. Y., 1848, Farmer; P.
O., Cniryville.
b.
Harvey and Rebecca (Clark) Niles, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., Farmer; P. 0., Spencertown. and Marietta (Halsey) Pierson, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1845. Farmer and Supervisor; P. 0., Chatham Village. Wm, G. Palmer, son of Ira and Leah (Green) Palmer, b. Colombia Co., N. Y., 1841, Merchant; P. 0., Spencertown. Thomas Slocum, son of Samuel aud Phcebe (Temage) Slocum. b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., 1810, s. 1838, Farmer; P. 0., Spencertown. H. L. Smith, son of Jeremiah and Mary (Beale) Smith, h. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1827, Farmer; P.O., Spencertown. Wm. Sweet, son of Wanton and Sardinia (Worthington) Sweet, b. JeffeiBon Co., N. Y., s. 1833, Farmer; P. 0., Red Rock.
Niles, son of
M.
1815,
Henry
C. Pierson. son of Charles E.
Abraham
N.
I.
Y., 1807, Retire<l
Jordan, son of John and Sarah (Allen) Jordan, Farmer; P. 0., Martindale.
Columbia Columbia
b.
Co.,
Grvsvenor A. Kuox, son of Geo. and Sarah (Bullock) Knox,
b.
Co.,
N. Y., 18:)6, Freighter; P.O., Hillsdale. Austin Morey, son of Steven S. and Asenalh (Sawyer) Morey, N. Y..
8.
Albany
Co.,
I.
COPAKE.
and A. Anderson, sons of Henry and Anna M. Anderson, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1839 and 1831, Farmers; P. 0., Copake. Zenaa Burch, son of Hiram and Betsey (Waldorph) Bnrch, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., ISM, Farmer; P. O., Copake. Jonas R. Baahford, son of Peter and Eva L. (Rockefeller) Bashford, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1846, Farmer; P. 0., Copake. Peter N. Campbell, son of Roliert and Dorcas (Meade) Campbell, b. Berkshire Co., Mass., 8. 1860, Agent for Copake Iron Works; P.O., Copake Iron Works. Calvin Conklin, son of James and Martha (Covert) Couklin, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1821, Commi8"ion Salesman New York City P. 0., Craryville. Wm. DInehart, son of .lohn W. and Elizabeth (Snyder) Dinehart, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18:)8, Farmer; P. 0., West Copake. Malcolm Douglass, son of Alfred, Jr., and Josephine (Clieeseman)Dougla8-i, b. Boston, Mass.. s. 1S60, Resident; P. 0., Copake Iron Works. Gilbeit A. Deane, son of Addison and Wealthy Deane, b. Litchfield Co Conn., s. 1867, Bookkeeper; P. O., Copake Iron Works. Joseph Decker, son of Peter and Katie (Spade) Decker, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1836, Farmer; P. O., Craryville. Wm. A. Fick, son of Wm. and Hannah (Albert) Fick, b. Columbia Co., N. Y.,
; ,
Farmer P. O., Hillsdale. Wm. A. Mallery, son of Anson U. and Sarah A. (Sawyer) Mallery, b. Troy, N. Y., s. 1851, Farmer; P. O., Craryville. Augustus Michael, son of Jacob A. and Hannah (Snyder) Michael, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1830, Farmer; P. O., Craryville. D. L. Nash, son of Francis and Chnrloltc (Moroy) Nah, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1815, Farmer: P. O., Philmoul. Allen Sheldon, son of Henry ami Sriina (Cook) Sheldon, b. ColnmbiaCo., N. Y., P. 0., Hillsdale. 1842, Farmer and Supervisor T. W. Strachan, son of Thomas nnd Margaret (Windinm) Strachan, b. Canada, s. 1869, Merchant; P. 0., Hillsdale. D. Strachan, son of Thomas aud Margaret (Windinm) Strachan, b. Canada, s. 1871, Merchant; P. 0., Hillsdale. Geo. Sornberger, son of Uriah and Betsey (Hooker) Sornberger, b, Berkshire Co., Mass., 8. 1830, Farmer; P. 0., Hillsdale. Harvey E. Terrey, son of Jesse and Esther (Gray) Terrey, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1816, Farmer; P. 0., Crarjville. A. D. Van Da Boe, son of David an.l Betsey (B gley) Van De Boe, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1833, Farmer; P. 0., Craryville. Casper Williams, son of Peter C. and Dorothy (Loomia) Williams, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1827, Hardware Merchant; P. 0., Hillsdale. H. G. Westlake, M.D., son of Tbomax aud Sophia (Goodwin) Westlake, b. Litchfield Co., Conn., 8. 1850, Physician and Surgeon P. 0., Hillsdale.
1822,
;
; ;
1851, Fai-mer; P.
0,
Craryville.
AUSTERLITZ.
Ephraim Angell, son of Ephraim and Mary (Thorn) Angell, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1832, Farmer; P. 0., Spencertown. Matthew K. Besle, son of Matthew and Phoebe (Keeler) Beale, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1805, Farmer; P. O., Spencertown. F. D. Bailey, son of William and Harriet (Cady) Bailey, b. Columbia Co., N. Y Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Village. Dan Clark, son of Wm. P. and Ehoda (Niles) Clark, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1815, Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Village. Wm. J. Cadman, son of John and Phoebe (Ue Wolf) Cadman, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1700, Retired Farmer; P. 0., Rfil Bock. Joseph P. Downing, son of Ellas and Anna (Parks) Downing, b. Columbia Co., N. Y, 1823, Farmer; P. 0., Harleniville. Elizabeth A. Downing, daughter of Solomon and Nancy (Ferris) Meade, b.
Maria Knickerbocker, daughter of Jacob I. Strever and Maria HoysnKit, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1791 (resident); P. 0., West Copake. John Lyke, son of George an.l Anna iScoville) Lyke, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1818, Treasurer of Van Amburgli i Co.'a Circus; P. O., Copake. Theodore Lnmpman, son of John C. and Sarah (Miller) Lampniitn, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1838, Produce Dealer; P. 0., Craryville. William Link, son of Joseph and Hannah (Dinehart) Link, b. Columbut Co., N. Y., 1<22, Farmer; P. 0., West Copake. John P. Marshall, son of Joseph K. and Lydia S. Marshall, b. Hillsborough Co., N. H., 1827, 8. 18W, Merchant; P. O., Craryville. Benj. B. Miller, son of Denjiimin and Anna (Keefer) Miller, b. Columbia Co.,
N. Y.,
18.13,
Farmer
P. O.,
Copake.
W.
S.
Weslrheslcr Co., N. Y., 1826, s. 1837; P. O., Harieniville. Fowler, son of Geo. E. and Margaret (Sherrell) Fowler, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1840, Farmer; P. O., Spencertown.
S.
James
Lucian
Griswold, son of
Co., N. Y., 1817,

S.
Sherman and Lydia (Deane) Griswold, Farmer; P. O., Spencertown.
b.
Columbia
Walter D. McArthnr, son of Peter and Mary McArthur, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1852, Farmer and Miller; P. O., Copake. Wm. A. Miles, son of Frederick and Emily (Pluml.) Miles, b. Litchfield Co., Conn., s. 1873, Manufacturer of Pig-iron; P. 0., Copake Iron Works. Peter McArthur, son of Charles and Olondine (Poultney) McArthur, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1812, Farmer; P. 0., Copake. Henry Nivor,sonor Christian and Polly (Rector) Niver, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1809, Farmer P. 0., West Copake. Geo. R. Niver, son of Geo. and Tal.itha (Robinson) Nivor, b. Columbia Co., N. Y 1828, Farmer and Miller; P. 0., West Copake. Palman Niver, son of Geo. and Tabitha (Robinson) Niver, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1824, Farmer and Miller; P. 0., West Copake.
;
Peter Niver, son of Henry and Polly (Cassel) Niver,

1829,
b.
Columbia
Co., N. Y.,
Griswold, son of Robert F. and Lydia (Bockwilh) Griswold, b. Columliia Co., N. Y., 1837, Farmer and Teacher; P. 0., Spencertown. Harvey C. Goot, son of Hawen W. and Polly (Howes) Goot, b. Columbia Co.,
Farmer
P.O., West Copake.
Silaa Niver, son of Peter

;
N. Y., 1848, Fanner; P. 0., Spencertown. John C.Gaul, son of Conrad and Mary (Waltermine) Gaul, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1817, Farmer; P. 0., Spencertown. Wesley Hogeboom, son of Jacob and Catharine (Winn) Hogoboom, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18411, Farmer P. 0., Harioniville. Edward Hamlin, son of Jabez and Esther (Stowe) Hamlin, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1808, Altomoy-at-Law; P. o., State Line, Mass. James W. Jones, son of John W. and Nancy (Burtis) Jones, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., . 18;!8, Farmer; P. 0., Chatham Village. James M. Lanphere, son of Hamilton and Laura J. (Shaw) Lanpliere, b. Columbia Co., N. y., 1833, Farmer; P. 0., Spencertown. Iâîc Meade, son of Amaziah and Abigail (Jasop) Meade, b. Westchester Co., N. Y., 1808, 8. 1816, Farmer; P. O., Spencertown. Abram S. Morehouse, son of David and Jane (Beldiiig) Morehouse, b. Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 1735, 8. 1803, Retired Farmer; P. Chatham Village. John S. Moone, sou of Tunis and Hannah (SheiKird) Moore, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 18.J6, Fanner; P. O.. Orern llivor. Geo. C. Mercer, son of Daniel ami Lydia (Ikiyco) Mcrci-r, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1828, Farmer P. 0., Green River. Thomas P.Nolan, son of John and Judith (Egan) Nolan, b. Ireland, 8. I8C5, Farmer; P. Rod Rock.
;
and Betsey rMlller) Niver, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1839, Farmer P. 0., West Copake. Norman Niver, son of Christian and Polly (Rector) Niver, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1820, Fanner; P. 0., Craryville. Philip Niver, son of Philip and Christiana Niver, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1840, Farmer and Superintendent of Columbia County .Almshouse P. 0., West
;
Wm.
N. Northrop, son of Utuic and N. Y., 1824,

8.
Rhody
(Culler) Northrop,
b.
Dutchess
Co.,
1846,
Farmer;
P. O.,
Jacob
I.
Oakley, son of Iiaac aud Mary (Coons) Oakley,
Copako Iron Works. b. Columbia
Co., N. Y.,
1814.
Farmer
P. O., Craryville.
William Plemley, son of Peter and Jane (Whitmore) Plemly, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1830, Farmer; P ()., Craryville. Geo. Sheldon, son of Henry and Salina (Cook) Sheldon, b. Columbia Coi, N. Y.,
1852,
Farmer;
P. 0., Copake.
(
W.
D. Swaio, M.D., son of Levi and Salome
Hull) Swaiu,
b.
Mass.,
s.
1868,
Physician and Surgeon
P. O., r^jpake.
Wm.
(Moon) Snyder, b. Columbia N. Y., 1825, Farmer and Speculator; P. 0., Copake Iron Works. Rosanna Turner, dani;hter of Aaron and Pliebe Van Dusen, b. Columbia
R. Snyder, son of John
I',
and
Margiir'et
Co.,
Ca._
N. Y., 1822 (resident); P.
O., HilLsdale.
Egbert Vosburgh, son of Cornelius and Catharine (M'hitbeck) Vosburgh, Columbia Co., N. Y., 1825, Farmer; P. O., Hillsdale.
b.

C.
NEW YORK.
Abraham and Catharine (Decker) Myers,
b.
447
Columbia
W. Van DeoMD,
son of bia Co., N. Y., 1825,
Wm.
and Farmer;
Cliriatlna (Vilele)
P. O., UillBdalo.
Van Densen,
b.
Colum-
Samael
L. Myers, son of
Van DeUBon, son of Jacob I. and Hannah Van Deusen, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1844, Farmer P. O., HlllRdale. Wesley Vnu De Dogart, son of Jacob and Amanda (Williams) Van De Bopirt,
L.
;
Co., N. Y., 1820, Farmer and Suporviîor; P. 0., East Taghkanic. Elbert H. Michael, son of Anthony C. and Charlotte (Ham) Michael, b. Colam-
hla Co., N. Y., 1854,
Farmer;
P. 0., Craryville.
b.
Merchant and Postmaster; P. 0., Copke. Sylvester I. Williams, sou of John C. and Charity (Smith) WiUiums, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1812, Farmer; P. O Craryville. John Williams, Jr., son of John C. and Chanty (Smith) Williams, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1827, Farmer; P. 0., Craryville. Cornelius M. Wbitbeck, son of Jacob and Nancy (Miller) Whitbeck, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1809, Farmer; P. 0., Hillsdiile. A. L. Williamn, eon of Morgan and Hannah (Ostninder) Williams, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1845, Farmer; P.O., Cmryvillc. William Wright, son uf Wm. and Harriet (Norton) Wiigbt, b. Berkshire Co., Muss., 1818, s. 1859, Farmer, Merchant, and Postmaster; P.O., Copake
b.
Columbia
Co.,
Y., 1838,
John McNeill, sou of Hugh and Mary iSilvcmall) McNeill, N. Y., 1820, Farmer P. O, Cmryyille.
;
O.lumbia
Co.,
Elioa Smith, son of
John P. and Catharine (Hauver) Smith, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1814, Farmer; P. O, West Taghkanic. Philip W. Sbufelt, son of Peter G. and Hannah (Pierce) Shufelt, b. Columbia Ck> N. Y., 1827, Physician and Surgeon P. 0., East Taghkanic. James F. Whitbeck, son of Jacob and Nancy (Milton) Whitbeck, b. Columb.a Co., N. T 1828, Farmer P. 0., Craryville.
,
; ,
Iron Works."
GALLATIN.
Andrew
S.
Coons, son of Jacob and
Mary (Shook) Coons, b. Columbia

b.
Co., N. Y.,
TAGHKANIC.
Robert H. Bush, son of Abniham and Maria (Nichols) Buah,
N. Y., 1814, Farmer
;
1821,
Farmer;
P. O., Gallatinville.
Jacob H. Duntz, son of Jacob and ('atharine (Wagner) Duntz,

b.
Columbia
Co.,
Columbia
Ck>.,
Ck>.,
N. Y., 1834, Fanner and Supervisor; P.O.,
Mount
Ross.
P. O.,
West Taghkauic.
S;illy (Stickles)
Norman
Bain, son of Jnhn and
Bain,
b.
Columbia
N. Y.,
1822, Farmer; P.O., East Taghkanic. Jacob Conklin, son of James and 31artha (Covert) Conklio, b. Columbia N. Y., 1813, Farmer; P. 0., Cmrj ville. Mllo Decker, son of Everet and Phebo (Robinson) Decker, b. Columbia N. Y., 1819, Farmer and Foundryman P. O., Eiist Taghkanic.
;
Co.,
Robert Gray, son of John and Gertrude (Silvernail) Gray, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., isno. Farmer; P. C. Jackson Cornets. Milo Hoysradt, son of John A. and Polly (Sbultz) Uoysradt, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1810, Farmer; P. 0., Gallatin. Peter Kiaselbrack, son of Giorge and Elsie (Blaas) Kissolbrack, b. (Jjlumbia
Co.,
Co.,
N. Y., 1816, Farmer; P. 0., Pine Plain.
Wm.
Co.,
II.
Miller, son of
Henry and Polly (WIesmer)

;
Miller, b.
Columbia
Co.,
Charles Decker, son of John and

N. Y., 1830, Farmer; P.
Mary (Wcisnerj Decker,

I
b.
Columbia
N. Y., 1119, Merchant
P. 0., Gallatin.
East Taghkanic.
George Finkle, son of Joe. G. and Nancy M. Peck) Fiuklo, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1816, Farmer; P. 0., Ea.st Taphkunic. Cyrus Link, son of Henry W. and Snsan (Post) Link, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1832, Farmer; P. 0., East Taghkanic. Reuben F. Lapham, son of Reuben and Elizabeth (Finch) Laplinm, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., s. 1810, Relire.1 Farmer; P. 0., West T.ighkanic. Norman Link, son of Abraham and Rebecca (Travor) Link, b. Columbia Ck>., N. Y., 1829, Farmer; V. O., West Taghkauic.
Millard Rockefeller, son of Henry L. and Catharine ISegendorf) Rockefeller, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., 1S45, Jlerchant and Hotel-Keeper; P.O., Livingston.
Stickels, son of John P. and Catharine (StoU) Stickels, Co., N. Y., 1841, Farmer; P. O., Jackson Corners. Egbert Silvernail, son of John G. and Eunice (Curtis) Silvernail, C.I., N. Y., 1804, Farmer; P. 0., Pine Plain. Heury Silvernail, sou of John G. and Eunice (Curtis) Silvernail,
Co., N. Y., 1798,
Henry H.
b.
Oilumbia Columbia Columbia
b.
b.
Farmer;
P. 0.,
Pine Plain.
hardcover
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History of Columbia County, NY

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History of Columbia County, NY

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Please contact us to order or for more information,

This facsimile reprint has been photo-reproduced on acid-free

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present to the public

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with a feeling of confidence, tempered by a consciousness of unavoidable imperfection.

becomes peculiarly onerous

the case of a county like Columbia, whose annals extend through

more than two and a half

and whose story must commence

welcomed the pale-faced voyagers from beyond the

not expected to achieve absolute perfection and completeness of detail, but

we have used our

approximate as nearly as may be

most thoroughly informed

we have not been more anxious

obtainable fdds than to exclude every-

thing of doubtful authenticity.

the obtaining of correct

and the names of those who made them.

Accounts of these are

especially in a region so anciently settled as

through the medium

statements almost invariably disagreeing

and not infreexcept

quently being wholly irreconcilable.

In these extreme cases the histoaian has no resmirce

what they are worth, and

Another source of perplexity

the changes in orthography of

of the old names,

names of persons and

four different ortliographical

times found in the same tiocument;

more than one

which manner was the proper one

meet their approval.

has been our design to

progress of the county of

such a manner as to show clearly to the reader of the present

gradual development from

through the maturing stages

condition of enlii;htenment and pros[)erity, and to illustrate

story the privations,

the virtues, the

and enterprise of her people.

succeeded in accomplishing this purpose, the public verdict will decide.

who have kindlv given

the collection of material for the work,

express our thanks

and among these we would

the gentlemen of the

Columbia County Medical

Society, the editors of

the different journals, and