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Tingkatan: …………………………………...
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The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given are the ones
commonly used.
RELATIONS
1 a m × a n = a m +n
2 a m ÷ a n = a m −n
3 (a m ) n = a mn
4 Distance = ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2
5 Midpoint
x1 + x 2 y + y2
( x, y) = , 1
2 2
distance travelled
6 Average speed =
time taken
sum of data
7 Mean =
number of data
8 Pythagoras Theorem
c2 = a 2 + b2
1
2 Area of triangle = × base × height
2
1
4 Area of trapezium = × sum of parallel sides × height
2
5 Circumference of circle = π d = 2 π r
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6 Area of circle = π r 2
11 Volume of cylinder = π r 2 h
1 2
12 Volume of cone = πr h
3
4 3
13 Volume of sphere = πr
3
1
14 Volume of right pyramid = × base area × height
3
PA′
18 Scale factor, k =
PA
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