1. Beneficence Is an action that is done for the benefit of others.

. Beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent or remove harms or to simply improve the situation of others. Examples: Resuscitating a drowning victim Providing vaccinations for the general population Encouraging a patient to quit smoking and start an exercise program Talking to the community about STD prevention. 2. Non-maleficence Means to do no harm. Physicians must refrain from providing ineffective treatments or acting with malice toward patients. This principle, however, offers little useful guidance to physicians since many beneficial therapies also have serious risks. The pertinent ethical issue is whether the benefits outweigh the burdens. Examples: Stopping a medication that is shown to be harmful refusing to provide a treatment that has not been shown to be effective. indifferent Means any action that is neither good nor evil.

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