Pure S ubs ta nce s

& Mix tu r es
 What is a
pu re
su bsta nc e ?
 Pu re Su bst ance

 A substance in which there is only one

type of particle.
 The particles of a pure substance are
alike no matter where they are found.
 Ex: Particles of iron in a skillet are the same as the
iron particles found in a meteorite
 Ele me nt

 Is a pure substance that cannot be

separated into simpler substances by
physical or chemical means.

 It only has one type of particle

 Comp ounds

 A pure substance composed of two or

more elements that are chemically
combined.
 Salt- Sodium & Chlorine
 Water- hydrogen & oxygen
 Sugar- carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
 Baking soda- sodium, hydrogen, carbon, and
oxygen.
 Co mp ounds a ren't
Random
 The elements that make up a compound
join in a specific ratio according to their
masses.
 Water
 1g hydrogen to 8g oxygen = 1:8 = 1/8

 Each compound has its own set or

identifying properties different from the
elements that it is formed from.
 What is a

mixt ur e ?
 Mix ture

 Is a combination of two or more

substance that are not chemically
combined.

 The substance in a mixture retain their

identity.
 Ex: pizza, salt water
Mix tures a re either:
 Heterogeneous:
 In a heterogeneous mixture you can see the
different substances that make up the
mixture
OR
 Homogeneous:
 In a homogenous mixture you can not tell
the difference between the substances that
make up the mixture
How d o yo u se para te a
mixture ?
 By:
Physical separation (take topping off pizza)
Distillation (based on boiling points)
A magnet (certain metals)
A centrifuge (separates by density)
Filter (solid particles)
Evaporation (sodium chloride & water)
 So lutions

 Are mixtures that appear to be a single

substance.

 They are still composed of two or more

substance but they are distributed evenly
amongst each other.
 They are homogeneous.
 Parts of a Solutio n

 Solute- The substance that is dissolved

 Ex: salt

 Solvent- The substance in which the solute is

dissolved in.
 Ex: Water

 Salt is soluble in water

 When two liquids or gasses for a solution the

substance of greater volume is the solvent.
 Oth er t yp es o f
Mix tures:
 Suspensions: A mixture in which particles
or a material are dispersed throughout a
liquid or gas but are large enough that they
settle out.

 Colloids: A mixture in which particles are

dispersed throughout but are not heavy
enough to settle out. Ex: Milk, Jell-O, Fog
 They cannot be separated by filtration the particles
are to small
 More o n Mix ture s:
 Concentration: measures the amount of a
solute dissolved in a solvent.
 Solutions can be described as being concentrated or
diluted.

 Solubility: The amount of solute needed to

make a saturated solution ( grams/ 100mL)
 Saturated: A solution that contains all the solute is
can hold at a given temperature.
 Unsaturated: A solution that contains less solute
then it can hold at a given temperature.
Mix tures Vs.
Co mpounds
Mixtures Compounds
Components are elements, Components are elements.
compounds, or both.

Components keep their Components lose their

original properties. original properties.
Separated by physical means. Separated by chemical means.

Formed using any ratio of Formed using a set mass ratio

components of components.