Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications

Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Amoxil (Amoxicillin) 250500 mg, every 8 hours, PO Anti-infective Antiulcer agents Binds to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death. Skin and skin structure infections Otitis media Sinusitis Respiratory infections Genitourinary infections Endocarditis prophylaxis Postexposure inhalational anthrax prophylaxis Management of ulcer disease due to Helicobacter pylori Hypersensitivity to: Penicillin Tablets for oral suspension (DisperMox) Seizures (High doses) Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Increase liver enzymes Rashes Urticaria Blood dyscrasias Observe for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing). Notify health care professional immediately if these occur. Monitor bowel function. Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody stools should be reported to health care professional promptly as a sign of pseudomembranous colitis. May begin up to several weeks

following cessation of therapy. Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication Zithromax (Azithromycin) 500 mg, once daily, PO Anti-infective Inhibits protein synthesis at the level of the 50s bacterial ribosome. Upper respiratory tract infection Chronic bronchitis Tonsillitis Lower respiratory tract infection Bronchitis Pneumonia Hypersensitivity to: Azithromycin Erythromycin Other macrolide anti-infective Abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea Observe for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing) notify the physician immediately if these occur.

Contraindications

Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg, every 12 hours, PO Anti-infective Inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Urinary tract and gynaecologic infections Gonorrhoea Prostatitis Respiratory tract infection including sinusitis Skin and skin structure infections Bone and joint infections Infectious diarrhea Intra-abdominal infections Perioperative prophylaxis Hospital acquired pneumonia Febrile neutropenia Post exposure treatment of inhalation anthrax Hypersensitivity Dizziness Drowsiness Headache Insomnia Abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea Anaphylaxis Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing). Discontinue drug and notify physician immediately if these problems occur.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications

Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Doxycycline (Adoxa) 200 mg, once daily, PO Anti-infective Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at the level of the 30s bacterial ribosome. Gonorrhoea and syphilis Prevention of exacerbation of chronic bronchitis Anthrax Acne Hypersensitivity to: Some products contain alcohol Pregnancy Lactation Dizziness Vestibular reactions Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Photosensitivity Assess patient for infection (vital signs, appearance of wound, sputum, urine, and stool; WBC) at beginning of and throughout therapy.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Cefuroxime (Ceftin) 250 to 500 mg, every 8 hours, PO Anti-infective Bind to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death. Respiratory tract infections Skin and skin structure infection Bone and joint infections Urinary tract and gynaecologic infections Meningitis Otitis media Perioperative prophylaxis Hypersensitivity to penicillin Diarrhea (jaundice) Nausea and vomiting Pain Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing). Discontinue drug and notify physician immediately if these problems occur.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Penicillin V (Veetids) 125 to 500 mg, every 6 to 8 hours, PO Anti-infective Bind to bacterial cell wall, resulting in cell death. Pneumococcal pneumonia Streptococcal pharyngitis Syphilis Gonorrhoea Interococcal infection Prevention of rheumatic fever Lyme disease Previous hypersensitivity to penicillin Diarrhea Epigastric disease Nausea and vomiting Rashes Pain Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing). Discontinue drug and notify physician immediately if these problems occur.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification

Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications

Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Clarithromycin (Biaxin) 250 mg, every 12 hours, PO Agents for atypical mycobacterium Anti-infective Anti-ulcer agents Inhibits protein synthesis at the level of the 50s bacterial ribosome. Respiratory tract infections Streptococcal pharyngitis Sinusitis bronchitis Pneumonia Hypersensitivity to: Clarithromycin Erythromycin Other macrolide anti-infective Abdominal pain or discomfort Abnormal taste Diarrhea Dyspepsia Nausea Assess patient for infection (vital signs, appearance of wound, sputum, urine, and stool; WBC) at beginning of and throughout therapy.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action

Specific Indication Contraindications Side Effects

, 5Nursing Responsibilities

Zafirlukast (Accolate) 20 mg, twice daily, PO Anti-asthmatics Bronchodilators - Binds to beta 2 adrenergic receptors in airway smooth muscle, leading to activation of adenyl cyclase and increased levels of cyclic-3, 5adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP). - Increases in cAMP activate kinases, which inhibit the phosphorylation of myosin and decrease intracellular calcium. - Decreased intracellular calcium relaxes smooth muscle airways. Long-term control agent in the management of asthma. Hypersensitivity Lactation Headache Dizziness Weakness Abdominal pain Diarrhea Dyspepsia Nausea and vomiting Back pain Extended release tablets should be swallowed whole; do not break, crush, or chew.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications

Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Albuterol (Proventil) 2 to 4 mg, 3 to 4 times daily, PO Bronchodilators Relaxation of airway smooth muscle with subsequent bronchodilator. Used as a bronchodilator to control and prevent reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD. Hypersensitivity to: Adrenergic amines Fluorocarbons Nervousness Restlessness Tremor Chest pain Palpitations Extended release tablets should be swallowed whole; do not break, crush, or chew.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action

Specific Indication Contraindications

Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Ipatropium (Atrovent) 1 to 4 inhalations, 3 to 4 times daily, Inhalation Anti-cholinergic Inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in decreased concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Maintenance therapy of reversible airway obstruction due to COPD. Hypersensitivity to: Ipratropium Atropine Belladonna alkaloids Bromide Dizziness Headache Nervousness blurred vision Sore throat Epistaxis Nasal dryness Bronchospasm Cough Hypotension Palpitations Assess for allergy to atropine and belladonna alkaloids; patients with these allergies may also be sensitive to ipratropium. Assess for peanut or soy allergy (inhaler contains soy lecithin). Assess respiratory status (rate, breathe sounds, degree of dyspnea,

pulse) before administration and at peak of medication. Consult physician about alternative medication if sever bronchospasm is present; onset of action is too slow for patients in acute distress. If paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing) occurs, withhold medication and notify physician immediately.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications

Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Triamcinolene (Azmacort) 40 to 80 mcg, twice daily, Inhalation Anti-asthmatics Corticosteroids Potent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier. Asthma (maintenance/ prophylactic; long-term control) May decrease the need for systemic corticosteroids and delay lung damage associated with asthma. Some products contain: Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants Alcohol Propylene Should be avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity Headache Dysphonia Hoarseness Oropharyngeal fungal infections Monitor respiratory status and lung sounds. Pulmonary function tests may be assessing periodically during and for several months after a transfer from systemic to inhalation corticosteroids.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications

Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Cefprozil (Cefzil) 250 to 500 mg, every 8 hours, PO Anti-infective Bind to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death. Respiratory tract infections Skin and skin structure infections Bone and joints infections Hypersensitivity to: Cephalosporin Penicillin Diarrhea Jaundice Nausea a Vomiting Rashes Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing). Discontinue medication and notify physician immediately if the symptoms occur. Keep epinephrine, an anti-histamine, and resuscitation equipment close by in the event of an anaphylactic reaction.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Erythromycin (Erythrocin) 250 mg, every 8 hours, PO Anti-infective Suppresses protein synthesis at the level of the 50s bacterial ribosome. Upper and lower respiratory tract infections Otitis media Skin and skin structure infections Pertussis Diphtheria Erythrasma Intestinal amebiasis Pelvic inflammatory disease Non-gonococcal urethritis Syphilis Legionnaires disease Rheumatic fever Hypersensitivity Nausea Vomiting Do not crush or chew delayed release capsules or tablets; swallow whole.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action

Specific Indication

Contraindications Side Effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Formoterol (Foradil) 1 capsule, every 12 hours, Inhalation Bronchodilator Produces accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) at beta adrenergic receptors, resulting in relaxation of airway smooth muscle. Long term maintenance treatment of asthma Prevention of bronchospasm in reversible obstructive airways disease Long term management of bronchoconstriction associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema Hypersensitivity Acute attack of asthma Dizziness Fatigue Headache Insomnia Malaise Nervousness Observe for paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing). If condition occurs, withhold

medication and notify physician immediately. Monitor patient for sings of anaphylaxis (dyspnea, rash, laryngeal edema) throughout therapy.

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Salmeterol (Serevent) 50 mcg, twice daily, Inhalation Bronchodilator Produces accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) at beta 2 adrenergic receptors. Long term control of reversible airway obstruction due to asthma and for maintenance treatment of asthma and prevention bronchospasm Prevention of exercise induced asthma Maintenance treatment to prevent bronchospasm in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema Hypersensitivity Acute attack of asthma Headache Assess lung sounds, pulse, and blood pressure before administration and periodically during therapy. Monitor pulmonary function tests before initiating therapy and

periodically during course determine effectiveness.

to

Drug Name Dose/ Frequency/ Route Classification Mechanism of Action Specific Indication

Contraindications

Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Amoxicillin (Trimox) 250 to 500 mg, every 8 hours, PO Anti-infective Anti-ulcer agents Binds to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death. Skin and skin structure infections Otitis media Sinusitis Respiratory infections Genitourinary infections Septicaemia Hypersensitivity to: Penicillin Tablet for oral suspension contain aspartame Avoid patient with phenylketonuria Diarrhea Rashes Observe for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing).

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SOURCES:

http://www.pharmacy-and-drugs.com/Lung_diseases/all_reviews.html www.drugGuide.com Davis Drug Guide For Nurses 9th Edition