ExtIPA SYMBOLS FOR DISORDERED SPEECH

(Revised to 1997)

CONSONANTS (other than those on the IPA Chart)

bilabial labiodental dentolabial labioalv. linguolabial interdental bidental alveolar velar velophar.

1 1 1 1
p 1 b1 p b p= b= t £ d£ t 1 d1
Plosive

1 1
m m n£
Nasal

= n1
1
r£
Trill
r 1
Fricative:
1 1 1 1 1 1
v T£ D£ fN
central
f
f  v = = T1 D1 h1 H1
Fricative:

ls lz
lateral+
central

Fricative: ~.. ~.. ~..

nareal m n     N  
Percussive
WW   11
Approximant:
1
l £
lateral
l 1
DIACRITICS
labial spreading ↔
s f ~/ ~/
↔ strong articulation denasal m
1 ~..
1
dentolabial v weak articulation v
ñ
~.. nasal escape v
ñ
1 1 )‚ velopharyngeal friction s))
1 interdental/bidental n1 \ reiterated articulation p\p\p
alveolar t22 whistled articulation s p↓
= ↓ ingressive airflow
£ linguolabial d£ →
sliding articulation Ts
→ ↑ egressive airflow !↑

CONNECTED SPEECH VOICING

(.) short pause 3 pre-voicing 3z
(..) medium pause 3 post-voicing z3
( 9) partial devoicing (z9)
(...) long pause
f loud speech [{f lAUd f}] ( 9 initial partial devoicing (z9
ff louder speech [{ff lAUd´± ff}] 9) final partial devoicing z9)
p quiet speech [{p kwaI´t p}] ( 3) partial voicing (s3)
pp quieter speech [{pp kwaI´t´± pp}] ( 3 initial partial voicing (s3
allegro fast speech [{allegro fA…st allegro}] )3 final partial voicing s3)
lento slow speech [{ lento sloU lento}] = unaspirated p=
crescendo, ralentando, etc. may also be used Ó pre-aspiration Óp

OTHERS
(_¤) indeterminate sound (( )) extraneous noise ((2 sylls))
(V¤), (P¤l¤) indeterminate vowel, plosive, etc. ¡ sublaminal lower alveolar percussive click
(Pl¤ ,¤ v¤ l¤ s¤ ¤) indeterminate voiceless plosive, etc. <¡ alveolar & sublaminal click ('cluck-click')
( ) silent articulation (S), (m) * sound with no available symbol

© 1997 ICPLA Reproduced by permission of the International Clinical Phonetics & Linguistics Association.