Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial School of Arts and Trades San Antonio, Bian City
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INSTALL FRAMING WORKS INSTALLING FRAMING WORKS This module covers the required competencies in preparing appropriate materials, tools and equipment for installing framing works, layingout/erecting and assembling post and girts, layingout/installing floor joists , laying-out/installing wall studs, laying-out/fabricating/installing roof frames, laying-out/installing ceiling joist. 80 hrs. NATIONAL CERTIFICATE LEVEL II
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SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to: LO 1. Prepare appropriate materials, tools and equipment for installing framing works LO 2. Lay-out/erect and assemble post and girts LO 3. Lay-out/install floor joists LO 4. Lay-out/install wall studs LO 5. Lay-out/fabricate/install roof frames LO 6. Lay-out/install ceiling joist
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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
Plans and details are correctly interpreted according to job requirements Appropriate materials, tools and equipment are selected and prepared consistent with job requirements Materials are re-checked and properly staged according to job requirements Defective materials are reported to immediate supervisor following standard operating procedures Posts and girts are laid-out, marked and cut according to working drawings and specifications with tolerance of 3 mm on all measurements, plumbness, and levelness Posts are erected vertically based on plans and specifications with tolerance of + 3 mm on all measurements Girts and girders are attached to the posts horizontally according to plans and specifications Unexpected situations are responded to in line with work place requirement Housekeeping is performed according to safety regulations Appropriate PPE is used according to job requirements Floor joists are set out, cut and fixed, and laterally supported at + 3 mm on all measurements and levelness in accordance with working drawings and specifications Joists are trimmed for openings and fixed with fastenings according to the requirements of the working drawings and specifications Wall studs are identified, measured and cut based on working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3 mm maximum on all measurements Horizontal studs are laidout and installed based on working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3 mm maximum on all measurements Types of roof and other components are fabricated, laid-out and installed according to working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3 mm on all measurements, plumbness, levelness and squareness Roof components are installed according to working drawings and specifications Ceiling joists are identified, measured, and cut according to working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3 mm on all measurements, levelness and squareness Ceiling joists are laid-out and installed according to working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3 mm on all measurements, levelness and squareness Unexpected situations are responded to in line with work place requirement Housekeeping is performed according to safety regulations Appropriate PPE is used according to job requirements and OHS specifications
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Prepare appropriate materials, tools and equipment for installing framing works
CONTENTS: Characteristics of common Philippine Lumber Material Specifications Types and Parts of a Frame Constructions
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1. Plans and details are correctly interpreted according to job requirements 2. Appropriate materials, tools and equipment are selected and prepared consistent with job requirements 3. Materials are re-checked and properly staged according to job requirements 4. Defective materials are reported to immediate supervisor following standard operating procedures 5. Unexpected situations are responded to in line with work place requirement 6. Housekeeping is performed according to safety regulations 7. Appropriate PPE is selected according to job requirements CONDITIONS: You must be provided with the following: 1. WORKPLACE LOCATION 2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Claw Hammer Pencil/Marking pen Pull-Push Rule Nylon String Steel Square Try-square Hand Saw Chalk Line 3. TRAINING MATERIALS Leaning Packages Bond paper Ball pens ASSESSMENT METHOD Portfolio Carpentry NC II Install Framing Works
Date Developed: Sept. 1, 2011 Developed by: Glenn F. Salandanan Document No. Issued by: Revision ____ #
Personal Protective Equipment Portable Circular Saw Plan and working drawings Lumber Nails Plywood
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Learning Experience
PREPARE APPROPRIATE MATERIALS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR INSTALLING FRAMING WORKS Learning Activities Read Information Sheet No. 5.1-1 on Characteristics of Common Philippine Lumber Answer Self-Check No. 5.1-1 Read Information Sheet No.5.1-2 on Material Specifications Answer Self-Check No. 5.1-2 Read Information Sheet No. 5.1-3 on Types and Parts of a Frame Construction Answer Self-Check No. 5.1-3 Compare your answer to the answer key Compare your answer to the answer key Compare your answer to the answer key Special Instructions
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o No. 4 common permits waste, is of low quality, and may have coarse features such as decay and holes. It is used for sheathing, subfloors, and roof boards in the cheaper types of construction, but its most important industrial outlet is for boxes and crates. o No. 5 common is not produced in some kinds of lumber. It is used for boxes, crates, and dunnage, for which the quality requirement is very low. CODE FOR SURFACED LUMBER Code Meaning S1E S2E S1S S2S S1S1E S2SIE S1S2E S4S SURFACED SURFACED SURFACED SURFACED SURFACED SURFACED SURFACED SURFACED 1 EDGE 2 EDGES 1 SIDE 2 SIDES 1 SIDE AND EDGE 2 SIDES AND 1 EDGE 1 SIDE AND 2 EDGES 4 SIDES
2. Uses of Lumber a. Frames. Building frames are the wood forms constructed to support the finished members of a structure. These include posts, girders (beams), scabs, joists, subfloors, sole plates, girts, knee braces, top plates, and rafters. No. 2 common lumber is used for framing. Heavy frame components, such as beams and girders, are made by combining several pieces of framing material. b. Walls. The exterior wall of a frame structure usually has three layers: sheathing, building paper, and siding. Sheathing and siding lumber are normally grade No. 2 common softwood, which is with solid knots, no voids. Siding is either vertically or horizontally applied. Theater construction may limit available material to lap siding for both horizontal and vertical surfaces. For local procurement, there are several types of drop and bevel siding, which is applied horizontally. 3. Sizes Lumber is usually sawed into standard dimensions (length, width, and thickness). This allows uniformity in planning structures and in ordering materials. Table 1 lists the common widths and thicknesses of wood in rough and in dressed dimensions in the US. Standards have been established for dimension differences between the quoted size of lumber and its standard sizes when dressed. Quoted size refers to dimensions prior to surfacing. These dimension differences must be taken into consideration. A good example of the dimension difference is the common 2 x 4. As shown in Table 1, the familiar quoted size 2 x 4 is JZGMSAT QA SYSTEM Carpentry NC II Install Framing Works
Date Developed: Sept. 1, 2011 Developed by: Glenn F. Salandanan Document No. Issued by: Revision ____ #
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the rough or nominal dimension, but the actual dressed size is 1 1/2 x 3 1/2 inches. Lumber is sawn in standard sizes used for light framing. Thickness: 1, 2, and 4 inches. Width: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 inches. Length: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 feet. The actual dimensions of dressed lumber are less than the sewn dimensions because of drying and planing (or finishing). For the relative difference between sewn (standard or nominal) dimensions and actual sizes of construction lumber, see Table 2-1.
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BALLOON FRAME In balloon-frame construction, exterior wall studs continue through the first and second stories. First floor joists and exterior wall studs both bear on the anchored sill. Second-floor joists bear on a minimum 1x4-inch ribbon strip, which has been let-in to the inside edges of exterior wall studs.
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COMBINATION FRAME A modification of the old braced frame which was of heavy timbers with every joint mortised and tenoned. The modification consists of lighter timbers and less mortising and pinning to save material and labor.
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11. Stud refers to one of a series of structural wood lying vertically along the walls and partitions. 12. Truss is a structural unit assembled in the form of a triangle. It provides a rigid support over wide spans with minimum amount of material. 13. Wall is a vertical plane structure found inside or outside a building. It is made of lumber, board, concrete or hollow blocks.
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CONTENTS: Post Girts and Girders Load Conditions and Structural System Response
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1. Posts and girts are laid-out, marked and cut according to working drawings and specifications with tolerance of 3mm on all measurements, plumbness, and levelness 2. Posts are erected vertically based on plans and specifications with tolerance of + 3mm on all measurements 3. Girts and girders are attached to the posts horizontally according to plans and specifications 4. Unexpected situations are responded to in line with work place requirement 5. Housekeeping is performed according to safety regulations 6. Appropriate PPE is used according to job requirements CONDITIONS: You must be provided with the following: 1. WORKPLACE LOCATION 2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Claw Hammer Pencil/Marking pen Pull-Push Rule Nylon String Steel Square Try-square Hand Saw Chalk Line 3. TRAINING MATERIALS Leaning Packages Bond paper Ball pens ASSESSMENT METHOD Portfolio Carpentry NC II Install Framing Works
Date Developed: Sept. 1, 2011 Developed by: Glenn F. Salandanan Document No. Issued by: Revision ____ #
Personal Protective Equipment Portable Circular Saw Plan and working drawings Lumber Nails Plywood
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Learning Experience
LAY-OUT/ERECT AND ASSEMBLE POST AND GIRTS
Learning Activities Read Information Sheet No. 5.2-1 on Post Answer Self-Check No. 5.2-1 Compare your answer to the answer key Special Instructions
Evaluate your own work using the Performance Criteria Checklist Perform Operation Sheet No. 5.2-1 on Present your work to your trainer for Erecting Post evaluation Keep a copy of your work for the next activities Read Information Sheet No.5.2-2 on Girts and Girders Answer Self-Check No. 5.2-2 Read Information Sheet No. 5.2-3 on Load Conditions and Structural system Response Compare your answer to the answer key
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B. Methods of Plumbing Posts After the corner post, T-post, and intermediate wall studs have been nailed to the plates or girts, the walls must be plumbed and straightened so that the permanent braces and rafters may be installed. This is done by using a level or plumb bob and a chalkline. Plumbing Posts There are two methods for plumbing posts. Method 1: To plumb a corner with a plumb bob 1. To plumb a corner with a plumb bob, first attach to the bob a string long enough to extend to or below the bottom of the post. 2. Lay a rule on top of the post so that 2 inches of the rule extends over the post on the side to be plumbed. 3. Then hang the bob-line over the rule so that the line is 2 inches from the post and extends to the bottom of it. 4. With another rule, measure the distance from the post to the center of the line at the bottom of the post; if it does not measure 2 inches, the post is not plumb. 5. Move the post inward or outward until distance from the post to the center of the line is exactly 2 inches. Then nail the temporarily brace in place. 6. Repeat this procedure to the other face of the post. The post is then plum. This process is carried out to the remaining post of the building.
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Method 2: An alternate method of plumbing a post 1. Attach the string of the plumb bob securely at the top of the post to be plumbed, making sure that the string is long enough to allow the plumb bob to hung near the bottom of the post. 2. Use two blocks of wood identical in thickness as gage blocks. 3. Tack one block near the top of the post between the plumb bob string and the post (gage block No. 1). 4. Inserting the second block between the plumb bob string and the bottom of the post (gage block No. 2) . 5. If the entire face of the second block makes contact with the string, the post is plumb.
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_____________ Lay a rule on top of the post so that 2 inches of the rule extends over the post on the side to be plumbed. _____________ To plumb a corner with a plumb bob, first attach to the bob a string long enough to extend to or below the bottom of the post. _____________ Move the post inward or outward until distance from the post to the center of the line is exactly 2 inches. Then nail the temporarily brace in place. _____________ Then hang the bob-line over the rule so that the line is 2 inches from the post and extends to the bottom of it. _____________ With another rule, measure the distance from the post to the center of the line at the bottom of the post; if it does not measure 2 inches, the post is not plumb. _____________ Repeat this procedure to the other face of the post. The post is then plum. This process is carried out to the remaining post of the building.
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3 4
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Steps/Procedure: Step 1. Prepare all the materials needed including the braces that will be used in supporting the post. Step 2. Temporarily place the post on the concrete foundation. Then plumb the post. Follow the proper plumbing techniques in plumbing a post. Step 3. Mark the position of the hole of the metal strap to the post where the bolt will be placed. Step 4. Make a bore on the post. The diameter of the bore should fit the bolts to be used. Step 5. Replace the post on the concrete foundation. Test the plumbness of the post on its side and at its adjacent side. Step 6. Place temporary braces on the post. Step 7. Fasten the post with bolts and nuts securely on the concrete foundation. Use appropriate tools in tightening the nuts. Step 8. Have instructor check your work. Assessment Method: Portfolio Demonstration Carpentry NC II Install Framing Works
Date Developed: Sept. 1, 2011 Developed by: Glenn F. Salandanan Document No. Issued by: Revision ____ #
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CRITERIA 1. Did I laid-out, marked and cut the post according to the working drawing? 2. Are the required measurements on the materials (wood post) in correct based from the plan? 3. Is the post erected vertically with tolerance of 3 mm? 4. Did I use appropriate personal protective equipment in erecting the post?
YES
NO
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Girders carry a large part of the building weight. They must be rigid and properly supported at the foundation walls and on the columns. They must be installed properly to support joists. The ends of wood girders should bear at least 4 inches on posts. SIZE REQUIREMENTS Carpenters should understand the effect of length, width, and depth on the strength of wood girders before attempting to determine their size. Principles that govern the size of a girder are the: Distance between girder posts Girder load area Total floor load on the girder per square foot Load on the girder per linear foot Total load on the girder Material to be used Wood moisture content and types of wood used, since some woods are stronger than others
A girder should be just large enough to support an ordinary load. Any size larger than that wastes material. For greater carrying capacity, it is better to increase a girder's depth (within limits) than its width. When the depth of a girder is doubled (the width of lumber, such as 2 x 8 or 2 x 6), the safe load increases four times. For example, a girder 3 inches wide and 12 inches deep will carry four times as much weight as a girder 3 inches wide and 6 inches deep. Joist -to-girder attachment Carpentry NC II Install Framing Works
Date Developed: Sept. 1, 2011 Developed by: Glenn F. Salandanan Document No. Issued by: Revision ____ #
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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 5.2-3 LOAD CONDITIONS AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEM RESPONSE
LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Upon completing this section, you should be able to KNOW the TYPES OF BUILDING LOADS. Building loads can be divided into two types based on the orientation of the structural actions or forces that they induce:
Vertical Loads Dead (gravity) Live (gravity) Snow (gravity) Wind (uplift on roof) Seismic and wind (overturning) Seismic (vertical ground motion) Horizontal (Lateral) Loads Wind Seismic (horizontal ground motion) Flood (static and dynamic hydraulic forces) Soil (active lateral pressure)
Gravity loads act in the same direction as gravity (i.e., downward or vertically) and include dead, live, and snow loads. They are generally static in nature and usually considered a uniformly distributed or concentrated load. A buildings structure weight is called the dead load. The dead load per square foot of floor area is carried directly or indirectly to the girder by bearing partitions. The weight of furniture, persons, and other movable loads, not actually a part of the building but still carried by the girder, is called the live load. Snow on the roof is considered part of the live load. Wind uplift forces are generated by negative (suction) pressures acting in an outward direction from the surface of the roof in response to the aerodynamics of wind flowing over and around the building. Vertical forces are also created by overturning reactions due to wind and seismic lateral loads acting on the overall building and its lateral force resisting systems. Earthquakes also produce vertical ground motions or accelerations which increase the effect of gravity loads. The primary loads that produce lateral forces on buildings are attributable to forces associated with wind, seismic ground motion, floods, and soil. Wind and seismic lateral loads apply to the entire building. Lateral forces from wind are generated by positive wind pressures on the windward face of the building and by negative pressures on the leeward face of the building, creating a combined pushand-pull effect. Carpentry NC II Install Framing Works
Date Developed: Sept. 1, 2011 Developed by: Glenn F. Salandanan Document No. Issued by: Revision ____ #
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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 3 CONTENTS: Floor Joist Standard Size of Floor Opening
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1. Floor joists are set out, cut and fixed, and laterally supported at + 3mm on all measurements and levelness in accordance with working drawings and specifications 2. Joists are trimmed for openings and fixed with fastenings according to the requirements of the working drawings and specifications 3. Unexpected situations are responded to in line with work place requirement 4. Housekeeping is performed according to safety regulations 5. Appropriate PPE is used according to job requirements CONDITIONS: You must be provided with the following: 1. WORKPLACE LOCATION 2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Claw Hammer Pencil/Marking pen Pull-Push Rule Nylon String Steel Square Try-square Hand Saw Chalk Line 3. TRAINING MATERIALS Leaning Packages Bond paper Ball pens ASSESSMENT METHOD Portfolio
Personal Protective Equipment Portable Circular Saw Plan and working drawings Lumber Nails Plywood
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Learning Experience
LAY-OUT/INSTALL FLOOR JOISTS
Learning Activities Read Information Sheet No. 5.3-1 on Floor Joist Answer Self-Check No. 5.3-1 Read Information Sheet No.5.3-2 on Standard Size of Floor Opening Answer Self-Check No. 5.3-2 Compare your answer to the answer key Compare your answer to the answer key Special Instructions
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side of the beam (along its bottom edge), forming a seat for the joists and helping to support them. 13. Sill - a horizontal timber, at the bottom of the frame of a wood structure, which rests on the foundation.
Floor Joists on Beams/Girders A wood floor is a horizontal structural system composed primarily of the following members: joists girders sheathing Wood floor systems have traditionally been built of solid sawn lumber for floor joists and girders, although parallel chord wood trusses and wood I-joists are seeing increasing use, and offer advantages for dimensional consistency, and spans. Floor joists are horizontal, repetitive framing members that support the floor sheathing and transfer the live and dead floor loads to the walls, girders, or columns below. Girders are horizontal members that support floor joists not otherwise supported by interior or exterior load-bearing walls. Floor sheathing is a horizontal structural element, usually plywood or oriented strand board panels, that directly supports floor loads and distributes the loads to the framing system below. Floor sheathing also provides lateral support to the floor joists. JZGMSAT QA SYSTEM Carpentry NC II Install Framing Works
Date Developed: Sept. 1, 2011 Developed by: Glenn F. Salandanan Document No. Issued by: Revision ____ #
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Laying out and Constructing a Platform Floor Assembly After the foundation is completed and the concrete or mortar has been properly set up, assembly of the floor system can begin. The construction of a platform floor assembly is normally done in the sequence shown below: Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. Step 5. Step 6. Check the foundation for squareness. Lay out and install the sill plates. Build and/or install the girders and supports. Lay out the sills and girder for the floor joists. Lay out the joist locations for partitions and floor openings. Cut and attach the joist headers to the sill.
Install the joists. Frame the openings in the floor. Install the bridging.
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Figure 1
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A typical procedure for framing an opening like the one shown is given below: Step 1. First install full-length trimmer joists A and C, then cut four header pieces with a length corresponding to the distance between the trimmer joists A and C. Step 2. Nail two of these header pieces (headers No. 1 and No. 2) between trimmer joists A and C at the required distances. Step 3. Following this, cut short tail joists X and Y and nail them to headers No. 1 and No. 2. Check the code to see if the hangers are required. Step 4. After headers No. 1 and 2 and tail joists X and Y are securely nailed, headers No. 3 and No. 4 can be installed and nailed to headers No. 1 and No. 2. Then, joists B and D can be placed next to and nailed to trimmer joists A and C, respectively. Carpentry NC II Install Framing Works
Date Developed: Sept. 1, 2011 Developed by: Glenn F. Salandanan Document No. Issued by: Revision ____ #
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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 4 CONTENTS: Components of a Wall Measuring and Cutting Studs
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1. Wall studs are identified, measured and cut based on working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3mm maximum on all measurements 2. Horizontal studs are laidout and installed based on working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3mm maximum on all measurements 3. Unexpected situations are dealt with according to company rules and regulations 4. Appropriate PPE are used according to OSHC regulations 5. Housekeeping is performed according to safety standards and regulations CONDITIONS: You must be provided with the following: 1. WORKPLACE LOCATION 2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Claw Hammer Pencil/Marking pen Pull-Push Rule Nylon String Steel Square Try-square Hand Saw Chalk Line 3. TRAINING MATERIALS Leaning Packages Bond paper Ball pens ASSESSMENT METHOD Portfolio
Personal Protective Equipment Portable Circular Saw Plan and working drawings Lumber Nails Plywood
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Learning Experience
LAY-OUT/INSTALL WALL STUDS
Learning Activities Read Information Sheet No. 5.4-1 on Components of a Wall Evaluate your own work using the Performance Criteria Checklist Perform Operation Sheet No. 5.4-1 on Present your work to your trainer for Laying-out Wall evaluation Keep a copy of your work for the next activities Read Information Sheet No. 5.4-2 on Measuring and Cutting Studs Evaluate your own work using the Performance Criteria Checklist Perform Operation Sheet No. 5.4-2a Present your work to your trainer for on Assembling the Wall evaluation Keep a copy of your work for the next activities Evaluate your own work using the Performance Criteria Checklist Perform Operation Sheet No. 5.4-2b Present your work to your trainer for on Erecting the Wall evaluation Keep a copy of your work for the next activities Evaluate your own work using the Performance Criteria Checklist Perform Operation Sheet No. 5.4-2c Present your work to your trainer for on Plumbing and Aligning the Wall evaluation Keep a copy of your work for the next activities Special Instructions
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Blocking (spacer)A wood block used as a filler piece and support between framing members. Cripple studIn wall framing, a short framing stud that fills the space between a header and a top plate or between the sill and the soleplate. Double top plateA plate made of two members to provide better stiffening of a wall. It is also used for connecting splices, corners, and partitions that are at right angles (perpendicular) to the wall. HeaderA horizontal structural member that supports the load over an opening such as a door or window. King studThe full-length stud next to the trimmer stud in a wall opening.
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PartitionA wall that subdivides space within a building. A bearing partition or wall is one that supports the floors and roof directly above in addition to its own weight. Rough openingAn opening in the framing formed by framing members, usually for a window or door. Rough sillThe lower framing member attached to the top of the lower cripple studs to form the base of a rough opening for a window. SoleplateThe lowest horizontal member of a wall or partition to which the studs are nailed. It rests on the rough floor. StudThe main vertical framing member in a wall or partition. Top plateThe upper horizontal framing member of a wall used to carry the roof trusses or rafters. Trimmer studThe vertical framing member that forms the sides of rough openings for doors and windows. It provides stiffening for the frame and supports the weight of the header.
B. Exterior Wall Framing Studs are at least nominal 2x4 inches with the 4-inch dimension forming the basic wall thickness Stud spacing is normally 16 inches in exterior walls, although 24-inch spacing of 2x4 studs is acceptable Studs are arranged in multiples at corners and partition intersections to provide for rigid attachment of sheathing, siding and interior wall finish materials.
C. Exterior Wall Openings A header of adequate size is required at window and door openings Headers may be supported by doubled studs or, where the span does not exceed 3 feet, framing anchors may be used with single supporting studs Where the opening width exceeds 6 feet, triple studs are used with each end of the header bearing on two studs.
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D. Interior Partition Framing There are two types of interior partitions: 1. Bearing partitions which support floors, ceilings or roofs Studs at least nominal 2x4 inches Plates are lapped or tied into exterior walls at intersection points Single top plates are permitted where joists or rafters are supported directly over bearing wall studs Studs supporting floors are spaced a maximum of 16 inches on center Studs supporting ceilings may be spaced 24 inches on center Headers in bearing walls are used to carry loads over openings, as required for exterior walls 2. Non-bearing partitions which carry only the weight of the materials in the partition, including attachments in the finished building. Studs are nominal 2x3 or 2x4 inches and may be installed with the wide face perpendicular or parallel to the wall surface Single top plates are used Stud spacing is 16-or 24-inches on center as required by the wall covering
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Steps/Procedure: Step 1. Mark the locations of the soleplates by measuring in the width of the soleplate (e.g., 3") from the outside edge of the sill on each corner. Snap a chalkline to mark the soleplate location, then repeat this for each wall. Step 2. The top plate and soleplate are laid out together. Start by placing the soleplate as indicated by the chalkline and tacking it in place. Lay the top plate against the soleplate so that the location of framing members can be transferred from the soleplate to the top plate. Also tack the top plate. Tacking prevents the plates from moving, which would make the critical layout lines inaccurate. Step 3. Lay out the common stud positions. To begin, measure and square a line 15" from one end. Subtracting this " ensures that sheathing and other panels will fall at the center of the studs. Drive a nail at that point and use a continuous tape to measure and mark the stud locations every 16". Align your framing square at each mark. Scribe a line along each side of the framing square tongue across both the soleplate and top plate. These lines will show the outside edges of each stud, centered on 16" intervals. Assessment Method: Portfolio Demonstration Carpentry NC II Install Framing Works
Date Developed: Sept. 1, 2011 Developed by: Glenn F. Salandanan Document No. Issued by: Revision ____ #
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CRITERIA 1. Did I lay-out and mark the location of the wall according to the house plan? 2. Did I use appropriate personal protective equipment in laying out the wall? 3. Did I perform housekeeping according to safety regulation?
YES
NO
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B. To determine the stud length when the thickness of the underlayment must be considered The length of the stud should be 925/8"; i.e., ceiling height plus the combined thicknesses of the ceiling material and underlayment (" + 5/8"), less the combined thicknesses of the plates (4"). (Again, we are assuming a flooring material of no appreciable thickness.) C. To determine the stud length for non-bearing wall that does not require the use of a double top plate The calculated stud length is 1" longer (941/8").
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D. To determine the length of a window or door trimmer stud Subtract the thickness of the soleplate from the height of the header. If the installation is on a wood floor, the thickness of the underlayment must also be subtracted. E. To determine the length of a cripple stud above a door or window Combine the height of the trimmer and the thickness of the header, then subtract that total from the length of a regular stud. F. To determine the length of a cripple stud below a window Determine the height of the rough opening from the floor, then subtract the combined thicknesses of the rough sill and soleplate.
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Steps/Procedure:
Step 1. Start by laying the soleplate near the edge of the floor. Then, place the top plate about a regular stud length away from the soleplate. Be sure to use treated lumber if the soleplate is in contact with a masonry floor. Step 2. Assemble the corners and partition Ts using the straightest pieces to ensure that the corners are plumb. Also, save some of the straightest studs for placement in the wall where countertops or fixtures will hit the centers of studs (such as in kitchens, bathrooms, and laundry rooms). Step 3. Lay a regular stud at each X mark with the crown up. If a stud is bowed, replace it and use it to make cripples. Step 4. Assemble the window and door headers and put them in place with the crowns up. Step 5. Lay out and assemble the rough openings, making sure that each opening is the correct size and that it is square. Step 6. Nail the framework together. For 2 4 framing, use two 16d nails through the plate into the end of each stud. For 2 6 framing, use three nails. The use of a nail gun is recommended for this purpose; however, do not attempt this if you have not received proper training in the use of this tool.
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CRITERIA 1. Did I cut/trim the needed materials (lumber) according to dimension as specified in the house plan? 2. Is the assembled wall in according to the house plan and specifications of 3 mm on all measurements, plumbness,, levelness and squareness? 3. Did I deal with unexpected situations accordingly? 4. Did I perform housekeeping according to safety regulation? 5. Did I use appropriate personal protective equipment in assembling the wall?
YES
NO
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Steps/Procedure: Step 1. If the sheathing was installed with the wall laying down, or if the wall is very long, it will probably be too heavy to be lifted into place by the framing crew. In that case, use a crane or the special lifting jacks made for that purpose . Use cleats to prevent the wall from sliding. Step 2. Raise the wall section and nail it in place using 16d nails on every other floor joist. On a concrete slab, use preset anchor bolts. Step 3. Plumb the corners and apply temporary exterior bracing. Then erect, plumb, and brace the remaining walls. The bracing helps keep the structure square and will prevent the walls from being blown over by the wind. Generally, the braces remain in place until the roof is complete. Step 4. As the walls are erected, straighten the walls and nail temporary interior bracing in place. Assessment Method: Portfolio Demonstration
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CRITERIA 1. Did I use a cleat to prevent the wall from sliding while erecting the wall? 2. Is the erected wall in according to the house plan and specifications of 3 mm on all measurements, plumbness, levelness and squareness? 3. Did I secure the wall with temporary exterior and interior bracing? 4. Did I use appropriate personal protective equipment in assembling the wall? 5. Did I perform housekeeping according to safety regulation?
YES
NO
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Steps/Procedure: Step 1. Plumb one corner post with a level or a plumb bob. Nail temporary braces to hold the post in place. Repeat this procedure for all corner posts. Step 2. Fasten a chalk line to the outside of one corner post at the top and stretch the line to the corner post at the opposite end of the building. Then fasten the line to this post. Step 3. Place a 3/4-inch block under each end of the line for clearance. Step 4. Place temporary braces at intervals small enough to hold the wall straight. Step 5. Nail the brace when the wall is far enough away from the line to permit a 3/4-inch block to slide between the line and the plate. NOTE: Do not remove the temporary braces until you have completed the framingparticularly the floor or roof diaphragm that sits on top of the wallsand sheathing for the entire building. Assessment Method: Portfolio Demonstration
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CRITERIA 1. Is the erected wall in according to the house plan and specifications of 3 mm on all measurements, plumbness, levelness and squareness? 2. Did I use appropriate personal protective equipment in laying out the wall? 3. Did I perform housekeeping according to safety regulation?
YES
NO
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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 5 CONTENTS: Types of Roof Designs Roof Frames Parts of a Roof Tension and Compression of Truss
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1. Types of roof and other components are fabricated, laid-out and installed according to working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3mm on all measurements, plumbness, levelness and squareness 2. Roof components are installed according to working drawings and specifications 3. Unexpected situations are responded to in line with work place requirement 4. Housekeeping is performed according to safety regulations 5. Appropriate PPE is used according to job requirements and OHS specifications CONDITIONS: You must be provided with the following: 1. WORKPLACE LOCATION 2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Claw Hammer Pencil/Marking pen Pull-Push Rule Nylon String Steel Square Try-square Hand Saw Chalk Line 3. TRAINING MATERIALS Leaning Packages Bond paper Ball pens ASSESSMENT METHOD Portfolio
Personal Protective Equipment Portable Circular Saw Plan and working drawings Lumber Nails Plywood
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Learning Experience
Lay-out/fabricate/install roof frames
Learning Activities Read Information Sheet No. 5.5-1 on Types of Roof Design Answer Self-Check No. 5.5-1 Read Information Sheet No. 5.5-2 on Roof Frames Answer Self-Check No. 5.5-2 Read Information Sheet No. 5.5-3 on Parts of a Roof Answer Self-Check No. 5.5-3 Compare your answer to the answer key Compare your answer to the answer key Compare your answer to the answer key Special Instructions
Evaluate your own work using the Performance Criteria Checklist Perform Operation Sheet No. 5.5-3 on Present your work to your trainer for Laying-out Truss evaluation Keep a copy of your work for the next activities Read Information Sheet No. 5.5-4 on Tension and Compression of Truss Answer Self-Check No. 5.5-4 Compare your answer to the answer key
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5. Pavilion Roof - a roof hipped equally on all sides, so as to have a pyramidal form; a pyramidal hipped roof. 6. Gambrel Roof - a roof which has two pitches on each side (U.S.); in Great Britain called a Mansard Roof 7. Sawtooth Roof - is a development of the shed roof made into a series of lean-to roofs covering one building. This is commonly used in factories where extra light is required through the clerestories formed in the vertical portion of the roof. 8. Butterfly Roof - is a two shed roof where the slopes meet at the center of the building. 9. Dome - is a hemispherical form of roof usually found in observatories. 10. Conical Roof or Sphere - is a steep roof of circular section that tapers uniformly from the circular base to a central point. - is a steep roof of circular section that tapers uniformly from the circular base to a central point.
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1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
5. ____________________________
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Steps/Procedure: Step 1. Get the material to a level spot of ground where work benches will be almost level. Step 2. Obtain from the blueprints the measurement of all pieces to be used in the truss. Step 3. Lay out the length on the different sizes of timber and cut them accurately. Step 4. After all lengths are cut, lay them in their correct position to form a truss. Step 5. Nail them together temporarily. Step 6. Lay out the location of all holes to be bored. Recheck the measurements for accuracy. Step 7. Bore holes to the size called for on the print. Use a brace and bit or the woodborer that accompanies the air compressor. Bore holes perpendicular to the face of the timber.
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CRITERIA 1. Did I lay out the length of the different sizes of timber and cut them accurately? 2. Did I assemble truss components according to working drawing s and specifications with tolerance of 3 mm on all dimensions, plumbness, levelness and squareness? 3. Did I use appropriate personal protective equipment in cutting formwork materials? 4. Did I perform housekeeping according to safety regulations?
YES
NO
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In view C, the short webs run from the intermediate points F and G of the top chord to points D and E of the bottom chord. Their purpose is to provide support to the top chord. This exerts a downward, pushing-together force (compression) on the short web. In view D, you can see that the overall design of the truss roof transfers the entire load (roof weight, snow load, wind load, and so forth) down through the outside walls to the foundation. Web members must be fastened at certain points along the top and bottom chords in order to handle the stress and weight placed upon the truss.
The balance of tension and compression gives the truss its ability to carry heavy loads and cover wide spans.
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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1. Ceiling joists are identified, measured, and cut according to working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3 mm on all measurements, levelness and squareness 2. Ceiling joists are laid-out and installed according to working drawings and specifications with tolerance of + 3 mm on all measurements, levelness and squareness CONDITIONS: You must be provided with the following: 1. WORKPLACE LOCATION 2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Claw Hammer Pencil/Marking pen Pull-Push Rule Nylon String Steel Square Try-square Hand Saw Chalk Line 3. TRAINING MATERIALS Leaning Packages Bond paper Ball pens ASSESSMENT METHOD Portfolio
Personal Protective Equipment Portable Circular Saw Plan and working drawings Lumber Nails Plywood
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Learning Experience
Lay-out/install ceiling joist
Learning Activities Read Information Sheet No. 5.6-1 on Types of Roof Design Evaluate your own work using the Performance Criteria Checklist Perform Job Sheet No. 5.6-1 on Install Present your work to your trainer for Ceiling Joist evaluation Keep a copy of your work for the next activities Special Instructions
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Roof Framing Ceiling Joists Parallel to Rafters Ceiling joists are usually installed 16 inches or 24 inches on center, starting at one side of the building and continuing across, parallel to the rafters. Extra joists, if needed, may be placed without affecting the spacing of the prime joists. Selecting and installing the ceiling joists are much the same as for floor joists. Ceiling joists are nailed to both the plates and the rafters, if possible, and lapped and nailed over bearing partitions. Joists that lie beside rafters on a plate are cut at the same pitch as the rafter, flush with the top of the rafter. Joists are installed crown or camber up.
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