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Avogadro Hypothesis
LAVOISIERS LAW
Antoine Lavoisier Discovered that the total mass of the substances during a chemical reaction experiences no change. Law of Conservation of Mass, states that:
In a chemical reaction, the total mass of substances before and after the reaction remains the same
Found that the elements consrtucted calcium carbonate (CaCO3), both natural and synthetically made in laboratory have a constant number in proportion and mass. The Law of Define Proportions states: A Chemical compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass
Based on his observation, Dalton formulated the Law of Multiple Proportions (Daltons Law)
If two types of elements combine and form more than one compound, and if the mass of one of the elements in the compounds is the same, the the ration of the masses of the other element in the compounds will take the form of simple whole number
In 1880, Gay-Lussac formulated The Law of Combining Volumes for reaction that involve gases
At constant temperature and pressure, the ratio of the volumes of gases consumed or produced in a chemical reaction takes the form of simple whole number
AVOGADROS HYPOTHESIS
Amedeo Avogadro, in 1811, Finally explained Gay-Lussacs experiment
2 Volumes hydrogen gas + 1 volume oxygen gas 2 volumes water vapor
Avogadro: 2 molecules hydrogen gas + 1 molecule oxygen gas 2 molecules water vapor
HYPOTHESIS AVOGADRO
At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases containt the same number of mulecules