Day 6.

Structures
 Structures

‹ In general, we can call a structure is

a collection of different types of data.

‹ A Structure contains number of data

types grouped together. These data
types may be or may not be of same
data type.
 ‘C’ implementation of Structure.
• The keyword ‘struct’ is used for creating a
structure.
Syntax:
struct structure-name
{
datatype1 varname1;
datatype1 varname2;
datatype1 varname3;
};

creating the object of structure:

struct structure-name var1, var2, var3;
 Accessing structure elements.
. (dot operator) is used to access individual structure element.
e.g. struct list
{
int roll;
char name[10];
float marks;
};
struct list a , b , c;
a.roll – is the integer element of structure a.
a.name – is char array element of structure a
b.marks – is a float element of structure b.
a.marks – is a float element of structure b.
scanf(“%d”, &b.roll); this statement can accept an integer
roll of structure b from user. This is applied to all the
elements of a structure.
How structure elements are stored.
e.g. struct book
{
char name;
int pages;
float price;
};
struct book z = {‘s’, 125, 90.0};

Here value of :
z.name is ‘s’.
z.pages is 125 and z.price is 90.0

Memory map: z.name z.pages z.price

‘s’ 125 90.0

 Valid declaration.
struct list {
int roll;
char name[10];
float marks;
};
struct list a , b , c;

It is equivalent to :
struct list {
int roll;
char name[10];
float marks;
}a, b, c;
 Remember:
¾ The closing bracket of structure type
declaration must be followed by a
semicolon.

¾ Usually structure declaration appears at

the top of the source code file before any
variables and structures are defined.

¾ Accessing single variable in a structures

must be followed by a . (dot operator).
 Example: Creating a student database of 3 students.
#include<stdio.h>
void main( )
{
struct student {
int roll;
char name[10];
float marks;
} a, b, c;
printf(“Enter all information of students:” );
scanf(“%d %s %f”, &a.roll, a.name, &a.marks);
scanf(“%d %s %f”, &b.roll, b.name, &b.marks);
scanf(“%d %s %f”, &c.roll, c.name, &c.marks);

printf(“You entered this information:”);

printf(“\n%d %s %f”, a.roll, a.name, a.marks);
printf(“\n%d %s %f”, b.roll, b.name, b.marks);
printf(“\n%d %s %f”, c.roll, c.name, c.marks);
}
 Array of structures.
¾ We can create the array of structures. Thus, we can use the same
structure for more than one variables which adds more flexibility
in your program. Let’s view the previous example.

#include<stdio.h>
void main( )
{
struct student {
int roll;
char name[10];
float marks;
} a[10];
int j;
printf(“Enter all information of students:” );
for(j = 0 ; j < 10 ; j++)
scanf(“%d %s %f”, &a.roll[i], a.name[i], &a.marks[i]);
for(j = 0 ; j < 10 ; j++)
printf(“\n%d %s %f”, a.roll[i], a.name[i], a.marks[i]);
}
 Memory map for arrays.
a[i].roll a[i].name a[i].marks i

2
a[5].roll
3

8 a[9].name

9
 Created By,
‹ Mr. Tushar B Kute,
Lecturer in Information Technology,
K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik.
tbkute@gmail.com