VIRAL PATHOGENESIS

AND IMMUNE RESPONSE

Fourth Medical, 2007

Prof. Widad Al-Nakib, FRCPath.
ROUTES OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTION
TYPES OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
HSV LATENCY
RESPONSE AFTER ACUTE VIRAL
INFECTION
HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE AFTER PRIMARY
AND SECONDARY VACCINATION
IMMUNE RESPONSE AFTER “LIVE” AND
“KILLED” POLIO VACCINE
HERD IMMUNITY
CHANGES IN THE IMMUNE
RESPONSE WITH AGE
 ANTIVIRAL EFFECT OF ANTIBODY
Target Agent Mechanism
Antibody alone Blocks binding to cells
Blocks entry to cells
Blocks uncoating of virus
Free Virus Damage to virus envelop
Antibody + Opsonization of virus
Complement Lysis of infected cells

Antibody + Opsonization of infected cells

Complement
Virus-Infected Antibody bound ADCC by K cells, NK and
to infected cell /or macrophages
Cell
 HOST EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS in
VIRAL INFECTIONS
Host Defense Effector Target of Effector
Early Non-Specific Fever Virus replication
Response NK cell activity, Virus infected cell
Inflammation Virus replication
Cytotoxic-T Lymphocyte Virus infected cell
Phagocytosis Virus
Interferon Virus replication.
Immunomodulation
Immune Response Activated Macrophages Virus, Virus infected cell
Mediated by Cells Lymphokines Virus infected cell,
Immunomodulation
ADCC Virus infected cell
Humoral Immune Antibody Virus,virus infected cell
Responses Antibody+ Complement Virus, virus infected cell
 PATHOGENISES OF VIRAL
INFECTIONS
Entry of virus i.e. respiratory, gastrointestinal tract, skin

replication at the site of infection

spread to the regional lymphatic

tissues

primary viraemia

multiplication in the reticuloendothelial system, i.e. liver, spleen, bone marrow

secondary viraemia

multiplication in the target organ i.e. brain, skin, liver etc

ENTEROVIRUSES PATHOGENESIS
PATHOGENESIS OF RABIES
VIRUS
MUMPS PATHOGENESIS
STAGES IN HIV INFECTION