PaBsamBaa sIBI er:d

karbgajrbs; CIFOR GMBIRBeQI

karERbRbYlGakasFatu nig er:d
sMKal; ksarenHerobcMeLIgeday CIFOR bu:EnRtUv)aneFIVkarbkERbedaybuKlikGgkar Pact km<Ca.
Ggkar Pact km<Ca mineFIVkarFanaelIkarbkERb nigminmanectnaEktMrUvGtnyeLIy.

enAeBlEdlmnusSCECkKaGMBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatuBYkeKEtgEteRbIR)as;PasabeckeTs
nig BakviTasaRs ehIyBak nigvaksBEdleyIg)anBGaceFIV[manPaBsKsaj edaysarEt
eyIgminyl;BIGtnynBakTaMgenaH.
CIFOR )aneFIVkarerobcMnUvksarENnaM EdlmanlkNgayRsYl edIm,ICYyGksarBt
man Gkneya)ay GgkarminEmnrdaPi)al nig RbCaCnenAkgBiPBelakeGayman karyl;dwgkan;
Etc,as;GMBIsarsMxan;nRBeQIkgkarRbyuTRbqaMgnwgkarERbRbYlGakasFatu. ksarenH nwg
bgajGMBIcMnucsMxan; EdlTak;TgnwigkarERbRbYlGakasFatuBiPBelak RBmCamYydMeNaHRsay
EdlmanRbsiTPaB RbsiTpl nigRbkbedaysmFm .

s1 ehtuGVIeyIgRtUvkarBarRBeQI RbsinebIeyIgcg;kat;bnykarERbRbYl
GakasFatu?
c1 GkviTasaRs)aneFVIkar):an;RbmaNfaRbEhl20PaKrynkarbMPay]snpHkBak; RbcaMqaM

eTAkgbriyakasKWbNalmkBIkar)at;bg; nigkarfycuHRBeQI. karbMPayenHKWeRcInCagkarbMPay

]snpHkBak; EdlecjmkBIvisydwkCBanTUTaMgsklelak.

s2 ehtuGVI)anCakarbMPay]snpHkBak;EdlecjBIRBeQIeRcInCagkarbMPay
]snpHkBak;EdlecjBI rfyntUc rfyndwkTMnij ynehaH nig
k):al;rYmbBalKa?
c2 eBlRBeQITTYlrgkarbMpicbMpaj kardutkMeTc b TTYlrgkarBukpuy kabUnEdlmanenA kg
edImeQITaMgenaH)anbeBajeTAxageRkAbriyakaskgTMrg;Ca]snkabUnic ehIyvaniwgeFVIeGaymankar
ekIneLIgnUvkMritkMedAbriyakas karraMgpb;kMedAEdlmanenAkgEpndIenHehAfa ]snpHkBak; . Cag
enHeTAeTot RBeQImYycMnYnFM)anpkbrimaNkabUnd_eRcInenARsTab;eRkamdI.
]TahrN_ enAeBlEdleKdutRBeQIenAkgtMbn; EdlsMbYreTAedayrukCatiBukpuy (Peatland)enaH
vaeFVIeGaymankarbeBaj]snkabUnicBIkgdId_eRcIn\tKNna ehIyGtisuxumR)aNEdlmanenAkgdIk_
bMPay]snkabUnicpgEdr. RBduHenAkgtMbn; EdlsMbYreTAedayrukCatiBukpuy manpknUvbrimaN
2

kabUnenARsTab;eRkamdIeRcInCagRsTab;elIdI. kabUnTaMgenH nigelcFayecjeTAkgbriyakas

RbsinebIedImeQITaMgenaHRtUv)aneKkab;bMpaj. enAeBlEdlRBeQI)at;bg; EpndIk)at;bg;nUvFn
Fan d_sMxan;EdlFab;RsUbyk]snkabUnicBIbriyakas. karsikSafI )anrkeXIjafaRBeQI)an
RsUb]snkabUnic 5ekadi etann]snkabUnic 32ekadi etan Edl)anbMPayRbcaMqaMeTAkgRsTab;
briyakas tamryskmPaBmnusS . dUcenHeBlEpndI)at;bg;edImeQI KWkar)at;bg;pnKa eyIg)at;
bg;nUvRbBneGkULsIu EdlRsUbyk]snpHkBak;BIbriyakas nigeyIg)at;bg;nUvedImeQI EdlpknUv
kabUnpgEdr.

s3 etIvanwgGacmanGVIekIteLIg? etIeyIgKYrdak;rbgkarBarCMuvijRBeQI
TaMgGs;enaHb?
c3 eT RBeQI)anciBawmCIvitmnusSrs;enAkgnigCuMvijva nigsgmTaMgmUl. tamRbPBBtmanrbs;
FnaKaBiPBelak)anbgajfaRbCaCnCagmYyekadinak;)anBwgGaRsyeTAelIRBeQI ya:gxaMgsMrab;
karrs;enArbs;BYkeK. RbCaCnrab;rylannak;)anBwgEpkelIkarRbmUlsfecjmkBIRBeQIsMrab;
karEfrkSasuxPaB. kgenaH karbr)aj; karensaTRtI EdlmanenAkgtMbn;RBeQI)anCYyya:geRcIn
eTAelIkMritRbUetGIunsMrab;shKmn_CnbT. RBeQIkan;EtmantYnaTId_sarsMxan; enAkgTsSnvisy
BaNiCkm. enAkgqaM 2003 BaNiCkmGnrCatiEpk eQIGar eQIkin Rkdas nigkar bnH mantMl
rhUtdl; 150ekadilandula KWRbmaNCa2PaKryn BaNiCkmBiPBelak. eyIgGacrMBwgfakar
bMElgdIRBeQIeTACadIksikmnwgenAEtmanbn b:uEnkarbMElgenHKYrEtman lkNsmRsb nig
nirnrPaB. karkab;eQI karKas;rMlIg nig kardutRBtMbn;RtUBicedayGaNaFietyRtUvEtbBab; .

s4 RbsinebIeyIgTb;sat;karkab;RBeQI etImanGk)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_beT?
c4 RBeQICaFmtaRtUv)ankab;rMelIgedaysarEtmnusSGacTajplCaluyBIskmPaBTaMgGs;

enaH. karbMElgBIdIRBeTACadIdMNaM]sSahkmsRmab;lk; dUcCadMNaMdUgeRbgCaedImGacbegItR)ak;

cMeNjeRcIn. GkEdlBwgGaRsyelIRBeQIminKYrTTYlrgeRKaHeT ebIeyIgKiteGay)anyUrGEgVg
eTAmnusSTaMgGs; nwgTTYl)ansarRbeyaCn_BIkarRKb;RKgRBeQIRbkbedaynirnrPaB. RbsinebI
]snpHkBak; Edl)anpkenAkgRBeQIRtUv)anbeBajeTAkgbriyakas vanwgTamTarryeBlrab;
3

CMnan;kgcab;yk]snTaMgenaHRtlb;mkvij)an . dUcenHRbsinebIRBeQIenAEtbn)at;bg;enaH eyIg

nwgCYbeRKaHmhnraymYYyd_GaRkk; .

s5 etIniwgmaneRKaHmhnrayGVIxHEdlnwgekIteLIgenaH?
c5 enAeBleKkab;bMpajRBeQIeRcIneFVIeGayGakasFatukan;EtekAeTA GakasFatuekAeFVI [man
PaBraMgst ePIgeqHRBeRcInehIybeBaj]snkabUnicbEnmeToteTAkgbriyakas nwgkan;EteFVI[
sanPaBkan;EtmaneRKaHmhnrayeTVdg dUcenHRbsinebIeyIgmineFVIkarTb;sat;kar)at;bg;RBeQI
PamenaHeT RBeQInwg)at;bg;lTPaBenAkgkarCYybnrbnykarERbRbYlGakasFatu.

s6 etIKYrEteFIVGVIxH?
c6 mankargarviCmanCaeRcInkMBugEtRtUv)aneFIV edIm,IedaHRsaybBaakarERbRbYlGakasFatutam
rykarGPirkSRBeQI karsikSaRsavRCavepateTAelIdMeNIrkarBIrKW PaBbnSaM nig karbnrbny.

s7 GVIeTAKWCaPaBbnSaM?
c7 enAeBlmankarERbRbYlGakasFatu RBeQI nig mnusSRtUvEtecHsRmbxn nwgsItuNPaB
GakasFatu nig TwkePg . enAeBlGnaKtBiPBelaknwgCYbeRKaHraMgst TwkCMnn; kan;EteRcIn nig
kan;EtFn;Fr. karbnSaMGacCYyeGaymnusSerobcMxnCamunsMrab;sRmbxneTAniwgeRKaHmhnray
TaMgenaH)an nigrkSasanPaBrs;enArbs;BYkeK .

s8 etIGVIEdlCa]TahrN_rbs;KMeragnPaBbnSaM?
c8 enHCacMNucfImYy nkarsikSaRsavRCavGMBIneya)ayRBeQI Edlman]TahrN_dUcxageRkam

KMeragkarBarRBeQIenAkgtMbn;TICMral edIm,ITb;sat;karhUreRcaHekIteLIgedaysarTwkePg
eRcIn
KMeragkarBarRckrebogRBeQI edIm,IeGaystVRB nig rukCatimanlTPaBkgkarpas;TIeTA
kEng EdlmansItuNPaBsmRsb
4

KMeragerobcMtMbn;RTnab;edIm,IbBab;karrIkraldalnePIgRB
KMeragdaMRbePTeQI EdlFn;eTAnwgsItuNPaBx<s; nig )atuPUtFatuGakasGaRkk;.
visyCaeRcInKWmankarTak;TgeTAnwgneya)aynPaBbnSaM . ]TahrN_ RksYgKmnaKmn_man
karcab;GarmN_elIkardaMedImeQIeGay)anlBIeRBaHEpSg EdlecjBIePIgRBGacb:HBal;dl;karbiT
eCIgehaHehIr nig mankar)ak;dIEdlGacbNaleGaymanbiTpvcracr. ]TahrN_ Gkpt;pg;Twk
sat nig RkumhunvarIGKIsnIkMBugcab;epImeFVIkarBicarNaeTAelIkarRKb;RKgRbBneGkULsIuenAEpkxag
elIrYmTaMgkarRKb;RKgRBeQI BIeRBaHBYkeKcg;kat;bnyPaBgayrgeRKaH edaysarEtkarERbRbYl
rbbTwkePg nig FanafaKuNPaB nigbrimaNTwkrbs;BYkeKGacpt;pg;RKb;RKan; .

s9 GVIeTACakarbnrbny?
c9 PaBbnSaM nig karbnrbny KWmankarbMeBj[KaeTAvijeTAmk . PaBbnSaM KWTak;TgeTAnwgkar
edaHRsaynUvplvi)aknkarERbRbYlGakasFatu rIkarbnrbnymanbMNgedaHRsaybBaa Edlbg
eGaymankarERbRbYlGakasFatu. eyIgRtUvkaryuTsaRsTaMgBIrenH BIeRBaHGkviTasaRs)anKit
TukfaeTaHbIeyIgbBab;karbeBaj ]snpHkBak;Pamkeday b:uEnkarekIneLIgnUvkMedAenAEtmanbn
mYyryeBleTot enHedaysarEtkarbnSl;BIkarbeBaj]snpHkBak;BImunmk.

s10 etIeyIgRtUveFVIdUcemcedIm,I kat;bnyel,nnkarERbRbYlGakasFatu?

c10RbsinebIcg;eGaymankarkat;bnykarERbRbYlGakasFatu RbeTsGPivDn_RtUvEtkat;bny

kareRbIR)as;\nn. kgenaHEdrkardaMedImeQIedIm,IRsUbykkabUn)anedIrtYnaTIya:gsMxan; enAkgkar

kat;bnykarERbRbYlGakasFatu b:uEnedIm,Ikat;bnykarbeBajecal 20PaKryn]snkabUnicecj
BIkar)at;bg;RBeQI eyIgRtUvmanyuTsasfIedIm,IGPirkSRBeQI . manviFIsaRsmYy eKehAfa er:d
(REDD) mannyfa karkat;bny]snpHkBak; EdlecjmkBIkar)at;bg;RBeQI nig karfycuHn
RBeQI. KMnitfIenH xusBIIkarkarBarRBeQIBImun edaysarkarBarRBeQIEdlmanpkkabUnman
Pab;CamYykarKaMRTfvikaenAkgskmPaBnkarBar .
5

s11 etI REDD nwgdMeNIrkarya:gdUcemc?

s11 \NTankae)an)anmkBIkarRsUb nig pk]snpHkBak;edayRBeQI RtUv)aneKlk;enATIpSar
kabUnGnrCati. ma:gvijeTot karTUTat;sg\NTankabUnenHGaceFIVeTA)antamrymUlniFiGnrCati
EdlRtUv)anbegIteLIgedIm,Ipl;nUvkarTUTat;sgfvikasMrab;RbeTsGkcUlrYmGPirkSRBeQIrbs;eK.
KMnitenaHKWfaer:d (REDD) GaceFIVeGaykarkarBarRBeQImantMlx<s;Cagmun nigGacRbkYtRbECg
CamYynwgkarkab;bMpajRBeQI. eBlbcb,nenH karrIkcMerInesdkicman\TiBleTAelIkar)at;bg;
RBeQI dUcCakarEkERbdI RBeQIeTACadIksikm nig dIsMrab;ciBawmstV .

s12 etImanbBaaGIVxHenAkgkarGnuvt REDD?

c12 manbBaaRbQmcMbgcMnYn4dUcxageRkam

karvas;Evg
edIm,IKNnatMlkae)anenAkgRBNamYy eyIgRtUvecHvas;kabUneGaymanPaBCak;lak;enATI
kEngenaH. beckviTafI dUcCatamryrUbPaBpayrNb nig kuMBTr kMBugeFIVeGaydMeNIr
karnkarvas;EvgkabUnkan;Etqab;rhs nig RtwmRtUv. RbBnKNnakabUnRbkbedaytmaPaB
kgkarvas;Evg nigepgpat;karbMPay]snpHkBak; GacTTYlyk)annaeBlbcb,n.
karTUTat;sg
etIRbeTsTaMgGs;TTYlkarTUTat;sgtamrebobNa nig tamTRmg;ya:gdUcemcxH? etIGkNa
KYrEtTTYlkarTUTat;sgsRmab;kickarBarRBQIenAkgtMbn;Cak;lak;NamYy? KYrEtpl;CUn
rdaPi)al? shKmn_mUldan? bksRmab;RkumhunEdlkab;RBeQI? RbeTsGkpl;CMnYy
kMBugEtsMueGaykarTUTat;sgKYrEtpl;plRbeyaCn_eTAeGayRbCaCnRkIRk . b:uEnrdaPi)al
kgRbeTskMBugGPivDn_PaKeRcIncg;rkSakarKaMRTeTAelIkarTUTat;sgBIkmviFI REDD .
karTTYlxusRtUv
RbsinebIkarTUTat;nkmviFI REDD RtUveKbegIteLIgb:uEnRBeQIenAEtbnkarkab;bMpajenaH
faetIeyIgKYreFIVdUcemc?
etIKUreFIVdUcemcedIm,IFanafakarTUTat;kabUnnaMmknUvkickarBarRBeQIRbkbedaynirnPaB?
6

karpl;mUlniFi
etIRbeTsGPivDn_KYrEtbegItmUlniFiedIm,Ipl;CargVan;elIkTwkcitdl;RbeTsEdlkat;bny
karbeBaj]snpHkBak;BIkarkab;RBeQIEdrbeT? ehIykarkat;bnykarbeBaj]snpH
kBak;enHKYrEtCab; Tak;TgeTAnwgRbBnBaNiCkmTIpSarkabUnEdrbeT? faetIdMeNIrkarTIpSar
eFIVeLIgtamrebobNa? GkRsavRCav nigGkeFIVeKalneya)ayKitfakmviFI REDD minGac
GnuvtCaskl)aneT . meFa)aymYydRbesIrbMputKWRtUvbegItkmviFI REDD EdlmanKMrU
Gnuvtn_epSg KaeTAtamlkxNRbeTserogxn .

s13 etIeyIgRtUveFIVdUcemccMeBaHsemg nigsiTirbs;CnCatiedImPaKticEdl

BwgEpkeTAelIRBeQI?
c13 shKmn_CnCatiedImPaKtic nig shKmn_mUldan KWCaRkumeKaledAd_sMxan;enAkgkarGnuvt
kmviFI REDD . eyIgRtUvxitxMRbwgERbgedIm,ITTYlsal; nigkarBarsiTielIkarRKb;RKgdIFI nigFnFan
rbs;shKmn_. ebIsinsiTirbs;shKmn_minc,as;las;eT nwgbNal[manhaniPy kgkarEbgEck
plRbeyaCn_BIkMrEdlTTYl)anBIkarlk;\NTankae)anRBeQI. karerobcMKMerag REDD KYrEt
edaHRsayeGay)aneBjeljnUvsiTinkarRKb;RKgRBeQIrbs;shKmn_mUldanmunkarGnuvt KMerag
REDD.

s14 etIehtuGVI)anCaeKykkmviFI REDD mkeFIVCaRbFanbTBiPkSaenAfak;

GnrCati?
c15 GnusBaaRkbxNGgkarshRbCaCatisIBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatu nigsnisiTielIkTI13
bNaPaKICasmaCk (UNFCCCOP-13) kgRkug)alIRbeTs\NensuIqaM2007 kngmk)anbegIt
EpnkarskmPaB)alI (Bali Action on Plan) CadMeNIrkarmYysMrab;crcarBIyuTsaRsGakasFatu
BiPBelak edIm,IbnBiFIsaktU (Kyoto Protocol) . EpnkarenH)anTTYlsal;BIsarsMxan;rbs;
RBeQIkgkaredaHRsaykarpas;brGakasFatu nigCaBiessskanuBlnkmviFI REDD dFMTUlay
mYy. kmviFI REDD GacCYyedaHRsaykarERbRbYlGakasFatupg nig pl;sarRbeyaCn_epSg
7

eTot ]TahrN_ karkarBarCIvcMruH RbPBTwkenAkgdIRB eFVIeGayRbesIreLIgnUvCIvPaBrbs;

shKmn_mUldan nig karbBaak;elIkmsiTdIFI. kicRBmRBagkUBinhaehn (Copenhagen Accords)
)anbBaak;y:agc,as;fakmviFIer:dpas (REDD ) niwgeFVICaEpkmYynyuTsaRsnkarbnbny
karERbRbYlGakasFatu ehIynwgRtUv)aneKykeTAGnuvteGaysitenAeRkamBiFIsamYyfIeTotbnab;
BIBiFIsaktU)anbBab; .
+

s15 etImankarrIkcMerInGVIxHkgkarcrcarCasaklsIBIkmviFI REDD?

c15 enAkgExF qaM2009 )anbgajeGayeXIjnUvkarbBab;nkarBieRKaHeyabl;cMnYnryeBl
BIrqaM. Gkcrcarrbs;GnusBaaRkbxNGgkarshRbCaCatisIBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatu (UNFCCCCOP) enATIRkugkUBinhaehn (Copenhagen) nwgsMercfaetIynkar REDD RtUveKbBalenAkgkic
RBmeRBogsIBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatuCasakleRkayqaM 2012 Edr beT. GkcrcarTaMgGs;enaH
TMngCanwgQaneTAdl;kicRBmeRBogCaTUeTAmYy EdlGacbBalTaMgkmviFI REDD nigeFIVkarkMNt;
nUvTMhM nigEdnkMNt;rbs;va b:uEn)ankMNt;nUvkalviPaKlMGitsIBIkarBiPakSaeTAelIviFIsaRs nig
beckeTsenAkgkiccrcareBleRkayeTot. dMeNIrkarenH KWdUcGIVEdl)anekIteLIgenAeBl Edl
eKeFIVBiPakSaeTAcMnucCaeRcInenAkgBiFIsaktU (Kyoto Protocol) .

s16 etIkmviFI er:dpas (REDD+) mannydUcemc?

c16 enAeBl EdlmankicRBmeBogelIEpnkarskmPaBenATIRkug)alI (Bali Action on Plan) mYy
qaMeRkaymk GkcrcarsIBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatu)anCYbCMuKamgeTot enATIRkug Poznan nRbeTs
b:ULj. BYkeK)anQaneTAdl; esckIRBmeRBogCarYmmYy edaybBaak;faskmPaBrbs;kmviFI
REDD KYrEtBRgIkEfmeTot. viFanenH eKehAfa REDD+ (REDD-Plus) . REDD+ rYmbBalEpk
yuTsaRsdUcxageRkam
kat;bnykarbeBaj]snBIkarkab;bMpajRBeQI
kat;bny]snecjmkBIkarbMElgdIRBeTACadIksikm
tYnaTInkarGPirkS

karRKb;RKgRBeQIeGaymannirnrPaB
begInbrimaNkabUnpkenAkgRBeQI
niymnyenH GaceGayRbeTsPaKeRcInenAelIsaklelakGaccUlrYmGnuvtkmviFI REDD+ enH)an
ebIeTaHbICaRbeTsTaMgenaH mansanPaBxusBIKak_eday.

s17 etIGkNaxHnwgTTYl)anGtRbeyaCn_BI REDD +?

c18 enAeBlEdlkmviFI REDD RtUv)anbegIteLIgdMbUgenAkgsnisITelIkTI13 nbNaPaKICa
smaCk (COP 13) qaM 2007 kmviFIenH)anTak;TajcMNab;GarmN_CaeRcInBIRbeTsEdlmanGRta
nkar)at;bg;RBeQIx<s;. RbeTsTaMgGs;enaH manskanuBlya:gsMebImkgkarkat;bnynUvkar
beBaj]snbNalmkBIkar)at;bg;RBeQI nwgGacTajykplRbeyaCn_)anya:geRcIn. sitenA
eRkamkmviFI REDD+ EdlmanlkNTUlMTUlayCagmun RbeTs Edl)ankarBarRBeQI Rbkb
edayRbsiTiPaBrYcehIyenaH kTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_pgEdr. karGnuvtRbkbedaynirnPaB man
eKalbMNgCYydl;RbCaCnRkIRkdUcCa karGnuBaatieGayshKmn_eRbIR)as;plitplRBeQIkRtUv
)an eKTTYlsal; nigelIkTwkcitpgEdr. karqarRBeQIkGacmankarTTYlsal;pgEdr. RbsinebI
kmviFI REDD+ RtUv)aneKykmkBiPakSa manRbeTsCaeRcInTMngCanwg KaMRTbpl;scabn eTAelI
kicRBmeRBognaeBlGnaKtenH. b:uEn REDD+ tRmUveGaymanRkbxN kargarmYy dsKsajeFIV
eGayRsbeTAnwglkxNepSg EdlGacQaneTArkkarcMNayRbtibtikarx<s; .

s18 etIGkNakMBugedaHRsaybBaaRbQm EdlmanlkNbeckeTsrbs;

kmviFI REDD ehIyeFIVeLIgtamrebobNa?
c18 mankmviFIsaklcMnYn2 Edl)andMeNIrkar edIm,ICYydl;RbeTskMBugGPivDn_eFIVkarGnuvt
nUvynkar REDD sRmab;naeBlGnaKt
1- mUlniFikmviFI REDD rbs;GgkarshRbCaCati (UN-REDD) mUlniFikmviFI REDD rbs;
GgkarshRbCaCatipl;karKaMRTdl;RbeTskMBugGPivDn_sIBIbBaakab;RBeQI nigkareFIV[
RBercrwl. kmviFIenH CYyKaMRTeTAelIkarksagsmtPaB begItyuTsaRsfak;Cati nigviFan
9

hirBab,Tansakl,g RBmTaMgkarerobcMsabnedIm,IRtYtBinit nigepgpat;eTAelIkarkat;

bny]sn EdlecjBIkar)at;bg;RBeQI. \LvkmviFI UN-REDD )ankMBugGnuvtenAkg
RbeTskm<Ca nigRbeTsepSgeTot . kmviFI UN-REDD )anpl;CMnYyenAkgkarGnuvt
KMeragsakl,g KMrUenAkgRbeTsxH ehIy KWedIm,IRtYtBinitemIlfaetIkmviFI REDD man
dMeNIrkarCak; EsgtamrebobNa ?
2- kmviFITI2eQaH KMeragdKUrkae)anRBeQI (Forest Carbon Partnership Facility-FCPF)
rbs;FnaKarBiPBelak )anpcepImCaskl EdlmanCag 30 RbeTs cUlrYmCasmaCik
edayrYmTaMgRbeTskm<CapgEdr . eKsakl,gKMerag REDD enAkgRbeTsepSKa edIm,I
manbTBiesaFn_ enAkgkarGnuvt. KMeragsakl,genH Gacpl;nUvBtmaneTAGkcrcaeTAelI
ynkar REDD enAkMritGnrCati .
kmviFITaMgBIrenHmanebskmkgsRmbsRmYl enAeBlEdlRbtibtkarN_enAkgRbeTsdUcKa nig
erobcMkarRbCMu edIm,IeGayGkcUlrYmeFIVkarEckrMElknUvKMniteyabl; . kmviFITaMgBIr manskmPaB
sakl,gGMBIynkar er:d (REDD) CaeRcIn EdlkMBugRtUv)anGnuvtn_enAkgRbeTsepSgKa edIm,IeFIV
karyl; dwgeGaykan;EtRbesIreLIg GMBIrebobGnuvtKMerag er:d (REDD) nig sakl,nUvPaB Edl
Gnuvtn_eTA)annviFIsaRsaepSgKa . lTpl EdlTTYl)anBIkmviFITaMgenH nwgCYyGkcrcarenA
kgGnusBaaRkbxNGgkarshRbCaCatisIBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatu (UNFCCC) eFIVkarsMerccitfa
etIkarbeBaj]snkabUnic EdlBak;BnnwgRBeQIGacRtUv)aneFIVkarvas;Evg)an Edr rW eT nig faetI
ynkar er:d (REDD) GaceFIVeTA)anEdr rW eT .

s19 etIkarGnuvt REDD Plus niwgRtUvcMNayfvikacMnYnb:unan?

c19 tamr)aykarN_rbs;elakesIn (Stern Review) GMBIesdkic nkarERbRbYlGakasFatu)an
bgajfaedIm,Ikat;bny]snpHkBak; EdlecjBIRBeQIcMnYnBak;kNal munqaM 2030 RtUvcMNay
Gs;TwkR)ak; 17 eTA 33 ekadilandula Caerogral;qaM .

10

s20 etIR)ak;enH)anmkBINa?
C20 R)ak;enHGac)anmkBIeRKagkarhirBavtGnrCati rW KMerag REDD fak;Cati . mas;fvikamYy
cMnYn )anRbKl;luyxHsMrab;KMeragsakl,gelITIpSakabUnsRKcitrYcral;ehIy . b:uEnR)ak;PaKeRcIn
Edl)anEbgEcktamryKMeragfvikarfI rW TIpSar EdlCalTplBIkarcrcarbs; UNFCCC nwgminman
eTenAkgryeBl 3 eTA 4 qaM xagmux .

11

sTanuRkm
PaBbnSaM (Adaptation) karEkxeGaysmRsbedayTegVIrbs;mnusSenAkgFmCati rWRbBnmnusS
elak edIm,IxitxMkat;bnyesckIGnraybNalmkBIkarERbRbYlbriyakas bTajyk plcMeNjBI
karekIneLIgkMedAnBiPBelak .
kardaMduHRBeQI (Afforestation) karbNH nigkarbegIteGaymanRBeQIfIenAelIdITMenr Edlmin
manRBeQIBImunmk .
karbMPay]snedayskmPaBmnusS (Anthropogenic Emissions) ]snpHkBak;bMPayeLIgBak;
BnCamYYynwgskmPaBrbs;mnusSdUcCatamrykarbMpajRB rWkareFIV[RBricriledaysarkarkab;
eQI .
CIv\nn (Biofuels) \nn)anmkBIRbPBCIvsaRsEdlGacekIteLIgvijmanTMrg;Cavtrwg brav. dUg
eRbg GMeBA nig sENkesogCa ]TahrN_ nCIv\nnEdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYykarkab;RBQI.
karkMNt; nig BaNiCkmelIkarbMPay]snpHkBak; (Cap and Trade): CaerOyEpkTaMgBIrmanTMnak;

TMngCaRbBn kgenaH cap KWrdaPi)al )andak;ecj CakMhiteTAelIkarbMPaynkabUn nig

trade KWrdaPi)al)an begItTIpSar edIm,Ilk; nig Tij\NTan]snpHkBak; . Rkumhun Edl
bMPay]snpHkBak;ticCagcMnYn rWbrimaN Edl)anGnuBaatiGaclk;\NTanEdl)anGnuBaatienaHeTA
eGayRkumhund_TeTot.
]snkabUnic (Carbon Dioxide) Ca]snekIteLIgedayFmCatienAkgbriyakas. ]snenHRtUv)an
begIteLIgedaysarcMehH ]> karrlYy nigkardutnUv\nnpUsIulnigCIvma:s. ]snkabUnickGac
bMPayecjpgEdr enAeBlmankarpas;breTAelIkareRbIR)as;dIFI nig kgkMLgeBldMeNIrkar
]sSahkm .

12

TIpSarkabUn (Carbon Markets) : sabnhirBaJvt nig ynkar EdlGaceFVIkarpas;br\NTankabUn

Edl)anmkBIskmPaBnkarGnuvtKMerag REDD EdlRtUv)anbBaak; rWepogpat;. TIpSarkarbUnenH
GacmanTMrg;Ca TIpSarkabUnsRKcit (Voluntary Carbon Market) EdlRtUv)anbegIteLIgeRkamTMrg;
ynkareTVPaKI EdlCaGkeFVIBaNiCkm b TIpSareyaKyl;Ka (Compliance Market) vaKWCabT
bBaaRsbc,ab; edIm,IbMeBjeKaledAkgkarkat;bnykarbMPay]snpHkBak; EdlsitenAeRkamkic
RBmeRBogBhuPaKI .
BaNiCkmkabUn (Carbon Trading) :karlk;dUrn\NTankabUn EdlTTYl)ankarbBaak;blixit
bBaak;)anmkBIKMerag REDD enAkgTMrg;CarUbiyvt .
GagskkabUn (Carbon Pool) CaRbBnEdlmanlTPaBkgkarRbmUl nigbeBajkabUn. ]TahrN_
GagskkabUnKWmandUcCaCIvm:as;RBeQI plitpleQI dI nig briyakas.
karRsUbykkabUn (Carbon Sequestration) karRsUb nigpkkabUn . edImeQIRsUb]snkabUnicehIy
beBajvijnUv]snGuksIuEsntamryrsIsMeyaK . edImeQIkmanpkkabUnenAkgCIvm:as;pgEdr.
karrkSaTukkabUn (Carbon Sink): KWCadMeNIrkar bynkarnkarRsUbyk]snkabUnicehIy rkSaTuk
kabUn kgTMrg;CasrIrag dUcCa mhasmuRT dI nig RBeQI .
BnelIkabUn (Carbon Tax): kardkhUtBnBIGkTaMgLayNa EdleFIVkarbeBaj]snkabUniceTAkg
briyakas .
karGPivDn_ynkarsat (Clean Development Mechanism ) : KWCakmviFImYy EdlbNalRbeTs
]sSahkmeFIVkarsMercnUvTisedA nkarbeBajecalrbs;BiFIsarktU (Kyoto Protocol) enAkgmeFa
)ayBIreRkABIkarkat;bnykarbeBaj]snpHkBak;rbs;xn manCaGaT BYkeKGaceFIVkarvinieyaKkg
karkat;bny]snpHkBak; bkbegInkarrkSaTukn]snpHkBak;kgRbeTskMBugGPivDn_ .

13

karERbRbYlGakasFatu (Climate Change): karpas;brnUvkta]tuniymCak;lak; EdlkMNt;Gakas

Fatu nig karERbRbYlrbs;va ]> sItuNPaB TwkePog el,nxl;bk; .
plcMeNjsgxag rW shRbeyaCn_ (Co-benefits) : KWCaplcMeNjBIkarGnuvtKeRmager:d (REDD)
bEnmelIkarkat;bnykarbeBajecal]snpHkBak; dUcCakarkat;bnyPaBRkIRk karkarBarCIvcRmuH
nigkareFVI[RbesIeLIgnUvGPi)alkicRBeQI .
snisiTnbNaPaKICasmaCk (Conference of the Parties): sabnmYy EdlmantYnaTIkgkarsMerccit
ehIyk_CasmaCik Edl)anpl;scabn eTAdl;GnusBaaRkbxNshRbCaCatisIBI karERbRbYl
GakasFatu .
kar)at;bg;RBeQI (Deforestation): karERbRbYlBIdImanRBeQIeTAdIGt;RBeQI.
esvakmnRbBneGkULsIu (Ecosystem Services) : plRbeyaCn_ EdlRbBneGkULsIupl; dl;CIvit
mnusS . ]> RBeQIpl;cMNIGahar Twk eQI nig ssGMe)aH. esvakm nRbBneGkULsIueFIVniyt
kmGakasFatu TwkCMnn; CmW nigKuNPaBTwk ehIyvakpl;nUvesvakmkMsan dUcCakEngsMrak
esaPNPaB nig CMenO.
RbBneGkULsIu (Ecosystem) : karRbmUlpM rW shKmn_nsrIrag nigbrisanrbs;BYkva.
kareLIgkMedABiPBelak (Global Warming): karekIneLIgCamFm nsItuNPaBEpndIBImYyqaMeTA
mYyqaM EdlnaM[mankarERbRbYlGakasFatu.
\TiBlpHkBak; (Greenhouse Effect) : enAeBl Edl]sndUcCa ]snkabUnicCaedIm Tb;sat;famBl
EdlbegItedayRBHGaTit ehIycaMgpatBIEpndIkgTMrg;CakMedA edIm,IeKcecjBIbriyakasEpndI.
RkumGnrrdaPi)alsIBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatu (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) :
karcUlrYmKankmviFIbrisanrbs;GgkarshRbCaCati nigGgkar]tuniymBiPBelak UNEP-WMO
14

EdlCaGkTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarpl;mUldanRKwHEpkviTasaRs nigbeckeTs sMrab;GnusBaaRkb

xNshRbCaCatisIBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatu.
BiFIsarktU (Kyoto Protocol): KWCakicRBmeRBogGnrCatimYy EdlRKbdNb;enAkgcenaHqaM 20082012 edIm,Ikat;bnykarERbRbYlGakasFatu. sitenAeRkamBiFIsarenH RbeTs]sSahkm)anyl;
RBmkat;bnykarbeBaj]snpHkBak;eGay)an 5>2 PaKry BIkMritqaM1990 edIm,Ibgg;el,nnkar
ekIneLIgkMedABiPBelak.
karelcFay (Leakage): ekIteLIgenAeBlkarkat;bnykarbeBajecalkgtMbn;mYynaM[ekIneLIg
karbeBajecalkgtMbn;mYyeTot dUcCaKMerag REDD EdlkarBarRBkgtMbn;mYyb:uEnmankarkab;
qarRBeQIekIneLIgenAtMbn;epSgeTot. vakRtUv)aneKsal;fa Cakarpas;kEngnkarbeBaj]snpH
kBak; .
PaBTTYlxusRtUv (Liability) : katBVkicnkarGnuvtKMerag REDD bkRbeTs EdlGnuvtKMerag REDD
RtUvFanafakarkat;bnykarbeBaj]snpH EdlRtUv)aneKRbmUlTuk rW pl;tMleGay KWzitenACa
GciRny_.
Karbnbny (Mitigation) : skmPaBedIm,Ikat;bnykarbeBajecal]snpHkBak; nigbegInkarrkSa rW
RsUbykkabUnmaneKalbMNgkat;bnyTMhMnkarekInkMedABiPBelak.
karTUTat;cMeBaHesvakmbrisan (Payments for Environmental Services): KMerag EdlGkTTYlplBI
esvakmnRbBneGkULsIueFIVkarTUtTat; rW cMNayeTAeGayGkRKb;RKg edIm,IFananUvkarbnnesva
kmTaMgenaH.
rukCatiBuk (Peat): KWCakarRbmUlpMnrukCatiBukrlYy. rukCatiBukekItmaneLIgenAkgtMbn;dIesIm
EdlrYmman dIPk;l,b; bdITMnab nig RBvalPk;.
GciRnPaB (Permanence) : sMedAeTAelIefrevla nig PaBGacRtLb;eRkay)annkarkat;bnykar
beBajecal]snpHkBak;.
15

RBeQIdaM (Planted Forest): dIRBeQI EdlbegIteLIgtamrykardaMedaykUneQI b kardaMduHeday

RKab;BUC.
RBRBhcarI rW RBbzm (Primary Forest): dI EdlmanRBRbePTrukCatikgRsukya:geRcIn nigminRtUv
)anb:HBal;edayskmPaBmnusS nigkEng EdldMeNIrminRtUv)aneKrMxan .
karkat;bnykarbeBajecalBIkarkab;RBeQInigkareFIV[RBercrwl (REDD) : KWCaynkar Edlman
eKalbMNgkat;bnykarbeBajecal]snpHkBak;edaykarTUTat;sgRbeTsTaMgLayNa cMeBaHkar
ecosvagBIkarkab;qarRBeQI nigkareFIV[RBercril.
kat;bnyplb:HBalnkarkab;eQI; (Reduced Impact Logging):karkab;rMlMeQI EdlmankarRtYt
Binit nigEpnkarya:gykcitTukdak; edIm,I[manplb:HBal;ticbMputelIbrisanCuMvij. karkab;eQI
edaykat;bnyplb:HBal;GacbnypgEdr nUvkarbeBaj]snkabUnecjmkBIskmPaBkab;eQI.
kardaMRBeLIgvij (Reforestation) : karbegItcMkarRBeQIdaMeLIgkgtMbn;dI EdlmanRBeQIBImun.
karBiniteLIgvijrbs;elakesIn (Stern Review) : KWCar)aykarN_enAkgqaM2006 eday Nicholas
sMrab;rdaPi)alcRkPBGg;eKs EdlBiniteTAelI\TiBlnkarERbRbYlGakasFatucMeBaH
Stern
esdkicBiPBelak. karBiniteLIgvijrbs;elakesIn (Stern Review) minEmnCar)aykarN_elIkTI
mYyenaHeT bu:EnvaRbEhlCar)aykarN_mYydman\TiBlbMput .
GnusBaaRkbxNshRbCaCatisIBI karERbRbYlbriyakas (UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change): siTisBaa1992 )anGMBavnavdl;kareFIV[manlMnwgnkMhab;]snpHkBak;enAkgbriya
kas enAkgkMritmYyEdlmuxCamineRKaHfak;b:HBal;dl;GakasFatuEpndI.

16

ehtukarN_ nigtYrelx
KMrbRB

pdIRBeQIsrubenAkgTUTaMgBiPBelakmanRbEhl 400 ekadilanhikta tMNageGayCit

30PaKry npdId_FMlVwgelVIyenAkgEpndI. RbEhl 56PaKryn pdIRBeQITaMgenH
manTItaMgsitenAkgtMbn;RtUBic nig GnutMbn;RtUBic .
KMrbRBmanlkNray):ayminesIKa. manEtRbeTscMnYn 7 b:ueNaH EdlmanKMrbRBeQI
RbEhl 60 PaKry nKMrbRBeQITUTaMgBiBPelak. RbeTscMnYn 25 manKMrbRBeQI
RbEhl 82 PaKry nig sl; 170 RbeTseTot EdlmanKMrbRBeQI 18 PaKry.
RBeQIdaMmanTMhMRbEhl 3/8 PaKrynpdIRBeQIsrub b 140 lanhikta .

kar)at;bg;RB
GRtankar)at;bg;RBeQIBiPBelaksrubRtUv)aneKeFVIkar):an;RbmaNRbEhl 7/3 lanhik
taenAkgmYyqaM)anKitenAkgGMLgqaM 2000-2005 .
enHKWbgajBIkarfycuHBIGMLgeBl 1990-2000 EdlGRtankarfycuHRBeQIKW 8/9
lanhiktaenAkgmYyqaM .
brimaNnkar)at;;bg;RBeQId_x<s;bMputenH )anekIteLIgenAGaemrikxagt,g edaymankar
)at;bg;RBeQI 4/3 lanhiktaenAkgmYyqaM bnab;mkeTotKW GaRhVik edaymankar)at;bg;
RBeQI 4lanhiktaenAkgmYyqaM.
RBeQI nigCIvPaBrs;enA
RbCaCneRcInCag mYyryekadilannak; eFIVkarrs;enABwgGaRsyeTAelIRBeQIsMrab;karciBawm
CIvitrbs;BYkeK .
RbCaCneRcInCag BIrryekadilannak; EdlesIrnwgmYyPaKbI nRbCaCnBiPBelakeRbIR)as;
famBl CIvm:aseRcInbMput enaHKWeQIfamBl edIm,IcMGinGahar nigbegItkMedAenAkgpHrbs;
BYkeK.
RbCaCnrab;rylannak;)anBwgGaRsyeTAelIsfburaN Edl)anBIkarRbmUlecjBIkgRB.

17

enAkgRbeTskMBugGPivDn_xHenAkgcMeNam 60 RbeTs karbr)aj; nig karensaTRtIenAkg

tMbn;RBeQI)anpt;pg;eRcInCagmYyPaKR)aMntMrUvkarsarFatuRbUetGuIn .

RBeQI nig esdkic

enAkgqaM 2003 BaNiCkmGnrCatienAkg]sSahkm eQIGar sac;eQI Rkdas nig kar )an
mancMnYnRbmaN 150 000 ekadilandula b eRcInCag 2PaKrynBaNiCkmBiPBelak.
karRbeTsGPivDn_mancMnYnBIrPaKbI nplitkm nigkareRbIFnFanRBeQIenH.
enAkgRbeTskMBugGPivDn_xH shRKasRBeQI)anpl;y:agehacNas; mYyPaKbInkMlaMg
Blkm TaMgGs;eRkABIkargarksikm nigbegItR)ak;cMNUltamrykarlk;plitpleQI .
tMlBaNiCkmenAkgplitplCaGnuplRBeQIRtUv)aneKeFVIkar):an;RbmaNRbEhlCa
11lan dula . plitplTaMgenHrYmTaMgrukCatiCasf pSit RKab;EpeQIRB CrRB .

RBeQI nigkarERbRbYlGakasFatu
eK)aneFVIkar):an;RbmaNfa 1/7 ekadietann]snkabUnic)anbeBajCaRbcaMqaMeTAkgbriya
kasedaysarEtmankarERbRbYlnkareRbIR)as;dI. PaKeRcInKWbNalmkBIkarkab;bMpaj
RBeQIenAkgtMbn;RtUBik.
karkab;bMpajRBeQI)anbMPay]snpHkBak;RbEhlCa 20PaKrynkarkarbMPay]snpH
kBak;TUTaMgBiPBelak KWeRcInCagkarbMPay]snpHkBak; EdlecjvisydwkCBanelIBiPB
elak EdleRbIR)as;eRbg\nn.

18