Professional Documents
Culture Documents
− + =
( − )( − )=
=
= +
! " # "# "$# $
−
% "$# $
&
' (
µ( ) + µ (− )
)
* ) )
*
µ( ) − µ (− ) ( )
"" ) =
+
! , $ "" $
-.! $$
+ !/
-.! # µ( ) >
-.! # µ (− − ) >
< <
0 !
( )= + +
( "#
# = + +
+ + =
−
± −
$ ≥
+ ! ≥
1 ( " #2
3 ) 3
3 ) 3
4 ) −
4 )5 4
= =
=− =
=
− −
= =− =
6 (
!
!
( - $ " 7 # "
2
48 ) 9 : ;!
48 ) 9 : ;!
48 ) ' 9 : ' ;!
!
' &
0 (
1 (
6 < + ε & #
#$
( $ 2
) # =
∴ + (
&
( )= µ( )/ ( )= µ ( )
( )= '
µ( )/ ( )= '
µ( )
( )= ω
− ω
( )=
− −
' '
( )= '
&
π
8 ) 1$ π 5 >' π
)1 π >' π
1 '
9+ ) + ='
' !
(
& ? + @ -! + @ -
( )= + !
( ω) = + ω
= ∠− −
ω
+ω
= φ
+ ω) A) "φ )
ω) ε
ω $ A"$ ε $
B ω) = φ = −'
ω →∞ → φ = −6
+ &
0
1 !
6 ( 2+
ω =
π
= '
λ
× '
=
π
π
λ=
'
ν = λ=− × 0
C $
!
−
−
= / = =
= =
+ = + =
'
∞ − ∞
−
1 =
= = =
1
∞
−
−
= =
, D 22 # $
= ×
π 1
=
( ) π
=
∴ π ( π )
=
−
! , 22 $# $ 82 D
) ( )=− − −
+ >
+ E
+ !
!
0 ( ε $ $
1
( F!?
?. ) 54 > ∠ ×
4
4 ) ∠ 5
∠ ∠
+ −
)
= ∠6
6 (
' ( F3? 4 Ω
)5 4 > E4
54
>
Ω
4 ) −
3
5
3 7) E4
3 7) 0
' !
4 ) =
4 4
4 ) ='0 C
- -
>
=− + 3
> 75
5
= −
- -
= '0 −
3 7 )5 1
' &
' ( ,2 $ ) -! ) * $
5 >
,) $GG * $
>
8 ! # $ " 3 @
3 )5 5
'' ( ! "$ $ $
µ
< ) 1
<( ) 1
=
µ
H) * $ $
σ µ
= =
σ µ ( )
σ
=
σ
' (
−
ε ε 0×1 1 ×
= = −
×
=
' ! 4
= / = ! = µ
π
ω = = C $
"× µ
'0
'1
'6 & $$ #(I
,
( !
π
β4(
&#
# 2 " "
82 2 " # "#
# $ 2 "
( !
>
> 4( β4(
π
-$ 3
5
5
−β #
= = =−
π
−#
=
! 22 2 " $
( !
!)
−β
=
($ ) - % + π > π β4(
-$ 3
− 3$
=
-% 5
# β GG π == - -
"$ $+ - ↑
=# %
4&
! 3& ) E ) '3 3)
3D ) E )
3D E 3 ) E )
3& G 3D E # 3 3D8
'G
" $
(
3
β) α = = 61 6 @
' @
3( ) 03
3
3 ' F 4( > 0>4 @
>
) ' F 4( > 0> 4( @
5
4
4( ) ' *
4! ) β4( ) * @
3 ) E @× *) 3
− 1
= −
!
(2 ) = 0
! 3 $ 8
3( ) 0 3
0
∴ = = 0
!
4- ) 0 2
'
= ′ + ′
= ′ + ′ = ( + )( ′+ ′)
= + ′+ ′
& ( )= & ( )
" ( − ) = " ( − )
( − − ) = 6( − )
(' − ) = ( − ) (' − ) = −
1+ = =6
=
L
K M
4#I)
K > ) L
K M
)
K > ) L K ) M
0 , 5# + #, )
K
K
K
+
1 & "" #$ ε $
E 0 61 0E
∞5 E
E 6 1
E 6 1
E
1 6 $ $ N L "" E M
1 6 $ $ N L E M
"" E
8 $ E " "" $ 7 E
E 6 E O
+ &
"" $ 1 E 6 $ N ε $ N $ "
6
( − ) ↔ − ω × (ω )
− ω( − ) ( )
(ω ) = × (ω ) + − ω × (ω ) +
− ω +
= − ω × (ω ) + ( $ (ω ) )
(ω ) = − ω +$ ω = $(ω )
' (ω )
!
( ) E
( )= ω − ω
× ( ) ω
$(
( )= ω
)= ' ω − ω
= $ ( ) $( )
ω ω
( ) ω
$( ) = −ωω
$( ) = −ω + π !
ω
D /@ 7
( 4 #2 #
− π
( + )
'π
−
) 7)
42
( , $ " 2 7 #
1F = F=
1
F= F= 51 5
-
5 5
π
FG FG
F= =F=
1
' !
3 )± 3/ 3 )± 3
B 3 ) 3
3 5
3 !
> += ×
+ !
! +=1
3 >
@
B 3 )5 3
3 5
5 3
>
!
@ −= × (− )
'!
−=−
3 5
@
%
3.
13
3
5 3
0
1 ! , - @ $ # $ $$
( ) $( ) = /
, 7 @+
− ( + ) − ( − )( + ) = &= 5
( + )
+ !
6 !
0 ! A
ω$ > β
$ L ω2 M
∆ 6
β = = = 1= $ ω + 1 ω
( )= ( )= $ ω + 1 ω
= + $ ( ω + ω )
= + $ ( ω + ω )
∆
β = = ∆ = × = 1
( $ 7 "+" ) ∆ >#
2 ) 1 >
(ω) 0
0 ! ( ) = µ( )− µ( − )+µ( − ) # ( )
% ω
8× ω
5( (
% ω
98& # 8 × ω ) < BC
% % ω ) 5Qω "
8 ω $ (ω ) & × (ω ) = '( BC
%J
< + ) (ω ) )= × '( = 1(
−
0
!
0' ! 2 93 )
'
' ' "
*( ) = = " =
'
' ' "
2 #3 ) *( ) =
'
2 )1
0 &
0 &
+ = + &
+
+& = = =0 6− '
+ +
+& = 0 6− '
00 (
01 , $$ #I ,
D &
>
23 "
5
8
D
>
>
A
23 F F
<
5
5
R
R
R ) A/ R ) @ 1@) !Ω
06 = && − = − =
* 1
4& ) 2
3& ) E @× )10 3
3& ) 1 0 3
1 (
− − × −
# = &&
− = −
* , −1 −1
# = 10 2 2
= # =− " # =− '
#
=− '
1 !
( !
1 D $ # $
#
− −
= =
( + ) ( + )
−
=$ ( ω) − ω/ −
=
= / =
ω ( + ω) −ω + ω
ω =
$ # $
ω 1
) 56 5 5
− ω
π
ω 1
)5 1 56 E 5
− ω )5 1
π
ω)
(
D 2
−
)D ) =
( + ) ω=
DA ) = −0 6'
ω 1
9 2 ) 1 > L56 E 5
− ω
π
ω)
9 2 ) 51 6;
1 ( # ) # ) #
× = × +
( − ) =
' 1 '
( K J + 7 + E > ) ,( )
−
= =
'
− −
'
K J + )
1
1' (
32 ) '3
32 ) 3 32 ) + L
3 ) 3 $" 3 )3 # $ "M
32 ) −
3 ) 3 )
" = = =
+ − + −
" = = = + = Ω
+ + + +
( ! " = →" = = ( +- )
1 ) )
' ) )
+
( !
↑
=
∞
#2 # ( ) − ω
= −∞
( ) ω
+ + − ω
+ ω
+ − ω
( ) ω
$ ω+ $ ω+