Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Opening
Cleaning
Dust removal
Blending\mixing
Opening
Opening is the first operation it means, tearing apart the compressed and
matted cotton until it is very much loosened and separated into small tufts
with a gentle treatment, and a fiber loss as small as possible.
Degree of opening:
It depends on,
Raw material (thickness of feed, fiber
alignment and size of flock in the feed).
Machines (arrangement of the pins,
teeth, needle, type of clothing, spacing between
the material and opening device.
Speed (of material, devices used).
Condition (humidity, temperature).
BZU TEXTILE ENGINEERS
Cleaning
Cleaning Efficiency:
Cotton contains up to 18% trash in most cases. To clean the material it is unavoidable to
remove as much fiber as much waste.
Therefore it is necessary to measure the amount of the waste removed and its composition. As
it is of high importance also called cleaning efficiency.
The cleaning degree of blowroom can be found by following criteria.
There are also two major problems that are given below which also affects the quality of the
yarn.
Raw materials used in spinning mill are always inhomogeneous in their characteristics due to area to area and pick
to pick.
For the purpose of getting good regular yarn it is very important to blend or mix different types of cotton.
There are also following reasons that why we blend the cotton:
To give required characteristics to end product.
To hold down raw material cost.
Compensate for variations in the characteristics. To improve running characteristics of short staple material by
mixture of carrier fibers.
Types of Blending
Bale mixing
Flock blending
Lap blending
Sliver blending
This is also very important object of blow room to give the material to card .These days two systems are used given
below;
1. Lap system
2. Chute feed system
“Scutcher” machine forms a roll, which is named as lap also, called as compact sheet of fibers.
Second system is also very important because by air suction we transfer the material to the carding machines.
Automatic Mixing
• In this process cotton from the bales picked up by the machines and that is mixed automatically.
• For this purpose different type of machine are used which includes “A11 Blendomate”.
Bale Breaker
This is first machine used for the opening .The
machine is not designed to clean the cotton
Properly but the some instances dust removes.
Bale breaker is a machine designed to take layers of
cotton directly taken from the bale and tear them apart leaving
the cotton partially opened state.
In this machine the principle of opposing spikes as
mentioned above applied as shown in the figure of the
machine.
Improvements.
The basic principle of this machine is further
modified in the following figure;
In this form at the end a beater is also
attached just for cleaning purpose.
Also a comber roll near the inclined
lattice is used; it is for cleaning of the lattice.
Feed table is also different than the previous
one.
Advantages:
This machine occupies less space than other machine.
There are no feed rolls due to stock are not held at
anytime during passage.
Machine has a capacity of 1800 pounds/hour.
Here a Kirschner Beater with the help of feed rollers cleans the material as shown below.
This beater has three sides of beating with pins about 3000 on one side, which pass through
material and trash and dust fall.
Grid bars at a distance of about 3mm are under the beater, which collects the impurities.
When material after beating comes out it has to be in uniform sheet.
For this it is passes through process named as PIANO FEED MOTION.
Its function is that where is less quantity of the material in this sheet it is completed by this motion
with help of Cone Drum, in the same way if more quantity of a material is passing it is uniformed
by this motion.
•
Bale opening is to finest flocks
•
Pre-cleaning is for no nipping; gentle treatment.
•
Blending is for homogeneous material
•
Fine-cleaning is for nipped; intensive treatment.
•
If cotton is cleaned and contains only few impurities then only one zone of cleaning is
necessary, otherwise two.
The A 11 lay downs of up to 130 bales of raw material in four bale groups on each side of the machine.
It has a long arm that moves over the bales and picks cotton to the desire quantity that is fed to the control
board on that machine thus ensuring uniform take-off.
Machine can process one or two blend simultaneously with an efficiency of about 1400kg/h.
The feed duct and the two guide rails are secured to the floor on which machine moves back and forth.
When one side of bales completed then machine is rotate able at an angle of 180 degree to get the material
from the other side.
In every turn it comes down in controlled depth that is either one or two inch or according to the requirement.
The production rate and the total weight of feed material can be added manually on the numerical keyboard
The raw material is beaten above the grid bars several times in order to remove the impurities.
Simultaneously material passes from dust extraction chamber, which results in high dedusting.
A vacuum system with a lock roller below the machine automatically removes the waste.
The setting for cleaning degree and cleaning efficiency are controlled outside by keyboard in the machine.
his machine used for only blending the cotton by mean of different boxes. It consists of three parts;
•
. A storage section
•
. Intermediate chamber
•
. Delivery section
Flocks of cotton are feed to six or eight J shaped chutes arranged one behind other in storage section.
First of all cotton form the pipes comes into the storage boxes which are filled first.
At the top of each box there is a feed roll, which control the level of cotton..
A sensor tells that the boxes are filled and then the cotton from each box falls on the lattice, which is revolving under these boxes.
From that it is given to spiked lattice to take it up so that it is blended well.
Evener rolls near the spiked lattice make sure that an even amount is passed and excessive amount is thrown back to the lattice.
From there it is taken to next cleaning step by mean of suction.
Production of the blow room is also controlled here.
A suction fan in the feeding duct helps to get the raw material with specially designed flip-flop-feeding device.
Forms a homogeneous length and width, lap type feeding and the air is extracted from this lamina chute. This chute first filled
according to required production.
Two drums above the beater and at the end of chute extract the material one of them is perforated which is for extra dedusting.
The feeding roll and the servomotor control the adjustable feeding plate to pass the fibers on to the opening and cleaning unit.
By using the operating panel the nipping point can be changed according to the staple length of the fibers.
The opening and cleaning cylinder guides the fibers over grid bars and adjustable mot knives which separates rest of trash
intensively but gently from the material .The angle of mot knives is also changeable
By adopting the speed of opening and cleaning roller through the operating panel and adjustment of grid the operation can be
conducted as per requirement.
The clothing of drum is adaptable to the required performance and according to cleaning parameter.
Machines in the blow room are arranged in a sequence and the material should be given to each
machine properly.
First this was done manually but now a days automatic transport of the material is accomplished.
For these purpose “condensers” are used which suck the material with air pressure and then
separates air from the material
•
igure below shows a condenser;
B11
B11uniclean
ean
Multimixer Multimixer
B70 B70
B60 B60
Uniflex uniflex
Loptex
Carding