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10/3/2011

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cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

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(1)
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'gayr,fh olwkd Yu a&S Uwef;a&mufaewJhtcg ,kwdaA'enf;twkd if;


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ta[mif;qdkvnf; 'gyJ? topfq dkvnf; 'gyJ qdk&ifawmh 'g[m wdk;wuf rIrJh w Jh
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oabmyJ/wpfcgvmvnf; bk& m;? rif;om; rif;orD;? aumifr av;u


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jrefr mjynf rSmawmh ta[mif;tjrif;awGeJY ukdv dkeDa cwfu( Semi -Realism) okyfrSe f
qef yef;csD enf; tm;ay;rI tydki f;rSm vnf; olwdk UqDrS m orm;k;d ;us yef; csDausmif;eJ U
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yef;csDu kd qHk; jzwfv mwJhtcg trSm;t,Gif; awG jzpfvma&m/ wkdif; jynf&J U


wkd;wufrI rSmvnf ; aESmihfa ES;oGm ;w,f/ ta[mif;eJY topfukd olYae&meJ Uol
oHk;&rS myJ jzpfygw,f/
txl;ojzifh tEkynm ( Art) &JU oabmukd awG ;ac:Ekdif zdkY vdktyf
aeygw,f/ tEkynm[m taysmft&Tif pdw fat;csrf; rIukd ay;Hkwifavmuf rubl;/
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ta&;ygwJhtcsuf wpf& yfvnf; jzpfw ,f/ tEkynm[m 0dZmynmeJU odyHe nf;
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'gawGudk avhvmrI? &if; ESD;rIawGeJY qHk; jzwfE kdifygap/ tEkynm
tawG;tac: (Philosophy of Art) wkd;wufrI? tEkynmpepf (System of Art)
ajymif ;vJrIawGukd *CeP oduRrf; rS qHk; jzwf ygap/ txifeJY&rf;NyD; qHk ;jzwf w Jh
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'gaMumifh vl BuD;awG twudk cGm NyD; pOf ;pm;Munfh Muyg/

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cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

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(2)
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yef;csDo rm;&J U jyemyJ/ oHHk;eJY tvkyf jzpfwmawmh rSe fygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
a&&SnfrS m NyD; awmh ppf rSefwJ h wdk;wuf rItwGuf tEkynm cspfwwfw Jh jynf olawG&J U
ESpfNcdKuf0,f,lrI[ m ZdrfcHtvS jy0,f, lrIxuf yk drdkwefzdk; &Sdwmukd odzdkY vdk ygw,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

13

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Dtykdif;eJU ywfoufv dkU yef;csDjyyGJ vGwfvyf rIvnf; vdkygw,f/


yef;csDo rm;awG uvnf; e,fud kqif; NyD; jyzd kY vdkygw,f/ uaeY yef;csDorm;awG
oHHk;avmif;&dyfuxGu fNyD ; jynfolawG&JU rsuf ESmud k Munfhzd kY tcsdefyJ/ jrefr mjynfo l
awG[m tEkynmeJ Y (txl;ojzifh yef;csDeJY ) uif;uGmaecJhw m MumygNyD/

Typing

Inc ubuz

14

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

(3)
aemufwpf csufu yef;csD &JU tawG;tac: (tEk ynm&J U tawG;tac:)
wkd;wufrI yJ/ yef;csDorm;wkdif; [m yef ;csDtEky nmqdkw m bmvJv dkY wdwd usus
awG;ac:xm;Ek difzd kY vdkw,f/ 'Dv dkawG;ac:rI[mvnf ; wkd;wuf zdkY vd kw,f/ uRefawmfh
cH,lcsufuawmh yef;csDtEkynm[m jynf olawGuk d ynmjy&ef r[kwf/
tdk;om;qH k;aom pepfeJY pdw Zukd dkufcwfEk difpG rf; &Sdr IyJ jzpfw,f/
uRefawmfw kdY tawGUtBuHKt& vlwpfa,muf &JU ynmjyrI[mtcspftcif
tESpfoufrcH &bJ dk;om;pGmwif jyrI [m wu,fyJ ESpf NcdKuf rIudk cH&w,fqd kwm
odMurSm ygyJ/ 'g[m tEkynm&J U tiftm;wpf& yfyJ jzpfw,f/ uRefawmfwkd Y[m
wpfpHk wpfa,mufudk ynmjyvdkufw,f qdk&if tJ'D wpfpHkwpfa,mufeJU uRefawmf
wdkU[m uif;uG moGm;wwfwm awGY&w,f/ uRefawmfwkdY[ m uRefawmfwd kU&J U cHpm;rI?
tEkynm qmavmifrIeJ Y odyHe nf;us zef wD;rIawGukd dk;dk;om;om; wifjyvdkuf w Jh
tcg 'g[m ESpfoufzG, f jzpfoG m;ygw,f/ uRefawmf htaeeJY tEkynmorm;&J U
dk;om;pGm wif jy Ekd ifpGr f;[m tEkynm&JU wefzdk; yJ/ 'g[m tvIHUaqmf Ekdif pGrf; eJY
MunfhIol&J U pdwZudk tcsKyfukdif Ekdif pGrf; &Sdw,fv dkU ,lqw,f/
tEkynmorm;&JU dk;om;pG m wifjyrI[m tNrJqef; opfaer,fh wefzdk; yJ
jzpfw,f/

cif0 rf;
'DZifbm 1970

Typing

Inc ubuz

15

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

16

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

tcsD;
trSefu (Modernism) ukd acwfopf yef; csD 'grSr[kw f yef;csDopfvdk U
jyefMuw,f/ 'gayr,fh MunfhIol&J U pdwZukd csKyfukdif Ekdif pGrf; &Sdzd kY tav;teuf
xm;wJh enf;vrf;awG jzpfv dkY pdwZyef;csD vdkY emrnfay;vd kufw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

17

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

uAsmwpfyk 'f?wa,mwpfvuf eJY uacsonfw pfa,muf


vlawG[m uAsmwpfyk 'fukd zwfNyD ; ESpf NcdKufMuw,f/ wa,m wpfvuf&J U
aw;oGm;av;wpfausmhukd cHp m;Muw,f/ uacsonfwpfa,muf&J U uBudK;eJYtwl
vGifharsmwwfMuw,f/
bmaMumifhvJ/
b,fvlom;jzpf jzpf tEkynm wpf &yf&yf&J U EId;qGrI rSm vGif harsmzdkY toifhyJ/
tEkynm&JU enf ;emtoG,fo G,fwkdi f;rSm cHp m;Muw,f/ bmaMumif h vlawG[m
tEkynmukd cH pm;MuwmvJ/ bmaMumifh ESpfouf cHkrifMuwmvJ/ bmaMumifh
tEkynm&JU zefwD;rIawG[m vlo m;awGukd pd k;rdk ;Ekdi fwmvJ/
'gukd ajz&Sif;zkdY uRefawmfw kdY vkdtyfw,f/ tEkynm&JU pGrf;&nfudkod r S
pdwZyef; csD&J U jyemukd ajz&Sif;Ekdifr Smrdk UvdkY yJ/ vlawG[m t&omqdkwJh oabmukd
bmaMumifhESp fouf cH krifw mvJ/ 'grSr[kwf tEk ynmwpf&yf& yf[m bmaMumifh
vlawGudk zrf; csKyf Ekdif pGrf; &SdwmvJ qdkwm uRefawmfwkd Y pOf;pm; Munfh&atmif/
'Dae&mrSm uRefawmfw kdY av;av;eufe uf em;vnfcH, lxm;zd kYu
uRefawmfw kdY vlom;tm;vHk ;[m ywf0ef; usif (obm0)&JUtwGi f;rSm &Sifo ef
aexkdif&w,f/ 'Dywf0ef;usif (obm0) eJY puefY rjywf qufqHu l;vl; ae&NyD;
'Dywf0ef;usif &JU dkufcwfr Iudk tqufrjywfcHa e&w,fqd kwJh taMumif;w&m;yJ/
qdk&S,fvpf awG;ac:&Sif tdef *s,fu

,ckacwf obm0onf tcsif; csif; tjy eftvSef qufo G,frI rsm;? jzpfp Of
jzpf&yfrsm; pepfwus jzpfa y:rIwkdY jzihf uREf kyfwdk Ua&S U jzefY cif;vsuf &Sdayonf/
(tdef*s,f obm0&JU 'kd if,mvufwpf 202)
vdkY a&;cJhw,f/ aemufNyD; pwmvifu tEky #davmr kyf0g' pmwrf;rS m
Typing

Inc ubuz

18

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

tEky#davmru obm0udk t&m0wKawGeJY tjz pftysufawG[m


wpfckeJ Uwpfc k rqufroG, fbJ? wpfc keJYwpfck rSDc dktm;xm; raebJ? rawmfwq
pkyHkjzpfysu faew,fv dkY r,lqbJ wpfckeJ Ywpfck quf pyf aew,f/ pkpnf ;aew,f/
t&m0wKeJY tjzpftysuf awG[m twGif ;oabmeJ Y qufpyf rSDcd kaew,f/
wpfckudkw pfcku qHk ;jzwf aew,fvd kU ,lqw,f/ (pwmvif tEky#davmrkyf0g')
vkdY a&;om;cJhw,f/ pwmvif &JU pmydk'fxJ u t&m0wKeJ Y tjzpf
tysufawG[m wpfc kudkwpfck qHk; jzwfa ew,fvdk Y ,lqw,fqdkw Jh pmaMumif ;[m
obm0&JU quf pyfaerIrSm ta&;ygwJ h taMumif;w&m;wpf&yfy J/
uRefawmfw kdUawG [m obm0twG if;rS m &SdwJh ypnf;awGyJ/ 'gaMumifh
uRefawmfw dkY awG[m uRefawmfwk dY tcsif;csif;a&m? obm0w&m; eJYa&m? wjcm;
obm0twGif;u ypnf;awG eJYa&m qufET, frDSwnf aeNyD; wpfc ku wpfck u dk
tqHk;tjzwf ay;aew,f/ 'g[myJ uRefawmfw kdY vlom;awG &JU tEkynmcH pm;wwf r I
tmHk&JU taMumif; &if;cHjzpfw,f/
uRefawmfw kdYeJY obm0[m quf ET,faew,f/ 'gaMumifh obm0u
uRefawmfw dkUud k qHk;jzwfay;NyD; uRef awmfwk dY vlom;awG u obm0ukd jyefNyD;
qHk;jzwfw,f/ 'Dvdk tnrnqufp yfaerI awG[m uRef awmfwk dY&J U tmHkcHpm;rI u kd
ESpfaygif; rsm;pGm dkufcwfoGe foifc Jhw,f/
obm0rSm bmawG&Sd NyD; uRef awmfwk dYudk bmawG oG efoifc hJovJ/
'g[m t"duuswJh ar;cGef ;wpfck yJ/ 'Dar;cGef; jyemudk &Sif;vif;
oGm;wJhtcgrSm uRefawmfwdkUvlom;awG[m tEkynmtay:rS m cHkr ifESp fouf
&wJhtaMumif;&if ;om ay:vmrS myJ/
obm0rSm bmawG &SdovJ qdkw meJU ywfoufNyD; vDeifu

Typing

Inc ubuz

19

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

obm0w&m;rSm a&G Uvsm;aewJh kyf j'yfawGyJ&S dw,f/ 'Dkyfj' yf awG[mvnf;


umveJY tmumoxJr SmuvGJ vdkY wnf&S dvdkYr &bl;/ (vDeif pk aygif;usr f; twGJ 4)
vdkY a&;cJhw ,f/ vDeifqdkv dkwmu uRefawmfwd kY vlom;tm;vHk;eJ Y obm0
w&m;BuD ; wpfckvHk;[m umveJY tmumoqdkwJ h tpDtpOfBuD;xJ rSm wnf&Sda ewm
jzpfw,f/
umveJUtmumooabmw&m;ukd
vif;vif; wif jycJ hw,f/

tmzefeufqD,ufA fu

&Sif;&S if;

obm0twGif;rSm&Sd wJh 0w KawG[m xkxnf&S dHkwifru wpfcke JUwpf c k


qufET,faewJh tpDtpOfwpf ckeJY wnf& Sd aew,f/ wcsKd U[m uRefawmfwdkY eJY
cyfa0;a0;rSm&SdNyD; wcsKd U[m wjcm; yp nf;awGxuf uRefawmfwkdYe JYydk NyD; eD;uyfp Gm
wnf&Sdaew,f/ tjrihf 'grSr [kwf tedrf h? b,fbuf 'grSr[kwf nmbufponfjzifh
wnf&Sdw,f/
ypnf;awG[ m tmumorSm wnf&SdaeHkw ifrubl;/ wduswJh qufpyf r I
&SdpGm jzpfwnfa erIawG &Sdw,f/ ypnf;wpfck &JU ae&mukd aemuf ypnf; wpf cku
ae&m,lr,f/ tJ'Dypn f;&J U ae&mrSm aemuf ypnf;uquf NyD; ae&m,lr,f/ 'Dv kd
qufNyD; jzpfaer,f/
'Dvdk tmumoeJY umvoabmukd &S if;jycJhw,f/ 'DumveJ Y tmumo
oabmuawmh ypnf;awG[ m ae&mwpfckud k ,lxm;w,f/ 'Dvdk ae&m,lrIawG[m
nDnGwfw,f/ jynfhp Hkw,f/ ypnf;awG[ m b,fae&mrSm jzpf jzpf ? tpDt&De JY
teD;ta0; tedrfhtjrifh rSef rSefu efuef &S dw,f/ tbd"mef pmtk yfwpftky fay:ukd
pmtkyfwpftky fwifvdk ufwJhtcg wifvk dufwJh pmtkyf[m tbd"mefay:rSm yJ
&Sdaew,f/ tbd"mef eJY tpDtpOf nDnGwfa ew,f/
tpDtpOf rnDnGwf &ifvnf; nDnGwfatmif pmtkyfu tm;xkwfNyD;
nDnGwfwJhtcgrS &yfwnfrI[ m jzpfa y:vmr,f/ aemuf NyD; 'Dv dk tmumo
Typing

Inc ubuz

20

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

oabmeJTwG ifru umvqdkwJ htcsdefoabmvnf;&Sdw,f/ pmtky fwpftkyf ae&mrSm


pmtkyfwpftky fudk xm;vdkY &wm tcsdefoabmaMumifhyJ jzpfw ,f/ pmtkyfwpftkyf&J U
ae&mrSm aemufwpftkyf xm;r,fqdk& if yxrpmtkyfu dk a&TU&OD;r,f/ NyD;rS xm;vdkY
&r,f/ 'Dvdka &TUzdkYeJY xm;zd kYtwGuf tcsd ef (umv) r&S dvdkY r&bl;/ 'gav;udk ayghaygh
awG;&ifawmh &,fp&myJ/ uRefawmf wdkY&JU obm0rS m tcsdefqdkwm[m t&m&mudk
nDnGwfatmif zefwD;ay;aew,f qdkwm bmrS r[kw fovdkyJ/ 'gayr,fh
uRefawmfw kdU&JU obm0twGi f;rSm tcsde f&JU wpf orwfwnf ; a&GUvsm;rIomr&Sd& if
uRefawmfw kdU&JU &yfwnfrI[m vHk ;0 jzpf Ekdif rSm r[kwfb l;/
'g[m &Sif;jyzkdY awmfawmfc ufw,f/ umveJY tmumo&JU oabm[m
pdwZemrfawG jzpfaeavawmh ukd,fwdk ifrpOf;pm;&if em;vnf zdkY rvG,f bl;/
tJ'Dawmh uRefawmfwkdYawG[m umveJ Y tmumoqdkwJh qufp yf
nDnGwfrIawG xJrSm touf &Sif aexkdif Muw,f/ 'Doabmw&m;uvnf; uRefawmf
wdkYukd dkufcwfa ew,f/ uRefawmfw dkY&J U tmHkukd pdwZemrfawG jzpfay:apw,f/
nDnGwfrI ? jynfhpH krI? tpDtpOfusrI? wpfvSn fhpD jzpfay:rI? wjznf;jznf; jzpfa y:rI?
tav;csdefukd ufrI pwJh pdwZemrfawGudk jzpfay:apw,f/ obm0&J U ukd,fykd i f
jzpf&yfawGrS m 'DpdwZ emrfawG tjynfht0&S dw,f/
vlawG[m 'Dp dwZemrfawGeJ U obm0rSm&S dwJh tjzpftysufawG ypnf;awGu kd
jyefNyD; qHk; jzwfjyefw,f/ obm0w&m;&J U a&G;cs,f rIeJY Choice tvdktavsmuf
jzpfay:rI Chance awGudk vlawG[m tNrJr jywf BuH KawGUae&w,f/ puefYrvyf
BuHKawGY ae&w,f/ tJ'D a&G;cs,frIeJ Ytvdktavsmuf jzpf ay:rI ChanceawG u dk
vlawG[m ukd, fykdi fpdwZemrf ('guvnf ; obm0w&m;&J U xif[yfcsuftjzpf
uRefawmfw ifjycJhjcif; jzpfw,f) awGeJY qHk ;jzwf Muw,f/
a&G;cs,fr I Choice qdkwmu vlawG&J U vkyfudki fzefwD ;rIawG yJ/ 'g[m
jyKvky fol&J U OD;aESmuf eJYom oufqkdif w,f/ tvdktavsmuf jzpfa y:rI Chance
uawmh obm0tavsmuf jyKvkyo
f l&JU OD;aES mufeJY roufqkd ifbJ jzpfay:
Typing

Inc ubuz

21

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

vmwmawG jzpfw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzih f vlwpfa,muf&J U ukd,fcE m tcsKd;tpm;eJY


rsufESmkyfw kdY[m tvdktavsmuf jzpfay:rI jzpfNyD ; qif,if xHk;zG JYrIuawmh
a&G;cs,fr I ChoiceyJ jzpfw,f/ 'Do abmES pfckvk H;udk vl awG[m obm0&J U wHkUjyef r I
pdwZemrfawGeJY qH k;jzwfMuw,f/
'DvdkqHk; jzwf Mu&mrSm vlom;awG &JU tmHkcHt*FgawGjzpfwJh em;? rsufp d?
ESmacgif;eJY vQmwd kYuwpfq ifh twGif;rodpdwf (pdwZ) u aeNyD; puefYrvyf
qHk;jzwfaew,f/ 'gukd pdwaA'orm;awGawmh em;vnfEkd if rSmygyJ/
uRefawmfw kdY jrefrmvlrsKd ;awG[m jref rmh,Of aus;rI &JU dkufcwfjcif;
cH&w,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfw dkY&J U twGif;rodpdwf rSm jrefr mh,Ofa us;rI pdwZ
jzpfay:aew,f/ 'Djref rmh,Of aus;rI pdw ZeJY uRef awmfwk dYu qHk;jzwfw,f/
uRefawmfw kdU ,Ofaus;rIeJYrwlwJh Oa&my,Ofaus;rI qdk&if uRefawmfwdkY rBud Kuf
Mubl;/ 'DoabmyJ/ cyf&Si f;&Si f;ajym&&if Ak'bmom&JU ,Ofaus;rI obm0
dkufcwfrIudk cHae&wJ h Ak'b mom0ifawG[m Ak'bmom&J U rleJY yJ Munf hwwfw,f/
'DtcgrSm Ak'bk& m;udk 0wf rjyK&if rBud Kufbl;/ c&pf, mefvnf ; 'DvdkyJ/
rGwfpvifv nf; 'Dvdk yJ/
'g[m vlawG&JU pdwZ[m ywf0 ef;usifobm0&JU dkufcwfrIe JY xyfw l
t&m&mudk jyef NyD; qHk ;jzwfwwfw,fq dkwJh taMumif; Oyrmav;awGyJ/ obm0&J U
dkufcwfrIuawmh 'Dxuf ykdNyD; tEkpd wfusw,f/ arG ;uwnf;u aoqHk;MuwJhtxd
puefYrvyf dkufcwfEkd ifwm obm0yJ &Sdw,f/
'gaMumifh vlawG[m obm0&JU t&nftcsif;awGjzpfwJ h nDnGwfrI ? jynf hpHkr I?
tpDtpOfuserI ? wpfvSn fhpD jzpfa y:rI? wjznf; jznf; jzpfa y:rI? tav;csd e f
ukdufnDrI pwJh pdw Zemrf awGeJY qH k;jzwfMuw,f/ tJ'Doabm w&m;awG &Sd& if
ESpfoufw,f/ r&Sd&if rESp foufMubl;/ cyfyk yk trsKd ;orD;eJY cyf &Snf&S nf trsKd;om;
wpfa,muf wGJ oGm;&if rvdku fbl;vdk Ya0zefMur,f/ ESpfouf MurSm r[kwfbl;/
nDnGwfrIe JY tav;csdefu kdufrI r&Sdvdk U pdwZu vufcH rSm r[kwf bl;/
Typing

Inc ubuz

22

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

tEkynmqdkwm[m obm0&J U ypnf;wpfckyJ/ obm0xJu obm0av;


wpfckyJ/ tEkynmobm0yJ/ obm0xJr Sm jzpfa y:aewJh zefwD ;rI awGyJ/
'gawGudkvnf; uRefawmfw dkYu wjcm;obm0enf;wl obm0 pdwZ eJY
qHk;jzwfoHk;oyfrSm yJ/
tEkynmqdkwm[m obm0twGif ;rSm&SdwJh t&dyfta,mifawGu kd obm0
ykdrkdusvmatmif zef wD;olu zef wD;xm;wJh obm0awG yJ jzpfw,f/
Oyrm - aw;*Dw/ uRefawmfwdkYw pfawG[m pm;yG Jukd vuf eJY rawmfwq
dkufrdw,f/ "m;oGm;csif;ckwfrd Muw,f/ a&xJ ausmuf cJ wpfvHk; usoGm;w,f/
tJ'DtcgrSm toHawG jzpfay:vmw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'gawG[m tpDtpOfr usebl;/
rnDnGwb
f l;/ rajyjypfbl ;/ obm0pdw Zemrf awG r&S dbl;/ 'gaMumifh vl awGu
'Dt&dyfta,mif oHawGuk d rawmfwq xGufwJh toHrsKd ;r[kwfb J ydkrdk aumif ;rGef w Jh
enf;eJY toHxGufatmif vkyf Muw,f/ tJ'Dvdk zefwD;rIawG jyKvk yfwJh tcgrSm
'DzefwD; rIawGr Sm obm0&J U pdwZemrftm;vHk; ygatmif zefwD; Muw,f/ 'DzefwD; rI
awG[m nDnGwfw,f/ jynf hpHkw,f/ tpDtpOfusew,f/ wpfvSnfhp D jzpfa y:rI?
wjznf; jznf; jzpfay:rIawGygw,f/ tav;csdef ukdufn Dw,f/ 'gaMumifh zefwD; rI
awG[m vlawG &JU pdwZtmHkwGukd dkufcwfrI tm;aumif;NyD; vlawG u kd
zrf;csKyfEkd ifpGr f; &Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh tEkynm&yfawGudk tmHkcHpm;zdkY vl awGu
ESpfouf rufa rmMuwmyJ jzpfw,f/
tEkynmqdkwm obm0rSm&SdwJh t&dyfta,mif awGukd ykdr dk nDnGw f
ajyjypfNyD; obm0&JU pdwZemrft&nftcsif;awG &Sdvmatmif zefwD;wJh pepf y J
jzpfw,f/
tEkynm[m obm0ukd xyfwlul ;,lrI twwfynmr[kwfbl;/ zefwD; rI
0dZmynmyJ jzpfw,f/ 'Dtcsufuk d av;av;eufeuf oabmaygufzdkY vdkw,f/
tEkynm[m xyfwlul ;,lrI twwfynm r[kw fbl;/ zefwD;rI twwfynmom
jzpfw,f/ ykdrd k jynfhpH knDnGwf atmif zefwD; rIom jzpfw,f/obm0rSm&Sd w Jh
Typing

Inc ubuz

23

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

t&dyfta,mifawG ukdwky NyD; ykdrd kjynfhpHkw Jh pepfwpfc kudk zefwD;wmyJ jzpfw,f/


obm0rSm toH&Sdw,f/ tJ'gudk wkyNyD; ydkrdk jynf hpHkw Jh? nDnGwfwJh aw;*Dw udk
zJGUw,f/ obm0rSm ouf&Sda wG&J U ukd,fv uft*Fg vIyf& Sm;rI &Sdw,f/ 'gawGu kd
tEkynmu xyfw lul;rcsbl;/ tJ'D t&dy fta,mifud k ydkr dk nDnGw f jynfhpHk atmif
zefwD;NyD; uBud K;uuGuft jzpf zef wD;Muw,f/
tEkynmqdkwm obm0xJr Smvlom;awGu jrifMum;ae&wJh obm0&J U
pepfawGud k ydkrdkn DnGwf jynfhp Hkatmif zefwD;wJh pepf jzpfvd kU awGYxd jrifMum;rIr Sm
vlom;awGE Spfouf cHpm;Muwmjzpfw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

24

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

25

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

tEkynm[m obm0&JU t&dyfta,mifawGud k ykdrdk ajyjypfnDnGwfw Jh


pepfwpf &yftjzpf zefw D;ol (tEk ynmorm;)u zefwD;xm;wmrdk Y vlom;awGu
tmHkcHpm;wmyJ jzpfw,f/ vlom;awGudk obm0u kdufcwfxm;wJh pdwZemrf
awGeJY nDnGwfaevd kY vlawG&JU tmHkawGudk vIHYaqmf Ekdif pGrf; &Sdvmwm jzpfw,fv dkY
uRefawmf wif jycJ hygNyD/
tJ'D vIYH aqmfE kdifp Grf;&JU tiftm;udk uRefawmfw kdYu zefw D;wJhtcgrSm b,fv dk
taumif;qHk; jzpfatmif zef wD;MuovJ/ tEkynm&J U csKyfukdi frI t&nftaoG; ukd
uRefawmfw kdY b,fvdk wkdi f;wmrvJ/ yef;csDwpfcsyf 'grSr[kwf uAsmwpfyk'f u dk
aumif;w,fv kdY bmudk rlw nfNyD; qHk;jzwfovJ/
'gukd wifjyzdkY tEkynmqkdif &m tEky#d avmr oabmw&m;uk d uRefawmfh
taeeJY tav;xm;NyD; aqG;aEG ;r,f/
tEkynmrSm tEk y#davmr (tjyeftvS efqefY usifnd EIdif ;rI)[m ta&;BuD;wJh
toGifwpf&yf jzpfw,f/ tEkynm&yfwdk if; {uqdk wJh wpf ckoabm b,fawmh r S
r&Sdbl;/ tenf;qHk; a'G ;qdkwJh ESpfo abmyg0ifw ,f/ yef;csDum;wpfcsyf rSm ta&mif
wpfckwnf; ? taoG;wpf ckwnf; oHk;vdk Y r&bl;/ *Dw rSmvnf ; wpfoHw nf; wD;vdkY
r&bl;/ 'Dvdk tEkynm&yfwkd if;rS m pkaygif; oabmawG &Sdw,f/ pkaygif;rIawG[m
tNrJ qefYusifndE Idif; rI jzpfay:NyD; tEkynm&JU tiftm;udk xd ef;odr f;aewmyJ
jzpfw,f/
wu,fvdkY yef;csDu m;wpfc syfrS m wpfa&mifwnf ; Oyrm tpdr f; a&mifcsnf; yJ
qGJxm;&if &rvm;/ r&bl;/ 'Dvd k wpfa&mifwnf; qGJ wJhtcgrSm ta&mif[m key
oabmrsKd; jzpfoG m;NyD; tEkt&ihf tawmuftrIdif ; Tone eJY Volume cJGrIawG
&SdvmrS myJ/ 'Dvdk rS r&Sd &if eH &Hukd oabF maq; okw fovdk wpfa &mifw nf;
jc,fxm;&ifawmh ta&mifjym;BuD ; jzpfNyD; b,fvdkrS vIH Uaqmfr Iay;rSm r[kwfbl;/
tenf;qHk; ta&mif jzpf jzpf ? taoG;jzpfjzpf ESpfrsKd;awmhyg&r,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

26

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

tEkynm&yfw kdif; rSm tenf;qHk; ud &d,mES pfck a'G;oabm yg0ifwmudk


Munfh&if tEkynm&J U tiftm;[m tEky#davmryJqd kwm odomEk dif vmw,f/
bmaMumifhvJqd kawmh {uoabmrSm tEky#davmr[m aysmufu G,f oGm;vdk UyJ/
'gaMumifh tEkynmwpf& yf&J U t"dut&nftaoG;[m tEky#d avmryJ jzpfw,f/
tEkynmqdki f&m tEky#davmr[m [if;wpfcGuf csufyH kudk uRefawmfw kdY
avhvmMunf h&if xifxif&S m;&S m; awGY&w,f/ [if;csufw mukd uRefawmfwk dYu
ayghayghav;yJ oabmxm;w,f/ edp"l0 awGYBuHKae&wmrdkY [if;wpfcGu f[m
odyfta&;rBuD;bl;vdkY xifMuw,f/ trSe fu [if; csuf wm[mvnf; yef;csDqGJw m?
uAsmpyfw mvdk tEkynmwpf&yfu kd zefwD;wmyJ/ yef;csDw pfcsyf[m puKtmHku
wpfqihf vlY&J U pdwZukd vIHUaqmfovdk [if; wpfrnf[mvnf ; vl&JU
&otmHkuwpfqifh vIH Uaqmfw myJ/ ol[mvnf; tEkynmwpf&yf&JU enf ;emOya'
twdkif; zefwD; &wmyJ jzpfw,f/
tJ'Dawmh tEkynmwpf &yf jzpfwJ h [if;csufr IuaeNyD;
tEky#davmrukd uRefawmfwdkY avhv mMunf h&atmif/

tEkynm&J U

[if;csufw JhtcgrSm ukefMurf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzpfwJh tom;? t&Guf? rqvm?


axmywf? tkef;qD pwJh[mawGudk toHk;jyKcsuf Muw,f/ ukefMurf;awG ukd,fw dkifr Sm
t&om&SdNyD;jzpfcsifjzpfr,f/ yef;csD rSmqd k&if ta&mifwd kif;[m woD;wjcm;pD vSyae
wmrsKd;/ 'gayr,fh ukefMurf;awG &JU t&om[m vHk;0 t"durusbl;/ ukefMurf;
awG&JU t&om[m (tEk y#davmr) rygwJhtwGuf jynfhp HkwJht&om r[kwfbl;/
'gaMumifh vlawG[m ukef Murf; wpf rsKd;wnf;udk pm;oHk;vd kY r&bl;/
tEkynmwpf& yf&J U vuPm[m jynfh pHkwJ h &o ay;pGrf; Ekdif rIyJ/
'gaMumifh 'Dvdk jynfhpHk wJh &oudk ay;pGrf ;Ekdi fvmatmif [if;csuf ol[m
ukefMurf;awGuk d a&mpyfr,f/ [if;wpfc GufrS m ta&;BuD;wmu ukefMurf;awG u dk
rSefuef pGm a&mpyfEk difrI 0dZmynmyJ/ t&om&Sd NyD; jzpfwJ h oMum;wkdY? EkdYwkd Y?
axmywfwkd Y t&rf;xnfhvnf; t&om &Sdcsifr S &dSr,f/ t&rf; nHhcsifv nf;
Typing

Inc ubuz

27

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

nHhoGm;r,f/ csOfaygif& Gufwpf pnf;udk jyKwf NyD; tEky #davmrusatmif qm;eJYig;yd u kd


xnfhay;Ed kif&if 'g[m[if;aumif; wpfcGuf jzpfv mrSmyJ/ 'gaMumifh [if;wpf cGuf&J U
t"duvuPm[m ukefMurf;uk d tEky#davmr uspGm a&mpyfEkd ifrI 0dZ mynmyJ/
tEky#davmruspGm a&mpyfE kdifr Iqdkwmu tMurf;tm;jzifh yg0ifw Jh
ukefMurf; tcsif;csif;&J U 0da&m"dawGudk aygif ;pnf; Ekdif rIoabmyJ/ [if;vsm wpfck u dk
csufwJhtcgrSm tom;&JU tcsKd&,f? tqD&JU tqdrfh ? qm;pwJh [if;cwfy pnf;&J U
tief&,f olwdkUawGukd nDnGwfp Gm aygif;pnf; Ekdif rIyJ/ &Sif;&S if;ajym&&if
[if;vsmwpfckrS m ukefMurf;tjzpf oHk;wJ h tcsOfeJYttD? tcsKde JY tcg;? tpyfe JY
tqdrfhpwJh 0da&m"dawG &Sdr,f/ ta&;BuD;wmu tJ'D 0da&m"dawGukd nDnGwf atmif
aygif;pnf;Ekdifz dkYyJ/
[if;csufo l tEkynm&S if[m [if ;ukd jrnf;prf ;r,f? xyfjznfhr,f/
jrnf;prf;r,f ? xnfhjznfh r,fponf jzihf vdktyfovdk tBudrfBudrf jyKvky f r,f/
aemufqHk; rSm [if; vsm[myg0ifwJh uke fMurf ;awGeJ Y tEky#davmr uswJh
tqifhwpfcku dk a&mufoGm ;r,f/ 'DtqifhrSm [if; vsm&J U ukefMurf; awG[m
jynfhp HkwJh tajctaeudk a&mufa eNyD/ 'Dtqifh[ m [if;vsmwpfck &J U tEky#davmr
usrItwGuf ta&;BuD; wJh tqihfyJ/
[if;vsm[m jynfh pHkrItqifh a&mufwmeJ Y
zefwD;rI [m NyD; pD;oG m;w,f/

csufjyKwfol &JU tEk ynm

'Djynf hpHkrItqihfqdkw m bmvJ/


jynfhp HkrIqk dwm yg0ifwJh uk efMurf;awG& JU rvkdr ydkwJ htajctaeyJ/ tJ' D
tajctaerS 0da&m"dawG[m nDrQpGm 'GefwG JrdNyD; yg0ifwJh b,fuke fMurf ; udkyJjzpfjzpf
xnfhjznf hp&mvnf; rvdk? xyfEk wfp&mvnf;rvd kwJh tajc taeyJ/ 'Dtajctae[m
[if;vsmwpfck&J U a&mpyfrI b0rsKd;rSm wpfckwnf;yJ &Sdw,f/ pmtky fwpftkyf e JY
a&;rSwfvd kY r&bl;/
Typing

Inc ubuz

28

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

teD;qHk; Oyrmjy&if EGm;Ek dYusKdw Jhtcg EGm;EkdY &,f? oMum;&,f ? a&&,f


a&musKd Muw,f/ 'Dvd k a&mpyf&mrSm EkdYenf ;&if tqdr fhenf; r,f/ oMum;enf;&if
tcsKdenf;r,f/ a&enf;&ifvnf ; tcsKdav; (tayghaygh) aer,f/ EGm;EkdYrsm;&ifv nf;
tqdrfhrsm;NyD; oMum;rsm;&ifvnf; tcsKd rsm;oGm;r,f/ a&rsm;wmawmh b,fol r S
rBudKuf Muygbl;/ 'DoH k;ck[ m wpfck udk wpf ck xdef ;odrf; (qefYusif)aewJh
tajctaewpfck rSm EGm ;EkdY[ m aomufvk dY taumif;qHk;yJ/ 'g[m EGm;EkdY& JU jynfhpHk r I
tajctaeyJ/ 'DtajctaerSm bmrSx yfEkw f 'grSr[kwf xyfjznfhvkdY r&awmhbl;/
oMum;xyfxnfh&ifvnf; tcsKdrsm;oGm;r,f/ 'g[m a&mpyfrI tEky #davmrudk
ysufpD;aprSmyJ/ xyfEkwf&ifvnf; raumif;awmhbl;/ 'Doabmobm0ukd b,f
u@rSmyJ Munf hMunf h awGY&rS myJ/
tck ajymcJhwJ h 0da&m"d rsm; aygif;pnf;rIr Sm taustvnf aqG;aEG;zdk U
us,fus,fjyefY jyefY wif jy&r,fh tydkif; awG &Sdygw,f/ yg0ifude f;awG& JU tcsKd;ygyJ/
ckeu Oyrm jyef aumuf& if EGm;Ek dY&,f ?a&&,f ? oMum;&,f a&m&mrSm
olwdkYtm;vHk ; 'GefwG J (qefYusif) aewhJ tajctaewpfck &Sdw,f/ tJ'D tajctaerSm
ukefMurf;awG a&maygif;rI ( tEkynmypnf; ) [m vl Y&JU tmHkcHt*Fg (pdwZtmHk)
ukd tEId;qGqHk; yJ/ tcsKyfukdi fEkdi fqHk;yJ/
'gayr,fh 'Dvdk 'GefwG Jaeatmif (nDrQpG m aygif;pnf; rI qdkwJh oabm[m
b,fvdktajctaevJvdkY qef;ppfv dkvmw,f/ EG m;Ekd U&,f ? a&&,f ? oMum;&,f&J U
pGrf;tm;[m wpf ckeJ Uwpfck nDr Qae&r,f? xdef;od rf;ae&r,fqdk wJhoabmudk
EGm;Ekd UwpfZG ef;? a&wpfZGef; ? oMum;wpfZ Gef; 'Dvdk xnfhw m[m nDrQrI yJvm;/
yef;csD rSmqdk &ifvnf ; tyla&mif (teDqdk ygawmh) udk 25 pwk &ef;vuf r oHk;&if
tat;a&mif (tjymEkqd kygawmh) udk 25 pwk&ef;vuf ryJ oHk;&r,fvm;/ 'Dv kd
apm'u wufp&m &Sdw,f/
'Dae&mrSm uke fMurf ;wpfck &JU yg0ifudef ;[m 2 rsKd; 2 pm; &Sdaewmudk
uRefawmfw dkY owdxm;&r,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

29

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

1/ t&nftcsif;
2/ ta&twGuf
'Dvkd 2 rsKd; 2 pm; &Sdaer,f/ Oyrmtm;jzih f EkdY[ modyfr csKdbl ;? tcsKdx kxnf
enf;w,f/ EkdY &JU yg0ifudef ; t&nftcsif;tm;jzihf enf ;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
t&nftwGufBuD; BuD;vd kw,f/ oMum;uawmh odyfc sKdw,f/ yg0if udef;taeeJY
t&nftcsif; BuD;w,f/ 'gaMumif h t&nftwGuf avQmhay; &r,f/ 'g[m
odyHoabmt& uke fMurf ;udk tMurf; zsif; ndE Idif; rIyJ/
'gukd nDrQjcif;eJY a&;&if
aA + bB + cC = K

t&nftcsif;/Capital letteru t&nf twGuf/ K uawmh


aygif;pyfr I&JU jynfhpHk rI tajctaeyJ/ 'gudk lyaA'&J U tm;vnfudef;rsm; ed,mrrSm
txift&Sm; awGY&w,f/
Small LetterawGu

tEkynmwpf& yf&J U odyHoabm[m tm;vnfudef ; ed,mryJ/


enf;enf; yg;yg; &Sif;jycsif ygw,f/

'gudk

vnfcsuf&Sdw Jh tm;vnfudef ;wpfc kudk Munf h&if tav; vufwH a


[m tav;vufwHb xuf wdkw,f? tm;aysmh w,f/ 'gaMumifh 'gudk jznfhz dkY tav;
A [m tav; Bxuf BuD;vm&w,f/ a eJU A
KrSm

Typing

Inc ubuz

30

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yHk - tm;vnfu def;&JU aygif;pnf; rI[m b eJY B&J U aygif;pnf;rI e JY


nDrQwJhtcgrSm vnfcsuf[ m K rS myJ &S dvmNyD; tm;vnfudef; &JU &yfwnfr I[m
cdkifrmvmr,f/ 'Dvdk cdk ifrmpGm &yfwnfEkdi fzdkY tm;&J U vnfudef ;[m
qefYusifa ewJhtm;ESpfck &JU tEk y#davmr uspG m aygif;pnf;rIu dk &,l &w,f/ tm; A
[m wkwfwHud k em&DvufwHeJY ajymif;jyef vnfa pNyD ; tm; B [m wkwfwH u dk
em&Dvufw H twkdif; vnfapw,f/ lyaA'rSm em&Dvuf wHtwkdif; vnfwJhtm;ukd
(-) tEkwfvuPm owfr SwfNyD; em&D vufwHeJ Y ajymif;jyefvnfw Jhtm;udk (+)
taygif;vuPmeJY yl;wG J azmfjyw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm nDrQjcif;uk d 'Dvdk a&;Ekdifw,f/
a A + (-b B) = K

wu,fvdkYa AeJU b B[m nDrQaer,fqd k&if olwk dUtcsif ;csif; acsNyD ; K&JU
&yfwnfrI[ m okn(0) jzpfo Gm;r,f/ 'Dvdk (+) eJY (-) qef YusifbufawG
yl;aygif;rI[m b,f&yf wnfrIr Smrqd k rkcsawGY &rSm yJ/
&yfwnfrIw kdif; rSm qefYu sifbufawG yl;aygif; rI &Sd&rSmyJ/
qefYusifbufawG&J U yl;aygif;rIqdkwmuvnf; uRefawmf wif jycJhovdk
t&nftcsif;eJY t&nftwGuf vkd ufavsm nDr QpGm yl;aygif;rI yJ/
yef;csDw pfcsyfrSm uRefawmfwkdYu teD a&mif eJY tjymEkuk d yl;aygif;r,f/
teDa&mifeJ Y tjym[m qefYu sifbufta&mifawG yJ/ tJ'D ta&mifawG&J U tiftm;ukd
nDrQpGm yl; aygif;wJhtcgrS m ta&mifawG &JU tiftm;[m xkxnf nDnDrQrQeJY
xdef;odr f;xm;NyD; wpfck pD[m ykdrd ktm;aumif;vmr,f/ 'Dvdk yl;aygif;zkdY Oyrmtm;jzihf
teDu ykdNyD; awmuf w,f? &ifhw ,f? ta&mif t&nftcsif ;rSm rsm;w,fqdk& if
olYukdavsmhwJh? ta&miftm;aysmhwJh tjymEku dk ykdNyD; xkxnfrsm;rsm;oHk;/ tjymEkeJY rS
rvHkavmufw Jhtcg olYukd tm;ay;wJh tpdrf ;Eka&mifvdk ? rdk; jyma&mifv kd[mrsKd;eJ U
xyfNyD; xd ef;ay;/ 'Dvdk yef;csD orm;u ta&mifawG&JU aygif ;pyfr I tiftm;udk
zefwD;r,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

31

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Dvkd
qefYusifbufawGu dk
yl;aygif;wJhtcgrSm
t&nftcsif; eJY
t&nftwGufudk rQwpG m toHk;jyKr,f/ yef; csDwpf csyfr Sm qefYu sifbuf (0da&m"d)
oabmawG[m b,fawmh rSajy;rvGw fbl;/ wu,fawmh yef;csD wpfcsyfrS mygwJh
ta&mif&,f ? j'yfx k&,f[m t&mra&mufbl;/ Mum;cH oufouf yJ/ 'gawGu kd
aygif;pnf;Ekdifr I? 0da&m"daygif; rsm;pGmukd aygif;pnf; Ekdif rI[m yef; csDwpf csyf&J U
t"ducsKyfuk difEk difrItm;yJ/
0da&m"da ygif;pnf ;rI[m yef;csDwpfc syf&J U tiftm;aumif;rItwGu f t"du
tcsufjzpfo vdk tEkynmwk dif;&JU tiftm;aumif;rItwGu f t"du tcsuf jzpfw,f/
yef;csDw pfcsyf&JU tiftm;aumif;rIukd ydk NyD; xdef ;odrf; Ekdif pGrf; &Sd wmu
pGrf;&nf a&G;cs,frIy J? pGrf;&nfa&G; cs,frI [m tEky#davmr usrI&J U t"du tcsuf
jzpfw,f/ tEkynmwpf&yfu dk zefwD;wJhtcgrSm tEkynmorm;[m yxrqHk;
rlvukef Murf;ukd ta&twGufa&m t&nftcsif;yg owfrSwf NyD; zefwD;w,f/
NyD;wJhtcg tJ'Dr lvukef Murf; eJY nDnGw faxmuf yhHwJh (Hermonising) 'kw d,? NyD;
wwd,?pwkw pwJh tqif hqihf axmufyH hrIuke fMurf;awGud k tEky#davmr
userIabmif twGif;u a&G;cs,fz dkUyJ/ 'kwd,? wwd,pwJh axmufyHh rI ukefMurf;
awG[m rlvukefMurf;eJ Y tEky#davmr usaezdkY ta&; BuD;w,f/ rlv
ukefMurf;awGud k tm;aumif; rSmzd kY tNrJaxmufyhHul nDae&r,f/
'DvdkpGr f;&nfa &G;cs,frIukd uRefawmfwkdY [if ;csufw myJ &Si f;&Si f; vif;vif;
Oyrm ay;Ek difw,f/
Muufom;[if;csufwJh tcgrSm rlv ukef Murf;tjzpf Muufom;uk d xm;NyD;
csufw,f/ 'gayr,fh Muufom;udk a&eJY csufvkdu f&if [if ;vsm[m od yfNyD;
tm;raumif;vSbl;/ 'gaMumifh [if;vsm&J U tm;aumif; rI twGuf axmuf y Hh
ukefMurf;awG xyffx nfhzd kY vdkvmw,f/
uRefawmfw dkU[m tawG UtBuHK &JU dkufc wfrIt& axmufyHhr Iukef Murf;ukd
toHk;jyKMurSm yJ/ axmufyH hrIuke fMurf;[m wpf cgwpf&Hr Sm a'oqdk i&f m oufouf
Typing

Inc ubuz

32

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

jzpfaewwfw,f/ a,bk,s NcHKiHka jym&&if Muufom;[if;&JU axmufyH hrI ukefMurf;


tjzpf MuufoGe feD? Muuf oGef jzLeJ Y ikwfoD;ukd oHk;r,f/ qDudkvnf ; oHk;&r,f/
rqvmudkvnf ; oHk;Ekdif w,f/ 'gawG[m rlv ukefMurf;awGud k tiftm;aumif;zdkY
aqmif&Gu fr,fhaxmufyH hrIuke fMurf;awG jzpfw,fv dkY jrefr mjynf a'oqdk if&mrSm
trsm;uvufcH Muw,f/ 'gayr,f h bmvdk U rqvmxnfh NyD; axmufyHh Ekdif w Jh
Muufom;[if;udk refu snf;oD; rSnfhw kdU? yJig;ydwdkYxnfhNyD; axmufyHh rI ray;Ekd i f
wmvJ/

yDumqdkud k,fwdk ifa&;yHkwl

Typing

Inc ubuz

Picasso - Self Portrait (1901)

33

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

uRefawmf tMurf;zsif; ajymEk difwmu 'Dvdka xmufyH hrI[m tEky#davmr


rusbl;vdkY uRefawmfwkdY tawGYtBuHKu oifa y;xm;vdkYygyJ/ uRefawmfwkd Y[m
obm0 ywf0ef;usif&J U oifMum;rIatmufrS m touf&SifBuD; xGm;vm&w,fqd kwm
arhvdkYr jzpfb l;/
aemufNyD; Muufom;&JU axmufyH hrI? ukef Murf;tjzpf axmufyhH Ekdif avh&Sdw Jh
rqvm[m ig;pG yfjyKwfeJY a&m tEky#davmr usus aygif;pnf;Ekd if&J Uvm;qd kwm
pOf;pm;Munfh zdkY vdkygw,f/ ig;pGyfjyKwf&J U axmufyhH rIuke fMurf ;[m a&Smuf &Gufwdk Y?
ikwfaumif;rIefYwd kYyJ jzpf w,f/ 'Dtwkdif;yJ qDwkd Y? yJwdkY ? ig;ydwdkY&J U rlvukef Murf; eJY
tEky#davmr usrIqdkif &m a&G;cs,fjcif; awGvnf ; &Sdao;w,f/
tpu jyefaumuf&atmif/ Oyrm ay;cJhovd k ([if ;csufr I) wu,fw rf;
wifjyrSmu tEkynm/ uJ - [if;csufrI tEky nmukd tEk ynm qdkw Jh abmifx J
oGif;NyD; jyefaumufEkwf csufcsvdkuf& if tEkynmwpf&yf zefwD;zdk Y pGrf;&nfa &G;cs,f r I
qdkwm[m ta&;BuD ;w,f/ wa,mcyfcRJ cRJeJ Y wD;wJh tvGrf;aw;wpf yk'fr Sm
axmufyHh rItjzpf vif;uG if;wkdY ? a&Tbd kpnf wd kY oHk;vd kY rjzpfbl;/ 'd k;ywfoH v dk
cyfNrd Kif NrdKifrsKd ;rS 'Dvdka xmufy HhrI[m tm;aumif;apw,f/
aemufNyD; 0da&m"drsm;aygif; pnf;rI[ m ta&;BuD; w,f/ taemuf Edkif iHu
qifzdkeD wD;0d kif;awG rSm 'Dvdka ygif;pnf ;rI[m xif&S m;w,f/ tiftm; enf;wJh
wa,mvdk wl&d,mrsKd;[m rsm;w,f/ wpfcgwpf&HrS m opfom; avrIw f
ud&d,mawGu dk ydkNyD;tm;aumif;atmif zefwD ;w,f/ tm;enf;rI? tm;BuD;rIawG u dk
a&marTaygif ;pyfavh &Sdw,f/
'gaMumifh tEk ynmwpf&yf (b,ftEkynmyJ jzpfjzpf) &JU vl UtmHkukd EId ;qG
csKyfukd ifEkd ifrI pGrf; &nf[m tEk ynm&J U tEky#davmr usaerItay:rS m wnfw,f/
tEky#davmr usrIu uif;uGmav tEkynm[m tm;enf;avyJ/ tEky#davmr
usrIrSmvnf; t"dutjzpf pGrf;&nfa&G;cs,frIe JY 0da&m"drsm; nDnGwfp Gm
aygif;pnf;Ekdifr I qdkwJh u@ESpfck &Sdw ,f/ 'DESpfcke JY nDnGwfae&if tEkynm
Typing

Inc ubuz

34

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

tm;aumif;vmrSmyJ/ tEkynm&J U b,fu@ukdyJ jzpf jzpf 'Dtwkdi f; oHk;oyfw,f/


yef;csD yef;yk? uAsm? tqkd? aw;oGm ;? uBudK; tukef vHk; 'DtEky#davmreJY yJ
qHk;jzwf&rSm yJ/
tEkynm&JU
u@wcsKd Uukd
tEk y#davmroabmeJU
avhvmMunf h &atmif/ pE&m;wpfvkH ;udk wD;w,f/

tao;pdw f

yxr cvkwfwpfc kpDud k vufndK;wpfacsmif;wnf; oHk; NyD; ES dyfw,f/


oHpOfwpf ckudk qd kygawmh/ avcsKdaoG;um 'Dvkdy Jjzpfjzpf ESdy fMunfh vdkufw,f/ 'Dv dk
wD;vdkY em;axmif aumif;yghr vm;/ wl&d,mud&d,mrdkY toHwke fcgEIef ;awG
nDnGwfaevd kY em;axmifvdkY awmh aumif;rSmaygh/ 'gayr,fh jynfh jynfh pHkpH k r&SdvSb l;/
tJ'Dawmh vufig;acsmif;ukd oHk;NyD;wD; r,f/ enf;enf ;awmh toH
pHkvmw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'g[mvnf; rjynf hpHkvSb l;/ vufig;acsmif; eJY wD;w,f
qdkwm[m wu,fawmh rlvoHwpfoHukd axmufyHhoH 4 oHeJUyl;NyD; 5 oHu dk
wpfoHwnf; xGuf atmif wD;wJh oabmyJ/
tJ'Dawmh aemufxyf vuf 5 acsmif; eJY jznfhpG ufvdkuf OD;r,f/ 'DtcgrSm
aemufxyftoHawG&JU axmufyHhr IaMumifh rlvoH wpfoH[m odyftm;aumif ;vmNyD;
em;axmifolawGu w,f NrdKifygvm;qd kNyD ; ESpfNcdKuf Muw,f/
'Dvkd toHtrsKd; rsKd;udk yl;aygif;wJh tcgrSm (ryl;aygif ;&ifvnf; 'g[m
tvum;yJ/) b,fvdk yl;aygif; rvJqdkw m ta&;BuD;vma&m/ tEky#d avmr&J U
u@u 'Dae&mrS myJ Oyrm rD (mi) qdkwJ h ]3} oHudk axmufyHhz dkY b,ftoHawG u dk
oHk;rvJ qdkwJ h udp/ 'Dtcsuf[m ta&;BuD;w,f/ tEk y#davmr usatmif
yl;aygif;EkdifygrS/ ]rD} qdkwJhtoH[m ydkrdk tm;aumif ; vmr,f/ tEkynmorm;
wpfa,muf& JU pGrf;&nf[m 'Dvkd yl;aygif ;Ekdi fpGrf ;ay:rSm wnfw,f/ wu,fvdkYrsm;
uRrf;usifo lwpfa,muf[m edrf hjrifhoHp Of wcsKdUudk yl;aygif; zdkY Bud K;pm;NyD/ ol[m
rlvoHpOf eJY
axmufy HhoHpOfawGvnf;
owf rSwfNyD;NyDqkdw Jhtcg
olUtzdkY
ta&twGufa&G;cs,frI tEky#davmrukd awGUvm&jyefa&m/ 'Djyemukd tEkynm
Typing

Inc ubuz

35

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

orm;u tpuwnf;u qHk ;jzwf wmjzpfcsifvnf; jzpfaer,f/ b,ftoHu kd


b,ftwdkif;twmtxd rlxm;NyD ; b,ftwkdif;twmxd axmufyh Hr,fqdk wJhudp/
Oyrm ]rD} qdkwJh toHuk d qdk (so)qdkwJh 5 oHe JY axmuf yHhr,f qdkwJhtcg
wkefEIef ; b,favmufeJ Y axmufyHh rvJ/ tv,foHeJY? atmufoHeJY 'grSr[kw f
txufoHeJUvm; qdkwJh [m a&G; cs,f& jyefa &m/ ukdapmndef;&JU aw;oG m;awGr Sm
'DtcsufawGuk d uRrf;uRrf;usifusif pyf[yfxm;wm awGY&w,f/ udkapmndef;&J U
aw;rSm Arm*Dwm&,f? wa,m &,f ? yavGBuD;&,fu dk a&mpyfavh &Sdw,f/
r,f'vif[ m odyfus,fus,f avmifavmif (rlvoHtjzpf) 0ifrvmbJ
aemufcHoabmrsKd;om wD;ay;w,f/ tJ'D rlvtoH oHk;oH wa,m? *Dw m?
yavGwdkY[ m wpfcgwpf&Hp DrSm wpfc kcku ykd NyD;us,fvmwwfw ,f/ *Dwm[m
wD;ae&mu jrKyfoGm;NyD; wa,moH[ m tm;aumif;vmwmrsKd;? wpfcgwpf&H *DwmeJY
yavGeJY tm;Nyd Kif wD;cwfw mrsKd ;? 'Dvdk xkdufoif hwJhae&mawGr Sm oHpOf&J U
tav;csdefukd ufrItwGuf ta&twG ufudk t&nftcsif;eJ Y ndNyD; yl ;aygif;Ekdifw m[m
tEkynmorm; wpfa,muf& JU t&nftcsif; yJ/
'Dvkd t&nftcsif;eJY ta&twGuf ndEIdif ;NyD ; jynfhpHk pGm yl;aygif; rI
tajctaea&mufatmif yl;aygif;rI[ m tEkynm&yfwkdi f;&J U t"duvuPmyJ/
uAsmrSm jzpf jzpf ? uBudK;uuGu frSm jzpf jzpf ? [if; csufwJhtcg? rdef; rysKd rsm;&J U
t0wfwefqm qif,if rIpwJh b,ftEkynm&yf rSmjzpf jzpf xdyfwef;vuPm taeeJY
&Sdw,f/
yef;csD rSm uRef awmfwd kUrsufpdudk ta&mif t&ihf tawmuft&JeJ U <u,f0wJh
ta&mifawG[m ydkrd kvIHUaqmfEk difpG rf;&S dw,f/ 'kwd,taeeJU rsufESm jyif rsm;rsm;
,lxm;wJh ta&mif eJY j'yfa wG[m vIHYaqmftm;BuD;w,f/ 'gukd uRefawmfwd kYu
odxm;wJhtcg yef;csDwpfcsyf&J U tav;csdefuk dufrIuk d 'Dta&mifr sm;&J U t&nftcsif;eJ U
ta&twGuf ndEIdif;ay;NyD; xdef;odrf;&r,f/ a&mif jyifawGeJY qGJw Jh umvm&pfZif; vdk
yef;csD rsKd;rSm ta&mif tEk? t&ifh rsufESm jyif, lrIawG[ m ydkrdk ta&;ygw,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

36

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yef;csDw pfcsyfrSm tvif ;eJUtarSmifq dkwJh t"du 0da&m"dygw,f/ a&mif jyif y J


jzpfjzpf ygwmyJ/ 'D0da&m"dudk yl;aygif;n dEIdi f;rI (Texture) ac:wJh trm? taysmh
ndEIdif; rI/ 'gawG[m yef;csD&JU qef Uusifbufrsm; aygif;pnf; rI awGyJ/
uRefawmf wifjyNyD ;cJhovdk teDa&mifwpfckudk rlva&miftjzpf xm;r,f/
olU&J U rsufESm jyifudkvnf; owfrSwfw,f/ olU&JU tiftm;udkvnf; owfr Swfw,f/
tJ'Daemuf tjymEku dk axmufyHha&miftjzpf oHk;zdkY owfrSw f w,fqdk&if teDe JY
tEky#davmr uswJh tiftm;eJY rsuf ESm jyif nd EIdif ;rI vdkv mw,f/ 'g[m
tEkynm&yfw kdif; &JU wm0ef jzpfw,f/ 'Dvdkt&nftcsif; eJY ta&twGufu kd
jynfhp HkpGm aygif;pnf ;rItajctaea&mufawmif nd EIdif ; Edki fpGrf ;[m yef;csDo rm;&J U
todPfeJU tawGYtBuHKu oifa y;vdkuf rSmyJ/

Typing

Inc ubuz

37

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

38

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

uAsmwpfy k'frS m bmaMumifh um&efawG ygaewmvJ/ oDcsif; rSm aum


(Key) taygufawG bmaMumifh &Sd&wmvJ/
'g[m arhavsmhxm;MuwJ h xdyfwef ;ar;cG ef;wpf ckyJ/ 'gudk t&if;
tjrpfusatmif qk yfukdi fEkdi f&if uRefawmfwd kY pdwZyef;csD &JU jyemwpf&yf u kd
ajz&Si f;Ekd ifrSm yJ/ 'g[m tEkynm&yfwkd if;&J U t"du toGifwpf&yf jzpfwJ h (Key)&JU
t&if;tjrpfvnf; jzpfw ,f/ 'Dar;cGe f;udk av;av;eufeuf ar;Munf hzkdY vdk ygw,f/
'DtwGuf uRefawmfhrS m tajzwpfck &S dygw,f/ tEkynm&yfwkdif ;&JU rlv
taMumif;cH[m
uRefawmfwif jycJ hovdk
nDnGw frIyJ/
uRefawmfwdk Y[m
obm0wGif; rSm &Sdw Jh pepfawGu dk ykdrd knDnGwfatmif zefwD;wm[m tEkynmyJ/ ydkr kd
jynfhp Hkatmif zefwD ;rIeJY ywfoufvdkY uRefawmf tcef; 2 rSm aqG;aEG; cJhNyD;
jzpfygw,f/ nDnGwfr IeJY ywfoufvdkYuawmh tEkynm enf;vrf; tm;vHk; eJYtwl
yef;csD &JU nDnGw frIudk wif jy&rSm jzpfw,f/
tEkynmavmurSm nDnGwfrI (Rhyme)[m awmfawmfav; ajym&cufw Jh
pepfwpf ckyJ/ trsm;pk[ m (Rhyme)ukd um&eftjzpfyJ em;vnf Muw,f/
wu,fawmh (Rhyme) [m pum;Murf;taeeJ Y um&efvdkY ajymMu ayr,fh
rl&if;t"d ym,f[ m nDnGwfa jyjypfrI (Sameness)yJ jzpfw,f/ pepfw pfckr Sm
[kd[mu wpfrsKd ;? 'D[mu wpfrsKd; jzpfc sifwmawG y&rf;ywm jzpfNyD;aer,fqdk& if
'gukd rnDnGwfbl ;? tEkynm rqefbl;vdkY ajymr,f/'gudk (Rhyme) rJhw,fv dkY
qdkvdkwmyJ/ tEkynmwpf&yfr Sm ol U&JUukd,fy kdif pkpkpnf;pnf; eJY tem;owftwGif;rSm
nDnmajyjypf aewJh pepfwpfc k[m rvGJraoG &Sd&r,f/

tnmt&yf pavNrdK Uu
yavGrIwfw Jh vlwpfa ,muf
Typing

Inc ubuz

39

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

vdkY ajymwJhtcg 'Dpum;awG [m pum;ajymovdk omref pum;awG y J


jzpfr,f/ pkpnf;rIr &dSbJ tEkynm rqefwJh pum;pkyJ jzpfaerS myJ/ 'Dvdk ajymwJh
tcgrSmvnf; vlawG&J U pdwf0 ifpm;rI? ESp foufrIu dk csKyfu kdifE kdifr Sm r[kwfbl ;/
'gudk nDnGwfatmif ajyjypfatmif ...
pav tnmu yavGq &m vkdY uRefawmfwdkYu ajymvdkufw,f/ 'DtcgrSm
pmaMumif;ES pfaMumif; &J U toHxGuf xyf wlrI (Sameness)[m pmaMumif;awG u kd
nDnGwfapw,f/ 'DnDn GwfrI[ m vlawG&J U pdwZrSm csKyf ukdif Ekdif pGrf; &S dvmNyD;
vlawGukd ESpf ouf apw,f/ 'g[m tEkynm&J U oabmyJ/
tEkynmwpf& yf[m abmiftwGif; rSm&S dwJh pepfawGuk d nDnD nGwfn Gw f
&Sdaezdk Y aqmif& Gufcsufw pfckvnf; jzpf w,f/
txl;ojzihf uAsm&JU nDnGw frI (Rhyme) oabmukd avhvm Munfh& if
uaeY uRefawmfw dkY jrefrmjynfrS m uAsm&J JU nDnGw frI[m um&ef nDw,fqd kwm
awGU&w,f/ um&ef[m uAsmwpfyk'f udk csKyfukdifx m;wmyJ/ uAsm wpfyk'f u kd
pyfqdkwJ htcgrSm omrefpum;vdk y&rf;ywm jzpfvdk Yr&bl ;/ rnDrnmeJY
jzpfuwwf qef; vk yfvkYdvnf; r&bl ;/ 'Dvdk a&;r,fqdk& ifvnf; uAsm[m tEk ynm
oabmukd aqmifrS mr[kwfb l;/ tEkynmwpf&yf& JU pepfwkd if;[m a&SUaemuf 0J,m
nDnGwfrI (Rhyme)&Sd&r,f/ 'Dvdk nDnGw frI rsm;udk uRefawmfwdkY bkd;bGm;rsm;u
bmeJY zefwD ;cJh MuovJ/
uAsmrSm &SdwJh pmaMumif;wpfaMumif;[m wjcm; pmaMumif;awGeJY nDn Gw f
ae&r,f/ uAsmwpfyk' f&JU pkpnf; rItwGif;rSmpmaMumif;awG[ m nDnGwf ae&r,f/
'Dvdk nDnGwfr Iukd b,fvd k zefwD;EkdifovJ/
uRefawmfw dkY&J U bkd;bGm;rsm;[m toHxGu fcsif ; xyfrI [m &Gwf qdkrI rSm vHk ;0
ajyjypfw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'g[m pmaMumif ;wdkif ;&JU nDnGwf rIudk vH;k 0 xd ef;od rf;
xm;Ekdi fwm awGU&w,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

40

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

aemufydk if;rS m ykdrdkus,fjyefYwJh toHxyfr I yHkpHawG ay:vmNyD; um&ef[m


wkd;wufvmcJhw,f
uRefawmfw dkYacwf rSmawmh Oa&myEk difiH rsm;rSm um&ef roHk;awmhygbl;/
olwdkU[m rsuf jrif nDnGwf rIxuf pmaMumif; &JU zGJYp nf;yH k nDnGwfrIukd ydk r dk
tom;ay; pyfqdkvmygw,f/ b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf uAsmwpf yk'f[ m nDnGwf rIrJhvdk U
r&bl;/
aemuf *DweJYywfoufvdk U aw;oGm;wpfckukd b,fvdk pyfq dkwD;rIw f
w,fqdkwm pOf;pm;Munf h&atmif/ uRefawmfwk dY jrefrmjynfr Sm oDc sif;wpfyk'f ukd
ig;aygufeJY wD;Muw,f/ oHrSefponf (Key) awG &Sdw,f/ Oa&myrSm vnf; C. Key
D. Key ponfjzihf &SdwmyJ/ aw;oGm;wpfckukd ig;ayguf eJU

Typing

Inc ubuz

41

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

(yHk) - yDumqdkudk ur mausmfa pcJhaom *Gm&meD umyef ;csDu m;BuD ;pyde fjynf jycef;
(urmuke fpnf jyyGJ 1939ck ESpf ? jyifo pfjynf? yJ&pfNrd KU) awYG&yHk

wD;r,fqdk &if r,f'vifuvnf; ig;aygufoHeYJ wD;r,f/ wa,mvnf;


ig;aygufoHeJY wD; r,f/ qdkoluvnf; ig;aygufoHe JYyJ qd k&w,f/ r,f'vifu
ig;aygufoHeJYwD ;? wa,mu ajcmufaygufeJ Y wD;NyD; qdko lu oHrSefe JYqdkv dkY
b,fawmhrS r&bl;/ 'D vkd wuG Jwjym;pD wD ;rIwfv kdY r&ygbl;/ 'g[m aw;oG m;
pepfwpf ckvHk; &JU nDnGwf rIyJ/ tayguf (Key)[m uAsm&JUum&efvdk aw;oGm;udk
csKyfukd ifxm;wJh nDnGwfrI vuPmyJ/ *DwwpfckrS m Key ukd a&SmifvkdU r&bl;/
'DtcgrSm *Dw&J U Keytayguf[m uAsm&JU um&efvdk nDnGwfr Iudk zef wD;
o,faqmifx m;wmud k uRefawmfw kdY aumuf csufcsvdk Y &vmw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

42

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

ckacwf Oa&myrSm [pfyD; ,Ofaus;rIawG[m awmfawmfav;


vIyf&Sm ;cJhw,f/ txl;ojzih f *DweJY yef ;csDyk dif;uk d kdufcwfc Jhw,f/ Oa&my
aw;oGm;awG[ mvnf; [pfy D;awG& JU awmfvS efrIa Mumif h tpOftvmuaeNyD;
xGufvmw,f/ Keywpf ckwnf;rSm wD;rIwfMuayr,fh Key wpfckeJYwpfck Mum;u
toHawG? tjcm; Keyu toHawGudk a&mxnfh Muw,f/ 'Dvdk a&mxnfhwJ htcgrSm
nDnGwfrI[ m ydkrdk tm;aumif;vmw,f/ Key rwlwJh oHp OfawGuk d Key wpfckw nf;
jzpfatmif zGJY&wJhtwGuf aw;oG m;&J U cdkif rm rI[m vGefqGJw JhoabmeJY ydk r kd
tm;aumif;wm jzpfw,f/
rdef;ri,fawG&J U 0wf pm;qif,ifrI eJY tcrf ;tem;jyifqifrI
awGrSmawmif Key oabm[m csKyfu kdifw m awGU&w,f/

(Decoration)

uRefawmfw dkU jrefrmjynfrS m rdef;uav;awG[m tay:u tjymEk 0wfN yD;


atmufu tjym&ih fudk (wu,f vdkY ol[m wefqmqifaewm jzpf&if)
0wfwwfw,f/ a&G;cs,fcG ifh r&S dolawGe JY omref t0wftxnf taeeJY 0wfo lawG
uawmh 'Davmuf EIduf EIduf cRwfcRwf rqif,if Muygbl;/ wpfcgwpf&Hr Sm tay:u
tpdrf;a&mif tyGihfav;awG0wf NyD; atmufu tpd rf;&if h tyGihf BuD;awG 0wfwwf
w,f/ 'gawG[m yef;csD Key&J U oabm awGyJ/ wpf cgwpf&H *Dw &JU KeyeJY uAsm&J U
um&ef ET,fwJh 0wfqifrIrsKd; awGvnf; awGU&w,f/ tay:u uefYvefYpif ;?
atmufu a'gifvdkufpif ; awG 0wfMuwmrsKd;/ 'Dvkd 0wfqifrIrS m Key oabmawG
awGU&w,f/ Oa&my (aiGaMu;wwfEk difolawG&JU) 0wfp m;wefq m qif, ifrIr Sm
ydkrkdus,fjyefYwJh Key udk awGY&w,f/
olwkdUawG[m *g0efukd yef;Eka&mif0wfNyD ; OD;xkyf ? vufudkiftdw f? zdeyf?
ykdufqHtdwfe JY vufuk dify0guk dyg yef;Eka&mifoHk;wwf w,f/ ykdNyD; wwfE kdifol awGu
um;udkyg yef;Eka&mif pD;w,f/ ol[m yef; Eka&mif Keyukd oHk; vdkufw myJ/
tcrf;tem; jyifqifr I DecorationrS mvnf; Key&Sdw,f/ tcef;wpfcku kd
acwfrDenf ;eJY jyifq ifr,fq kd&if tJ' Dtcef;xJ rSm a&S;a[mif; aow mwpfck u kd
Typing

Inc ubuz

43

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

awGY&rSm r[kw fbl;/ acwfrD pm;yGJ ? ukvm;xdk if? acwfrD a&'D,dkeJ Y acwfr D
cef;qD;rsKd;eJY wefqmqifrSmyJ/ 18 &mpkyHkpHe JY jyifq ifNyD qkd&ifvnf; tJ'Dtcef;xJr Sm
aemufqHk; ay: oHjzLukvm;xdkif ? rmusL&Dr D;wdkY awGU&rSm r[kwfbl;/ yGwfvHk;wyf
ukvm;xdki f 'grSr[kwf om;a&cif ;? yef;qGJ rD;tdrfe JY opfom;ADdk BuD;rsKd;awG e JY
wefqmqif rSmyJ/ 'Dv kd Key ygwJh jyifqifrI rsKd;awG[m Oa&myrS mawmfawmf
acwfpm;w,f/ uRefawmfw dkY jrefrmjynfr Smawmh tcrf;tem; jyifqifrIukd 'gavmuf
tav;rxm;Mu ygbl;/
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jzpfw,fq dkwmygyJ/

Typing

Inc ubuz

44

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

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Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

45

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

46

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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udk,fykd i f

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Typing

Inc ubuz

47

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'DuAsm 2 ykd'fukd zwf Munfh &if uAsmorm;[m pmzwfolawGu dk


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Typing

Inc ubuz

48

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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ta&;tBuD;qHk; jzpfw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

49

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

50

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

vlawG[m yef; csDum;csyfawG udk Munfh csifw,f/ MunfhIrIrSmvnf;


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Inc ubuz

51

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yef;csDq dkwm bmvJ/


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h J
Typing

Inc ubuz

52

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

qGJrS tm;aumif; r,fxif &if rxnfhbJ qGJ &rSmyJ/ 'Da&mifjyifeJ YyJ jzpfjzpf?
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bmvJvkdY tajzxkwf&rS m jzpfw ,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

53

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yef;csDu m;wpfcsyfq dkwm bmvJ/


qDaq;&,f? pkwfwH &,f oHk; NyD; uif;bwf ay:rSm a&;xm;wmudk
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omrn tukdif;tcufawGy J jzpfw,f/ uRefawmfw dkYu yifpnfu kd &Sm&rS m jzpfw,f/
uRefawmfw ifjycJhwJh yef;csD &JU t"dy m,f[mvnf; rcJ,Of ;ygbl;/
puKtmHkuwpfqifh pdwZudk EId ;qGzdk Y zefwD;xm;wJh abmif tem;owf
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yef;csDu m;csyfqdkwJh t"dy m,f&J U abmif[m 'gyJ/ 'g[m yef;csD wpfcsyf&J U
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us,f0ef;oGm;w,f/
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&,frdMur,f/ 'Dvkdqdk&if 'g[m uRefawmfwdkY&J U tjrifrus,f rIbJ jzpfr SmyJ/
b,fvdkenf; eJYyJ zefwD ;wmjzpfjzpf Munfhol& JU tmHkudk csKyfu kdif vI yf&S m;Ekd ifpGr f;&Sd& if
zefwD;csuf[m wefzkd; &Sdr SmyJ/ uRefawmfw dkY[m yef;csD eJY yef;csDum;&JU t"dym,f u dk
arhavsmhx m;vdkY rjzpfb l;/
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yef;csDo rm;u wif jyNyD; y&dowfuk d csKyfuk difzd kY BudK;pm;r,f/ 'Dvdk wif jyzdk U
zefwD;wJ htcgrSm pkwf eJY qGJ &r,fvd kY owfrSw fxm;vd kY rjzpfbl;/ csKyfudk i f
tm;aumif;r,fqdk& if vuf 5 acsmif ;eJY qGJvnf; jzpf wmyJ/ "m; ( Plette Knife)
okH;vnf; jzpfwmyJ/ rD;jcpf qHav;awG oHk;vnf ; jzpfw myJ/ opfom; jym;awG u dk
wG,fuyfNyD; wifjyvnf; &w,f/ uwfxljym;awG ? puLawG? t0wfpkw fawG
oHk;vnf; jzpfw ,f/ ta&;BuD;wmu vl&JU pdwZud k csKyfukdi fEkdi fzdkY yJ r[kwfvm;/
'Dvkd csKyf ukdif Ekdif zdkUtwGu f b,fenf;vrf;[myJ jzpf jzpf rSe fuefw,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

54

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

uRefawmfw kdYu acwfa&vsOfudk rsufjcnf rjywfzdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/


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b,fenf;emeJYqG Jxm;wmyJ jzpf jzpf uRefawmf wdkYu yef ;csDum;aumif ;vdkY owfr Sw f
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ylyefrI eJY awmifawmiftDtD pOf; pm;rI awGudk arhavsmhapNyD; yef;csDu m; rSm yJ
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vufeufyJ/ yef ;csDwpfcsyf &JU *kPfj'yf yJ/ Munfh oludk thH MorI jzpfa pwm
yef;csDw pfcsyf&JU pG rf;&nf yJ/
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ajcaxmuf udk;acsmif; eJY acgif;ckepfvHk; &SdwJ h uav;wpfa,muf &JU rsufvSnf hyGJr Sm
tHMh orIrsKd;vnf; r[kw fbl;/ MumjzLav;wpfyGih f yGihfvmwmukd reufc if;
jrLrI efawG Mum;xJ rSm awGUvdku f&wJh thHMorI rsKd;/ 'DtcsdefrS m apwem? a0'empwJh
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w'*Ftm;jzihf twudk z,fc Gmvdku fwJh oabmyJ/ tEkynm&JU pG rf;&nf[m
w'*Ftm;jzihf twukd tEkdif ,lvdkuf wmyJ/ 'g[m tEkynm&J U csKyfudkif rI pGrf; &nf
jzpfw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

55

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

56

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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enf;vrf;awG[m 'D vkd csKyfukd ifrI& JU vuf wufawGy J jzpf w,f/ 'gayr,f h t"du
yHkpHtm;jzihf csKyfudk ifrI enf; em[m tMurf;tm;jzihf oHk; rsKd;yJ cGJvdkY &w,f/
'gawGuawmh
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2/ vl&JU todPfudk csKyfukdif rI
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nDnGwfrIa wGudk yef; csD orm;&J U zefwD;csufawGeJ Y a&mpGufwifjywmyJqd kwm
arhavsmhr oGm;zdkU vdkygw,f/
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aygif;pyfr IeJY aygif;pyfrI tcsKd;tpm;ygyJ/ usaemfwifjycJhovk d ta&mifrsm;ukd
trsm;BuD; taxmufftyHh ay;wmu zGJ Upnf; rIyJ/ zGJ Upnf; rI ckdi f&if cdkifoavmuf
Typing

Inc ubuz

57

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yef;csDu m;[m tm;aumif;vmr,f/ j'yfx kawGukd tcsKd;tpm;


a&;qGJwJhtcgrS mawmh zGJ Upnf ;rI[m t"dutiftm; jzpfvmw,f/

jyKjyifNyD;

aemufwpf ck yef;csDorm;awG oHk;avh &Sdwmu enf;vrf; ac:wJh Technique


ygyJ/ enf;vrf; trsKd;rsKd;ud k a&marT NyD; ydkrdk tm;aumif;atmif zefwD; Muw,f/
ay:OD;oufqkd &if yHkESd yfenf;udk olY&JU yef; csDum;awGrSm oHk;pGJxm;wm awGU&w,f/
'Dvkd oHk; pGJrI [m wjcm;enf ;em wpf&yfxuf tm;aumif ; vmwm awGY&ygw,f/
ydkrdk NyD; tm;aumif;vmEkdi fwJh txltyg;? tus,ft0ef;? tMurf;tacsmpwJh
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'Dvkd csKyfukdi fMu&mrSm enf;trsKd; rsKd;ukd qHk; jzwfw Jhtwdkif; vkyfaqmif
Muw,f/ wcsKd Uuawmh omref t0wftqifudk yJ 0wfqifMuw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D v dk
obm0twkdif; wifjywJhtcgrSm obm0&JU tvSty[m rSde faer,f/ wdrf aer,f/
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ypnf;awGu kd oHk;r,f/ 'gawGudk rlv ukefMurf ;jzpfwJh rdef; r&JU j'yfxkeJ U
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Typing

Inc ubuz

58

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Dvdk yl;aygif;wJ htcgrSm rlv ukefMurf ;jzpfwJh rdef;r&JU j'yf xk[m ydkNyD;
tm;aumif;vmw,f/ csKyfukdi frI pGrf;tif ykd NyD; BuD;vmw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dv dk
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qif&mrS m qifol&J U pGrf; &nf vdkw,f/ qifwwf rS vSw,f/
qifwwfol[m tvSqHk ; jzpfw,f/
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uswJh axmuf yHhuke fMurf; a&G; cs,frIa wGyJ/ 'Dvd k a&G;cs,fwJh tcgrS m tEky#davmr
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a&G;cs,f NyD; qifwJ htcgrSm trJom;[if ;ukd rqvm xnfhovdk rlvukef Murf; ukd
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pm;yghrvm;/ b,favmuf Mumatmif 'Dyef;tkd;av;u vlawGudk zrf;csKyf
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Mum&Snf &yf MunfhaerSm r[kwf ygbl;/ 'Dudp[m omrnygyJ/
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cHvmw,f/ tajctaeu xl;xl; jcm;jcm;BuD ;udk ajymif;vJoGm;w,f/ yef;tdk;
tppfwkef;u vlawGp dwfr0ifpm;MubJ wefzdk ;rBuD ;jrihfbJ 'Dyef ;tkd;udk qGJxm;wJh
Typing

Inc ubuz

59

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yef;csDu m;usrS bmvdkY pdwf0 ifpm;Mu? wef zdk;xm; MuwmwH k;/ 'g[m pOf;pm;p&myJ/
tajzu &Sif;ygw,f/ vlawG[m yef; csD um;xJu yef;td k;udk pdwf0 ifpm;wm
r[kwfbJ yef ;csDorm;&J U tEkynm zefwD;rIukdom pdwf0if pm;wm jzpfv dkYygyJ/
wu,fawmh vla wG[m yef;tdk;ud k rMunfhygbl;/ rsuf pd&Sdv kdYom jrif ae&w,f/
yef;tkd;ukd vHk; 0 rMunfhygbl;/ olwdkYawG [m yef;csDo rm;&JU tEkynm
zefwD;rI ukdom Munfh wmyg/ wu,fvdkYom yef;tdk;ud k Munfhcsifwmqdk &if wu,fh
yef;tdk;avmuf tppfeJYwlw m b,f&SdrvJ/ yef;tdk; tppfukdyJ MunfhMurSmaygh/
trSefuawmh yef ;tkd;[m Mum;cHy pnf; oufouf yJ/ omrnypnf ;yJ/
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csKyfukd ifrI pGrf; &nf? yef;csDorm;&JU psmef/ 'gudk em;vnf&if yef;csDwpfcsyfudk ydkN yD;
cHpm;vmrSmyJ/ bmaMumifhv Jqdkawmh wlvm;? rwlv m; Munfhwwf wJh Ofa[mif;
csKyfNidrf; oG m;rSm rdkYygyJ/
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yef;csD &JU vGw fvyfa&;[m 'Dr Sm pwmygyJ/ 'geJY ywfouf NyD; yef;csDo rm; *dk *if&J U
pum;wpfc Gef;uk d udk;um;vdkygw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

60

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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pHjyud k uefUvef YumeJ Y zHk;xm;vdkufyg/ pdwful;eJY qGJwmu ykd NyD; aumif;w,f/
bmaMumifhvJqd kawmh 'grS yef; csD um;csyf[m yef ;csDorm;&J U ukd,fyk dif jzpfvmr,f}}

cif0rf; -wJE SpfwJ


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r[kwfbJ ukd,fwk dif tvSty zefwD;Ekd ifpG rf;&Sd vdkY yef; csDum;[m vSvmr,fv dkY
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u'ifpuD;wkdU[m 'Dvdk tawG;tac:udk acgif;aqmifcJh w,f/ MunfholawG [m
Typing

Inc ubuz

61

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yef;tdk;udk Mum;cHxm;NyD; yef;csDorm;&JU zefwD; pGrf;tm;udk MunfhIwmqdk& if


yef;tkd;udk qGJraeeJYawmh zefwD;pG rf;tm;ouf oufyJ qGJr,fq dkNyD; a&mifjyif
oabmeJY kyfrJh j'yfrJ h yef;csD awG qGJvmMuw,f/
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oufoufukd wifjyvd kufawmh rsufp djymoGm;w,f/ em;rvnf Ekdif jzpfo Gm; w,f/
'gayr,fh aemufa wmh Munf husifh &SdNyD; BudK ufvmMuwmygyJ/
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usaemfh rif jcpf yef;csDwpfc syf wifjyxm;ygw,f/ 'Dyef;csDc syfrS m wJav;ESp fwJyHk u dk
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wJwpfvHk; pD&J U [efudk NcHKrd iHk rdatmif jyefpyf ,lw,f/ 'Dvkd jyefNyD; aygif;pyf w Jh
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qGJom;enf ;ukd us,fu s,fjyefY jyefY oH k;pGJ Ekdif Muwm awG Y&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk NzdK cGJNyD;
Typing

Inc ubuz

62

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

jyefvnf aygif;pyfw Jhyef ;csDum;awG[m a&mif jyif tao;tBuD ; aygif;pyf rI tay:rSm


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awGY&w,f/
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(tcsKd;tpm; aoGznfoihf &ifvnf; aoG znfzd kY) yef; csDorm;rSm wm0ef&Sd w,f/
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oabm[m us,fus,f jyef UjyefU ygvmw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

63

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yDu mqdk - jrif;wpfaumif


Picasso - Head of a Horse (1937)

Typing

Inc ubuz

64

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

av;zufjrifoabmukd &dy frdzd kY yDu mqdk&J U jrif;wpfaumif acgif;qdkw Jh


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Typing

Inc ubuz

65

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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tcsKd ;tpm;

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xm;cJhNyD;

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vlawGtaeeJY IyfaxG; rIawG jzpfvmwmyJ/

Typing

Inc ubuz

66

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yDu mqdk- *Gm&meDum Picasso - Guernica (1937)

Typing

Inc ubuz

67

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'geJY ywfoufNyD; jrefrmjynfrS m tpGef;ESpf zuf awGY&ygw,f/ yef;csD&J U


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yef;csDo rm;wcsKdU&JU
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r&Sdbl;/ 'Dvdk ajymwmvnf; vHk;0t"d ym,f r&Sdbl;/ 'gawG[m &,fp&mawGy J/

Typing

Inc ubuz

68

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

t,fvufZ if;'g;'dkife ufcg; - yDxdk*&uf


Alexander Deineka - Petrograds ( 1928 )

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okyfazmfMuwmawG usaemfwkdY ed p"l0 awGYa eMu&ygw,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

69

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

rHk&Gm0if;az&JU uAsmwpfyk 'frSm

tdrfBuD;&SifawG ? ckdif; aporQ


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om;aumif wifpm;rIrsKd;awmh r&Sd Ekdif ygbl;/ tEkynmxJu Zmwfaumif
Typing

Inc ubuz

70

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

wpfaumifu kd MunfhNyD; a0zefykdi f;jcm;olu pepfwpfckvHk ;udk NcHK Munfh&if 'g[m


yk*vdu oabmyJ jzpfr SmyJ/
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qif;&Jyifyef; rIudk okyfay:atmif yef; csDtEkynmoabmeJY zrf;csKyfEd kifpG rf;
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wifjyxm;ygw,f/
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bmtbd"rm vQKd U0Su frIawG rS r&SdE kdifbl ;qdkwm &S if;ygw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

71

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

[ife&Dr dk; - a&ajrmif; xJuppfajy;awG


Henry Moore - Servioers in the Tube (1941)

aemufqHk; okyfazmfrI yef;csD eJY ywfoufw Jh tqpftykdif; uawmh yDu mqdk&J U


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xifMuw,f/ trSefuawmh Nidrf; csrf;a&; csKd; jzL[m bmoma&; oauFw
wpfckomyJ jzpfw,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

72

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Dtcsufukd or musrf; pm (The Holy Bible)&JU urm OD;usrf; tcef;BuD; 8?


tcef;i,f 1 u 12 rSm txift&Sm; awGY&w,f/

(8)
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9
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Typing

Inc ubuz

73

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

10 xJodkY oGif;av\/ wpfzef ckepf&ufaeNyD; rS


11 xkdcsKd;udk oabFmxJu vTwf jyef\/ nOD;tcsdef csKd; onf
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csKyfukd ifEkd ifpGr f; &Sdvmapw,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

74

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

ta&SU*smreDu yef;csDorm; tkdwdky ifaumuf (Otto Pankok) &JU opfxGif;


yef;csDw pfcsyfukd wif jyvdkuf ygw,f/ eD*dk; uav;wpfa,muf &JU yHk ygyJ/

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75

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76

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77

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http://mmcp community. net

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78

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http://mmcp community. net

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81

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

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toHk;jyKzefrsm;vmawmh 'DjrifuG if;awG[ m tEkynmjrifu Gif;awG jzpfvmw,f/
vlawGukdvnf ; xyfzefwvJv J dkufcwf vmw,f/ tEkynmeJY eD;pyfolwkd if; ydkNyD;
dkufcwfcH&w,f/
uAsmxJrS mvnf; &Gufa <uawmawG? vrkdu fnawG? zke f;qdk; ajrawG?
naecif;awG/ 'gawG&JU tvSBuD; rI? vrf; pzG,f jzpf rI? txD;usefqefrI/ oDcsif;
xJrSmvnf; 'gyJ/ tJ'Dtcgusawmh 'Dvdk xyfzefwvJvJ dkufcwfc H& wJh vlawG[m
'Djrif uGif;awG awGYwk dif; pdwfvIy f&Sm;Muw,f/ ukd, fhb0eJ Y [yf NyD; cHpm;vd ku f
Muw,f/ 'Doabm[m yef;csDtEkynmrSm us,fus,f jyefY jyef Y oHk;pGJ vmwJh oabmyJ
jzpfw,f/ 'DjrifuG if;rsKd;awG[ m pdwftmHkudk vIyf &Sm;rI BuD;apw,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

84

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

aemufNyD; obm0w&m;udk vlawGutHhMorI? av;pm;rI? aMumuf&GH UrIawG e JY


MunfhMuw,f/ urmOD;rSm todPfu Eke,fNyD; pdwZ rzGH UNzd K;csd efrSm obm0[m
udk;uG,fp &m jzpfcJhw,f/
acwftqufquf wkd; wufvmcJhayr,fh vlawG &JU pd wfrSm 'gawG[m
udef;atmif; aeqJyJ/ rkd ;Bud K;wkd U? rke fwkdif ;wkdY vQyfpD;vufwmwdkY ? vIdif ;BuD ; wmwkdY/
'grsKd;awG[ mvnf; vl& JU pdw ftmkHudk vIyf &Sm;apEkdif w,f/ xl;jcm; tHhMo&wJh
cHpm;rI ukd ay;Ek difw,f/ 'gawGukd yef ;csDr Sm ,loHk;vmw,f/
usaemf wifjycJhw Jh enf; 3 enf;[m b,fyef; csDum;csyf jzpfjzpf
ajy;rvGw fwJh enf;awGyJ/ 'Denf;vrf ;tjyifu wif jywJh yef ;csDenf; awG usaemf
rawGUzl ;ao;bl;/ yef;csDwpfc syf[m pu KtmHkukd csKyfu kdif ? 'grSr[kwf todPfu dk
csKyfukd if 'grS r[kwf& ifawmh pdw Zukd csKyfukdif/ 'Dvd kyJ csKyfukdifv dkU &r,f/
'Denf;vrf;BuD ; 3 oG,fatmufrSm xif&S m;wJh enf;vufwufav; awG
rsm;pGm &Sdygw,f/ 'gawGukdvnf; usaemf vufv Srf;rD oa&GU wifjy ygr,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

85

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

86

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

pdwZyef; csDtm;vH k;&J U wkd;wuf rIt&Sde fukd tify &uf&Si f;yef ;csD awmfvSefa &;
u wGef;yd kUcJ hwm jzpfw,f/ dk;&mpGJ usyfwnf; csKyf aESmifrIawGu dk kef;uefcsefx m;cJh w Jh
yxrqHk; pdwZyef ;csD jzpfvd kY ol&J U vuPmeJ U tawG; tac:udk yxrpNyD;
avhvmzdkY vd kygw,f/
tify&uf&Si f;yef ;csD&J U bdk;atuawmh ulab; Coubet jzpfw,f/ olY&JU
]ausmufwHk;cGJolrsm;} udk wifjyxm;w,f/ ulab;[m yef; csD&J U t,loD;rI u kd
azsmufzsuf ausmfxGufcJ hwmyJ/ 'Dht&ifu yef;csDcsyf awG[m bk&ifawG? r;rwfawG?
ewfzk&m;awG? ol&Ja umif;awG&J U crf;em;xnf0grI? ukHv Hk<u,f 0rIuk d azmfusL;wJh
yef;csDawGyJ jzpfcJhw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

87

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

ulab;u yef;csDwpfcsyf[m tvkyf Murf;orm;awGu dk a&;qGJv nf; jzpfwm


ygyJvdkY oufaojycJhw ,f/ olU&J U yef;csDum;[m b0okyfazmf yef;csD jzpfvmw,f/
'DawmfvS efa&;[m olYaemuf yef;csDq&mawG udk vTrf; rdk;cJhw,f/ tEkynm&J U
tawG;tac:rSefeJY vG wfvyfr ItarGudk ay;cJhw,f/ ulab;[m pdwZyef ;csD&J U
bdk;atyJ/ ol[m pdwZyef ;csD& JU tazawGudk arG;xkwfa y;vdkuf w,f/
ulab;&JU 0g'u rsufpda&SUrS m (ukd,f hywf0 ef;usifrSm) &Sdwmud kyJ qGJ/
pdwful;w,Of,Ofe JU rqGJeJY qdkwJh vufawGY b0eJY pyf[yfa&; oabm w&m;yJ/
'gaMumifh ulab;[m aus;awmom;awG? v,fapmifhw JawG? tvkyf Murf;orm;
awGudk qGJcJhw,f/ txufwef;vTm&J U ]jrifh jrwfaom yef;csD um;rsm;}
tawG;tac:u kef;xGufc Jhw,f/
olU&J U rsufjrifa&;qGJa&; 0g'[m olUaemufa y: rmae; (Manet ) udk
tify&uf&Si f;0g'rsKd;aph csay;cJ hw,f/ rmae; vuf &mawG[ m ulab;&J U
enf;emawGukd qufcHw,fvdkY a0zefMuayr,hf ulab;xuf ydkNyD; &Sif; wJh
jrifuG if;awG qJGcJ hw,f/ ykdNyD ; &J&ihfwJ hta&mif aygif;pyfrIawGvnf; oHk;Ek difcJ h w,f/
rmae;&J U yavGorm; The Fife Player qdkwJh yef ;csDum;csky f[m zGJYpnf; rI
dk;om;Hkwifru aemufcH vHk; 0 rxnfhbJ ajAmif csefx m;cJhw,f/ 'g[m olUt&if
yef;csDq &mawG rvky f&JwJhu dpyJ/ 'gukd rmae;u jzpf atmif vkyf cJhw,f/
aemufcHawG bmawG rvd kygbl;/ usKyf qG Jcsifw mu yavGorm;yJ/ yavGo rm;udk y J
qGJr,fqdkw Jh oabmw&m;awGuk d 'Dyef ;csDum;rSm &J &J&if h&ihf wifjyvd kufw,f/
'DyavGorm;&J U wifjyrI &J&ih fyHk[ m tify&uf&Sif ;enf;em awGudk tawmfvTrf;rdk;
oGm;cJhw,f/ aemufNyD; a&mif jyifawGukdv nf; us,fus,f jyef UjyefU oHk;wJh oabmrsKd;
rmae;u a&;qG JcJhw,f/ aemuf cHum;[m wpfa&mif wnf;? yavGo rm;&J U
,leDazmif;vnf; wpfa &mifwnf;/ ta&mif tul taxmuf vkyfxm;wmqdkv kdY
rsufESmavmufyJ &Sdawmhr,f/ ulab;&J U ]ausmuf cGJorm;} eJU ,SOf Munfh& if
a&mifjyifawG ydk rsm;vmwmudk awGY &w,f/ 'Denf;[mvnf; tify&uf& Sif;yef;csD u dk
vTrf;rdk ;cJhw myJ/
Typing

Inc ubuz

88

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

rmae;&J U urmausmf tdkvHyD,mu rsuf jrifa&mifawGukd a&mif jyifo abm


zGJUpnf ;Ekdi frIeJ Y wifjyEdkif cJhvd kY tify&uf& Sif;orm;awGu t&rf ;tm;us oGm;Muw,f/
'DtcsdefrS m tify&uf&Si f;avmif; a&EGm;wdk Y? 'J*g;wdkY ? rkdaewkdY ? avmufx&Jwkd Y[m
yef;csD jycef;awGr Sm yg;pyfw[[eJY wkef;kef; vdkuf Munfh aecsdefaygh/
aemufawmh jyifo pfawmfv Sefa&;&JU &J&ifhw Jh tawG;tac:awG zHk;vTrf;aewJh
tify&uf&Si f;orm;awG wpfpcef;xMuawmhw,f/
olwdkY wpfpcef;xMuawmhvnf ; yef;csD avmu[m wke fvIyfoG m;w,f/
t&ifwkef;u ta&mifawG [m obm0ta&mifawGyJ/ rIdif;w,f/ tify&uf&S if;
orm;awG& JU ta&mifa wG[m &Jw,f? awmuf yw,f/ Oa&my yef;csD a0zef a&;
orm;awGu 'DaumifawG& JU ta&mifawG aMumifh wdkYawG rsufp duef; ygNyDvdk U
ajymMuw,f/ 'Dvdkvnf; ajymp&mygyJ/ olwdkY[m t&ifwkef ;u 'Dv dk
ta&mifrsKd ;awGrS rjrifz l;MuyJ/ olwdkU rsufvHk ;awG[m 'Dta&mifawGu kd rMunfh & J
bl;aygh/ aemufNyD; pkwfcsufawG? tem;owfrsOf ; awG? a&mifjyifawG ygvmw,f/
EknufaewJ h ]taoG;} udkyJ jrif zl;wJ h a0zefa&;orm;awG tHhMoMuw,f/ 'gawG[m
(Out line) yHkMurf; a&;xm; wmawGvm;? 'Dyef;csDum; rNyD;ao;bl; xifw,fv kdY
a&&GwfMuw,f/
b,fvdkyJ Iwfcsa0zefcJ hMuayr,fh tify&uf&Si f;orm;awG[m rSe frSef y J
,HkMunfc suf tjynf heJY vk yfcJh Muw,f/ olwk dY bmawG vkyfw,fqdkwm olwdk UawG
em;vnfw,f/ t,loD;olawG[m wkd;wuf rI&J Ua&S UrSm uefYv efY uefYv efY
vkyfwwfwJh vlawG yJqdk NyD; olwdkY *krpdku fcJhygbl;/ olwdkY& JU vkyf&yf rSef rrSe f
orkdif;u rSw fwrf;wifcJhw mygyJ/
tufy&uf&Sif ;orm;awGuawmh rmae;? rkda e? aqm&uf ? avmuf x&JeJ U
'J*wfwkd Yyg/ olwdkYrSmuk d,fykd if[ef trsKd; rsKd; &S dw,f/ olwdkY&J U a,bk,swlnD rIu
(Tone Value udk Color Tone)tjzpf ajymif;,lr IygyJ/ 'g[m tify&uf&Si f;yef ;csD&J U
xdyfwef;vuPmvnf; jzpfw ,f/ tvif;a&mif[m j'yfxkwpf ckay: uswJhtcgrSm
Typing

Inc ubuz

89

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

jzpfay:vmwJh j'yfxk&J U ta&mif &,f? t&dy f&,fud k Tone oabm azsmufNyD;


ta&mifeJ U qGJwJhtcg jzpf ay:vmwJh Tone Value [m twlwlyJq kdwm olwd kYu
vufawGY qGJjycJhw,f/
qkdvdkwmu vlw pfa,muf &JU rsufESmay:udk tvif;a&mifuswJhtcg
tom;a&mif tndK Ek&,f t&d yfa&mif tnKd& ifh&,f jzpf vmr,f/ 'Dtnd K&ifh ae&mrSm
tjyma&mif? c&rf;a&mifpwJh tndK &ifh eYJ Tone scalewlwJ h ta&mif awGu dk oHk;&if
ydkNyD ; tm;aumif;w,f/ ta&miftm;jzihfvnf ; ydkrdk awmufywJh taMumif ; olwkdUu
vufawGYjycJhw,f/
NyD;awmhvnf; tvif;a&mife JY tom; (Texture) [m yef;csDwpf csyfr Sm
bmrS ta&;rBuD;bl ;vdkY ol wkdY,lq cJhw,f/ yef;uef jym;wpfcsyfukd wifjyr,fqdk& if
tvif;a&mif eJY Texturerygvnf ; jzpfwmyJ/ tvif;a&mif eJU Textureryg wJh
tcgrSm yef;csDu m;[m Opaque tvif;ydw f jzpfoG m;w,f/ 'g[m jrifa eus
r[kwfwJh jrifuGi f;yJ/ 'Dvdktvif ;ydwf Opaque qGJr I[m ykdrk d tm;aumif; wJh
ta&mifeJY zGJ Upnf; rItwGuf rjzpfraevk yf&r,fh oabm &Sdw,f/ tify&uf&S if;
orm;awGu awmufywJh taoG ;eJY tm;aumif;wJh zGJY pnf;rI aemufu dk tpOfwpd ku f
vkdufcJh Muw,f/
j'yfxk wpfckay:rS m tvif;a&mifuswJh tcgrS rlvta&mif&,f?
tvif;a&mif &,f? t&dy f&,f jzpfvmr,f/ 'grS j'yf xkudk usaemfwd kY jrif&r,f/
j'yfxkw kdif; rSm 'Dta&mif 3 ck tNrJygw,f/ wpfzufu vnf; usaewJh
tvif;a&mifa Mumifh usaemfw dkU[m j'yfx k&JU Textureukd jrif&w,f/
tvif;a&mif rygbJ Texture ukd azmfxkwfv dkY r&bl;/ tvif;a&mif&J U
tm;ay:rSm wnfNyD; Texture[m tm;aumif;vmwm jzpfw,f/ tvif;a&mifjyef
tm;BuD;&if TexturermwJh j'yfxk? tvif;a&mif jyef tm;enf ;&if yGa &mif; wJh
j'yfxk ponfjzihf tvif;a&mifukd MunfhNyD; usaemfwd kY rsufpdu Texture udk
zrf;,lw,f/ 'Dawmh tvif;a&mif rxnfhbJ qGJ&if Texture aysmufoG m;a&m/
Typing

Inc ubuz

90

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

Textureukd

Munfhvdk Yr&awmhbl;/ tvif;a&mif rygwmeJY yef; csDum;[m


xkoabmeJY j'yfoabmyJ usef awmhr,f/ tJ'DusefwJh [mawG[m tm;aumif;
vmr,f/
'gaMumifh tify&uf&Si f;orm;awGu tvif;a&mifukd pG efYypfcJh Mu w,f/
tify&uf&Si f;orm;awG[m puKtmHkoufouf vIHUaqmfzdk Y BudK ;pm;olawG
jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh olwkdYawG[m rsufjrif jrif uGif;awGudk ta&mif tm;aumif;
atmif jznfh pGufa&;qGJw,f/ olwd kU&J U yef ;csDum;awG[m rsufjrif awGcsnf;yJ/
olwkdY&J U yef;csDawG[m olwd kY&J U ywf0ef ;usify J/ olwdkU&J U b0 Zmwfvrf;awGyJ/
Oyrm - 'J *wf (Degas) [m qdk&if aysmf yGJpm;HkeJY uyGJ awGrS mom
tcsdefukef cJhw,fq dkwJh taMumif; olYyef; csDum;awGu jycJhw,f/ olYyef; csD
um;awG[m bJav;uacsonfawG? aysmf yGJpm;Hku rdef;rawG? umzDqk dif Icif;awG/
'Dvdk um;rsKd;awGcsnf ;yJ/ txl;ojzifh vrf;ray:rS m 'J*wf r&Sd bl;/ 'gaMumifh
vrf;ay:u Icif; vH k;0 rqG Jbl;/ olUyef;csDum;awG[m num;awG rsm;w,f/ olY&J U
]umzDqkdif uyGJ} ukd wifjyxm;w,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

91

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Dyef;csDum;[m orm;dk;us Icif;yJ/ 'gayr,fh wifjyyHku xl; jcm; w,f/


MunfholawG[m yGJ cif;xJudk a&mufaew,f/ a&mufaewmrS wD;0dkif; &JJU aemuf 2
wef;avmuf rSm a&mufaew,f/ 'Dvdk wif jyenf ;[m odyftouf 0ifw,f/
udk,fwdki f jrif&ovdk cHpm;vm&w,f/ 'Dyef; csDum;rSm rD;a&miftrsKd; rsKd; aMumifh
jzpfay:vmwJh ta&mifawG ukd 'J*wf u ykdify kdif qGJ jyxm;w,f/ vIyf&Sm;rI
jrefwJ htcgrSm j'yfxk ajymif; oGm;wJ h taMumif; (vIy f&Sm;rI) oabmudk
oHk;xm;w,f/ vIyf&S m;rIuk d okyfazmfzdkY pkwfcsuf awG zGm&mBuJaeatmif
Typing

Inc ubuz

92

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

qGJxm;w,f/ yef;csDu m;wpf ckvHk;udk NcHK Munfhvkd uf awmh pkwfcsufawG e JY


wifjyyHkaMumihf yef ;csDum;[m vIyfv Iyf&S m;&Sm ; jzpfa ew,f/ qlnHaew,f/
ta&mifawGuvnf ; vufygbd/ 'Dum;udk Munfh&ol[ m tvkdvdkaysmfvmrSm
trSefyJ/
'Dyef;csDum;[m avmufx&J eJY a&EGm ;wdkYuk d tm;usapcJhw ,f/ a&EGm;&J U
yef;csDu m;awG[ m rdef;uav;awG&J UyHk tawmfrsm;w,f/ txl;ojzihf rdef;uav;awG
aysmfaysmf&Ti f&Tif &,farmaewhJy HkawG ?
0wfaumif;pm;vSeJ Y
oGm;vmaewJh yHkawG/
'gawGyJ/ tify&uf&Si f;orm;tm;vHk;[m aeUv,fa &mif aeyla&mifudk toHk;rsm;
w,f/ 'J*wfwpfa,mufom num;qGJw m jzpfw,f/ a&EGm ;&JU yef;csDum;awG[m
aeYv,f aeylatmuf rSm wvufvuf awmufaewJ h ta&mifawG yJ/
olY&JU vuf&muawmh 'J* wfvdk pkwf&mawG zGm aeatmif qGJwJh enf;yJ/ 0dk i f
zefcGufuav; udkawmif zGm &mBuJwJh pkwfawG eJU vIyfaeatmif qGJw,f/ rdef;rysKd
wpfa,muf& JU rsufvHk;awG? EIwf crf;awG[m Ek ysKdw,f/ vIy faew,f/
a&EGm;&JUyef;csD rSm t&m&m[m EkysKdv Iyf&S m;aew,f/
EkysKdr I? aysmf &Tifr IeJU usef;rmrIudk a&EG m;&J U um;awGr Sm taumif;qHk;
awGUEdk ifw,f/ olUum;awG rSm ta&mift&ifh rygbl;/ t&dyfudk c&rf;EkrsKd ;? tjymEkrsKd;
oHk;w,f/ Key Tone tEkav;awGeJ Y a&;w,f/
aemuf tify&uf& Sif;orm;wpf a,mufuawmh wdkvkavmufx&J yJ/
avmufx&J[ m i,fi,fu ajcESpf zufvHk; rSm 'Pf& m tBuD; tus,f&cJhw Jh
twGuf wpfoufvHk; ajcwdkav; jzpfoGm;cJhw,f/ ol[m 'J*wf&J U vuf&m[efeJ U
Subject matter taMumif ;udk ES pfNcdKufc Jhol jzpfw,f/ olY &JU yef;csDum;awG[m
olUywf0 ef;usifrSm &SdwJh omrefy pnf;awG ygyJ/ yHkwl wcsKdU? jrif uGif;wcsKd U?
uyGJawGu taMumif;t&mawG ? umzDqk difIcif; awG? rde f;rysufawG&J U yHkawG e JY
vHk;wD;yH k wcsKd UygyJ/
Typing

Inc ubuz

93

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

ol[m pHjyxm;NyD; qGJavhr &SdbJ kwfw&uf jrif&wJ h jrifuG if;awGu kd


pkwfcsufawGeJY cyf&S if;&S if; qGJavh&Sd w,f/ t&ufjyefa&mxm;wJh qDaq; yg;yg;eJY
uwfbkwfjym;ay:rS m qGJavh &Sdw,f/ ol[m ta&mifausmuf ykHE Sdyform;
wpfa,mufvnf; jzpfw,f/ ol[m oPmefYeJY a&GUvsm;rIuk dom t"duxm;NyD;
tvif;a&mif &JU kdufcwfr IawGudk vHk; 0 pGefYypfcJhw,f/ ol[m yef;csDorm;awG&J U
tkyfpkxJvnf; r0ifbl;/ olYbmom oD;oefY yJ qGJaew,f/
olU&J U yHkwl yef;csDum;wpfcsyfu kd wifjyxm;w,f/ ol&JU rdw faqG jzpfw Jh
vDvDqkdwJh trsKd;orD;wpf a,muf& JU yHkyJ/ yef;csDu m;xJrS m trsKd;orD; udk
*syefuDr DEkdtus 0wfay;xm;NyD; uykdudk[efay:atmif qGJxm;w,f/ pkwf&m
awG[m tao;pdwf qGJxm;wm r[kwfbJ avQmuf jcpfy pfvdkuf wm awGU&w,f/
'Dvdk t&Sdef ygwJh pkwf& mawGaMumifh yef;csDum;[m touf0 if aew,f/
avmufx&J& JU yef; csDum;wkdif; [m 'Dvdk pkw f&mawG eJY rGBuJaewmyJ/

Typing

Inc ubuz

94

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

tify&uf&Si f;enf; [m
ajymcJ hovdk
j'yfx keJY
ta&mifaemufudk y J
vdkufvm&mrSm aemuf ykdif ;tify&uf &Sif;orm;awG usawmh j'yfxkudk enf; enf;csif;
pGefYypfvmMuw,f/ enf;enf;av; &GJUqGJrS ajyjypfr,f qdk&if &GJ UqGJ&J vm w,f/
aqZef;? *kd* if? Aef *kd;wd kY[m aemufay: tify&uf&Si f;orm;awGyJ ? olwdkY&J U
Typing

Inc ubuz

95

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yef;csD csyfawG rSm Original


Proporationobm0
tcsKd;tpm; r&Sdbl;/
tm;aumif;vmr,fh tajctaeudk ajymif ;NyD ; qGJxm;wmcsnf;yJ?/ olw dkUwpfawG&J U
yef;csDawG[m orm;dk;usenf;awGeJY tvSrf;uG mvGef ;vdkY vlawG u &,fp&mvdkY
xifcJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh olwdkY ZGw fwkd;cJhw,f/ olwdkY yef;csD awGukd t&mroGif; Mubl;/
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olwdkY[m ta&mif&J U aemufu kd waumuf aumuf vkd ufcJhw myJ jzpfw,f/ 'Dta&mif&J U
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qGJwJhenf ;udk awGYvmMuw,f/ aemufykd if; tify&uf &Sif; orm;awG[m tEkynm
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kef;&if;qef cwf jzpfoGm;w,f/ a&SUukd wpf[ kefxdk ; ckefxGu foGm;w,f/ t&Sdef[m
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Typing

Inc ubuz

96

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

tawG;tac:awG wkd;wufvmw,f/ acwf[m wkd;wufv m w,f/ 'Dtajctae


rsKd;rS m b,ftEkynmrS &yf NyD; rusefcJhb l;/ acwfudk vdkufNyD; wkd;wufz dYk
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Maruru (Offerings of Gratitude), from Noa Noa, 1893/94

Typing

Inc ubuz

97

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

98

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

avmuxJrSm? tHBudwfu mESih f


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Typing

Inc ubuz

99

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tpGJtvrf;BuD; cJhw,f vdkU qkd Muw,f/

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

100

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

101

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

rsufpdeJ Y avhvm&oa&GUay:rS m tajccHNyD; a&;Mu? xGifMu&wmyJ/ olwkdY& JUq&m[m


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Typing

Inc ubuz

102

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

olY&JU yef;csD awG[m obm0udk tawmfE T,fcJ hw,f/ &Sif; &Sif; a0zef&&if
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Typing

Inc ubuz

103

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yef;csDu m;awG[ m twkawGukd Munfhq GJwmjzpf NyD;


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Typing

Inc ubuz

yHkw l

um;awG[mvnf;

104

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

105

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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tom;ta&? aumufaMumif; pwmawGukd wif jyr,f/ tdyfy&uf&Sif ;rSmawmh
vlwpfa,muf 'grS r[kwf ypn f;wpfc k&J U twGif;oabm? pdwZoabmukd
azmfjyr,f/ tdyfy&uf& Sif;orm; awG[m Aef*kd ;&JU vG, fulwJh aumufaMumif; eJY
awmufywJh ta&miftaoG;udk quf cHcJh Muw,f/
'Dvkd&Si f;vif; vG,fulw Jh aumufa Mumif ;? awmufywJh ta&miftaoG;udk
oHk;NyD ; vlwpfa,muf&J U pdwfx JrSm b,fvdkcH pm;ae&ovJ/ aMumufaeovm;?
pdwfnpfaeovm;? aysmfa eovm; qd kwmawGu dk a&;qG JMuw,f/ tdyfy &uf&S if;
yef;csD[ m cHpm;rIukd pwifxkwfazmfvmwmjzpfw,f/
tdyfy&uf&S if;rS m vlkyfawG? ypnf;awG[m obm0tcsKd;tpm;vH k;0r&Sd
awmhbl;/ aumufaMumif;awG rSm ;vmw,f/ 'gayr,fh tZwoabmukd xif;ceJ
ay:vmatmif umwGef ;oabmET ,fNyD; qGJMuw,f/
tdyfy&uf&S if;orm; rdk' D*vD,meDtaMumif;pNyD; avh vm&atmif/ rdk'D&J U
b0[m yef;csDrif ;om;yJ/ kyfacsmw,f/ aww,f/ ayGw,f/ rdef; rawGeJ U
a&mw,f/ t&ufaomufw,f/ qif;&Jw,f/ trsm;qHk;uawmh oli,fc sif;awG u kd
trsKd;rsKd ;'kua y;w,f? oabmuawmh aumif;w,f/
rdk'D[m uAsmudk odyftpGJtvrf ;BuD; w,f/ rl;aewJhnawGrSm nOfh euf
oef;acgif uAsmawGud katmfBuD;[pfus,fzwfavh&Sdw,f/ ol[ m tm;ae&if
uAsmawGyJ zwfa ew,f/ olYb0rSm yef ;csDu m;wcsKdU a&mif ;cJh& yg w,f/ 'gayr,fh
olYtwGuf tusKd;rjzpfxGef; cJhygbl;/ ol[m qif;qif; &J&J ayayawaweJY
aocJh&w,f/ tqkwfema&m*g TuberculosisaMumifhyJ/ oli,fcsif;awG &Sdayr,fh
tm;vHk;[m uAsmq&m? pma&;q&m? yef;csDq &mpwJ h olwkdYukd,f wkdif iwfaeolawG
Typing

Inc ubuz

106

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

jzpfvd kY rdk'DtwGuf bmrS rwwfEkdi fMubl ;/ aq;Hk&JU olawmif;pm;awGo m wufw Jh


taygpm; tcef;wpfckr Sm csKdUcsKd UiJhi JheJY aocJ h&w,f/ ]]usaemfawmh aowJh txd
t&ufaomufrS myJ}} vdkY ajymcJhw Jh twkdif; aocgeD;txd t&ufudk wusKdufusKdu f
aomufw,f/ aocgeD;rSm tDwvDvd k wrf;wrf;ww a&&GwfaecJhw,fv dkY
olUoli,f csif; Lipchitzvpfyf&Sp fa&;wJh pmtkyfxJr Sm zwf&w,f/ olaoawmh
olYcspfol [mvnf; aq;Hkay:u ckefc sNyD ; owfaooGm;&Smw,f/ olaoNyD;
ESpftawmf MumrS ol[ m Oa&myrSm wjznf ;jznf; ausmf Mum;vmw,f/
rkd'D[m yef;ykorm;vnf; jzpfw,f/ trsm;qH k;uawmh xkH;ausmufawG e JY
xkcJhw,f/ yef;csDrSm IarQmfc if;yHk enf ;enf;yg;yg; qGJc Jhayr,f h trsm;qHk;uawmh
vlyHkawGy J/ olY&JU vuf &mudk Munfhr,f qdk&if uav;wpfa,muf qGJwmvdk
jzpfuwwf qef; jzpfa ew,f/ a&mif jyifBuD; rSm pk wf&m cyfpd yfpdy f xyfwkd UNyD;
qGJwwfw,f/ rsufES mjyifwpfc kudk rsOf ;aMumif;av;awGeJY cGJ pdwfy pfwJh a&mifjyif
qGJenf;ud k rdk'DutoHk; jyKcJ hw,f/ rkd'D&J U um;awGrSm xkav;zuf oabmawG
trsm;BuD; awGY&w,f/ ol[m rsufjrif j'yfxk udk xkwpfcsuf xyfxnfhNyD;
cyfvdrfv drf? cyf& GJU&GJU qGJwwfw ,f/ vlyHkawGukd vnfyif; cyf&Snf &SnfeJ Y rsufvHk;rSm
rsufqefrxnfhbJ a&mifjyifuav;jzpfatmif qGJw wfw,f/ 'gawG[m rd k'D&J U
udk,fykd if[efawGyJ/
rkd'D[m yxryk HMurf;avmif;wJhtcg a&mifjyifawGe JY qGJw,f/ aemufxyfNyD;
tay:uwpfa&mif jzpf jzpf ? ESpfa&mifjzpfjzpf pkwfcsufawG eJY jcpfw,f/ 'Denf;udk
uaeY Oa&myyef; csDavmurSm us,fus,f jyefY jyef Y oHk;pGJaeMuwm awGY &w,f/ olY&J U
ta&mifawGuawmh cyfrI dif;rIdif; eJY&Jw Jh ta&mifawGygyJ/ wpfcgwpf&H cyfjym;jym;
jzpfatmifqGJNyD; wpfcgwpf&H xkxnf azmf NyD;qJ Gw,f/ ol[m tmz&d uyef; ykkyfawG&J U
zGJUpnf ;rIuk d twk,lcJhw,f/ rdk'D& JU pkw f&mawG[m ody fnufwm awGY&w,f/
b,favmuf Murf;Murf; jcpfy pfvkduf/ pkw f&muawmh nufaewmyJ/ olU&JU Key [m
&ifh&if hawmufa wmuf ta&mifawG jzpfaewwfw,f/ Oyrm tndKeJY c&rf;&ifh v dk
ta&mifrsKd ;/ rkd'D&J Uum;awGrSm t&dyf eJYtvif; ruGJbl;/ wpfcg wpfcg
ta&mifoufouf yJ &Sdw,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

107

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

ol&JU ]owkdUom;eJ U owdkUorD ;} qkdwJh yHkudk wifjyxm;w,f/ ol[m vlY&JU


rsufESm jyifu dk rsOf;aMumif; ao;ao;av;awGeJY cGJp dwfxm;wm awGU&w,f/ NyD;awmh
vl&JU t*FgawGukdvnf; oabmavmufyJ qGJxm;w,f/ rsufvHk;qdkv nf;
tpufuav; ESpfpuf ? ESmacgif;qdkvnf; oHk;axmifh a&mifjyifav;? em;&Gufuvnf;
cyf&Snf &Snf puf 0dkif ;jcrf;uav;rsKd;/ aoaocsmcsm Munfh &if rd k'D&J Uum;rSm Cubism
oabmawG trsm;BuD; awGY&r,f/ yef;csD wpfcsyfvHk; [m a&mifjyifawGu kd pepfwus
qufpyfxm;wmjzpfNyD; axmifhawG? tuGu fawGeJ Y jynfh aewm awG Y&w,f/ rkd' D[m
yDumqdk& JU enf; emawGuk d oabmusch Jolvnf; jzpfw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

108

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

dk;atmh (Rouault-1871-1958) [m tdyfy&uf&S if;yef;csDo rm;awG xJr Sm


tawmf&J&if hwJh yef;csDorm;wpfa,mufyJ/ olU&JUpum; ESpfc Gef;ud k usaemf
wifjycsifygw,f/
]]usaemf[m usaemf tm;uscJhwJh avmufx &JwdkY ? 'J*wfwdk Y&JU vTr f;rdk; rI
'grSr[kwf wjcm;acwfay:yef;csDo rm;awG &JU tvTrf;trkd;ukd rcHcJhygbl;/ usaemfh u dk
vTrf;rdk ;cJhw mu twGif;oabmvdktyfrIawGyJ}}
]]ypnf; Object udk qGJwJh yef; csDq&mawG[m rsufvH k;wpfv Hk; &Sdw,f/
taMumif;t&m Subjectudk qGJwJh yef;csDq&mawGuawmh pHkv Hk;uef ; aeolawGyJ}}
'Dvdk dk;atmhu ,lqcJhw,f/ yef; csDeJY ywfoufwJ h tawG;tac: rSmawmh ol[m
yef;&J U zefwD;Ekdifp Grf;&SdrIud k odyfav;pm;cJ hw,f/
]]udk,fhtEkynm ukd ,fcspf wJh yef ;csDorm; wpfa,muf[m ol U&JU wu,fh
b0rSmawmh bk&ify J/ vDvDyGwfud k zefwD; NyD; vD vDyGwf om;wpfa,muf
jzpfoG m;vdkY &w,f/ rD;zdkacsmifu tdrfa pav;udk Munfh NyD; ewforD ;vdk vS w Jh
bk&ifrav; tjzpf? NyD;awmh txufvTm rdef;rwpfa,mufukdvnf ; jynfhwefqm
tjzpf olu zefwD;csifvm&if 'grSr[kwf 'Dv kd jrifv m&if ol vkyfvk dufEk difw,f/
bmaMumifhvJqd kawmh 'Dv kdjrifwwfwJ h 'dAp uK olYr Sm &Sdaewmudk;/ olYr Sm
b0Icif;awG twGuf&,f ypuumvudk yke f;a&S mifoGm ;wJh twdwfu mvawG&,f u dk
Munfhzd kUjywif;aygufwpfayguf &Sd w,f}}
'Dvdk ajymvdk ufwJhtwGuf yef; csDorm; wpfa,muf[m olYpdw fBud Kuf
'grSr[kwf olYt jriftwkd if; zef wD;Ekd ifw,f/ ol[m b0udk MunfhIwwfw,f/
twdwfudkvnf; zrf;csKyfEkd ifpGr f; &Sdw,fv dkY qdkvd kufwmyJ/ dk;atmh [mvnf;
'Dtwkdif; usif hoHk;cJhw,f/
ol[mypnf ; (Object) awGudk *kpdkufrqGJbl ;/ ypnf;awG&JU taMumif;
w&m;udky J qGJw,f/ olUpum;t& qdk&if ol[m pHkvHk;uef; wpfa,mufaygh/
Typing

Inc ubuz

109

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'gaMumifh ol[m bmrSrjrifbl;/ ol[m olY&JU 'dA puK eJU vlwpfa ,muf&J U
twGif;oEmefawGyJ jrifw,f/ 'gaMumifh twGif;oE mef awGukd yJ qGJcJh w,f/
ol&JU ]ynm&Sd vl&T ifawmf} qd kwJh um;rSm vl& Tifawmf&JU rsufES m[m cyftt
rsufESm rsKd; jzpfa ew,f/ ol[m 'Do abmudk t"d uxm;NyD; qGJ cJh w,f/ aq;awG[m
xpfxaeatmif xlw,f/ aumufa Mumif ; tjym;BuD; awG eJYyJ qG Jwwfw,f/
wpfcgwav olYaumufaMumif;[m ta&mifawG jzpfoG m;wwfw,f/ ol[m
qufuyfvl& TifawmfawG taMumif; tqGJrsm;w,f/
'Dvdk aumufaMumif;xl a&;qGJ enf;[m aemuf ydkif ;acwfo pf obm0yef; csD
(Neo-realism)awGrSm vTrf ;rdk; cJhw,f/ dkatmh&JU ta&mifawG uawmh cyf&J& J?
cyfawmufa wmuf/ wpfcgwpf&H cyf&J &J? cyfazsmhazsmhawG qGJwwfw,f/
ta&mifaygif;pyfrIr Smawmh dk;atmh[m q&mwpfqly J/ ta&mifawGukd pkHaeatmif
a&marT NyD; qGJwwf w,f/ obm0a&mifudkawmh vHk;0 roH k;bl;/
rdef;rwpfa,muf &JU rsufESm rSm tpdr f;awG? tjymawG xnfhNyD;
qGJwwfw,f/ dk;atmh[m qDaq;wGifru a&aq;? txltyg;? ta&mif
ausmufyHk ESdyf (Lithograph) eJY za,mif; (Pastel) awGukdvnf; us,fu s,f jyefYjyefY
oHk;pGJc Jhw,f/
dk;atmh&JU ta&mif awGrS m teufa&mif t&ifhawG trsm;BuD;awGY&w,f/
'Dta&mifawG udk aygif;pyfNyD ; Atmosphere ac:wJh ]0ef;usif[ef}ukd wif jyzdkY
BuKd;pm;cJhw ,f/ tcsdeftcgeJY ywf0ef;usifu kd ta&mifouf oufeJY yJ wifjycJhw m[m
aemufykd if; Surrealism qm&D&,fvpfZif;uk d tultaxmuf trsm;BuD ;ay;w,f/
dk;atmh[m uAsmorm;wpfa,mufvnf; jzpfw,f/
wpfyk'f[ m olU&J U t,ltq wpfykdif;wpfpuk d azmfjyygvdrhfr ,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

olU&JU

uAsm

110

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yHkpH? ta&mif? nDnGwf rI


tkdatppfvm; wHvQyf vm;
rsufvHk;zdkUvm; ESvHk;onf;yGw fzkdYv m;
'grSr[kwf 0dnmOfzdk Yvm;
kyfjyoPmefawG &JU a&G UaewJh ork'&mvdk
]reufjzefawmh vSraygh} vdkY
oabFmysufa ewJhaumifu ajy mw,f
jiLplw Jh rkd;uk yfrsO f;atmuf raysmufrD
Nidrf; csrf;a&;[m tkyfpd k;Ekd ifyHk ray:
ylyefvI yf&Sm;aewJh ur may:
t&dyfawG tkyfawG&JU ur m
vuf0g;uyfwdk ifay:u a,Iu
usKyfxuf oifw dkUud k ajymEdkifr ,f
*sdrf;&JU twdkcsKy fxm;wJ h xdyfwef ; jyef Mum;csuf uGif;qufawG
emrnfr BuD;wJ h 'grSr[kwf &Si f&[ef; eJU tmZmenfawGvdk
emrnfBu D;wJh/

Typing

Inc ubuz

111

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

112

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Denf;vrf;[m ES pfq,f& mpkavmufrSm acwfp m;vmayr,fh 16 &mpk


ywf0ef;usifrS m bla[; (Bruegel1525-1569)
&J U yef; csDum;[m
qm&D&,fv pfZif; cyfqef qefyJ jzpf w,f/ bla[;[m IarQmf cif;orm;
wpfa,mufy J/ 'gayr,fh tEk ynm psmefBuD;olrd kY tdyfruf&JU oabmuk d ol em;vnf
cJhw,f/ olYudk v,form;? ,morm;yef;csDawG qGJvGef ;vdkY ]v,form;bla[;} vdkY
ac:Muw,f/
olU&J UThe Land of Coc-kayneqdkwJh um;rSm xrif ;vHk;wap acsmufovdk
cHpm;rI rsKd;ukd qGJom;cJhw,f/ vlawG[m xrif ;pm;NyD; tdyfa ysmf ae[efyJ/
xrif;pm;yGJ wpfy kdif;wpfpeJ Y/ jrifuGi f;[m tdyfrufxJrSm vdk jzpfaew,f/
b,fbufaxmifhu trkd;atmufrS m oHcsyfu m0wfxm;wJh vlwpfa,muf[m rlrS e f
yHkoPmefr[k wfbJ a>rvd k jzpfa ew,f/ um;&JUa&SUykdif; rSm bJOcGHav;[m "m;av;
xnfhNyD ; bJvdk avQmufoGm;aew,f/ aemuf ykdif ;rSm 0ufwpfaumif[m cg;rSm
"m;wpfacsmif; pdkuf NyD; avQmufo Gm;aew,f/ olUtay:rSmawmh vlv dk
taumifwpfaumif
opfukdif ;ay:rSm
em;aew,f/
vlawG&JU
ab;rSm
oHacsmif ;BuD; awG &dSw,f/ tm;vHk ;[m xrif; vHk;wap acsmufovdk jzpfaew,f/
yef;csDu m;udk jrif vdkuf& awmh tdyfrufwpf ckukd rufaeovdk cHpm;vdk uf&w,f/
ukd,fha&S UrS m tdyfruf[m txif ;om; ay:vmovdk? Ek d;ae&uf eJU tdyf ruf
rufaeovdk pdw fxJrS m 0dk;w0g; jzpfoGm;w,f/ bla[; aemufykdi f;rSm 'D v kd
tdyfrufqefq ef qGJom;rI[m aysmufuG,fi kyfvQKd;oGm ;w,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

113

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

19 &mpktpykd if;rS m qm&D& ,fvpfZif;[m jyefNyD; touf0ifvm w,f/


qm&D&,fv pfZif;[m wjznf; jznf;eJY ESpfyk dif; uGJvmw,f/ yxrenf; uawmh
rsufjrifypnf ; (Found Objects) awGudk a&;qGJrIygyJ/ 'Denf;eJU qGJom;rI[m
usaemfwdk Y jrifz l;aewJ h ypnf;awGu dk ydkrd k 0dk;w0g; jzpfatmif zefwD ;rIygyJ/
aemufwpf enf;u j'yfrJh (Semi Abstract)awGudk qGJom;rI ygyJ/
yxrenf; jzpfwJ h Found Objects awG qGJom;rI rSm pwif qGJo m;
oluawmh rGefY csf (Munch 1863-1944)ygyJ/ ol[m wu,fawmh tdyfy&uf
&Sif;yef;csDo rm;wpfOD;yJ/ olY&J U ]atmfoH} yef;csDu m;rSm atmfoH wpfcku kd rGefYc sfu
wifjyxm;w,f/ t&m&m[m j'yfr Jhovdk jzpfaew,f/ rsOf;aMumif ;awG
auGUaumufNyD; atmfoHawG yJ hwifxyfaeovdk yJ/ yef;csD um;&J U jrifuGif ; uvnf;
Typing

Inc ubuz

114

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

tdyfrufxJrS mvdkvd k jzpfaew,f/ rGe fYcsf &JU yef;csD[ m ted|mHkoabm rsKd; ukd
pdwfxJrS m wkefvIy fcHpm;vmatmif wifjywJ h oabmyJ/

rGefYcsf eJY acwfNydKif lql; (Rousseau 1844-1910) [m uav;awG


qGJwmvdk csyfjym;oPmef qGJ[efa wGeJY pdwZudk vIHUaqmfcJhw ,f/ ol[m
aoaooyfoyf &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; eJY wdwdu sus qGJwJ h[efav; &Sdw,f/ olY&J U
[efaMumifh yef;csDu m;awG[ m Nidrfaew,f/ vrf;avQmufaeol awG&J U yHkuvnf;
Nidrfa ew,f/ j'yfxka wGukd xifx if&Sm ;&Sm;yJ a&;w,f/ opf&Guf awGukd wpf &Gufcsif;
Typing

Inc ubuz

115

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD


pdwf&Snf vuf&Sn f a&;w,f/
wpfa,mufvnf; jzpfw ,f/

http://mmcp community. net

ol[m

*Dworm;eJ U

jyZmwfp ma&;orm;

]tdyfaysmfaewJh *spfy pD} yef;csDum;[m tdyfrufxJu Icif ;rsKd ; cyfqifq if


qGJxm;w,f/ Munf h&wm 0dk ;w0g; jzpfaew,f/ tjzpftysuf uvnf;
tdyfrufxJu tjzpftysufrsKd;? xd wfvefY zG,fud k jzpf apw,f/ NyD ;awmh tmHk
xkav;zuf oabmudk qGJxnfhx m;w,f/
*spfypD &JU vJavsmif;aeyHkeJY jcaoF h&JU ab;wkd uftjrif/ 'DESpfck[m &yfwnf r I
rwlbl;/ 'g[m xkav;zuf&J U oabmyJ/ yef;csD um; qGJxm;yHk uawmh vuf& mawG
Typing

Inc ubuz

116

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

bmawG rygbJ cyfdk;dk; uav;wpfa,muf &JU vuf &mvdk jzpfaew,f/ 'gayr,fh


[efu xl;w,f/ wifjyyH keJY taMumif ;t&mu qef;w,f/ 'gawG[m Found
Objectsrsufjrify pnf;awGu dk qGJwJh qm&D&,fvpfZif;awGyJ/
Semi Abstractac:wJh

]tcsKdUj'yf rJh} yef;csDawGuawmh 20 &mpk ydkif;rSm


pwif ay:vmw,f/ 'Dyef; csDtwGufu (Paul Klee 1879-1940)&J U
]vnfywfaewJh puf} TwitteringMachineqd kwJh a&aq;yef ;csDum;[m u&J U
vuf&mawGxJ rSm xif&S m;w,f/ qGJxm;yHku bmrS IyfIyfaxG;axG; &Sdv Swm
r[kwfbl;/ em&D 0ufavmufeJU NyD;oG m;r,fh yHkyJ/ 'gayr,f hSubject Matteru
odyftm;aumif;w,f/ yef;csDu m;[m uAsmwpf yk'fv dkyJ nufnufanmanm
&Sdw,f/ Oa&myyef;csDa0zef a&;orm; wpfa,muf u u[m ]iSufvdkatmf w Jh
wappufBuD;wpf ck wDxGifv dkuf w,fvdk Y} a&;cJhw,f/
u&JU t,ltqu odyftajccdki fw,f/ usaemfwdk U[m toH xGufe JY
rsufpd[m qufp yfaew,f/ rsufvHk ;eJY em;[m odyfqufpyfw,f/ ]u} qdkw Jh
pmvHk;uk d jrif&if vlawG&JU pdw fxJrSm ]u} qdkwJh toHxGuf[m ay:vmw,f/ 'Dv dk
rsufpdeJ Y jrif&wmawGukd pdw fxJrS m toHxGufatmif zefwD ;zdkY u[m 'Dy ef;csD u dk
qGJcJhw,f/ u&JU rsOf; aMumif; zGJUpnf;rI[ m yef;csDw pfcsyfukd uAsmwpfyk'f e JY
eD;pyfa pcJhw,f/ olY&J U yef; csD 102 csyfukd jycef;awG jzKwf NyD; emZDawG
zsufqD;ypfcJhw,f/ u[m yef;csD oabm w&m;pmtkyf tajrmuftjrm; a&;cJh w,f/
qm&D&,fv pfZif;rSm emrnfBuD ;ol wpfa,mufuawmh t*Fv efu
qlomvif Sutherland yJ jzpfw,f/ ol[m Icif;orm;wpfa ,muf jzpfw,f/
ol[m Icif;awGuk d jrif&wJhtcg jrif&wJh cHpm;rIukd txl;*kpd ku f
tom;ay;NyD;qGJw,f/ ol&J U yef;csDum;awGrSm j'yfxkr &Sdbl;/ Semi -Abtract awG y J
jzpfw,f/ b,fvd kj'yfxkrS rnfrnf&&rygbJ a&mifjyifawG? tcif ;awG? rsOf;awG e JY
uGufvyfawG yJ ygw,f/ tkyfygrSyef;csDvdkY xifw Jh vlawGtzdk U qlomvif&J U
um;awG[m bmrS r[kwfb l;/ 'gayr,fh aoao csmcsmMunfh& if
opfawmxJuvrf;av;vkdvdk xif&w,f/ vrf;&,fvdkUawmh rnfrnf && rajymEkdif/
Typing

Inc ubuz

117

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

opfyifawG vm;vdk Y xifp&m &S dw,f/ 'gayr,fh opfy ifvnf; r[kwfjyefbl;/


yef;csDu m;udk NcHK iHkNyD; Munfhvdkuf awmh rk d;&Gm NyD; p opfawmxJudk jzwf0 ifoGm;wJh
vrf;uav;vd kY pdwfxJrSm rSwf, lvdkufw,f/ 0dk;w0g;yJ/ 'g[m qlomvif&J U
enf;jzpfw,f/
usaemfwkd Y em;vnfx m;zdk Yu pkwf& m wpfcsuf[ m tvif;a&mif ukd
jzpfapwwfw,f/ Textureukd jzpfa pw,f/ aumufaMumif;udk jzpfapw,f/
Perspective udk jzpfapw,f/ 'gawGtm;vHk;uk d wpfNyd Kifeuf jzpfap zkdYv nf;
pGrf;aqmifEkd ifw,f/ yef;csDum;csyfrS mawmh pkw f&mawG rG aew,f/ pkwf& mwkdif ;[m
ol&JU Original Characterxuf Subjective Texture eJYPerspective oabmudk
aqmifvdku fwJhtcg pkwfcsufwpfc suf[m vrf;r[kwf ayr,fh vrf;&J U Perspective
udk aqmifae&if vrf;avvm;vdkY 0d k;w0g; xifp&m &Sdw,f/ pkwf& mwpfc sufu
opfyif r[kwfa yr,fh opfy if&J U Textureudk aqmifw Jhtcg opfyifvm;vdkY
t&dyfta,mifawG jyvmw,f/ wu,fawmh opfyifw dkY? vrf;wdk Y&,fvnf ;r[kwf/
vrf;jzpfcsif vnf; jzpfr,f/ 'D0dk ;w0g;Ekd ifrIawG[m Original Characterudk
wifjyvd kufwJhtcg vl&J U rSwfPfuk d dkufcwfvmr,f/ 'DtcgrSm vl&J U rodpdw f[m
Ekd;<uvmNyD ; 'g[mjzifh opfyifyJvm;? 'g[mjzihf vrf; yJvm;vdkY 0dk ;w0g; xifrSw fvm
r,f/ 'DtcsdefrSm tmHkcHp m;rI[ m odyfus,f jyef Uw,f/ wpfcgwpf& H yef;csD orm;
arQmfvif hwJh twkdi f;twmxufyd kNyD; cHp m;rIuk day;Ek difwm awGY&w,f/ 'gu
Munfhol& JU rod pdwfuk d Ekd; <uEkd ifrI tiftm;ay:rSm wnfygw,f/ 'D v kd
yef;csDu m;awGr Sm Atmosphere ac:wJh 0ef;usifygyJ/ bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh
jrifuG if;wpf ck&J U j'yfxk ryDjyifr IrSm Atmosphere ukd ykdifykdif Ekdif Ekdif xnfhE kdif& if
Munfhol& JU rodp dwfrSm csufcsif ; vufcHoG m;r,f/
Oyrm - tnma'o Icif;av;udk Semi-Abstract awGe JYqGJ& if
tnmavrsKd;av;?tnm&J U &eHY av;ygatmif qG JEkdi fzkdY ta&;BuD; w,f/ teD;pyf qHk;
Oyrmay;&&if ta&mif&ihf &ifhawG qufpyf NyD; naeapmif ; jrif uGif;wpfckud k qGJr,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

118

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Dae&mrSm vif;uGufuav;awG? c&rf ;a&mifawmufa ewJh rkd ;ukyf vdk ae&mrsKd;awG[m


naeapmif ;&JU 0ef;usifa wGyJ/ 'gawGudk xnfhE dkifp Grf;&SdzdkY vd kw,f/
'Dtenf;twGuf udaAmf*ef (Keith Vau-gham)&JU awmifMum;Ic if;
(Valley Landscape) qdkwJh yef;csDum;udk wifjyxm;ygw,f/ 'Dyef;csDum;rSm
rlaoj'yfom;&,fvkdY vHk;0rygygbl;/ t&m&m[m 0dk;w0g; jzpfaew,f/
opfyifvk dvdk? csKHykwf vkdvdk ? acsmufu rf;yg;vdk vdkeJY Munfh&wm awmif Mum;&J U
nIcif;wpfcku kd Munfhae&ovdkyJ/ aoaocsmcsm jrif& rIr[kw fbJ cHp m;vm&rI
jzpfvmw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

119

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

120

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

19 &mpkrS m tify&uf &Sif; yef;csD[m awmfvSefa &;wpf &yf toGif e JY


wkd;wufcJ hw,f/ 'DawmfvSefa &;t&Sdef [m ydk rdk jyif;xefvmNyD; 20 &mpkr Sm
awmfvSefa &;wpf& yf arG;zG m;ay;cJhw,f/ usLApf yef; csD awmfvSe fa&;ygyJ/
usLApfy ef;csD [m usaemfwdk Y acwf&JUyef;csDvnf; jzpfw,f/ tEkynm rSwfwdkifv nf;
jzpfw,f/ 20 &mpk&JU ,Ofaus;rI t&yf&yfrSm usLApfenf; eJU uif;vGwf w Jh
pepf&,fv kdY r&Sdb l;/
tify&uf&Si f;yef ;csDorm; aqZef;taMumif; ajymwkef;u aqZef; [m
usLApfZif ;udk pwifcJhw,fvdkY wifjycJhw,f/ trSefawmh aqZef; t&if ulab;
(Coubet)[m usLApfZif ;ukd azmfxkwf cJhol jzpf w,f/ ulab; 1846 ckESpf avmufr Sm
pwifcJhw Jh usLApfZ if;[m tESpf 50 ausmf 1910 jynfhESp favmufu srSyJ yDu mqdk&J U
vufxJrSm yD yDjyifjyif ay:vmw,f/
awmfvSefa &;wpfc ktwGuf jyifqifc sufawG[ m ]]xm0& jznf ;nif;pGm
jzpfay:avh &Sdw,f}} vdYk rmcf pfu ajymcJhw,f/ usLApf awmfvSe fa&;[mvnf;
ESpfaygif; 50 ausmf jyifqif cJh&w,f/ ulab;[m wkd; wufwJh tawG;tac:
wkd;wufwJht jrife JY qGJoljzpfvdk U oleJY ywfoufNyD ; uAsmq&m tydkvD e J
(Apollinaire)u olY&JUusLApfyef;csDo rm;rsm; (Les Peinters Cubistes) pmtkyfr Sm
...
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vkdY a&;om;cJ hw,f/ ulab;[m obm0&J U rsufjrifxkxnf oabmudk
pwifoHk; pGJzd kY Bud K;pm;cJhayr,fh ol[ m xifx if&Sm ;&Sm; roHk;pGJEkd if cJh bl;/ 'gudk
aqZef;u qufjznfhNyD; &SmazGcJhw,f/ ulab;eJY aqZef;wk dU[m ]obm0udk
MunfhIrIpsmef} ukd ajymif;vJ ypfcJ hw,f/
ulab;[m obm0rSm &SdwJh xkxnfoabmeJY rsufjrifkyfvHk ;<urI twGu f
olU&J U yef;csDum;awGrS m usLApfenf;awG xnfhoGif ; oHk;pGJc Jhw,f/ t&dyfwpfcka y:rSm
tvif;om;ukd tm;jynfh jynf hwifwJh oabmyJ/ aqZef; [m usLApfenf; ukd
Typing

Inc ubuz

121

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

ulab;qDu &wmygvkd U taotcsm rajymEkdif bl;/ bmaMumif hvJqdkawmh


ulab;[m usLApf enf;udk j'yfxk& JU xkxnftwGuf oHk;pG JcJhw m jzpfNyD;
aqZef;uawmh ]'Gd[} awGuae usLApfe nf; wpfykd if;wpfp ukd oGm;awG Ywm
jzpfw,f/
vuf&mrS mvnf; ulab;[m jywf jywfom;om; qGJcJha yr,fh aqZef;&J U
vuf&mawG[ m 0dk;w0g;jzpfNyD ; tqHk;rowfwJh rsOf;uGu fawG jzpfw,f/ 'D v kd
0dk;w0g;&J U tqHk;rowfao;wJh pkwf&mawG[m aqZef;&J U xl;jcm;wJh[ ef
jzpfvmw,f/
aqZef;[m obm0&JU xkxnf&S drI? nDnGw frI
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zefwD;csifw,f/ wpf zufuvnf; tify&uf &Sif; tawG UtBuHK eJY ol YrsufvH k;u
wyftyfjrif&wJh obm0tppftrS efrsKd;udk wd wdusus zefwD;Ekdifp Grf; r&Sd wmudk
olodw,f/
aqZef;[m
ol& JUrsufpdukd
b,fbufjzpfjzpf?
nmbufjzpfjzpf
iJhNyD ;Munf hwJhtcgrSm rlvtmHk pdkufx m;wJh Icif;zG JUpnf ;rI[m ajymif;oGm;wmudk
awGY&w,f/ usaemfwdk Y i,fi,fuvnf ; vufndK;udk rsufv Hk;buf vSnfhx kd;NyD;
rsufpdukd wpfvSnfhp D ydwfwJhtcg vufndK ; vIyfvIy foGm;wmudk vkyf Munfh c hJ
Muw,f/ rsufp d[m ES pfvHk; &SdwJhtwGu f j'yfxkwpf ck&J U tvsm;? teH[m
rajymif;ayr,fh usef wJh xk[ mawmh jym;csyfaewJh rsufESm jyifw pfck ay:rSm
azmfxkwfv dkY r&Ekdi fwm aqZef;u pOf;pm;rdcJh w,f/ rsufpdESpfv Hk; &SdwmrdkY
ypnf;awG& JU wnf &SdrI wkdif; rSm xk xnf jcm;em;vmwmudk yef ;csDorm; wkd if;
yef;csDq GJprS myJ odw,f/ 'gayr,fh aqZef;u 'g[m odyfta&;BuD; w,fv dkY
tav;teuf xm;cJhw,f/
a&SUyk dif;u tify&uf &Sif; orm;awG[m tvif;a&mifaMumifh j'yfxk&J U
yHkoPmefrS m xkxnf ay:vmwm awG UcJh Muw,f/ 'J*wf& UJ yef; csDawG rSmvIy f&Sm;rI

Typing

Inc ubuz

122

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

jrefqefwJhtcg ay:vmwJh j'yfxk[k tvif ;a&mif&JU dkufc wfrIe JY ay:atmif


qGJcJhw,f/
aqZef;u oljrif& wJh tjrifESp frsKd ;&JU Mum;rSm &SdaewJ h nDnGwfr I
(tEky#davmr) &,f? tjrifES pfrsKd;eJY Mum;rSm &SdwJh qefYu sifrI &,fukd aygif;pnf;
vdkufw,f/ 'Dvkd aygif;qGJrSvnf ; rSefuefr,fvdk Y aqZef;[m ,lqvmw,f/
ol[m acgif;udk a&TUNyD; Munfh w,f/ Munfhwkdi f; Icif;u ajymif; oGm;wJh
jrifuG if;ukd buftrsKd;rsKd ;u csqGJvdku fw,f/ opfyifwpf yifuk d MunfhNyD;qGJ& if
opfyifE Spfyif okH;yif jzpfv mw,f/ 'Dopf yifawG[ m xyfcsifvnf; xyf aer,f/
'Dvdk rsufvHk;&JU tjrifukd qGJzdk U Bud K;pm;rI[m usLApf yef;csDudk rsKd;aphcsay;cJhwmyJ
jzpfw,f/
aemufykd if; olY &JU yef;csDum;awG rSm tjzLrsuf ESmjyif (Sapce)trsm;BuD;
csefcJhw wfw,f/ ol 'Dvdk csefcJh wm wrifcsefchJw m jzpfw,f/ 'Dvdk csefcJw
h J htwGu f
usefaewJh ta&mifawGe JY rsOf ;awG[m ydkNyD; tm;aumif; vmw,f/ aemuf aqZef;&J U
&nf&G,fc sufuawmh tjzL rsufES mjyif[m jrifu Gif;ajymif;vJrI aMumifh jzpfvmwJh
xkxnf ajymif;vJr IMum;rSm bmrS xnfhoG if;r&wJhtwGuf abmifckay;wJh oabm/
aemufwpf csufu jrifu Gif; a&GUvsm;rI ukd jznfhq nf;NyD; pOf;pm;zkdY rsufE Smjyifwpf c k
ay;vdkufwJ hoabm/ qkdv dkwmu toHr JhNyD; Nidrfouf ae&if yJhwif xyfEk difw,f/
ta&mifrJha erS ta&mif&J U a&GUvsm;rIukd jrifEkdi fr,f/ tjzLa&mif rsufESm jyifr Sm
ta&mifeJY j'yfxk& JU xkxnfe JU a&G Uvsm;rIudk &SmazGzkd Uvdk U aqZef;u ajymcJhw,f/
]a&EGm;u opfyifawG} (Trees by the water) qdkwJ h yef;csDum;[m
aqZef;&J U t,ltqeJY qGJv dkufwJh yef;csDum;yJ jzpfw,f/ aqZef; &JU 'Gd[
oabmawGaMumifh yef;csDu m;[m 0dk ;w0g; jzpfa ew,f/ 'gaMumif hyJ yef; csDum;[m
xkxnf &Sdv mw,f/ opfyifawG[m wpfyifwnf;vm;? ESp fyifv m; raocsmbl;/
ESpfyif ok H;yif jzpfa ewmawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ pkwf &mav;awGukd tuGufuav;awG
vkyfNyD; qGJx m;vdk U t&Sdefoabmygaew,f/ 'D yef;csDum;[m IaxmifhtrsKd;rsKd;
Typing

Inc ubuz

123

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

ajymif ;NyD ; jrif &wJh (Variation)awGtwkdif; aqZef; qGJcJh wmyJ jzpfw,f/


'Dyef;csDum;&JU pGrf;aqmifEk difrI uawmh yef;csDum;[m MunfholawG& JU a&SUrSm&Sd w Jh
jrifuG if;twkdif ; jrif& wJhtaMumif;yJ/
aqZef;rwkd ifcifu yef;csDum;csyfawG[ m jywif;aygufwpf cku jrif&wmv kd
xkxnf tm;raumif;bJ tem;owfeJYPrespectiveavmufy J jzpfaew,f/
MunfholawGeJY uif;vGwfa ew,f/ ulab;u wHcg;zGi hfNyD; Icif;xJ u xGufz dkY
BudK;pm;w,f/ aqZef;uawmh rSefu kd dkufcGJ? jywif; aygufudk ausmfx GufNyD;
Icif;xJ a&muf atmif oGm ;cJhw,f/ ]a&em;u opf yifawG}rSm yef;csDo rm;a&m?
MunfholawGyg Icif;eJY a&maxG;NyD; yef;csD um;xJ a&mufoGm;w,f/
aqZef;&J U yef; csDum;awG[m Munfhol awGukd Icif ;xJ ac:NyD;
yl;aygif;cJhayr,fh yef;csDu m;u tjyifxGuf NyD; Munfho leJY yl;aygif; wJhoabmudk
yDumqdke JY b&ufw dkYu toHk; jyKcJ hw,f/ 'gudk aemufykdi f;rSm xyfNyD; wif jyygr,f/
ta&;BuD;wmu
aqZef;&J U
aemuf ykdif;
yef;csDorm;awG[m
j'yfxk&J U
xkxnfoabmeJU jrif uGif; &JU vIyf& Sm;rIukd ydkNyD; tmHkpkdufvmw,f/ xkwfazmfz dkY
BudK;pm;vmMuw,f/
'Ddvdk Bud K;pm;Mu&mrSm xkxnfoabmukd teD; pyfqH k; jyEk difzd kYu
tjrifESp fck&S dwJh j'yf xkudkqufpyfz dkYu jyemjzpfvmw,f/ b,fvdk qufpyf
wifjyrvJ? aemuf ykdif ;rSm j'yfxkud k jrif& wJh tjriftwkd if; j'yfom; awGtjzpf
cGJxkwfquf pyfr I[m txda&mufqHk ;yJqdkw m awGUvmjyefw,f/ ta&;BuD;wmu
cGJxkwfwJ h j'yfom;awG[m nDnGw frI tav;csde feJY zGJY pnf;rI tcsKd ;tpm; ajyjypfz dkY
t"duuswJh jyem jzpfvmw,f/
wjznf; jznf;eJY cJGxkw fzkd U BudK;pm;Mu&if; rsOf;aMumif; &JU a&G Uvsm;rI
oabmudk awG UMuwJ htcg ypnf;&J U j'yf xkukd rsOf;ajzmif heJY zGJ Upnf ;xm;wJh xkxnf
trsKd;rsKd ;tjzpf cG Jxkwfwm[m txda&mufqH k;yJqd kwm awGUvmMu w,f/
pwif BudK;pm;MuolawGuawmh yDumqdkeJ U b&uf
Typing

Inc ubuz

(Braque)wkdYygyJ/

124

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

125

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

yDumqdk[ m usLApfyef; csD&J U obm0udk pwif awGY&Sdo l? usLApf obm0udk


tpOfwpdkuf azmf xkwfolw pfa,muf jzpfw,f/ yDumqd keJY usLApfZif;yef;csD[m
cGJjcm;vdkY r&bl;/ yDumqdk &JU ]atADEGefu rde f;uav;rsm; (Les Dinoiselles de
Avignon)qdkwJh yef;csDum;taMumif ; ravhvmcif usLApfZif; yef;csD &JU dkufcwfrI e JY
oabmw&m;tcsKdU wif jycsifygw,f/
jrifuG if;&J U xkxnfoabmeJY vIyf&Sm;rI tajccHudk rsOf ;ajzmifhawG?
axmifhawG ? a&mifjyiftuGufawG eJY wif jyzdkY BudK;pm;MuwJ htcgrSm usLApfZif ;[m
arG;zGm ;vmcJh w,f/ omref vlawGtzdk Y ypnf ;[m ysufpD;oG m;w,fvd kY ajymayr,fh
'DvdkcGJ xkwfrIa Mumifh ypnf ;&JUxkxnf[m rsufjrifxkxnfem;uk d odyfe D;uyfv mwm
awGY&w,f/
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jzpfovd k usaemfw kdYacwf rSm tus,fjyefYqH k; vTrf; rdk;aewJh yef;csDynmvnf;
jzpfwmaMumifh 'gukd tao;pdwf avhvmzdkY vdkygw,f/ uaeY pdwZyef;csD &JUu@rSm
usLApfZif ;[m ta&;BuD ;wJh ae&muygaew,f/
usLApfZif ;[m bmaMumifh ay:vmwmvJ qdkwmudkawmh tusOf;csKyf
wifjycJhNyD;ygNyD/ b,fvkd tusKd ;aus;Zl; &Sdw,fq dkwm avhvmMunfh &atmif/
usLApfZif ;enf;twkd if; ypnf;&JU j'yfo m;ukd axmifh cRefawG ? rsOf;
ajzmif hawGeJ Y cGJjcrf;vdku fwJhtcgrSm yef;csDu m;eJY zG JYpnf; rI xkxnf ykd NyD; tm;aumif;
vmw,f/ ykdNyD;vnf ; qef;opfvmw,f/ tEkynmykdif; rSmvnf ; zefwD;rIoabmu
ydkNyD ;av;euf us,f jyef Yvmw,f/ ypnf;wpfckuk d b,fvdk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmoih fw,f
qdkwm odyf pOf;pm;vm&w,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzih f yef;csDum;&JU tEky #davmru ykdNyD;
eufIdif;vmw,f/ ta&mifawG& JU wH kUjyefrI ? rsOf;aMumif;awG &JU wHkUjyefr I? zG JUpnf;rIeJ U
wHkUjyefrI ? t"duypn f; Subject Matter eJ Y ywf0 ef;usif &JU wHkYjyefrI ? 'gawG
tm;vHk;[m usLApfZif; rSm ydkr dk tm;aumif ;vmw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

126

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Dhtjyif usLApfZif;[m yef;csDqd kwJh a0g[m&ukd ykdr dk rSef uefw,f/


wu,fawmh usLApfZif;[m ESpfq,f &mpk yef;csDtm;vHk;udk arG;zGm ;ay;vk dufwmyJ/
t&ifwkef;u yef;csDu m;awG[m vl Yrvkdi fvTmawGeJY jynfhESu faew,f/
eef;awmf awG? a&uefawG ? ausmufawmif BuD;awG&SdwJ h O,smOfawG ? ppfol &Jaumif;
awG? r;rwf BuD;awG&JU yH kawmfawG/ 'gawGyJ qGJcJhw,f/ 'gawGu vGJ&if yef; csDqGJv dkY
r&bl;qdkw Jhoabm oufa&mufaew,f/ yef ;csDqk dwm *kPfoa&&Sdw mawG
qGJwJh[myJqkdwJ h tajctaersKd ;/
'gawGudk usLApfZif;u awmfvSefc Jhw,f/ usLApfZif;[m &J&J0 Hh0Hh uk vm;xkd i f
wpfck&J U yHku dk csqGJ cJhw,f/ qGJ &ifvnf ; jzpfw,fvdk Y jycJhw,f/ usLApfZif; yef;csD[m
'Dxufykd NyD; vlawmxJudk qif ;vmcJ hw,f/ yef;csDq dkwm jynfoltm;vH k;&J U OpmyJv dkY
a<u;aMumfcJh w,f/ omref wa,mwpfvuf? owif ;pmwpfapmif? aqmhaewJh
uav;wpfa,muf pwJh vlawG&JU ywf0 ef; usifawGu dk qGJvmMuw,f/ 'g[m
yef;csD &JU vG wfvyfr IyJ/ bmudk qGJ&r,f? 'gawGud k yef; csDqGJ vdkY r&bl;qdk w Jh
t"dym,fr&Sd owfrSwf csufud k awmfvSef vdkufw myJ/
aemufNyD; oHk;pGJwJh ypn f;awGuvnf ; vGwfvyfv mw,f/ a&aq;eJY puL
'grSr[kwf uif;bwfe JU qDaq;qdkwJ h abmifudk &J&J0H h0Hh ausmfxGu f vdkufMuw,f/
olwkdU[m pdwf ul; tpte? qDpdrft0wfawG ? oHjzLypnf; wcsKd U?
opfom;twkdtpawG udk qufpyfNyD ; toHk;csvmw,f/ pkwftpm; acgif;NzD;wJh bD;
'grSr[kwf "m; (Palette knife)udk oHk;wJhtcgoHk;w,f/ vTpmukd oJeJYa &mNyD;
Textureaumif;atmif okH;vmMuw,f/
aemufNyD; enf;trsKd;rsKd;uk d a&mpyf toHk;jyKvmMuw,f/ qDaq;
um;csyfa y:rSm cJwHeJ U xyfNyD; a&;wJ htcg a&;w,f/ yef;csD&JU e,fy,f[m
odyfus,f jyefYv mw,f/ a&S;dk;tpGJ BuD;wJh avS eH"m;xpform;awGuawmh wDxGifr I?
vGwfvyfrI awGukd IwfcsMuw,f/ wm;qD; Muw,f/ 'gayr,fh olwkd Y[m
jywfjywfom;om; a&SUukd csDwuf cJhMuw,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

127

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

olwkdU[m olwkd Yyef; csDum;awGukd vlawGa &SUrSm csNyD; ]]uJ r[mqefNyD;


jrifh jrwfwJ h orm;dk;usenf; yJ BudKufovm;? acwfrD dk;om;NyD; yumoeuif; wJh
usKyfwdkY yef;csD yJ BudKufovm;}} vdkY a<u;aMumf cJhw,f/
avSeH"m;xpf dk;&mpGJ t,loD;olawG[ m awmfvSefa&; a&pD; aMumif;&J U
wkdufzsuf rIukd cH& rSmyJ/ usLApfawmfv Sefa&;udk wm;qD;olawG [mvnf; usLApf
awmfvSefa &;&J U t&Sdefatmuf rSm epf jrKyfoGm;cJhw,f/ usLApf Zif;yef;csD csyfawG[m
r[mqefcsifolawG &JU {nf hcef;udk a&mufvmw,f/ orm;dk; usyef; csDawG e JY
NiD;aiG Yp&m aumif;aewJ h jywdku fawG[m usLApf Zif; yef;csDawGeJ Y pdkjynfvmw,f/
awmfvSef &J&if holawG[ m tNrJatmifvH vTi fhaerSmygyJ/

Typing

Inc ubuz

128

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

usLApfZif ;tjrifu dkawmh tusOf; csKyf NyD; azmfjyzdYk rvG,fvSb l;/txl;ojzifh


'g[myef;csDorm;&JU ukd,fy kdifawG ;ac:rIyJ/ kyfNidrf wpfcku dk b,fvdk cGJjcrf;NyD;
a&;r,f qdkw muawmh yef;csDorm;&JU ukd, fykdi f qHk; jzwfcsufeJY todPf
tawGYtBuHKwdkY ay:rS m wnfwJh txda&mufqHk; odrIa y:rSm wnfw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

129

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Dae&mrSm b&uf eJY yDu mqdkwdk Y&JU ]r,f'vif eJY aumifrav;} qdkw Jh
yef;csDu m;ESp fcsyfu kd wifjyvd kufygw,f/ yef;csDE SpfcsyfpvHk ;[m pHjy wpfckxJ u kd
MunfhqGJ cJhwm jzpfayr,f h yef;csDorm;&J U todPfeJY tawGY tBuHK jcm;em;rI aMumifh
usLApfZif ;csif ; wlayr,fh tajccHrSm tawmf jcm;em;wm awGY& w,f/ yDumqdk&J U
yef;csD rSm tvif;tarSmifu kd tajccHNyD ; cGJ jcrf ; cJhw,f/ b&uf[m aumufaMumif; eJY
a&mifjyifoabmukd tom;ay;NyD; qG JcJhw m jzpfw,f/ 'Dvkd tjrif jcm;em;rI e JY
tawGUtBuHKt& wifjyrI rwlnDvdkY yef ;csDum;awG&J U qGJaqmiftm;[m
jcm;em;vmw,f/ 'D ae&mrSm usaemfwdkY em;vnf xm;zk dYu yef ;csDorm;wpfa ,muf&J U
t&nftaoG;ay:rSm wnf NyD; yef;csDum;wpfcsyf [m ykd NyD; tm;aumif ;vmEk difw,f/
'g[mvnf; yef;csDorm;&JU tEkynmt&nftaoG;eJY tawGYtBuHKay:rS m wnfw,f/
usaemfwkd UView masterqdkw Jh uav;awG MunfhwJh tkyfum; awGrSm
jzpfjzpf? yx0D0ifb momrSm aumif; uifu dkufwJh ajryHkw pfckud k MunfhwJ htcgrSm
jzpfjzpf MunfhwJ htcgrSm j'yfom;awG[m rsufjriftwdki f; xkoH k;zuf Three
Dimension &Sd wmudk awG Y&w,f/ 'Dvdk jzpfaerI[m usLApfZif; &JU tajccHyJ/
aqZef;&J U &nf&G,f csuf tqHk;owfy kdif;[mvnf; 'gyJ/
'Dvdk Munfhz kdU dkufwJh Camera [m ESpfv Hk; &Sdw,f/ rsufpdwpfvHk; twGu f
wpfckeJY tjcm;rsuf pdwpfv Hk;twGuf wpfck/ uifr&m ESpfvH k;[m rsufp dwpfvH k;pD&J U
taetxm;twkdif; dkufwJhtcg rsufpdwpfvHk;pDu jrif &wJh tjrif rsKd;udk &vmr,f/
'DtjrifE Spfcku kd a&myl;NyD; rsufp dESpfv Hk;eJY MunfhwJ htcg rsufpdwpfvHk;pD[m
olUtjrif eJYol xyfw ljrif&wmrdkY 'Dtjrif[m obm0 usus jzpfvmw,f/
obm0rSm jrif&ovdk xkoHk;zuf oabmawG jrifvm&w,f/
'Doabmukd usLApfZif ;u tav;teuf xm;cJhw,f/ usLApfZif;&J U
&nf&G,fc sufuvnf; rsuf pdwpfv Hk;pDu jrif&wJ h tjrifESp fckudk yl;aygif;NyD;
wpfNyd Kifeuf MunfhEk difzd kYyJ/ xkoHk;zufudk qGJE kdifz dkYyJ/

Typing

Inc ubuz

130

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'Dvdk tjrifE SpfrsKd;udk yef;csDw pfcsyfxJrS m aygif;qGJvk dufw,f/ wpfcg


wpf&HrS m xkxnftm; aumif;vmr,fqdk &if tjrifESpf rsKd;xufykdw Jh tjrif u dk
yl;aygif;w,f/ 'D vdk j'yfxk &JU buftrsKd;rsKd;u tjrifawGu dk yl;aygif;wJhtcg
j'yfxk[ m bmyJjzpfjzpf tmumo SpacerSm &nfwnfrI rSm;,G if;oG m;r,f/ 'Dv dk
rSm;,Gi f;rI[m qef;opfwJh tjrifu dk jzpfa y:apNyD; yef ;csDum;&JU zGJY pnf;rI[m
tm;aumif;vmw,f/
obm0usrItwGu f usLApfZif ;[m ay:xGufvmwm jzpfayr,fh
wjznf; jznf;eJY obm0udk qef Yusifw Jh enf;vrf;bufu dk usLApfZif ;[m
a&mufvmw,f/ tEkynmqefwJh zefwD;csuftjzpf wkd ;wufvmw,f/
rlv usLApfZif ;vdk j'yf om;udk a&mifjyiftuGufawG ? rsOf;awG eJY cGJxkw fwm
r[kwfbJ a&mif jyiftuGuf awGeJY rsOf; awGukd j'yf rJh usLApfZ if;tjzpf yl;aygif;
vkdufwmygyJ/ 'Dvkd yl;aygif; wJh usLApfZif;[m yk drdkxG ef;um; vmNyD; pD ;yGm;a&;
aMumfjime,f xJrSm us,fus,f jyefYjyefY vTrf;rdk ;oGm;w,f/ uaeY pD;yGm;a&;
aMumfjimawG[ m usLApfZ if;eJ Y rvGwfbl;vdkYawmif ajymEkdifw ,f/
yDumqdk& JU ]atADEGefu rdef ;uav;rsm;} qdkwJh yef;csDum;ukd jyefNyD;
aqG;aEG;&atmif/ 'Dum;ukd 1907 ckE SpfrS m a&;qGJcJ hwm jzpf w,f/ usLApfZif ;[m
]'Drdef;uav;rsm;} yef ;csDu m;rSm pw,fvdkY Oa&my a0zefa&; orm;awGu
wnDwnGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfMuw,f/ tJ'DESpf aqmif;OD ;aygufrS m yDumqd k[m
rdef;uav;rsm; yef ;csDum;ukd a&;qG JcJhw,f/
yef;csDu m;[m trsKd ;rsKd; jyifNyD ; qGJcJh &w,f/ xyfcgwvJvJ ajymif; qGJw,f/
aemufqHk; tNyD;rowf bJ 'Dtwkdif ;xm;vd kufw,f/ yxrqGJ wJh yHkr Sm a,mufs m;
ESpfa,muf&JU ykH ygw,f/ aemufawmh jyif&if ; jyif& if;eJY aemufqHk; jynfhwefqm
ig;a,muf&J UyHky J usefawmh w,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

131

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'DyHkukd Munfh&if rdef;rig;a,muf&J UyHk udk tuGufvkduf tuGufvk du f


cGJxkwfz dkY BudK;pm;xm;wm awGY&w,f/ yDyD jyif jyif r[kwfayr,fh yef;csDu m;
wpfckvHk ;[m usLApfZif;enf;emawG vTrf;aew,f/
yDumqdk& JU yef;csD a&mif ;&if;awG[m 'Dum;ud k MunfhNyD; vefYzsyfoG m;
Muw,f/ vefYvnf ; vefYp &myJ/ rd ef;rawG &JUyHkudk 'Dvdk&uf&ufpufpuf wpfcgrS
razmfjyzl;wJ h yDumqd k[m vlaovdk jyL;aewJh rsufv Hk;eJY tom;yHk BuD; vdk
qGJxm;wm[m pdwfrcsrf;omp&myJ/ 'Dyef;csDukd qGJc sdwfcsdefrS m yDumqd k[m
pydefa&S;a[mif;kyfwkawG eJY tmz&du rsuf ESmzH k; yef;ykawG&J U vTrf;rdk;rI u kd
cHae&ygw,fvd kY 0efcH cJhw,f/ usLApfZif;eJY ywfouf NyD; ...
]]usaemfwdkY usLApfZif;udk qGJMuwk ef;u 'gudk wDxGifr,f vdkY r&nf& G, f
ygbl;/ usaemfwkdY cHpm;csuftwkdif ; qGJcJ hwmyJ jzpfygw,f}} vdk U yDumqdu
k
ajymch Jw,f/
'Dyef;csDum;[m 1937 ckESpftxd (ESpfaygif ; oHk;q,fw kdifatmif)
yef;csD jyyG JawGrS m rjybJ odrf;xm;cJh &w,f/ 'DtawmtwGif ; yef; csDum;ukd Munf h&
olawGuawmh olY&J U a&mif;&if;awGygyJ/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; b&ufeJ Y yDumqdkwdk Y[m
usLApfZif ;udk xlaxmif zkdU Bud K;pm;cJhMuw,f/ olwkdYESpf a,muf& JU vuf&m[mvnf;
cGJr&atmif wl cJhw,f/ tJ'Dvdk b0uaeNyD ; zefwD;rI tykdif;udk a&mufvmawmh
usaemf wif jycJh wJh ]r,f'vifeJY rd ef;uav;yHk} vkd tajctaersKd; a&mufvmw,f/
aemufydk if;rS m yDumqd k&JU ]wa,m} qdkw Jh tqifhrsKd;xd wdk;wufvmw,f/
'Dyef;csDum;[m wu,fh owif;pmpuLeJU uwfjym;awGu kdqufp yfNyD; tay:u
qDaq;eJY rsOf;aMumif ;awG? t&d yfawG vd kufxnfh NyD; qGJcJ hwm jzpfw,f/
'DvdkqGJ enf;[m Mum&Sn f odyfrcHbl;/ 'gaMumifh aemuf ykdif ;rSm 'D enf;ud k qDaq;eJY yJ
qGJzdkU wDx GifcJ hw,f/ yDumqdk &JU ]*Dworm;oHk; a,muf} [m 'Dvdk wDx GifrI rsKd;yJ/

Typing

Inc ubuz

132

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

aemufykd if;rS m zefwD; csufouf ouf usLApfZif;awG [m yef; csDavmuukd


vTrf;rdk ;oGm;w,f/ a&mifjyifawGeJ Y TexturerwlwJ h ta&mifawGuk d qufpyfNyD;
tm;aumif;wJ h aygif;pyfrIa wG[m tEkynm&J U zefwD;csuf xdyfwef;uk d a&mufvm
w,f/ usLApfZif;[m uaeYurmt&yf&yf ukd a&muf &Sd ysHUESHYa eNyD jzpfw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

133

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

134

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

usaemfwdk Yacwfr Sm yef;csD[m ydk NyD; awmfv Sefa&;usw,f/ us,fjyefYw,f/


wpfcgwpf&Hr Sm ydkr dk IyfaxG;oa,mif xif&w,f/ wkd;wufrI t&Sde ft[ke f
odyfBuD ;vGef;vdkYenf ;vrf;toG, foG,f[m cGJjcrf;vdk Y r&Ekd if avmufatmif IyfaxG;
qufpyfaew,f/
usaemfwdk Yacwf& JU yef;csDtEkynm&,f ]vGwfvyfrI} qdkwmukd usaemf t&if
wifjyygr,f/ yef;csDqdkw m q&mwpfql &JU ynm&yfwpf ck r[kwfbJ jynf olawG&J U
tvSty zefwD;rIqd kwJh a0g[m&[m uaeY odyf NyD; us,fus,favmifavmif
[pfa<u;vmMuygw,f/ vufawGUrSmvnf ; Oa&myeJ Y tm&S wdk;wufwJh Ekdif iHawGr Sm
yef;csDo rm;awG rIdv dkaygufaew,f/ oufarG;0rf; ausmif ; pHkuefNyD; yef;csDaemuf u kd
waumufaumuf vdkufolawG &S dw,f/
taysmfwrf; yef ;csDuawmh ajymraeeJ U? pm&if;aumufvdkYawmif r&avmuf
atmif aygrsm;w,f/
yef;csD &JU aps;EI ef;[mvnf; avsmhusoGm ;w,f/ yef;csDa&;qGJol txl;ojzihf
taysmfwrf;awG t&rf;rsm;jym;vmwmrdk Y yef;csDum;csyfawG[m yvlysHaeatmif
ae&mwumrSm awGYv m&w,f/ wpfc sdefu eef;awmfBuD; awG&J U crf; em;wJh taqmif
awmfawG? &J wkduf BuD;awG eJY vluHkx HawG&J U {nfhcef; awmfrS mom 0if h0ifh <um;<um;eJY
csdwfqGJx m;cJhw Jh yef;csDum;csyfawG[ m omref vufvkyf vufpm; wpfa ,muf&J U
tdrfudk qif;vmw,f/
yef;csDu m;&J U wefqmrqifwJh ae&mqdkwm &SmrawGYEk difatmif us,f jyef U
vmw,f/ vl&JU rsufvH k;&Sdw Jh ae&mwkdi f;rSm yef; csD&J U t&dyfawGukd awGY&w,f/
txnf tqifqef;awG? ukefy pnf;awG &JU 'DZkd if;awG ? tdrfyHkpH awG ? Taqmuf
ttHkBuD;awG? kyfwkBuD;awG rsufvH k;eJU jrifEdk ifwJh ae&mwkdif; rSm usaemf wkdUacwf
yef;csDtEk ynm&J U vTr f;rdk; aewJh t&d yfta,mifa wG jrifEkd ifwJh ae&mwk dif;rSm
usaemfwdk Yacwf yef ;csDtEky nm&J U vTrf;rd k;aewJ h t&dyfta,mifawG jrifw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

135

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'DtcgrSm
yef;csD[m
wkd;wufvmwmeJYtrQ
tdk;om;qHk; yHkpHu kd
a&mufvmw,f/ yef;csDorm;&J U ynmjy? pGrf;&nfjy yHkp HuaeNyD; tvStyukd
zGJYpnf; rItjzpfeJU tdk;om;qH k; yHkoPmefu dk a&mufv mw,f/
'DtcgrSm vG,foa,mif eJY cufwJh tqpftykdif;awG &Sdvmw,f/
nHhoa,mif eJY aumif;wmawG? aumif;oa,mifeJY nHhwmawG/ 'gawGukd yef;csD&J U
jyemtjzpf awGUvm&w,f/ bmyJ jzpf jzpf jynfo lawGu tqHk; tjzwf
ay;oGm;wmyJ/ yef;csDu m;aumif;wpf csyfeJ U tnHhpm;wpfck[m w'*F rS mom
qifwlEkd ifNyD; a&&SnfrS m ,SOfNyd KifE kdifp Grf; b,fvdkr S&Sdr Sm r[kwfygbl;/ yef;csDu m;
aumif;awGu kd orkdi f;u a&G;xkw fNyD ; jywdku fBuD;awGrSm tyfE SHcJh wmygyJ/
yef;csD &JU wd k;wufr I[m t&Sde fBuD;vGef;wJhtwGuf usaemfwkd Y acwf& JU ur m h
yef;csD[ m xkdifae&pfolawGudk ausmuf acwf&J U tpykdif;avmuf ukd ykd Uypfvd kufw,f/
'gawGukdawmh wcsKd Uu rodvkduf Mubl;/ ]teDa&mif tpuf} uav; wpfpufu kd
tm;aumif;atmif xdef; xm;Ek difwJh pGrf; &nf&Sd &ifvnf ; 'guav;[myJ yef; csDaumif;
wpfcsyf jzpf vmrSm yJ/ rsOf;aMumif; wpfaMumif;ud k tm;aumif;atmif zGJ Upnf; jyEkd i f
&ifvnf; 'g[m yef; csDum;aumif; wpfcsyf jzpfrS myJ/
usaemf wifjycJhNyD;jzpfwJh yef; csDtEkynm&JU
usaemfwdk Uacwf rSm ydk NyD; xifx if&S m;&Sm ; awGU&Edkifw,f/

a,bk,svuPm[m

yef;csD[ m obm0ukd ukef Murf ;tjzpf toHk ;jyKNyD; aemuf vl&JU puKtmHk
uae wpfqifh vl&J U pdwZukd EId;qGzdkY abmifcwfx m;wJh rsufE Smjyif wpfcka y:rSm
zefwD;xm;wJh 0dZm ynm&yfyJ/
'gudk usaemfwkdYu xyfz efwvJv J pOf;pm;NyD; ESvH k;onf;yGwfxJr Sm
epfaeatmif rSwfx m;&if t&m&m[m acwf&J UoabmeJ Yvkdufa vsm nDaxG
jzpfay:vmrSmyJ/

Typing

Inc ubuz

136

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

usaemfwdk Uacwf yef ;csD[ m 'DvuPmukd trdt& zrf;qkyf NyD; wpf& Sdefx dk;
csDwufcJh w,f/ zrf;qkyfrdv mwJhtcgrSm 'DvuPm&JU t"duusrI enf;emtwkd if;
zefwD;Muw,f/ 'gukd em;rvnfEkdif MuolawG[mawmh ausmufacwf& JU tpykdif;rSm
rsufpdoi,feJY xkdi fusef& pfcJh awmhwmyJ/
usaemfwdk Y[m 20 &mpkrS m arG;zGm;vmwm jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh 20 &mpk&J U
dkufcwfrIt& usaemfwdk U[m 20 &mpk&JU todPfeJY a0zefr I awG &Sdw,f/
'gaMumifh yef;csDorm;[m 20 &mpk yDo wJh wif jyrI rsKd; ukd zefwD;&rSmyJ/
acwfwpfacwf&JU tjrifu kd tJ'Dacwf&J U zefw D;rIe JY wif jyzdk Y qdkw m[m
tEkynm&yfw kdif; &JU rvGJ raoG xrf;aqmif& r,fh wm0efyJvdk Y usaemf ,lqw,f/
qif,ifxHk ;zGJY rIrSm Munfh/
uaeY acwfrSm qHyifwpfxG mavmuf eJY xbDudk Bud K;uspf NyD; 0wf Muw,f/
'g[m acwf&JU okyfyJ/ acwfwpfacwf& JU awmif ;qdkr It& jzpfvmwJh
tvStyzefwD;rI yHkpHtopf yJ/ acwfwpfacwf&J U tjrifud k tJ'Dacwf& JU yHk pHeJY xyfw l
xyfrQ wifjywmyJ/
'gayr,fh xkd ifrodr f;tuseJY AvmxbDud k 0wf NyD; 20 &mpk&J U
0wfpm;qif,ifr Iudk vm,S Of&if 'g[m usaemfwdk Yacwf& JU okyfouef r[kwfbl;/
xkdifrod rf;eJY AvmxbD[ m rEav; &wemyHkacwfrSm uk efqHk; oGm;NyD/ 'g[m
&mZ0if&J U okyfouef oufoufyJ/ uaeUacwf eJY vdkufavsm nDaxG rI &Sd&r,f/
raeYu tEkynmrsKd ;eJY twlwl ,SOfvkdY r&bl;/ raeYwkef; uvnf; 'gyJ?
uaeYvnf; 'gyJ? reuf jzefvnf; 'gyJ qdk&ifawmh 'g[m &yfaewmyJ/ wkd;wuf r I
r&SdwJhtaMumif;t&mwpfck yJ/ wkd;wufrIr&SdwJh taMumif;t&mawGudk orkdi f;u
vHk;0vufr cHbl;/ orkdi f;rSm &S daewJh ypn f;wkd if;[m wkd; wufrItNrJ&Sda e&r,f/
orkdif;qdkwJh
tpDtpOfwpfck yJ/
Typing

Inc ubuz

a0g[m&udk, fwkdif

tNrJ

puefY rvyf

wkd;wufaewJh

137

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

uaeYacwfud k usaemfwdkY jrefrmjynfrS m b,fvkd pum;rsKd ;awG


us,fus,fjyefY jyefY ajymaeMuovJ/ jrefrmjynf[ m acwfaemufusw,f/ 'Dv kd
ajymMuw,f/ jrefr mjynf[m acwfaemufusaew,f/
'gayr,fh bmaMumifh jrefr mjynf[m acwfaemufusaeovJ qdkwmukd
rpOf;pm;Mubl ;/
usaemfwdk Y jrefr mawG[m 'Dvd k avSeH"m;xpf rpGef Yypfc sif? rpG efYypf &Jw Jh
0g'orm;awG rsm;w,f/ avS[m a&G Uaew,f/ a&pD ;aMumif;eJ Y arsmyg aew,f/
"m;uswJha e&m[m usefcJh NyDq kdwm rod Mubl;/ "m;uswJhae&m[m "m;xpfxm;wJh
ae&myJvd kY wxpfcs zufwG,fx m;Muw,f/ acwfa&pD; aMumif ;&JU tvsOf u kd
owdrrlrd Mubl;/
uaeY EkdifiHrsm;pG m&JU ,Ofaus;rIawG[ m acwfeJYvdk ufnDpG m wdk;wuf
aew,f/ uaeYacwf yef;csDqdk wm jyprf;qdk&if xkwf jyvdkuf rSmyJ/ usaemfw dkY
awGuawmh 'grsKd; ody fjrifzl;wmrS r[kw fbJ/ (usaemfwdk UqDu acwfo pf
acwfrDqdk wJh enf;emawG[mawmif rS acwfwpfacwfavmuf usefc JhNyDqdkwmvnf;
avhvmolawG odrS mygyJ/) tif; tJ eJY yg;pyfawG [&rSm aygh/ rif;wdkY jref rmjynfu
uaeYacwf yef ;csDawG jyprf; yguGmqdk &if usaemfwdkY bmawG xkw fjyMu&rvJ/
vGefcJhw Jh tESpf ig;q,f ausmfu OD;baZmfw kdY? OD;bPfwdkY t*Fv efu
wifoGif;vmwJh 0dwdk &d, tify&uf&S if;yef;csDawGudkyJ aemifvm aemufo m; q&mh
q&mBuD; rsm;u qufcH tarG,lv mwJh jrefr mtify&uf &Sif; yef;csDawGukd y J
xkwfjy&rSmyJ/ uJ - 'gawG[m Oa&myeJY *syefp wJh wdk;wufwJ hEkdi fiHawG rSm 1800
jynfhavmufwnf;u xG ef;um;NyD; cJhygNyD/ 'gawG[m ta[mif; taqG;awG ygvdkY
xifMuawmhrSm yJ/
'g[m acwfa&pD;&J U wdk;wufrIukd rodwJ hoabm? acwf&J U xif[ yf
dkufcwfrIeJY reD; pyfwJh oabm? urmt&yf &yfeJ Y ESD; aESmqufET,f rI uif; wJh
oabmawGyJ/
Typing

Inc ubuz

138

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

uaeYacwfr Sm 0wKwpfyk'f ukd ...


ckepf&ufajrmuf rkd;aomuftcg ocsFmyrmP wukrz GJY ESpfq,fh ckepfw if;
ESpfpdwf 0ifaom om;a&tdwfBuD ;xJokd Y yJcGyfykq def BudK;Budrf aygufwl; aqmuf pl;
"m;r vTBuD; vTi,f r,feoHcsdwf t&yf&yf wefqm pm;&du mr<uif;
xnfhoGif; NyD;vQif wukr 0if aom om;a&tdwf BuD;ukd tomaumuf,l ycHk;
vG,fonf uGrf;tpf i,f wpfvHk ;rQom av;ownf;/
(OD;ykn ? q'efqifrif; 0wK 80 &efu kefwuo dkvf pmyHkESd yfwdku f)
'Dvdk a&;Muovm;/ 'Dvd ka&;vdk Y usaemfw dkY acwfv lawGu rBudKuf Mu
awmhbl;/ [dka cwf [dktcg olY pmeJY olUq&mawmh odyf BudKuf MurS maygh/ olwdkYa cwf
okyf[m 'Dvdk wifjyrIe JY jynfhpH kwJhacwfyJ/ usaemfwkd U acwf[m OD;yknacwf?
tcsKyfwef; q&mazwdkY acwf r[kwfa wmhygbl;/
xdkUaemuf ciftHku
]zG[Jh vGJygap? z,f ygap} [k qdkNyD;vQif rdrd jrifrufonfqkd aom
tdyfrufrsm;udk jyefMum;ajymqdkonf rSm
]]q&mBuD;&J U yxr jrifrufw Jh tdyfrufuawmh uRefr u cJzG,f abmZOf
tcsKd tcsOf pHkvifp GmES ifh r[mjrwfrk ed bk&m;BuD; oGm;NyD; qG rf;uyfo wJh}}
(ocifudk, fawmf rIdif; rS mawmf yHk/ 168 yk*Hpmtky f)
'Dvkd a&;MuwJh acwfvnf ; r[kwfbl;/ 'grsKd ;u 1916 ckausmfausmf
avmufu ta&;tom;/ 'grsKd;ud kvnf; cka cwfrS m &o rcHMuawmhbl ;/ vlawG[m
olYacwfeJ Y olYtcg dkufcwfrIa wGay:rSm rDSwnfwJ h wifjyrIrsKd;ukd om vufc Havh
&Sdw,f/ usaemfwdk Uacwfr Sm b,fvdk ta&;tom;rsKd; ukd ESpfoufv mMuNyDvJ/
Armpmay[m Form rSmawmh acwfa &pD;uk d tvsOftrD vdkuf Ekdif cJhw,fv dkY usaemf
ajym&J w,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

139

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'DvkdyJ tbufbufrS m usaemfwd kY[m acwfa&pD;&J U tvsOfu kd


jrifawG Uae&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'grS usaemfwdkYacwf okyfouef[m yDor,f/
usaemfwdk Y qHk;jzwfx m;Ekd ifzkd Yuawmh ]raeUu[mawG[m 'DuaeYypnf ;awG
r[kwfbl;} qdkwmygyJ/
uaeUacwf rSm&S dwJh yef;csD&JU tajctaeuk d usaemftaeeJ U tMurf;zsif; yJ
wifjyEkdifp Grf; &Sd ygw,f/ usaemf vufvSrf ;rDoa&G U wifjy ygr,f/
uaeY usaemfwdk Uacwf rSm yef;csD[m usaemf ajymcJhovdk odyfNyD;
vGwfvyfw,f/ us,f jyef Uw,f/ yef;csDukd Painting wGi frubJ Graphic Arts
awGrSmyg avhvm&rSm jzpf w,f/ yef;csDr Smvnf; vuform; twwfe JY
yHkESdy ftwwfawGyg a&maygif ;vmNyDvnf; jzpfw,f/ bmyJ jzpf jzpf wif jyrIqkdif &m
enf;emawGukd t"dutm;jzihf oHk; ykdif ;cGJvd kY&vmw,f/
1/ obm0tm; xyfwlnDatmif wifjyrI
2/ kyfrJh j'yf rJh zefwD ;rI
3/ pdwZ vIHYaqmf zefwD;rI
'Dvdk oHk;ykd if;tm;jzihf t"ducGJ jcm;vdkY &w,f/ olYatmufrSm vrf;oG, fawG
ra&rwGuf Ekdifatmif &Sdygw,f/
obm0ukd xyfwlnD atmif wifjyw,fqkdw mu usaemfwdk Y 18
&mpkrwk difcif aqZef;wk dY? ulab;wdkYvd kyJ/ vlqdk& if vleJ Uwlatmif ? ypnf ;awG
qdk&ifvnf ; cRwfpG yfwlatmif qGJwJhenf;yJ/ 'gayr,fh ulab;wdkY ? aqZef;wkdY
vufxufrSm pkwf&mawG rIe fEkaeatmif qGJcJ hw,f/ ckacwfrSmawmh pkwf &m
ygcsifvnf; ygr,f/ ygcsifrSvnf ; ygr,f/ ta&mifrS mawmh awmfawmfav;
xl;jcm;vmw,f/ odyfawmufywJ h rlvta&mifeJY ESp fa&mifpyfvd kY qGJavh &Sdw,f/
ta&mifrSmawmh xl;xl; jcm;jcm;ukd ajymif;vJoGm;w,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

140

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

Draft Age1965

Jimmy&J U Age

of

Draft

udk wifjyxm;ygw,f/ olY& JU um;rSm


acwfvli,fw pfa,muf&JU yH kudk vlud k,fwkd if jrif&ovm; xif&atmif qGJ xm;w,f/
'gayr,fh ta&miftaoG;uawmh obm0xufyk dNyD ; awmufajymifvdk Y ta&mifuyJ
qGJaqmif rItiftm; awmfawmf BuD;aewm awGY&w,f/ txl;ojzif h Texture udk
ajymif ;xm;wJ htwGuf yef; csDum;[m Munf h&olawGu kd qef;opfwJh tawGYtBuHK
ay;w,f/ vlY&J U tom;? qHyifeJY tusrSm ygwJh ypnf; awG&J U TextureawG[m
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ajymif;aew,f/
Typing

Inc ubuz

141

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

olYtaz Andrew Wyeth [m Jimmy xuf yd kNyD ; TexturerSm


uRrf;usifw ,f/ Andrew &JU yef ;csDu m;awGud kawmh usaemf rwif jyEk difygbl;/
Andrew &JU yef;csDwkdi f;[m Texture rSm ajymif;xm;wmcsnf; yJ/ txl;ojzihf
Texture udk ndxm;wm awGY&w,f/
Oyrmtm;jzihf yef;uefvHk; udk qGJ&if a<u&J U ajymifvufrI rsKd; ? rmausm
rIrsKd; eJY qufpyf wJh oabmawGu kdvnf; ygatmifq GJxm;w,f/ wpfzuf uvnf;
yef;uef[ m azmheJY vky fxm;w,fvdkY xif&atmif aysmhy Gaeatmif qGJ xm;w,f/
'DtcgrSm Munfh& ol&J U tmHk[m wpfrsKd; jzpfoGm ;w,f/
olwdkYodwJ h yef;ueftppfyJ/ 'g[m olwd kY oHk;aeus yef;uef wpfcsyfyJ/
'gayr,fh awGYaeus yef;uefrsKd ;awmh r[kw fbl;;/ xl;jcm;rI awG a&maygif ;aew,f/
'Dvkd tmHkaxGjym;rIaMumifh Andrew&JU yef;csD um;[m tm;aumif ;vmw,f/
tckawmh Oa&myrSm Andrew&JY yef;csDenf;[m us,fus,f jyefYjyefY vTrf ;rdk;aeygNyD/
aemufykd if;rS m Andrew xuf ydkNyD; &J&ihfhwJh Textuerajymif;rIawGukdawmif
vkyfwmvm awG Y&w,f/
]kyfrJh j'yf rJh zefwD;rI} eJY ywfoufvdkYuawmh a&mifjyif0g'awGu kd
t"duxm;NyD; wifjy&rSm yJ jzpfw,f/ usaemfwd kY jref rmjynfrS mawmh a&mifjyif
0g'[m odyfrxGef;um;ao;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh tm;,lp jyKaewhJ a&mifjyif
tpteav;awGawmh usaemfw kdYr MumcP awGU&ygw,f/ usaemfhtaeeJ Y yef;csD&J U
enf;emtoG,fo G,frS m a&mif jyif0g'[m tiftm; aumif;wJh aygif;pyf r I
0dZmynmrdkYa&mif jyify ef;csD[m us,fus,f jyef YjyefY xGef;um;oifh w,fvdkY jrifw,f/
a&mifjyifoabmrSm us,fjyefYw Jh aq;a&miftuGu fBuD; awGudk yef; csD
orm;&J U uRrf;usifrIay:rS m wnfNyD; BudKufovkd aygif; pyf,lwJ h oabmyJ/
'Da&mif jyif yef;csD[m usLApfZif ;eJY qm&D&,fvpfZif;u qif ;oufvmwJh yef; csDenf; yJ
jzpfw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

142

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

ykHESdy ftwwf?
vuform;twwfawGeJY
a&maygif;xm;wJh
yef; csD
awGrSmvnf ; a&mifjyifyef;csDawG[m vTrf;rdk;aewmudk awGY&w,f/ usaemfw kdY
acwfukd a&mifjyifacwf vdkY ac:&rvm; rodbl;/ Oa&myeJY wkd;wufw Jh Ekdif i H
awmfawmfr sm;rsm;rS m a&mifjyifenf ;[m odyfus,fu s,fjyefYjyefY xGef;um; aewm
awGY&w,f/ e,l;a,mufrS m a&mif jyif awGukd oufouf jyxm;wJh yef;csDjywd ku f
wpfck &Sdw,f/ tJ'Djywdkufx J 0ifoGm ;wJhvl[ m tpuftajymuf awG? teDa&mif
t0kdif;BudK;? tjyma&mifav;axmifh eJY aygif; pyfxm;wJh ta&miftrsKd; rsKd;u vGJNyD;
bmrS jrif &rSm r[kw fbl;/
'Dvdk a&mif jyif yef;csDum;awG[m Oa&myrSmomru tm&Swdkuf rSmyg
us,fus,fjyefY jyefY xGef;um;aew,f/ *syef? tdEd,? zdvpf ykdif ? rav;&Sm; pwJh
EkdifiH rsm;rSm a&mif jyif yef;csDenf;awG[m yHkES dyf yHkul; ynm (Graphic Arts)awGe JY
twl wpf&Sdefxk d; csDwufaew,f/
'Dvdk a&mifjyifyef;csDu m;awG[m wpfur mvHk; rSm tESH Ytjym; xGef;um;aeNyD
jzpfw,f/ opfom; yHkES dyftwwfeJ U (teuf? tjzL) ESpfa&mif aygif; zGJYpnf;rItwGu f
zdvpfykd ifu dk*dkzdkqmrdkaw (Rogolfo Samonte)&JU oufNid rfyifv,f (Sea of
Tranquility) qdkwJh yef;csDum;ud k wifjyvd kuf ygw,f/ teufa&mif? tjzLa&mif u kd
Mum;u rD;cdk;a&mifcH NyD; aoaooyfoyf zGJ Upnf ;xm;wJ h yef;csD um;wpf csyfygyJ/
'gawG[m usaemfwdkYacwf&J U okyfvnf; jzpfw,f/ usaemf wdkY acwf&J U
&eHYrsm;vnf; jzpfygw,f/
'Dvdk yH kESdy f yHkul ; twwf[m usaemfwk dU jrefr mjynf rSm r&Sdo avmuf
jzpfaewm? wefzdk; rxm;Muwm 0rf ;enf; pzG,f awGU&ygw,f/ 'geJY ywfoufv dkY
yHkESdy f yHkul; twwf&J U enf;emwcsKd Uukd usaemf wifjy csifygw,f/
yHkESdy f yHkul; twwfudk oHk ;ykdi f; cGJxm;ygw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

143

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

1/ kyf<uyHkE Sdyf

(Relief)

2/ tcsKdihfxGif;

(Intaglio)

3/ rsufESmjyif

(Surface)

1/ kyf<uyHkE Sdyf

(Relief Engraving)

jzpfygw,f/

trsm; toHk;jyKaewJh kyf <uyH kESdy fawGuawmh opfxG if;yef;csDe JY opf yHkEdS y f
yef;csDawG jzpf ygw,f/
opfom;wHk ; wpfwHk;uk d rifokwfNyD; puLay:rS m zdESdy fvkduf& if
av;axmifhoPmefwpfc kukd ESd yfrdr ,f/ 'gayr,fh opfo m;ay:rSm tcsKdihfawG?
rsOf;awG xG if;NyD; ES dyfwJhtcgrS m 'DtcsKdihfawG ? rsOf ;awG[m rifraywmrdk Y puLay:rSm
tjzLa&miftuGufawG ? rsOf;awG xifusefa pr,f/ tJ'gaMumifh opfxGif; yef; csD
wpfckudk vkyfwJ htcg teufa&mifx ifapvk dwJh tyk di;f awG ukd csefNyD; opfo m;wHk; ukd
vSD;ypfz dkYyJ/ ta&mifopfx Gif; twGufu awmh ta&mif wpf ckpDtwGuf twHk;
wpfwHk;pDukd toHk;jyKNyD; yHkES dyf&rSm jzpfw,f/

2/ tcsKdifhx Gif; yHkESdy f

(Intaglio Engraving)

tcsKdihfxG if;awG[ m owKtjym; (trsm;tm;jzih f aMu;eD ) awGukd xG if;NyD;


ESdyfwJh enf; jzpfw,f/ owK jym;ay:rS tcRefwpf ckcke JY jzpfjzpf csKdi fhaeatmifvkyf/
rifokwf NyD;
owK jym;udk
yGwfw dkufvdk ufwJhtcgrSm
rif[m
csKdifhaewJh
ae&mav;awGrSm usef aecJh r,f/ 'gudk yHkESdy f,lr,f/
'Dvkd yHk ESdyf wJhtcgrSm owKjym;a&m puLudk pdkx kdif;vmatmif vk yfNyD;
wvdrhfwHk ;BuD; awGeJY nyf NyD; vdS rfh&w,f/ 'Dvdk tcsKdihfxG if;rS m acwfpm;wJh
Typing

Inc ubuz

144

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

enf;awGuawmh (u) rsOf; aMumif;yHk ESdyf(Line Engraving)? (c) ajcmufaoGUtcRef


(Drypoint)? (* ) tufppfp m;wkd U jzpfw,f/ (u) rsOf;aMumif; yH kESdy fuawmh bl& if
(Burin)ac:wJh tcRefwpfck eJY ow Kjym; ay:ukd xGi f;vdku fwJhtcg owK jym;ay:rSm
(y) yHkoPmef cyfcRefcRefeJY xG if;&mudk jzpfay:apw,f/ 'Dv kdud&d ,mukdo Hk;NyD;
qGJvdkY&wJhtcg tcsKdihfawGr Sm rifjznfhNyD; yHkESd yf,lw,f/ (c) ajcmufaoGUtcRef
yHkESdy fenf;uawmh oHrPdeJ Y vkyfxm;wJh cJw Hwpfacsmif; eJY owK jym;ay:rSm yHk qGJNyD;
ESdyfwJh enf;yJ/ 'Dvdk ESdyfwJhtcgrS m rifprif eawG puLay:rSm ayusHaeatmif vkyfNyD;
tjrifwpfr sKd;eJY vSatmif zefwD;avh &Sdw,f/ (*) tufppfpm;yHkE Sdyf (Ecihing)
uawmh za,mif ;oHk;xm;wJh rsuf ESmjyifay:rS m tcRefwpfc kckeJ Y yHkqGJvk dufwJhtcg
tcRef[m za,mif ;awGukd azmufNyD; rsufES mjyifudk xdoG m;w,f/ 'DtcgrSm
owKjym;ukd tufppf xJrSm pdrfxm;w,f/ tufppf[m rsOf;aMumif;u0ifNyD;
owKukdp m;wJhtcg owKay:rSm rsOf ;aMumif;twkdi f; tcsKdih fawG xifv mw,f/ 'gudk
yHkESdy f,lw,f/

3/ rsufESm jyif yHkESdy f

(Surface Engraving)

'Denf;uawmh nDnmwJh rsufES mjyifwpf ckuaeNyD; yHkE Sdyfw Jhenf; yJ jzpf w,f/

(u) ausmufyH kESdy f(Lithograph)


ausmufjym; 'grSr[kw f aMu;jym;wpfjym;ay:rSm tqDygwJh ypnf;wpfckck e JY
yHkqGJw,f/ aemuf NyD; rsufESm jyif udk a&eJY pk dpGwfatmif vkyfw,f/ a&eJ YtqD[m
wpfuefYp D jzpfa er,f/ 'DtcgrSm tqDygwJh rif udk vdSrf hNyD ; wifwJhtcg
tqDtqDcsif;pGJ NyD; a&pdkwJhtykdif;ukd rifxdr Sm r[kwfb l;/

Typing

Inc ubuz

145

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD


(c) ydk;um;yHkE Sdyf

http://mmcp community. net

(Silk-Screen Print)

'guawmh jrefrmjynfrS m tm;upm; pGy fus,fawG wHqdyf ESdyfw Jh enf; yJ


jzpfw,f/ ydk;ydw fum;ud k abmif usyf NyD; rif rxifapcsifwJh tyk dif;awG u kd
zHk;xm;w,f/ NyD;awmh rifoGi f;vdku fwJhtcg zHk;xm;wJh ae&mawG csef NyD; rifu
xifr,f/ ta&mif yHkESd yftwGuf wpfa&mifpDu dkyg ydk;um;csyf wpfck pD oHk;NyD;
yHkESdy fw,f/ wcsKdUuvnf ; uRrf;usifr IeJU ydk;um;csyfwpfck wnf;rS myJ ta&mif
trsKd;rsKd ;ukd yHkE Sdyfwwfw,f/
tm&Swdkufr Sm xGef ;um;wJh enf;uawmh ygwdwfy ef;csDyJ jzpfw,f/ 'Denf;u
yef;csDu m;csyfay:rSm ta&mifwkdu fdkuf ul;wJhenf; jzpf w,f/ t0wfwpfc ktay:rSm
za,mif;eJY yHkqGJw,f/ 'Dt0wfukd qdk;aq;xJ ESpfvk duf wJhtcg za,mif;r&Sd w Jh
tykdif;awGud k rifp GJw,f/ aemuf a&aEG;eJY jyKwfvdku f wJhtcg za,mif ;awG
aysmfoGm ;w,f/
aemufwpfa&miftwGuf
aemufwpfBudrf
za,mif;zHk;NyD;
aq;qdk;w,f/ 'Dvdk ta&miftrsKd;rsKd;twGuf tBudrf Budr f vkyfNyD;wJhtcg t0wfu kd
abmifusyf vdkuf NyD; yef;csDu m;csyf jzpfvmw,f/ 'Denf;[m tm&S Ekdif iHawGr Sm
awmfawmfa cwfpm;wJhenf ;jzpfw,f/
aemuf usaemfwkd Yacwf& JU pdwZvIH Uaqmf yef;csDukd enf;enf ; yg;yg;
avhvmMunf h &atmif/ usaemfwk dYacwfr Sm 'Du leif; &JU vuf&mawG tawmf
ausmfMum;w,f/ 'Duleif;[m tmkHcH tZw0g'D (Abstract Expressionism) &J U
acgif;aqmifw pfOD; yJ jzpf w,f/ olY&JU yef ;csDu m;awG[m (Semi-Abstract)
wpf0ufwpf ysuf j'yfrJ hawGyJ jzpf NyD; 'DvlyH kawG[m jyif y [efxuf twG if;
obm0awGudk qG Jxm;avh &Sdw,f/
olY&JU yef ;csDum;udk kwfw&uf Munfh &ifawmh Iyf,SufcwfaewJh
pkwf&mawGyJ/ pkwf& mawGuk d a&marTNyD ; yHkoPmef[m yD yDjyifjyif r&S dvSbJwpfckck y J
qdkwmavmuf od&w,f/ 'gayr,f h yef; csDum;&JU acgif ;pOfvnf; Munf hvkdufa &m
olUykHu kd usaemfw dkY jrifoGm;wmygyJ/
Typing

Inc ubuz

146

cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

Willem de Kooning, Woman V (1952-53)

olU&J U ]rdef;r} qdkwJhyHk[m pMunfhMunf hcsif ;awmh pkwf&mawGyJ/


pkwf&mawG[m rGa eatmifvnf; Iyfaew,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D Mum;xJrSmvnf;
vloPmefwpfc kukd awGY&jyefw,f/ 'DvloPmef[ m a,mufsm;yHk r[kwfwmawmh
aocsmw,f/ wpfzufu bDv l;wpfaumifvd k rsufvHk ; jyL;aew,f/ yef;csDum;&J U
emrnfu ]rdef;r} qdkawmh rdef;rwpfa,muf[ m bDvl; wpfaumifv dk aMumufp &m
aumif;aeygvm;vdkY MunfholawGu dk awG;p&m jzpfvmygw,f/ bmyJ jzpf jzpf kyfw l
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cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

j'yfwlu dk rqGJbJ tmHkxif kyfj'yf (Semi-Abstarct) awG ukdyJ qGJw,f/


'DvdkqGJ &mrSm vnf; kyfj'yf&J U jyifyoPmef ukd rqG JbJ 'Dkyf j'yf& JU taMumif;w&m;
jzpfwJ h twGif;obm0ukdom qGJw,f/ 'g[m 'Dul eif;&JU tEkynmyJ jzpfw,f/
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pdwZyef; csDorm;wpfO D;yJ jzpfygw,f/
aemufwpfa ,mufuawmh tar&duefu a&m*sifbwf (Ranchenberg)yJ
jzpfw,f/ ol[m ypnf;rsKd;pHkukd wG, fqufzefwD;wJh Pop Artudk tar&duefr Sm
pwif toHk;jyKol yJ jzpfw,f/ wpfzufuvnf ; Collagesac:wJh enf; pHk
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yef;csDu m;wpf csyfrS m qdwfaoaumifu dk tpmoGw f? kyfvkH; vkyf? wm,mwpfvHk; eJY
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ydk;um;csyfyH kESdy f&,f a&maxG; toHk;jyKxm;wm awGY&ygw,f/

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Robert Rauschenberg ( 1925-2008 )

olU&J U um;csyfrSm Munfhr,fq dk&if a&S;acwf Oa&my tv,fyd kif; okyfrS e f


yef;csD (Realism) awG? acwfay: (Photograpih realism)"mwf yHkqef okyfrS e f
yef;csDawG? a&mifjyifenf ;awG (Futurism) ac:wJh vIyf&S m;rI yef;csDawG a&maxG;
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usifusif a&mpyfEkd ifpG rf;&Sd olwpfa,muf jzpf wJh twGuf olY&JUvuf&m[m BuD;rm;wJh
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wpfa,mufygyJ/ usaemf wdkY[m a&SUavQmuf NyD; a&m*sifbwf&J U vkyf &yfawG u kd
rsufjcnfrjywf Munfha eoifhw,f/

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'Durm[m vG,foa,mifeJY Iyfw,f/ ayghaygh ajymMupdkYqd k&ifawmh


jynfolawG&JUtaMumif ; azmf jywm jynfol YtEkynm? jynfolawG& JU yH kudk qG Jwm
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pdwf"mwf [m tnrn jzpfaewmud k awGU&r,f/ kyf&Sif? obifp wJh
tEkynmawGrS mvnf; tvTmtvdku f ESpfNcdKufr IawG &Sda ewmygyJ/

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cif0 rf; - pdwZyef;csD

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uAsmrSmqdk&if aus;vufuAsmawGuk d aus;vufv lxku zef wD;


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pdwf"mwfyJqd kwm

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usaemfwdk U jrefr mjynf&JU pdwf" mwf tajctaeudk cefUrSef;,l&rS myJ jzpfw,f/ uaeY
usaemfwkd U[m tqifhtwef;edrfhwJ h tEkynmawG zefwD;aew,fqdk& if usaemfwdk U
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ywf0ef;usifrS m b,fvdktEkynmrsKd ;awG &SdoihfvJqdk wm ta&;BuD; wJh ar;cG ef;
jzpfvmw,f/

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usaemfwkd U[m jynfolawGu dk ...

ta[mif;tjrif ;awG ay;rvm;/


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rjyKbl ;/ ta&;BuD;wmu jynfolawG yef;csDud kodjrifcHp m;vmzkdY? yef; csD&J U wdk;wuf
rIudk odzdk U? wdk;wufwJhy ef;csDu dkvnf; cH pm;vmEkdif zkdY/
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jynfolawGqDrSm yef ;csD jyyGJ awG vkyfay;zdkY? jynfolawG 0,fE kdifatmif yef;csDu m;
aps;awG avQmha &mif; zdYk ? jynfola wG&J U ywf0ef;usif trsm;rSm yef;csDum; &Sd zdkY/
ywf0ef;usif[m vlawG& JU &oukd ,Ofyg;apNyD; jynfol awGeJ U tEkynm[m
tnrn jzpfv mr,f/ 'grS jynfolawG wkd;wuf vmNyD; wkd;wufwJh yef;csDum;awG u dk
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ESpfNcdKufv mr,f/ 'Dae&mrSm yef;csDa vmu&J U wdk;wuf rIt&dSe f[m rSef uefvmrSmygyJ/
yef;csDo rm;awG [mvnf; olwdk Y pdwfrSm qmavmifvmwmudk zefwD; Ekdif rSmygyJ/
yef;csD &JU abmif[mvnf; vGw fvyfus,fjyefYvmrSmygyJ/

cif0 rf;
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