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2/9/2010

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Ma trn (matrix)



Ma trn l mt mng
hnh ch nht cc con s
Ma trn gm cc dng
(row) v cc ct
(column). Cc dng hay
ct gi chung l vector.

16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1




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Nguyn Thnh Nht

Mt con s trong Matlab


l mt ma trn 1x1
Th mnh ca Matlab so
vi cc ngn ng lp
trnh khc l tnh ton
rt nhanh trn ma trn.

2/9/2010

hp ma trn



Nhp trc tip danh


sch cc phn t
Pht sinh ma trn bng
cc hm sn c




Nhp t file
To ma trn bng cc
file .m

A = [16 3 2 13; 5 10 11 8; 9 6 7 12; 4 15 14 1]


A=
 Du [ v ] m u v kt thc
16 3 2 13
nhp ma trn.
5 10 11 8
 Du ; kt thc mt dng.
9 6 7 12
 Cc phn t cch nhau bng
4 15 14 1
khong trng hoc du ,

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Tng cc ct v chuyn v ca ma trn










A=
16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1

>> sum(A)
ans =
34 34 34 34

>> A
 ans =
16 5 9 4
3 10 6 15
2 11 7 14
13 8 12 1
 ans

34 34 34 34
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Nguyn Thnh Nht

>> sum(A)

2/9/2010

ng cho ca ma trn






A=
16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1

>> diag(A)
 ans =


16
10
7
1

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Trch mt phn t
Phn t Aij c trch
bng biu thc A(i,j)
 A=
16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1


Php trch ch c mt
ch s s theo th t
duyt theo ct. (xem
ma trn l mt
vector ct di)

A(8) l phn t th 8
duyt theo ct t tri
qua phi, t trn
xung di.

A(4,2) l phn t dng


4 ct 2, tc l phn t 15.
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Nguyn Thnh Nht

2/9/2010

Ch s vt khi kch thc ma trn


 >> t


= A(4,5)

Index exceeds matrix


dimensions.
Vic truy xut phn t
vi phm kch thc ma
trn
Nm bn phi php gn




>> X = A;
>> X(4,5) = 17
X=
16 3 2 13 0
5 10 11 8 0
9 6 7 12 0
4 15 14 1 17




M rng ma trn
Nm bn tri php gn

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Du hai chm : (colon)


Du hai chm : l mt trong nhng php ton
quan trng nht trong Matlab.
 V d:


 1:10 l mt vector dng gm cc s nguyn t 1 n 10


 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

to bc tng/gim khc 1
 100:-7:50

100 93 86 79 72 65 58 51
 0:pi/4:pi
0 0.7854 1.5708 2.3562 3.1416
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Nguyn Thnh Nht

2/9/2010

Dng du hai chm trong ch s




V d:
 A(1:k,j) gm k s u tin ct th j ca ma trn A.
 sum(A(1:4,4)) tnh tng 4 s u tin ct th 4 ca ma

trn A.




Du hai chm ng mt mnh s ch ton b phn t


ca dng hoc ct.
T kho end ch ch s cui cng ca dng hoc
ct.
V d:
 A(:,end) ch ton b phn t ct cui cng.

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Trch nhiu phn t


S dng du [,] lit k v tr cn trch
 V d:


 A = [2 4 3; 8 6 7], x = [9 4 2 1]
 A([2,1],2)  [6 4] , x([2,4])  4 1

C th s dng du : trch dy cc phn


t
 V d:


 A(2,1:3)  8 6 7 , x(3:-1:1)  2 4 9

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Nguyn Thnh Nht

10

2/9/2010

Pht sinh ma trn (MT) bng hm sn c


MT 0

zeros(m,n)

MT 1

ones(m,n)

MT n v

eye(n)

MT ng cho

diag([a,b,c,])

Ma phng

magic(n)

MT cc s thc ngu nhin t 0 n 1

rand(m,n)

Z = zeros(2,4)

F = 5*ones(2,3)

Z=

F=
0000
0000

555
555
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11

hp ma trn bng hm load




Gi s ta c mt file
magik.dat c ni dung
nh sau (cc s cch
nhau bi khong trng)

16.0 3.0 2.0 13.0


5.0 10.0 11.0 8.0
9.0 6.0 7.0 12.0
4.0 15.0 14.0 1.0

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Nguyn Thnh Nht

Dng lnh
>>load magik.dat
s c file magik.dat, to
bin c tn l magik, l
ma trn cc phn t c
trong file magik.dat.

12

2/9/2010

To ma trn bng file .m







File .m l mt file vn
bn ghi cc dng lnh
Matlab.
C th son tho bng
MATLAB Editor hoc
bt k trnh son tho
vn bn no.
Lu file c ui .m
G tn file thc thi
ni dung cc dng lnh
trong file.

V d:
 to mt file c ni dung nh
sau:
A=[ 16.0 3.0 2.0 13.0
5.0 10.0 11.0 8.0
9.0 6.0 7.0 12.0
4.0 15.0 14.0 1.0];
 Lu vi tn magik.m. Dng

lnh
>>magik
s c file v to bin A l ma
trn nh trn.
13

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Ghp (concatenation) hai ma trn


A
B

123
456
10 12
11 13
789
978
897

Thm ct

Thm dng

D = [A B]

E = [A; C]

1 2 3 10 12
4 5 6 11 13

123
456
789
978
897

Ch kch thc ca dng hay ct tng ng


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Nguyn Thnh Nht

14

2/9/2010

Xo dng, xo ct






A=
16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1
X = A;




16 2 13
5 11 8
9 7 12
4 14 1

Khng c xo 1 phn t kiu nh X(1,2) = []


Dng ch s vi du : xo 1 hay nhiu phn t
 X(2:2:10) = []
X  16 9 2 7 13 12 1
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Nguyn Thnh Nht

X(: , 2) = []
X=

15

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