The Handbook of English Grammar For Japanese Learners

The Handbook of English Grammar
for
Japanese Learners
Everything you need to know

to speak with confidence
Presented by

SpeakGlobal
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(Basic Structure)
(Tenses)
(Causative verbs)
(Auxiliary verbs)
(Gerunds and Infinitives)

(Participles)
(Pronunciation)
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Put
Appendix
2
10
15
21
33
43
50
(Relative Pronouns and Adverbs) 57

(Pronouns)
61
(Conditionals)
67
(Prepositions)
72
(Connectors)
82
(Comparison)
88
93
100
105
113
118
1
2
3
The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners
Lesson 1:
you
yesterday
with Taro
swimming
go
not
did
Didnt
you
go
swimming
with Taro
yesterday?
(S)
(A)
(V)
(O) C
Taro is my brother.
He didnt tell me that.
I should go to school. I have never seen an elephant.
be
do
I went to Taros house which was very far.
She is beautiful. She is a beautiful girl. How beautiful is she?
He came very quickly. I always sleep late. I never eat snack.
He lives in a large city.
He cut off the rope.
What is your name? How many times did he fall?
Jack and I went to the beach.
A cat is sleeping under the table.
3
S + V + O (C)
S + A + V + O (C)
(A)
not
Can
You
can
play
tennis
play
tennis
play
tennis
You
You
cannot
SVO
be have
He
Is
Is
he
He
will
be
hungry
Will
he
be
hungry
He
has
played
tennis
Has
he
played
tennis
He
could
Have
played
Could
he
have
played
hungry
4e do
e do

I am sleepy.
I am a fireman.
I am playing tennis.
I am frustrated.

do
do
I (do) play tennis.

Do you play tennis?
I do not play tennis. ()
Do you
He does play tennis.

He
plays tennis.
did
He did play tennis.
He
played tennis.

5
whatwhowherewhywhichhow
()
do you play tennis?
Where
do you play tennis?
Who
do you play tennis with?
When
do you play tennis?
How often
do you play tennis?
Why
do you play tennis?
you
You close the door.
Close the door.
do
Close the door, please.
Close the door, will you?
you be
You are kind to others. Be kind to others. ()
be
you
You dont talk loud. Dont talk loud.
do
You be dont
be
You are not . Dont be .
+ by
Tom build this house.
- This house was built by Tom.
()
be be
be
He is feeding his dog.
His dog is being fed by him.
(
)

Sally met Harry, didnt she?
Its a nice day, isnt it?
You wont tell him that, will you?
You didnt do your homework, did you?

He showed you my report, didnt he?
Its good, isnt it?
Close the door, will you? ()

will you?
Will you close the door?
Lesson 1:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Lesson 1:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I am hungry.
He plays tennis.
When do you take a bath?
Taro is 13.
What time is it now?
Where does Hanako shop?
Who told you so?
Which book is interesting?
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Come tomorrow.
Where do you eat your lunch?
Why does she dislike apples?
Is he tired?
My car is large and red.
Who do you play tennis with?
Dont say that.
Lesson 2:
I study English every day.
I studied English yesterday.
will be going to
I will study English tomorrow.

I am going to study English tomorrow.
I was going to get my hair cut yesterday (but I didn't).
be + ing
I am studying English right now.
I am going to visit my aunt this Sunday.

/
I am visiting my aunt this Sunday.
be
I was studying English when you came.
will
I will be studying English tomorrow afternoon.
10
have +
Have you (ever) played tennis (before)?
I have played tennis before.
Have you (already) played tennis (yet)?
()
I have already played tennis.
I have not played yet.
()
()
yet ,
have been +
How long have you been playing tennis?
I have been playing tennis for two years.
had +
I had never played tennis before I met her.
will have +
I will have played tennis for two years come next May.
5 2
be I am sick
I have been sick for three days. 3
2
for in
I have been playing golf for 2 years. 2

I have not played golf in 2 years.
11
I have played tennis 20 years ago.
when, yesterday, last week, three days ago
12
Lesson
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2:
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
13
Lesson 2:
()
1.
She is shopping in Sannomiya now.
2.
Where were you going to buy your new shoes?
3.
Who have you been talking to for the last hour?
4.
How many years have you been playing the piano?
5.
Have you finished your homework?
6.
Have you ever been to Thailand?
7.
He has not been doing anything since this morning.
8.
She has not seen a doctor in five years.
9.
Who were you playing tennis with last Saturday?
10.
I will have finished this project by next Tuesday.
11.
When I got there, Taro was gone.
12.
I have not had anything to drink all day.
13.
How long have you been playing tennis?
14.
Have you had a physical examination lately?
15.
I have been sick for five days.
16.
We have known each other for five years.
17.
I have not had anything to eat in three days.
18.
Why didnt you go see her?
19.
There had been a large tree here until it was cut down five years ago.
20.
He must have finished eating dinner.
21.
When you got to the airport, had the plane already taken off?
22.
It has been three years since I met her.
23.
I had never seen an elephant until I visited the zoo.
24.
Where have you been until now?
25.
How long had you known him before he became famous?
26.
Nobody knew what todays Kobe would look like at the time of the earthquake.
27.
He sounded like he had been there before.
28.
What have you been doing since we met last time?
29.
He seemed to have known that I was meeting that person.
30.
You didnt know that I had been living in Tokyo for a long time, did you?
14
Lesson 3:
have, make, let, get
had
Tom
Help me
have
get
make
let
I had Tom help me.

(Tom Tom )
I got Tom to help me.
(Tom )
I made Tom help me.

Tom Tom
I let Tom help me.

(Tom Tom )
have,
get
have get get

get getto do
to
I had my mother pay for it. ()
Mary had her brother drive her to work. ()
I will get my friend to help me do my homework. ()
()
15
I had my dentist pull my tooth. ()

I had my tooth pulled.
My dentist pulled my tooth. ----- My tooth was pulled by my dentist.
I had my shoes polished. ()

I had my car repaired.
I had my room cleaned.
get
When you get your homework done, then you can go outside
Im getting my house painted tomorrow.

()
I just got my drivers license taken away.
make
()
My mother made me take out the garbage. ()

He made Mary go to the store.
She made me wait for two hours. ( 2 )
16
What made you do that?

lookthinkfeelwant
Dark clothes make you look thinner.
Sunny days make you feel good.
This song makes me think of my youth.
This movie makes me want to go to the US.
You make me happy.

You are making me angry.
Her strange action is making him frustrated.
The story made me cry.

Let
Let A
A.
I let my cat go outside.
She let me use her car for one week.
This ticket will let you watch one movie. ()
B.
Please dont let the tree grow too high. ()

He let the alarm ring for five minutes.
She is letting her hair grow down to her shoulders.,
Let him wait.
17
Let me
A. Let me
Let me talk to her. ()

Let me think a minute. ()
Let me call you later.
Let me do it.
Let me try. ()
B. let
Teach me.
--------
Let me know. ()
Show me.
---------
Let me see it. ()
Release me. ---------
Let me go!
Give it to me. --------
Let me have it. ()
C.
Let me in.
Let me out.
18
Lesson 3:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
()
6.
7.
8.
9.
manicure
10.
11.
Trash
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
(selfish)
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
19
Lesson 3:
1.
I had my sister call the hospital for me.
2.
I cant make my brother lie for me.
3.
Let me help you.
4.
Let me know if you cant make it.
5.
He let his alarm clock ring for five minutes.
6.
Please have this room cleaned immediately.
7.
I will have our division manager explain it to you tomorrow.
8.
Please have your mother call the doctor.
9.
Where do you get (have) your nails manicured?
10.
He let his baby cry for 10 minutes.
11.
Tom made his brother take out the trash.
12.
When will you let me drive your car?
13.
Who made you do this?
14.
You are making me nervous.
15.
Which teacher lets you sleep during the class?
16.
Let me sleep a little longer.
17.
She will have her dress dry cleaned before the party.
18.
I got Taro to go with me.
19.
The storm made me cancel my trip.
20.
We need to let him know how selfish he is.
21.
Let him wait.
22.
Your story always makes everyone laugh.
23.
The dress makes you look skinny.
24.
The drug made me drowsy.
25.
Let me take care of it.
26.
I cant let you marry my daughter.
27.
Why is she letting her hair grow so long?
28.
You should have your mother let the dog in.
29.
How can I get someone (anyone) to come to listen to my performance?
30.
I cannot make you happy unless you let me.
20
Lesson 4:
He
may
come with us.
He
may
come with us.
He
might
come with us.
He
can
come with us.
He
can
come with us.
He
could
come with us.
He
will
come with us.
He
should
come with us.
He
had better
come with us.
He
ought to
come with us.
He
has to
come with us.
He
might have to
come with us.
He
shouldn't have to come with us.
He
has got to
come with us.
He
might want to
come with us.
He
might be able to come with us.
He
is going to
come with us.
He
doesn't have to
come with us.
He
couldn't
come with us.
He
use to
come with us.
He
wouldn't
come with us.
He
must have
come with us.
He
was able to
come with us.
21
can
I can swim well.

Can you call me tomorrow?
Can I smoke here?
could
I could
lp you tomorrow.
I couldnt go to work yesterday.
could was able to

I was able to go to work yesterday.
be able to
may
May I sit here?
He may call you tomorrow.

might
He might call you tomorrow.
22
must
We must help the victims.
()
He must be tired.
have to
I have to finish my homework.
got have got to
will
I will call you tomorrow.
(
The store will open at 10 am.
Will you help me?
Help me, will you?
be going to
I am going to call you tomorrow.
()
ill
I am going to Im gonna
He is going to Hes gonna ()
We are going to Were gonna ()
They are going to Theyre gonna
23
shall
Shall I open the window?
Shall we go out to eat?
should
We should protest against it.
He should be here anytime.
You should go home now.
had better
He'd better go home now.
should Had better
used to
He used to live next door.
be supposed to
I am supposed to meet him tomorrow.
need to
He needs to study more.
24
be able to
She was able to come.
can
could
was able to
may be able to
She may be able to come.
will be able to
She will be able to come.
should be able to
She should be able to come.
should have
I should have told her.
could have
I could have told her.
might have
I might have told her.
25
would
Would you come here?
(
will you
'No'
Would you come here? if you were me?
()
would like to
I would like to go to Hawaii.
want to
might want to

You might want to talk to him.
shouldn't have to
You shouldn't have to pay twice.
Will you help me? Help me, will you?
Would you help me?
Can you help me?
Could you help me?
Do you mind helping me?
26
Can
please
Can you help me, please?
Would you help me, please?
might want to ()
You might wanna take your car.
Maybe A should A
Do you think I should go look for him? ()
Maybe you should.
shouldnt have to
Do you think I should wait for my boss to finish his work?
()
You shouldnt have to.
I could do that. ()
Can you tell my wife I am going to be late tonight?
I could do that but I dont want to
I wouldnt do that.
Would you cross the street at the red light, if no car was coming?
No way, I wouldnt do that
I might, if its middle of the night.
27
You shouldnt have.

This is for you.
Oh, you shouldnt have. ()
couldnt have
I ate 5 bowls of udon for lunch today. ()

You couldnt have.
H
might as well
Should we take a taxi instead of bus since its raining?
Might as well.
100%
can
go
75%
should be able to
go
50%
may be able to
go
25%
might be able to
go
25%
could
go
Taro should not ask her out.
Taro should not have asked her out.
Hanako may turn him down.

Hanako may have turned him down.
28
Lesson 4:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
29
34.
35.
36. 30
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
30
Lesson 4: ()
1.
Is it going to be sunny tomorrow?
2.
He must be busy doing the laundry.
3.
I have to go to a wedding tomorrow.
4.
You should have gone to the party.
5.
May I read this book? Can I read this book?
6.
Can you show me the way to Tanigami Station?
7.
I couldnt go on a picnic yesterday.
8.
I will definitely call you next week.
9.
He may not come.
10. You dont have to come.

11. You shouldnt have to pay twice.
12. You shouldnt have told him that.
13. I wouldnt pay more than 500 yen.
14. You must stop at the red light.
15. You should brush your teeth every day.
16. Do I have to brush my teeth every day?
17. I have to finish my homework by Monday.
18. Youve got to tell me who you are.
19. You need to go on a diet.
20. What time should I be there?
21. I may have to go to Osaka tomorrow.
22. You dont have to dress up.
23. I am supposed to help my friend move tomorrow.
24. Can we go in?
25. May I come in?
26. How can I get to Sannomiya?
27. He would talk to me every time he saw me.
28. Would you like some coffee?
29. He must be hungry.
30. He may be hungry.
31. Will you please get out of here?
32. Would you mind if I get in front of you?
33. How would you like to go to the movies with me?
31
34. How could you do that?

35. He could become the president of this company.
36. She may be in her 30s.
37. I might know this man if I see him.
38. Shall we start dinner?
39. Should you have any questions, please write to us.
40. Youd better go to bed early because you have a big test tomorrow.
41. Maybe we should ask him.
42. She must not be the girl who moved from Canada.
43. I would like to do that if I could. If I could, I would.
44. You should go home because its late.
45. Could he be an American actor?
46. You shouldnt have done that.
47. You couldnt have done that.
32
Lesson :
to +
ing
Infinitives
TO
I want to go.
I decided to go.
It
It is unhealthy to smoke.
To smoke is unhealthy. It to smoke
: It is nice to see you. = To see you is nice.
It is dangerous to play in the street. = To play in the street is dangerous.
I dont have anything to eat.

I dont know what to do.
I dont have a knife to cut the cake with.
I dont have a dress to wear to the party.
It is my turn to go.
33
Show me which button to press.
I run to lose some weight.
RUN
in order to
I run in order to lose some weight.
I was happy to see you.
HAPPY
It was nice to see you.
I was glad to see you.
a.
too ()
to
I am too old to learn a new trick.

It is too dangerous to climb the tree.
b.

I dont know what to do. = I dont know what I should do.
I dont know where to go. = I dont know where I should go.
Tell me who to talk to. = Tell me who I should talk to.

I dont know when to go. = I dont know when I should go.
Let me show you how to do it. = Let me show you how you should do it.
34
(Gerunds)
ing
Swim Swimming
ing
Judging somebody by his appearance is wrong.

()
Swimming in that river is dangerous.

()
Judging from what he said, he must be a lawyer.

()
Swimming in that river, he found a strange fish.

()
Winning is not that important. ()

Talking to him is like talking to a wall. ()

a. It is no use ing
It is no use telling him to study. ()
b.
When it comes to ing

When it comes to singing, he is the best. ()
c.
It is worth ing
It is not worth watching this movie. ()

d.
I feel like ing
I feel like singing a song.
35
e.
I am busy ing
I am busy cleaning my apartment.

f.
It was nice ing
It was nice talking to you.
It was nice seeing you.

It was nice playing tennis with you.
It was nice meeting you.
g.
Do you mind ing

Do you mind giving me a hand?
h.
Thank you for ing

Thank you for lending me your umbrella. ()

a
I stopped smoking.
I stopped to smoke.
b
)
It just started to rain.
It stopped raining.
I remember talking to him.
Remember to talk to him.
c
I like watching movies.

I like to watch movies.
36
I love playing tennis with you.

I love to play tennis with you.
It was fun playing tennis with you.
It was fun to play tennis with you.
I hate flying.
I hate to fly.
It was nice meeting you.
It was nice to meet you.
We continued walking.
We continued to walk.
She began crying.
She began to cry.
She started crying.

She started to cry.
d
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
agreed to go there.
refused to go there.
promised to go there.
hope to go there.
wish to go there.
pretended to go there.
expected to go there.
decided to go there.
planned to go there.
I forgot to go there. ()
e
mind, enjoy, avoid, finish, deny, admit, resist, repeat, excuse, stop, give up
I finished studying.
37
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
avoided talking to him.

would not mind helping you.
stopped playing tennis.
practice playing golf.
enjoy playing golf.
deny telling you that.
gave up smoking.
put off meeting him.
I enjoyed talking to you.
ing
I want some drinking water. -

I want some water to drink. -
Drinking water often is important when playing in the sun.

38
Lesson 5:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
have a good time?
27.
28.
(have a tough time)
29.
(have you)
30.
31.
32.
33.
39
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
40
Lesson 5:
1. Who did you go skiing with last month?
2. I like to exercise in the morning.
3. Do you enjoy talking to that woman?
4. I want to go sightseeing today.
5. How do you like playing tennis?
6. Tell him to stop talking about me.
7. When did you finish reading this book?
8. I have a lot of work to do today.
9. He is having a hard time deciding if he should propose to her.
10. Are you good at speaking English?
11. I am sorry to hear that.
12. How long did he keep running after he saw you?
13. When did it stop raining?
14. She moved to Japan to teach English conversation.
15. Its no use talking about it.
16. Is it worth going to Tokyo University?
17. Do you like watching movies at night?
18. Are you very busy studying now?
19. Ill have something hot to drink, please.
20. Im so happy to see you.
21. Do you think reading a novel is good for you?
22. Shes learning how to make ceramic pottery.
23. I feel like dancing.
24. She has no idea where to go.
25. Its easy for you to play the piano.
26. Did you have fun playing tennis with him?
27. I would like to go back to Hawaii again.
28. I had a tough time finding your house.
29. It really was fun having you here.
30. I really dont know what to do.
31. When did it start snowing?
32. Its nice of you to lend me your travel book.
33. I used to work in a big city.
34. It was very nice seeing you.
41
35. My grandfather lived to be 100 years old.

36. He told me to wait for him in the lobby.
37. It is not too difficult to climb Mt. Rokko.
38. Whats worth looking at around here?
39. Which movie do you feel like watching?
40. The boy seems to be lost.
41. I remembered which button to press.
42. How was talking to him?
43. Its important to study every day.
44. To make sure, please check the owners manual.
45. Tell him never to talk to me again.
46. I dont like talking about my work.
47. My son is not old enough to get a drivers license.
48. Im not sure who to talk to.
49. I prefer to read non-fiction books.
50. Do you mind giving me a hand?
42
Lesson :

Present Participle
ing
A)
talkingeatinglistening
be
I am playing tennis now.
He is taking a walk.
B be going to will
I am going to play tennis tomorrow.
C)
drinking water
dining room
cooking oil
washing machine
frying pan
matching outfit
shooting star
flying saucer
rolling stone
sinking ship
D)
()
The man (who is) sitting on the chair is Tom.
The woman (who is) talking to a police is Susan.
43
The boy (who is) eating ice cream is John.
The dog (which is) barking at you is not mine.
E)
I go shopping
I go swimming
I go hiking
F)
()
Feeling sick, I couldnt go to the party.
=because I was feeling sick,

Living in Nagano, I seldom go to Tokyo.
=Because I am living in Nagano,

Not knowing what to do, I just stood there.
=Because I did not know what to do,

Having never seen her before, I ignored her.
()
=Because I have never seen her before,
Having said that, I believe we should let him go.
G)
Judging from his remarks, I think he is not happy about it.
If I judge his remarks,
Generally speaking, this project is too complicated.

If I speak generally,
Considering his age, he shouldnt go with us.
If I consider his age,
44
Frankly speaking, I dont give a damn.

If I speak frankly,
I was lying on the sofa thinking about life.
He went out of the room, slamming the door.
He came running
The child went to sleep crying.
She looked at me smiling radiantly.
Walking in the garden, he found something white.
I saw a cat crossing the road.
I heard someone breaking into the house.
I felt my heart pounding.
I cant imagine you going with her.
45
(leave, keep )
He kept me waiting for two hours.
2
She left the engine running.
Past Participle
talked
eaten
listened
()
A)
be
The book was written by Soseki.
be
get, seem, look
His car got smashed in the accident.
She looks surprised.
B)
have
I have already read the book.
C)
He has a broken leg.

Canned food lasts longer.
46
This is a stolen car.

We need a written agreement.
2
We need an agreement (which is) written in English.
This is the car (which was) stolen by a thief.
D)
I had my car fixed yesterday.

I had the repair shop fix my car yesterday.
I want the room cleaned immediately.
E)
Being
BeingSeen from the plane, the island is really beautiful.
BeingWritten in plain English, this book is easy to read.
The game was very exciting.
I was excited by the game.
The work is so frustrating.
He is frustrated by the work.
The movie was very moving.
She was moved by the movie.
This book is interesting.
I am interested in this book.
The story is very surprising.
I am surprised at the story.
47
Lesson 6:
1.
2.
3.
4.
(flying saucer)
5.
6.
7.
40
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
(I dont like ---)
13.
indecisiveness
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
48
Lesson : ()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The man sitting on the chair is Tom.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
I was driving a car thinking about her.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
His car was crushed in an accident.
29.
30.
I like to study while listening to MISIAs songs.
The woman talking to the policeman is my sister.

This TV is broken.
The flying saucer looked like a frying pan.
I saw a strange man peeking into your house.
He went to sleep crying.
Judging from what she is wearing, she is in her 40s.
Generally speaking, Kobe is a friendly town.
I felt my body tremble in anger.
He says that he saw someone stealing your bike.
I dont like you calling me this late.
I am irritated (or frustrated) by his indecisiveness.
A lot of people were gathered there.
He has a broken leg.
I want to have this room cleaned immediately.
She seems surprised.
This is a stolen car.
The car parked over there is not mine.
She is wearing a dress designed by a famous designer.
Opposed by everyone, Tom decided not to marry the woman.
Susie was walking on the beach singing a song.
Is Mr. Tanaka in? No, he is gone for the day.
Frankly speaking, your view is wrong.
The boy eating ice cream lives next door.
Considering your physical condition, you should not go skiing.
I was buying a bottle of drinking water from a vending machine.
Looking at you, I realized what was missing in my life.
49
Lesson :
Stop
Sutoppu
Bird Turn
B D G J L M N R V W X Y Z SH CH TH
C F H K P Q S T X TH
TH
TH
P, B
F, V
think
TH
that
pat
bat
fail
veil
T, D
toll
doll
K, G
kong
gong
S, Z
sip
zip
50
make, cake, bake, take

bat, sat, cat, mat, fat, hat
ball, call, tall, fall, hall, mall
hit, sit, till, mit, bit, fit, lit

site, kite, mite, cite, fight
cut, hut, but, gut, mutt, putt

mute, cute, flute, fuse
pull, push, put,
pen, men, ben, cent, gentle

perm, germ, term, fern
hot, lot, pot, got, dot, not

cook, book, hook, foot
tooth, boots, cool, noon
post, most, cost, host
51
ou () --- out, ouch, bout, doubt, route, tout, loud, proud, aroused, cloud, foul
ea
oa()
beat, seat, feat, heat, meat, treat, clean, peat, lead, zeal
boat, coat, road, moat, coal, goal, goat, throat
fought, broad
L R
light/right, load/road, lock/rock

led/red, lack/rack, lice/rice
Lets rest at the red light.

She is praying to play the lead role.
Loading rocks on this road is legally restricted.
The lion roared loudly as he lay proudly in his den.
B R
R
er, ir, ur R ar
perk
park - parking
murky
market
permit
pardon
term
tardy
articular per
partnership
perfect
partner
perform
park
bird
bark
permanent
cart
person
party
hurt
heart (hart )
certain
barber
fern
lark
52
service
sardine
merger
dark
turn
target
burn
garter
dirt
dart
shirt
shark
A certain person can park perfectly in the dirt parking lot.

The barbers burnt shirt was particularly dirty.
The sharks sharp teeth certainly hurt many persons permanently.
C SH S
seat/sheet, see/she, sick/schick

sift/shift,
()
She sings well and is sure to shine in her show.
Sharon showed up sadly in her short skirt.
Show me the small seashell you found in the seashore.
TH S
sink/think, zat/that, sort/thought
wooduddo
Willie Wonka would not wait for work willingly.

Wilma wont wink at workers waving at her.
A woman went to a wedding party with her wet wig.
Without her washboard, Wendy wouldnt wash her windbreaker.
F Y
ear/yeareel/yield
y
yi ye
53
()
I had my ear pierced yesterday.
Stop yelling and yield to each other.
We eat yellow corn on Easter each year.
hot/hat/hut, pot/pat/put, not/nat/nut,

cot/cat/cut, got/gatt/gut, rot/rat/rut
()
That cat thought the cotton ball was a rat.
Pat did not put that map Matt got at the shop in her handbag.
Ive got a hot rod that ran in the race.
Use this rag to clean the rug.
visible, business, busy
(ji)
za, zi, zu, ze, zo ja, ji, ju, je, jo
oa, all
coat /court, boat/bought
coat
caught
goat
taught
boat
bought
loan
lawn
phone
pawn
hose
talk
bone
all
told
walk
comb
law
cold
paw
home
wall
old
fought
joke
call
bowl
thought
coal
ball
pole
mall
He bought all of the three old boats.

She called home on her phone and walked the cold mall.
The host told me the joke about the tall goat.
I was caught taking his coat.
All phone calls are thought to be good.
54
A want to
wanna
I want to go. -> I wanna go.

want to wantto wano
o
B ing
taking ing g takin
going to
gonna gointo gointo
goino gona
Im going to help you. -> Im gonna help you.
C have got to
vgotta
Ive got to go. -> Ive gotta go.
there is
theres
There is my book. -> Theres my book.
is
Hes
Shes
Its
Toms
55
F I will, He will, It will

is will
hell , itll
G tty, tti, tif

cutting
cuddin
getting,
geddin
but if
budif
what if
wadif
have to
hafta
I have to go. -> I hafta go.
I)
tton, tten
cotton, mutton, gotten, written, bitten, button
cot , mut , got , writ , bit , but on, en
I want to go to Johns party but if you are not going to go with me, I dont want
to go by myself. There is another party going on in the next town, but weve
got to get there by 8. However, getting there has got to be tough because of
the rush hour traffic. Besides, Ive forgotten the way to the house.
I wanna go to Johns pardy budif youre notgonna go with me, I dont wanna go bymyself.
Theres another pardy goinon in the nextown, but weve gotta gethere by 8. However,
gedin theres gotta be tuf 'cause of the rushour traffic.
Besides, Ive forgottn the way to
the house.
56
Lesson 8:
who
whose
that, who
which, that
whose (of which)
which, that
that
that
I dont know the woman
who
is talking to my brother.
-
whom
With whom did you play tennis?

Who did you play tennis with?
?With whom?
. (Relative Pronouns)
The man who walked on the moon is here.

He is the one who walked on the moon.
This is the dog that bit my shoes.
B
She is the girl that I dated before. ,,
This is the dog that my son found two days ago.
which
that
Jim married a famous model, which I just dont believe.
57
There were many mistakes made, most of which were

yours.
There were many mistakes made, some of which were yours.
There were many mistakes made, one of which was mine.
. (Relative Adverbs)
where at which, in which

when at which, on which, in which
the reason which
how (=the way which)
That is the house where (=in which) I grew up.
which That is the house I grew up in
Do you remember the time when we went to Hawaii?
This is why I didnt want to go.
()
I dont know how to build a house.
3 what
what that which
Show me what you bought.
Show me that which you bought.
I dont know what he wants to do.

Tell me what you saw.
What I do is none of your business.
He didnt tell me what he was going to do.

He didnt tell me where he was going to go.
4
I know the man (who) my sister likes.

I know the man. My sister likes the man.
who the man
58
Lesson 8:
1.
2.
borrow
3.
(cherish)
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
(hundreds of warts) 8
59
Lesson 8: ()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
This is the jacket that I bought when I went to France.
8.
Many students were gathered for the demonstration, some of which were female
Give me back the umbrella that I let you borrow yesterday.

This is the vase that my grandfather used to cherish.
I cant find the folder that this document used to be in.
He doesnt believe the reason why you cant come.
She goes shopping on Mondays when the stores are not crowded.
I used to be very popular among girls, which no one believes now.
students.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
That is the guy who knocked over my bicycle.

That is the car that ran over him.
I went to the restaurant that Ichiro used to go to.
I dont want to know what he said.
That is what I am worried about.
At which store did Yoko buy her blue dress which she wore at the party that
Kyoko hosted in the house, which her sister used to live?
15.
Give me back the book I gave you last year.
16.
December 7th, 1941, thats the day everybody should remember where they
were.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
I was surrounded by the people who read the book that I wrote when I was young.
This cat bit the dog that my grandmother used to love.
I cant respect people who dont listen to others.
This is the fish that the cat next door stole.
I met a person who claimed he saw the play that was made by the students who go
to the same school that Taro goes to.
22.
23.
I heard that he met the person who read the letter that you sent to Takako.
I heard that the man who works in the building next to the office where you used to
work married the woman I used to go out with.
24. I would like to meet the person who knows why he repainted his car.
25. I saw a strange animal with eight arms that had hundreds of warts yesterday.
26. I saw a strange animal which has eight arms with hundreds of warts yesterday.
60
Lesson 9:
my
me
mine
myself
you
your
you
yours
yourself
he
his
him
his
himself
she
er
her
hers
herself
It
Its
It
we
our
us
ours
ourselves
you
your
you
yours
yourselves
they
their
them
theirs
themselves
itself
My computer is better than yours.

It is my fault, not yours. ()
yours your fault
He is my friend.
A friend of mine gave me this book.
my friend
a friend of mine

He hates himself.
I did it myself.
I saw Ichiro himself.
The car doesnt run by itself.
I can lift the TV by myself.
She wants everything to herself.
Please make yourself at home.
Please help yourself to the salad.
61
it
He didnt like the book. I didnt like it, either.
It is easy to read this book. ( )

It is regrettable that you failed the test. ()
I find it hard to believe.

It will be sunny tomorrow.
It is three thirty.
How far is it from here to your house?
It was really fun.
It is getting dark.
It is freezing cold outside.
It is my turn.
this, that
this
This is my room.
This is my house. This is my country.
Who is this?
This is TOM.
that
That is your room. That is your house.
What was that? ()
What do you mean by that?
Say that again?
I dont want to hear that.
Give me that.
62
one
one a pencil it the pencil
I would like an apple. I would like one, too. ()
I would like your apple. Well, you cant have it.
one
Which do you like, this candy or that candy?
candy one
Which do you like, this one or that one?
Which one do you like, the black one or the red one?
I want the black one.

Which one do you like, a black one or a red one?
I want a red one.
7none
None of
None of my friends play tennis.
No + none
Do you have any money? I have none (=no money). ( )
8 all
All of
All of us were very tired.
All of the cars have a GPS
All books are free.
All sushi is free.
63
I dont like cats at all.

He came all the way from Canada.
each
Each of you should have your own bicycle.

Each car is checked separately.
We love each other.
Watermelons are $5 each.
10
both
Both of us are from Kobe.
Both fighters look tired.
11
XXX of them
One of them is mine.
Any of them is mine.
Both of them are mine.

Some of them are mine.
Either of them is mine.
Neither of them is mine.
12
other another
One and the other

One is red and the other is blue.
One and the others
One is round and the others are oval.
Some and the others
Some are round and the others are oval.
Some and some others
Some are round and some others are oval.
Another
To talk about it is one thing but to do it is another.
64
Lesson
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
9:
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
(fall)
25.
26.
27.
65
Lesson
9: ()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
My son can ride a bus by himself.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
I need to talk to both of you.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Buildings fell one after another.
Is that hat his or hers?

The door opened by itself and cold air came in.
It is really quiet here.
Dont make the same mistake again.
If you dont have an umbrella, you can use this one.
None of the kids were able to speak English.
We all were against the idea.
Neither of us can drive.
Some of the apples were rotten.
Be kind to others.
Give me another maguro.
I spent all the money I had.
Which do you like, the big one or the small one?
What do you mean by that?
We should get to know each other before we begin this work.
I dont like natto. Neither do I. (me, either)
I like namako. So do I. (me, too)
All is well that ends well.
In those days, everything used to be cheap.
Those who dont have a pencil shouldnt be here.
She came all the way from Hakodate.
Its none of your business.
This car is that expensive?
I didnt know that beetles get this big.
66
Lesson 10:
If
A)
If it rains, I will not go fishing. ()
If I dont have to work on Saturday, I will go fishing with you.
B)
If you are going, I am not going.
would, could
If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
If I were a carpenter, would you marry me?
If I didnt have to work tomorrow, I would go to the movies with you.
67
If I were to tell you what I am thinking, would you be upset with me?
If
+ had
would have +
could
might
should
If I had had a lot of money then, I could have bought that house.
If I had told him about that, he might not have quit his job.
If I had known that you were such a jerk, I wouldnt have asked you to come with us.
If I had known that he was coming, I would have waited.

= If I knew that that he was coming, I would have waited.
If I had known what I know now, I wouldnt have married him.
=If I knew what I know now, I wouldnt have married him.
If I had Had I
If I had known that he was coming, I would have waited.
= Had I known that he was coming, I would have waited.
68
As if
He talked as if he had seen it.
About time
Its about time we talked about it.
Its time you bought a new car.
If only
If only you were here. ()
If only I had bought that house. ()
I wish ()
I wish I were a bird.
I wish I had not told him.
I should()
If you should have any questions, please contact us.
Unless () If --not
Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go on a trip.
69
Lesson 10:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
()
8. Once
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29. Had
30.
31.
32. If
70
Lesson 10:
()
1.
If the weather improves, we will be able to start the game.
2.
If this building werent here, we could see Mt. Fuji.
3.
If your wife can go, I would like to ask her to take me.
4.
If the train is gone, I will take a cab.
5.
If I had been there, he should not have failed.
6.
I might have married him, if he had been a little taller.
7.
If you find out the situation, please let me know.
8.
Once the preparation is done, we can start the project.
9.
If I were you, I wouldnt pay such a high price.
10.
If he were still alive, he would be 35 years old today.
11.
If he is a doctor, he should know what to do.
12.
If he had been a doctor, he should have known what to do.
13.
If I had known that you were able to come this soon, I would have come sooner also.
14.
Unless you two make up, we will not finish this work.
15.
If I lived closer, I could come by more often.
16.
If I had more money, I could buy that house.
17.
If I had bought that stock, I would have been rich.
18.
I wish I had studied more.
19.
He talked about it as if he had seen it.
20.
I wish I could.
21.
If you had known it (If you knew it), why didn't you tell me?
22.
If you dont want to go out with him, you can turn him down.
23.
If only my son were smarter.
24.
If they dont have tuna, buy red snapper.
25.
If the water is boiled, turn off the burnerstove.
26.
If you use the toilet, please make sure to put the lid down.
27.
He looked so pale as if he had seen a ghost.
28.
Suppose you got 100 million yen, what would you buy?
29.
Had it not been for your timely advice, I might have married that woman.
30.
Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact us.
31.
If I were to propose to you, would you accept it?
32.
Without his help, we would probably have failed.
71
Lesson 11:

On
My cat sleeps on the floor.
Down
He ran down the hill.
Up
He ran up the stairs.
at
I shop at Sogo.
in
I shop in Sannomiya.
out of
He is out of the office.
off
Please keep off the grass.
across
She went across the street.
through
He ran through the forest.
near
There is a post office near my house.
by
Please sit in the chair by the window.
beside
You can sit beside me.
72
between
He sat between the two women.
among
He is the best singer among them.
away
Jim is away from his desk.
behind
The cabinet is behind the desk.
in front of
The desk is in front of the cabinet.
in the back of
He sat in the back of the bus.
to the right of
Susie sat to the right of Tom.
to the left of
Mary is standing to the left of Mike.
in the middle of
The table is in the middle of the room.
in the corner of
The bed is in the corner of his room.
above
The clock is above the desk.
below
There is a poster below the clock.
under
The dog is sleeping under the desk.
around
There are flowers around the house.
near
He lives near me.
toward
He went toward your house.
next to
He wanted to sit next to her.
73

at
Jack met Susan at 7:30 pm.
on
He is coming home on Wednesday.
in
She will go to France in May.
until
I will stay here until next Monday.
by
Finish your work by tomorrow.
from
The lesson will start from next Wednesday.
since
I havent seen him since two days ago.
for
I slept for 12 hours.

12
after
Please come to my house after 3 pm.
within
I will return your book within three days.

3
during
He fell asleep during his lesson.
in time
I will be back in time.
on time
I finished the work on time.

I will leave in two hours.
I will leave after two hours.

I will leave within two hours.
74
at
on
in
I will see you at McDonalds on Main Street in New York City at 7 p.m. on Wednesday the 12th
in August.
cut-down
a.
I jumped over the table.
b.
He jumped in the pool.
c.
I jumped on the table.
d.
I walked around the table. ()
e.
A dog jumped out of the car. ()
f.
The dog jumped at me.
g.
I jumped under the table. ()
across
He came across the bridge.
His house is across (the street) from the fire station.
He came across as a smart student.
He came across Susan in Osaka.
75
for
Thank you for helping me. ()
This present is for you.
He left for Tokyo yesterday.
I bought this book for 500 yen.
I slept for two hours.
For this reason, I wouldnt go.
This hat is too big for me.
He is tall for his age.
He is studying for Eiken.
I went to the store for my mother.
for
For that matter,
So much for that.
For one, he can run fast.
For all I care, she can go anywhere.
I am all for it. ()
Five for \1000. 1000
For example,
by
You can sit by me.
I go to work by car.
I have to be at work by 8 am.
The book was written by Soseki. ()
The Giants won the game by 3 runs. ()
He grabbed me by the arm.
Its OK by me. ()
76
Get in the car.
Get out of the car.
Get on the bus.
Get off the bus.
Get on the plane.
Get off the plane.
Get on the bicycle.
Get off the bicycle.
Get on the horse.
Get off the horse.
Get on the boat.
Get off the boat.
off
off
eparate
cut off
We need to cut off any ties with politicians. ()

The cut-off time for 5 pm show is at 4:30 pm. ()
tear off
The winds are strong enough to tear off the roof. ()
break off
He broke off the engagement with his fiance. ()
rip off
His shirt was ripped off in the fight. ()
take off
You can take a week off from your work. ()

Please take off your shoes before entering the room. ()
The plane just took off. ()
How much can you take off? ()
drive off
The man drove off on his motorcycle. ()
run off
His wife ran off with her new boyfriend. ()
wipe off
Wipe that smirk off your face. ()
dust off
Dust off your pants before you come inside the house.
wash off
Please wash the dirt off your hands.
get off
Get off my back.

I usually get off the train at 3 every day.
fall off
I fell off from the roof.
shave off
You would look younger if you shaved off your beard.
bite off
Don't bite off more than you can chew.
77
blow off
The wind is not strong enough to blow off the roof.
turn off
You are really turning me off.

Please turn off the water when you are finished.
Turn the engine off when you stop.
Turn off at the next exit. (
finish off
I want you to finish off the job before midnight.
walk off
He walked off of his job.

He walked off with my keys.
put off
We'd like to put off this project.
call off
I want to call off our wedding.
hit off
Bob and I really hit it off.
jump off
The man jumped off the cliff.
write off
We are writing you off.
lay off
He was laid off last week
knock off
Knock it off guys!
kick off
We kicked off our new season.
stand-off
Two teams are in a stand-off.
slide off
The car slid off the road during the snowstorm.
throw off
His odd behavior is really throwing me off.
charge off
The bank will charge off the unpaid debt.
push off
The scene showed him being pushed off a cliff.
see off
I'll take you to the airport to see you off.
fly off
He's flying off to Brazil.
tip off
The basketball fans are waiting for the tip off.
lift off
The NASA space shuttle is ready for lift off.
drop off
I need to drop off this letter at the post office.
go off
A huge bomb went off in the Middle East yesterday.
fight off
I'm fighting off a bad cold.
roll off
It was so hot, the sweat rolled off his brow.
rush off
She was in a hurry and rushed off.
speed off
The car was speeding off to avoid the police.
pay off
I will pay off my credit card next month.

If you study hard, it will pay off in the end.
pull off
He really pulled it off.
saw off
I can saw off the limb.
78
dry off
Dry off your hair before you go out.
hold off
Please hold off on that call.
shake off
I shook off the concern he had.
sneak off
Don't you be sneaking off from the work.
tell off
Its not nice to tell someone off.
dose off
The man dosed off while watching a movie.
close off
The school was closed off after the shooting incident.
face off
Two men faced off at the race.
keep off
Please keep off the grass.
seal off
The police sealed off the area.
drop off
Drop me off at the next corner.
live off of
My grown son still lives off of me.
cool off
I would like to cool off at the shopping mall.
back off
If you dont back off, you will get hurt.
79
Lesson 11:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
80
Lesson 11:
()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
This store opens at 10.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
She got into the car with her pet dog.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
You should go there by car.
Come home by 8.
I dont have to go to work until next Wednesday.
I have to finish this work within a week.
I can see you during the lunch break.
The wedding will start in ten minutes.
Lets meet at Sogo in Sannomiya at 7 pm.
Get out of here.
A large hawk flew over my house.
He is taking a nap under the tree.
He ran down the stairs.
You should not walk across the Highway.
The post office is between the pharmacy and the supermarket.
Please stay by me.
The train left for Osaka.
There are many restaurants along this road.
I bought this camera for 1000 yen.
Put that table against the wall.
He is against the idea.
The woman in red is my sister.
I eat curry with chopsticks.
This doll is made of porcelain.
May I sit next to you?
A cat is sleeping under the table.
He is studying for Tokyo University.
He is from the U.S.
29. She graduated from college at age 20.

30. I havent seen him in three days.
81
Lesson 12:
and
I like apples and oranges.
and
Go now and you will be able to catch her.
()
or
()
Are they boys or girls?
or ()
Stop smoking, or you will die of cancer.
but ()
He is good looking but he is poor.
hen
When I came home, my brother was taking a bath.
hile
While I was taking a bath, my brother came home.
hile
While he is nice to most people, he can get mean if he doesnt like you
82
efore
Before I go, I would like to climb Mt. Fuji.
after
I am going to eat dinner after I take a bath.
once
Once you eat sushi, you will never go back to eating greasy food.
so
I was very hungry, so I ate two steaks.
either A or B
(A B)
Either you or I should go.

A or B
either one of us
either one of those
either one of them
neither A nor B A B
He has neither good looks nor lots of money.
both A and B
(A B )
I passed both Tohdai and Waseda.
A B
both of them
both of us
that
()
83
I heard that you went to Hawaii. ()

It is important that you keep a diary.
There is a rumor that you are going to marry Susie.
because ()
Because it was raining, we stayed home.
since
Because
Since today is your birthday, lets dine out.
If ()
You can call me if you need my help.
unless
Unless you tell him, hes not going to know about it.
although
Although I am not that hungry, I can eat some sushi.
()
as long as
As long as you are my son, you are going to listen to me.
unless ()
Unless it gets cooler, I am not going to go hiking.
even if
Even if you are a millionaire, I still dont like you.
84
even though
Even though you aint got moneyI am still in love with you.
in case
In case you dont know, your shirt has a rip in the back.
no matter
No matter how you cut it, what he did was wrong.
No matter what you say, I dont believe you.
not only but ()

Not only did he cheat on her, but he also lied about it.
notbut
Not that I was tired but I was hungry.
She is not gorgeous but attractive.
85
Lesson 12:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
86
Lesson 12
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Lets go somewhere because the weather is nice.

Although I am tired, I will help you.
Even if he apologizes, I will not forgive him.
Unless it rains, we will start the game.
Once you start, you cannot turn back.
No matter what you say, I dont believe you.
Not that I have a crush on you, I really like you.
In case you get hungry, take this with you.
9. While I was sleeping, my father came home.

10. Not only did he lie to me, but he also stole my camera.
11. As long as you remain my employee, youd better listen to me.
12. As far as I am concerned, we are finished.
13. Right before he left, he told me not to come looking for him.
14. As I was walking through the woods, I found a house made of candies.
15. Regardless of his age, he is not allowed in this club.
No matter how old he is, he cannot join this club.
16. While some cats are nice and friendly, others are mean.
87
Lesson 13:
tall
taller
the tallest
famous
more famous
the most famous
er () est
more less most least

()
more beautiful
the most beautiful
more comfortable the most comfortable
less friendly
the least friendly

Mary is taller than Jim.
Mary is more talkative than Jim.
Jim is less talkative than Mary. ()
Tom is the tallest in his class.

Tom is the most patient among his friends.
Tom is the least patient of all.
88
he
I am happiest when you are with me.

You look prettiest in that dress.
as as A
Tom is as tall as Mary.

Mary can run as fast as Tom.
Tom has as much money as Mary. ()
Mary can eat twice as much as Tom.
I love you ten times as much as Tom does.
I have three times as many dresses as you.
as as
as as
This car costs as much as 5 million yen.

You can buy this dress for as little as 3000 yen.
I met him as recently as yesterday.
There were as many as 50 people in the room.
I go for a walk as often as twice a day.
as soon as
I will call you as soon as I get home.

Please go to the hospital as soon as possible.
as well as
I like fish as well as beef.

as good as
This car is as good as new.

The roach is as good as dead.
89
as far as
As far as I know, he is not to be trusted.

I went as far as Kyoto to look for him.
as long as
As long as I am here, you are safe. ()

As long as you are here, why dont you help me?
much/many
more
most
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
little
less
least
far
()
late
farther
further
farthest
furthest
later
latter
latest
last
90
Lesson 13:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
91
Lesson 13:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Takako is taller than Taro.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Taro is one of the tallest boys in his class.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
There is no one smarter than Taro.
Taro is shorter than Natsuko.

Natsuko is the tallest of the three.
Takako is as tall as Natsuko.
Natsuko is twice as patient as Taro.
Takako is not as old as Natsuko.
Taro is the 10th tallest boy in his class.
Takako is fatter than anyone in her class.
She doesnt want to know about you as much as you want to know about her.
Natsuko has twice as much money as Taro.
Hokkaido is further north of Tokyo.
Rie is a little shorter than Aiko.
I like Kobe much better than Osaka.
It is colder today than yesterday.
We need to collect as much money as fast as we can.
I would like to eat sushi as much as I can.
I am no longer interested in you.
This PC is as good as new.
You can buy this vacuum cleaner for as little as 50,000 yen.
I dont want to see him any more.
Please come as soon as possible.
You cant eat too many vegetables.
As far as I am concerned, he doesnt exist.
He can read English faster than me.
He can read English much faster than me.
More or less.
29. The more you eat, the fatter you get.

30. It was three times as cold yesterday as today.
= Yesterday was three times colder than today.
92
Lesson 14:
GO
()
Is he a college student? Yes, he goes to Kobe University.
( )
()
Where is he? Hes gone.
( )
The ship is sinking. All hope is gone.
( )
Why is he selling his house? I heard that all of his wealth is gone.
( )
()
What happened to Hanakos boyfriend? Hes gone to America.
( )
()
Why does nobody object to your suggestion?
What I say goes around here.
( )
()
If cats meow, what sound do cows make? Cows go moo-moo.

()
Which is the best English school in Kobe? It goes without saying that E-MAX is.
( )
93
()
Where do I put this table?
That table goes here.
( )
()
Why did he lose the contract? He went too far in pushing the product.
( )
Go +
go by
I thought his name was John. No, he goes by the name of Mike around here.

go by
Can I leave now? No, you cant. You must go by the rules.
( )
go out of ones way
Why are you so nice to him?
Because he went out of his way to help me.
(
)
go ahead
May I go first, I am in a hurry. Go ahead!
go around
May I go first, I am in a hurry. Please go around me.
go down
I believe the price of gasoline will go down next year.

()
94
go on
Can I start paying the game? Sure, go on!

( )
go back
Where did Bob go? He went back to his house.

( )
go back
Why are you so mad with him? Because he went back on his promise.
( )
go along with
You two get along very well, it seems. She usually goes along with what I say.
()
go away
I want you to be my girlfriend.
Well, I dont. So, please go away!
()
go for
Why are you working so hard at it?
I am going for the top prize.
( )
go for
This table is very nice. Is it expensive?
This table goes for $500.
500
go out
I am alone tonight. Oh, then lets go out tonight.

()
go off
Whats that noise?
The alarm went off.
( )
95
go through with
Why are you worried? I dont know if I can go through with this.
(? )
go over
I don't understand the explanation. OK, let's go over the instructions again.
( )
go after
Why doesn't Tom have a girlfriend?
Because he only goes after popular ones.
(Tom ? )
go against
Thats because she went against her parents wishes to marry Osamu.
()
go through
Why are you so upset? The airport official went through my bag.
(? )
go through
How did he die? A bullet went right through his heart.

?
go by
Where is Mark? I went by his house, but he wasnt home.

(Mark )
go out of
We went out of the building to cool off.

()
96
Go +
go mad
After failing so many times, what happened to him?
He went mad.
( )
Get mad
go steady
You guys are always together, whats going on? We are going steady.
( )
go bankrupt
Why dont you go to work anymore? The company went bankrupt.

( )
Go +
go Dutch
I dont have much money. Dont worry, well go Dutch then.

()
97
Lesson 14:
Go
98
Lesson 14: Go
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
He went through many hardships.

Rita went out of her way to warn me about the man.
Alex couldnt go through with the tough training required for the job.
It is important to go over your application before submitting it.
John shouldnt go against his brothers decision.
We should go by the rules of the organization.
His car went for 5 million yen.
8. If he tries to go back on his word, I will no longer help him.

9. Janet always goes along with whatever her husband says.
10. Susan is going out with Jim tonight but doesnt want to go steady with him.
11. We should always go after what we want.
12. This stock has been going up for two months.
13. His dream went up in smoke.
14. His dream went down the drain.
15. We can go Dutch if you want.
16. Johns company went bankrupt three years ago.
17. He went on a diet and lost 10 kg.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Sandy went off to Italy to study opera.

The price of gasoline has been going up recently.
John went across the street to the post office.
I am going to go for Eiken 1st grade.
There she goes showing off her new dress.
We went back to the hotel after dinner.
He went ahead of the group to check out the path.
The bullet went through the wall.
Whats going on?
A strange rumor has been going around.
This apple is going bad.
29. She went on to become a model.

30. Dont go telling people how you met me.
99
Lesson 15:
have
havehave
How much money do you have? I have seven thousand yen.

What kind of car do you have?
I have a Nissan.

Does he have a big house?
No, he has a small house.

How do I find your house?
My house has a tall green roof.

Can you watch movies on your computer?
Yes, my computer has a DVD player.
DVD
What color eyes does Mary have? She has green eyes.

Do you know where my keys are? I have no idea.

Is she smart? Yes, but she has no common sense.

Have we met before? I have a feeling that weve met before.

Have you ever been here before? Yes, I have a memory of visiting this temple.
( )
What kind of dream did you have? I had a really good dream last night.

100
Did you sleep well last night? Yes, I had a great nights sleep.

Did you get some rest today?
Yes, I had a long nap this afternoon.

Do you have any habits? Well, I have a bad habit of biting my nails.

Youre holding your stomach. Is something wrong? I have a bad stomachache.

Why do you look flushed? I have a fever.
How was your trip to Hawaii? Oh, I had a good time in Hawaii.

Did you speak with Bill yesterday? Yes, we had a good conversation.
Why are you alone tonight? I had a quarrel with my girlfriend last night.

Why does Mary look so happy today?
She had a date with John last night.
Why are you so late for work? I had a car accident on the way.

Can you sail? No, I have no experience in sailing.
Would you like to buy my car? No, I have no need for a car.

Why are you selling your computer away? I havent used it much.
()
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
Yes, I have two brothers and a sister.
( )
Are you on a budget? Yes, I have two sons in college.
Why are you restless? I have a big date tonight.
Whats wrong with your car?
It has many problems.
101

What can you do about this problem?
Sorry, but I dont have a solution.

What do you think about global warming? I have no opinion on that issue.

Have you been to Africa? No, I have no desire to go there.

Can we go fishing tomorrow?
Sorry, but I have school tomorrow.
Why are you studying so much? I have a big exam tomorrow.
What would you like to order? Ill have a slice of pizza, please.

Are you tired today? Yeah, I just dont have any energy.

You dont mind flying across the country?
No, I have no fear of flying.
How can you read such small print? Ive always had very good eyesight.
How can you remember everyones name? I have a really good memory.
Is she good at many things?
Yes, she has many talents.
To have it ones own way

Do you think hes selfish? Yes, he always wants to have it his way.
To have nothing to do with, have lots to do with

Are you friends with him? No, I have nothing to do with him.

102
Lesson 15:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
103
Lesson 15: ()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What kind of dream did you have?

Did you have a goog time in Hawaii?
I am going to have dinner with Susie.
What kind of car does he have?
I have no idea.
She has a stomachache.
Did you have a good sleep last night?
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Do you have a solution?

I have an important exam tomorrow.
Do you have a fear of heights?
He has a big date tomorrow.
I have no need for a car.
You have very good eyesight.
I have a very good memory.
My mother has ten brothers.
My house has 15 rooms.
He doesnt have any strange habits, does he?
18. I have no energy today.

19. I had a car accident on the way.
20. I had a fight (argument) with my girlfriend yesterday.
104
Lesson 16:
TAKE
What would you like? Ill take three donuts.

Where are you going? I am taking my son to the hospital.

God has mercy on you! I take it that you are a priest.
I dont know if the price is right. Well, take it or leave it.

( )
How do I get to the train station?
Take a right on Main Street.
( )
Its been over 35 degrees every day!
I cant take it any more.
()
Ill see you next week. OK, take it easy.

()
My boyfriend just dumped me. Thats too bad, but dont take it too seriously.
105
You have a choice of a bus or a train. Id rather take a bus than a train.
()
Would you take 500 yen for your kimono? Are you kidding? Its not for sale.
( )
How long does it take to get to the station? It takes about 10 minutes.
10
TAKE +
take a breath
Before diving into the water, what do you do?
I take a deep breath.
( )
take a picture
Excuse me, would you mind taking my picture?
Sure, how many pictures would you like
me to take?

take care
Hes not feeling well. Tell him to take care of himself.
This is a tough problem. Dont worry. I will take care of it.
take a walk
Where is your husband?
He is taking a walk.
( )
take a nap
Where is your husband?
He is taking a nap.
()
106
take ones time
I am late for my class!
Dont rush.
Take your time.
( )
take place
If he cant come, I will take his place.

()
take a look
He wants me to come and take a look at his new car.

()
take a seat
I think everybody is here now. OK, please ask them to take a seat.
take a bath
Do you want to go to an onsen later?
No, thanks. I just took a bath this morning.
( )
take ones life
How did he die?
Cancer took his life.
( )
take a bow
What did the pianist do after he finished his performance?
He took a bow.
take a break
I am exhausted! Take a break for a few minutes.

2
take a chance
Why is he betting on the horses? Tom likes to take chances.

107
take advantage of
He does not take advantage of weak people like you.
take steps
We should take necessary steps to correct the mistake.
Take turns
We took turns driving.
take
take out
Would it be for here or to go?
I am taking it out.
take along
What are you going to do about your little boy?
I will take him along.
take up on
So, what do you think about my offer?
I will take you up on your offer.
( )
take off
Please, take off your coat before you come in.

()
take off
I am asking $5000 for this car. How much can you take off of the price?
5000
take off
When are you going to leave? I will take off when the time comes.
108
take off
Dont worry, the sales will take off when spring comes.
()
take over
I will take over his job when he retires.

()
take up
Why do I have to move this box? Its taking up a lot of space.

( )
take up
Why are you quitting this project?
It is taking up too much of my time.
( )
take out
Why are you going this late?
I am going to take Mary out for dinner.
take out
Who takes out the garbage? My husband takes out the garbage, I dont.
?
take back
He is taking back his promise.
takeon
I will take you on any day.

()
take A away
May I clear your dinner plate from the table?
Sure, take it away.
( )
take apart
My son took apart my camera.
()
109
take down
Just take down what I tell you.
takefor granted
Why did his wife leave him? Well, he took his wifes love for granted.

take it out on
Dont take it out on me.
I had nothing to do with it.
take up
He is starting a new hobby? Hes taking up golf.

take after
He looks like his father. He takes after his father in many ways.
()
110
Lesson 16:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
5000
30
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
111
Lesson 16:
()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What time did you take a bath yesterday?

He went out to take a walk.
Take care.
Take off your shoes before coming into the house.
I will take your place during your vacation.
My father is taking me to the ballgame tomorrow.
Take a deep breath before your interview.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Excuse me. Can you take my picture?

Take a look at this.
Will you take 5000 yen for this picture?
Which train do I take to go to Osaka?
Take your time.
He is taking a nap now.
Please take a break for 30 minutes.
How long does it take to go to Osaka?
Take a right at the second light.
You cant take back what you once said.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Take it away! I never want to see it again.

He will take over my job.
I am taking her out tonight.
Can I take off now?
This hobby takes up too much time.
He took out his business card from his pocket.
I am taking an English conversation class.
It will take 100 workers to build this building.
112
Lesson 17:
PUT
Why did he do that? To put it mildly, he is not really together.
PUT +
ut on
()
I will never betray you! Then, put your hand on the Bible and swear to it.
( )
ut on
Just put your name on the list.

()
ut on
They put all the blame on me.

()
ut on
I dont believe you.
Are you putting me on?
ut on weight
The baby is getting bigger and starting to put on more weight.

()
ut on
You should put on a jacket because its getting cold outside.

()
113
ut ones finger on
Whats wrong with the car? I cant put my finger on the why the car isnt running well.
()
ut up
Im putting up the picture on the living room wall.

()
ut up with
Are the summers in Tokyo very hot?
Yes, its hard to put up with the heat and
humidity.
( )
ut up to
Why did you pull that prank?
I didnt want to, but they put me up to it.
ut up
They put up a really big house on that hill over there.

()
ut up
Yes, next time Ill tell him to put up or shut up!

()
ut down
Please put down your pencil when youre finished.

()
ut down
She is so critical all the time.
Yes, shes always putting people down.
ut down
Would you like to join our organization?
Yes, you can put me down as a junior
member.

114
ut down
How much can you put down on the car?
I can only put down 50,000 yen.
ut away
He put away a lot of money while working for Toyota.

()
ut back
Please put the books back on the shelf.

()
ut off
I think Ill put off the appointment until next month.

()
ut in
She put the rice in the bowl.

()
ut an end to
Bobs marriage to another woman put an end to Cindys advances.

()
ut it aside
What should I do with this report?

Please put it aside for now and well discuss it later.

115
Lesson 17:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
116
Lesson 17:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Taro should put on his hat because it is very hot.

Jane put off her wedding until next month.
We should put an end to his selfish action.
Put the milk back in the refrigerator.
Please put back the table to where it was.
He is putting you on.
Keiko has been putting on some weight.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
They put the blame on me.

I cant put my finger on the problem.
The company could no longer put up with his laziness.
Put the pen down when you have finished writing.
They are putting up a large building here.
Please put this picture up on the wall.
He forgot to put on his watch this morning.
Put some salt in the soup.
Mary put her hand on Jims shoulder.
When finished, please put all your toys away.
18. Susie put away 5 million yen in two years.

19. Simply put, you are not cut out for the job.
20. Put the box down on the floor.
117
Lesson 18:
Get
Get
Why are you studying so much? Because I want to get a good job.

Do you need anything from the grocery store? Yes, please get me some apples.

Language is like a bridge. I dont get it

Why are we stopping the discussion?
Because this discussion is getting nowhere.
(? )
What time are you coming to my house? I should get to your house by 5 pm.
()
We may not finish the project on time. Well, then, lets get to it.
()
Do you know his name?
Sorry, I didnt get his name.
( )
118
Getto
You should get your mother to pay for your tuition.
Get
When you get your homework done, then you can go outside
Im getting my house painted tomorrow.

()
I just got my drivers license taken away.
Get to do something
Did you watch the World Cup? I didnt get (a chance ) to watch it because I had to do
my homework.( )
didnt get to couldnt
Example: Did you watch the World Cup?
I couldnt watch it because I dont have a TV.
To leave: Get movingGet going
It is getting late. Should we get going? Yeah, we should get moving.
119
Get +
Where is he now? He is getting on the train right now.

( )
(board)
get on board boarding
get on / get off

get in / get out of
You get in the car.
You get in the truck. ()
You get in the ambulance.
You get on the truck ()
You get on the bus.
You get on the plane.
You get on the boat.
You get on the bicycle. ON
You get on the horse. ON
()
get off
What time is she getting off the bus?
She is getting off the bus at 3.
get together
Do you want to have lunch tomorrow? Yes, lets get together for lunch.
(? )
get up
What time do you get up in the morning? I get up at 7 am every day.

()
120
get back at
Why he is so mean to you?
He is trying to get back at me.
get over
I am so shocked about my dead fish.
Come on, just get over it.
()
get over
I have such a bad headache. Hopefully, you will get over your cold soon.
()
get to
Why dont you want to go with him? His selfish attitude is really getting to me.
()
get by
Why are you looking for a job? Because we cant get by on his salary alone.
( )
get away
Why is he so upset?
Oh, he let a big fish get away.
( )
get at
Are you getting along with your wife? Yes, but what are you trying to get at?

get ahead
Why are you in such a hurry?
I want to get ahead of everybody.
( )
get along
How are you two doing? Oh, e are getting along just fine.
( )
121
get by
Why are you pushing me? Im sorry, but I need to get by you.
()
get in
What time did you come home last night? I got in around 10 pm.
()
get off ones back
You shouldnt be staying out so late. Hey, mind your own business and get off my back!
get in touch with
I will be in Kobe next month. Oh, then get in touch with me when you get to Kobe.
get lost
Osaka is such a big city.
I agree. I get lost easily.
get lost
Get lost! ()
get used to
I dont like to live in the city. You will get used to the city life soon.
Get + Get +
Be get
I am tired.
I get tired.
I am married.
I get married.
I am hungry.
I get hungry.
I am caught.
I get caught.
122
I am frustrated.
I get frustrated.
Please get well.
You are getting fat!
You are getting thin.
You are getting tall.
You are getting smart.
The days are getting longer.
The tree is getting bigger.
His hair is getting thinner.
You are getting better.
It is getting colder.
It is getting warmer.
I am getting angry.
Id like to get married someday.

I am getting married next week.
I got married last week.
I am married now.
I will marry Suzie next month.
have got
have
How much do you have? Ive got two thousand yen. = I have two thousand yen.
()
have got to,
has got to
must must, have to, should
Where are you going? Ive got to go to the grocery store.
()
= I must go to the grocery store.

Ive got to go. Ive gotta go.
123
Lesson 18:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
124
Lesson 18: ()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I want to get a good job.

Call me when you get to the store.
Excuse me? I didnt get your name.
Get out of here.
Its getting cold outside.
What time is she getting off the bus?
To work hard is the fastest way to get ahead.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Lets get together next month.

I will get in touch with you later.
I got it.
What did you get for your birthday?
Get in here.
Get out of here.
We get along very well.
I cant get by with only 100,000 yen per month.
Get down from there.
Excuse me. Let me get by you.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
What time did you get home?

Please let me know when you get to Kobe.
I got lost in New York.
Where do you get your haircut?
When did she get married?
It took a long time to get used to the new job.
She is getting a little fat lately.
What time do you get up every morning?
You need to get over that cold soon.
Get me three oranges.
He got drunk quickly.
29. I got sleepy while reading the book.

30. I get frustrated when I try to speak English.
125
APPENDIX 1
homely atmosphere
You can enjoy your dinner in a homely atmosphere.
imbalance
This combination is not well balanced.
improve one's image
This strategy will result in improving our image.
damage one's image
His behavior is surely going to damage his image.
selfishness
He is selfish.
energetic
He is a very energetic guy.
green light
Start the production when you get a green light.
exactly
Let's meet at 3 pm.
deadline
When is the deadline for the application?
rumor, gossip
That rumor is groundless.
doctor's order
The boxer had to retire due to the doctor's order.
sensitive
She is a very sensitive person.
transvestite
He is a transvestite.
name recognition
The brand Coach has a high brand-name recognition.
Japanese person of mixed
race
She is half Japanese and half American.
clown
There is a clown in the circus.
flyer
Where are you distributing the flyers?
ladies'man
He is a ladies man.
front desk, reception desk
I checked in at the front desk.
platform
The train came into the platform.
body search, frisk
You will be searched at the airport.
at my own pace
He works at his own pace.
manager
He is the manager of this store.
OL
(female) office worker
OL
I work at ABC company.
white collar worker
He is a white-collar worker.
part-time job
I work part-time at the present.
complaint
I am taking care of some complaints on this product.
We need to implement a cost reduction plan for our
cost reduction
products.
We need to consider the disadvantage of what we are
disadvantage
doing.
Part-timer
He is working part-time jobs.
new employee
New employees will arrive in April.
blinker, indicator
Turn on the right blinker.
stalled engine
The engine stalled on the highway yesterday.
convertible
That convertible looks nice.
gas station,
Let's gas up at that station.
car horn
Don't honk the horn too frequently.
parking
brake,
Be sure to engage the emergency brake when parking on a
emergency
brake
hill.
dump truck
There are many dump trucks on this road.

When you are involved in an accident, memorize the license
license plate
plate number of the other car.
motorcycle
I have a motorcycle license.
rearview mirror
I looked in the rearview mirror.
flat tire
I had a flat tire.
steering wheel
Turn the steering wheel to the right.
windshield, windscreen(B)
Can you wipe the windshield?
UV
UV protection
uv
This glass is coated with UV protection.
beauty salon, beauty parlor
She goes to a beauty shop once a week.
short haircut,
She looks good with a short haircut.
fashion coordinator
She is a fashion coordinator.
figure
Young girls these days have nice figures.
thin, slim
I like a slender man.
measurements
My measurements are secret.
wear no-makeup
I don't wear makeup at home.
conditioner
Wash off the rinse well.
treadmill
She is running on the treadmill.
tailor made
His suits are tailor-made.
jacket
Do you have this jacket in different colors?
swimming trunks
This trunk is too tight.
zipper
I closed the zipper on my bag.
suits
Do you have this suit in one size larger?
sweat shirt
This sweatshirt is made of thin material.
pantyhose
These pantyhose are too tight.
one size fits all
These pajamas are one size fits all.
same outfit
Those two are wearing the same outfit.
velcro
Shoes with velcro straps are very convenient.
dress shirt
This dress shirt has short sleeves.
dress
I wore a dress at the wedding.
toaster oven
I toasted the bread in my toaster oven.
paper towel
Wipe immediately with a paper towel if you spill any liquid.
air-conditioning
Can you lower the temperature on the air conditioning?
mechanical pensile
I bought a mechanical pencil.
heater
Please heat the room with a heater.
screwdriver
You use a screwdriver to turn the screw.
playing cards
Tonight we are playing cards.
camcorder
Capture some scenes of the sport event with a camcorder.
video cassette recorder
My VCR is broken.
pan
You cook eggs on a pan.
stroller
This stroller is made in Japan.
baby crib
A baby is crying in the baby crib.
weight scales
She doesn't like to get on the weight scale.
ball point pen, biro(B)
Mike lost his ballpoint pen.
stapler
I stapled the documents.
Which would you use, a mechanical pencil or permanent
marker pen
marker?
portable stereo
CD
I want a new portable radio.
sticker
I put a sticker on the videotape.
backpack
I have a red backpack.
stove
She heated the rice on the stove.
cheating (in an exam)
He was caught cheating on the exam.
playground,
We always play on the playground during our lunch hour.
textbook
Let's read the textbook out loud.
listening comprehension
I will be taking a listening comprehension test.
(printed)handout
Pass this print-out to the person behind you.
one on one
He is taking one-on-one lesson.
lead-off man
The lead-off batter struck out.
night game
The Tigers won yesterday's night game.
home stadiom
The home stadium of theTigers is in Koushien.
outlet
Please insert the plug into the outlet.
restroom, bathroom,
Where is the restroom?
wooden floor
Let's polish the wood floor.
suburb
Nishinomiya is Kobe's suburb.
mailbox, postbox(B)
Where is the nearest mailbox?
apartment, condominium
My apartment is 10 stories high.
studio apartment
I live in a studio apartment.
gas
He stepped on the gas.
photographer
He is a famous photographer.
anchor
A TV anchor is a desired profession.
video arcade, game arcade
Let's go to the video arcade.
competition, control
They won the competition.
autograph, signature
This autograph is fake.
I always ride a roller coaster when I go to an amusement
roller coaster
park.
small drinking place
I had a beer at a small water hole.
celebrity, TV personality
He switched from TV personality to politician.

You could damage your eyesight from playing video games
video game
too much.
back issues
I ordered a year's worth of the back issues.
home video game
I would like to have software for my video game.
box office,
I purchased two tickets at the box office.
top 10
He placed in the top 10 at the golf competition.
mass media
This information was released to the media.
beauty pageant
She was chosen as number two in the beauty pageant.
soap opera
My mother always watches a soap opera.
black and white
He always wears clothes in black and white.
talk show
The talk show comes on at 2 pm every day.
questionnaire
Please answer these questionnaires.
security guard
There is a security guard standing in front of the bank.
upgrade
I want to upgrade my ticket.
upgrade
I wish to upgrade it.
toll free number
Do you have a toll-free number?
Please refer to our website for the products of our
website
company.
wake-up call
I would like to have a wakeup call at 7 am.
cream puff
I love cream puffs.
soft ice cream
My soft ice cream is melting.
buffet
Let's go for a buffet.
French fries
I would like two orders of French fries.
French fries
Can I also get French fries?
lemon soda
Which do you like, Coke or lemon soda?
PC
My pc is a Sony.
routine, stereotype
We are getting sort of too used to each other.
repeating the same pattern
Your idea always follows the same pattern.
sticker
I pealed off the sticker.
walk
The bases are loaded with a walk.
APPENDIX 2
- Idiom Chart
in
out
give
off
take
on
go
make
set
look
run
away
up
down
around
through
over
after
get
at
along
break
back
hold
for
by
walk
keep
cut
call
kick
come
pull
push
move
throw
APPENDIX 3
A(
V(
(do)
play
tennis
do
you
play
tennis
do not
play
tennis
not
(do)
play
tennis
You
(did)
played
tennis
do
will
play
tennis
are
playing
tennis
be
will
be playing
tennis
be
was
playing
tennis
was going to
play
tennis
have
played
tennis
are
busy
be
you
busy
are not
busy
not
late
You
busy
be be
Don't
were
be
A(
V(
C(
are going to
be
busy
will
be
busy
am
getting
busy
was
getting
busy
were going to
be
busy
have
been
busy
have
should
be
angry
be
be
angry
should not
be
angry
should not
have been
angry
be
have
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The Handbook of English Grammar

Everything you need to know

(Gerunds and Infinitives)

(Relative Pronouns and Adverbs) 57

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

He didnt tell me that.

I should go to school. I have never seen an elephant.

I went to Taros house which was very far.

She is beautiful. She is a beautiful girl. How beautiful is she?

He came very quickly. I always sleep late. I never eat snack.

He lives in a large city.

He cut off the rope.

What is your name? How many times did he fall?

Jack and I went to the beach.

A cat is sleeping under the table.

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

I (do) play tennis.

He does play tennis.

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

do you play tennis?

do you play tennis with?

do you play tennis?

do you play tennis?

do you play tennis?

You are not . Dont be .

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

Tom build this house.

- This house was built by Tom.

He is feeding his dog.

His dog is being fed by him.

You didnt do your homework, did you?

Its good, isnt it?

Close the door, will you? ()

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

I study English every day.

I studied English yesterday.

I will study English tomorrow.

I was going to get my hair cut yesterday (but I didn't).

I am studying English right now.

I am going to visit my aunt this Sunday.

I was studying English when you came.

I will be studying English tomorrow afternoon.

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

Have you (ever) played tennis (before)?

I have played tennis before.

Have you (already) played tennis (yet)?

I have already played tennis.

I have not played yet.

How long have you been playing tennis?

I have been playing tennis for two years.

I had never played tennis before I met her.

I have been playing golf for 2 years. 2

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

I have played tennis 20 years ago.

when, yesterday, last week, three days ago

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

The Handbook of English Grammar for Japanese Learners

She is shopping in Sannomiya now.

Where were you going to buy your new shoes?