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COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO RADIOGRAPHY

COURSE NUMBER: DENT 160
QUARTER: WINTER
TYPE OF COURSE: LECTURE: 2 HOURS / LAB: 4 HOURS
CREDITS: 4
INSTRUCTOR: JOAN MARTIN
QUARTER OFFERED: WINTER 2011

INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION:

NAME: JOAN MARTIN, CDA, MAED
OFFICE LOCATION: BUILDING 34, ROOM 230
OFFICE HOURS: 3:10-4:10 DAILY
PHONE: (360) 596-5295
E-MAIL: jmartinspscc.ctc.edu

REQUIRED TEXT:

DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY, PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES, HARING & HOWERTON,
SAUNDERS, THIRD EDITION, 2006

COURSE FEATURES / POLICIES:

A. Academic Honesty: All work is to represent own eIIorts rather than to be
copied Irom another. Cheating will result in an F grade Ior the
assignment or test. Other action may be taken as per Code of Student Rights and
Responsibilities Iound on the college`s website.
B. Students need to respect patient`s privacy.
C. Students cannot interIere with the learning experiences oI others.
D. Students late to lecture / labs may not be allowed to enter the classroom or
lab
E. The assigned dress code must be Iollowed.
F. Class participation / attendance: Students are expected to attend all
lecture classes and labs. II a class is missed, arrange with your study buddy` to obtain
all handouts and notes. Five points will be deducted Ior every lecture / lab missed.
G. Lab saIety and health issues: Students must Iollow all OSHA / WISHA
guidelines and observe all saIety rules when operating equipment, handling
instrumentation, working with patients.
H. Dental Assisting Policy and Procedural Manual should be reviewed and
Iollowed.
I. Students may have points deducted iI not prepared Ior lab activities and
not Iollowing instructions.




FINANCIAL AID

Students receiving Iinancial aid should ALWAYS check with Financial Aid prior to withdrawing, signing
an incomplete contract, or receiving an F or V grade.






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INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS AND EXPECTATIONS:

Learning experiences are designed to achieve goals and objectives.

This is a lecture / lab class. Lectures will be presented to clariIy materials in the text and handouts. Lab
time will be used Ior demonstration and practice. Videos, slides, overheads, groups activities may also be
used.

Grades are based on the Iollowing criteria:
/ Lecture assignments and activities
/ Tests and quizzes
/ Lab evaluations / assignments to include Iinal patient Iilms
/ Written Final Exam


Points may be deducted Ior late assignments. Students absent the day a test is given must take the test the
Iirst day back to school. Students will receive 95 oI their points earned. Students taking a test the
second day back to school will receive 85 oI their points earned. AIter the second day, students cannot
make up a late test and will receive an F` Ior the test grade. All late tests must be scheduled and are not
on a drop in basis.

Students must successfully pass both the lab portion and thelecture portion of Dent 160 to pass the
course.

GRADING SCALE:

94-100 A
87-93 B
86-76 C
72-75 D
0-71 F

SUPPORT SERVICES AVAILABLE:

Library, Writing and Math Centers
Computer Labs
Disability Support Services
Tutoring available iI enrolled in technical programs

EVALUATION STATEMENT:

A. Evaluation will be based upon exams, competencies, written assignments and participation as
determined by the instructor

B. The grading system will be in accordance with the South Puget Sound Community College
Faculty handbook










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DENT 160 INTRODUCTION TO RADIOGRAPHY

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

An introductory course in dental radiography. This course includes instruction in bitewing radiographs,
manual and auto processing, patient and operator saIety, evaluation oI radiographs, principles oI
radiography, exposure oI bitewing radiographs on dexter and patients.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the completion oI the Dent 160 the successIul student will be able to:

A. Demonstrate an understanding oI dental x-rays by;
1. Listing Iacts concerning the history oI radiation to include;
A. Who discovered x-rays and when
B. Uses oI x-rays other than in dentistry
C. Introduction oI x-rays in dentistry
D. Purpose oI dental radiographs
E. The governing organizations Ior radiation saIety and quality
F. The legal ramiIications Ior using radiographs in dentistry
B. List the basic saIety Iactors to consider while taking radiographs in the lab to include:
1. Wearing Iilm badges
2. Clearing the x-ray room oI all persons beIore exposing the radiographs
3. Use oI the x-ray controls
4. Management oI unexposed and exposed dental Iilm
5. Dark room techniques
6. Storage oI Iilms beIore and aIter exposure
7. Record keeping and labeling oI radiographs
C. Correctly operate dexters;
D. Correctly operate the intraoral x-ray machine
E. Correctly expose diagnostic radiographs to include:
1. Listing the teeth and surIaces to be included in a Iull set oI premolar and
molar bitewings;
2. Describing the parallel technique as it applies to taking bitewing
radiographs
3. Demonstrating an understanding oI vertical and horizontal angulation
4. Listing the criteria Ior diagnostic bitewings
5. Demonstrating correct patient positioning when exposing bitewing Iilms
6. Demonstrate the correct PID placement Ior bitewing exposures
F. Demonstrate the correct use oI the manual and auto processors by;
1. Using the correct time, temperatures, and sequence oI solutions
2. Blocking out white light
3. Operating saIe light correctly
4. Keeping contaminants Irom Iilms
5. Observing OSHA regulations
G. Mount a set oI adult / pedo bitewing radiographs with regards to;
1. Embossed dot
2. Midline orientation
3. Line oI occlusion
4. Key teeth and surIaces in appropriate premolar and molar radiographs
H. Evaluate adult / pedo bitewing radiographs as to;
1. Key contacts
2. Line oI occlusion even and equal maxillary/ mandibular exposure
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3. Teeth centered
4. Films mounted correctly
5. Films developed correctly

I List the common technique errors related to bitewing radiographs to include;
1. Overlapping
2. Cone cutting
3. Incorrect line oI occlusion
4. Incorrect placement oI Iilms
5. Incorrect placement oI PID
6. Films exposed backwards
7. Unequal maxillary / mandibular occlusal surIaces
8. Bent Iilms
9. Totally blank Iilms
J. List the components oI intraoral and extraoral Iilm packets / cassettes;
K. Describe how extraoral Iilm is prepared Ior exposure;
L. List the types oI dental Iilms, numbering and uses to include:
1. Pedo
2. Adult regular
3. Narrow anterior
4. Long bitewing
5. Occlusal
6. Extraoral
7. Periapical
8. Bitewing
9. PolysoIt / regular
10. Double Iilm packets
11. Duplicating Iilm
M. List the various speeds oI dental Iilm and advantages / disadvantages;
N. Evaluate Iilms as to their density, contrast and clarity;
O. List the components oI the x-ray machine and the Iunctions oI each to include;
1. Filtration
2. Collimation
3. DiIIerent sized PIDS
4. Anode / cathode
5. TransIormers
6. Electron beam
P. Describe the characteristics oI radiation to include;
1. DeIinition oI matter, molecule, atom
2. Parts oI the atom and their energy Iorces
3. Ionizing radiation and interactions occuring to produce a photon
4. Characteristics oI x-rays and their interaction with matter
Q. Explain control Iactors inIluence on the eIIectiveness oI x-rays to include;
1. kVp
2. mA
3. Impulses
R. Discuss patient saIety to include;
1. Recommended exposure times Ior various bitewings
2. Retakes policy
3. Film speeds
4. InIection control
5. Use oI lead apron and collar
6. kVp and mA settings

The student will perIorm objectives A. through R- 6 with a minimum oI 76 accuracy.

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COURSE CONTENT:

A. Overview oI dental radiography
1. History oI radiography
2. Standardization oI radiation measurements
3. Uses oI x-rays
4. Sources oI radiation: man made / environmental
5. Purpose oI dental radiographs
B. Production oI x-rays in dentistry
1. Parts oI x-ray machine
2. Generation oI photons
3. Control Iactors
4. Exposure determination
5. Types oI x-rays produced
C. Legalities oI the use oI dental radiation
D. X-ray Iilm
1. Components / purpose oI Iilm packets
2. Types oI Iilm
3. Size oI Iilm
4. Speed oI Iilm and coding
5. Care and storage oI Iilm
E. Film placement during the taking oI bitewings
1. Number oI exposures
2. Premolar placement
3. Molar placement
4. PID placement
5. Embossed dot
6. Adult, pedo, vertical bitewing, long bitewing
F. Use oI dexters
G. Operation oI x-ray machine
H. Controls Ior exposures
I. Operator and patient saIety
J. Evaluation oI the diagnostic value oI the radiographs
1. Interproximal areas
2. Occlusal plane
3. Alveolar crest
4. Periodontium
K. Evaluation oI correct technique, processing and mounting oI radiographs
1. Horizontal and vertical angulations
2. Mounted correctly Iollowing universal charting system
3. Clarity
4. Position oI teeth
5. Technique errors
L. Exposing x-ray Iilms
1. SaIety Iactors
2. Preparation oI patient
1. Mentally
2. Physically
3. Correct Iilm and PID placement
M. Processing oI x-ray Iilm
1. Manual processing
2. Auto-processing
3. Use oI dark room
4. Drying, mounting, labeling radiographs
N. InIection control
1. Operator / patient protection
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2. Use oI barriers
3. Management oI contaminated Iilm during exposure and processing
4. DisinIectant oI equipment
5. Use oI PPE`s

COLLEGE WIDE ABILITIES

A. Think logically and critically
B. Evaluate and process quantitative and symbolic data