diffusion: net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are

less concentrated equilibrium: point at which the number of diffusing molecules moving in one direction is equal to the number moving in the opposite direction selectively permeable membrane: membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether passive transport: diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell facilitated diffusion: pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane active transport: movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell hypertonic: having a higher concentration of solute than another solution hypotonic: having a lower concentration of solute than another solution isotonic: having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution Materials such as water, nutrients, dissolved gases, ions, and wastes must constantly move in two-way traffic across a cell's plasma membrane. oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse freely through the plasma membrane . Water also diffuses through the membrane, but mostly through protein channels. Other molecules pass less easily or only under specific conditions. Both diffusion and facilitated diffusion are forms of passive transport, as neither process requires the cell to expend energy. In facilitated diffusion, solute particles pass through a channel in a transport protein. known as facilitated diffusion, transport proteins provide a pathway for certain molecules to pass. Specific proteins allow the passive transport of different substances.