,

,

(.. , ,
, , ...)

( , , ...)
.

(min max)

3
3
,

3

3

(1)

: :
x1 : 1 . .
x2 : 2 . .
. 1 1: 2x1
. 1 2: 3x2
. 1:
: 2 x 8 x 5 = 80
:
. . . . 2:
. 3:
:
:

2x1 + 3x2 80
4x1 + 2x2 80
6x1
80
x2 25
4000x1 + 3000x2

max

(2)

:
9 :

9 :
,
9 :

.

.

9 :
.

9 :

.
1
2

(3)

9 :



( )
9 :

( o
)
x1, x2
9 :

9 :



9 ..: ,

,

.
max {}

x1, x2, , xn ( )
:
maxZ = c1x1 + c2x2 + + cnxn

min
:
a11x1 + a12x2 + + a1nxn (=)b1
a21x1 + a22x2 + + a2nxn (=)b2
am1x1 + am2x2 + +amnxn (=)bm
x1, x2, ,xn0.

** m
n

j = 1, 2, , n:

i = 1, 2, , m:
aij

.
i
j

xj

( )

cj

j.
1
j
cj.

bi

.
i
n

a11 a12 . . . a1n

a

21 a22 . . . a2 n

am1 am 2 . . . amn

x1
b1
x
b
2
2

=



xn
bm

Z = [C1 C2 . . . . Cn]
max min

).

, ,
. (
1 ai1x1 I, 2
ai2x2 ai1x1 + ai1x2.

.

.. ( aij,
bi, cj) .


:
DEWAG
DEWAG

:
DW 501
DW 502
DW 501 4
:

1: ()
2:
3: DW 501
4: DW 502

,

, :

DW501

DW502

1.

5.000

7.000

2.

6.666

3.334

3. DW501

4.500

4. DW502

3.000



1 ( )
5000 DW501 , 7000
DW502
.
:
* DW501: 5000
. 1: 100% ( 1)
* DW501: 1500
. 1:

1500
= 0,30 (30%)
5000

70%
. 1
DW502
:
0,70x7000=4200 DW502
, :
(. . 1 DW501) + (. . 1 DW502) 1
:

x1
x
+ 2 1
5000 7000

x1
x
+ 2 =1
5000 7000

1, .

>1,
.

x2
7000

x1
x
+ 2 >1
5000 7000
(
)

6000
5000
4000

x1
x
+ 2 >1
5000 7000

3000
2000

x1
x
+ 2 <1
5000 7000

1000

1000 2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

x1


DEWAG:
(1)
:
. DW501
. DW502
( ): .
.
. . DW501

*
. DW501

*
. DW502

. . DW502
1
= 0,02 %
5000
1
= 0,015 %
6666
1
= 0,0222 %
4500

. . . 1

1
= 0,0143 %
7000
1
= 0,03 %
3334
1
= 0,0333 %
3000

. . . 1

. . . 2
. . . 3

. . . 2
. . . 4

DW501

DW502

1.

0,0200

0,0143

2.

0,0150

0,0300

3. DW501

0,0222

4. DW502

0,0333


DEWAG:
(2)
:

* 1: x1
. .:
(a11x1, a21x1,a31x1, a41x1)
* 2: x2
. .:
(a12x2, a22x2, a32x2, a42x2)
* : 100%

:
0,0200x1 + 0,0143x2 100
0,0150x1 + 0,0300x2 100
100

0,0222x1

0,0333x2 100

. 1: 9000x1
. 2: 7500x2
:
:

9000x1 + 7500x2

maxZ


DEWAG:
(3)

, 1

, 5000
DW501 7000
DW502
.

:
DW501: $9.000
DW502: $7.500

, .

.


DEWAG:

= (x1, x2) x1, x2 0

:
0,0200x1 + 0,0143x2 100
0,0150x1 + 0,0300x2 100
100

0,0222x1 +

0,0333x2 100
:
9000x1 + 7500x2 = maxZ

*

Z.


DEWAG: (1)
(I)
(II)
(III)

x1
5000
x1
6666
x1
4500

x 2
7000
x 2
+
3334
+

1
1

x 2
3000

(IV)

x2

7000
(III)

(I)

6000
5000
4000
3000

(IV)

2000
C
1000

1000 2000

(II)

E
3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

x1


DEWAG: (2)
:
OABCDE
:

x1 x2
. :

OABCDE.

: x1 = 4500
D:

x1:
x2:

x2 = 0

:
D

x2

(I)

(III)

(IV)

(II)

x1
9


DEWAG: (3)
D:

x1 = 4500

x2 = 666

CD:
CD . 1 (1=1)

7000

= 1 9000 +
7500 = 1500$
x
5000
1 1 =1

: C.
To C D.
C:

x1 = 4074

x2 = 1296

BC:
BC . 2 (2=1)

3334

= 1 9000 +
7500 = -5250$
x
6666
1 2 =1

: .
C.

x2

(I)

x1 = 4074 DW501
x2 = 1296 DW502

Z max = 9000 4074 + 1296 7500 = 43.386.000

(III)

:
(IV)

1=100%
2=100%
3= 89%
4= 40%

(II)

x1
10



x
2

1.
Z

x1
x2

2.

x1
x2
Z

3.

x1
x2

4.

x1

11

( optimum )

,

;


(1)

,
;


(2)

a11x1+a12x2+a13x3+ .. +a1nxn b1
a21x1+a22x2+a23x3+ .. +a2nxn b2

am1x1+am2x2+am3x3+ .. +amnxn bm
opt = C1X1+C2X2+C3X3 .. +CnXn

*** :


.


(1)

2
.
3 , :
(-)

1
()

2
()

3
()

2 25
, 1
.
1 2 4000 .
3000 . .

.


(2)

21 + 32 80
41 + 22 80
80

61

2 25
max = 4000x1 + 3000x2

2
4

max = [ 4000

3
2 X
0 X

1
2

80
80

80

25

x1
3000 ]
x2


(3)

:
()

21 + 32 80

() 41 + 22 80
() 61

80
2 25

(IV)

1, 2 0
x2
40

(II)

30
(IV)
B
A
20

x = 10

Optimum: x1 = 20

C
D

10

Zmax=100.000 .

Z
(I)
E

10

20

30

40

x1

(III)


(4)
x2
C1

40
(II)
30
(IV)
A B

20

C
D

10
(I)

10

20

30

40

x1

(III)

II<Z<I

C ( (I) (II))

C1
2
2<
< 2000 < C1 < 6000
3000
3
** C1
( 1)
2000 6000 .
.


(5)
x2
()
(II)
C

(IV)

A B

C
C
D

(I)
E

x1

0
(III)

* C ( () ())
C (9.75 , 20.5)
= 4000 9.75 + 3000 20.5 = 100.500 .
= 100.000 .
= - = 500 .

. 1 .
2 =2x500 .
1 . = 500 .
( )


(6)

x2

(II)

(IV)
A B

C
D
D

(I)
E

x1

(III)
9 ()
1 ;
9 C =0
9 1 0.
9 :
0


(7)

I 1
;
()

2x1 + 3x2 81

( )



IV
.

10

Thevenin-Norton

Xn

11

a12

a1n

b1

21

a22

a2n

b2

am1

am2

amn

bm

c1

c2

X2

X1

minU = b11 + b22 + + bmm

cn

maxZ = c1X1 + c2X2 + + cnXn

i :
-i-

( )

(Shadow price)

0 =0


, .:
min U = max Z


(1)

:
.

.
: 1 1 .
2 1 .
3 1 .
4 1 . V
1 :
2 .
4 .
6 .
0 . V
1 1 :
21+42+63+04

1 1.

4000 . :
21+42+63+04 4000


(2)

2 :
31+22+03+14 3000
:
80 .
80 .
80 .
25 . V
()
:
801+802+803+254

, .:
min Zu= 801+802+803+254
..:
min Zu=801+802+803+254
21+42+63
4000
31+22+
+4 3000


(3)

21+32 80
41+22 80
80
61
2 25
max Z=4000X1+3000X2

21+42+63
4000
+4 3000
31+22
min U=801+802+803+254

1.

2. Xj

3.

4.

. . .

5. . .

6. max Z

min U

DEWAG: (1)

:
. DW501: x1

15

. DW502: x2
:
DW501

9000

DW502

7500

- :
:
()

()

()

. DW-501

(V)

. DW-502

maxZ = 9000x1 + 7500x2

:
()

0,0200x1 + 0,0143x2 100

(II)

0,0150x1 + 0,0300x2 100

(III)

0,0222x1 +

(IV)

100
0,0333x2 100

DEWAG: (2)

(I) 0,02 x 1 + 0,0143 x 2 100

7000

(II) 0,015 x 1 + 0,03 x 2 100

()
(II)

(III) 0,0222x 1
B

3000
A

J
F

(V)

(IV)

100

0,0333x 2 100

K
D

()

4000 5000

: z =

c1
9000
=
= 1,2
c2
7000

0,02
= 1,4
0,0143
0,015
II =
= 0,5
0,03
III =
IV = 0

I =

C (I II) : x1 = 4073
x2 = 1297

maxZ = 46.384.500

DEWAG: (3)

. () 1%
()

0,02x1 + 0,0143x2 101

x1=4151

(II)

0,015x1 + 0,03 x2 100

x2=1258

(: C)
maxZ = 46.794.000$

1% () 409.500$
()
(SHADOW PRICE)
:
1%
()

. ()
SHADOW PRICE . ()
, . :
= ( II) = x1 = 4546
x2 = 1060

max ()
()

(I) 0,02x1 + 0,0143x2 = 106,078

(II)

: .
6,078%

(V)

B
A
K

C
0

D
E

()

DEWAG: (4)

. (I) 1%
()

0,02x1 + 0,0143x2 = 100

x1=4036

(II)

0,015x1 + 0,03 x2 = 101

x2=1349

( C)
maxZ = 46.441.500$

:
{
1% . ()}
57.000

. ()
SHADOW PRICE . ()
() F:
F = ( V) = x1 = 2834
x2 = 3030
(II) 0,015x1 + 0,03x2 = 133,41
()
m

ax

( I

(II)

F
A

(I)

:

33,41%

(V)
C
D

DEWAG: (5)

. (II) 1%
()

.
()

:
. = 0

(II)

(V)
C
D
E

(I)

. (V) 1%
(IV)

:
. IV = 0

:


0.

. () 10% ()
600.000$
. () = 57.000
10% = 570.000

= 600.000

10

DEWAG: (6)

DW-503
:
7000 $
:
. () : 1/ 6000
. () : 1/ 5000
. () : 1/9000

10

. (V) : ---

..

max Z = 9000 x 1 + 7500 x 2 + 7000 x 3

0,02 x 1 + 0,0143 x 2 + 0,0167 x 3 100
0,015 x 1 + 0,03 x 2 + 0,02 x 3 100
0,0222 x 1 +
0,0111x 3 100
0,0333 x 2
100
11 1 DW-503 :
0,0167% . , 409.500 = 6838,65
0,02% . I, 57.000 = 1140,00
0,0111% . II,

0 =0

0% . V,

0 =0

7.978,65

.

7978,65

11

DEWAG: (7)

12

min Z = 100 1 + 100 2 + 100 3 + 100 4

0,02 1 + 0,015 2 + 0,0222 3
9000
0,02 1 + 0,015 2 +
0,0222 4 7500

i => ( ) 1
i.
13

(), (V) => 3,4 = 0

(), () => 1,2 0
:
0,0200 1 + 0,015 2 = 9000 1 = 408.500

0,0143 1 + 0,03 2 = 7500 2 = 55.253

Shadow Prices
(), (II)

12