Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2002
第 39 卷第 4 期 Journal of Northwest Normal University ( Social Sciences) Vol139 No14
唐五代童子科与儿童教育
金滢坤
( 浙江大学 人文学院 , 浙江 杭州 310028)
[ 摘 要 ] 唐五代童子科与汉魏南北朝时期的 “童子郎”、
“童子奉车郎”、“童子”等名号有着直接的渊源关系 。唐代
童子科是唐科举制度下的一个小科目 , 其面向的对象为十二岁以下的儿童 。童子由诸道荐举或乡贡 , 礼部主持考试 ,
有时皇帝亦亲自召见 、策问 。童子登第者一般都授官 , 由于其年纪尚轻 , 一般都会参加制举或吏部科目选 , 以加快晋
升速度 。五代童子科基本上沿袭了唐朝旧制 , 但在童子年龄 、荐送和乡贡 、考试内容及入仕等方面都作了一定的调
整 。唐五代童子科举的产生和发展与唐朝历代皇帝 、大臣重视儿童教育紧密相关 。唐五代社会教育体制的变迁与完
善 , 为儿童教育提供了良好的教育环境 。
[ 关键词 ] 唐五代 ; 童子科 ; 儿童教育
[ 中图分类号 ] K242 ; G61 [ 文献标识码 ] A [ 文章编号 ] 100129162 (2002) 0320039208
[ 收稿日期 ] 2002203201
[ 作者简介 ] 金滢坤 (1972 —) , 男 , 甘肃白银人 , 浙江大学博士后 , 从事科举制度 、敦煌学研究
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The Childrenπs Section of the Imperical Examination and
Childrenπs Education in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties
J IN Ying2kun
( College of Literature , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , 310028 , PRC)
[ Abstract] The childrenπs section of imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty was related in its sources with those
offices in charge of examination in the Han , the Wei and the Northwern and Southern Dynasties. The Tang childrenπs
section , a branch under the imperial examination system , was set up to grade young candidates aged 12 or under. As a
rule , those who passed the imperial examination , especially the palace examination , would be conferred an official
position , but because they were still young they had to sit for speedy promotion. The Five Dynasties basically followed
the Tang Dynasty in their practising the imperial examination system , only making some adjustment in respects of age
limit , recommendation , choice of candidates at the town level , items in test paper , the way to become an official ,
etc. The childrenπs section of the imperial examination rose and developed by leaps and bounds in the Tang and the Five
Dynasties , because successive emperors , ministers throughout the dynasties attached great importance to putting the
system into effect . The change and perfection of the social educational system in those dynasties furnished a good
educational environment for childrenπs learning.
[ Key words] the Tang and the Five Dynasties ; childrenπs section ; childrenπs education
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