'l.:lo ,.

9\fm
"lt~f;{c~~O{ '€ ~~~O{t~ ~c~ ~t~~~ ~O{ ~~!1f ~ i!t~

ll11l f~·(O{ 5cit9ftlfJtc~~ ~~~ C~~ I ~PPlt~~~ 9f~<t't~ ~~'1 ~

f~/9~t1 ~~ ~PlC~~t~"1SfI~ "ltfuf;{c~~~ '5lt'l~ '€ ~~t~ ~~'l ~
"fti% f;{c~~cO{Q -e <ft~aottrn"lQ~~~C'l~ \!l~fU'a;j~ '5l\1Jt~QD-I1~
f~~~'l '1ft~liSf"1-e ~t~fQ ~~' ~ '<1~tf;{<t' ~~~~~ ~ ~ •
~~.tr~ ~C6l~ ~~C~O{ f<lS~ ~:c~ ~~Q '~rfr ~ COIf;{~'-~
'5ltca,t5Olt~ \!l~ ~~"1~ ~~~~~ <11~~t~'l~tc~Q f<lc"t~ 9fftl~ ~~ I
~C~ mc~O{. ~~~ ~~ ~tr;~ 15l~~nT iff'l' I{l~ ~f'(3i '5l~~ • 9f~if"t <I~-~l,{ ~'S, lt~ ~~J1

'Caojf~~ 5ft11iC<t''ltlf ~~j ~"t ~~~C<lS l.q(j ~~ 011'; \!lC'll'C~'~~/il~\ '~Ji,~~lt~

~aot~ 9(taotU'jClf~C~ I '5lt'laot "~i, ~"t ~~'lC<t' <ftlf ~C~ fficO\~ s~
llt~ 0{11 f~ caotfolO\c<lS
l.q1C~~aot 'l~ '!ltc~ ~ ~t1i'l<1tlf C<1t~t~ f;{\!i~~
A~~1~ ~<1" 9fC~ ~CO{~~ OIlC~ \!l~ '5lf~ 'l~0{ '<lS~ ~C~€ ~~ ~

~t ~ O\t~ ~tcaott, f<lS~ ~t~~i Caojf;{~c" ~t9: Jtf~~tPl~ 9fU'~fil c~c~ ~5~ • ~~ ~ ~'CQ <lCa,~Co{OI,~-C'l9: ~ c~cO{1 \5{-~<f,~l,{ \5{{011~~
\!lCo:{~~'1~Q9ftc"t_~t'li~~~. ~'<f ~q:~ij>tlft~ f~ ~~tiSfOl ~O{ 7 ~ -.ct ~C~ ~-e'lltQ ~COI ~lJ.. "~"1" COIt"llm ( philistine-c'ifQ ) C'lt~t C'if'€~1I
~~0{1OIl<Hca; f~~t~19iIQ ~~~ 'l~C~ ,A~/aot'lt1 llC~g f;{:'l~"t'll ~C\! 9ftc~ ~ ~"\C'lQ "I~~ 9fQ ~tQ 'l'«~ fat~~. ~Cl,{ \!l~ ~~ "l~ ~c~ I ~tQ
'5lnT ~~ ~ilOlt~ ~QC~ ~ ~t~ca, ~tif 'S COIfo1co:{Q
~0{0{1 OIt :m ~ _ ~"1~~ ~ ~l,{ 0{1I - flPr~Jta, ~~~Q -~~~ f'lC<!f~ 'fi'cQ ~
"lt1i'lmlfQ ~~o:{t~ '5lcO{~C'lM '<1~tR~ ~~~~Q 9ffilm~ c~tc~ OIt7 A~ M~~ ~~ 'fiC~C~Ol, fat'ftma" ~'t~t~~ '€ ~~"lJtf.pj; ~~ ~1'
Cll-Jt~~Pl<t' ~~~Q '5l~ ~~ ,foI"l/a, ~Q ~m "lf~c~ 9ft!. ~~ "5\tf-§ ~rn~I wtf1!~Jtaot 'l0l~~0I f.l~ f.I~R, C'"I1~0I, C'lC~Ca<j
~t~~ '5l~Jtg '5lt"lt~1f ~~t~ clf~t llt~ ~t'e> ~~c~~ lfC~~ 'm'ttt'S € '(j ~Ol" ~ 9(C~~o{ I ~C3\Q <!i'"l<1«"ltOl'l~~U', ~~ \!iTtf-~~ '{3 ~~~Q

. '5l~'1~' ~<1C~ I ~/"lto{ 'l~~Jt~ 'f~~~~ 9f~~t'~ ~Rt~M~ .1{t'(J' ~\iI m<l~/OI, C'l-r.»tM-l; ~~C.,t501nT \!)~ ~"l~ -e ~<1Jt~ l!t~~ ~t-
~~ f.I:'lC~~~ C'l~1 I \5<1C~t1:l'lt~ ~t c~tQtcO!1, ~t~ "lCO{t~t~ ~ ~ ~"ttaj "!f'(3i-e 'l~~~,, \!l 'l~ \5{<1~1
~'CQ wtf1!~Jtaot \101~0I
, C~~~ CllOl\!l~1
<ttQ ~~ Jtf\!i~tPl'l' I '5l'lJt9f<t' ~c~'S '5l{o11f\!iQ'5l'lJt9f<tlClf~
'5l~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "5\t~i1~ \5{~~~ ~ ~~a, I ~Q \5{t~~ f~~~~ ~il;~a, OIM
~t\!i~~~t<ftlf ~f.l ~~ ~c~'5lt$;lfQ '5l{'~~~ ~~~fatc" ~OI ~'~ ~ ~ ~ \!l~U't ~ lff.l~ ~\!) ~C~~, C'lU't Cl{ '\'5tc~ f.lciSfm~ ~,
(if~tQ -1§ ~~~. ~t~ ~<1~ f~f.l fWlc~ I "~\r~~ C~ 'l'1.9 '~~' ~ ~/'ll'~~~ <ftlf fWl Cl{~~C3\Q \5{tlJ..f.l"ll
~~"ll \5{w!~ C<1tqtt ~n
C~~ ~\!i"1~ '5l{;{I~ <5ltcO{tp;O9ft-eij ~O{ (if~ c~~tm I f.l;~ 9f.t-t ill, tt~~ 'l"lJ~ <u<Wl <ml~ Cl{ ~ mtQ 9f'4 \5{f~ ~QC\!) ~,
~Q-e ~t'ttc\SC~ ~~"l ~~ OIj 9ft~1 '5l~m~ ~1fJ I" ~ ~ JWl~t" ~~~ClfQ ~~C~ 'f~ ~"t 'ffi~ 9(~~ .,1 I
"l'!> \!l<ffR<t' '5l'lJt9f<f'€ Caoj~~ <5lt~clf~ ~~ ~m c~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~'t ~~ ~ ~~ f.l:'l~ ~U' 5ilC~ ~ 0{1\!lU't clf~M '!;fCi}]

'e(j1{lw~ \!iTt"!11 ~ ~~"ll ~~ ~~ f~~ll'\ ~~C~OI I \!l~ 'l~~ Mlf I \!l"ll ~ lltc<f
~,~ I!{(;ft~ <IO{1~. m~-general crisis of capitalism \5{~~
~ ~~ 'l~~U' IC"llffi ~~ ~ ~1:l,{C~ chronic unemployment
~tr C<1m ~I' ~ ~~ ~ Cl{~~~, ~
, ~ ~ ~ ~'\ C'if~ ~, \!l ~ ~~ Caoj~ ~ ~m'
~ I ~~~ ~${ ~~, \!l~ general crisis ~ ~~ ~
~ '=!lCi}] ~ ~~ R-em ~-OI I ~ ~~ 'l~~
~ C9Jl-~:~f.l~ ~~ (short-period cyclica.l fluctua.tions)
~ ~~ "'''ll~ \5{~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~1:"l1 ~~,,~ 'lWl C~~'l(,~~
 '<f "lJj)1I ,..l(il ,~\)

General Theory ~~fil\!l ~~'lt"l I5{t"C~~~ fq~l,f ;j~ f~ ~ I ~'I c~ ~~ '1tlfo{<'\I'i!~~~, l5{(t~ ~Q,(tf9fl ~1 real wages
'lltQ/1'<l~o{ ~<f~ '<'\I~'l. foI"C'Gi~
)Ol~o 'ltCiif ~<ftfit\!l ~t"l Trea.tise a~~~foI~"CO{"I
~~ ~ ~~<f ~~h @~ ,'llt"C~~ f.r;§~ ~~ O{'jI ~\g

~C~ ~~ f~ 'l~t~t~~ l5{tr;iiftSOl1

<fC~~"C"Io{
I f<'\l~Genera.l "fit 'l~ <'\I~~~ RC\!l ~t~ ~, \!ltt\!l <'\I'C~~fol;{'1Cijj"l 1ft1l~ <'\I1fC~,
'<f~ ~Q\~ 'l~~$C<f~ ~lfto{ ~to{ ful.l~o{ I C<f~"t'l. 'll{~ -e ~<ti11l~9f11l1lto{
~1~C~O{'jI
Pl~c:t <f'~ Cl{f~ '9f1c~Cl)0{,<1lC~'l. ~~ '1$t"t <f~'l~ ~~ 0 ~ ~ ~~9ft1fO{
~~, <'\I\!l"C"lt<fC<tl
<'\ltCi9i
iiftmtO{1~C<f-l!l~1 ~ <'\I~t~ 'l19 15{~
<fro~iifo{ I Condition of the Working-class in England ~C"(~ ~ I C~~ @~9ftIfO{t<l'
~~~'5t ~~'& <'\1m~\!l 9ftt~-(~) @~t~J '1'tJ
<!l~'l. ~~"C"I0{, lfoI'53l C<'\It~O{ <!l~ 15{<f~tl.!fi;c<f Q\t<fiC\!)~ consuIIlption goods) '€ (~) @'1<'\l~'t'1'tJ (production goods) I @~9ftif0{
~ <!l~C\!l~, o{l.I~ ~ I ~l)C\!l ~iif ~. \!ii"ift'f\!l~;rt~ l)~ I.fl~ tft'IJ~ Pliirl.l~-e~ 5t~ I .C'fO{0l1li..O{t~"Ii9i~~ C\!l1~\!lt~<f @~9ftif0{,'1'tJC<'\I
~m~ ~ I.fl~o{15{~ ~~ ~~ ( ~170l~ mgy ) I I.fl~t~~. '" (IIlOney) ~9f1~111~ ~ 'U{ I
O{'j'1l1lCiif @~9f11fO{ WlPl<fiJtiif~o{~~o{
Achilles' heel I I.flC~'l. ~mrqt9t <'\IC~f~iifo{: "Should prosperity fm 'l~~tc<f (market problem) 'l"1.cf @~C~ fm~gy I WlPl<frtQ'f
entirely non-existent then chronic stagnation with bu' ¢'~cO\~ 1%fu Say's Law-<!l~ @'1~ I Say's Law ~c~-Supply creates
fluctuations must become the norma.l state of modern industry" ill own demand l5{{t~ fui;~'l1l~1 ~ c<ftr;0{1f<f~ CO{~,'1'tJ @~'1:t ~CQ'f~
/
Poverty of Philosophy ~ I.flC~~'l.-~f~ ~~<fi11 Wif\; ~~, ~~9fiifC~ ~ClfJ~ R~-"t~ f.{~\!l mc~ I ~~9ftifO{-"tf'&'6 9ft'tJ~
~ Ol~~ ~ '<'\I~'l. for!{~N\!l 'Pt~t~ C~T~CQ'fo{
: '!fro'! N~'1~, :JjC5f'l~ \!ii~ ~~\!lt-e N~'1 C<fti¥m~ I Say's La.w
"Indeed it (the economic system) seems cap.a.ble of ~ ~ ~ ~~Q'f 'l'lltCi9i~ @~9f1ifO{-"t~ -e \!t~C<f ~{~tc~ foI~ 'f~t"l 9fCQ\

in a chronic condition of sub~normal activity for a consid ~ ~t~ Q\tr;<'\I0{1; ~ f~ <lt~ ~ I C<f~ ~\g ~foIl.IcO{~ "1~tfi{ 15{Q\~1

period without any marked tendency either towards recov ~~~ ~~f~l.I\!l1 !
towards complete collapse." '''~"!,'t ~'llt'l <'\I~t~ Cl)~1 ~gyO{ Say's Law ~Q'fI ~~ W'&~ <'\It~~t~

'lf~ ~ttwi,~~"t "t\!l~~ 'l~r;r!t~ ~titl.l1-~O{c~~tfolc<f"l '~M<f'-e ~ \!l~ ~<f~: @~9f1lfO{~ti¥C"l employment l5{{t~ <'\1m 'l~~J1 <lt~c~ I!l~~

Pl~ I!lC~~'l. '1$t"t ~~ ~K~" 'f'C"I ~C~~CiifO{ I!l<l~ ~~~W~· I.fll ~" .<ftc~~ 'l~tr;iSlQ c~t~ ~ <rrq;t~ I ~tl.I ~~Ciif @9fC~t'fJ 9fC'tJ~ l)t~if1

C1fN~f~O{ I ~<{ ; f.•~ ell ~~9ftC\!l 15{tl.!~ C~ ~9f1C\!) @'1C~'i ,<lKi¥ 0{1,I!l~ 'f~ ~Ci¥ I

C<f~"\'l.lfoI~ I!l~ ~"I~tfr 'l~'1'C~ C1ftQ'ft~~ Q\t<f~ ~t<lOlt~ Cl{ ~) 'f{I~~ .~~~ ~\!) ~~ I 'l~~ ~{~ ~C~ @'1C~t'fJ '1'tJ 0{1 '<fO{1I
•
~~C~O{ flPl'fJM ~~'f ~~o{ 'f~t~ 9fC~ ''l1i''e'~1 ~<l~ ~t~ -e ~~~ <ti~~ ~~~J1 ~tcO{t"l 'Gi~ ~frf ~~ ~9ft~'5tJ '1'tJ~ ~~ ~ \!lt~Ciif'l1{~

~~~ I ,<f@ Cl{Rc~~~~~ R~~ '~ffi Q\t<ft\!lm~wtPf<fJ~ ~ 'I'1J ~#r\!l ~C~ 0{1I ~9fC~~J '1c'tJ~ '1~~ cm @9fC~t~J9ft'tJ~ stm1

'l"1.cf l5{~ffl ~~Q'f I 15{<r.JJ

~K0{1 c~ fits! ~ 'fC~~'lltm ~ ~~~t~ ~'t <U<lm'1r:lf~ CQ'ft<'\l'ffO{
~t~ I ~C'1 <tt<fr @9fC~'iJ '1'tJ~~ @~9f:l
• ~ 011.<'\I~~ ~t~t~ ~1 ~C~, ~1~ I5{tl.l<R~ lltC<l, 'l$~ ~C~ Q\t<'\l~
@~9ft1fO{
~ O{'j,C<ftCO{1
~~ ~R5 ~C~ I!l~ 15{~ ~ ~R5 ~.
1.fl-<'\It'Gi
~ '€-~ '~\!l mI I!l~ 'l<l <'\I~c'1~~ ~'R50{~'i ~ ~ ~ OI~~~ Q\t~ ~\!l~'t 0{1~ @9fC~'fJ 9ft'1R ~ '€ st~1f1 'l~ ~~ I
~Ci9i full employment ~ ~~ l5{<fm 'l-,9 R~~'t ~
f~ ~ C<lffl ~<'\IC\!l9ftt~ 0{11!l~0{
;p,[ I f'f~ I!l~ ~~ ~'11 ~ , ~Qf
I.fl~C<lffl <ft'l Q\t~ 'l~1 ~'4t~ 0{1~ m 'Gi~ ~'1 ~ ~ ~ 9ftt~ 7 1!l<'\l~1@9fhl 15{tr;~I ~ ~~ full employment fu'i!

I C~\!l ~ I ffll.fl ~ m '~'~m ~ "lR<'\I.\!lt~cgy ~ ~ ~ ~o 0 C<'\I$ 1;t<'\l1 ~ ~ ~ ~ I!l<l~I.fl~ 15{t~ ~ m$

~~ \!l'RI:~O{:~\!l;p,[ I.fl<l~
I!l~ ~~~C\!l ~ <'\1m Cl)l:~0 M~j~~I(.~ ~s ~1 ~~ @~'fJ?t'tJ '<fm ~ I ~<'\I') f~t C<ft$ ~t'1'1 lfN •

~ I I!l~ ~~0l1 'W~'f Algebra '€ Differential Calc '1 ~~ @~9ftlftO{ foI''e' ~~, @9fC~t'fJ 9ft'tnf l)t~lf1 '€ @'1~'1 9fC'tJ~

0{t-m!i'1~ lRli..~ ~ 'f'~ wrtPf'fM ~o{~ I.flt~~ "~'1" ",'et , \!l~ ~ f1l"C"l~<l: ~ 0 0 c<f1$ ~<'\l1 I I.fl~ l5{<lm full employment

~<f st<'\lfil ~ I!l~ '~\g ~@f;p,[0{~<'\I<'\I~ Clf~. ~~ @~ ~~ ~~ ~~ I @'1C~~J 9fC'tnf st~1f1 '€ @'1~'t 9ft'tJ~ ~lf1, I!l~

~m~I!l-Wfc~ mc~ ~ ~, I!l ~ fol~~ ~ '€ ~ I ~'t ~CQf I5{tllm 9ft~ 'f~ c'llt~ st~1 ~qfi~effective demand I
t @~ ~~O{~~ folc~ lfmfil '1'C~'i!~0{ ~~ i5~9(1( ~lf1 ~ ~C~ \!lt~~ @~ fol~"I ~<l @~'1t1ft0{~9f~~'t '6 <'\I-s?l~
'l~~J1 I
 J
~~t~ full employment-tll '9f)fil:t"~'*<1\ ~9f<!'~'19ft"'1J~ Dtf~ ~~ ~~, ~~~ c~t~ ~t~c~, ~t~. ~fol tll<!' ~taf1 ~ C~O{ 0\1 ~
~ ~<!'~ .Cll~9ft"i5t* 9ft"'1nl Dffl.lf1 ~ ~9f<!'~'19fc'IJ~ st~lf1, ~ ~ <ftm"'f~ \lllW ~ ~1 i5tc~~ ~~~ NCajO{,tllSi ~1t'l?;~~J ,,~ OI~I
employment ~ '1~ ~~ I ~9ft"~t1fJ 9ft"'1H'1Dtf~l. '!fhl tll~~ C'iitc~~ ::f{r;~
.~t<1\t"<!'~
c~tc~~ '1"# ~C~~, ~~~ @9ft"~t~J9fc'IJ~ stmr~
.~ ~~ f.l~ <!'~ I ~9f<!'~'19ft"~ Dt~lf1 ~~ ,,~ ,,~ ~~ r ~~'1 9fC'IJ~Dtf~t~ . ::f{"9(~~t"~Cfil:
I ~~~t~ ~9fN;t~-"tf~ "~aj ~9f"'f~'1
~ ~ "tftMt ~61~ "c~~O{ : (~) ~Clf~ ffi \.!l~~ (~) ~R~~~ tIt'IJ1 @~9ftiR "'f~~ «~~C« 0{1I •
~R~~"ltc~ "!{t"l1 ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~C"I ~~ ffi 0{1 ~~'G ~9f~ ~~~ ljO\~ ~9fCi5t~-"t~~ f~f\Sc~ Cll<tiJtf9t~Jtaj~(t ~~ 0{1, ~"t 1.~~
@~9\1lfo{
~~ tll~~ ~ ffi <ti~C"I~~~~ ajtc~ '!ifM10{1 ~f':l;C<1\~
~9f<!'~'1 'Ift1 ~ ,~, C<t'~c~ ,tll~ ::f{~1 tll"'f~1~:":{c~~ ~c~l f<l~~<!'1 ~~
"S{CO{ "'fC~C~I
~~9ftlfo{ ~~ I ~ ffi f.l~ <t'C~ ~~ (money) m~'tl ~ ~'t 9fc'IJ~ Dt~lft~ ~ ~~~ ~tc~ ~9f"'~tm 9Ir;'IJ~ ~~/~O{ Dtf~l ~1
liquidity preference-tll~ ~9f~ ~~~ itt~l '1~~ <ti~t"fil:0{
<:5t~l f<!' 9\Wn'l effective demand tll~~f"~l ~c~ ~R"§J~ajtc'5~ \5lt"t1I f"'f~ ~R~~ "lt~~1
cash form -tll ~t~t"~ Dto{~t~ ~9f~ I f.l~ ~ \5l~~ ~9fCi5tm "lC~~ ~m<:,~lft~ ~9f~' ~9f"'f~'1 9fc~J~ ~~9ft1f0\~1
~N tll"s{O{
tll<!'~l'1"S{t~~t<t'C~ ''1mO{ ~9fci5tm 9f'lJ ~~9ItlfO{<!"~ C~ ~ ~cf ~ I ~,~ tll~ ~{<tiC~C<1\o{, ~~~O{ ~ I wt~J ~R~~ R\!li~ <rt~c~
~C\!j1C'l~ ~tc~~ ~~~ 'G~ 9f'tJ c~ <U~ ~~1 ~~C<1\ full employm ~~ ~"1~ tll~ ~~ ::f{'1.9~~ I C"'f~"t~fO\C~'8~CajC~OI,
Capital is not a sel£-
c9fT~<rt~c<!'tcO{1
~t~ ~<!'Nl 0{1I tll~ ~<ti"S{
high qonsumption economy subsistent entity \5l~t~ <t'Jtf~t<1\ ":{~~~ ~ O{~I f~~.\5lf.l~~~ lfO\~C(jj"
~1f ~aj ~~ '''~Offt~lf~ ~c~ ~~" ~c~ CSffi1 \5lt<1\tii1
I tllmO{\51 ~f9\SJt<1\~(t<;l;~l:lJ Cl{~~t\lll<ti~l C\f~C~ ~ \!j~ ~Jt~Jl "'f~C~ f'fr;~ ,~~~ ~~tO\~

,
C~ 'O{~I ~~~ ~~f.l" '1~~'G @9ft"i5tc~ ~~ftK<ti <fI "tfs;c<!' ~~c~
.•
em C'tIi\~tC<1\
9f~~0{ I f\!jf.l tll~ ~ <ti~0{'8 rentier ~~~ ~m ~9t~"'f 'lft~
ment <rt~cO{1c~~ 9ftc~ tll«~ C'l CSgt-e ,,~r;~ ~~ I f<li~ '1r;~ 'l7:~ ~9f~'t ~O\, <!'~'8 ~~'ltitc~ 'e ~tc~~ ~f~:'::f{~~~ 'e ~'ltf~tO{tc<\5 Clft~ "C~~O{,
~~9ftifO{r;<ti~
~t~~ ~ ~~ <ti'C~ full employment ~1nl~ ~~ ~'iI ~~ '!If~~~ Pl~~ ~~ ~PlC~ ~1~. ~t~t\!jt~ Cif0\1 C"IN ,,~, ~~9ftlf0{-~~
C'I~~ ~9f<!'~'t9Ir;'IJ~ ~~9\1lf?;~ <U~~ ~ full employment ~ ~m" ~C~~ ~ ~M f\!5~f'l~"t0{ ~~ '1~~ ~~1 ~~Jt~, "~cO\l C"t~t~ mc~~
9ftc~1 ~~1 ~ ~~ ~O{t~t~~<ti C~ <ti~Cfil:O{tll~~ <ti~0\'B ~ ~O\~~~~
~~~ lfO{\IDlI!l~Ol,<!'~ f~~l cO{~Cll~~9ftIf0{~~ full emplo "'1~j~'lto\'\5l<rUC<ti
m1 "C~C~O{I
,
tll~ ~~ '9fT~ 9ftc~ I ~9fC~tc~ "lf~ «t~~ C'fr;<1\
~~~~J <!'~ttO{1 ~tfil<!' ~~9ftIf<ti~'1~~ '1~"tc~~~~tO\ ~C~ ~~ 911 ~$~ ~C'l m"'fOl, c~t~
tll~ ~CW ~ ,«<!'t~-~t~l, ~<!'~, death duty I ~t~~ f~Ii\'t fsa It 'Mm~llt~~<!' ~~1 I f<r;~ <:5t~ ~~O{ \5l~fi1:~ ajtc~~ ~t"lt~ <tiJtf9t~Jtaj ~(t
~~ 9ftc<;t0{1I ~9f~'1 9ft"~ ~~ 9ftlfo{'e~f.l~~~ 0 ~\!jCIil C<lM~ tll~C'iI ~ C<1[C~
litO{~~O{ ~ c,o{ tll~~<!'~ ,~r;9f ~to\ I tll~ ~Jt9ftfilc<f ~~J<f~
O{jtll«~ f<r;~1 1!l~C"I'e ~<lt~ f9tf~~ \5ltC'l I 0{1 tll~<lt~ <t't~'t ~? ~'lttll 'foI~~ ~~ ~W National Investment Board-tll~ m<ti~O{1 <ti~1
,~ ~c~O{, ~ ~1 ~QltO{.<:5t~l ~c~l C<lM ~If sto{ I U sury-l ~ I f<f~ ~~ 9f'tlf;\ '8 ~9fC~tc~~ m"S{J~tc~~. 'lt~tcllJ ~\!j~"~'1 tllC<ti~~
<t'tc~ ~tfi<ti ~~9ftlf<t'Clf~ C~~ '~aj~~ Csgl ~c~ rentier Cl!t9ttll«t 'q <!'~ ~ ,,~~ mc~O\, tll~ ":{9f~ '''tCO{l W~~CIf~CO{l~~ I
~t"t1 ~~'~!:~g Ofot. ~ ~ O{tO\t~9f f\!5~~~~M9f ~t~l ,,'c~ ~ ~~ "liJt9ftfil~ c<!'~o{C1j~
~ tll<ti~<!'t~"if~ ~Jt9\1~ I tll~ ~Jt9ftffltc"
'1ij'j1fi;C9f ~t~~ sfu~ I ~~~ ~c~t~O{ ~~, euthanasia of the "'" ~9f ,~ c~t~ CD~1.~C<1 boom O{g ~ ~, ~~ \!lt~ ~~\!j:
~~~ ~lf?;~lf~ "g 0{1Nnl m m ~c~ ~aj1-:~lf~ ffi "f~1,{ ~fiIt1l ~ perpetual slump ~~~ f5~~n1 ~ I \!jt~ '<l"~'M~ ~ boom·
,,~~ m~~~ ~. ,<!'o{0\1 m~~~ 9f~~t'1 f.lcfl~ <t'C~I ~~ ~~ ~ ~c~ I f~ boom-tll~ '1~~1 '~C"'f~ ~ ~t~ boom ~aj~
II •
~'! ; ~~'t 9ft"~ ~~9f'tlf;\~'e fol;;§~ <ti~~ @9fCi5t1f-"1~~ @9(11 OJnp ~C« I Cl{-boom C~ slump ~ 0{1~ boom-~ ~ I C'l~l ~

~n~ "'~~~ fu~~'l~~~ ~fapi; twt~~~ ~~g I. flPl;fflar ~, '!{~~1tll«~ ~ ~W ,<t'tcO{1f5f<!'~'1~ ~c~t~ ~ 0{1I ~~ ajtc~
9ft~ ~'@ ~ tll~ <ti~ ~C"ICll, ~ ~~ 9ftlfc~ C"~ <1\"liJ
~9fCi5t~ I f"~ ''''D'I'Tl! 1I~ boom ~ ~, ~Cif~ ~~ <tiM \Wr ~c~fD~ '1~lfto{ ~
~~ ~lU1nl 'tll~ '8~ c~~ <tiQ\~1tllC<\5~ ~~m ~'~~1 ~, 'I" ~ 0fII ~~ ffi <tiM "f~~ ~<ti~ ~'~m f.ml tllC"l ~ ,,~~
~'tmr\!j~ <m~ ~!h:~llto{ fsfe I f~ ~~,~ ~~O{ \5ltc~ 0fI1 Euthanasia of the rentier-tll~ tll~ ~c~ ,"t~ ~ I ~~ ~
~~~ qq;«, ~ ~~ m ~ ~~ 011I <!Ml~o{ ~ 1{iitl-~ ~ ~~ f<!' ~ st~~ ~ ~~9ftlf~ ~~ ~? ~~flfI ~c~
 'l'~"I..f'li( ~(;{'H% """
<I'?;'" -HI 7 c<!'~"\~ ~tl{J ,O{t<l't~ \9 '!i{iJ1tiJ1'"Olt<l't~('l?;l:jJ ~C'51f ~ -R> <\J~ ~. 1S~9ftif<1''f'1
'll~ '5f~~ \!It''!~ \!It''ltN~ ~~"O{undis-
f,,~ ~t<fl f~f.PI~~\!Iijjt~J <!l~ '5{C~ ~ ~t~ ~iJ1~ 'l0lf1 \!ltQlI ~ ted profits-~~ 1S9\1l<f-~<l:~ <l:1\!IT~C'~~~~ ~tc~ f~~~. "<fS~C"I
'4."o{~~
f1r"1.~\9 c~"'c<!' \!I~~ej <l1C~entrepreneur \!I-{t~ ~<!' 1S~9\tIf~" ~ ~r-4 <!l<l:~
employment-.!l~ 1S'1<;\"
~t~ <1'''1'Sti7\~C<\ "O{1
I \!Il:jJt<1<fl
J'j'l'1~ <mlC~"Ol<!l<l:~C'5C<l:C~rentier-ci!l9t~ \!lt~ "Olg,,~~~ f<!'~~ ~ li~(~ 'Ol~C'llt'f ~~C~ '1tc<;\"O{,
<!ll;1 serfdom O{~C~l f<fS7 f~ \!It"!t~
~c~ labour theory of value \!I~J'jtt~ ~
(
f<{~~ ~C~ I C'it~t"I-, • li~O{effective demand-<!l~ 'l~~<ftCD f<tafto{ ~C~ 'lltC<l:~~~ \!ltJ'j;<l:'l0lft I
'~-1.c#.i1 'l~'" <!l~ R~tf~l;1 ~Df"Ol C~" ot~ \!I~ ICIC"!\S~ ~~C"I ~1l"l boom-<!l~ ~<:li;1~tc~ m~ ~ f<fS<!,'c~ 7
\!I~~ ~ ,~~ ~~~ I ~ "<fS~,J'j~~ f~fo1;rl;tc~ C<fi~"\~l,\~ej~i1l1C<llC~"o{
I 'l~~ ~t~t<1, 'l~?;~
~rtf'1\;rti1l "ltt'l <!l<!' ~c'>f~ Pi~ -~~"Ol1 ~C~ ~~ If<i~t~~~ I effective demand ~~, .'l~~~<fS \!ltc~~ C~~ f<l'f~ fu~ ~C'l, ~1 ~~
Pi·R.;m~ ~'lt~~ cl;C"Ol
Cl;C"Ol
<\~ "C~ '\!t~1 ~<:l C"If~~"Ol,l;t~l;tc"Ol~ 'lC~1 employment <l:~~ ~<fSC'l-<!l'l~ '1~J f<fi"~\!It<{1-'l~JI \!IT<;\"
<!l<fSfif<fS
C'4C<fCif~'"
J'jC~i1l~ ,,~ <!l<!'Df"Ol
~~ <\1~C" Pi!..~J'j"O{~}~~~C<l:"Ol
I <!l~ '\!tCif~ ~ ~, 'l~~~ lfo{~C~~~tej I J'j~~C<fS'!t~ '1R1'1~ ~1 <!l'l~ ~C<fS ~~t~'
-the law of capitalist accumulation, Effective Demand-<!l~ ".~ '1~~ <t'~, lfo{~"OOl<!ll;t~~f<{<fS1I Effective demand ~PlC~~ lfO:{~
~~~ c~~ ~tc~ '~~, ~<:l cl;C<!' "Ol1I. c<!'~"\~ < <!l~ ~C<:l~ M • ~~ i7\t'5 <fS~C~ '1tC"QI.• <(0{~~'8 <l:ll!t~~t<1'c<\\!I'4~ ~t~ effective demand
'Sf(;OU <!l<!,l;jf;{ift1'l'ej\!It<rt~fW~c~<i I Big capital-<!l~ ~~f.r~ \!I'IJt~ OOCO{lS'/
Cl)gl <f~C<\,'l~"il1.:~ ,00t<l'l <lt~tcO{n <fStC'llff;{\~ "O{l ,,'c~ effective
~t~ ~Cl;f*~ ~tc~~ 'lt~C~J effective demand <\t~tcO{tc<!'ift'lC~~ '11l1 R\~ <fS~1~1.:<\,<!l~ \!It~-f<{1.:~t~ ofIf5S1 \;9{~ f~~~ti'r
dema.nd 'It'¥tc,,t~ <fi"tCll!
fu~~"Ol I <l:cl;~C~1!~c'>f~'l~to{ lfO{~t~<l'"Cif~"ttfh NC<i'wt<i'tC0{1iftJ'j~ ~ ~ boom-\!I~Cli~fo!<fS C,(tlf~f%~ ~C~ ~1 f;{~t~~ ~:~<:ll ~~C<fi <!l'@C~\9cif'8~1
f<l;~ ~f5'lClfJ~ ~tc~ Pi·~~ 1S'1C~~ lftf>t'@C"I1
R~'lt~ ~C~ c*~<!l<\~'It<ll'1c~ ~;rj ~'41)'l~\§~ CIf€~1~C<\ 0{1,<!l~
<l'C"I fh~t~1 'lilft~ \!ItJ'jc<\,f%~~i) boom "O{~I
~t~1 ~~C~O{~t~ \!It<\t~ 'SMc~"OlI ~tCIt~ ~~ \9 'Sti§1Cli <!l"~ ~f;{~ lJIf' lfol:\!iail~
'l~C<fStD,<{0{\!iQ\~
J'j~<!,l;,lfO{~fiI<fS1S~'1tifO{·~'1taft~ <!l ~c~t~ ~'li1l
\9f9t~ ~ <!ll;11.<IlC~"O{jC'1C~ c<!'~"Pt \!It<l:t~ ~~O{ <f'C~ ~<:l C"If~tc~, f~ m'1/ <!l~1S~'1tlfo{<!l'lo{'Stc<\ ~i1lC~ ~1.:<fS C'llo{IS'1C'StC~"Qil~ C,,~, C~O{
\9~ ~C~ f1i~l;j ~~ ~~ '1tc~ I ~ <\T'l'l1~~~"O{ "O{1
~fil~t( ~~ ~~If..~ .~'tZ <!l~ 1S~'1tifc"o{~mtc~~1, C'llO{,
C,,~"\~~full employment-<!l~ 9fR1<fS~0\~
R~~-'l'l~ If..~,,~t~ ~ ..• l.QW'~C'lSl"
'5t~, if"! i1l'i'f'"O{~O{C'ST'(3"1<alt<fStc"!~~t?;if \!Itf<{f~ ~~~~ I f~
1S'1t~~<fS,,~ ~rn~I J'j~~l;1~~"Ol~~~"Ol ~<!l'~ ~~"Ol'l~~C<f m <!l'lo{~ .•• ~~<fS 1S~9ftifO{-~'1t~ \;~'1tlfo{-"l~~ <!l~o{<!l~l;1 f~"l'll 'StC<l:<l:t~t~ 'lltc~
,,~ ~~ ~tc~ f~<.Q'~~~
~ c<ftc"Ol1
'1ejJf;{~~ ~ "Ol1,~1 ~Ci1lf<fl~l;1~tfu~, ~~~c'I~ \;'1C'5t~·"!fu. <fSC'l~t~ I ~~~t~ If"o{\!it~<fl1S~'1tifO{-~'tt"l1S1ISC~if
C~~ 9finT I ~'l"Ollf1'l'"Ol
M'i'f'1~'.!lJ ~~JtfIt~ ~~~ <f~t \!I~<l:1~'i.~~...
c~~1 \9 'fl ~'~ \§9{c'5t~-"!f'(3i1.:<fS
c~<!'1fif1.:~<\t~t<\t~ <\1 ~~'1tlfo{ \9 IS'1C'StC~ ~lClfJJ'!t'lJ
•
c<\t~tc"O{j,<!l~lf~"Ol~"tc~ ~C~<f- ~~t~ C'1t<fSC<f
f;{~ <f~1 I <!l~ c"!C'llN" 0{ 'ft;ffi( ~gl ~SIt"l1 'It<li I 'It<fCilSl f<{1'l'C~\!Ii}Jt~ \!I~c~t~ <fS~~C~ ~C<fS, f~f;{
'St~~ ~~~ <ftc~ ~~ <l:C"'.~<fiC<l:"Ol1I ~ f%~fif"l~ <ft~ Cif~C"l~ under-consumptionist I \!lt~ ~1 C"If~~ Cf~"\~ \9 ~~"\~~C"if~ -e~ ~
C'ltl;t 'lt~ ot~ ~~ ~~C~ '1~, f<fi~ ~C~ ~'c~ effective dem ~ ~<fS~ lJ.~~~ I

\!I-q-J]~C'l <l:~ <l:tc~ "111 0 'll~ ~t~, ~~ .... c~1 \9 ~ .... c<l:t~~ ~ ~ C"!f;{cO{<;\"
<fSllItl;t'lCo{'1'¥C~ I ~C'l~ '1~ 'i"~ C~"\~il~ 'l~1 <!l~
employment <l:~t~~t~~ l\~~ ~'l<fi~if 1S'1~ m<fS"O{j~O{, J'j'!tCiSi{firf ~ f~ ~~~ "RC~lfO{C<\i!l3tf;{<!'
*<l:'ll'lnl \!I~ C"IS "ltC'lO{f;{I ~ General
\9\;1\!I'1~ f.ro5II~ <!l<l:~
C<fi"~~ f;{c~\9 ~ \sl;tC~ J'j'l(o{ ~~O{ <!l"tO{
~ I Theory f;{~ f<\Wt~ \!Itci1lt~ ~~~ -e <!l~"O{\9
~~ I 3fC~i5-<!l~-e \!lt~-

{
M'i'f'1, ~~ ~~Jtfifc~ lfO{wtfil<f~~ ,,~~ ~1 ~ ~~ 9f1n 7 ~ ~ N-efit ~ <!l~ C<\M\!ltci1lt~1 <l:~""~t"O{
"lwt~~ \!In ~ N\9fil ~
socialised"O{j ~ ~~~ ~-<l:R~ 9\fi~~ ~~~ ~~fiI<fS ~-<l::rnl~ ~ I ~ ~ lf~~~ 'l~ ,~~ f<{c~'ll'l~ C"l~ ~'41 I ~,~ ~t<l: ~.
~"l<i~ ~C<l:~~ 'l~<f)"'1 <!l~J'j!..~<f'1ft1~~ ~m \!It-\C"I ~'@ej ~~ ~ 1S'1~ ~ m~ '1tt~ I C~'l~
<!l~'41f;{:'lCOIfC~<l:i1l1 f~ Mrs.
9\fi~ Cl{"Uf~ \!lt~ <!ll;1R~'l ~ "<fS~0{
I Robinson <!ll;1 ~m ~C~"O{ I f~ <!ll;T\9~, ~ ,~l,\ llf'(R<fS ~'6"O{<fS"m
~~t~ full employment \!lt~ J'j~?;~~ '5{~~~ offset "<fS~?;~'1t~t'It C~~ Genera.l Theory ~D"O{j~~O{ I ~'6"O{~~C~ f~ C~
employment ~ ~C~, <fit*~ "<fS"'C'l<!l~ \f1(jl;1 ~~ c"!'RWI'6 <1~fum~ lJf'(3i~~C"I f;{c~~ ~~C~ '1C~~ I lfo{~Q\~ J'j~C<fitc~
<!ll;t~tclll ~ ~?;"<\"O{1
I "'tc'5~ ~ \!I~"! J'j~~ ~'~ c<ft"P(tf;{ ~~ 1{C;tt'1M "<fSJtf9tl;tCi1l~
J'j~~1 ~f;{ J'j»9J.cf<!l~~ c~c~o:{I ~t~ N~fil~
 ~! ~~ w~~~~~ ~S) :!P~ ~.
i S1 S1
·1Jif·~
j ~~ ~~ a ~ ~ £1 di -"" ~ 4
j;
~ ~1
1~-""
~
-"" jl
~

~~
/0
~
.&

£~
~ a~~-!j

F;#J~~~
~ :5. ..ll.~'
<ill'
~l~t ~~~;1
il~jt i~~
~ ~
1!l .oj
J61
::il
~

~,@ ~
~ ~ ~

)91 ~ a-
<9l J; ~1!lijl~~ it ~ :
~' ~
=1 ~ ~
~\ ~ ~~ 1~ ~
~~~§~~
~ i1 1~~ ~;i :Zl ~. ~
;J)-!jAlt
A'V:l~
i~~~
~~
'"' ~
a; ~ ~~.~§ @ !'
.rl'<ilI' ~
~~~a
Sl~S1(Ql ~iJ~
(.8~1j~
B~ ~ ~ !
~~:!AI
~:iP~J
~~
~ ~o
•..• :1>
:! ~
~
:!
~
S1~~
~ ~
1~.
..!II
~!:!
'"'
~
.SI
~ ~
~~1~
~ ~ ~
~~~~
~ ~ ~ !j I~ ~

-f~l
.!II
~ ~ ~ ,y.!ll~~
-'$I
~ ~ AI) ~ 11
::i AD 00 ~ -""
~;1j~!
l
~ ~ ~ v ~ v
.!ll:tl~ ~~ AI : v. ~

~-~ 1 - .11 ~ v.

•
-!j

~
~
...c:i
tJ
 it

9fC~D'ajl:~ '5'ajl:~ ~~~ '1f~P{ : [AIWa.ys remember that one is given by fate only one life-ti~e in
~t;'1tt~ \!l~ ~~1 fDaj ! . b to work and live for humanity. There is no grea.ter crime, in
"bJc
Onianthan to renounce the world, no matter for what excuse,'"
.yop I ,
D~~ ~~ajt~, '€~ ~~'1 t~~'1 ~~ ClK~ I Life for me has only bee:ij worth while in so far 80S I ha.ve been a.ble to
~l:0{~ ~~ C~l:~ Cl{\!l~ '1~t;tt~ Clil:~l~~ 8how, even a few people, the way to forward living.-Clive Bra.nson ]
~~l:O{~~~t<l ~9ffoll:~"l ;
llt~ ~O{ ~ftl:~ C<t'~aj ~l:aj1
~~ ~~ ~~ c~1 ~t~t~~J ~~~-c

~~ 'I'f~aj~, ~t;9ftc~ ,~ \~.{l:~9f'l:~ I ~~~~N ~"1'1~l:~~~~~ ~l:{0\1,

~~"It<i' ~~"I~, 9f~Cajt" ~D~ ~,
~~ fit~c~~~ ~'~c~1 \!l~ ~aj, ~~O{~~ '1{i"l'1
~,,~O{ ~ f.lW9fl~
foll:~l:<!'~t~~ ~'~F~ ~~"I'W w~<rtl:~ ;
~tc~~~ ~~"t1l ~t'l,~t~ "C~(~CD~ I
~tO'(~ ~'€~tl.l ~t0{1~l:aj flfl:~ ~<!'tl:"l~ ;i'rCaj,-
~~1 '${f~O{, ~"l~1'f f~t'lllfW 0{1
~l:O{~~ 1lit~l:~; \!l<!'~:
f<I~~~-C'I ~ ~~ f.lM '1~"l~,
'1Rt '~'C~ ~l:o{<!',~O{<!' ~~~ I
3lt'lfi~ ~'tJ ~ij)1 \!l ~ 'lt~ ~ ~~;
.c( ~~J \!~ C"ll{ ~; ~~~ ~~ ~ I
~O\l:~ ~t~ f.r~t9t1f ;
f.I~t9f1'f~~ 1litO{t~1
~~ ~TiiJ~tt~ ~~ 9f~'5nft
f.i~t9fI'f-~H'1 ~t~ ''I ~~ I
~t~ ~t~ c~iS C<1~ '€9fS'lCQ{'C<!'
c~ ~~t~,
-e~~ '<i'l:aj'If €~1 iSf~ci~ ~l:~1 f<I~ ;n~ I5tcw ,~~ c<!'~ ~O{ f.lClf/"l,

-e 9fC~~~?iajl ~t;9ftc~. ~t~<i' ~~tr.:"l ~'iS ,~iS ~~ ~tt9f ;

~~Ofl, ~~aj, ~W~ CI'f~ I ~~ ~O{ Dl:aj,'1~~ ~~ ~{~ I

\ftt'1 \!t~ ~ ~~ C<t'0{
If..~~O{ ~ Clf"l,
*~ lltr.:l'f~~l:aj1 ~'1 'itS'll:'1~~TiiJ '''0{ ~ majt<!', -Cll~~ 9fifm ~l:9f
~<!'~ ~t~ '1l{l:~'DC9fl:{~1; 'l~~\!
"l~~ ,~~ ~l:It,'(i~~ ~~ I
~S'l1 ~t~ <!l~l:~ ,~~ fol;§l:~,
I

f.l~S'If<I<!iil:9f~
~l:~1 f9f~l:O{'~C"I
~t~t"l-~~ <!l~ ~~ 15'''Il:'' U
 I,

•• e.
• •
.,
'1~o

9\CQ{~ m ~t1{1 <1't9fC~ ~9\~ ~ ~t~'hl ~~ 1ft~~il ~n1ffffi;~ ~r. ~<1t~<\"lCil-fi c¥, ~ ~ 1{t~llC"<fi
~t'll 0l1; <!lt9\R f<ti.~ C~ ~"<fi~

'8! ~t~"l~~ fIl~Rfil9fJt~~ '8i5t~f'lSlt~ m..1 ~~ ~C"l~C~ ~~ '1lt~C<\"l'3lt~t~<f I '~"l <1'1.01C\fj'q? f<ls ~;.ifp\

w... I ~~ Ol~Pi~<ut9f~ I ~~"l~ <\~m <\t~'1 <1'C~~~ "l~PI~-'et~ 1 .

~ C~C<1' foPl 011I 9!ts ~t<.l~1C~~ ~C"l ~'! 9\m<\ 011I
-[if ~Cil? .~~f;{fil9\t~~~ ~t~~ 9\Nc~~ ~tlf1 C'<lr:~~fil 9\t~~ fOID{~ C<f"l

-c~tt~ ! ~lt~H
W~C<:f "l~Pi~ I . "l1{~Sl;<1t~! c<liNt'€ l{fC<\Ol
011f'fi? Pit; ~t~~ ~C'<II -9ft~? '8~ 9\t~~ lfD ?

~t~ 'll.~Nfsc~ ~c~ '8~Pi~t~ ~~ \g~c~ <1~"l-C~~ 0ltr:1l ~fil -~J1 C~ I iJTt~1c'iC~ 011I C"li"l~~~ <laf ?

"<fi~<1
I c~tm #\~C#\~ "lt~C#jCiijst1{t~1 C~C~ C"lft<\qt~ I <\"lf1{t#\
~ _~ ~~ Rc1,{~ I ~~-lf%~ i5taf"l1c~rc~ C~~ I f"li '5l~ <1af<1.
~ ?
tft~ l~ ~~! 9\t~~-lf% R~ <fC~'3lt~ f<l; "<li~<1? '3lt9\Olt~ ~~~C<f
...• ~.
c"t~t"<lit~ !
"l~Pi~c~~ 9\tt~~ ~~ C~C"<fi1{Nt~ RC"l~ ~t~C'if"1 9\~r~ ~"<liT;1~~ ~'i.J" f1Itll elf ~~ CQ(r;~#\~C~ ~~ ~<f~~~t'll ~tlfi ~ "l~ 1{t9\C"lC<lI

C~C"lC~"ll f5tSl<1~srt~~f(?[ QC'(3'~ ~T;1 ~i5t<\-(j1l I -'If~ c~; C'l:MDtaft~'1 ~C~1~ I Cll CIfC~C~,Cll ~r:Ol C'i '5lt~<f <1CQ'jC~
I

f~~ ~~ <!Itst~'fit;1 <!I~rt'!-~ ~C"'llC~I ~t~~t~ ~~ ~QC'! <t'~C\5'€~ • ~~~ 9ft~~ fotC1,{ ~fi{ ~tfrr;~ ~<:f f.lc~ l{t'S, ~ft~ c~ ~~C~ ~i;c"<fi ift'8 I

~fg,foo, ~'1-~-'8, ~#\-f9t, 1{rtf~C~T;~CIf~ (j1{'fic~r~ C#j~1{~ ~~1{ "<fiSl~ ~ 'l'l: ~~ C9\r:~~'1

~~ ~~ttOl <!It1{t~c~t;1c~~; ~If-~·'8 C<1~C1{C~~C"l"lcJ'j~ C<\~CIfCSC9\~ -'<1:"1 c~1 C<fCifC~C~C#j~t1{t~ 'lt~~01~<l' I '5lt9\R C\!l1c"lfc~~O{t~, ~t9j.{t~
1{t~<\"l~1 ~t~! C#j~~~T;t~ 'll.C"l~t.~ ell '3{'l~"l~<:f~ f~"l ~t~ ~~ ~Pr.. ~~ ~ ~1{t'i ~ I

1{C"l'3{~c"ltR1 "<fiC~ I 1{r:Ol

~'ll C<l~T;1
~1{~ ~tC<1cSC9\011~~C"l~ ~'! I ~-e «3~T~f~~ ~<\t~ ~f5tC'll~il I <lafCaf-S"l fIl~f"lPl9\rt~~~ '3ltf~ c~ ~<l

C<l~~~ c~11{t~~ ~'1-~-'8, ~~9\S'I '"l't'ig~'~-~tc~ ~tS'l Qt~'b1 9\C~ Cll\!5I ~ ~1ftC'fi I cst,{t~~JtC"l~~~ ~1 <1afC~ ~ <1afC'l:
I

~~ "<fitt"lQ#\f~ c~ ~~ "<fit"lft~~~~f~9\C~ ~tC'fi '3{t'iC~ ~~ ~1 I 'it9\ ~ I!j~~ R9\ <R~ C~c~ Ol~Pi~<1afCaf-~~"l 'l5{t~t~ J'jtfuJ'j~ '!1{1,{
I ~~"l c~ CllC~

~~'8 1{tRC'll "S"lC~ ~ '3{<1~t~ 'iC~ I "lQPl~ ~1;1 ~C~~ eDtc~ ~'l "Ii, llt<1~~ 9\C~ I ~~ 9(~ ~t9J.lt~ ~C~ C"If~1
~~<l I

~~~ ~COl ~<t'~1 C<1C"\{~T;1 'it9\ ~cQ~;.if: ~~i ~C~~<:f 1{t~, O{~Pi~ C'l~tcO{~ . "~~1 ~~<l' ~~tT;1 ~'it~t~ ~~1 I '8~~ .rc~J '5lC"l~ ~~1 <\<:f1' ~~ C~af I c~T;j·

Nil, '5lt~ ~"<fiT;t~cQ~"l ~C1{ Ol~Pi~C~Q ~~C<1"it <\t~'8l,lt~1 '1~t~ .• 'ftc5~ <!I'IZ,,:~lfC<lI 9fts T;t<1't~"<fiC~ ~t~ ~C<l~ '8~t~Pl~t~ I "<fi~tT;t
~J I <!J"<fiT;t

<1~C~ I ~T;~c'1t~~1 '5lt~trS'l '5lt'll~r:Ol~~ ~~ I f,,~ 1{t~~ 'it9\~ ~ ~C~ 'If<\t~ ~~ ~C'll"<fi
~ 9\t~~~fD RC'llC~"l~Pi~ I. ~~t<\J~ C~1 ~~ C<ltCr5~

~~, C'Wf<1~ m<:f~ 1{\!5:<mt ~~ <1itf9fT;t~~t'll ~t<1C"l~ 9\~ C~<1<:f ~ ~ lt~1 C~~~~ c<1tCr5~C~~~C"If~ ~tt~ c~~ ~m "<fi~C~ COl'8'll1
~t9fl¥ ,

,,~ Q~' <fC~C~"lC<:fI ~ ~C1{~ 1ft9\T;1C'll0l~, ~t~ ~'~<Atf ~~ c~~ ~tclf~ f<l;<!ltcJ'jlltt,{? ~t~1 ~ci; ~~ ~tclf~, ~~~ #\<\C"SC~~~WI

f<t;~'iC~ 'iC~ 1{t~ "lt~~ fOlClli~'~~<1 9\t<l'ttOl1 l~~~ ~c~ 'll.~T;1-ir:Vf 'It~ ~'af·o{~Pi~~~; frfC"lf~"l<1t~ ~"lm ~'~ ~~ 'lt~ 1{t~"l 9\~ ~t~ C1{tT;~

"l~Pi~ "'Ci7j~"le~ ~t~ ~'<:f ~<:f c>tt~cm ~t~ I \5{t~ ~T;t ~Q'l CJj.~ ~ I ~~T;j ~i{f"<fi
\!iiC1{
iii'C~ <l~ ~ ~~~il,· ~c<1!~ ~~~ ~~f.lPl9\JtM~~
~ ~~ ~1l1 <f~1 9\t~c~~ ~tlf1 C~C<f ~C~~ ~A.;9\N~ ~C'll C'l ~i{f<f~ filc'llC~'
C"lt~~'lll
~~ C<Wf<tt~i7j '5ltc~ Ol1,m~~'it9\ ~ 'i'\'tC'll~'itt9\~ ~1{f.{ ~ ~~~l~ ~t~1! ~~i;1 ~I'fi C~C<f C"lR 9\t~~ ~C'llC~ I <1~<l~ C#\<1t~'im~"l ;

'3lfCiMI ~~ 'it9\r:<t' 1{t~~ J'jC~~1 '<0l <l'~~ ~ 011I ~lt~pl .~' (

~ ~t1l1~ ~-~ m ~C'lc~, <lCafC~-'3lt9\f.{ C~~ "lft~? If'hl 9\r:~c~
~~~I .
• ~tCOlott I \St~ ~"<fi<1tc~ cij;t9\tc~ I 'i'\'tC'll~'it9\~"l ~t~ll f~ I ~
~tt~~ ~~ ~~ "<fitc~'C~1{' C"If~'llOli I '~Jt<1~~ ~ C"l<1~1'( Ol~fu~~af~t~ C"lfC~
l{~ C~~ ''I5m~ Dt'll?
-\5~"l <1C"lm<1-~~c~ C~~ ~C~~ I . <1Caf
CJ'j~~-~ ~~ ~PlI
m~)~f"<fil"
f~~~ ~~~ c~~ '5l~lliit ~~1{~ S~"l ~C'll~~C~-e
~~ <\~"1~S'l1 ~~~ '~C'l ~~ I "<fi~1 ~<1 fu~ 'I'll I '8 ~afn ~n ~~

eJ'j,,~~~ I '5l~If ~ f5tc~c~ '8T;t I OlQPI~ ~C~c~ 'i~'ll~ "<fi~ •• ~l( I ~iftc~ J'jC!f '8~'ISlt~~ <\l';iift'l:~ <!ltt~ I ~~ <tt~~ ~

~r;~ "<fi~~ ,~ csc~ ~~"l '8~t~Pm~~ ~C<f I '8i5~PimQ <\i7jCil-iJ1: ~h

<!J"<fiC"l1 1{t9\ CIf'll '8~t~f~~ I CSll~~ ~~1 ~ 1{ClfJ~C~J

"St~~ C"If~,QlOlf'lCil ~tt".'{!

'l~le(COl
~C'llli.'ifle(T;1~1'f1CD<f . "<li'~ CIfC~I "<fi1{
~~~ I ,,,f~~'8i5~Plt,{t~
 Ill]

(l1l'C~~~-~"l<lt"ltfW ••( Rhodophycae ) c~t~~ 'ltt@t<1S ~~t~ CQ\C'fi ~~'1

ai"''6' <lJ~~<lC'1t~<1S ~~~ ciSf~iSft~""hl9flftc~ ott'll ~c~c~ '!i{Jtm-~rt'1t~
.ut~1 ,
;rtol1 iSftc~~ ~Jt~~'lClf~ ~Jt5frr~~ '89f~ <!l:\'~t~ ;;t;;~~~'Q ~ I C~

~~)~ ~~\C~~ cvA-"!C~ C'1RPt~Co{~ ott~ ~Sf ~t~ <fR1:\S ~~ ~ I ~ <lJt~iSf)'lQ'j ~tt'fi ~~a>f "<fi'?:~Clf~, C"<fitOlc~tO{ ~t5f~iSft~~1 ~ ~C~ ott;;i-

~~~~ ~'D'~ ~<{CQ~ 'ft~'SfQ 9(t~~ 9(t~~ ~ ~~ ~Q1 ~f.nl~ ~ft,~ ~ ~ ~Ci§~"Sf'll"Clflf, C"<fi~ ~i ~t<ltQ' '5'1rtC'I~·11f~ ~~m<R~ ~Jt5ft~C"<fi c~~ ~
C'1f;rP!MOl"COl"~t~"I.~0l"Ol~ I 'fi~'fi~ ~~~;fhr\S OlWffl~t~ c'1'fo!f'tf~O{~ ~C'lI c~Ca>f I <\rtR;sft<1:clf'Q~~ ;;tOl"iiSft~~ ~illt~C\f~ l5\Tt5ftc~~ -e'1~ <!l:\'f~f~t€

€ cm5ff~~9T 'l1'~il1Q1 9(~tQ 'Si"W~c~N ~~ ~~ ~~ ~'fitc<'Rl ~'U~ ~~~ ;ttO{1 ~~m~ I "<fitciSf~~f~:\ <!l:\'1%~~tQ '1t~C~J ~~ ~<llt~ ~ ~~~

'8 ~~fal~ ~'?:~ I ~fC1' jjort'ei ~~C~ 9(tQi ~t~ I

~17'\'\ ~ca1 ~~ 9(~~, "!'l1'J 'fiC~O{ 9(~~Ol"Ca>f~~l1J ~'fiSitC~Q ~~ "!\tlltCIf~stR!twc~ ~t-e~t~ ~<1:'1~'?:~~<I~ '1<1ill ~%lffr ~Jt~~<1:Q1 \S ~'1:'~mlf

(~rt~~fil~) ~Ri ~~ ~t~ ~'fi"Sftc~<;( ~rt~~<tclf~ ~~"'P\c{ '€ ~~~a>f)0{ (itm~ c~'1~i ~a>fC~J C'&'1 C<1:~K~ I . c~Rl~-\!ll 5fC<I~~5ft~~ ~t'8mc~'8 ~t~

c~~tmCl) C~C~ ~n[I ~~ 'fiWl ~~O{ ~SftO{i CO{~I· ~lt~Wt<t~i ~'a>f • fi:i( I c~fiI~ 'fic~"<fifi;C"lff;...•-~C'I ~rt5ft~-~NJc~ ~Tt~sft<1: ~t~t~'?:'1t~~'l't" <19(;;'l''?:Q'

~~~~ (~t~c~i-~<;(5frtR~'~l) I ~tCIf~ <!l:\'t~~\ltQ 'i'C"! Olt"l"i '9it'?:l!<;( ~~~ '1~C'l~'1 ~CQ~Ca>f;; I c~fiI':. C~ '1~C~ ~t~ 9(~~r~O{ ~Jt~Sil'<lCIf~ ~'fifi; ~-

m'lt~'fi 9(lft{ ~~~ ~~ I ~'fi i9itc~Q ~Jt-R'Sf')<1:CIfQ ~f~-~c~t~ ( , lit~j <lt~ <1:t~,,!~~Ca>f~, C'I "~Il ~tQ' ~a>fc~r ~t~f<l~J~
C"fr,J[Q \!l'l'iSftc~~ ~illt'?:'fi~

~Ol~R~~) ~i}] iSftC~Q ~rtRg/1'lclf~ 'l1'~~t~ ~~ ~'a>f ~tC\f~ ~t~r~n~ ~.~ C~~~C'? ~C'I ~t~ ~C~Cill ~f'(gt<{i foIca>fI c~Rl~ ~t~ 'ft"Sf c"l~ <R~ ~-
'9i'lIT0l" 'l!~t<1:Sit~ ~~R<I' ~f~~'fi «;~"f~Rh) 9(lft{~11 ~~o{tCI!~ Ii C"f~~C~ '1Rlc~ Q't~Ca>f<{
I ''fiC~<l'f\{<{C<I'C~ ~5f~ I C~~~ CIf~Ca>f.,~t~ 9(~C<I"l'~t~Of
~ ~<1: 9f!ft{C<fi <ta>f1~~ ~f~-'lJt~gfr~ ( ~JtfcS-~t~€fi;~) 9(lft{ I c~t5f~~ ~~iSf"1'lCIf~'1'?:~ '1C~ ~t~ ~'fi iSftt~~ ;;<lt5f~ '1~iSf~C~~ ~illt'fi\S c,,~tcO{ ~~tO{l
(<trt~~fil~) <!l:\'f~-~rt~~f<l~t'?:<fi (~rt~-~t~'8Pt'l) c~t5f f;!<1:t~C~Q'ftcSi ift . '~<I':."l~t~ ~~'?:~ I
~~ 9(~C~~ ~'?:O{~<!l:\'~~ Sftt5f I f<l'~ ~t~ 'ft~~tC'fi ~tc~-'fia>fC~ 9(~~ 'fiCl ~ ~rt~:srl''lf<1:lfcIfQ'fitc~ '<{~~t~1 "I.~O{ Ol~ I ~~ 'I'll:~ ~Cif I.!l~tc~ ~Rl~ 1.~-
cQ'21 ~17~~ ~Ca>f~~tfil~, (Emmerich) ~ Ca>f1(Loew) Oltc~ ~~to{t'Qt~ ~~~ ~ (~~C~. <\tf~~ ~~ ~9(~ ~'l'fi; ~C~\!i f;l~~ C~~~· ~~~ ~m "I.~;; '<fiC~ ~t~
~~tfil~ ,'€ c~t'~ <!l:\'Q\~
Cl)'2t~ '1~ CQ\C'fi <fitc~ <fit'?:"!f<l~tol1~i c~t5f~'Sft1Pf~' • 'Ilr'lfj' ~~ ~~r.~'1 f'fi~ c'l1~t5fr~c~ l.~c~ill~c ~ ~t1%a>f 'fil~ ~<1~~~.1'1'1.<1
~rt~~R~~ ~C'I'fi "t~0l "I.\!i;; ~~r \S ~'2t~ ~tf<l~tl ~cQc~;; f'fi~ ~il~il 'It~~~~tc<\ ~"<fi~~foI" ~t~ ;;'9iC~ 9(~a>fI c~f'll~ CIf~Cif;; ;;<tt'5t~ ~<llt<fifi;'Q~Ri-
9(~~ C'fit;;'8 <!l:\'fu>·~rt~Sfl'~ 9(lftC{~ c~t5f foI<1:t~'?:~'l'i'if <!l:\'c~t5f~~<t ~'lIfoIl C~~STDtRl~C'fi'Q ~t~t~Ca>ft'fi~'fit'lCIf~ ~RiC'fi~~MQ "lf~ ( lysis ) ~C~, ~t~i 5fC'1'
"1l ~ ~~ ~ ~tCa>f c~fif~ ~~O{ "I~C"I"~C'I<5', c~~~ ~t~'1t~tta>f ~Jtfit"Sfl'<f f1tc1ff~~~ ~t'?:~ I ~t~'1'l1'i-f;,'lt~'fiCifQ ,,~C~ r.~~~-~~ ~f\{;; ~ C<tSl~~ ~"1
~
<fi~'fitt'l~ (Staphylococcus), ~Ri '8 l1~/ f;:{:f~ <fiQ<1:t~iSfi}]5f'?:~'tI ~ I.Q~':.
C~ ,,~c~ f~f;{ 5fC'l~~t'8 'fi~~'?:a>f~ I "<fitciSf~~illt'fifi; ~t'?:'fi "~'?:'9i~ ~t~'2 mI
C'I~ '1~~ ~t'fiAr'fi'ist~ c'1fo1P1~'?:;;Q ~~~ l1'Qi9(,?:~I ~~ -1;t~t~C'1't'l'~<1St'l ~t~'1-'l1'~'<fit~ <\Jtf<l~,)~ I ~JtN~<lC~ l.fn~ C~C~

CiSf"!') '9it~1~ ~~ ~rt5ft~'Q ~~;; ~NJ'?:~~ (solid medium) ~t~~~ ;;<tt5f\!i <fi~<I'~M C~~ f;:{c~~tC5~ ~K~ ~t~'?:'fQ ~~'" wtc~ ( broth ) ~fif~

~t'i't~'1t'fi~'fit'l '8 ~<mi}] <1:Jt~"Sfl'l~i ~~J~ '1~CSi 1.'2 ~~ \S ~Ri 9ft'll I ~'f;{ ~~C'1<{I 9(~'ljit~ '1~~ CW~~ CIf~C~o{, ~~t<l'~ t(~0{ ~Ri 9(t~'~~ ~~~

"lt~ ~rt~~<1:CIf~ ~'10{ 'fiCQ 9(t"lOl '8 C'1t~'1 ~Q<ttQ iSf"W~Jt5ftt~~ ~~ ~ ~'l\l5c\!i ~1irC'fi~ CIf~Sft~ ~fu1;~'fi 9(lftc{Q' ~~t'?:~ ~~'fi ~~'1~~tQ')

C9(~<I' 9(lft{ ~t~ COl~ I C'I~tc<{ st<l'Olt'8llta>fl 'fitCl)~ QJt9l;, c'fi1c~1 <11 <I$~ ~~ ':srtc~~ ~tN;sfT<lClf~ ~~ C~c~ t(i1l I C~~~ ~illt'fiff;~ Clf~~ ~f~'<fi

~~~'?:If~ m QC"II 'l~t{m~ ;;t~ twCa>fOl"'C9(f;jPt~;;' I ~Jit'fifi;c'fi 9(c~ ~t<fif<{Cifm 'C9(fi{PI"It'll°

~rt5ft~~ ~Q1 ott~ ~rt5ft~-~Jt5ft~ ( Agar-Aga.r ) i ~rt~;sfTWf<;( c~ co®t~, ( PenicilluII1 Nota.tum ) <lC"I'1~ ~Ol I

~~C<I ~l m'fitfil~ ~'1"1f% ~'?:~ ~tt~ <\J'l~fil'fi <lrt~Sil'<t~C~ «nt~~~ ~fi!:.. CIf~Cif;; C'1fi{PtM;;'8~ta>f1 ~t~'?:'1~ ~t~~ '1NtST'1\titt~ST cm ~9TcIf?:~

'9it~/t;; ~~ifi·f<l~to{t' ~\~ C~PI (Fra.u Fammie E. Hesse) 'It.• 'lff~'fi~ ~ <Ii C<fit~'8 fuf~~i ~Ol" "li I ~C'e'~ <\Jt~iSf~f~~ c1~"f'f<ftml''€

'1tt"l <!l:\'~~~m5f <R~ I "It"! ~"l<lt"l c~f1!iftR!~i "It~~;;'?:~\S,'lC"<fi (Gr '~",'8 'l1'1% ~C'Q Ol"iI 'i'Ca>f ~~~-.!I~ 'llC<{ <lJtN'Sfl''l~~ ~~~~ ~t5f

Lichenoides Herb) ~<'lIl<1:t~'?:If~ ~~'lI <\'1i ~~ ~Jt5f~-~rt~ '" ~~t~'<fi ~~l1 ~"tc~ C'1f.1P1M;; <\J~~~~ ~~<\ott~ <fi~ ~5fif 11l~~ 1%f.I ~
 ]
~t~<ttr;'T'~tr;~ -'T'a;r;~<fitr;~a;t~t<lt~ Cli~j'T'>,'le~~~ ~Qea;O{I <T'r;~"~ c"'~ I!{f~~ '€ \!it~ ~f\!i-<lrtN~<ft ~~ ~t~~tQ <ll~t~ ~~ ~<i':. \5t: ~t'€~t;§
clf'€~j <Ut~~(<\-~Pl~ '>'fir;~ c"Ifol~MO{ <m~nr <li~ cwR\!' CIf~r;QjO{
C~
(
••
~ i!?j: ~ttOl""~ CRC<ll C_If,€~j~~ ~to{<lC~~ ~cS(tr;~~ @"lCllt$ftCQt~-@"I"lfil
( C'T'Pl<liJ'M.'l
) f~~ C\!i~ '€~~ C"De~ C"Ifo1PiMo{
~r;0l<li'<1M 'T'1ii<1'~I ft a.peutic)
arp
C'1fo1PiMCOI<.\
~t~'T'
.
f<l~~<ilQ'1 ;e ~~ fol~'lI'1~~~ ~1lI"l
"It!'e~ ~t~ c~r;<li ~~'ijj c"Ifo1PT~O{fo:l~fil\!i <{I"~r;\!i
"lt~r;a;0{O{jI
~~ I
~<;I"~lItea; "M~nt\!i~~t<li\!i~' c~~ji;...•
<{I"
'€ ~t~ ~~<li~ ~,. '€ aFtC~\S CDC~~ ~m~ ~~'\9f~t~~ ~~r;.,' C'1folPlfalO{
9f~~1 '€ 9ffi:"lt9fCctQ
clf~tr;a;;f~, ~~t<li c"Ifo1P1a;t"lc01t~t~t'lTC'l'\!i~"l ~t~~fil<li tf~OlC~lh) C~ ~ ~~ '€ 'R~tfi:\!i 9\~f\!i<;\.~t<!O{ ~~'1 I ~<.\ <fr;;;; C'1f.J.P1MO{<it~%
'i!i~"
<\'10{ <liC~ ~~10{ ~tll, f~~ ~t~ C'1tll<li"It'fPln; C'4C'l' C'1f;{PT~OlC"'(t{r~"1 ~'@M~ i'iji'i!illt"D'I(Assa.y) Jj~<i ~~ I ,y.tt~ '8 C1)0{C'1f.iPlMO{9ft<it~ iSiW~~~
~~ 9fnrca;O{O{jl ~t~j CIf~r;a;Ol
C~ ~fif ~~t<li9ft~.~ cm<li ~t<l'lfGc,. ~ ~~"tMt~ ~t{) C~t3 <llttD<.\y.t~ C9ftli<{l"(!ft<i?:'1~~I1J~ C9ffOlPlMOI-
~e~Q '1t~tc~J ~""rW\!i (acidify) <liC~ \!inr9f~ 'iSi<\~t<\<t' ~~~ ~~ ••- ~<>r ~(jjt'l'~C<{I"<i9f~ ~ 'i!i~ Dt~ <iI~'\!iOlI 9fCQ c9ffolPlf~Q 'D1'fi1f1~'i!i
"
~~, ~t~ca; C9ffo1f'1MO{c"lt~'l' ~t<i'1 C~<li ~~e~~ 'lTC1fJDr;;;;~C'I I lQ.~ ~ ~ 'fttSQ wt'lC<ll~ rn ~~tiSio{ f1l~""l1 I 'i!i~0{~t<.\1<i~ <!~ ~ ~~<t'fG~
~~1 ~~Ol~'4t~ \!it~e~ C9ffo1PiMO{r;<{I"
<iM""r<t'~e'1~J'!t~t~J ~tI' <t'~\!i C~ 6tlI~~ ~'\!i <\t~J ~C~ I
C9jf;\P1MC~ ~N<t't~"t <{I"t~<t'~ ~~ ~p.jC*'l I
'>'fi"l\!ii i!lt~'f 9f~'>'fi~ ~ii1 C<\t~ c'lj., C~, C9ffolPiM"I 'iSi<i~~ ~<i~ 1!{~~C9f~
~~~<{I" ~~~ ~ca; cwfil~, ~nr<\t~, <m~.,'8 ~iSi,fitC<t'~ Pl~. ~~ <ilt~~tfi:\!i1 ~tM~ I \~Q ~~tc<!~ C"lf~Mo{ O\~ ~Il, f<ll~ '1.~
C9ff;{PlMO{
~\!iJ~ ~ 21f\!i~I ~\!i~~ "lt~'1'>'fiC\!i
<iJtN~'Sf<i~<t'f~tt<i ~ ~M "l'l~~ O{I{~~~ ~t~ ~"tfil\!i (fol,@:!ltO'f)
O{~l5i~t<:.. Jft<lr;'1C'1fo1PTMO{
~~~~ I
<iJ<i~t~ <{I"~ ~'&<i ~C<i ~1, <{I"teiSi~~<;I~~ C~C<t' ~<;I"\7' 9f~~ C"If;{PlMO{ ~{ ~ wt~tQ<lt~ .,tc~., '€ c~~Jr;....c~ 9f~~tfflc~ ~ <{I"~1~'., I cwt~
~~ C<t't01'€ ~<\'lI<t1 ~'., 0{1I t~ ~ <;I~<;I J1tr;., ~'lC~tc~~ '1~ -e ~,,~~ ~<ilffl ~f;\"511l<il 9f<.\1~1 ~C.,O{ I ~1 CIf~tC.,O{C9ff.J.Pl~O\<it~'f

9fJt~"~'C\!i "'$tQ ~'€Ilt~ ,€I{t~t~ cwtt~ '€ ~t~ ~~'T'~~1 ~ f~ ~ ~~~ ~~ f;\fvf~ 9fRl"lt'1 ~t~ c'\"lto{ iSi7! ~?:~ '1I~t<ilto{<TiIl-C'1Rf1lfalO{
~e<r&ct1~~ <t'~C"o{I ~<;I\:)\7' J'!tc., c~tCQ '8 ~~ '1~<{I"~'iSt: ~01/~ <{~" CR ~~ c~C<t' iSiC"!~~C'U Dr;;;; \5ltt~ I ~~tC(j C9ffolPiMO{C<{\"
~"tt~'\!i ~~t'T'cm<t'
~Wf\!i~\!i <{JtN~<i.,I{<t' ( ~Jt~~Jt~fGRI~t.,) 9flftcf~ ~'1~"l'~ Iilt'\~ ~~~ C!l\!';<t'
fol~tPl\!i '€ ~t~M<t'~tC<\ ftC"ItN\!i <li~j~tl{ I <\\!i/~t~ C~'1~'(g9f~~C\!i
( <\~'€c<t'fil~) '8 ~t'l\!i~ '1~>fr1{~<ffG lft~t<\t~<li ~C<\~ct1<{I"C~ \!i~ •~~. ~fIIM,CO\Q~~ ~~ ~ ~If~ '1~?:~~~ 'T't~~tRl\!i1 c<t'to{ "11c~tOl 9f~tt~
~~f;t\!i1 ~9fO'ffii <{I"~O{
~<l~ ~<{I"e~tc~m'll'11 ~t~'& <iI~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ fo\~ ~C~ iSiC.,~~t<\'1 C~ ~ C'1~f'1Mo{C<liCiSi<l~t'\C'1 ~<i~ CiSi<i~<\'1 c'4r;<iIiSiC~~
<iJt~'Si"l<i"I{<{I"
"I1ft~fOlCI{
~<i'lj'ct1~~ <ilc<;\f~c.,O{
~1 ~'a>[ <iJt~~"I<i9\t~'€f~~ ~~ <it~<lt~'~tOlt~fi\!i <{I"~t~C'l')"t"! '€ ~t~C"lJQ '89f~ I
( B. Pyocyaneous) CIf~'Sft\!i'1iftf~\1 '8 c9ff.\"PrM~ I c9ff;{Pif.,O{~~ '!{~~ C9fR'PlMO{'1~~1~ ~C<i~cttQ~tflf 9fr;<t '1~~"J<li <iltC'ST<U<l~tr;Q~~"IC~tsn
<{r;a;f~ ~,€},jj '1~'€ ~C<\~<iI~ ~tC<t' ~c~ctt~ "Mlil{~ ~'1tt<l C<lC~f~~~ ''If.lP\f~cOl~ 9fRl~t'1 ~"! I5(\!iJ~I ~!l\l> ~~ 9f~'>'fit.,~ <f., c~c<t'~ C"lfOlf1lMCO\~
<lit~'1, C9ff;{PTfal" c~tC5ft~9ftif~ <irtf<t9f'1<iCIf~
-KC"lli <{I"r;~ ~t~~c~t~~~ "n{~~Qt'ltllf;\<li ~?:"l/~\!iC'4J~~\!iJ fol{tfi:\!i ~CIlC~I CQt~-fW<t'<:..~iIl
~'lI1f~'ltt<i
'€'1~ "Mli~1{1 ~ttO{ I ~tCIf~ ~CO{~t"l1 f~., C9ffolPlMOlC<{I"
~I{\!i ~~~1If C'lfilPlMCO{Sl
<iJ<i~~ ~'ft0{\!i R;§~ <{I"C~ C9ffol~MOl'<{ffl\!i
.,<l'1CIfSl(~df;'l ~<f
~9fClitsn <liC~ C\!it"!1 C~\!i 9fte<;\I cwRl~. wt~t~<it<li, "!tc~~ '€ ~~ft} ciRf-tMO{) <t'~<ilffl ~ctlf?:~(~ ~9f~ I "MC"t'lI If"l/~M' ~'., (~) C'1fo1PlMO{~fG\!i
~C<i'll'1t~~"! c!l\C'l'~~ f~~ ~~ c<it~1f*~~~ C~, C?!fo1P1f"!'1
\5{\!iJ~'!{~~~ ~ ~~ C~<\O'f~ l1'tt~-~"tfil'\!i~<\C't~ ~~f\!i~\!i (~) fo:lffl~'1ft~t(;'1~ '<1M ~
~'i!it)1 O{~Cli \!ij O{t~tl>t~j <liSle"!<l1 9f~~t~ ~Clltc~ O{~ ~C~ ~tr;<l; ~ 'ijitr;~ \!it~1 O\~ ~C~ lltl{, ( \:») \5{~-<t't~ '1lftf~1 (~~\5t~f'Sj~) Cl{"lO{
f<tc"t'll ,!{<i~t~ C9ff;{Pr~o{<it~'T' ~tfif-C"ltli<il ~t<\c'1~ "lCIfJC9ff~MC"I~ ~Il'l! '1n1:"lJt5ftto{~; ( S ) <{I"\!i~MIft~ Cli,\O{,\!it'l1, -lI'll "€ 9ft~j ; (¢ ) <{I"C~'T'

''>'fi"l~tC<{I"
m<il ~~t~ ~~ ~Il\!i '1fi1ji1l'T'C~ ~t~c.,'€ <;\t~ CliC'i!i9ftc~ I 0F1« ~ ~ C~.,( ~rt"!c~t~"! ) ; ~<i~ (~) <{I"~<t'
~tc~ <it'W~ <lJN~<\CIf~ C\f~ll!t\!i•
<lJt~~<l"!ll<t' 9fiftf ~m C~ "l,\!i'l *<ili'11 ~~'& 'T'~C"!O{'i!itC'i!i~ i~ ( ~o{'Sit~"l) 9fifttfQ l1'$~C<l '8 ~~~c{ C9ff'lPiMOl~\!i "!<iC~1 ~<ilt~<f~
~<f,~ ~fol~ ~~c~tfit\!it~ ~c~~O{ ~'~, ~t~1 'i!ij c9fCIl'€ ~~ I ~ Ol~ ~ ~t~I
~"!<iI~~t~ cwf1l~, "'$t~ ~t'€~~ ~~t~~ CW~ '€ 1St: ~c;(~ ~ ~~ <utN~<\CIf~ Cif~'\!i ~<:"c~<t' 9f1ft?:f~~~tt<1: C9ffolPlMO{
Ol~~I{ ~t,€l{t~
c"lfolPlMc"l<.l:"D"l<li
"!t~tOl <lJtR~<!.,~<t' ~'1I1"l/~R~tt~~ ~~ )<;ISi ~ ~ ~'4"l '€ ~lfto{ \5{'(lJ~tIll c"lfolPiMO{O{t"t'T'
<it'WQ <iJtN~<\m '1~~ ~~<.\

'i!it~ cO{tr;<i"!~i!lf ~)~~tr;<i , C\f'8~1 ~CIlC~I 'iSt: 'm!'c~ C\f~il '1 ~'i5r;~ ~C~ \!l<i':. ~\!iJ~ ~~C'Si C9ffolPrM"I-c9ftl{'<f,
~t<ictfG(;\!i ~·tml>
 '1'10 .
iI11 (\:J) '9fRPlMC'o{~ ~~l:jf\fi'~1 9J..~, ~'e> '€ 1J~ Clf~-C"~~\! "'!.~\! 9flftC{t
~tf'tc~ "'!.~~ "~I <lJ~"9i'1<l~MC~~~C~ ~
'fl;1! O{iI (8 ~<.!l~ ~~\ff<1l"~l 'If~~ <!JtN~1'1:Clf~'I~~JtfitC<I;SJ~<l ~
fol~O{ ,~~~ ~~~ O{~I
'1~ <fl~<\t~~ ~ I ~m '1:1Dt1!~tSl folcs
(t·) C'>fiilrSi ~~!l\~~ ( ~O{c~~-
'!ft~ '8 ~<lC't~ ~~~xf~'ei c9ffolf~Mo{.
C9ft~~ ~t<::'1 CqC~ C<!4t~O{
) ~t~ 9f~ ~ta CqC<I;S
C9fRPlM~ 'I~C~~ ~~c~tc~ c"tt~~ ~~ llt~ I (~)
~ ~~ <lJtN~<l}j"P\'~~ '8 ~<Pt\3~11,{ ~'1'fI("" <lJt9f~~tC'1: fol<fi! ~~
~ ~tc~ <I;C~ .9ft~~~Sl <£I<!~C9fRPlMO{-I:jq~~~JtN~<\C\fSl I5lt~t0{1<lC<i~~~
~Crni I c~ ~l\~ <lJtNWt~1 '5{~J~ C9fR~MO{-f\fi'~t~"<i, c9ffol~~~ .•
•• . ;iJ ~Cl.! C'>ffolPlMO{c<f
cifC~Sl1!CI:jJ~cm'f «'Sll DC<i 0{11- ( 'I ) ~'l~
~~C<i~ ~tcw~ ~Ri <.!lC«,<ltc~,qC1! <lt~, ~C\fif 1!C~J' 9(C~ ~~ '8 ~R lI(t!i1 ~h . +.:: ;::;
C1RPlMO{ 15l~ 'I~C~Sl 'lCI:jJClfC~~ <\t~cSi sc'-'! ~t~ I ~llfW cSlN 1151~~m
~~9ftIf~ 0L 9f~t'l'q;~t}j 9fr~'€c~cO{'f (Streptococcus Pyogenes),
~~ nf~r 9f~1{tc'1 C9f~~Mo{ ~c~tc'f~ ~Cl.!tllfo{~ I f'>fc'8~'I~-e C'>fRPlMO{
"to{ ~'\I-
~t'f, ''i'ffi ~~rtfif ~~9ftH ~JtNsf1<l ~tlft~C<it'fi~~t, '5{~}j (St!lophyloc
~ ,~<'l' f;lf\!i ~C~ 9ft~ I . . • ,
Aureus) I ~~~ <.!l~'$ <l;rtN~'1:CIf~ ~'St~ '1.<l C<lMi R~C~ ~~ 1\MClftCO{t~lt~t~\S"l~~ ~'lC\f~ 'lC~ C9ffo!PiMcO{~<fl<rto{
~~t, ~ <i ~c'l'tcO{l-
<l;Jt~~'l ~ 9f~t~~'l't}j R'@C1!tR~, ~'1~~~1 ~~9ftI'f~ ~rt~~ ~~R'lJt.t\l
~ ~ "Jt~~ig'<l~~ ~'lCI:j~ ~ll\f.~lIi ~ll, ~~ '€ CI'f~~C~~ ~~~ 9fiftcfSl 'l~~c-f <£I<I;~
~9ffQt~~, 'fJt}j'fJt~f~O{~~9ftlf" ~Jt~~<l ~}j~f~t1! '€c1,{ii\f~ ~f~f~
~~'lCif~ 'I~~mc<I;SJ ~llf~ O{g ~ ~t1,{,f<Is~<£I'1<\ C~ c9fRPlf<iC~ ~~\f-
<£Ic\S~~O{'f, 'fr;rt~1,{i ~~9ft\f~ 'lJtN~'l f;qPl~1,{i fto{~~ <£I<l~
C1!Ro{~~~
• ~ 1'5{~f~~~ ~"fi I ~C;Sl C"4~«if't«'tC\f~ '8~ C9\f;!PlMCO{Sl
c~to{'8 ~'St<! 0{1
"~N~~~~9ftlf~ R}jP ~~1 c1!fO{O{~~$'l..T;t'~'l'C~\S~\1' '8 <£I~;HICO{\1'
~~
~;t~~ ~'<i \!)t~ ~'ll~\fi'~t~ I5l~J~ ~~t~o1'Il.! C<lrt~J I c'>ffolPlMo{~JtNi9!'1~cifSl
( food poisoning) ~~9ftH mNsfI'l\1'l ~~t~ <l;JtN~<lCIf~ "I~ ~Jlj
~ Qjtfilcl.!~tcifSl 'I~~~ <i' "fiC~, '5\t~ C"4~<I;Sf't~ ~tcI'fSlI:jq~~ <l;iC~ ~ 'i(~tl.lI
C9ffolP1MO{-f~t~~<i O{i ~C~-e ~WfSl .e'>f~ C9ffolPlMco{~~~t<l '5ltC~ I
c'lf.WlMCo{~
~9f~ "fitc~~ <!JtN~~C\fSl 9fC'lli1{tSl~<I;SI
«,C<iSl1,'!ft1(C~t'f <£I<I;~<l~1 ~~9ft\\~ t <!Jt~~~l c~tc~~ C9fAPiMO{-fdpillr,~
~tQjfil«' m~'t~ ,"!~ 9fm~ - C~-'I1{~ ~~l.! ~'l\f ~'Itc~ '9ffol~MCO{~
o{l.!-~cl'f~ '8'>f~C9ff;!PlMcO{~,«'to{ ~'St'1: 'o{~ I «'tc~~ C9ffolPlMO{
~~~~
~~tfi1\!i1 R:~~ ~1!tf't~ ~C~~~ \!ltC\f~~ii\1 C'l~ 9ft~ "~~ ~tDtO{~~" I
O{l.!<£I<I;~
~r~ f\fi'm~~Vf <l;JtN~<I;llft~cSlt'f ~t~l '5{~t~ c~t'f fo{<l~c't ,~ ~"'1{ I
I!l 1\~ 9f~t1,{ «,~«,~M ~~C«' <flqC~.f~~1\ ~Jtfi1~<\ ml.! <£I~'S~ ~€t-
15l~«'t~"t <!Jt~~')<\ R<I;~""<I;S
(I5lJt~C~9f$~) 9flftfSll-ClI1!o{<l;St~M~ 'IOtPl.-
i\t~ «'~1 ~l.!~tc~ 'lCqt'>f~ '8 'I'l'a'{ Wf'l'~1\1 O{i"fi~C<i<{JtN~<\ii\~~ ~~~M
<!Jt~~<I;CI'f~ <.!lc«,<I;tc~C"lC~ C'l'C<if<l;~ c'>ffo!fJ1Mo{C<I;S<I;ii\"I~
'\!itclf~ ~~ flI1lI'f1;
f.ro5l1.1!tSll 9fC~ I cwt~·-e cso{ <£I«,9f'M ~~~ foI~ ~~1! ~tc\f~ m~~<\-
I5lft<:,C~ CS1t~"( <\Jt«'ffl~'€-~t$«') I '9fRP!MCO{~ ~'St<\ <l;Jt~~'lC\f~ ~ ~
~i?r~;t'I~ "fiC~ fifca'{O{
I ~Jt~srr<\-~g 'I~~ ~~~~MSl cifc~ cSlt'f CIf~l nt<i I
~(~~m \!i1 <£I~'8 ~~g'Stc~ ~tO{l 111~f.f1
,~tl'(t~t~ ~~~~MC~ *<\'l<'l'Sil <:5{t<\t~~'~tc'f ~t'f «'CSl C9ffii:PiMO{fif~ <£I<I;S
'f~'l~ ~q1{ fl'fC~ f~t~~ C'>ffolPiMo{
<\Jtflisft<I;C\f~-ClI1!o{~ 9f~~~ erc~~fuf'l'~'ll ~lf ~~C<io{~ ~~ ~t'f~~ ~~~MC~ ~~1 wf«'~'Itl.l \!ltm
-~NQ!tfil~~~ if"t<itc~ <£I<;i
'St'f (~·~,ooo,ooo ) ~i<i "lt~ (igt~M~"!o{) ~ 'itc*~ '8'>f~ C~c~ fifC<io{I Of~ ,'fa'{ '9ffo{PlMO{fDf«'~Pl~ ~c~J<I;Sffl~~~ c~cs
~~ ~'1 ~<i 1!t~ <£I~ ~'f C9\f;{PlMO{C"I"Ito{~<I;<I;S.
c~ ~'f~~ ~ 'fftc~ ~~ ~0{1 Wf<f~Pl~ ~C\!)J«,~ ~~~ \!)t~\f~ 0{"4~ C\f~ ''l'CQ'{ 9f~C<itc~
~Cl.!~~ I f«'~ 9fC~9f~~ '<l;SCSlC\f~l c"!<i, ''>ff;{f'l~o{Sl~ ~q1! <\J~ ~ ~ fu~c~ I C'>ffolf'IMo{
~~ <!'t~<I;St~~i<£I~~tc<\ ~t'1 «i~C<iI .
f;{~t'l ~~ ~Cig~~-CilitSl 'lC'fJ "t\!i'fiSll <£1«' CqC"fi ~'~~ "Itill '5lt'f<i C."
~ ~ *~~'ltSl C~\Ji ~""t~ '1.~<i~'<i 'lt~'l 1 'l~~~ '81!!0{~~C~Sl'€1!!co{~
~<i, ~<fI ~~ ~tif! 9f~'lft<iifi ~~c"tt~~ ~CqJ~' ~"tc<\ c'>ffolPl~cO{~~'f
~ '21~ R50{~tllftS1 ~'1 C<\MI <!'tCl;f~~t~ 'ifC~ Cif'ltSl1!~ ~'>f\~ '>fRI"ltc'tSl
fttl¥tl.lif"! ~ 9fts c«'t$c~ <.!l<l;S
15t'f I
c'tfolf-lM'lR'lfit~\!) ~~C~ ~~«' 'It'l C'fC~ c'f<i I «'~~ 'It'l 9fC~ ~t~C~Q CifC~ "l\~
C'>ffolPlMCO{~
m~foI«' '€ <\Jtfli~l<\~~~ ~'tI:j1!""'I"P\'f<t;~ *<Pl'lt~ 'It1f
'(~ ~clltc~Si ~9flJ..~ '>fRt:'4tc'1C'>fR~Mo{ foI'</it~~ ~'lt~ 9f~ cSlt'ft~ ~t~c~Sl.
'~t~ ~~I:j~m~ C<\RCgJSl '>f~C~'ll''l8'fC<l~«'c'ft~ <l;SCSl~C<io{
I C9fRf!;fa!COIl
f5r~\'i1~i1' ~'<i I R~1'f C9fM~Mo{ <flc~t'f <I;SC~
*<\~<I;S~l'5lt'"\~S\i9f <f<i c9fC<io{:
f~tSl "fi~«'ffl .~1:It0{~'1 ~'<i-( ~ ) ~t~ ~~I:jf~~tl.l ~~~ '€ '5lW~ ~ij)f
~,~ 'IfC~Sl'€"t~ c9ffolPlMcO{~ClI~O{
c~tO{-e~~-f~~1 cO{~,C~1!fo!~t~c~~ C'ifC~-e~
~~-C<l;ii\'ll''t Cif~ Oil.! 0{1I (~) ~~Sl c"4~~f'tm1 <.!l<\~
"fit15~ c~·
C~O\~~~-c<\<i'll''1~~ ~CSl O{iI
'1.g C~~C<'l'tll-~ii\tSl"fit"'DtSl '5{~~\3 qtC"fi I <\Jl~~<\CIf~ ~N ~1!l'lt~ ~ C9fR~MO{C"fi~'~«,1!~~ <\J<l;~~ «'~1 ClIC~ 9ftc~ I ~q1!~ C"fRPlMCO{Sl
~ C15C~ "fiC~~ ~ ~'1 C'1:M 9fBl1!t'1 c9fRPlfa1cO{~'I~~c-f ~'fi.
t':f1Rl«' ( intra.venously ) f'f'lll I5lt{g:c9\ofr<tl(intra.muscular) ~~~c~t~
<Wl~ ~Sl O{i <£I<\~"fit!> 9ftcill~ cm«'-m<\'l'>ftM~ CIf~c~t~clf~ ~
~
saot?;~ 9ftc~ I ~ '5f?;<t 12l~~t5t '<f~?;aotC9(RPlMO{· ~~?;~~ ~~C~-
It] ~~·ms~ '1"11:1

CQt5t'itg ~,"t~"fa!?;~ c"l~ ll~ I ~5't ~?;~t.;f ,,~?;~ ~?;..{C<lM 9(~'t{tt'1 fif~f;l~ $1\~Jto{ c'1t~r~l; ~9(~Pr~ I ~~ C'i'ft~ '5lt"ltIf1I '1lrtiSi<tJ<\~t~
c'1I5{\!i1c\!i
f\!iR '1t~",1 ~",iSfC~,~t?;l;"lf;{ I 1\\!iJ'O(ts!<tI'~O(t'Q
'1Rfi~aot'5{t~~t~
~"f, f<rs~~~t?;~tm '€ "~O{ c~tc"f~C'1RPlMOf'cif<tt~ ~ ~5't '~~r"f-~ ~'i(

'i~iSf ~'1t~ I <tJt~~'1<l~~ >ff~ C9(RPrMC"l~ <l~ ~c~t"f ~'ar c9(

1f~ "I~t'W'1~~'1~ ii"tC<t>'Q
ll'''t ~f~~t?;'1~ ~'f Pllltff~~ ~'1Jt~c" ~'1 fijc~ f5R

~~ ~'1t~ f'f~ <ltQ(~cmc"f ~5't ~c~tC"fQ CI)c~"!lCO{"c<tM 9(f1l~tc'1 c, ~ ~m~O{ I,~~~ ~"t "Pl ~"tr"COf'Q C"t~ ~<l"l <.!l<l'C"tt'6"l'l~"j~C<l5C'<t5~~C'Q

iRl:"tS{~~ I >ffC~~~C~J" '3{~c"t C9fRPlMO{ c"lT~tOf~ <11~~C~ 9f~~ ~. ~ ~ar~~Sl @9\wt'l I "t~;frfU '1~J «l;"lts\""ntc~t~ ~9\~ 9(t9\,~ c~arc?t, ~t~
~c~tc"f~ 'it<l'71Jf;{\BS{'fCS{<.!l<l'C9(RPlMo{C~ >ffC~~~C~J" "!l,C"t ~folf~ ~~ ~c~n~'1~'!t~~'f ifMaot, "3It~'f~f9t, ~<lc'Q~ "ft*~S\" <l5t1;1~"f~1, ij~9f~

c"lTc~ cif~t~ ~ij] f<lC"tlllf~CO{s{

"!lC~t9('6tc~Q~c~tiSfo{~~ I ~ I \!it~t~1 ~tSl "t$lR<t> "3It\'l<t>Mf'1
f~'lC<t \l;9(wt'l~R ~fol ~"'Q ,,~

~" ~c<t ~c~t"f "s{c., C'1RPlMCO{~9f'ft~ '1t~~1' ~~ "!l~J~ ~\h ~fl <fCSlC~o{,
~f;{ Jt~~tPf'f <uf;e; I Vicomte d' Archiac-.!l~ "lt~ 1"tf'fcO{~

<l~ ~~tcS{t"fJ '€ ~t;;H~?;i¥ 'C\f-e~1 c~tc5t c9(RfFlM"l~ <.!l~~t~ R~~ I ~ 1f'~ "!lC~ '5tC<l1lI~~ I f~fol ~rQ ~f~~Q 'l~<l5t~ ~C'lC<l~~C~ 'i~~

R<lHC'1. <.!l'Q
"t~<Hf1l~l 'i~C~ '1Rl<l'lS{<li¥<t~ '1~~"tt.,t~ ~C9T1QJC~
*<l~'t1 DCilt~ ~m\!i ~C<'lo{I ~~ ~~ <.!l" ~~'t~ C~ ~R iSi<ltR \l;9jwt'i~f;{c~ $~~ ~~C~

''!It''t1,,~~t~ "!l'lQ~fq:1JJC~CS{fC"fCff~C'ftcllQ>ff~'€ ~~~~j C9(RPrMCO{\'I<ife ~ Ol'll$1\'lJto{"!ltSl'€"t~'1 ':f~C1lC~o{I ~tCiJf~ @9\~fijc~ ~'~Q f<1~~~ CU@ ~~O{

~ ~C<l- C'i ~C<l>ff~fi9i~I ~ c*~I d' Archiac C'l~ @ifts\"~tCiJfS\"~~~RN I SJtSlO{t~1

cs{S'ft~ <.!l~ ~-

MOlt'f'1"1tar<lCilfJt9(tml
~~ ~moTl~'€c~tC'1~S{t~~O{~~ 9\~C<l~"tQ.!l<t>~~S\"t"f\!i~f~~R f~'lc<l ~~~'1

'1~"t'1~ :-Nature : January 8,1944, Vol. 153, Prof. H. W. Florey, fll ~~~~ ~tSl 9j'C~~ 'l~<t, C'IN" cQfC<l5
~9\wtPr'f $'l~Jt"l 'l'l'~'8 ~C~~O{ I f~f;{

F.R.S.-Penicilin, Its DeveloPII?ent for Medical Uses. ~Sl <!lt~ <.!l~ '1~J~ ~1<l~ "C~ ~C"1CiOf~, ~~ <lJfe;~ 'lltc{'Q 'i,'<lt~ I5lt~

Science and Culture: August and November, 1945. m~'i'fS\" ~~c'Q <.!l~C"tts~ "j~J'Q~'lif ~.•.~C"l ~<l 0f1, <lSl, C'Ifij<t>C~"f PlC"~'1
ffiil ~aj~ "Sl1 ~C<lI ~~~., ~",iSfC~~C<l~-ec~t~~ ~f~~c'iS\" C'l~ iSfffl"l~~"'t~~ ,
11m I ~"tJ~C"l'Q ~t~~1, ~t<ltC<l'i'f,~ts{ ~f5~~ D' Antes-~~ ~~0{1 C'l~tco{
~ ~~ f;{fif'S~, ~f~~t'l~ C'l~tc"l Of~<fSI •~t~ ifM'lif, ~<lC~ <l5t*iSfs\"~'f~ts{
~l{J ~'8C~t~~ ~~~tc'l~ C'l~ ~ffl~t~!fI "!llfJt~C"f~f;{ ~q~ "''Q ~C<'lC~O{ I
'l~J~ '<lIfU'ft~~C'l~ I5l'1Jt~I ~f~~tc~ 9\ff~t~O{t'l~~O{~-e,S{t9f Ci9iC"f@C~,~ I
Death of ~ Poet-Leonid Grosman, Hutchinson ~ifj ~'~qts\"~~c<I~"5ltnt'llrtRl~ \l;'f'ittsr~~C~ I <I~ «CH IfQ'!Of1
t;"l c'i'fC~, O{~Of
Authors ltd., 10-6. ~lft~1 i9ir~C1l~aotc~ 'lt~1 ~'8Ht9jC"f I ~~~ 'It:!ltlllJ<lfcif'Q
~~ ~C~C~ Oftf~t'l I

, 'i~J ''!It'Q "$l"l1-~f~~tPr" ~'1ijJtc'!~ <.!l~ ~ \l;'1~<lJ I .Jrf!i~tPr" @9fIA C'fI!I~~<llftSltSlPlll'C~ C"t~ 'l~1ttc~~ 'llfij] <I~9(Rl'f'Q ~C~C~ I ~fitll~ ~~O{t~~

'Q'6"lt~ ~R ~~'1 ~C<I"l,<.!l~ ~~ @'1'~<lJ ~JtRl~"f ~~ <l~'Q ~~ 9\\'I~ '!fu<\C"t<€ 9(Ci¥C~ '1t~ I ~tc~~ ~~,~-~~'1 l;ar~<1 "src~, @;;~~"l ~~ \l;c~c~
C"ft~~ ~if ,,~C~ C'i~ 'if~~"1 ~"f "!lt~~R <l5~C~ ~C<lI ~f~~Prf ~~~ Olt~t~Sl',"!l~ C'l~ \l;~~Of ~ ,,'C~o{~"l ~<l'1t~~ \l;~~ <.!1~~~~ cl!l9t

\l;9\Wtc~ 'It('f~t'€ <.!l~~tcOl~Rf~ I f"f~ C<lfit~ I5t"f ~9(ijJtPl"f~ <.!l~~ttif ~~ 5t~1 fm \l;~c~ I ~tSl1 ~"t st~ 0{1,st'll 011'1"9ff<:8-.!l'f 'llt~O{ "!.~ iSi"'r<lC01Sl
'llr.~

<.!lC'!
lftWi C~~C~01, PrN"1l'5 C~C~ C*~ I If"'~tfir'f 'i~ti9i<lJ<l~ stC9\ f~ ~ Ptc~~ I ~~ <.!l~'1f~i>!c~~tPl~/\!i ~C"1"l~J~\'O( I

~C~ ~tS{1 15l\!j'1~~f!i~C'iS\" 15l~ ~farc~ ~t~,ci¥ C<l~C~c~O{, "!l<l<'l~"l'{~ 'tt 'lm~ <l,C"t ~t~ '!If'JfI ~~~'lj~ (r) Qf~t~C<!l~ ~C\!it~ ~~~ f;jc~arT'l ~aot"l

~tl!l~ "!ltS{ '!t~0{1 CSC~C~Of I <.!l" <l5Q,/f~,

'1i>!~;ft ~O{t~fs~~ 9j~S~ ~ ~'~~"'1,
~tiSf'l'5t~ ~R ~"l c9\carO{
I f<tl~ 'l~lf~c" RC~ ~~ "It''fRl,,~fs f~R

~~ ~Ciis{ ~~~tPr"f ~9(wt'!~MC~ "$lO{t~ ~'1t"l ~C'.l &~C~I ~~~t'f ~ ~S{C~ 9jt~C"1"l"l1, f~R ~i>!", c"tt~~ ~~'1'l1 cl!l~sr ~~9(rJj I <lt~cO{S{

~~~ c~t~'Q ~\!i1 ~tclf ffi'1C~ ~t~, ~<l~ ~C~ ~~C~ '1tc~R i \!its\" ~~t'1 s.-.~ f~R ~~1JJC~'Q ~~ ~ciSf~tcii~ ifC"l'<lI·ff9jC'lI
'1i¥Ci>!O{
I >ff~~ 'ltmiSfJ<\tiff'f~

\l;'1ijJt'l I If"l~Qls{l5l'lt~, I5l<lJ<tl1C~"f 9jfMc~ f5fOf ~1fJ~"fS\"~~~tc1\~ c ~~ ~~ar1 0{1I "~'Q <llf;e;~~ iSi'1<lO{
Pl~~~ ~C'lI ~~{a11I iSitc~~ CarT"L9(
~~

~t~ ~lCiSfC~o{,
~~'10{c~t~tCiJf~ ~~if ~c~~ I \!it~ ~R ~~~tPr"f \l;9(wt'l ~ ~"'r'Q \l;9('Q, 'ltmiSfJ<ltc~ ~tc~ ~~ D' Antes <.!lrt~ <.!lc'1l~
~CllC~<!?;1;,f'f~ ~~~t'l ~C~ W~C\!i9jfc~R I I 'e ~')~"l ""L~~ <l5~ I ~~'1t'll 9\*"!.~~ @~"11 Ml;t'l/'1~ '1~iSi I ~t~~
~\'I ~~~~ ~<I, C"Its~~ 15l~ I "tt'l"f <.!l~Q,/fC"l~
R~~ ~"l1"l1; "j'5
 '1'18
]
<1'>~C<l5 ~nt 9!t~Mf'1
'1~tOf clf~tc~1 ~Ul~ <1'>'41, ~f~h C'M~R The Road to the West: Sixty Soviet War Poems. ?hOse~ and
l~t'1"~{~ ~~~Q ~<1'>~~ ~tc~ ~~f~ <i'~1 C~t.ca11
I "It~~ ~1{fO{ sla.ted by Alan Moray Williams and Vivian de Sola Pm to wIth an
~~'ft~~ ~~C'.ji ~tQ ~~ cm~1 <liQca;1I duction by Janko Lavrin ..
jtliro .
lC'51Q9fftlc~~~ ~"tf~c~~ ~f~~1 ~ l)ft:c~ ~c~'1~ ~1IJ'tO{
'f1l~~<li 'Pli'!01~J~~1~~ <litc~ ~~ ~C~ ~C~C~ I fufol ~~
0i~~~ ~t~~J, ~c"l~ ""CSlC'ltf~'C~~<f~~j 9f~C~ ,~~ ~'!01~t., ~~ ~~ ,tf,

~~ ~·C'1 ~~c~Of, ~tc~~;ft C'4C<liW'€' 5t~C~ I ~~ ~~ ~

'ltlf "'tca1~ C'I~tc~ ~c~ I <l't~'1 ~~'lttlf ~~\!itSl 'fl~j ~~~ ~~~ '1tlS~1 ~t"
:: ~9ffi;'1t~'lI1~t~ 0{1; l.!l<l~<l'~~tr.~ ~~ IS <(,€,<lJtf\!i '1fi<fi~ ~ 9\'Sl~ ~\S~-
~tOf ~tOf~~~ 'l~Of C9fn!C~, ~t~~ '!01~ f;{c~ ~~"t~ftl'll ~~ ~
~ ~~ ~ f<ls'~1;\!i~
,Of~I. 'f~\!i~ ~tf~~1 ''l'4tco{~ ~mO{ ~~<{J l.!l~fi; ~C<{C~Sl
fol~t~~ ~Of*~ ~~ ~~ f~n!C~Of, \!itclf~ ~'49ft~ ~c<) ~C~~ I
~ f'tr.~ '9fTc~Cl)I <:!I~<it'CfRi
~llft~ ~"tlf ~~ Cll, ~~ ~tl'~tt<t> <ltlf N1;'.l ''ll<{~
~-:c<t>th ~tc~ ~ Qt'4C\!i 9ftc~foll ~~~\!i')<l' ~fo\, ~~ ~~-f ~
~~ ~C~C~OfI f<1;~~ c~1 ~~ l)Ric~Q ~<l' N<f I ~ NC<l'~~ ~~tlrl
~C~~ 9fI1Sm mI l.!l~'1<l'~ C'l:l'C~ <\'€'<tJ llfiT ~ '1~.m'l, Clf"IC~, ~t~
:,,~:~ <5{~<it'Clf
~~MC<tl <5{C~~ -'l~~ ,~<{~ 'It~ ~tlS~ti!li <tC~1{COf~~ ~'C<l' I
~~ ~f;{ ~~tc~ 9ftC~Offo{
I f~f.! \!it~ <l't~~ ~~ it<t>t~
RiSl~ 1{~tOf ~f8~ ~~ f~t'l'lt~~ <l'C~C~Of, <fUlC~Of ~f~~
The Road to the W est-l.!l ~~'l:tclfSl l.!l~ iSlt~"1~Clf~ ';j~ l.!l1{Of
Of~, ~~
~t~Wj~tt<! ~~<{tlf ~*!l~ Ul~ ~~ clf I!l~~ 1{Of'C<l'
~ Clf~0{11 "Wait For
1{<{J~\S~<l'"1"~1 ~ ~~<fI~ ~~'5l ~~1l <l'Ul c~ca;c~ I ~f.{
~')31\!if 'lr.~-S ~~~ l.!l<t>~W~ i.~fol '1co{~,
Me" <!{tc<{C~Sl ,~t'lJtltPf'Si' ~~~
C9\ta;tt~Sl ~f~ 'l~r;~lfOf1,\!it iSltO{ti1~fol, <l~~ ~t~ 'l'l~OfSl ~W
'flC~ ~tc<t> C'IltC1{Cc5'Sl<5{t~\!itSlDfC<l'; f<l;~ Elya Ehrenburg-<.!I~ "The
CI5~ ~<{~ <t>~ClfQ~w~tfiT~t~ <l'CW~OfI ~<l' 1%f;{ ~toi'TSl'<{J~~
German" f'll VasiIy Zakharchen~-~ "In the Garden" ~ ~t~ <{~
<{Ca;~~<(C~Of; ~~t~~, ~~~j I.1lC'l~t~ 5fii~C<l' ~t~ <ml c~a;~ I
~~tc~ Clf~ t(t~ ~~<{tlf Of~Of ~~~1 ~C~ \ft~~c~, \!i~ f.l\S~ '1"" foIC'!01Sl
'1C~C~ ~tSl I ~~ N-'ltOfC~ '1ft!5~ ~t~ ~tt<!J, ~t~ 5f<{C~ '1fii"lJ::~~
'9\'C~~ I ,
~~utOf De Barante IS Jules Duverries-~~ '!01<lt0C~~C'l~ 9fnSl til
c<lit~~ ~~~~ ~f~"t~J ~C'Ifol', f;{~c~ ~t)t~~ f~f;{ <l'C~r;~Of
I
I!{'C~C~<lC~O{C'lif~~~ <tl~~~ ~t'lt~Pr'SfC1{Sl ~~Of ~~Jlf' ~m~ I ~~
. C'lt~~ <{l~~tSl ~~~ ~t~t(.S""-WlPfC~ '1c~1 ~W ~~~~ "I<\f<{J<i~tSl
<15~~tSl
~~t'l'4tfo\ ca;~r.<liSl~f~~'1C~tClf If")~I f<li~ f~fo\ '1~J ~<\~ ~~
'!{tr.~ ~<t><{tSlOf~o{ <{lCst ~<\1 lf~<t>t~I ~~~~ ~t'ltlt<fi <l~C~ ~t~~
~f~tSl <l'SlC\!i'1tc<{O{f.l
<(C~~ '1COf~ I ~f\!i~tt'1~ ~1% 1{'1~~ <t>6RK1I
I.1lC~<ltC~'4~ ~C~ C~C'1C~O{-.~~ ~~ ~~'.ji ~c~t~ I ~~ ~9fWt~
m~ 'ltf~~J "ll9;(f<t:a;t~,
'<{lf~t~~t'1, .,t~t'l-C~~i '1'1i'Si.~~~\!it ( C"t~, <lt~~'1)
~ ''1~~ <5{{-s~tC'l1 ~tPfC'fl~ '1C!Jf<5{tr.~ Oft5ffil<f ~~~~ 5~~~i (C9fl9f)
C<l5t~tlSlftOfjC~Clf~~~ 9\-h!fof, 5fii~~M~ ~~ ~<ltSl ~r:~t~ ~f.i I dI
~, ts:ltPl<l' <l'ta;l)~ (~t~ ~to{/~) l.!lSl~~t5 I C'l~C~~ ~t~~JSl ~tt~
G9\~t'1 ~fO{, <l'~Sl c"t~ ~<lCO{Sl 1.1l<t'~<\<;{r.'1 9\~<{Pf~ ~c~~ I ~~
of Paris l.!l<\~Ro~d to Calvary-C\!) 'l\!iJ <t'~CO{1
<l'~ ~tt'SiJ 5~tlS ~,f' cm1ftJt<li-~tPr<fi-l.!l'l<l'~ ~t)~~
~lltr.~~ ~~ <\J~Sl f<lc~~
"t<\f'1Sl~~
'Of~, ~'lm
;.<fitQ'1 l.!lSl<l't~tc~1 WlPr<l', l.!lmOf
C<llf~t~~t'l 'Of~, ~~ '1'11h ~~
~t~ ~QC~ 5t~ foI, <\Sl~ ~tr.lf~ ~~C~~ fiI~COf 1{~t<t>tc<\nl~~ ~~ I
'~'1, 'ltOfPf<fi ~~J I <5{"t~'1C'l:I'
~C\!i <:!IC~ ,~t~(.S<fi ~t~~J, ~tc<{~'1fu~ '~I
1{CO{
~, Death of a Poet-~~ C'1~"" ~'1~Wl<l' fi~ <{J{ i
~t~tJt~·~tPr<l' ~~tcO{ ~~ Of~~ ~:q1;"Sl 1{CllJ~C'l ~~~ ~ ~'11{/~~~ ~C~
f<f~ l.!l~~~ '1c~~ ~~~ ~<ftSl ~SlC~ ~<{ elf, Jtf~~tfr!<1'>~9fWtc'l1
~~ ~r.~ c~~ I C<fitCOfi
~<l'ff; f<{C~t~
~t9f ~r.\!i ~tc'11 "l~ I f
~tf<il~ N<li f~f.! ~ca; fmc~~ I ~~COfI lfM~, ~~'llMrr, ~<ir.~~
~<H~1 ~~ Nf.! clf-<litfioft ~f'SfC~C~Of~~ ~~Of<{~ l.!l<l~~~~1 'l~tc~Sl ~'C!Jfl~ ~~ C~tf8C~~ 'lt~~J ~~" ~<15fi;'1~\!il ~'8 <15Cst~ C~,

~~ <l'C~~ I ~1%~~ 'f1l'lt~fil" 9\ft!c<\"t m C'Sit'11~<(~ ~t~~ ~~

C'lt~~ ~~-<l'~~~ ~t'1.f"<fi 'ltf~~JSl ~<lifi;o{~Of9f~ Clf~1~C~ <{~.,mI <15tSl'1

~9f~tr.'1Sl ~c5~1 <15r.Sl~01

I f<f~ ~~"1\!i ~m~ i!lifilr.\!i l.!l~ ~~ C'ltf'8'Cl.l~~'.ji-<fi~~1 <:!Icf '<f<{~~t~ ~~<15t~")Of<l'~~ Of~, ~m~,~~~1 I ~\!i

~~"1'C\!iSllfM~-~r;~r;~Sl l.!l~-~ ~~11 ~t'lt'ClfSl "tf&~,) fiMjm ~ ~t~ ~ l.!l~1{~~~~ ~C~lf ~~ ~r.~ ISC'~ ~~Of~~ lC'.ji~ ~~~~~~ ""~~t~MC\!i

<:!Itf~ ~'c., ~t~C~J~ C~ ~~~ ~C<{ \!itr.\!i'1'Cilf~COf~ I

Clf~ Jft~r~15
~he Road to the West
C~~ ~~t9f, '€lC~C~Slf<l'C~~, ~Ml.lt" '~~'C<fc;-r<;{
'1~~co{Sl <l'~CIf~ ~~
1{~'1 9f~11IOf
I
~'.jiC'lf~1 9f"5tC\!iOf~, ~'C~
~~~ I ~~ ~~ ~O{l!.~, \!it~ ~Sl ~~~ C'ltf'8nl1; <l'~C<l' ~~'lto{ ~Cstf.!, Of~
 ,,]
~'l'f';~~\'l ~~~ i:5~R~ <t'~~~\?iI <2t~ <ff<l~t~ \!ltijC~ Bolland & Tagor:. Edited hy A. Aronson & K. Kripalani ( Visva-
~~~i1f C<2tPl<t'
~"lC<f'8\!l~ \~ ~~ ClfNC~C~C~: l1arati, Bs 3f8 )
Blood must be shed to-day
And showers of lead must fall ~Q,\C<f C"l~ ~~ji ~"rt'~' ~~~~ ij~~"O{ I ~~ ~ ffi"li'{ \!l~

So that from earth again may spring the flower. tf l~~f~f;lfur ~O{ Cif'8~l-CO{'€llt~ij~tcf ~~~t'l <1l~ ~C~ 9ft'8~ O{l C~"l-e,
G
(Clt9f-I!lM~t~ '1~'ff~~ Cll'1~'ltO{f<l<f
. '!{t~~-'1~to{ '!{i1f '1~~-cs'gl \!l"c\Rf ~~CO\~
(Vasily Zakharchenko : In the Gard~n ).
ltI'tt'1ifclft$~t~ ~fml~<'I, ~t'i'{ '!{t~M<t>'1fi1l)~ <1l~ ij~li.,cO{ '!{tr.~ I '!{t!..M<l'
,
<1l~ Cl)~"ltt~~ ci!t~~~ ~~-"<f~~nr ~~~~ f~fe, Cll'~~~f%~ '!{'Stc~
Jl~ ~C~ C~, <1l~tcO{C~<1"l 'i'{~~O{t~C"<f'''l~l ~.,~t~ f5~~M~ 11.Nr~ ~C'llC~;
~~-<t'~\5j-~ ~CIii~~o{ 4~~~ O{~ <0l11.c~ ~t~mfol£~ 4il<{fij~ I \fa'!
~e~9\C"l'i'\ i:5\Sif-~~J\S~ oi1 ~t~ 'i'{""HFl'I~O{tCQ,\'i'{
'lt~P1~ ij'n ~~ \S~~
Cij~C~~ ~~-"<ff<l~1 ij~~~ ~!..l'f ~C~ ~~p~ C4~C~, ~t<:\ 'O{f~<l"~ ~1(
."<ft~'1 ~~ ~~ ·'!ltc~ ~~ C~~, C<l'<{~
folc~~ ~~ "I~, ~<{COl~ ~f~ I ~ lf1l<ft~~ 9ft~c<\'~ ~tc~ ~<! 'l~~ ~tc~ '1~19fCi¥OIlI -~~ Cll Ni"t clfit! ~O{

Janko Lavrin ~c~c~O{:"W e are beginning to learn that even hatred ~~~ . ~Oll~ '1'i'{~C'i'{'i'{
'1C~ 9ffilfb~ ~<{t~~C~~ PlM~ ~~~c~O{, ~i O{~;
~~}j~J~~ lfJt-l~~I'i'{'!{~~-'i'{~~ C'!{~O{
~~"tC"<f~~~"ltcQ,\'i'{~~ '!lt~'g ~filc~~<'I,
can be creative, providing it is d~rived from an Intensely creative and
active love." C'!1(R ~~~O{N'8 9fP'D~-ij~J~t~ ~~~ lft"lr."<fC~CO{f;lc~ '!lt~ttlf~ ~'~')ll-~')<{r.O{
~"l~ i:5c~tlfCo{~ ~~ij-'l~ir.O{ \!lr.'1~C"lo{ 'i'{.,~t~ "l'~ ~t~ ~c~t~tr.~~ ~tc~ I
'!{t~ttlf~ 'S~W-<{Citf~t~~"\-4CQ,\~lft<f)-,!{~!..'lt~1!19l~ lftRr'tJ-"l~ <{t~~ J(~

~~~f-t~~ ~~,C<{ f<l'~ The Portrait-<1l~ ~~O{~~~1' 9\q;<{t~ 9\~ it<ft~ ~~

-Jl~ c~t~t~ ~~$ 9\ti"<fClf~<l'tt~ c<{1<f~~ '!{t'i'{'8 O<9\'g~~ ~~C"l ~t., ~~ I

~C<! Cll~t~ filO{111<{C~C~"I ~1 ~ <f ! ( ~iitC~ ~~j ~r<ll~Oltt~~ 9("<J1"~~'!~~~ .<f.C'i'{\S~1Cll <{~/~to{ '!{<{~t'll'1'&~~'llR
~W ij"P(tlf<t>~1~ ~~t'i'{ ~C'i'{C~O{,<1l~~9\ijjt01t9f~ <1l<l'~'i'{<jij
~'8~t~ Cll
\!l~ Cl( ~~~, ~I<!CO{~ ~f~ ~t~C'll~ ~f~ ~".ft'l, <1lC~ c1ft~c~~ ~~'!tt.
~~ ~<Sfl1Tl'5t<!tc<!c~i'\ ~~'T~1 CQ,\C</i
~ffifCll ~CllC~ ~1 -nt, 0{~0{ ~'Jl' ~Cl,(C~I . ~~~~ dQ,\r.<t> c~ Cij~l ~i'\~ ~{~C~O{ ~"·HI~~"lttQ,\'i'{ f~O{~ <\'CQ,\t9("~~

1l~0{~~Ci'\~ ~t<!J O{t0{1~c~~ W~ "t~<ft~~'(3', Plfo{P1~...

"\-~<Sffsr~, <{1~9\mr~ Ill~ 1fr0l<{~<1l~,WC.sj~<1l<\'~~<1~ ij~R'g ~C'i'{ I '1"'9J1lfOli1f
'lJt9\tc~ ~~ <1l<l'~

'!{tc~fiI<ft~<!t~, "<ft<!Jc9fTc~Cl) ~~/'ft~

~~O{ <1lClfC"t ~~~~ lf~~~, C\fc"l~~ • ~~tf~ ~t<! ~<l't"l C9\r.'ll~, l(ti'{ ~C~ c"t~. 9("~ 9fm<l'~ ~CO{ <1l<l'~~fu C~<i

~~~~C"l I ~t~ c<{t~~ <{~'1,w~~

<1l~C<\' C"lMO{mlf C'<1'~t-e, ~<1t~t<J1" ~"lO{
mi'
~ll~to{, ~~C~ Leningrad Diary-~ ~C~1 <ff<l~t~ ~~ ~~ij~~tCif ~1tt~ ~~ I . ~~ I!l~ <(~ ~<l'tt"t~ i!t~~\5j ~~~~t'i'{ ijC~ ~<t>i1f ~fill 'i'{~) \S ~~~~
~l·nf;{~~~ ~t~;f/ ~f~~tc~ 9("~,¥~<l'~ ~i~1 Cif~l ,!{'l~'i I ~~~t~O{ R".f-
Dariya Marievna , my next-door (
neighbour,
Let us sit down and talk, we two. ~ti'\ Jj!..~t~ <1l~Cif~
~~CO{~ ~ c<\'~ ~~ '1~"tc~ <ut~~~t~ ~~~~~ ~C~ '1~tcO{

Let's talk al{out the days of peace ~5M~~C'i'{ ~c<'[f~<'[; ~t'i'{~ "l'lfJ~C~ ~"l"1 '!{t'i'{ ~<lI~OltQ,\9("~"9\C'i'{~
'1~clltffl~T~

The peace that we long for so. .•

t~'1cf~c~<1lc'!~~O{ <!jtClf~c"t~ ~<1COl~<{M~\!l~ ~''io{-R~ '!{t"tt<t:tlf'!{~ \!l~R~
~~'tr.-!~ 9\C~ I \!l~ ~~C~i'\ '!{CO{<t'~MC~~ c~ 9("Rl'tr~~ '1fi1s~ 9\t'€'ll1 ll~,
~Clf~ '1t~'tt~ WC"l~1fol~/~ lltfil</i~t~ ~~~~~, ~i'\t'8 \!l~ ~~~~~ ClIlf~
~~'(3 ~'lJ' ~c~r.~c<l'tQ,\t-e<(i~~J'lJ' ~g~~ 1-
'!{t"D~ ~<{O{"Ii f<t;? "ltfu~ll ~f<l~IC~~ ~C~ <\'f<{ (Olga Bergholy) 1(~
)~~)-~ ~J-9\t"ffi~Hl \!l~ ~~ '!{t~<Sft~<l'~t<!tift-~ ~~O{ ~Q,\~ Cif~l ~'ll' ~~O{
~~ ~'ltfil\~ ~~C~O{ ~~~ ~~~~ @R 9\lf/~ ~k~ 0{1:
~~ ~~\r.~'i'{ 9("C'i'{'i'{'(3'''l'~'t~t~ ~~to{c<{* '1!..<t'~\!l<l'~1 '!{~J~ <fJt9\<t>~9\ '1t~'!
Let the whole house be filled with light~ there,
~~Qj I ~'icO{~ ij~f<l~tc~ ~~O{Cll'lji~~~l Clf~l ~r.~~~ \!i1f ~c~t~ f;rni '!{i1f •
Be filled with spring and peacefulness
~ ClfC"tif'lt0{P1<f'!{tq;g~tr.~ ~~ <\,'C'i'{ ~t~~ '1~"1f~</i 9("~~ ~~ \!j~ \!l<\'
Weep quietly, laugh quietly, and quietly
Exult in all the quietness .. ~~r~~~
,!{'lt~f~<f~t~ cst"l~ <\'~1 l)~~<'[ I 'i'{<,["1
~ ~~SfOltQ,\-~~CO\'i'{~

~q;t~ C<l'o{? <1l~ "ltf~~ 5t~~ ,!{~~~C<\' 9\tm ~~: 'So ~~tlf ~"l 'l~l~-~lfto{; ~~ R~'lf Clf"tNr.'ittlf c~~O{;;!t~ ~~~ ~C'1O{,

earth again may spring the flower.' fo1 ~C".f'i'{

'1r.~ ij"~ ~t9\r.O{ 'lto{<1-'1~lf~'i'{i!t~~~0{ c~t~~C(lj ~1 f<{".ft-rt~c~
~r.QjO{
I ~~'i'{t!.. f<l5t~ "l'~t'E~~ C'l~ R~{if ~t~ c<!~ijt~ If"l~t't'lJ'Cll~
,
 'I'll>- ] ~~"'9f~5'lt ,,~

~~~'l\!t~ 1S'1( C~'f o.!l~ ~~~9 ~t~""r~\!it~r;~ ~'V .Ill{tf<l~tt~ ~ ~~NC~ '1l~0{I!t~t~ <2\t\S:"il~9tl.!
f9{\!t~eH ~f\! o.!l<fTI;'1-'fr'f~/,<{J ~1OPftlfi{
fl
~J~ ~~\!i ~r;~~r;a'{0{\ o.!l~Ill{<{J<{~~'1~~~1'~tr;a'{~a'{"tl~'8 ~~O{tt~ ~, <!{~9{~. C\!~O{~ . f~R ~t~~ "l{elf"t<{t~~ '5!1;"t~ l:\iJJ'<{tlf~t~
'1~'tR5 'I'~~\!i~ '€ ~Jt'1~~~ o.!l~ .!r~~tPl~· Cl)\!iO{tl.!
~'1~ij~
Oll
~r;0{~ ''lt~~-C''4Pl~ o.!l,<{~~t:!ltSiJ<{tif-f<lr;~t~ ~~. @c~f~ta'{O{
j o.!l'<{~
at1fil{C~~ '<{Jf~Jt'CO{~
~/~O{ o.!l~~~"~'1 ~17: 0 "l'CCf W~ ~$;~ <2\t~M<'l'
~~~~ ''l~ ~~t~f\!i~ '1ft1'tt~ cwr;~ ~~1 @~t~~ ~\!iJ~ '<{1'>\1;~~'5tt'<{ ,1415(,~~lI·~~,,'~r;'tSl f;\;§Sl'Cl1t* '1.0{«!('11 "~~~ ~'f~'1," .~~~ <2\~~'1,"
'<{{~~~ ~~/'<{~1't'i(~r;~~ 'i(ti1 0{1 ~r;~ '1tr;~0\f;\ I-o.!l~ @9f~~ ,~ ~~ 3l:t';fili~'C~ @9\r;lf"l"'€ "<ut~mO{~. '1ft1R'§" ~~ stR£ '5!~'C"t ~~9 it~-
.'<{t~m ~~ ~~t'i(ifrl.! 'l.N.~l<\irif~ ~tc~ llll1~to{ ~tf;\t~t~o{ 'l~~f"l'~ ~ <!{t~<\to\ '1t~Cf '11 ma;~ ~~~~ Ill{~~~"l "i$ @'1'CIf"l'8 <t~~ ~Cf~
f;\~~ '5!~l1tcO{~ f<I~ 'i(a'{~Nt~ ~CiJJj '{t{<\t~ ,~t~'1f~lf~ ,~t~ ~ '!ttC<{0l
~~ ;;t~, ~~.1\' <lt~t~ \!iQ\i ~~C\S~ O{'<{~t'l'~c~~''5!'{!1~\!i~
'<{t9t~c~ ~!f~
~l.! '<(1'5!~0\R5~ ~'1~Cl.!~ 'I'~ fs~t~ ~~-'ltf~~J-~~"ff~(~ ~'\ ~1 i!t~'1,~O{O{
'€ f;\~l:\Jt~co{~ ~a;/~ ~l.{t~ a;t~ ~~'C<{o{I
@~, ,~~~r;~~~~ ~t<\l:\tO\-'<{t9'l
C'41~'t1 ~t~O{ ~~·1 j ~O\~t~ ~~\!~ . '!{t~~ ~~~ "l{~'1 f;{9~ g~t~~tr;'<{ 0{1 <fiftlllt€ ';!{t9\t\!~l)tr;~ ~ Cf~1'<{a;1
,f'e> j ~~m~o.!l~ ~t~c~)~ ~~1ttc~ ~~1<\lc~ Wa'{<\~'5!~"t$~Cj ~~~ ~ ~'19~t~ ~~e<f 0{1 '11~~t~ ~'t\!1 ~~lf\!i~ <l~~11.~ I Cit<\ta;~-~f!>~~.
\!it~ ~~OlO\t~'f ,a;~1 o.!l~ ~~~falr.\!i ~~n~~~'8 Decla.ratIOn of • •••~ "fltc~O\'-lr;'I' ~~~~ 'Cf 'tt~ CffitC<{? ffl ~Cf~ \Sa;t~1l1 'ITR'Ca;~ '5!t~f.{Cf
Independence of Spirit ~l)0\1 ~c~ ~~~O\t'<lt~ ~tt~O{ '{t~~ Cbc~ i ~ijj~ 111~ l:\~lf\!i'l'\!t~ '5!~Sltca; l:\~~t'C~l]r;'t~ f;{~~ 'l~t"l't~~~ '5!O{tlltc~~ l:\~1
"i~tcO\~ <;§t~~@~~t~ Ill{~~\! '5!t'{!1~tf!>~~~"ff\! ~c~a;tO{ 'l1t~lfto\ ~~<\~ ~ 1 ~r;~!f<f~1 m~iftfi~\!t~ \fIf\!i f<l:11.~'<{\!i
....
~to\· l~~to{1f '5!tSf 'lq~to\C'<{~
'5!~C~l:\~tO\tc~O\ ~~O\tc~~ ~tc~ i ~~O\e '<{1o.!lR~t~ '5!t~tC"t ~t9\t;{T filf\Ol~~ ~<t' @ift~\!~ ~c~(<.t ~~t;fT I ~t~\!2t\!i')<\S ~<1I~O\N,<;§t~t~ '1fucr\!
'<{tr;~~'G"~C~tlf~ 'lfC~ f~~'<{i~t~~~ ~t~\!it<\tClf~ ~~<ft{ '8 @.1\l!ft"ifta'fO{ mOl ''l~ l:\1;~/~~ ~~'!l31'5!t~~ ~'I''Sl ~rol.! foI'Clf
..••
t CfRlC\S ~~1 ,<{M~tc~O{,
~f~ ~~~O\tc~ @N\t ~O{C'f ~ai1 @~~t~\S ~c~ ~a;c~O{ ~~~~~ ~- ·~~Sl l:\~(""I "~~ ~to\<{, ,~~ '1f<l\!i1,l.{ ~'f:, ~f;\~'f i" "~f.{ ,<{Jf'e>~\!i
~~a'{ ~1<lt~I ~<\S ~\S~~ 'f''C~ '~if1 ~O{fO{t~ ~lfr;~ ~fil~~:' I ~fel ~qSfofrO{~~<t't~O{
'U~~\S ~~ 'a'{~1fD~~fal~ '5!t~tf't'8 '<{~'f~ O{~I ~~O{tt~~ ClfO{RiI~ ~~ 1""1f~ ~t~r;~~ @9\"~c\S~ ~t~~ '5!t'10{~1<l~~1 '5!~~~ Cf'C~ ~to{'<{~~~
'5!f;\'<{t~~~-~:t~~ '6l.~"tj\~Cj~~C~O{'If~ '1ft ~~t~ .fftf!>C\! f~Mtl,( i i;ir""~ I" ~t~'C~~ ~~~ ~ 10,-1/0,
'5!'1~'1 ~tO\~-'1\tlJ..m <2\f\S ~t~ ~t~~ ~to\ <2\~t"t ~~t~o{ '5!tc<\~~~1 ~. • I.llft;lft~ ~~~ '<{t~~@~'l-~~otr ~~~1 ~~'C'<{Of,
''1)~M~~ '1fit\!iJt~~q<t' ~t~-
~t;c~tt'1~ ~f~i\. ~~~ '1~ ~t'i(~ ~tc~ ~~-~SO\t'<{~ '1fuf~\S Cffunt ~/fil~c"lc~ '<{t~a;t~~$\!i l<{~~ ~Cf ~~'C~~ @'1tJf~ ~tw~ f1{M~ ~~'lt~
t;~~t~ Cftt~ O\t~c~ ·~t~ ~ft~ folnt I • ~ri!~ ~~t~ <!{~ift.,O{
Cf~'C<lo{131t'lliIf'C~/~
'<{rt~jto{'~t~tr;lf~ ~ <!{'1mt~ <it~ I
Cf'C~9\~~o{~M~ ~l:\J f<I'C"t~~'<{ t;t$lmt~ L ~ '5!l:\J~~, ~~ ~t~C\!i~ elf ~t~~~~~1
~1{C1lt~O\-'ifr;<{~-~~~<{t9t9\~t'Ci ~O{fq:~"l"l~c\S ~'fif1
- 'C'ltMo\I~ '8 <ffif~-"ltPl\! ~\!<t~~ ~\Sr~'1~ ~<fr~O{t'C~~
<'l'$lO{t~
'109\i\!i~'8 mr-t~~~r;'l' t;c~~\!i '8 ~~f<l:\! Cf~~1 \!l<\'C"l~ f<l:~"l"l~t'lf)r;\!i <!{fSff<l~~'CQ(
•
<'l"~ ~'C~o{ I i'l~\!) ~~~ ~C\!i~ ~~\!i <J~~ ~O{c'<{~'llt~~tlfo{ ~ftI~te~, ,~~ "l{~ @m
et~lft~t~ <2\~~ ,~mc~ '1ftll)~ '1t~t\!i ~ca; <!{f~tfihtc~ 131t'llilfr;~/~
~t~Jto{'
~~tR \!ltC'ift'1t~ '1~ Cfftl'C\! ~~t<ll cwc~O{tc~Q ~~t~~J "~t~~<\oi1" '1~
~.,.. '6{~frO\~~~1 l.{~r;'<{
l1N \!it~t~ ~~~ ~~'lto{ '1t~~ ~~ ''If'C~~O{teQ('Sl

a~I{t~(~ ~t~il' ~~~'1l'C<\~O{t~~tl~ I Ill~~n~to{~~~ <\t9t '5!<{~\!i~~~1 ~'<{'10\1CfC~o{I

\fI~"tCf: ~Q~~O\tQ\ ~tl~, \!lt~ ~t'lfi'l~~, "MCft\!i1 I ~~1\ m~tr;O{~ ~tRr~ ~ '117~ "l'f, ~~ ~t<l'1 I ~~~ ~~ o.!l\!i<t'ta;'1\~~ 'l~tiSf- •
~ '~ifT~ 'l~e~ Rep ~i¥t~l.!1 t;9\1;lf"lCffuc\!O{I f!>fel '<{~~t~'Ca;O{,"~Pl ~'CO{
~fu~t~: f<I~~~\!l $~t~l.!, ~ '<(~~ Dt~CSfJiU)~,<'l'M~\!i1 I ~"lJ ~
~t'l Cl.!,'5!tPl ~'lli1f~WSj~ c<\If'T'C\!<lPll.!1t;'1Clf"l ~<\t~ '5!N<ffi'r I" 'Ill{tPll:\o{-
<\t~a;1 ~ ~~t"tco{~ 'lt~f~<fi ~f\!i~c1f ~~~ Clfc<\~O{N~a'C~;: ~~ ~~-f~fr~ '1.~, ~.!l,<{ f<I~fr~ ~tll, l1Sf~t'CO\~~t~ Ill{tst~ "Z~t~\!j~'C'1~
l:\e~l9{'Clf"tt<\~~'1.0{«!('1 ~~~ ~~~II '4'b0{1I '5!tN 3lt'lfi-~I1tc~~ 9\'lf'~ 1 ~9ftr;0{ ~ift~~1 ~t~ Cf~t~ '5!t~t~ '1~ 'l.{t~J I" '~"l<{<{t'l.m ~O{ t;~~
l:\~1itf~~J~ o.!l~ '5!f\!i '7\J<\to{ .1\~~t~ '1.0\: <2\~t"t ~~l.l1 ~\q ~\5 0f1j '5!Co{'f'OJ~c~N-@'1C~tcl:\~
9\~ '!{<{c"tc~@9\Rlt;~ \StRlr;~ CCf"t<{l)!lf
cSft~
~t~ ,~~ Ul~fU~~ ~~tR~ ~3!I c""~~ ~1 ~~~~ ~<t~C"'I0l; ~ ~'i0l i5t~~<t~ CQ(C.1Rlfi1! folr~ ~tQ C"lll~~o{ <ft~tOl ~~?:'l{itr~~ '8~r~aj
<t~1U c~~ ~t""'8 ~~~'Str<t ~<ft~O\t~<lS·c<rt<lth C~~1 ""'~<lS ~ •• ~ ~ c~?:""1~'TtC<l1 f~~ .'StS1'~~~ '1~t'~ ~tS1' ~~~1 fD~fito{~ ';5(~st ~"";
~ • ~I~~
~<tI~O\tQ("ll~~'8 ';5(ijJruJ
~~tt""t5r<fi~1 <t~f1k<lS~<t ~ ~~ ~9 <lSr~"lf.(t If{ ~1(t'1 9ft'€~1~t~ ~t?:<lt~tt<lt Ciffol<fi"
.9f~<fin~ c""~1 ~~ f5~9f(lj CQ(C"<fi
I
~lltOl;';5(f5t<lt~~., Ul~ ~ C""~<lS <tt~""1iSt~1Ul~ iStC"'I1<lS'~ c"lr~~ ,,«"\?:~'9\~1)~; 9\~~~ <,
'1t~ 1;"\.'TrO{~
<uf'\gi~~ ClltC~"<fi~ @rSl~<lSQiC<!N~~
•

O{f~~rC<tt~ '8 fq;~t~ <lS~1 ~t~ 9ft'lf' '1'&<tI f<k"t~ <lS't~ ~<ttifr "1fIl~ ~ • ~fif"<fi ~C<l 011I '9f~~f c~t~~ ~(Qi'lt'l~~ C~'l' ~fol \!I'<fit~<lS~~o!lr;'1
'1"Pftif<lS"'~
~~r<u S"\.'KORl<tt~.,t~ ';5(~~1 '1'«~ ';5(<lS~9 \!i"'~fq;<!ii9f
'1i~ ~~'lt~ if'S '€ \!I~ C~~~ ~ijJt'1T 'li5Jtif~ '1r~ ';5(~J~ @~'1tc~~ 'IC~ 'lt~'i!iJ-
~~ f<ts~~0l; 9fr~ .,~~ fq-'I{f<r~rt""r~~
~-M1; ~9ftf~ ~iJr ~~~ ~<t~~ift~ ~ .• ~t.,t9f ';5(tc""t~'l1"<fiC~ llt01, 'i!it~t~1 ~l~ ~~tt~'€ Ul"<fitfffi'Rl ~t"l<l.
~'lco{~ ~ <t~ '*' ~<fiifi'l\!i ~~ I c~~ q:~1U~Cif~ ~a <!i¥<!~tG?;\!i~~~ ; C"fvft~ '1r;~ Ul~ 9\~<l't~ ~Sl~ "<fiC~o{
I
q:t~af10l;1cq:t<ltt~ 1ljiJr ~~<lS~ ~"" S"\.~ \!I"<fii~<lSm<lS~~t.,O{ I f<fi'
l]j'tG'f~'8 q:~1U.~n:r~rlJt~ Ul~ '1it~C'1 'll' ~ 9f~'IgC<fitr0l;1<ttiSti\)'t1
~~~-~t~?;\!iJ~ '1t~fu~ fq;~t~ 1;"\.'irOl;~~t~C\!i 'It~<fi\!i~'Sm <lS~C\!i <ft(;~ C"<fi'ltQM?:iS~
~~\!i'l~ '1~C~ ~t~c~~ 9fftl~~ 9ft'8~1 llt~ \!)~ Travel
~@c~t~~ 'it~r\!iJ~ <tJt9f<lS9f1;~C\!i ~~~-'it~C\!iJ~ °fq;ffi '8 f<!C~~9 ~ • Diary of a. Philosopher <l~ ,Q\C<lS I fq;'lt~ '1~r~ Ul<lStG ~~ts'1~~"0{-~~'8 ~foI
9fQ(!lfif{<fi"
O\~,'i<t ~~r\!i ~t~f't<fi" ~t~~ ca'l~"<fi
I 'l"P(tifOl
~r~~r""O{ '*' \!IC~~~~'lN '8 ~ij)ruJ <t~ ~ ~~ fq;<t~ 'l~t~ ~tr;if~ ~~~~
~t~m The Augustan Books of Poetry (Benn) O{tc~~O{~ ~ ~ <tt9t\!;"t I "t ~lf..Ul~ ~f'i!i C"l-Rs~to{@~
<l'r~r~O{,C~<t" «>c~O{foI ~C~ 'If't'lg

!If<lStM\!i\!I'1itGPr~t~. 1;~'i0{ ~'f,~ '1'&<!~"" ~Ciff';5(~<!tif<m1: ~~O\tt~ ~ Cll,~~ ~<t1li"lt~ R<tt~ 'i'{C~ ';5("<fi9\1;
~~t~~ 'lJ~ <lS~i c"<fitr01i~C~~ 9fC'lf'~
'1~<lS"0{~<lSt"t<lS~0{I Ul~ <t~$~ ~P!~'t1I 1;"\.'10{
<lC.,O{
: f.m9\if01~,';5(~.!lq:f~foI C"<fi'it~~ciS~~~N-9ft.,cO{ !
';5('lf''l{
Tagore is known to the West almost solely as a mystic poe ~~'lN )~<.) 'itc., ~'8~t9f ~'l{C~~ '1'l{r~ ~~/foI~ \!;t~/~t\g~ "t~r;~ ~f\!i~~
I have tried to present sides of his versatile effort that are unrep '~'ltQMriS~ School of Wisdom-Ul \!I"<fi'1~t~~ ';5(tf~Q(J~~'1 <lSC~O{ I '<lS'itQM~
sented in his own translations. Such poems as "Noon" and -Be•• I.!I~ lS9jafC>lf-J
'1~t~<ut~ @~~~ ';5(tc~t~O{<lS?:~~C"Ol;
I ~~~'lN'~ -\!I~'1~<t«O{t~

waves", in the present selection, 'show that the Indian is as obs~rvu r~l\ ~'1\!i~r~~c.,O{ ~1 \!)t~ ~~O\~t~ W~~ CQ(C"<fi
'<tt<lt1~t~ I
and objective as the youngest of his Western contemporaries. He b . C<fiJftQMiS
9fM~ ~c"O{ fol:'1ci\f~, <2It~Jli"fO{
'8 '1t11"0\1'1~C~'8 ~t~ ~~~t~ ~.,

made our language his own and has added to our -litera.ture which . '1~~, f<fi~ ~~ 'l{'i!it~\!i C~ ~~.,'StC'l ~~f(Qi~t~., ~., ~.~ ~~9 <lSp!~fo1~~

sufficient reason for including his work in a series of . selectioDi 'l~~ ~~ \£l~ ~f'€':
from English poets of to-day. • But it is clear, ne;"ertheless, that neither the materialism, nor
its collectivism, nor above all, its Satanism are tr~e to ·our
~t~ 'iC~ ~~9 <R~ "5ftt~1 ""<fit~9"5ftc~I ~lf..';5(t~m
1;"\.'fO{C<lS ~~
~t~tCif~ ~t~~O{f\!i<fi"
~~~t'l ~'K~'8 f\!ifol ';5(llJ<t'itc~~~C~ ~~91 ~~
profounq,est and most essential aspirations. '*'. The ~ssian
Revolution is a more magnificent confirmation of the truth of
1!iJ<!'lit~t~Plr~Ml!tOl;~rtrQc~S1'~r~ '1~r~tft~t~ ,.,~ ~tG"l 'St~C\!i~~f~~tc" .,
the myth of Lucife~' than any event of ancient history.
~c~mfq;i{g<~9f~~ 9ft€~ ~t~ I Pr9ft~ Rc~tt~~ 9fS1'f<{~i't ~~c~r~~
';5(\!iJt~~~ ~~/~;OfT<fit~oft 1;"\.'10{
The Other Side of the Medal 0If1{.

MM<t-qi "<fiC~,~r;~0{ ~~'l9fgfT~ R"lif R~9 ~~ I iS~\!i'1~ 'itf~J, t~ ~ ~fi{~~ -tt&t 'S ~a;rt~ ~t~
~t~o1't~ f~~<lSl;~'1rO{~~~1 ~o{"<fi~~0{1"5ftr~: 'I<!~M~ @C~~ "<fi'~~
1S9f?:~t·~~~ Rf"l~ i5t~~~t~~ Rr~t~ 'i~'ltif m~t~~ 9ft~t"<fi~1
~f'i!i~~ fol"5~~
""<fiQt~
~m~O{ O1t~I
,~c~ I Ul·~1~~~O{~ ~Jt~ ~iSf;;l"<fir~f~c""O{
~llfO{\!i~t~o{T~C'lf'~ I ~<1fi5tt
~ ~~c~r;'1 ~t'lfiftcO\~ "5ftc~ ~t~~ <tJ<t'ltc~ ~'i!i ~ ~f~f~C"'Io{ I Ul~
~ Rabindranath Tagore : Poet & Dramatist.
lt~~ \'!:iCif~<lSQ(1
~r;~ ~"<fi'1~lR5-'i~'lttif~ ~t'fJ ~9f~9 01~I
t The Rise & Fulfilment of British Power in India
( Oxford University Press ). •••The Book of Marriage.
<f~~ ~tr;"Ii I f<n ~~~Cif~ 11l1ft~" ~~~tr;"I ~i 'IfC~~ '\!tc\!e ~~. ~ Cl'6t~hIf~ ~ 1t~i{

9\tRlf.l1 '~1lo{, l1l<ffG~~Mr;"I '1f~"It'~ ~<1'~ ~l,{<f ~~-'l~5\l\!) 'e ~~~~)

~O\~~ ~ W-~"\CO{~ .~9\t~"t RCl.l ~"ItDO{i \!I~tt.{"11 "liC~'€ ( "li~
9\~9\'~ f;{:'l~C<ftr;D'~Cl,j DC"IC~"I'e 11l~~~ 'llit~l,j ~C"I~ ~t~~1lr 'l~C~ ~.,<f ~t1f O{~) <!l<1'~<1''411!i{t1l~i,~ ~~tr;'l~ ~t~tsOIt~ "1l9.'1<f~C\!) 'lTlfJ
~9.1 ,~~Cl.l ~~qi ~~0i-'l~5lt\!) ~O{~ '~C~~t~~ ~C~o{ I I ~t~~ fi5f~r;~. ~~~~~iI <!l'ff(lj\!)'<fiQt~C~ <1''41<I'~C~'I .
\!IcQ'j"litc<li
~t~1M~ 1l~"lI1l~ l:{~CO{~
~~"l1 ~t"t1 <\'ftl ~~~ I f<fi~ 1{f\!)J<fitc~~
~~.,~
~ ~ ~~9\0{ '<fiC~~"I ~ f<fi 'f~C~)} \!)Jt~ ~~ <ft!{J'~ ? "li11l~.~-
C~~tc<lI!i{CO{<fi
'l~HI 9\ftlc~R\!) ~Cl,jC~, ~tC\!) \!I~ <fQji"Ii 'i5C~ 9\'t~R ,~, ~~
~9\'ffir;"t \!t~ ~~\!i~ ~~~ CO{~I 'l~~ ~ ~tr;'l ~~\!)'l~<I' ,~~
fO{Cl,j
'l~ Dt~C\5 C~~'l C'ltl!:<fi~C\!)O{
I!i{t~Wf~~w'1 ~tH-~tRi<1'tclf~ ~"Itl,{~~
~ ~c~"t 1!t9.1 nfm~OI ~ ~~i Cll iSltf\!)-~~O{ 'l1 'I~-~~COI ~'1~~ ~fo{'f
<t''4l 'l"lt~ 1!i{~<1't~'4tt~
D~1lI!i{9\~to{I ~'li;5{-'l:..5lt~'l~C~ ~fff <1't~€ '<fitCO{1
~t 'l{C"I~ "Ii I I!i{~DI!i{t~l .~, 'llit~~ <!l<1'~~ ~Ol~ '5ro~ <l~o{; I!i{~
"tt~clf~ ''lt~~f;{"6l,{~l!i{tc~I f\!)f;! \3HI ~~-'l~5lt\5 f~~<f ~~C\!) I!i{\!)J~ ~ ;r~,f\!)~ 1I\!)f<l'ft"t C~flf?;"li '<l~~ i5t~~ ~"I 'l~'~~ ~l1to{\!)'ll'lt~O{I \!it~,
'MC~C~O{ C~~lft\ij '<fiC~ 0{1~t~C"I ~~Oi-'l:..5\lC\5~1{~tlf1~~1 ~~O{iI I!i{~~ '"It 'ad -e ~~~~ <ft~tatlCIf~) ~ <l'r~tc~~ ~l,{t~ Pl~~~~<ft~i1jti5t~ ~~"IC<fi
~t\!i~~"1~ \!I~ <f'4i 1lCOi~t~cQ'jI!i{Co{<1'l;i
~1~ ,~tc~. I \5t~ 'I'l Dt~C~ ~:~ , ~ tftC<lC"t~1!i{~<1't~"Ii •flfCaj''l~~' C"t~~ "Ii I 9\~"lim\!) <lJ<l~~ ~~t~\t
"tt~~C<fi\5C"I~ ~t'(3"O{~t\!i~~Clf~ ~f\!)~t"l''5{t~fi{~ 'I~'.'5{~~\!) 'lliC'i{t~'lC'l ,~ cQjC<1' C'I 'l'l <:5i~cQ'j
'lt~t;;fl~l f;tc~ ~~~ 'lC"I~ 9\'~Dl,{ fifc\! <ft!{J ~C'l I.
'l:..5ltC\5~~-l!i{t~R~ c~f\g€ 'I:"~~'1 ~CO{I I!i{'4D~ \!I<fi~ 1li5!l,j\!I<1't~<fi
~ 'l~ ~C<lO{iI ~~C~~ f9\~c"I f;tN~ '5~\!)1~ ~tiSftO{f\!)<I''<fi'r"~\t ~~
~tC\!i~~Vf~ ~fs C"ttOl'lt~~ ~Cl,{~"1I ~~ Qjt<1',
"f<l~~"'lt~ <ft~~~~l 'I~iSf <!l~ 9\'ftlDl,{~~<tSt~ <l'C~ RC\!) 9\t~C'l OIlI
I!i{t~\!I<f~ 'Ii5!l,{~lI'9t ~t~<fii ~<flOi"ltC'4~c~t~ \!I<t5~ ~to{ ~t~'''IOI 'It1lcO{
"~,, ~~~ ~~\!) <ft~aj~ ~t~'l, <l't~t'¥ c1tl,jt"l9\'t~t'€ f.lc~clf~ ~\!) f~c~~i ~'f
~~ ~Q'j l:{'C~I '5tc'1\1 ~"It~ 'IC~ "1l~~ "tf~~ 'I"9fc~~ ~Jl I!i{t1lt~ ~t"l1
mI f<1'~~'lfil~tclf~ c~t~ <l'C~ 'lt~"It~ ~~ \!I~ C~l; ~tl{r;\!)<ltlfJ'<fi~CQ'j
f;!"6~~
f<f~ 'l'5t1{C~~ <!l~ ~~ ~ 't'l C"tt~0{ ~~R I!i{t"l1~~ ''Iflf"l<f~ lflIf
1!i{r;0{'f
'11m \.!lfifC<I'f~t~~ <ftN;c~ c\!it"l1 ~C'l I 011~Ci1j l!i{fcO{f\!)<fi
'e ~t~ '<fi~c'1
I!i{t1lt~\!I~ 1l\5 'I1l~ 'f~C'lO{I ~~~1 ll\!)~ 'lt~~,)-fu~t~ ~, 'lt~t"l~~ 'Ir;~ I:!3tclf~'I~,f~·~ f~ '1<l~
1!i{t"t1 <f~ l!i{t1lt~ ~'€''lJ ~c'4'g 9\ftl~~ ~Cl,{C~, ~~~t~ ~i1jCIf~~tM<f1
~ I ~9. ~~tl,j C'Sltl;-~T!{'lt~1!i{~'ft9.c,~ ~l,{\!)~i5HlC\!) 'lMt~, 1!i{'lf1!l.l1,
~tN;Cl,{~ti5 cO{~I CIf"t'lJt~ ~~0i-~C'ltrC;'IC'l lli f<1'~ ~Cl;C~ 'I'l~ f.l"61l~ ~ ~ ij~9 ~t~O{~c~ \!I'<fiflfO{
filM\!) ~C\!) 9\'t~ ; f~~ ~~~.q D~ \!)tr;~ ~t~
'e fiitc~~ lIQ\tf 9\fi
O{~I l!i{t~~ ~~ ~~ \!I~ <f'41'lilli ,~ ~~5foltC'4~ 'Itftc~l~
• AA~ . ~C\!)JC'f~ ~\!)Iil~'lO{-~~~t~ 1!i{f<!<I't~
I 1l~-fil"to{ ''I ~N<1''hl1lttOl O{j; ..
~tC\5 Clfr;"t~ cQ'jt" 9\tl,{<!l~ ~C;'IC'l~ ~\fto{ Q'j~J ~€l,{j ~~~ \!t~ I ~~- ffl ~~C1S'l'€ llnf ~~ f~f\ijC\!) 1!i{~Q'j
~f~cO{~;ft~ c~c~ CIf~;\!)l ~~ fOl"6l.l~
'Itfif~J'f-'If1!f~ \!I~ ~r;"liir;'$~ \3tr;If~ 'I~t~<ut~ ~~tcOl \!I'ft~<f "ltl;<fiI!i~
-~~~'t,C<I'~Q'j,
<l'9tl;<I',~, ~~M1~f5 lJitf\!)'€ \!itClf~'I~'~~ ~<1'tc"t~
~J~ «iC~~cQ'jO{I ~tcO{~I!i{tc~t~cO{e<!P~ ~R I ~ ~lfl c'4C'f ~tr;<fI «
'- <!l~~C;'IC~ ~l:\to{'lJ'l'{t9\'<fi't3 ~t'1 ~r"lOl ~,'~ O{C~OiClf~I 1:!3~ I!i{~
'IC"J€ 1I~ 'I~~t~ '<fi1l/~~9.~r;~J<1'~ I!i{~foric; "Ii ~C~ '4tC<f. ~~ ~C~ ~t~f;r<fif~tf ~'11f ~~~
Ift~ OIO{-<!l~'llit~~ ~c; ~tc~tl,jt~ ~Jt~ clft~ <Q'~ '6lf.l'li~ I
'St~c~~l!i{tff~ 9\'fil<!i~O\1 'I~<I't~ If~C~ ell ~~'11 DCaj'\!)t~ ~~
fO{Cl,{ ~tll ~~
~ \!I<fi~«i'41I!i{tr;~I ~~Oi"ltC'4~ ~tr;O{~~\!)O{~~ O{tl;«i I!i{~O{m€ ~
~~~~'f3 f'lC"I~'6lt~ cO{~-~~ <1't~c~ \!itCil~'<fitCO{i
'l<r"f\!)t~ 'If''t<lt~ 'lf~C\!)
l!i{tr;~~1 l!i{t~\ij<1'~ ~'lNJ OIl,{
<!l'<fi~
~f5 I ~tQ1<.!l~frf5~ 'IC~ 9\ftl~~ <!l~~
~ ~11 \!I ~~~ <I'~otC'l~ ~t\!)')~ ~Jt~~ '<fiPl$~ O{t"li <fitr;~ %1t'll9.1 roxr I!i{t~~
~ ~c~~ CO{'€l,{i
~~~ I "ttPzf;!r;«i\!)cO{~~t\!i~t~~ 1ltt<lt1ltc~ <fQ'j<1't~t~~tf
~~ ~fiIl I!i{'l'$\!it~'€ 'I<l ~c9\'tli ~<fi ~<fitR\!) ~l,j O{i,~'ll~t € ~ ~f\!)c~ ClfRr
< ~fi5O{l;{'€ OIlS 'lff~~ 'l~~t~ ~C9. If"f<fiClf~
1lcO{~gjO{
<l'C~O{-~ ~fi'l 0I'llI I ~~CiSf lli 'l~-'I~~~ C'lC9.t~\!l 'QjC<1'~ 1l\!>T1l\!)~~O{ <I'~C~ ~~ I 'I~R5
~~Oi-'l~tc~ ~~"I l!i{tr;~ .~Clf~ '''$t~l' '€ ''5{~9\'9.\!)"I'"i\!)Jt~onT CIfC~
~~~ <2lNfil<fif-t~~ 'l~'l~ \!)tClf~ 9\'RI<1'~'1~ f,,~~~"'I~<ftIf9{r;~~<1'tf-t~
~'1i ~~~CajO{ I ~~ \!IC\! ~tit «'Q'j ~~ O{iI 1I~ I!i{ti!tf1!<fi'lr;~~ <fQ'j~
~ I 'l~C~C9\ ~i <!l~: m"t ~~f1!<1' f-t~i 'lrt'9f~o{, ~<f~R<I' '€
'"\t~i <.!l~~c':l 9\t<fi1 <.r<fiC1l~
.~r;~t~ <l'C~O{~t~ ~~t'l 1!i{r;0{
<t5 'lJt9\'<I' ~
~~ ~~i ~C'l I C'I 'Sl~ ~f 'l:"~~ ~~i ~C'l ~ '5tC'l : M?'f<l'CIf~C<f\!)O{
fifc\!)~c<t
ll~ \3t~i ~~O{tl;J 'IC~~ 'I~cllt~\!)tl;{ <!l~ <l'tc~ I!i{~'l~ ~O{, \!)t~c., ,\!it .•
I ~'1 fiit~<I'~ If~<fit~ ~C'l O{iI ~'hl1 1lJ~.••~"I"to{ (r) 9\'t"t <l'~C<f~If~
~t~ I 17
 )
~~t~~ ~ll~~~"l5tc~ f~"~1 ,,~ ~t~ ~ "I~ f<lwt~ f"l~ I '6:~C'lji~fqwt~ ~t~!.m "t~ '!{tlltC'f~ '5{TQ'8"11 I ~t~'1, ~f~"lCllJ ~"t .'~
f
9ftt~ 0fI, C~~t9ftll ~1 9ftt~, (ift~ M'lji1R~t~ ,,~ 1 '!{~" ~~ ~ ~\!i~ ~<l'tl.lR ; c"tc0{1 "'l'f~~ ~ ~~'1 ~~R; t~Q'\t~ "l~~Riift~-\!iit
~t<t, ,,111:'1~tijjtlf~ ~~. "t'lt~, c9fMQ'\f~gO{0fI fuQ'\ ~111:1C"I'1~ f~\! ~ ~"'5f\!j \!rr~~-'lt"ltf9i" I!l:'l~f\!i~ ~!JJ ~~'lji 1!l<1"lJ~t~ ~Cl.l9ft~C~ \5t~
~l;t~ "I~.m~ ~'lJ ~~ ~~ ~~ Cll, \5tQ~~t1ii1 W"ll~ ~t't~ C1I1fa\<l'
I!lt%lif ~~;;J.tc~ C'ftcOfl 9{~~ c\!iill ~l,lR I ~~~ C"I~ co;fc~-~
~ ~~111: c~t~ l;t~1; "!\!i~~1 ~." ~"Itt~ C'I ~'l111: ~lf ~t~ 'IQ~ 1c" ci'wr ~c~c~ ~tt"l '8 "!~t~ c~t\!i ,lft~ "l~\!ilft~ 'J)~1<\5t\1<1t~'8 CJ)~1- .
~~ ~tlf/"l;1 "l~t~lf~ ~~ ''ift~, ~'l'1 ,!{tlf/~l;1 ~ \5tt~ l21tQ\f~~fii /6tlr 1 ~'l~ Cll 'I(O{-'ltili1
~~1 o{l.l,~ lQ.N;'lji-<fiRi"tto{~~t9{ti;/ '~C<f'8 ~~m\!i
~H' <\5~t~I I <!l~€ c!l"ltN\!i ~l.l "I~~ ~<l'tR\!i '!{I:(Jt9f'f<!t"tt{g~ 'I(~Q'\to{~,,!'8 f'lji~,,!-
~~ '!{~~;fi~ 9fftl<\5~O{t~R~t~ ~Jt~ ~~~ lIQ\t"l"lt1l<!t"t~ ~~ ~c~t1Wt~ 9{~l)tM~ ~fR-cq!;j3tR' *ql1'fCif~ ~<l'$ ntC9ftl;' C~c, I \!i1
'!l:t9ft\!i\! ~~1l ~'1 Clf~t~ ~~ 'll, ~t\!i 'I:(~' l21tQ\fil
'l f-t'lji~~ ~ ~~~ 'l<Wl~~ '!{tcQ'\t()J-~~lttO{~~ ~~ 'lt~ P!~t'lg ~~\!i "<f~f~:
~t<t I <\5~'1 M'lji'ftlf~ '~<1t<1' ~nr lltt~, ~~ft! ~ ClfH~ft! ~'ltt~
\!i1'¥O{nT~t\WRl M'ljillfto{ J)otc<1I N\!j'1~\!i, "lto{ ~l.l, ~~t~ "l~t~tO{{l "~N;t'lji~ ~ '8 1!l<1~1
~t~t9f ~~~ft"l

"~t~fil"<f f~tf<1~tt~~" '1<1CJ)tl.l~~ 9ft~1 I ~"lo{ < ROfI 9ftft!~fu~ ~ • .)~~~ "IttQ'\~~t~l.l~"'r ~~~~ ~;lS" "IttQ'\~ ~t~N'I 9f~'Ig ~f<:§c'lji~ ~c~~ l'lt I
'~J~~1 ~ fOf"Dll~~t~1 '!{t~'8 ~~-~'1 filnr W"ll"<fC"<f
"~~Q'\" ,,~~ III ~ f;g~'8 f<l'~ ~R ~t,,~~ ,!{<1~ ~111:t9f~~~tt~ I '!{cO{r.~f;{:~ ~~l.l1
'!\Ptt~ I ~~ ~ ~lf C"<ftQ\1
CQ\t"<f
c~t'lttc~, \!it~ ~"<f CO{~I ~ ~ ~{tr~ I ~~tt~ ,!{<1~1I5t"l ~~l.lttl!;, ~t~t~1 '!{~9{tt~ ""ll ~~~~ ~"lt'1
M'lftt" ~~'ftlfQ J)C'lji c<\t~' <n~ C\!itQ'\t~~"lo{ J)'I(~"t~' ~towt~ '!lt~ ~. ~ mc~ Cll ~~'lji '!{tPlqt~ 1.,~ ~~C\!i~ 'Q'\tt~ ,!{<1~i 'St~l.l1 9f~t\!ift", I
0fI I ~~ <\'¥<\~ 9ff~t~~1 C<1tl:(~ (''5{f\!ift!~ '!{tl.l~t~~' ,,,tcOfI '!l' t"l~ ~ ~~ 'l"l~ ~~ ~t~~~ ~~t{g 9fnt'1~ ~tuQ'\(~
"l~ifti1 ,O{t~tlft~ CJ)tQt"tQ<1l~~ "IW~~ ~9f~, f"~<\1 ~fil~ '!fht,,~ ~
"~M'ljiQ N:i~S'l,!{<1~~~\!i 9fft!~~/0{
<\1 J)~'ftQ'\~'IltM"<ftlf~~t~ (~~~~-~ \!itclf~ ;ft~ ,O{t~1 N.",-~m$
C"<fCl; ".
.~~l:'lji~ N:i\!i~cQ'\tt'~ ,!{<1~11!l\!iJ~\!it~t~~ <1lfQ'\t~c~"Itf$tQ'\I 1E<t Cll~tc~
i;t"1, ~~s<t ~Cl.lt~ ~1 <!tnT~ C<Ilt~i;t~1 ) i;t~ "I~~t~ "Q\1 <1~t\!i'8~Jf1 9ft-{on I
'Ifl f~~''''tt<li~ ,!{<1~1
~tQ'\~~t\!ift'" ~~Oj \!ir~tclf~ '!{~~1 ~l.lc\!i1N~'1 ~t~t\!ii~
f,,~~~liN ~t~fil"<f fiil'ljitR~!tQ~ "~t\!i"jl,j 9fft!,,~0fI" ~l.l \!i1 ~~ 9f
iI1l ~~t\!i "'tf'ltQ'\I f,,~ "It~ "IC~ '!{t~'8"~~~ 'l<tO{tt"l~<l'~t'8 clfRt\!i ~~t<1 I
~ f~ 7
f~9~ \!itilit\!it~ CQ'\tt<'l'~'!{q~1 ~t~t9f ~~t\!i "Itf$t"l I '!{tc'lt'ft~ CSCl.l~t~~'1
~~r;'1li1l1li9f ~t\!)t~ cQ'\tc<lif;{:~ ~~t\!i "'tf$t"l I

~il.l1 c9J~'lttfil;ft' I f'f~ ~~t'lji~ ~~ ~tl.l1 0(11,~'lji~ '5{t<lt~ ~t'l C'fIl "~~'lji ~feO{g~<l' 9f~~\!i't0{~ mcjf\!i
?'iW/9f'lji~~C0{1 ~t.,tc~O{, '''1<\ ~"<f ~Jt~ I' ~~C"<f 'I(~:~Q'\ cQ\?;'f ,fl
"~~~ ~~1 ~~t'" ~Rtu 9fRl~~ clf~1 llt~t\!i~ I ~N;r;'lji~ "I<tort"l1O{t'lt9ftyt
Cll '1~~lf "<ft'ltt~ ~"tf"l~ ~ \!iit~ cif~f~ J)ttQ'\~ lf~ H"I"·,,l;i~
~i{ '''to{ ,!{~"It"<f ~t~~~ "<fR1:~1
fifl.l1 f$tl,ltc~ I 0 C"<ft~t'8 ~ \!it~t~ I:("l<fl;r
~'~"<f~tcO{ ~~f;{ s." i;t~tl.l c~~t~ I "I~~i~~ ~iftc~ J)tQ'\~~
~\ ~l.l Olt~ I '!{t<lt~ '!{;;J c"<ft~t'€ ~l.lC\!il ~t~t~ '8 CJ)C~ "<f~ ~~tc~ I
'!{Plc~- \!il~l '!{t"lo{~Q'\ c"ltti;~ '1~~~ <\5Qt~9fi~f;{-,!{<1~ "IHtt~ ift1{
~tt~~ ~'IIt'1 ~~~1 llt~ c~, "Itl:(t~'1 '!{~~tC\!i'8 Clft"!~ ~<l' ~<f ~tco{~ '!{tf~"
\!itclf~~ '!{~~~~S/O{ ~t~~~1 Cl( C"I ~11"1 ~t~tlf~ CJ)tQt~lftt"l 'l~~
~ ~Q'\ ~" ~" ~~"l I ~N;t'lji~ "I"ll.l C"I~ ~"lJl;r <lt~1 f'ltl.lt~'" I
'Wl I!lt~, ~\!i "ItOW~'O{~ I '!{'lJ filt<f '!{t~. Pl.~){ '8 filMl;t~
~t~1 ~J)Cl.l 'lt~"I~ C"I~ ~fil~O{ ~~~ lfQ'\, C"I~ "l~'$~~ ~lf11l
~1~ '1t~t~ f\!;~c~c~~ ~lftt'I( ~lftt~ 111 J)tQ'\ l!lil;1 I!lt~, \!it'8 9((
,~~~ C"I~ M'ir~t~ ~ 'l"l~ "I~J)~ <fe 9ft~l,ltc~O{I ~t~tclf~ '!{cO{t<ff;{:~ -
~~111:~'lji '!l:t~'8 'Sl.l~"~ ~t~ "<fQ\11 <f111:'1,~C<f ~"IQ'\ ~t~ ~ j
fwr.~ I ftt~~1 'IIt<m"lt~ lft~~ cQ'\t", ~t*~f<t>i ~fit '8 ~ ~'~<f
'S~~~ c~1'¥1~~'lji, '!{t~ 9JfQl~~'8 ~ (ift"! f;{lft~'1 ~ttwtl5t<lI ~ ~f~\!i ~~ f~qy, ~tm1 f,,~'lji'1 ~f~\!i 9fifil~tc~ I ~~ ~C"<f~
CQ\t<f~~ <1t~"I1Clf"! ~<1~ c~M '!l:t"lt'8 "<f~\!i m~ 0fI I ~ ~~ ~~ f<ll:"!~ f<l'~~ ~ O{t~ I ~~ ~tc11j ~t~tc~ C~~ C~~ ,!{<1~flli~11
~~Q'\1 Clft"l~ ~"Itlft~C'1Q "ltl:(J'8 f~~if ~~<j' ~R ~<\~ ~~ <1~ I ~,&'lji~ 1j'IIl,l ()~S,,-~~ ~t~l.l~'1 ~~t\!i '8S-~~ C'I( 9f~'Ig) ~~
lfQ'\~M~ '8 ~<1l:~~<Ilt'lt~~f~ ~9ft~ '<j't~'ft~-,J)j~t~tHt~~ ~9{ff· -~O\i;t~ '!lt~'8 iW~l5tc~ ~~l.ltt~ I \!iT~ ~~~tC<1 clfRr;qy, 's" "IttO'[~
 ~f~~ ~fi(~t'"Pf~ ~~. ~~~1 ~t~f~~ ~ift~ ;r~I ~t'1~'1 ..!I~1ft~ ~\!5~~ ~~T 'Sit~~i
@
\!1:<1:<l't~'SifU1:~~R ~ ~s~t~, ~1:~1.~?;~~ ~<l't{'1
~~~O{~~ 9ff~<1:~"'t;r~ ~.,1 S~t\!5~", ~~1 \!5t~~ '~'lf\!5I" (.~ .•~~ @9f<l'~cj-(3f<l'~ f~~ ~t1:~ I -!l~ 1l1t\!5'1~~t5f1l"1t.rt 9fful<l'1~t1:.,1 <l'C~
~~~
<
) 6t~CO'l 'Si~~'\1 ~C\!5 9ftr.~ ~C<1: ~O!)ct!l9t~ ~?;<1:f<f.0{1
}j?;ilf~I ~?;<1:
~~~~S{ ~t9f1
<!l9ffil'1f\!5'llt~f<l~ <1:C1J, f<t;~ '1~tf\!5~ I ~t~"lts{ ~~ ~ ;y~,R! ~ ~~~ 1S1?;"li~-(3~1~ ~11~~ lltc~ fo1it~ Clifol<l'~t*'Si~ ~cS{ O{j O{~ ~~
C1r., RtS{ f*~r.~ I ~t~ ~~8~-~ ~t'l:ts{ ~~C~~ ~~1 CWt~'5{t~ f~ ~~~ ~~ ~~m ~~t'Sio{ I •
o
~~c\f f~~t\!i 'l~c~ts c'l:N ~s{~ Olj c~J C~~~1C~S{~'l:C~ ~~O{ ~~
Current Thought. :-~~'Si?;o{Sf ~tr.~ ~~ ~~~ "\14 Cijj~Pl<1' 9f~<1'i l1i~
~f;{<1:t~ ~t~ 9fi¥C~,C'l ~~tc~ ~fif ~t~,~~
"1f~ fw~~ ~ts{ ~~,f~-cO{\!51 ~
C5~0{1~~~ ~?;~0{1~?;~, 'i!1~
;y~,f\!5-~~S{j ~mlli~q;Oi?;~ CSft'l\'iji ~
.,~j
9f~DtQ'j~CliSl;' c~N ~1 ~ro~I if~ts{ Plr"tll ~tSl;'l ~~ c~, <!it~~$~ ~'ll~<\~
'1~~ ~~~Sf ~tca;tf)~ C'llt~ I q;~/~tO{( January-March) 'l~~J~ <2l~
'fiI~ ~~~S{ ~~O{ I
~i\~~ C<{C<!itc~1<2l~1{cl!t9)S{9\f~~~ ~9(Cllt$JtI 'l"9ftIf<1'9ffil~if C~'ll ~~~ ~~-
fil~ ~tr.~~-~fD~ The Road to Serfdom <\~$Sf ~~q;J 'Ol~J~ f;{1.'1~tC'f ~C~'ll'l
~C~ C\f~r.~r.~O{C~ ~<1'O{f~<!i
~rtfol~~~ f<nfc~ m~c~ ~f~'l:tlf ~~~ ~?;<1'<rtur
'!{5ifI ~Sf <!l~$ <2l<\~ ~filfo1l.lt~ ,¥9(f~ Cf)T~?r~~'l:~' 'l~~J~ ~~f9f~ q;~ ~
~ft;Sf }jIl~ts{ ~tc.,tf)0{1 c"t'll <!iC~?;~o{ I
w~"1~~~ffl~ C"l~~ ~Jt~"\'\. ~m"1.~;~l1l.l-The Sociology of the Best
~~J{-ttQ'f1-~t9ft~ '8 ~Plr.~ C"1tlSOl
0{1~'1[ C~1Jr.lis{~t'llliC<1'~" q:.,1 5tIlil1 Seller ; <\~<\J <!l~C'll,<\~'1[<\St1Jf~S{
'c.,tc~ O{c~c.,~ C"~<l' € <2l<1'1"t?;<!iS{1
~~?;li\1
~~~"tt., SfSOlt~ 'l~Mt'lC~e ~t~ <!l~fifO{f;{~,s .,t~~ ~C~Sf ~~tt~ I ~t~ 'llCOlt~gj?;O\S{
~CliiC~ ,¥Cl.l1~t., DtM~ ~T?;liSf~f<l'c~ lltr.'l:o{-'1O:{~f.l\~ "l:J'l:~t~ ~~
~~?;O{j ~~t~fil c~r.f)f;{, f~~ h"tt~ C~?;~ ~t'llli$~ 'Olt"6~~~~ ~m~'!{ ~ ~tr.aj'f'Olf;{q;tif<\''1I ~~t~'llm9f f~ ~rn~ ~?;~~O{ c~ ~. <!l~S, .,c~"1.,{ <1:1~~-
~~fu~O{~JSff)Oitc~e I 'Ol:{lit"t'HSft~, C~r.~~ P!(![, 1.~?;If~<1:~,~'Rl~ ~ ~If, lS1~folm ~~<\' <1:1c~,'t ~~'t, ~tc;y/., ~~ <!11JIIt'l~to{-\!l~ 'l'l: 0{t1{-~~1
9\NJt~, ~P!~f)<£iiq;~1,~tf't~ ~Jt1t'1m <2l~f~ <rt~"ltSf ~~~M ~~1 CII« ~~Clf~ Cf)C~~1 ~C~?;.,S{ Ci7j~~?;li~~O{tf<1'~t'11Sl;'l~<1' ~~?;., ~f~S{ ~~.!I<\
~~~ 'l~r.<1:"t (~~~ 'l~~Jt~ ~·?;liSl;<![r.O{?;~Sf
C"l~j <!l~'lr.~ cli~1 ~t~) 9ff<ffi'~ -~~f~
C<1:MI CQ'(~<1'
~ ~clJtc~f~~ ~~t~~ ~~S{ <fCS{r.~0!,
<\'?;.,<2t~ 9f\¥<1:tSl;
~O{
~s{"l I O{t'll<1'S{1
f"t~'lt~f~J~ .,"1<11~~~lftr.SfSl;C~~€ Sf~'ll"ttr..,f;{~f1l~ ~ I ~Cllr.~I ~Cq; ~ ,., <f~"l:Jc<1:N~~ ~<l'~ ~<l'Clf"lli"'rT
I c~ 'l'l: ~~ ,g9f'lJtPl~
Cq;"tt~ 8 ClliJ?;h 'l~~Jt~ ~~tl1 \?;~t9fNJt?;~~ ''5\t~Sf <1:t~<11'
Plfu'Si 1ftt{1-~- i\I1i~f;{ <1'?;<;\C~o{
'i§tCli~'6 ~~~ Cll_Ij'O{~tfil~ ~~tc~tSf 'I'C'1J ~'llt~ ~ -f<l'llC~
~Sf Clfr."tSf<l'~j 9\r.i¥'~ ~?;~ C~~ I ~Sf~~ C.,~1 Cq;?;Sftt"lSf~~"~ '!{. ~ <.!I~~
~tc.,tI50{1<!SS{?;., c"l:M,.,J<1:torc~tc~1 I
<2l~@ 'OlCO:{~
O{~<1:~C\f~
8 ~~ <1'1'1
~ ~c~~~C'l: f;{:'lCilf~ I c~t~ \!3q;i¥'l~ cl!t9)~ ~~ 1~~~ <\.,C~~?;O{9fi¥7!: Current Thought <1't'lllf~ <!l~o:{~9f1l~ c<\St?;Ofl.
~~~
~~t~ C~T.•t'1[Sl;~~'ttr..,Sl;\~'l;ttH <\St'llt"1""12t'ftlf
e CW~~'ltlf mt9ftllJili ~~;g~~ 9ffil:~ fw?;\!59fmlf;{ I ~?;O{~ <\'JtfiI"l:t\f C~?;<1'@~~ :Jj~t~~~q:tli 'l<!~
ftN>~~ <1:"C~ ~r.~I
'Ol1~\S <::>?;Sf?;~O{ ~?;<f 'i§tcliSf ~~ C~<1'~1 ~ . '1~I5t.,<!i'C~s{
~:~~ I ~~ 1j~~Jt~ <2l~~ <2l<1:C~~~~~ llDi 'l~~ <l't'l~$~ ~~-
~ftl, .c~0{0{1\!itSf1~~~Ol~ ~lJ..*'QJ \!39fC'Q}~?;.,~<1'0{0l,~~9ffil <1'~/f"!aj€ '!fill ~C~ fol'\1fil~ <fC~, ~t~c.,. Current Thought <2l'Sf~4"1., ~~t~M~ "l{?;'1J
gd' f.!:JjCilfC~
'i!il~J{g~~ 'Ol11!o:{
9ftC<1:
I
India d World Affairs: An Indian Quarterly:
Pro£. Mihirkumar Sen, M. A.
Torch Bearers: Editor. Mrs, Usha Sen. f<l~l5t ~~
<rtig1~ 9ffilf)1~~ ~~ ~$ O{~O{~~?;Sflli"19f~~tSf~ <2lWI<1' Hind ~tt;y ~C'l 9f~sc~s{, <2l~tc"t ~Q'('i{$~I ~-m9f~"l~s{ <!St~'l~Sf1 ~t~«lt"<1't~
\<!i'1-lj~~~ <\S~1~tcO{O{\!>tSf1 ~~c~~ ~qt?;<\:O{ I ~/~o:{ 'l~~1 ~<\Stc"t 'Oll<!tSf
Publication Limited. <2l~'ll$ <2l'1tO{~S{tllio1"r~\!3 ~~;\1f~~
,,~~ <rtlfl '<lr.1J-'9ffil:f)l,l'~ C,~~ ~9(1 ~'\1 ~~1?;O{ <l'~/S1~?;"If~~/'<@ ~~ 1
c~tPl~ Current Thought 9f~~tSf '1~Co{s{
I C~TM~ <2l~ ~ 'lt41 <1'nt, ~CO{ ~'~<l' ~r.~ ~?;lIJ 9fftl~ ~~<f Pl9f\f ~~lJ1 <l'$~ ~~J~ -
~'1J ~?;o{<1' ,"J'l:tO{ ~~ 9f1~~1 ~~, f~~ C<1'~1 ~Mi i[ft ~ I ~~fif;{ ~~ ~<1'~'1 ~t~~ ~~~~ ~ ~ <1'~"l:0{I ~f~
C1{r.., 0{1I ~\!5"1~~t~llith f~fu?;~ ~1 ~~ 'IStSf'!~ c~ ~~ ~<\l') 9\~~
 9\fi1sc~ '~'(g<\l"-9\fi1s~'~\Stc~ ~~1 ~t<\Sc~-e~~1 ~t~ ?l.~~ ~~~ ~
<fi'f31 ~~~ 9\tftT"11I C~-'!<I ~~ \!i{t'l~1 ij~tc~1sO\l <fi~C~ 5t~ ~~'(3 ~
\!i{COl<\S
'!'lC~ ll~t<!ltt"! ~<ilt"t '!~<t9fQ ~~"l1 I <1l~~ c"!~<\S'(3<2t<\St"l<\SC~
\!i\t~~i ~psf"l1 st~ I ~tc~ \!i{C~
~ ~~ \!i{C"I<\S
'!~~ c"l~ 9\~ \5fRl
c
~~ "111 <1l~9\~c"!, ~COl ~~, <2tt~ ~~tm ~~f~~s<\S f<l~f~ ~"<!lt"l ~twI ~
c<\StCOIi9\~ '"l~ I <1l~"IC~C<!l"
\!i\t'lQi 'ltt'! ~tc'! \!i1 ~~t"l "<!l~C~ csi1 ~_
9f<i?lf"t <1~-~~~~, ~~ 'l~~T1
~~ <1l~9\ "ll"1~f~-~c~~ c<\Stt"li C"<!ltt"l1~c~Q 9\fi:s~'(3 9fC~ <2t~tfilt\! ~
<1l~~<1l~C\!i<lC"!~1~ ~C~n~"l I I5It<1tl',~~N

<2tt~ "<!l~tQ ~c~ ~CIfJ ®1~~ ~'1til'\~t~ Qtc~Of ~"I,t~

iitC"lQ '\!i{t"<!lt"l',
'<rt~c~~', 9J..C9~~'ltii \S~tDtctt '~t9'l~' ~~f~ ~'ltciiQ ~\!i. ~~ ~nl~ I
<fi~l-'!tf~\!iRl <I~~~ ~'ltCiiQ ~i(g~~ ~c~c~I <1l~<ofC"l<\S~M
~C'ii~ 'lt~
\!i{~'ltii,\!i{C~<\S~M
~c$l~cllt~r <ltiS1.1i
~D~1 I
c~'l:(silf-<1l~~£IPl'qi f~"1 ~9f~t'l 'c'lt'iitOl' (f~~~~., c'!., \S "ll9~'51 ~to{l
\!i{~'ltif411·), *~~1.'lt~ f'lC\!iQ 'C<!l"t~t~"!'(~1I)o). ®1~~~~C"lt'ii~~ni) ~
~W\~~~ 'CQ.:'!~<!tii' J, fD'eQ~"l ~lTC~~~~t'!
(~.... '~t'€~t~. fol"tt~1' (~,J, ®1~~~
C'lC"lQ'~~ \S \!i{~~' (~,\ '!~"1~t~ ~t~'\l"1~ ~9f~t'l '~~f1' (8,,), \!it~t"lq
<!CilfJt9ft(ntt~Q ''!ilf''19\~ 9ft~"lt"!l,' c~t9ft"! ~t"!'iitc~Q 'l~C~~ <fi~fD\!i '9f.tt"Il
9f~' (~~ '!~~9), 1~~9\.t'"fl', 'C~~"l 9\*t"l', f<l~~ ~c~t9(t<lm~~ '''ll~t'iir9f~~~~,
- (~~ ~~,~,,), ~t~l., C~~<\S~t~"l~'! "!~9f~tt"l~ c"!~l 'I!{fit~;;§'(\!i\C"lt<\S
~C~ ~~~),

<Ht~~ <\SJtC9fC"~c"!~i '61t (\!i{~<!tii~-~~t"! C'!." ~1I)o)'~~Jtfif I <1l'!'l<fi'ljt'lt~C\!Jl ;.

mC., <!tiS~ 'ltft~J ~g ~~C~ I ~ ~%1 "lt~1 \!i{~<!tif~C<\S\!i{t~ ,~~
~t~c~ ~~ f<lC"lll\StC<I~~ ~\!i DC~~ -Cl.{'l" wt~i ~f"cOI~ '''!~1~~~
~~ 'c"!folC"l~ ,f\!i' ("!f~"<!li b<!i'<!\!i'~\!i{~'lt'ii, ~Uo), c,fr~h Cil'\~{ 'C1.1f;jc~~<fll{1'

\!i{~<!tlf,~no), ~~~Jl~af~ ~f~

("!f\!i~l D<1ii<!\!i"~ ''<it<l~t'lt9t "I Will Not Rest"·
<1l~\!i{~<!t'ii'Rit~ "l'l~~' ('lC~t~~'lt~ 'iiC\S~\!i{~<!t'ii,~Ii0) I
<£l~-'!tf~ ~"lli 'l"J'qi ~c~ <I~ ~$l~c~tm ~5"lt~ '(3 '!i\tcaojts;ITli,cWl,
~t: ~C9\OlO\t~ifC\S~ ''lt~C~J ~~N.',~~1.~t~ sc~t9\t<lJtt~~ '\St~C\!i~~i1fI••
'5t<li ~~' (~lIto), ~rffi'!~~~ ~~~t~ O\l"lt ~~, ~ ~t"lt~taoj l<f <1l~
~<lStR~ ~i 'lt~I('tt~ -e ~t~c.,f~<lS ¢~-,~, '!i\~~ C'lC"~ '~~~ 'lt1t'.
~~t;ft C'lC"I~ '~fu;~9\C~ <!t~a;'l'I \!i{\!)J~ ~0Wlf~ <fi~i c<\Stc"l1 c~.ttt
<1l<lStf<f"
'!~~~9 ~C~C~, <1l~9\'il'l<! ~ ~<1~ 9\r~f~ ~C~~, <1l<!~.,~~ <lSC~
9ffU1
<1l~c~i"ii~<!l"~
~~ 'It, C\!)'l"l<l;~-~ '!t<rt~'1~ '9fftTSnl' '!~tc~tRl O1i <lS~CiI-e
~C$l~~ 9\n<lS 'It<!t~~ 9\~ ~C~g-'il'l." \!i\t~"! ~t'lt"lC\!)~ 'il)"I~' (
i'\~:~~'1.
iiPl ~l 0 ) I
\