CLEAN WATER FOR ALL

IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA

Deforestration

Problem
Background

High cost in
producing
Clean water
Less clean water
Polluted river
produced Lack of access to
Supply <<< Demand
clean water

Over exploitation of
+
groundwater JAKARTA REGION
Less capacity of BOTABEK REGION
water company
Mountain Higher
grounds, with
deforestation
Rain water
POOR PEOPLE:
Industry QUEUEING FOR CLEAN WATER
Sea Water Intrusion Dropping Ground Jakarta
Water Level

Scheme of Water Sources in Jakarta Java Sea

General Theory
Sea Water Intrusion

Existing Conditions !Everyone has the right to access

water (UN 1977)
Geographical Condition:
!Located in Java Island,
Division of Pipeline Water !Water is a public good, but its
Indonesia
Network in Jakarta scarcity makes it an economic
!Area: 650 Km2 Java Sea
!Flat Area and Surrounded by good
Bogor, Tangerang, and
Bekasi Region (BOTABEK) Zone 4 Zone
Zone 3
!Valuation: avoid water mis-
1
allocation and environmental
Zone 2
Piping Area of clean water
service
degradation, and increase
by PT PAM
Lyonnase Jaya By
PT Thames PAM Jaya
efficient usage
Zone 5
N Zone
6
!Some principles in water
management are equity,
efficiency, fairness, and
SERVICE COVERAGE OF CLEAN sustainability
WATER IN JAKARTA 1993-2002
100%

90%

80%
Scheme of clean water
70%
Poor People buy water
Management and stakeholders
Percentage

60%

50% Target
Realization
10-25 times higher than
40% CENTRAL
30%
piped water GOVERNMENT
20%
2
10% LOCAL
0% GOVERNMENT OF: 6 PT. THAMES

Jakarta Metropolitan Area 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Year
? BOGOR
? TANGERANG
GOV’T OF
JAKARTA
1
PAM

! 12 Million Inhabitants (2005) ? BEKASI 2 PT. LYONASSE

! Center of Economic, Social and The population served by the pipeline 1 : Operasionalisation
HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVE 5
network is 41% in 1996. The target for 2010 2 : Regulations
Political Activities 3 : Claim/Suggestions
3

Regulations: Starting Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) in Limited capacity of 4 : Claim

5 : Water Distribution 3 CONSUMER
Act No. 7/2004 : Water Sources 1997, Concession with French-based
Local Government Regulation No. 13/1992 : company PT. Lyonasse dan British-based
Government to develop 6 : Coordination

NGO (YLKI)
Function of PAM JAYA (Local Water Company) clean water provision 4

Recommendations Technical
Institutional Spatial Policy !Developing pipeline
!Strengthening the ! Integrated Spatial ! Progressive prices for system to cover a larger
local water Plan for different classes of part of the population
company (PAM JABOTABEK customers !Improving the quality of
JAYA) ! Interregional ! Giving subsidy for low water
!Improving cooperation income groups (poor
mechanism of (Jakarta and its people) Social
public private surrounding local ! Educating people for
partnership governments) using water efficiently
approaches ! Clean water campaign
FITYAN AONILLAH FEBRY BUDIANTO ARI SULINDRA BEN STRATING SITI AMELIA RONIE LAUXEN
S 1623273 S 1623303 S 1623281 S 1566725 S 1624601 S 1553747

FACULTY OF SPATIAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS, 2007