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-15-

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onol dr1 otrootocr41'qg-i1l"tou. H pol r4g li.torrlg orinvopo).ia4mo opro rr1; or$ooodlpo; nopol)olc{fl. TropirllirJp-q.von trlv Fol ltprl rrlg, $ }"dl1oro ,rpi -3.21o/"6ao'l l.rrn 0pio(slor oro dqrlfto (pXtr dralo4 Flq) r.ot +3.42!o olov rl Tl ppiolEor oro npqho onl]'elo qg ltityro'r.o rpor0a{ ol9. Elpor<ivetorotr or.reprodu<lE gq p-erapo).-iE rcu. qg rll@Flg oxtrvopoiio4 oro dnd)tspo unepr66!Kor oqv mpolq c4q drdvopo).id! x, l(oe<bg oqv neptofi z.DvFlKpoKopri|tov, ror rrlv d.oporo snqpsd(ouv cqrq trlg polg orrwopol,to4. qe (S) H dpi itq portE rl),@Kng or<nvopotrio4 oro 6p1ot4g cruoogcrgag orov 1111ppioxcro cq g.eoq a:rootooq rqg o:ro tov r1iro, Li'yecoL Wm'2 1iror.1 orooepd xor eivot ioq npog 1.36?x103 ri 1.96calcm-'?min-r. H porl Fo qg liwrqg oxnvopd'iog oe opr(6vnc engriruelo

qrd.6p1d. o'!p6o9orpd4 r4g laproxolofi6 rnv lplpo rou etor:gxor to TEoTpoori(6 aiJitoq rou 16rtr!. -{l Ah ival uro o"ror7-eri6qc o-

txirE

2 '4.

Il e\,Epreld nou nolpvEl n oplc6vrrd' stlirdvELa An oE ox6on Ue auriv rotl no,LpveL An, r{d96ra Elriege!!6vn orlc n nlLax6c dxrLvec eEdord,roL ord it lovic. np6onrorolc rou 'H.l,Lou.

oo I fdv

IonpEpru6 ErlrE60 lxdua 2,5. IX6on |reraEt r orpargllrtr\, |tq.L

@!teTclYlr6vcv

-16-

pr{6vna Itd+dvEratct A! I tpopoltl qq oE enir6o Ki0dto dtr4 (ol, orl zo! lhdrGq dicEivS :.3) 16r, figldi I sv6gye@ TrEpvds lrovdSctou !D6vo! otl6 tlv 6'!ro(tvl4 A! roorndr $ altrq aol) rspvdsr qno tqv Ao.H Fo0c sivau

*="16.]' " ld / o t / z

(2.2)

610! d- I Bonon6dtootl mq-rllo! (oarpovolrKl povh6o), d 1 xot on6oroorl yqg-r1hou ouvz- -{orAl. H Z toorllol g rlv ievt0rcq ot6oroorl zou rli.tou (lorvitr nou dn$ari{srd't crro tnv rarax6puoo $tos r'to/Jl! Kor rlv 9!0ia nou v(ilv1 ,ropcdlqr4 g.eror' 1l.ro), xor elolxdtor on6 rqv tov rlgipo rou i-ror.:;xor ro 7oypoo1li6 nloloq qg Eprong H 1Fplota nH Q" tlg nl'iorrlq 6vifry6loqno! 61jpleror dno (ro opq6ftro erlrgdvero, oiod,rlpola ono o!,orol,{ lr6lpr &tq tIS F" ) ao! i,iyeror grc{lia @gef46$r!T 4lroKrl orovoBollg) eivor:

tr \74 --?l Qoi-J sl -v\, I owzdt

( 2.,r )

loluel: ouvz= lFq'|p6 + ouvqowdowH (oL2.4) 6ror: p : to porypcarrd rlitog 6 :1 cz6nlol tou'Ilhou H : I opraio yovia tol,'Hhorr. Av .o ivolr yovldKrl tdrranto .qq lqg to.e: <ie4{

-39-

2s ( d-'l1t,, ^ rqr qo = \HAIFqIF.+ow9orwdIFtt,t) 7\?jJ 6rEoo HArl ogrdio1oNto woto\E rot'l{koo.

\z a)

H yeoypoorr4 &avoFl|, 1<o.ro fujqKel{r tou kouq, t4g cltqv o1)uio48iveror oro o; 2.5, w6 11errloo ropeia. qg oe Euiqopo 6ivewLoro o'L 2.6. leoypo4rrd zr],riLq, Ar.6ro oxqgard.2.5 Kal2.6 elouge6a: d) trq rolFpwbq iEe$ovb \ aoq)'io ro0' 610 to 6109

ropoglvsr o1e66v oroeEpn.Ao16 oqoi).r,or o'co6o oa4 nptotig ol)tq to Z 6vsivol ,!ori g.ei'dlurpodJr623.5" &oprei nono 12 dlpeg. rar 1 g-6po, p) H FliorA efiloro prdtokl trlg ropotlp.irdl drolg n6louq

T1lv onoo c)(6t nFil OKorti zo lapepv6 ltrootrioro (ptine Krulofl! Tng)nou o ?llrog xoO' 6lI trlv lplpo eirot Kd.toJ an6 rov op(owcg Ev6 y'vsrol pilcroto 0epw6 noo r1 rtlLpa 6spra24 apse. 45" T) :6 To1po4rl(67r,)vhog npinou,rd?or4peizor roto. to 0cpw6nhoorddo, oro p6pao ror to lagepnv6 cro v6ao lgrogoipro lvo sweper:ovg.!1roro.fev'trti 6oo oolcrverot ro yE0}lpd'grK6 nl4tog 1600 ele"rd)vE-roL rolol(olpl 1 ro poil d,@KrlE orcrwopoi,i-a4, d,).ri orlcveror rt &6pteto

qg rppo.{.
6) Koz6 trp rntiormlq 0epp1 nspio8o tou 6aoDE Koe o yo}ypo.rDiKd nlhoE I rolll,o oro \r6flo lpooo{pl,o ivol g.eJol,lureprl to p6pao. TtKi 69o19, owoltr<6 ano to

40xclr'1cPrr(ix |llrlll^Irox .tfi. o[o. 22421 aAP ilt rlr6rEFta ria|l

il[i\\."\

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A ^t[

23 t['|rt

a Noari.

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r.fl,tlatllt0,itl

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_41_ '1006weplsrd{ rot) rnipvolr td. &jo ,lll'oqoiptrr sivdl i&o, &6a q 0eppri repio&g rou votioq eivorr<atoeznrt Itripg lllrporsgq,on6qv 0pp1i ,rpio6o Bopiou. tou O pu0pog lropol,qqqg ao4l,icEgs to Teoypc9rx6 rl,ritog 6w eivorco0ep6grcordtrlv &dplcaotou s!o!g, dlJd, E{valswo_ v6tspog lsrgbva on6to rcJ.oroipr"(plbre a1. 2.7). Xto"leyo_ to vogooro ogiLsrot 611 r<uxtogopio orpooqopd4Eivole_ ?o q trlg wov6tepl tov lagrbvo on6to roloxcig"
30 60

-40 -60

XX. Meropohi qg eroqlioggero polpogrr6 zLntoq. 2.7

2.4 Erri6Pdon rqg ArF6oQslPdg 6rnv HIldKIl AKnvopo^id.

uio axrLvo8ol,:o rpoonioEL o'6vo ulLxo nou 6.v {vdL ra).rro ua).or orl'ur 16re alo rLeooc rnq 90 or!o(o9i, 3vo ltEpoc 90 atrooportgEi ).oL ro urdloLno 9o.rEpdoeL !.n6 ro q6uo. 'Eoro l Ra! n,l.en rooEay\,nrrkn orrrlooo),to l!6Bouc iiua.ioc evtcorlc I(l), trou 6lapxro! an6 ila r!!6lai.rovec ulLx6 rd:xolc dx {oxiu.1 2. ?} , 'ors!

ir-L

r rl,l

I
!x.2.9

Ed\, $E(,)ptloo 6rL ev 6x{, r c d L.. 9d E{.!dr.:

u. rdgo).i rnc e\,.-coirc

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"(l')

rtrr

,.

c \

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r 0 , ) = { t , ) L ( r , ) u= o ( r ) L ( r ) r . l 6rou L{r)M !,nd rnv

l2'

6)

n ].atrrD6rnrarou u}.Lr.oi oe uiroq x0}ts.roc^ 2.It xaL 2.12 Xo:

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{ L { r ) r r- r 1 1 y )

12.'+ )

-q3 -

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orlJc o(),)

= k,r,

dx 6nou

k,1\

o.rpdulrlx6c ouvrElEsric

dnopp6(|'r)otc.

Apa n 2 . 1 3 y L v E r o ! :

dr {r,) ' k ( r ) ( ! ( l ) u : r ( t &

( 2 . 9)
.ivc!

ECoool schvrarzchlld) . A! oio uixoc xtuaroc ), n L(t)M

dr(r) - - k trt I (r)d"

(2.9 )

L..

-L-

L..

tl)^

(2 . l o )

6rou I(tr) rl dvtdon ox.r!\,o9o}'tac opxlxic alraonc I(l)o rou 6!aistx.! rrixoc x .\r6C ul,Lroo (Nduoc Beer). Av drouuc lctr o|(e6aon (- anotdxpLvon q,rrovio! drl6 rnv dpxLxri ,6ol1nlre uErogoiti rrlc 6Le00uvottcxivnoic rouc ) r6rE Bo('ovo"iloyi.a ..ooc ro! \)duo rou Aaer 4 sdoga\rnon dl(l) Od.eivoL: u t , . ^ , - - s 1 ; . 1 r 1 1 1d " orou s(r) ouvrE^eornc oxEooortc .

( 2 , \ r)

o 5,r, cEcotdtc. ltupioc dr6 1o oxErLxd uelsgo! rov t{d\rtcrrv oxdooonc rou u).l&o'j oS npoc ro uilros xiruotoq ),. Au n uaon ukrivo rov ndvronv ox66oonc.ivo.L R t6rE! o) .itd z[n/l < 0.1 6xoo|re ol.a6oon Jrayletgh

F ) r l o 0 , r < 2 E R / I < 5 0 a x o u s o x t o c o l t N l c x o l yl lla ?rR/I > 50 gxouU. llydlo xgvrpa or!6.ronc xd! i) orrlllrpLq.rpa rrc dxlL\roFol,lac nou reors! o'ourd r.ogroifera.L and roua vOUouetnc Yol.ErpLrllconrlritc, ' o ouvfE),Eorig oxa6dcrts yLa oxi6oon Hayleigh 6i.\r.t(\! ond 1rt

- |lt'

sznl {n,^, - r)2

(l) :ra"
12.17-l

6T!oun{t) o Eeixrrtg 6!d.9}.aonc rou adpo.xo,! N n aolgtrntlxi nurv6rnra tuu uodtr,w tou o,epo.
A116rnv 2.18 exo 6rL o S(I) tou I- (rold.Clo xp6!c oupavoi). '0ro\, exl,) oxe8sdn Mle 6xo: Ei.!o.! q,vrlorp6ooC o,vd).oloc

s,.. = ir-r

(2.19 )

6nou D ouvrEl,.orig ncrj EEcoriral oE6 ri! rluxrrdrn.is tdv oounil6|:ov xo,r y ncpdUetpo! no! olc,iTti'lerqr drav auEdleicrL ro l,tIegoc rov cqrorl6i.rv, Iro ||.[vovlxdg ouvoitec y=I.3. An6 rnv 2.I9 exo 6rL r!d. oxf6oor U1e o S().) exar ]r!x,rd_ zcpr E5ugrnon c,n6 ro l, {Aeux6xpoun 60n rou ouoavoi 6rav dxo roha aEpoltudro) , l.ro oxfiuq. 2.8 6lvetar. n 6Lovoli oro xdrpo rnc q(r!r|i, evraonc (,rrEooi6uc1,r/noooranaouos) rnC ox6d.E6ucvncd,:rr,!o9ola(!c yld ot{e6dcn aayler.gh {o) xo.! ylo dllE6aon {Le oc dolc.ri _ 6La ui 6LalocperLxd pe.rdgn. Av o avo rJllxd 8xouus xaL ox66odn rar anopp6onot o vjy.c tou Beo! Ypd@Eror:

dr
6""u u(^) = \rt urlxoc xttlltog l. * sfrt

{r.) "

- u111r 111dx

12.)tl)

xar )dYeral oultc)eorric E:aogdvnorc yle

a. txcocon Rayleigh

9. xreaaon Mil:j

,.. ,. -F:-<:=*_==:='-.

!X.2.9

Ard!D)I\ oro Xdpo rtg oxerL)rnq ijJradle or.c6ocoEeure onrL.voBo).ilac (a = hR/,\)

rre .

46H flrad1 urtuopollr @D el.obp$;'dt otlv drp6oqatpaq9 loyo eroppoqrlolgrcarorce6aoqq" orhw 2.2 e{oo0evsi Eao 1119 q6 qaivEraldt110 qdoFd, liuarlg orrrvopolJagoqv anqdrclr rqr. o.r.ppoflcrl9, trlEpg roporoui(erzrclljdpto|rs Tpa+rtr q6vEg rupia4 oqv rtsproplrot uepu!6orErct too rmepugpoo. 6w EivorXcporqptonx6 to on oqv snqivao tqg 1119 6g1sta1 orrr,opoll4 F prtrogrrip.otogtlnq6r6podir6 0.29F8 ADr6 too ogeilsror169o orqv anopp69r1or1 6(owogroq rcord6sulopo rov 161o,cop onopp6qr1oq df,}ov o:plov dEqvar,6ren ffi96ogotpo.To roooor6 69o9qg lkerlf qcrflopdiaS rrouqrrcppogdtcr.on'1v mptopl oul lvalp!q6, q6 t&tlg too 2%. E'lefi I sroroFq qg d1Fooqdrpd4 lnl|<ll(rrpdrogF!(p6Tr.r tspo o:tb3ga orco ppinrdtol to 99%q 1lurqE crovopol{cg, qv 6ivatdrllgcwl qqv orpooqopo 1,ro 8uiriool r4g l),torlg otot rdvoBo dg 0ol'l!sr. o v6goq Bccr. ro tqv tpo'noogopo1l'rarti ornvopolia uroppogouv 6toTa Ee{6oror &rpcxcror or o6pozgoi" qdoparo omppoqqolq rov aepiovowrirv,rc06g ror to owolrr6 gdopc oaoppoglo4q Elvowdro.o 01.2.10, ! o rordldplreogd4o6n trlg orpdoqarpc4 vc4 noptordrver *ov6npo onoppoqloqgror o opr{6vrogto r4v lrbog Kfgnro. Aoroppogloleriolg iXoupr ot6 t6pooroywegxor royorplr cdlllrq a:rb ra06g rco.r, ro cepoligcrc" H rdSpaq 6!09 z6r, eivcr6wwo patc$?'r1r{ ororlsiov ourcbv

lr

qg >f 2.I 0 OdoFarodn ppoqqorlE o1t.tooqowo4. H rtfuar<rl drcrvopoltar@! ,lEqretora &dgopaoDordtu(d qg (dtopcLFopuarowo, oogmi&o) oxe6'c{sr6. 0tt6otp6ogcrpc6 H 6dol oqEitrrd oe avd.rdrq, rptol-dnl, &t6ladn, ri rar oDv&nopo tov gcwopslov owtiv. Kord ttlv orsdoq efou1r 4qstlg oh,qort q|(lwopoMd4 fEo lrEidpofiq qS &E$ewq!grtqolg tov gotoviov lopig vB fr8ld9lrlo6iI ergyed1or4.Aror6Leollr qg or46aolg elvcr,to 6111 ryEgyerrr orrwopolla6 ro! tpterdr onp anqrdruerc yr19 t1g pr*y'mcp1 oun; rol rpoorirursr eivcr, o,rm ora 6gurqE ot|.l6dq(trpag. noo6qg al<lwopouag or6dTo 'too pte, rag6g r<ct1 8rcvolrl rrlg crnvopoliag rou 4er sK66solei rq npoE fuilqopg &El)o{voe4 lirpor, e{cgrdtor, io qt6!rtou drd pfis0ogrov xsrrupov r<6 or66cor1g ntog to prlrogrogmog rrlg o9 d.Kntopolid4. Xr4 mpoogcrpcr, trp lrtpoxfi Bqr6v KrlFatoq rlL$dlg rrlg 1o drdvoFoljdq ouFF.livEi o(!6ddl Rrylciglf ctav ra l(wrpo orf!

.48 -

6oaIEsivarFoprc!, 6rop!, rt rovroKal slrsrirto qu.tsXsoolgoxs5oor19 eivoroniorpogo ovdJtoyog tt:roprrrlE q9 8wqrrlg tol p{ror4 rripcroEa1gosrwopo}ica to FxpA Frftq rcupntog orcs6(ovtul vlov6tso(! Erc pyw6g o116ogsiLsrorxor ro pli(ro oupolxbgo To1r

vo{ 6t6fl $ laoql) rov o1)pov6 rEedil Fhal./J, tpl.c\rot a.o, W 9or6vta olroor66co1qg lltorqg crrwopol,iag rcr oro got6uo pi6q i<6t-rdrog. arxd uegrspouv owd noo fuow pr.rp& Avtt0ca tctd' trp cvotolil ri Euo4 riloq out6gror q 1uporsu ,tsFofri zoo iou dopclor! {ow 1rdpd rorrrv@n6,erei8ri crov zrcpct4prlt4 iplovrc <cn' srfsiagr gorerveg crriveg rcu elow Erorpgtcr geTdto q.qt!r. qq (rtlr6oeorpqgrdl' 4ow so!G1,og ld'oe! Lryo or!6oo19Rrtlcign, pfirl,o rcooot6 cnotr5 pxpol Ftlroostorlorog .lcwopouro4. Av ofit! drpoogorpo orqiptow oopotiiroo sloupsrot or66ay dI Mic. H r!op6!a!pog t4q 2.13,,Eo!FJ'ac6verormov ot{cve. ror,ro piyeoq oogrr6tov, os 1uop6o1orpooqopo elsl np tov rlFi 1.3. Ea\, 6po9 or4v otyboqopo udplor'v gaydk rchnpa ot!6aolg 6nllg ,E.X, oqv ctp6ogctpopag t6l1E rcr6 op 6uirp r.En!nE1l'o8l,oo'lavaqgp!op1 iler dFll tlg rd4ngro! 0.5. va F EropevoE orc66cgrt o ouvreleonlqor66cc4gsl61tloht on1 Mic gn<y'otep1 to {darqol cru5 pqrog r$pa.toqo*o 6o ora o<66coq Rsylei&. Av dqv a4r6aqorpoftffpatt1 ox66ac4 Mq to oufXp6vo6 f i/iplouv rar rrcM psldAal<6wpaorEdol'lg (2nRA > 50 ) t6te to lrdrpcrtor oup<rvoo cro oroirr 1 orcnvopoX;lrt crrdt{.d,tor,

_49-

sivorlsuxolpouv,&on os owEucop rcr, getr1gcopcorl &cvop{ qg tuctvopofic5 oqv ra+dr$a qg mg ro 9o}t6vu, nol} <pltmo;tor eivct, ol66v,toorotorrol.tlgEvo p4<q xripotog oto too opctorL >to ofipo 2,8rqpqrt1poup6n 6ooolfiveror ro pffiog rov rEwpov sddal'lg 1600rf,lrrdvesl I (ol)ouloorilD4!!lqon t1g cxnvopd,ica rcr pril.rorcoq orsdcq Rayleign 50% qg to crnvopoliag ore66{ets,1e1aft(ftn& qrr &ruOwql qg arcrvoFofios arnvopolto.etaoOe.uel o4r6oqarpc E9' 6oov1 1fu.orr1 cnp 1 qltTvtrr4dlvl4 p9 0o sivarpxp6rep4cno 6a oro 6erollio tqg pt{tqq ol|l6oedrloq4 u,rofoftd[6q qg 1quaa crqv en4&veu O rlg fqE ivqrOuqptlg 6wn 1 rrcv6npc otoppoqqqEqE oqooqarpcggatcpdX-X"etal h.tovo pe to pltoq nFntog trlg 1)ocrrlq prv(rr roo !Lou. orrwo$olfugrcl a1(aa10torr1 oav Edr op{.,ooDp 8urg&vero pSoou qlko e1,6g to t1g e(ep

npog X61tsvr1E t4v tt?ooninroloopoq ortoopoLiog,sivcr 8wotov pe vc ttpoo6ogoc{, &cA6poDg !0660119 LoEwalrq 6rcp& tr.r4 voroqg alpoogorpoS rp E roFr,og qv 2.3tl ac4fic Qo- oqv erarivarl a1gfiq 0r!6
0o eivdti Qoa= QorM ( 2.15) }o olil1.to 2.Il diverot 1 Teoypcawi Stcvoprlqq 6rolr.id 6!qv rlrerilvElo' FIg yrz cvagelo oupcvq ror. roo&rvr4l1 6razrlE gdrjs-tc g cnoogcrpc4 0,?. q

.5U -

XEIMEPINON HAtOtTA!lON dEX. OE8.

EAP ITIH IIIIHEPIA

OINON. HAIOITA!ION I ! H I I E P I A t0tN. 220 Al|:

XEIHEPINON HAIOITAIION

MAP Miio!

224

!ENT, NOEH- !EK, 23422

ao
70

50

,ao
30 20 10

20

/ ^*">"',2-/'-

gr .r, , \

100

-40

-70 -80 -90 224 aEK. o!8. 21 rlAe

522 HAib[ roTN.

NI\N

?34 f,EnT,

foft

22 6E't.

11 2,I lElr'4l{,a ot1 angdrErlrrlg Tl9. tqrpivowq{ ro otriFe 2.lf ye o or{go 2.5, ,t.o 6ivsrqv

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R = ( Q + q )( l - a ) - 1

' (2.1.8 )

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I - rt 6nou It. - Il

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Il

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to LooCiyLov a rlvogo).iaxqpaogE L drd rn! Ei-

Ro = q'+ I - F

(2..b)

6nou q' I F

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R9 = tq+q) (1-al +q'-F

To looCiryLo ro!

(2.:ltl

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0ou!k6 eiva!

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y\)oor6 ra oiorrlsa

- eI -

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ar.rllogolta

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yLo l.dge 6!0. no.odyovrs.

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2) 9.EqEg.LsE-w9E9}!9. H !etd)'ou udnouc xolrctoc dxrlrro9o^la .ync-d1lr6olparpoq anorelEita! oro olcrnud dr6 rnv axrLvo8ollc rlou ExnAUrcL I etrLqd\Jela rou 6drpoos xaL ouyxp6log ro ouno.rLxd rlc rgorbopcLpac - A! urc96oouuE 6r! n Err'ldvEla

- 69-

t
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EPtIKON IIOZYTION TI.IE:ATI"IOEOAIPAf,

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I

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345

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9c rpenE! n aru6oaa.Lpc trlq 1r1svo exnAutr.! rpoc ro 6rdornl]c axrLloBo).ia uy6l,ou uixouc ri'ud.roc Lon 'Apa (1.00-3I-rI). npoc 58 uo!d.6a !!o rnv loopoonLd ('ra 6pLa tnc rpor6nauonc ga npar.L vd pxovrd.L ornv roolrdo(ldLpa uE aLrr'vogolto 2 !o!d.6Ec E[eL6 xoL alaropoxrLr6c (r r+58+3r ) -98 n atudoeoLpa xr\)itoELq dn6 rn! oipd-r6oqoLpa

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-1tornv o'ru6o@aLpa E. 6Lo6Lr@(c rou 6Ev oe.Llovtdl

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=

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oELC *o!

- 72 -

rp6no n ggpuoxpao{,a 9o qjEo'vE oulExELa oror, LonuepLv6 }|oL 9u eLfixovto ouvex6c ra uEydUrtEpc yEdypclrlxd E)'d,tnt un6pxe!. ulc ueTcleop6 evEpyELdc 01lo Tov LotpepLv6 npoc Touc E6touc. H pTdoopd auTi ytvErs.L ue aLc cruoo(lcLpLlreg BLvlioeLc xer ro gc.i'd.ooLo p.tFare. EtreL6i 6tee xor'aur6v lov Ac 9Eopnoouue 6rL n rpon6oqcLpa 6LcLpEi.ro.L o f6vEs i .d.rouq iro\ia.6!ai,ou eipouc ndpa^liils npog ro! lor1EpLv6 rnc 'tnc, lro ox. 2?4 6tvovtoL TBooapc !6vec rErlypoaLxo0 n),6rouc (d,9,r,6) rou Bopetou n*LoqaLplou. To,jgoc xdge Cowc )@I6nrEL 6),n rrlv lpon6o(0s.Lpo, H C6vt o Bololle.rdL otLc rponlx6c rEpLoXc, rt B oto leoypdqLx6 rd.d.rog 35o, r1 .r orc Ueod i av{irEpa n\d..rn xa.! n 6 ytpo on6 rov 66oELo n6).o. To oEpuLx6 Looatyro xd9 a6vnc 9a EEcprAraL 1600 dn6 .rn\) oorlovtLa 6oov xdL ar6 rrl! xo'rsxdpuen u.roj9opd evapyLd.e.An6 ro oxipo 2.2,3 6xoue 6rr, ou C6vrs nr6rouc uLxp6repou .ro\r 35o 6xouv nte6vdorla !6pyeloq. ev6 oL C6vEc nldrouc ueya).irpou rc)v 35o atou! E}Iellla Err6pyeLcc. Av unosaoourE dr! 6v eXoB Eeraoood ev6plLoc xord. r!! opLe6vrLd. 6Le!9uvon xc! 6rL ro de6vaoua (6 .ErEd) Ev6pyElac oE xds !(bvn ouvrE),ei drnv gEp|lcvoa (+0En) qc !6vnc etvcr 6uvar6! vo unoyi.oou]lE 9EopnrL{6c rrtv uon gEoEoxpaola xagE e6vnc, OL rrFtc curac ro! gEprroxpdoL6v ndpouoLa(ou\r ]lia EeonEopLvir gagu[6a gepl1oEpo.tidq t{cTd, no),i rryc),hEpn rnc lloparnpoullevne . 'EroL tLo va axouE rn! trdparnpoirpeln 6lovouri !6oov .rioLov 9.plro).poolrirv rE ro.reo.rpdqLx6 nldioe npang! va lailg&rreL x6pd uerd9op6. vepyELac o'nd tov LoruepLv6 trpos roue ft6tooe. H pEraaopd quri oegi.IeroL xdrd 2or oro, goLoooLo oE0uard xs.L xard 80t orlv -te\lLxi xux),oaoplq. rnc ar!6oqoLpaS. rro o x . 2 , 2 5 6 L v e r o L , n u g o n E r i o L a , x a r 6 . . yE o y p o ' a r 6 n l . d . . r o g , L 6lovoplt filv oEoLXEi,ov rnc rlpoe rous l!6],ouc treroaoodc e!6o'r ELoq dro oootnuq, tts-a'ilr6oaoLoac. ol:.c Erov X&orn 2.26 6L.JEldL n yeoypsrrLxri 6lavoEi rng AEpuo] poornv enLedveLa rnc Sd.Iooode .!ua roue Ei!e rdloud.pLo

-?3-

rFtr!6lr3uon

rx. 2.2+. zdn,.c r..rypaolxoi nldrous

I a (
I

t
I

c
.
2

le
--i

.6!10..!0&lor|oo aE Ix, 2.2t.

t'

ugott edlo!c., r.q,rd.y.alpqplx6 rtd,roc qrolxsitcv .qc rpos rouB , 6rdvouri to! r6lorrg ueroaopAc oloteuoc (oe I0l9 kcal) <rro ot.rrrya yqs-aru6oparpas.

_ + ! t_

!1ed4 gEpuo}toerid' o.nv E[lod.vsra rne gdlaoodg rov ravoud.pLo (c), xc! rov io6).Lo (B) oE (oc). n 6LdeExoptrevn ypau}Ift 6eltlEr, rn! O6on rou SEpULxoi IonUEp!!o0.

XEOAAAIO EE P M A Y N A M I K }t I(A I

3 I IA T I K H T H I A T MOIP4:-!-4-E

11 gEpBo6u\,orllxil rrlc otu6oeaLpdc CxL od! oson6 vo EEt6o e ! a n 6 g p p o 6 u \ r B u l r r t c n l u p d c r l g 6 1 6 ! p o p E c6 L e p Y a o L E g r o u rov 6LeoYdoL6v ouugd|vouv orr! arudoaaLpa. s nopqxoloigron .rlvero.L rre rn goigElc 6!anou lsugovouv xd,pd oirl! oru66ed,Lpe a6oo! nqpd]lErprlv 6rtr,)c 11gEprroxpoola, n n6plexillr6anro 'ari66r@Loac e u6porl.Iolc x,a. n.X. YLo rlc o uEtaFoIC gepuoxpaoioc onou6ttio pdlo nll'ifouv oL xdadxdptxr.g tng atnc (Exr6c

r.lvrloELs

on6 rrg ooL!6vtLEC) . Ait!a

nou rooko),ouv tLC xdrdx6pueeg xLvrioELq

o')H 96plavorl tou e66i9ouc IX. 9)E roroyooeia,

3.la. 6K,rc rl unopEn Ev6c goulot

nou o 0epudc ddpac

avotxdcErdL \,a dv6BE! tx. 3.10. y)lt 0rcpEn uEronlnitc erlpd.veLac 6nou nd),L o Sepu6q cldpac av.goi\rEi ocv t).aap6tepoc 3.1y. 6)8 oityxllon lx. ndlo ar6 rov ouxpd xor 61('! 5nllloup.tEi aord8ELa

6v lnopei o oapas vo uaa{iv xard .rnv oroio! orrooLrpEus.lxa! avayxdfero,! o o\,o6Lxtl xivnon rx. 3.16. tl uEtdBoltl tng gpllor{poofac 6e uLa adpLd EdId nou xL\,riroL oEplou

xarqx6pueo eivcL

trio dnd r!c odorx,C 5LpraoiEG irc dru6orraLooc. Kdrd rnv 6vo66 anc n lldfa exrov{nverdL ),610 ).drroonc rnc trieonc. XarC rnv Exr6voon q.urrl (ai:':to! rou 6yxo!) XonoLuonoLEi 9Eou6rnra

an6 rov Eout6 rnc Yld va EtLoopporioe! rnv ElapyELd nou 6and\/dro! xord rn! extd\Jooll tng craot 6E! udptEr EF,oreprxrl nn.ri gepu6lrrdc, H OnEq auai ylvrdL ouol6roprDd. Aurrl n trEraFofui rng 3ptroxpcoicc rou oeeilcrol ud\ro orn uErd.Boli rnc nr:csqC IdyEraL a6Lagatlxi Exr6\JrdortxoL o pu$u6s EE ro\, onolo o$xEtol n udao Eilol n "qnoi d.6Ldocrrri gpuoaesEi6o" na! eivd.L ion ue t0o/I000n i 5.5olIOo0

feet {Ix.3.rl

\:,i:r"*; &:f* t tl | |
(a)

+r t +t

/N
16)

'{;__!t;
---l----,
lt+ : --_'--?'l

*',tt

*'(f_-I_-J).*ta;-i:-7_yt\ -'r\l'i-\ f.; t \li;

\-.---; /
lxitd 3. !.

I i l*

aEouor(odoic
a^14. ,n.

rou

d6od

xoL

oL

uero-

a{l)po6uEto! atEooaalplr6

dpa adv plyuo 6i,o L6dvrx{tv depi.o!

a') ro'r Enoo'i odoo' 6) rous uSparlrouc, To uiylo' aur6 ElvcL o "urp6c ax6peoroc aepoc" nou g.oporjlE 6rL eivoL L6avrr6 adpro rcr 9d LdXUELrl xarooro'tlxi EEioodrl tn\, iE)lEtoN aEpio!,
KoldorarLxi ioo)on Enoot d'doa.

rieon

oC lv0Jor6 yLa ro' L6alrxd o6plq, n eEiooon a'uai ouv6dE! rnv (P) tnv ruxv6rnro (p) xo! rnv 9Epuo).pooia (TJ. Arla6i:

( 3 . 1)
6trou n orogEpd (R) xdJ,eital eL6!xi oragEpd rou aEolou ro! Elvq!: o Ldyoc tnq ndyr6ouLac olageodc (s') 6Lc .rou Moo! ot Bdoouc aou o'Epiorr (rR). .ro ouorarLxd rou Eiva! Enp6 oapd tvolotd xa96c RoL ro reoov lropLdxd gdpoc auroil (;) yv!)or6 xa! ioo rpoc zs,e ffiF yng ol6lxig orcgEpdc rou Enooi d,po (Rd) EivaL lon uE H rLui ^ -- - ^5 elq 2.87 I0tuvnsoc dvtr: rns nuxldrntoc xpnoruorouoiEE rov ;;iR 6yxo nou xarola!96:v L n lovd6a rrlc udCdc, to! onoio xd,oip6 rLa rov

cLQl]d- 9f.I9

a(8t-) xar L6x6L n oxEonl

c . p = l (1.2) ypdoercL: tld ro\, Enpd ddpd: (3.3)

'Ero!

n xctqotatlxi

Eiooon (3-I) Pd = Rdr

To A'0eppo5u!c!Lx6 oEi.,pa yrd. itv

uo\d6d rnc ud.fo.Cerepd-

dq -alu+dw 6nou dq : I gapuornro rou npoapapErcL orrt E6fa : n peraBolf rnc oorepLxrlc evApyelBe . n nclpcl.oti apYou

G.{)

-f3-

atla6i

alt6 ro rlod6v rnc 9pu6Tnrog rlou rpooeApEraL oro\, c6pa yla rrr! napo.yoyi 6prou {Exrdulon) rrpoc curic xptorlronoleirol xaL ro un6lolllo yLa rnv atEtot lrtc gEproxpcrolcc tou spa. H eEtqDarl (3.{) clvalpcpErs! orn. }ov66a rnc udlac r(!L Ero! d!aodoovrcr xer, 6),c oL lrld xdro ]sro$Inr6c.
'o Ds Eivo'L .r!0)016 rt. (3.{) yCv6tclr: alit - P ' dn (3.5)

'Ero!

dq-dlu+Pda

(3.6)

Av genp/loo ul's lo6xopn lrsragoti, 6nla6i o dyxoc ve rlopqr6ve L ota8Ep6g t6re I (3,5) rivEraL dq-du. Anla6i ro r!0o6\, rtq gEpUornrcg XptoL[ei,eL 6]0 lLa rlv o''JEnonttc gEpEor.podaoc xo,L atoL urop(i) \,q, ypd,{n!: dq.. cvdr 6no'r cv - {jf ( 3 .? )

I elvcu n E!5uri $Epu6qta. uE oragep6 6yxo. EuvEirtc To A'8eplD6uvalLn6 eEio)Ud .fp6qETaLund qv uopai: dq - cvdr + Pda (3.8)

EnE!5i o EL6Lx6g 6yxoc ouvdooc 6Ev DErpdrd! ornv GrudoQaLp(! cl,Id' n nlEon, 1r'cur6 scr. Exey'qoourEtlv (3.8) Ee ].itc Ldo6iNoEn rrlc Eopqi. An6 rnv xorsorar Lxri eEid,)on rou Enpo$ = Pda+adP Rd[E ].crLrl (3.8) Ii,vrd.L: aapo Pa=Rdl +

alq=tCy+RdIdT-adP alq=cpdT_ad! G.9)

6nou c-=(++L

Eilal I EL6rsr gEpu6.rrlrq doseprt trtEon. UE

OL rLu*c rouc ivdL: cp - 0.24 = ,.,/

9! oK giTK

-ger

"v Iox6L 6e n oxdon:

(lx6st

rou t{aye!).

cp - Cu - RA

{3.10)

A6 !qBar 'Ordv

Lr6c

rrsrdBoI6

srn!

il-lr-g-s--e-.e-.t-eJ
11lo' p6la oapo ovdpxera! 6Laor6].rra! enEL6ft n nledt rroo eEaoxsirs,L rdv'd o'ouri an6 rov y0po a6pd etorTdDercL ue ro 6'10g. Xard, tnv rlro na\)o Err6'Joon ftood,.yrrsL on6 rn! udlc! rou oapa Cp.ro oe gdpoc rnc esorspLxig rou ErripyeLac, !s anor6l.Eqro va raqrL I 9ept.lor.pooia tnc.'Avrlorpoqo 6rcv n rrdla ).drApx.roL crror6teral xaL xaro.\,al6vera! epyo rcu rapd.fErd.L d.T!6 r4v arx6ogoLpa. Erolrav0)cn soo)repLxri ev6preua rng ud.foc q,uEavero,L arorg),Eo|ra v'auEd\,Elo'l n trE gEpuoxpdola rnc. oL xaro*6pu9eq xrvioELc oape ei\roL PdCd)\, dpl.cra ypnyopeg 6ori va lrnv yl.vErar dvra}.}.olil gEpu6rrrac, !E dxrLvoBo),io ti uEta.gopd ueraEi rnc udloc xg'u rou oipc! nou rtv nepL8dL}'el. OL uEra0o),6q enoueloc 9a Elva! (ox66!) 06LaFa'rLxec.

-go

tLa a6laBdrLxec ),oLn6v irEroPo),6c n EEiqlolt (3.9) .rpdeErar:

CpdT = adP

(3 . 1 1) et i.ooon yLa iov Enp6 dgo{L

Xpno L]1oro Ld)vicrs ,rrl! xs.tq.ororLxtl rt (3. r1.) ri\,eroL:

cpdr - --FH oroxlipdon T9

R^T

dP

=Ra "of

i-

(3.12)

rtC

(3.12) !d.S 6lvrL!

.-{ +--, - ) lS ')

rr r"*-}r^=e'p

+-=(;-)-

(3.13)

s E! i.ooorl (3.13) .ivoL I yv!x{ rrop<Dr1 EEtooorc rou polsson. rnc Av geo)oioouue Po=t000nb.16r. n gEpuoxoaoioro nou av.ruo-rouxei lalto! r'AuvnrLtri SEptroxpaola', reL oulgoriC.rcr u. e. .AivEraL 6E ar!6 rnv ox6on:

o= r 1!!!!iK
6noo X - -F: 0.285 e Eiva!

(3.r4)

416 guoLxtic u).e!pdq rl 9.psoxpaoia

ourri nou go atrox-rr1oer llio d.pld !d.ed ov ouurLedrEL a6LdBdirr.d ota looomb. ouolsd n ou!.raeon onl!'ivL d.vo6o rnc 9Eptroxpaoiog rr.tc ud.!ag, e ) T.,EXEL 6E rnv XapaxrnplorLki L6l6rnlo va rdpduave! o1ogEoi or-S a6Ldgqrlxec uEra9o).6c, xaL EivaL xcpaxrtplorLx6 u6yEgoe ULac axopEorte a.aploc ltdfas.

- Er-

Fr

i6oo.dn

u6oaru6v

or!c

a6LcBa-

t!xCc

ttEtaEo).ac

Ko.rcdrorLxn

EEL@on

rov

u6odTu;v.

ool(tu6c

ro!

Slao6oov

naod.-

c4ps!--qpss"tsG:
rlou neolixovral rrnv ar!6o.Do!pa, o'6oov n ars6o(roLoa 6v 6xe! (oSdoEL oto! x6po, ouI[Eolo6oolroL 6rurc 'EroL xol ro o'itrd d6pLo. rt r4oraorarlsi EEiooon yLe rouc u6potlooc Sa ei,vsL a!&),oyn npoc rn! roo Enpoir a6pa.Av loLE6v oouuE lre e rnv peolxti ni.Eon tov,u6pdtrd,! | mb)BE pv: rn! nuxv6tnra ro! u6par[div. Rv:tnv eL6Lxi ordgEpd r.)v u6pcrurtv. uoparuot,G so EL1,aLl ovoud.oL uooaruoi

Tdre n xaroorarLxil

eEi.ooron La.roug I

( 3 .r s )
Or 6E Lttlxiq A.p!6trFec ro! u6oa.ili!\) Cpv (ur!6 orasEpd rion) cw luEd oraoEp6 6yxo) 6xouv irc r!!a; : cpv = 0.44 -S4' -C 9r IoxuEL 5E n ox6ot , cw = 0.33 -93f"" CroC

cPv - crr,, = Ru

o. I !.pLr.i rieor rG)v u6oq'tltirv le) il rdor rrdv u6poru6v XprloL_ uonoLeirdt yLa rov npoo6!op!oU6ttc uypdoLqg. xXE.rl(erc! 6E u -rnv "gX4!:I_9]!gg!4 6po nou rov xpiloLuoEoloulrE oux.\,a otn MErEopo).oyia. A! n EdCa rov u6par!6v eival xe).opoudvl t6rE I rd.on auril to! u6paruitv Eivd; r ,'UEyLorn rd.oln,,ouUBo_ licEto,L ue (es) x<(L6iveraL an6 rt! EE iorllo-.] clausLus _ Clapeylon cEv ouvd,prnot rtg gepuoxpa,olo,g xcL u6vo.

-82-

dnou e"o = e.11 1n'51

10=2?3.15 ("Ki, L = l4vgdvouoo

gepudrnro eEdrtlLotts. lt nu&v6rnra rov uoparuriv {pv} exnE@poougvn oe (grln3) raurLfElol apLlunrlxd pe rn! GT!6trurnulpooio (e) exrEqpaouts1)rr (mnqg). oe a. Avd.loyla uiyudroc (!i) elval }!io .t}Ir naoducrrios npoo6LopLouorr tng uypooioq rou agpc' OpCCetdLoov I rdtra ro! u6pdru{bv rcu rEoLgrolro! orn rlica roo Elpo{' d'6pd'

n=E-=

M.,

M-/v

T;7;=q

(3.1?)

XpnoLuoroL6vtcc rrt! ko..'qoro.rlxi sliooon yLd ro! Fnp6 o.6pa ndl toug o6od.tuo'jg n oxto! (3.17) rpdlr.rar P, Ra

6= E;;=t

.Rd ^ -. (4=0.ezz,sral

E n s L S pt- e E P n o o o e v y u o r u xw = e f f 6

(3.18)

'Alc^6yog npoc rnv ( 3.18) I avaloyla Uiyuq,rocxexopeoualov u6poruri)v btvsrar aI!6 rn oxEcrn w" xdl

"

j-

(3' 1e)

avaL ouuiprnon rltc Oepuol1paoioq xcL rnc ntEonc. EL6Lxli uroaola {.{)r Ei\,o,1 n !d!a rov u6oq,.iuiv nou EEpLaXovy. rol 6It udfa rou uypot agpq.:

s = 'i-:n:V'd '

= ;-f;-v Pd

= -T;tr

(3,20)

Ue Ueyd.Lrt npoodyylon unoootuE !o_ro$pE 6ru q=r,i 6"6oug.,ou _3 di! to Il Eivol rrlg rdEng rou l0 $ avdlol i,a ![.r)loroc xo! I e!6rxi uypoola xapdxrrpr:eovToL od! olorrlpo$Ue1)eg L6L6rnreq yLa t-!Ldtdga uypot aEpcr eq'6oov 6c\, 6XeL }'d.Be! X6po.oupnixvr,)on u6parl{iv, aorooarrxrl dvo66 iou ueoc orn! arEdoasLp(!. }{drd rrlv

6. lxtrltii

urpoqlo. htx): eivar a dcc rov u6parllt;N rou rlEpldxovral oe op!(ryt\ro 6]xo c.6ptl', Eooc auriv qv ldaa r(l'! u5pa_ Tlrd,v rrou 9d EiXE o g6!oc 6yxoc q,v iTav xeropo!6voc

h = TrH oxErrxi uypodid

"!-

= *-

- -+-

(3.21)

6ev !6ve! orasepi xdio' rtv a6Lo.Bcrrrx{ dvo6o uLd.s @{6pEornc ldlac uyoo0 a'6pd dttd duEdve!, 6!6r! ro ll laveL oro9p6 tiC geploxpdoioC, xataoiat Lri e\rdr ro lJs E),crr6vE:o! ltr. Ttv ldtrr.jorl

idoon

uyoori

o6oa. rou

MLo sagtuclrLxi ,xepo'sr rnc "xdraororlliq EEioootg rr.ypo6 dapa" a\rdlo.ya uE exelvr rou Enpo$ 90' ei.vaL: P - PtnRnT 6rou pn : rr ruav6qro \ : n e!6rxi rou uypo$ alp6 oldgEpd rou uypo$ a'6pq' l3 '22)

ooLlouu u{.a sepEo|(paolo' q) 'c 'S4SI9g!_9sp!9: nou 9d EtxE o oyp6s a'Cpac }!ggtig" nou eL\,q'Ln lEpuoxpao{,a a! I niEon xeL o L6Ll6c6prog o.uto0irov ioo tr rds\)rloroLxo euri Enpoi dpo,. AloEELxviErclL SivEro! an6 rr oxEonr tou 6rL I gEp)toxpoola

Tv'Tl1+o.5ldl

t3.23t
'Ero!

6rcu $(grlkgEl n avaloy lo piyycroc rnq a6pLac udlac. n xorasrorLxit eEloo)ot yLc! ro! u.rp6 o.6pa .ri.vetc! P-pRd\

(3.24)

tnueL{.rCov 6rL n "q,vrioroLxn 96pEorpo'oio" 6LqeepE! ro noln xo'ao 3t rpinou cr6 rn geouoxpaoia T.

l.

Eldrroo.l inc 9sproxtaor:oc Loogoprxd BaxpLC 610! t"gdoEL o i r j g E p u o x p c o i d 6 o 6 o o u ( T d ) . E & i n a v o ^ o . ,i a lliytEroe pe,/e! oroEpi (rxi[o 3.2).

?. I,0!n -ou uyoo(, aapd uE EEdrrLon !.poi ueoa' o.drrr6v. Ldogcp!x6. E66 uErogdu.EroL rr ovd,\or ia rrillqro!, ,l 6c rpoxrir.roDod. gp|lorpaoio eivaL n SEpuor.pcoia lou ulpo$ oEppouarpou

(rr) (:'. 3.2 ).

L l66n rou uypoij aapa 5! a6Lagorl}(ric exr6vujon!. An;,o6i n niron ).arr6vErar, n avalolia Uiyuarog u*v! orogEori xaL . I o x r l x i u yp o o i . oo u E d v . Ld o c 6 r o u y i v E ! r o o N ( ! x i ! o 3 . 3 ) . 'ordv o xexopeoiraloguip6g oapoc ouvExiaE! vo avE9oivE! !oq orqv oruoo(oalpq xdL !a ouunuxv6vEL u6pdrtLorrsn Extruolavn lolgd\Jouoa 9Epl!6rnrd rcr:!.1 va geoldreL rov o,pa' aroL 60r. o pugu6c {i0Eqc auro0yivEta! ulxp6rEoos an6 out6! rou 0a ELx uv irov oa6potog.
!tdt Lx6 tnc oru6d@c rod.

no),l.d. rrerEopolo.rlrd aaLv6pla eEaptd'lraL an6 rn! op!C6!rro. aer xarar.Opupn uctdvopi rov uEr opo),oy Lxtiv ucrdglnrd)v? n oro td. ctvo! ailora),Eorrd xc.rox6pugng seraaopdc t@! dv6uElEnc. OL xaaat(6pnpEC xlvrioELc tnv Euqrdg.Ls E6oo orrlv artr6o@oLoa 6xou! oradn ! aorAsE !a duric Eu6rd9 !a ]',yEro'L n xoraoEoi o! tng otUoogo.rpac c'rn! oEoio 6v r6,po,rnpoivtdL xerdx5ou4ec cvo6Lxe! xlvioeLc, AotdgELa LrEraL rl ).ard.o!ooq exei.vt rnc atu6oq(1lpo.c n onoicr xc.po.xrnp|leraL cn6 tvtovec avo6lxac ).LvnoELC. Or ovo6Lrac xLlrioELc 6xouv od\, drior6).E6ua rn! ouurtxvoon u6po,tlriv 6npLoup.rlc 9poxir 6ivrc xdr d.l,),o! uer.opo).oyLrd! {raLvo!avo\,. EEerdlErcL ev rpor.ElBa\ro n uordgElo, ri aordga,,o, rns d,rp6oedLpcg oE dxaorl ipoq rLc xq.rax6pr4Eg ).Lvr1oLc, 6n}'a6i n drerLxi Loopponi.a dJtlic. xaL rnv

-85 --

d\a

lxiuq 3.2 toogopLxi 06En: !o6|loc pO. IoogapLr.|l 00En lle ouUrlx\joon: ApOUog PQg. de: A Etd.rroort Tnc tdcnc tov u6paqr6! (116 rn oqfi6xv.)crtt.

r (oc) Exira' 3.3

96gn pE c6rd'9drlxi ext6\,llon. Ap6Uoc PO

90En rre d6laBarlxi.xr6!oot nd.r oqEi'x\Jnon. ApOEos POtl. l_(!'td s\, 6p6so Or rc a(t$) 6rdrrub6rcL u.pl jrq 6n6 rtv oqrn$xvG)on xo! qd irN Ext6wor . r.plxric

-96-

ll

u6ooorar

!r.ri

eE iooon

I o'tlt6og.!rpo' 9pLc'l{rol cruvsxd)g xivlol, o6 Ev toiror,c av OsorpioouEe ivo l|!16 orpd)ud. a6od o! rpoc rc! rllivo 6u\xiUelC fiou Edoxo'ivte! o'auT6 enE!6i n rio.n eld-rr6vro! |!poc rd rd.vo, dvr Lola'gutEovlol , or66v ni,vra., anO rn 66vs,Enrrc 9optrtras. 'aoro plc xo,rox6puga ori),n aEpo,l.tova6lcrtac rouic tBrarc oxita 3.4). A! dp Eha! t 6Lo{opd rieortc ueraEo rou U)ouc z \4t z+d,z 16r ylc Loopponto 6uvdleov rc,r6 tnv xd,rar.6puqn xs! srlsL6fi rluEevopdvou aou t!0oug e),o,rrrj)vror.n ni,eorl exoqre 6rL:
-dp - gp dz

fr'-gP
onouptluxv6Tnrcrtg H EEiot'on { 3.e51 EL!a'Lyurari pouerpLx6crllroq.
d'v u6poora.r lxit

(z.zs)

EEidlq

it Bo-

Drih

rrovo.Sra{,cs

n Lon=trr+dp

oE t]{og z Eilor

p(z) t6!e .rE6 tnv ( 3.e5 6xo: )

-87-

(. P(z)
il e'rEL6ri p(d) = o

J""

rsccz
G.26)

p(z) =J sedz

An).d6ri n nlon oe iUoC z Loo6rd,L )re ro Bdpoc rtC Uova6Loid.c rouia xatcr.6puonq oriL,\ns dpa nou Bpior.raL rdvl! cr6 io i,0oc z. Id Eov6,6a, aqboqalpLxds ri,e('nc Xpnol]]onolita! ro I nb. Ei.vaL 6: I nb r 1.03 dyn an-2 = 102 I,tr .-2

r.n6!!du

! x6

6dro.

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.i!cr, ro 6u!cr!rd rou r5lou oopJrnroa. To dpto r & atd io rJ+o6 r 1_ os ,J{o$z}dz.ivcL;

.r!o rl|r aur{{on

do=gdz: -lpa ro y.o6u!ou!rd de rJ+oa z .lvoL

T"t
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o ,., = [ saz
0.op6!rar dr! ro y.u6uvctLrd t (o) crrt! .rl|livld OpJa.rsr, oc! y.o6!!q9!rd rJ{o. ro : z = -^e - =| sdz Yo; l3?7)

drou go n rdon r!!{

rou

r r r ) v E r L g r t v c Lr n a y n . . ( 8 o ! 9 , 8 n s - r r o r o l r l o r o l x c j o r n s o d l q o o ! ! o E T , r . 3 8 o ) . T o y c D 6 u \ , ! ! L ) ,U + o < l d 6

orn! tL!{ rou g sr!.rlgduels !cr!r, r. ldrco { 5.idrcrrs

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kn, ror rpircr vc rql8d!.rol

r{s .[do@ns 6LdlL 6!!9opti 2-3 Bb qrnv tJ.on cJvdL onualrLx{ yld tLs opLldlrLcs . r L \ , { o . L r r n a q r r d o q q L p o ar ! ' a ! r d r o l d y o r o , J { , o r 6 J v c r s ! s c y . u o u v c l l x ( i ldrpa. l r f d r r d l q v o c o p o d t r6 L d q o p s r U r . 6 ! o r n v a r ! d o ! s ! p d 6 e ! r d p v o u ! . . c r L g d v c L c sc _ i pdllil.. r o o a r n v e r L 9 . i \ , E ! on ! l n i d l l t i ! c o y . o 6 r r ! s ! L i d sE r ! 9 d ! . 1 . . ( r L e d ! . ! . a r

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lrov rdvsro I 6i!o!ro! r.D6uvdllrod $ous Z o. r.r.

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dp.. _ _:-+. dz _d' 6tro! T', P' n gEptroxpoola rs.L n rlesn rou rEpLgdtlovrog, H nion 6l1l'c qq rllifac rori cv6pxe.rcu it xo.rpxetor Loo{rrc! l.dgs orLtui uE rnv rleon !' rou rlEpL96trlo\,roc.
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td'

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.i,r.old. n o6la0a.rLl.i 9Eploga$ui6d y!o !!a ]la!d oeoa' nou xllei.rdL rpoc rc End.\l! ]l. ro! pu9!6 nou rtarr(:)!Eic!! n geproxpdor:a uE ro tUoC Uaod ornv dttl6o.ioLpd , H rlocY]larLxil gepuogq,g!i,6a rou lrEoLOal).ovroc flcocrnpei.!o! dE6 6E6orravo rlorr rld,Td,yod4ovraL ar!6 Ooyavo nou neraroeDovraL us undl6!!c i aepoEr6vo nou nep!o6! utoa dE evd uEydtro opL9lo 6elrrdr.Dv ou!$ixn adpd- A! rlrov 6ulardv xivnon xo.L c! vd' ERlalowe urooo,iodlE ava lEuovoualo 6iyua ar6o.orou c6oa xal !a ro oxorouJioou! ro96c aoi6 olegalveL npoc rq eEdlo xetdyodoovro.C tnv gEpuotrooola lou 9o Boo0! 6rL 9q. Oix.rdL EnooEyyLolLx6 xoro I oC yld x69 loom. oapac 6Ld m 6Ldpr.La aurot tou xp6vou o n.p!gd}lo! rou oroi.ou aur6 a!.oa.ivL 9a Eix. lio rEI.ios 6!d_ ]Jaoou 'Eva qopErlxr] xaravori $Eploxpaolac. dnl6 trdaxiosLyuo nou SElx\rEl rrv lovtoc xo! 6 l a ( r c p d u . r d E t , r n c 9 E p u o B d 0 t l i . 6 a gr o u n e p L g . rorr plglloi 0'iEnc E!6c 6eliuaroc adpq nou cv:ro nL6 xdro lx{tE 35. (atd 6rov rllxoar.i t'Ila vd ndoouu

Bd.iver 6iv.L

:np,i ;6LoBotLs,i ..; 6.0!ogdsli6a I":

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opL!6vrla

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(r.rr)

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-103-

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-104-

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-105-

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-106-

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I. AH]ITIOYPflA KINIITEON TTHN ATMO:OAIPA l.l. E D G A 0 E r a rA o t i 1 O e L a . . ... ..-..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xa 1.2. Kivtorl toucpa.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . .2 . . - . . . . . . - . . 1.3. A6posFopnnxora;io............................................................................... 1 . 3 . 1 .I p ' o I 6 , q K a ! 6 x r o 6 T 1 q r a q r o o e o r p q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3.2. OFor6oealpa E p6oqarpo. Kor YVolelprxi x?,irroKo................................ 4 1.3.3. Tpon6ogarpa,:rpor6o9orpa,Meo6oqurpo,Opp6o9a1po.......................6 1.3.4. Meropoi,i rn; orrooqotprxricriEol; ll: io nVoq....-....-.......-......-..---...-. 7 1.3.5. Eponloeli............... I . 4 . A ! o 6 0 9 x a r K a o o 6 q r o D @ p c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - .l.0 . . . . . - . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . L4L Epoflior,;............... I.5. AlIoTi !Iq atpooqorpLxriq riedtg oltv tmqdv8ro.................................... II 1.5.1. AUulri qg prroxpaoia( @pa p6voqr! enqAv.!a......................... roD l2 1.5.1. A).1(17itlg eeppoxposiog oloNl,tprl; lg @il.rq toD @po..................... l2 1 . 5 . 3 .H p p r i o r a t p o v o n t ; r i E d r ga . r v m 9 i i v e r o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . K r . L5.a. Epoflidlai.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4 . . . - . . . . . . . L 5 . 5 . : n t r h 6 r l * d r A r 6 x h o r - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L 5 . 6 . K a r a N 6 p D q r t v i t o r! o u a 6 p aK o l i i o r l v r l p i r v e u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l.5 . . . . . . . . Ki . r, c P o r r l o F r-; A n o w r l o d r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . g 1 . 6 B u o r K i r g 6 v ! o L . d ] E 0 8 p p 6 t 1 t a i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. . - . . . . . . . . l1 . 6 . 1 .A t o r ] r q q 0 E p p 6 l r l t a q - - . - . - . - , - . - . . - . - - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 L 6 . 2 . M e r a g o p a f i t E t u p F 6 l r t ! c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?.l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6.3 MDidPipo6,trls0epp6irtio;....................................................................... 1 . 6 . 1 .A r A 6 0 0 i t e p l o o t i o , c F a x n v o 0 o ) . i u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 7 . T o v p o6 - r I va r F 6 o g o t p a . ' . - . ' - . . - . - . . - . . - . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . .2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 7 . 1 .E p o t 1 o d t q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........................................24 l . ? . 2 . A v o 6 o q r p o n o r i r p o D @ p a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . - . - - , - - . 2 4 D r 1.7.3.,^a!6dvouod0Ept6tr1to.............................................-............................. 1 . 7 . 1 .8 p o t n o 8 r 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........-.--..-'-'- 25

2. :}TTHMATA ITHN !}'].iOITIIIUD f,AI MEIITX NAIMAXAI ATMOIOAIPA 2.1 M ! l d r l n l q d v L d x ns o i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . ni ?. 1.2 AouprioqxarIpolFanriArP66qd(po...-..........-.....-...-.....-..-...-.............27 2.3 Au!dlLt;noonporotor:!irvefo......-...-...............-...........-............-............... 1.3.1.Epo!1idlq..-........... .....-..........-...........................28 2 . 4 l . s o d p o q r x 6 6 v e F o i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . .?.9 . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . - . . - . . 4 . . 2.4.1 I\,1ahFoflk'i 6xgpaontoD ronpogrxoi av6FoD.....................-................. 29 ?.5 A!por ltpo qn6 pqpoB8lp(xa rdrrl.a Korovrld- Bo0pot6i 4vs1o........30 2 . 6 B d o r x 6 q x q p d a e rq ! A D ! o r r K i q . . . . . . .-.. . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . - . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . - . 3 l 6 2 . 6 . 1 . E i r o 6 6 qx i v r t o l r ............................................3l 2 . 6 . 2 .I . e o o r p o g r K r i i r p o 0 6 l t r o t . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 6 . 3 . K D K l o 6 " r p o g r Nr i r d q . . . - . . - . - . . - . - . . - . . , . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ll iv .2 2.6.1.fEo6Dvalrx6........-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j.2. . . . - . . . . . . . .......--....--..-....-.................... 2.6.5. E,:idodn @v6ILa; 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 3. . . . . . . . . . .. 27 Aqooqotprxn ipo. K 2.7.1. Knpolo pdpn!lli(4......................-.... ................. 33 2 . 7 . 2 .K i p a t o R o s s b y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5 . . 2.8 HxDxtrogopidGI:tpor6oqarpd......-..........................................................3 2.8.1. BdorK& sq o-,par6oqarpo....-............ 36 IapaKdtprcLK6lrtE xDK),o9opio! 2-8.2. Atgvi6q dpotooqaLpn;; eppAvoeq.....-.......................................-...-..i7

3. IENII(H KYf,AOOOPIA ITHN ATMO'OAIPA 3.1 M o w ; I o l o v o i , r D E d o o o . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . .-.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . 3 8 .. .. ... ..... -.. 39 3.2 Mow6l.o Tpulorj KDnApo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 2 3 . 3 A e p o l s i F a p p o te r s l r e a m t 0 42 . .... . ...... -.. ... 3.3.1 f!1K4.........-........... 3.3.2. Arptoup7ianol.Ro6 Ko!YmtPotfton APoltlAPPoD... .. ... -.-.-. 42 4. ZOMKO' ANEMO' 4 . 1 O M 6 o o c Z 0 ) v L X 6 c ' A ! u o c . . . . . . - . . . . - - ' - - - - - - - ..... . . . . - . . . - . . . . . a.l.l. Korovopii rov' roo;ar-6v tolj M6ooD zoJvtKon AvEPou crl otpodogopa xor 6'tv r(ot6rprlpeo6oqow4.. ... . .. .. .. .. 4.1.?. :6vbeon loD M6oou EtiooD ZouKoi ov6Poope nl M6orl Elio(o oq Oppoxpooid otpa!6o9otpoxar oqv x(lT6rEPI pEdooqatpo. ..... A*Fou ...... .... .... .. . .... ... ..... 4.2 Ernolo Kilavott rouZovLKon 4.2.1. Koidlopri rov rootol6v KaLtl5 gaong qq Etidto4 Kilovolr tou Gt flpat6ogorpo xor orlv Kat6tpl Po6o9orpo ... Zovr{o6 AvApou xat qq Ediouq Kipsvoqg qS qovrKi-c 4.2.2. tiv8eq Eong eppoxpaoias . Zoq(ot Alduo! tnq Etnorqi Ku4\onq toL F6dor, . . i 4 . 3 . H i L e n i o L K i r o v o r t r o u Z o , v , K oA v 6 p o u . . . a 4.3.1 KaruvoFl t@vtootol6v Ka! tlq gdorlq tJlg HFrtriora( Ki,ra'ong tou xatbtepl M66ou ZrvtKo,l Avuou dcl drpmooqq'pa rct cl\ FEo6oeqpsos duvaPtlort 1l! to tvo6 Kat ro 1o1popq6.. ... ... . 4.3.2. trlv6dot qq Hptsrrisrsi K6[d!ol! 'ou ZovtKor] Av6lto! ps !I! . H'rerriora KiFavon rtq qovrxi; liorq 0cpForpcoio" 4.4.1. K60rolrl rov 'ootal6v tar rn( gdole q{ Tetp(iurlvlc KiAovon: tou M6oou ZoqKoi Aviuou otn orpat6oqarpo rat 6tnr Katdtrpl rlAtor... .. o ud669dtpo ouvoPttorl p!!o nvoEKo!to 70)7po9tK6 ,1.5. H:re66! ArEtilqKipcvo1.. .... . .. . . . . 0EpFoKpaoioeoq 4.5.1. H :Is66v At1ig KnFovdn e.d K) q( cpor6oodrpo (ot clv xa!&efl Fo669atpdo3 oDvdplllorl F to K6 x i \ U o q d l t o T e 3 ) T p q q tn L d ! o E . . . . . . .......... . . . - - - - - - - . , . 4.5.2. H trs66v Aliriq Kipavsrl oto Zovlx6 dvfo xar I K@avopl oo.rlqoril .... d'copdt6s9arpa ttv Ks!6tep1 peo6ogctpo. .. .. .. .. .. ... Kot 44 44 46 47 47 49 50 51) 53 54 56 56 62

5. O Mf,'HMBPINOD ANEMO' TTH ETPATO'OAIPA KAT DTHN f,ATOTEPH ME'OEOAIPA . 5 . 1 . M 6 o o q ! 6 n l p p r v od t t u o E F ; 5.1.1. KatavoEi ro! rootal6v loD M66ou Morlpoprvon A!6!00 o..rl oE orparodaatpa Kor aqv rotdrtcpl Ftooorporpo oLUaPrqor t. ro 66 . . . rldrog ............ i!,oq xor to rco)1poott6 69 5.2. Eritora Kipovol toD MEdrlFpptvoiAdpoD -. gadqgrl( EtriotogKslololq rou p6oou raiqq 5.2.1. Katovoti too nrdtou-c McoluFprvou AvctoL dr4 otPat5ogotpa KoL 6tlv \morcprl peo6ogorpaoe ouvAprlol trsto 6voe Korro lolpa9rKo rldlo-c .. .... 69 72 5.3. HFEriordKilavol to! M conFpptvoiAviuo 5.3.1. Koravori tou rlirouq xot rnq e&olq qg Hltstliotoq Kopovo4 toD g"q otpct6ogorpo Kat d.qv xotd)repq UooD MsoqFpp$ol A!6!ou 12 Kat ouvaptrlol its to 6!105 io laolpagtK6 tlCiog .. Fo6oqarpao 14 Kiilovorl tou MrolFBptvoi AvLuo 5.4. TctpdFrvr xor 5.4.1. Korovopri roD tr1'drou6 rr1-c a6o16 tl-c Telpdplvrls KnFavolq roL) tllooD MotFFprvoi Av;Fou orn otparoo$arpo xor otrlv Katorepl - 74 Feo6oqdrpd o ouvAprTlorl f to 6\,oq xoLto lsoYpoarx6 rlAto(

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Av ocoprloou!-er6pa rq dQaipo ourn oE pla !ip(lo!. oe o.lcorl lla 1ri .rlo 6u6rdoq rlg esolrl, 16r. trllt Fxprl 6nvotrt dauoiv 60 irtv ndt lv6pogrial lito, g'qv 1|epir!I0r6rl IiXp! va eravtlefl arlv dplu\n rrlq oiot H Kardd'raolqq dQaipae anln?"a.Istdr UEraolo0nc Av at-'h6Eiro pdeoeqg eoorig, lor }1latslslurEprl ord qv ,rporyougvrt 6ilstrl oflt oqoipa Fopsi !u tllv rofuv;poFiloa xat a?trava dl[vaEl uvnl oqv dplxil qg 060I. ndtu I xa.'id.aq qq dpalpar sivar trtaotaortg, a}lri auri q gopri eivor oraocp6rlrag arlorlv rpoTronucvn. FsfdLlttptq A,t6 ra nop(!'rlilvo qq ecivsra! 6n n ordopoflFaq< rardoraaqG oqaipdsEhp{ma! dllrdo ro 7rpfdlr'ov !|tE, 6rtla6ri rq rpErotrwq oJt6 ./plsrffcaq drd0gq rnq l(al rlv 4o}!cp$'i &4ispari. fevfferiovrog lrl,tov rnv nporryoipvrl6uniomon Ia q oeoipa 6e rra duorlllrq Fopo$pr va roipr, 6n to roli 16o0 6ra0p6eivorsvo ouolngo o }tlq 6lalupafi, 4oprrt{ar tolo TlS nttpft6lrrEs vgtaatq rou oiiolEq. Eilcl 6}1(!)5 E!69 Av aqv Kopwi rou xeKtrgsvousffie8or 6!An oq ogoipa ronoeenlooD!6r'd ror< 4alaD1x6rlpiola xar,tro 6inla tvo x!0o, totE rt rcuro,povq ontro06poor1 Iag ,Ii0a 6fl to 4ato!ff6 ,rpioFoivardp6o6rEpo oraep6 'n oqoiparcr o xrtpoE ard dKoFI,rlo o.raopo. Ytuipr.rtrour6v 6roPd0Flot Fo orrtv a6rd0Eru.

drqv paelaom' awi trlf av Oo fro i6rooutrrpaaua KotqlflqolJFE, rotroognlooolre oeaipog, ro eEyollKo npioFo i lov \-upo Oa 6la,na.66oDI fu?.a6il Iro 6ra0|i0urot otTl pEraoro0il Korrisroorl lo!!ov, 6n rl a.aepoqla 4 l(mdalaol( ev6qo6lotog 6w tounpoivoupE p6voqr.oio ,Iprpdr0ov rou o}:ld xor d?t6plo di.hl t6torn1oroD i6toDto! Eogrdior 8luropom,,!ox leYeroruaroerloia o6paroe,rry awiorsorl rou 6qv i61o vo Aoa lDllr6v, !o r(ord ?1600 orrsaFo 6ivor aro0p6o Plo &Blapom 6Ev qv vttryuKi! to! a.iioF' oLtui xar 0116 sqaflftor p6!o qrr6 ng itpst!6FEve uoro0rloia oL)v rov !p6v !o! quadiporoga.n 8tampalrl aud Ll.I l) Ep@qoEIg:

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H raidx6pupl 6d6rtrq rqE arF66earpo{ ?aopqKqpqcrdl dn6 tlid qoaffn r.dpdtfipo, ffi6 ovotd{3ror u \t, o p r p 1 r( i r ?. i I d r d, trlv o:roio 0o opioor+ oq dovbF1rr H arp6sedpa laopi vo opl60i oav 6!u pErr6!6o 1)6poordrrd rdoppordo. Am6 oluaave! 6fl Kdfu onslpooi6 rFillrd q( tr pova6uia 6uJolri, r|(ovonoli ol8on: rrl -dp= gpdz H olpol avdl ilrr ll,lDori oa\, o6pooroirrt e(oo oI r(dr erepi(e! dll I &r!)al (rpoE ra edvo 6rt!c,rq, ,!ou opEfldtar oflt xo.dx6pDpl poed8a qg rdEdlg-FapoFoeplSo) $tr {iq !s ro Bipog. Elt8dri o oipo4 oDtlr.pq*pEm. oav Fi|r! doux6v qrpiuv (ro Frxp6 s9dUq rlou ltlart4 iwl dc6Fq Foip&epq &!ov n nioq i![r qgtrrd pupi), Enlp6ratar vo EeapFodoriv or E!s! ov o:ldr.oqesirl nu|16rlm p oqv u6pooftflKri 4rodosq rov davudv op{ov. rqr oqv rataolofiKl 4ioo)ol,rponlm[t 1 ax664 -o"p: Mo

Ri-

(r.3.2.2)

rqv I o'rbir.Ug1d ol,ol(titpodqonbz1- O6.t ,t , Uu"t

Fhxecl;

0.3.2.3)

6r!oDH=RT/M&marcioovo[dqa&r(r o n r x i) DlroFerprKt r?"iFora ttK dqr66papa+ E!6i to trootropl.[(6 pdpq M gEopitaroto096 l6pr ra 100 km rcr ro g hiniwEal F6m 3'lo Td |(60 l0o kq 1o H p@pEirt

oeopqei,Ftpr ro 6\,0 aur6, avoloTo !rl( an6LD!n(oepForpddiag ro! T. ov n KftdvoFri q( epFoxpdoios dn6 rn 0'166I (1.1.2) irav olrodpopgTt,

(t.3.2.4'
: dDlri tI qiort nopdtlpila! 6fl !o H govepolvEr 6VoEt io o-ioonoio = 0.3?. eLaroivErorI rie6n xcrd ropd1olro Ue :rd nponfoiFv(rn oljr6oqorpoooplignKE $ifpd aepiov orooepiq sov 6i6!a6n6 xdr tfl,eto ovoFqltFvo, on6rs ro M crnv e(icoon (1.3.2.3)ircv <rra0p6. fevrKd 6po( artv olF6o9orpd5v rotrir I nopudoti au!i. Erol eqEtd(rar alrl ouvdlrdro tlpop),tFqrEprd66repo nroraFivc. pirpc apiov ppioFetarolo PapulrK6 Edv unoreEi, 6va 611 neSioliol 6Xerllv Natdvolrri rooppor!(og, 0r!6q:talrdflKri MUovLKi eivoryvoo-.6, 16r 6rr urripter qc1oprorrir(dlavopi,7to Katu ei6o( Fopiov. AtldSi xdo a6pro rxdvonolEi Ei6(116I: !nv

la. p,=p"Lexp ( l=)

i"'

(r.3.2.s)

Aut6 olFoiv!, 6i! ta Pdprir8pa v(,i ldpra 9pi6rowar 6ra xdtsirpodipd)poro, to etroqprirepd arc dv6repd. O l6yoq rou 6v ovdq6pgtx arnv opli n dwrF:.01'noTt aw:i tou rlpoF;,titatoscivd\ 6tl o 1p6voq tro qv xalavoli roopponidq ivar o"IElrKd norn lEldloe, v6 dwield o lp6vo6 trl6 u6po6-.oiriric roopporioq <ryrrxri r!ol,'i prKp6q.E66 np6rer va ortFrcoei, 6 xdio dfto rd 100 Ktn ivouq, or FllovLopoi avdFrqtt etvor dpKetd eveploi, 0r!6! ataqponv qv orF6oqdrpo xdn ovspEpr.r#vn, ev6 fldvo an6 io 100Km 6svDrldpi(oov r6iolor FtXavloFoi. Apa Lorn6v.K&o an6 ia 100Km n dio.rool ioD o6pa (varcnaoepi (Kr66 ard rd rlvooioqeid), or!6reEXiELI Eioo6n(1.3.2.3), nlivo an6 td voi 100Krn rt ono-.aon all.d(Er KsrroliEr q eEisocrt(1.3.?-5). rcproXi Kdlo on6 H ra 100Km ovopd(Eroro Fo r 6 69 or p a ra rdvo) ar!6ra I00 Krn r e p oopodoqarpd 6va nohl onouSaioqvonor:(eio eivor ro 6qov ( O r), !o onoio d1npaiiqetdrgoro7n$xd Kipta orn cpo!6oqorpa xar iler rn ptql6rp! 6DF6!.!pooriroDc.c'tv nEprotri20-30 Km. To orpclForoD6qowoq, trtv

noo oloppoqd ola lrr]rpd pixt l(l)Patos ttE ll"loKltq clGlvopoXios ilar 1},!rjoi)voT1o ro Eraro qq oeproxpaoiq{ aro $voE nrv s0 km l(or 3i}c1 7voo'.6 os o q o v 6 Y^nplFl xa1vo d],Xo poolK6 6xdanKo oto KordEEpopprl qg ftrto69orps1 or !6pa$oi F at Alro q oqrruflosl iooq 6rtplol)Plotwer to 5la9op( i6n vEA6v, 6!rl 6rlv Katilrcprl

aqr6ogorpo

Td 5Do .i6Tl vcE v, riorr tlapaIllpoiwar hr) rur orlv ovd'rpn llsooqalpa (-80

acpcn6ogorpa (-2?

km) sival ro

F o pt o p rj,61, noD ono!-laiwm ano a.qovi6u xar ra v u X r c p I v o I o t t I v d v I n, noD qnoft?.oitzar oft6 ?lelor(prrc!6rJoog, awiolotlo H peol 1.$6EpI 6ro6poIil 0 ! ) r o v p o p i o vr o r o 6 P qf u ] . a 6 i l t p o l eEopio 6ur'!6F6r,,1 oi66tooq avdFoo oe lio Kporioeq, ,tporonE! aJlo qv r(t\nrrq

1KT .,12 aP
6r.oD 6=vEgto! 6uropi rpoionq {or P='!iorl.

(1 3.26)

Ezor )oudv, enedil 1 :ri:oq l[ii{ivE ar nohi lpiilopo !r 10 6Vo( xar n ar6 r duOEpI6u6poli aDdvstrll l0 cm o"ioe5a9o( OppxpooioaDqdveft!I Bort T(l)v or o 6exd6q Flrojrffpa oio qroq rov 500 km. ArllaStl olo 6\tos 0r..T6 l(potd4 onoreor rpofS'touE6tE i\rn FopiovI iov d?6prwtol) dtpo 6ivornpal.nKddftivrE, To aurd xooopi(owordr!6ro pqfl"ff6 ,!6iorar eivornapaBolit(e6. i\roq tov 500hn dEplo ivat Ko0optarlr6,apoi &al{l)pqrq ftvrl arp6oqap! at6 10 6t "rtsvltu<6 (7lpwlrlspBy). dlXaltnq oto ivos otm n pon s}.iepI 6rcSpoUi M TivErrr iorl p rrtv Kl"ipoKd nvouq. H mfooqdlpnci d'ro flpro'rl wivd) a66 rc q,o6 m'r6(500km)ovoFd{Erdt a e d1p a. I. 3. 3 I po1t66parya,r'rpadjoqarya, Mtolio?ctfa., 6tplttiotputptt H OpFoKpaatu opa ur.o to a6aeos Fi@l x6norc Woq (-15 km) "oD oc/km), o onoioq Elarr6\srar o1Jver6q p|)eFo(5-7 l'era9dr0rrar l1ro xpovo rm tlE ,rov ( avriotog0ptr!{6q ovoou po96E) H,t pro/"'l roro rcr rolrig qop4 TivIot ('rrl mpGxsl 4/5 qg !d4o64q atF6oQdrpog ovop-o{r.Gl Tpo466Aolpo xo! ta aoo ra :qv ftepoIri axnt cuppaivouv KapNd Ad.v6pvu, aeopo& 6't1lvovepdt$tn 6

6po@qpl6q!o. te rdnolo olpEio I oppor(pooid rl r!o1ie1va X4rrovror 'tplaompo ltrot8po o,r6rouorcr nqpaF fl orooepi ri op1i(lvc artd"vftol lip H '!profl ald ovoFs(ffc' Tpor6rauct. qq ozoial 10 nvoq 4apairar qno m /rovo '(arrov rono (pErofuJ.'po @ov rarl[Epw6oe arot, ]rerouEr6?,our)rar KupoivElar avdFss qS ora iltl rll)v 7 KarI 7 krn.mlpoeoplqxri trvaq6pera! I 0plor(paoia de Foo 6fl -ru E^nq Ervar cdq-)) (.(ztr. Lj. , lrqpoqll(d H s,r6l$al rproFl iaapolc.Ipi(eror q pueFlaiaau6tol r{e optrorpasiaq 0?16 0C o"ro ivoq rov 50 km. H rprcFl aud ovos6{nal ,!oo e0d'vsrtooq 0 :rpar6ogarpo xar m cv6repo6 o qg trpororlou6t. Eivarotpovnx6 va pr onFro8i6rl o pue!69 oihdlq rrlq eppoKpodiEq io riryogo-rlv nplom ouIri, xo06q to nvo( xdr I opFoxpaslu 6rparorq!6rlq rivor ou\aip4o'nto! 1o.ror, {ar llq rllproltl, ito! Iaparqpr4:rdrcEr6 qC ?nvfld)al ndl.1fltqoeploreasia! oe Iu n]ol dtEtd41t{rov 100 dro ivoE rov 85 km,rrpinou H,p'ofl auq ovoFolErar Eooogal pq .<arro avftepo 6pro rr! M Tel()q aqv rnopq ftprozrl, I osptorpa('iE aoqd,v:rgl oraepdpe ro Drpoa r(orovotr4etar O p I6 s I a r p o" tnFarnvera! &r anlv,rxprcm cvrrl,I dnhotl q6 eeplroxposidl ropsrlpirdr ontv opn, or{ o1)wleu otrox rl 0Eplroxpooia rapoJrvel oraept. t.3.a Vmdfd.i qs arpoopatpu.iq riLo|q lc rc tvo. na.,,o o.!6 ril 6rpar6rrauq rrTap/.r (fiI gio

As oopriooDu rtv orrooqorpo 1o6oEpltll(,l.r 00C) xal roprodtq o 6'rp6|'lara 'rdrou6 (c). Av ovorlidoDF. P', P,, ... q fl6q rov 6u6orxdv P0, rmc alpotdrov ro! orpaxarp0.pr.p,....rq TruKvorwq orp6pqloourd!. mo
Pr=Po ^ ro

P.

P,=Puro

P.

x.o K

(1.r.4.1)

MET a6i ro! rpd,rou Ks! ro! 5urpoo orpditaroq apc lIldpx.1 6n9opd trGa'{q: prp=opug o p a l , r = p oa p 0 g q p , P 0 ( l - a p o q ) rl.i4.2)

(km) Atritude
I

o538588d8SEEEE
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Altitude(niies)

P,=Po 6'.ou k<l-ff k,

)=6roeEp6

0.3.4.3)

Mcroh) lou 6rurEpo!xar rol, rpirou arpoFaro( orpaundfla 6u{opd ,ricsnr: PrP,=op, g dpo P,=Pr(l-99)
11 l,)=f,k ofiol l'1=fo li-

(r.3.4.4) 0.3.4.5)

OFoi0r6 orrri6$1or ppidrouFe, I ,risna.o uoa.6 orp6Fd d6po,hLa6i oEnryoc 6n (t o) iva! P,=Po.k' rlou Kqpdq$ v6!o pelapo?'rigrlg ot,rooeatplrll6 niEotg ro 1 . 3 .s E p a 4 o E t q 1. No dro6iqEi6!1 6 lo6eeplrl aqr6oqopa, oruv ?o i,lroc oulritar xard Nd &rodsiers av ra Grpd)Faflrn6looeepttg dqr6oqopaq(00C)itav qv 6r!

uprep'lTllq,rp6o6o, ortroogorpli-rl Tl ,riol Xar.d)veftxord teoperprl(rlnp6o6o. 2. 16& Eorv6qro, rorE 6rav ro tivoq auEavo?av l(ald appi|T|rlt rp6o6o, ro! Kor rl niorl0a ?,,.'novorav xold ap}l'Ffl(ll ,!p6o6o. floi qr.oi laIUErdud; noro eo rirav toi ro tFa.o {Vog rlg arp6sqdrpog; 3. Nd dro6EiqsiE dE r6o0ppt cqt6oqdrpa (00C)rl llsrpndq rou 6\yoxgo 6fl

x6,!oro olgior,airyxdrvsrdr qv 6reeaq,x= -loh@SPo-logPr) onoxx dno

q6 ivdrro rivoq roDorlpEiou ouroi flivo qnornv erngdryeu ednnooaE. a. No 6siqsrE or! av rl opForpaoialtq oru6oqalpaE iiav 00C,6i!1tr soc 6r
1/ a\

iore q iioooq ttq rpoilloripsvtE p6nlotE 0o r]rav

x:---:l
5.

logk\

1+-: lrboa -looP,) - 273,/'

(qon qapidtr F.rdlrtKoAI oeaipoxcr tllo Fu 6'!!u!am oqoipo, I orcu orov a6pa rdoppoltirqv ?rp6!q. Av Brxpi prslXrKTl Kqr$\,oul,to (ur6 ts (66ovo xdl aqarp6ooolE ovr6v lov apq,fl 0d oulpi ,xor an6
,Ilali;

:ra 6io 6(pa fltE qdkflq{

A,16rov vav 6ioxo quton CaprdF p1'.1l oe apa. 9ur.rl, rl o,.oio flpr3r($ Iooppynoiu rcv (uTo u a.aoFi r(o1 puoi(oupE qdlrl ew6q ro! "n 6.

6olEiou, ro o,loio upt-trri npl61ropa. E{iv 6rcI!e$6oD! wo! roD 6oleiou awon 6rcqei6to 'i!poxa,u ed ouFpei ]Gtii ror, rar 7. Nd oro6Eq0i, 6ir r olrjvoluoi 6nluprt (F) apoaralou tvar

F=v(p-p)s-B
6,!ou V o 61|(0gtoD op6oloiou, p |(dr p' or nDKv6llrq tou apa Kor tou aepioo ro! dpoolrirou c!,riarorXo (cr B ro 6uvohK6 Fdpoq roD apoordro! F ra EdplriFold ro!.

l.,l

AvoSoc xd0o6oc d6oa xqr iou

nqpdlpoqo eivol 6!r n nleorl fsuK6 oupiipaopd an6 rilv npolToujrvn rou d6po|rto rj\yo(lnrroivernrpa76aiq. :q 6raridoon dDti, 6?iog SonFe 0o a6Pdq o-.t suv6leto.oqeir,ttar!o yelov6q,orLo avepTdpcvog ViXror. ddpo6nEprrleierar 0?!66vd l,Elr!6 Aq oeopriooutE, o ovpt6Fevoc 6!r elo6!rK6 lrldl6vr. Aur6 ro xoppdlr rou aepd el..tov6vffot, Iopig vo ro6plelol 6 0o16 Eorplx6go6po( i 0eptr6qta (ssrqgorrx'i p!dpol'i). H toFtl6lepn ni64 66(D edrp6r!r o.rd p6pla rou ooteprKoi dCpdva oorjv ra roqcipara rou dl.tr"n Fna)-ouoi:!pogro 6qo, 6sr8 uu!6 va 6looiilklol. E lEdri 6ev o?rdplr rlttri v6p7eloq, F6proro! edorEprxoi d6pa rpElEt vd XpnorFotroriaoDv !o qE ev6pldetoogva 5u6"riLouv F !at'6vl. E !r6i 6F{Dg toiXopo !o ro lrpo6 .loD 6tet qv ibla qopd xivnonq 'rE xivn rov npooElEr6vrovd' Fnol.ovro6, aw6 Fopiov, n talilnra ovarlidrloi( tol)g oro toiloFd 0d eivdl ptrp6rprl ar6 rrtvrdlirrlra rlp6orlrootE. drllvd8i,n Fddnrdlnrrlro rov Fopiovr6pa, 0a eivar roD eo FKp6tspl ar!6o,rr np!v, ot!6!e Korn opFoKpaoio ddpo 610 60)1prK6 pvoq a6pac 'iiivrore avePt(6 eivdr loFqX.6rEpt. Elor o eKrovov!or Kcr \yulErcr. :rnv awiesrn rlepirllorcrt qq Ka066ou tou oEpot I rotnllia olurlrisndnc rov popiov 610 roiloFd toD F rdlouo" eivdt !1dl,6rprl ffi6 qv ro1[qro np6a,rro6iq 10116, ?rEdi Kard qv rd0o6o ro Ino],6u 6Dard,],iar, lqo rnq anqrdngrn6 Eqorcpr'('iq 'ricng(n lotuttltc xinlonq rou rorTdFatog i6pd ei}1rr owieq F qv raXriqro rov popiov)- r6t rt Fan rolriqra v tou aps rat6 tlv rao6o auqdvara! otr6 xdr I eppoKpodia roD Fopiov opd a\Faivel. Er6r o KorepX6pevoq ddpoq ndvrore 6uFr!16(ror ror 0Eppaiv!ar. 10

An6 qv

6K0drl tov ,ropondvo yewt;rar

ro poifqfo, ov rd &lo

ouFlepdoFaro7ro lnv dvo6o Kor xd0o6o rou dEpa b1nouv Kor cwiotpopd. A r l l a 6 i ,N a t d1 6 o 0o , t u I p 6 e d d p o q n d v r o r c r { o r c p o i v e r . e v d o 0pF66 tirivror ovEpaiver. H onltl,rnot iva!opvrl!rK{. H dvoSoe Kdr q Kd0o6o( ev6q rFiFoloE rou d6pd eivdr ouvdplnon lnq o7ffrrig ruKv6lrlroq toD tpiFdtog coroi FEro nprpdflo\4a q6pa, Fe '(a0op!d!rx6,!op67owornv dorl. no ropdSflla, evo yulp6 tliIq roD oEpo Fftopei vd ppidKeral lllo Vnld 6!nv ail66parpo aft6 6vq 6)"1,0 0epF6. Kor aDr6, Iari rno Vnld rl ,lDrv6ttra roD a6po eivor nol.rl Fu(p&pn. To av avgqivsr ri r(olepdiver ro t{DZp6 tFiFa too oEpoEioprd.cr dtr6 rq epFoxpsoia lnv,luKv6nlrd rou rar Xp16(Erorndlroie vo 0!F6Fo6i, 6ir o !,DIP6E d6pog eivor r!eploo6rpo r!uxv6Et1n6 rov epp6, p6vo 6idv pplorcovtcr o r o i 6 r o o p r ( 6 v r r o e r ! i , i 6 o .6 n l d 6 i o r n v i 6 r a r i e o r t . 1.4.1 Eport,idtrc: O avpl6pEvog opog 6!rlv dtl66qorpd r'rovri!ror, enedri V$Ierar i V$Itar, ercl8i exrov6vlqrxor ?rdrii 2. Av to popDrrK6 n6io.IE lnq ilav d!.rioero,o avp)a6lvo spqEdtnv olp6o9arpa0o vD16tdvi noi o dvpl6pvo6 adpdqcrtv atF6oqalpo0o Vflerar riFoa6!po, olov Ionpeprv6 arou6,r6l.ouq Trdti; ri xdr 4. 5. Av nTn il flq dloardot{ rnq !},ivrlE ri lou Aid, o avpldFevoE o6pdg, \yul6rdv r!proo6rpo ltolii a xar Av ro Fdao lopra(6 Fdpoe.oDoepa rirav nol,Lan)'a6lo a,!6 ro kovoqK6, I dvoSogi I rd0o6os 6v6s.prifarog loD dpo 0a eil rnv i6lg opro'(padar{ Frogor,i F rlv Kovollxri: 6. 116r dw Fral.6u Fs pF6 adpd av d'te),eD0epo0ei, oGloer i 0a 0d l(oiiLer otrlv a!l6o9atpa, KdrTrori;
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l.

3.

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11

Eivdr ftpoeov6c. 6fl

rirl,ooe, or6re oe 6Dororoosi!(

mq{ivflogarc .fl6 u 6laqoprE(6 rt oq,6Ferpo "tg crrlroogotpnq zioq 0a sivs! v *vr Slaeoprrftrl. Eivm 6uvai6v 6lr(D{ rt -!o Eilur 6uQopeaq o 6no roro0e6iEc,ao! clFooqalplrrl Trirdrt sloDv ro i6ro

D\y6pftpo; H c',.d\.rqdl eivor r(oraAoflxrl. A! rq ,ragd5Eatga, c15 &jo o!!g rono0oGE 0plrorpaoiaivor 6lqqopnni, 16r I rrat6p\,,1 IE o&frit @'tv I TruRorlro mu a6pa,ohlEi oc lLsra0ol'rl r.irolq. ntg 1.5.1 .Ialit r4q 0EpltoKpaaiaq tur atpa piro or4r

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Tr 0a dDF0eidqv EtTledvelol(]l ftiEort iou opo, cv oi6{bpoq oEppalaei

o dpor vDdi ri

A(, ecdpidourrcfl: 6tu ,rpol'olpcvcq oq;!r. rou artoagctf'roi o,TouEoll(l)q lirpo w c1(Irito!.rtr, ro sdoqru 10 km A'tl.o6rt 4fti{oD! Ymeflontlq

ocpa or

oro qv c'nqdvcrc Uc/pr to nvo! rav

!o 75% rov Fopiov o?.ox}tp1l6dts o'll6a9owa;. o apai \rur,cro! Ev6 o.qv (firl

on d.t pia afltlq olil:hpoq

oepFoivarol xar on I riEort rapasvl oroop4. Av o.hiaouFe 6fl 6no sur* cdtXrq, vd El4o,riooDrrs ta quio mo o-,!oi! I tridrt 0a .ival n./.- 400 h?4 r6te 0d

6ur1a-rooorp oTl anl opuri oflih ro o']tEio trtr,6 ea En& r!'r?L!..epd, on' 6,n arnv Wprl astlq A1jro G'tgsilEq oI1 Kdo. dqllEio rnf o:pu]tq 6t|t)qE, 'rou ppicfficl cro

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2.3. I Ep@ltjottc L Av ro o6fo 6Ev Krvtiror Kdota stov dEovd rcprcpoprig xdr 6ev lnE nprdpoqri(, trola n 6ivdFtl Coriolisi (F=2muonpq, 6r!oD9 q 7orvionou cltFati(er n 6n0uv6n tlg xivldrlg p tov 6tovo 'rEpro-cpoqiE) avalopei an6 ro xilrpo 2A

No ara6rl0Ei 6!l o ,fso,fpoprK6 r]tlftoq 9 ro nir6o amlprtoqE eKxpeIoE dpEperor e1.roE 0rp6v Kad Tovid !, n o'oia eivor 9=36r qlq 24 2. (Foucault). 2.4 I8(,}6rpoor|(666r'qro< Aq l)rc6qou}re,6!r o x&nolo nvoq e'irKpaftii oprq6wlo 6@QopA tliaot6 dn6 to N6!o rpoe !o Boppd. Evo rtlliFa m! a6ps xcre0i6 op1qel va xlvilsr on6 N6ro ,!poE Bopp&,? lalDv6pvo on6 q Fa0FiSo rrl( ,iieote, dpli(r vo noper.r)"iver tng 'lopeidEroD, I6to qe 66wprtq Coriolis. H Coriolis 6616 ouveldq auqdviar e'di d'4d!e!or rl rolrEtrd rtE agpr4 !d(o!, ra0!c6!,!aq reLtKri lov dvstro 6!iLl(6, opo$ oq oiol d!r1i n 6$\o}t rltsr rlg ed!6s! vo aqoD6p6osrq Srlvdpnrnq Prr0pi6og rlicolq. T6rs o rivFoE,ivde! rapd2,l,rt),a npo( rE rso9opei( xoL oroFi(erol :I!.ro',!!K6 civdLro le7ov6q. 6Tl o leodrporplri6gdvepoq nv6er6r() p6perc i:lol4d! !!g Zrrprll,6g nr6arg oro op!6repd roD. fld vd ntrLoqalpro oivor. 6Foq Kooapd Foolpoqff66 rp6r(3l or tgopapig vo ivor euosirE ro! 6arr:touv, TeTovo!, rion orr&vlo olFgoi\r 6rlv orF6oearpo. 'E!or o yoo.tpop|x6gdvepoqivat aril.d Fi-d npoo6.fTlonrou npoyFoflKo0dv6foD. 2 . 1 . I V d q I p . t t t r i t t p t a o q 1 o Dt E a o z p o q t t 4 i a r t p u . t$ptpovd pr, !o nponyonpsvon ic|llilrtta rcD ,fsoorpoqrForiGlEpo! aivor qld)'orn q( 0d0Fi6agqi nira4q -,6rlk5i:

i e(op(twa6 rrovddL(lia !d{a d6pd "-;

H qDsrKi aqpaois flts 6Kqpo6nq al)!'ie eiva! 6fl .rlo qv iiisqe

i6La 0ceui6o

Ka! no i6lo Teo.rpdprN6 r)dtoE o yoorpoqrKo; dvsuoq aDqdvelor F ro '5voq. efffii n ft1)xv6lnro 'ou depa e}.oEoverol.

H Sri,qrt Coriolis eivo! olvdpfilorl ltf lovtaxriE @/"uqraf qe ?nq @), tIE roturqflg (tt ) roo ov6goD roDloTpoqrxori rldmDs (9), 6tl,o6ri: Kar F=?QVtFp
:6wovt

(2.4.r)

Fe to rlcpaftdx,o oqv npi1rroorl roD Tocrpopr(oir o!'!:loD

zovaa-1f

v,=ffif

r'.u.zr
(2.4.3'

Mepx6e 9opgo 6pof 2OIFQovoF4nor ftpal|erpos Coriolis (f). Eror

., 1 Ap

Atspot t6r0) dr6 Baoou.srorKd aviuoc 7aunli& Kor plrnld- Bo0uort6e Ag uto06ooutr 6rr d Kinoro orFoaqarprrri nepto/i n niol ilul 6q Xoqli, 6Il!5{ 6toDlr 6!a popoBrlpx6 Zoptl6. norca d.veFog Drokdr dpaTerar Ytdti; Mla oiplo fdqa o.rq lelrovd loD ldFnl,oi 6a un6xe!!d drn 6ivdFn tnq poOFISo{ ,rl6rt,nou es qv o!:! rpo6 ro rs!,rpo ioD XoFltloi. Taw6movo lng 6B0gI 6waFrl Coriolis el<tprelq p4o oDdiv rpo! Ia Seid qE lr.Elp!I atplo pr4a l,g xn'rtosi rapdr.trtla ,!pos flg roopopeag. dve+osauro, tro! 6pr eivar O 'fcoorpogtx6g (opoi ol rooFapei6 6ev eiwr sDoeig)X,6tF.ar 0a0Fot6g paopi5og, dvepog dvspoS i :qv rcpitlaool aDli i 6rjvou Coriolis 6ev rdoppotriqv SivoFn qg pdeFi6qg qg nieq6 aqof np6nr 'l 6o'1oraF!'rl rre !u :!apgae! tnv rsvlpoFol.o Sivapt. 6qla6i: -::: = ----2l)Vnr4 r od
-\/2

(2,5.1) \,(0016

Tq pori ripo) 016 evd /-aptM qv ovoBl4oup '(','(?"o!rri, ilt owl.6,ovrrrDkl,ovLri.

30

Baau{i. e|(ooricac flc A|)laurxic

2.6.I Ein6or:ts trirI.,qs 'Oiav $ia droryEioEvo{perdon ^rKv6rlru6 p n}tar ! radqq

oe pu

rieqg iP xor tsu!6r@ova Elu 9op!nx6 'r.6io a , tor o'to io vopo to! 6E 0o0rri5o N.v!rr\u roliEr:

(2.6.1.1)

6rou FI 6iivapn qq rp0rig rAt,o @o Gorreio am6 lrljradrvrd! 6d rt eqiooo! (2.6.1.1),Ipdgsraro o6pavlaK6 avoeopdq rt} dlc6oitonlUa. H rivldtl ro oo6'.rtFa oro qv ror, dox.iou avlou. s al6q Fs fllv oflq&vralqq nE, r!prTgr9etar 4ioool: dn _- - l: dtpdtdrdt :. di =du =dn

6rou f = 2thIe rur q D or sofiodo.g rou i o"d{6lsl)0tvoq)q y. Tov(tra! 6n mpoki]Israt yl ouuor6oo o atov diow z, F,tclirlivurprxpi o'IEnxd!E tts dlfi 2.6.2 fMorpoprx;t tpooityto4 Fei!$ trxpi. Eftrl;ov, Tla orooepi poi tt prxfli 'ordv lariouv or 6uo av!8( pd5orFqq rivqol roo

qe Av osDplee,i rivqdrt peldirls KliFaxo{ xor Fatpui er6 tlv En4ri.vsrd nq dI I 6iwu rqq tpfiq

rorlnuktrnlo, tdrE an +: 0. dr-

q,toFvr ovogj(crar toorpoprkri.

H ard6tol14 roxi'r}tav g ovold(8rar

yoarpo9rxi ron'rFa xar 6ivffal ar6 q ot66l:

t-

(2.6.2.1'

xdr alo t{!rg()\r }rrq driot crEi, o 'l'vFoE p6po tllrogaipo nefl 6sh6g1po9a n;oEov (avnxudirtg), 'dp6ratXa tt tl6 r6opap4 "/6po uro ta xi!'!pa Dy4trrilv

v6 dro vdao ltrrdpaip$ oprotp6Grpoea rn6('v rDpo (Er6la iswpo 1ogqtuirv (rud,{n!g). Taloe o!'ogtpero! ofl n ?oorpoelnt ,tpootfllan lolir ce i\4 Islar hpa ioo I km xo! Tr TorpoqlKA nMq l]srsLrJrEpo 100. lov 2.6.3 Kb ,oorposrK4 xtyIoq :Ia tlxFi l4rlpo{tra TA1'!I I f ivor plrprl. 0,.6., o rivrldrt ts trrya:l ro!.rul6qrq 6,I(:)5 o sva rps,trx6 rur}lbvq |'& ,Epooemon sivor I rur-)6orpoplni, oqv onoiqr xrwpoll6loq &nnixDvort qpaavadcaolqEraraI6 roD
! :n pouFroa mEqE i2 orl^do'I, ; ,.r=;,1,

(2.6.3.r)

:rnv r!pino64 roD 6u[np0r]p0ouv Efltriluvd{ xar rl Coriolis,r6re rpoxll,ltEr o I Pa0poi6s dv!o6: l.v2 r ('p

"' t'L 4 ;;
To rtuiopa qE Erlt|irr}qg

ft

f'r'

(:.6.1.2)

dv/dt ror rou 6poD Coliolis ivor oiutrrarof n = v/tl-, 6,10!Lr6!0uvsrtqe

qp0s6s xar?qetar oprc R o s s b y, R.hlaii

fivndnq. Atful\rcr orr ro Fsfeoqron aptoFoi Ro eivar Fsrpo irlE &rfuoEfllg 'tEroorpo{prctq rpo6snlo'4(. 2 - 6 - 4l ' t @ 6 u v a u t x t ) Av uror4 6fl z dvc| ro {Vo{ $urgroopoflqe atreiireaa4 sqv onoio 6io P, y,lotE td'llln Inrovlxd drut!tu i.ow rllv i6lotfrai FEvrt

(2.6.4.r)

onou vl

qsvp6v1 9a0Fi6a z 6.qv 16opqpmi6n{dvero. H 6/"adn(?.6.a.1) arl toD

6ov[sl r{ pd0lri6ddorlc lrwr op46vndeElrQdl\]ela4 rn pa8lli6arlvoD{ o Ula F ltroraxrl too0opxri onpa"rro"Ensr6ri 6lroa r al(dzuvol qf gdptqrq{ g FEtdFdlf,aGlrs m 4,og xar .o ,t.olpaqoi6 trlinog op(Elor ro Te()6!vaIrt6

32

o = ISdz. 0 oowignlq

Ero! av r EKgpoon qE Foorpog'xris

'rpo66n!oE

Tpo{ei oav

mD ,|o60yapE(oD, Iiverar

v,=fr " voo

2.6.5 E{ioao4 oovtXstas

(2.6.4.2)

H 4i6oort qg ouvqlqguvoQp! rt poil ilg Fdlor !o! arpo sirt Boldbu 6Tl dFoo xar Xpovou loorhol Fqv ro Krl$erqooXr{ n,r.v6rFo+ &t}.o6il qE

(2.6.5.t)

Mpft& eopiq rl 6io0)q qe ouvfu$a1eillrl 7ticqrl, orav i4ova4tEio,rpvov Eivar I ,ridn.Tdr Flerq Uoperi: i-+:-+-:-:u tx oy .p
dtJ dt Ltnt

(2.6.5.2)

6*" *@
2.7

d.

Atuododrortrrikouafl

2.7. I Kiryata H frisph oroopmqral

fapi)r4td, ror ruF&rov otrptirya{ :tponrne! qrro 14 osd)Orpr1 qg

lsroKrviror Kma(opoQa' oE npoErI aldoFrl tdoppo,lia;. tqv 7tpinro6n, lrnD rt arF6oearpa ivar o'ipoFdtopsq, q ouzv6tllta rar-avrodqf ror 4flFaroe aftoi ppior.erol pe rlv

e.r'6( |rlKpoi itilporo(

qE a1tt669apaq ro oroio

ropa8oxrl, 6a io ,!prpdiM.ov ertpdtFal olt6 q Ki\.qoq aufll. A1,t6 6nFai\,! od 6"y ondprouv !F/d!rq rclar6plqE r1doq r(cl pnp5 opd-owuq H 4i6oarl qq o''viFus (2.6.5.2) F rq 4lodaEq qs opliq:

**1P=q dt pa(
rivalcu '

qI..1$as=o
A ptu

(2.?.r.r)

'l Ao at --+:+-=0 A PA at A,

(2.1.1.2)

A't6 rov np6ro gep}lo6owFrl(6 v6Fo r6po, n duwFrKi ospporpaoto 0 rrevorortl|g 4rdddeq. d l n o-- o . d l n g-1l d l n p _ d l n p _ _ - -ei., dt dt dr

\LI t.')

II toalofri tqg F065oD 5lo.r!opdv,(66119(0lr! dlv onold,o=o , oEo', rov l p=F+C , p=F+p') sqv uSpootcfl.risqldoot (Ll.l) 6tver

u-t($)=-x-t
qdog I rard6rafltoi 4tooq 6tver

<L7.t-4)

E=n, p
O dov8rioolaErov 4!o6ocov cw6v Stveu

(2.7.t.,

gL*on-9-f{) =o a - ax\F,,

?+sr_J+sH;lLJ_sl;r=o 9.4-9-4|.4]Ax a. H a\F) (Li.t.q

a,v' fo'l

.. a (o') fo')

^ w. + : a f p ' ) -t:a ( p ' ) = ^ u b

t-=t_ l.,1\9,/ f cr\pj

o,rou8.

_ r l n e O cuv6ljcogoc ?,na&nv oha6oov(2.7.|.6) 6ivslm dlioopa - . r&,v rov

a, (arqavel(od), vrorrrd, xnporr Prpnx.Lr!. AwppEra. GA oxvelqu EvurdpdSrylra r-ulriftov ldpn'qro! O lapat rloD

.i6rlrovr(1)Fdrov, ex!olixn rrt!ae

sder ndvo cn6 .}u gouvo,oE d(a0p6q 6u\Orireq.xaed{ nrkar zpoe ro '(dno, rieeror os to}rijlt(dctt loiparcq popu1Fa6.Edv 01 61)vorlxe( xor ep$oxpootq4 rtrlr oV n'-pto};GzoD alr a!l)!,oeei I oFE p4q o"flFa4owor vprl. Ami Ia \1tlmo Sd Eir1tl6rd6qrq 0X trpogro poulq ru tt op4ovna gu!'tados trlE qadlKie .otufllio1 o dtEorl I fllv Erteijrvlq0o i\or urpadiri ilcr &rd'L\)!, xowi dqv enrpdvela svplela6B6i6Ero1 stiiiv. Enll6rt ouoE1 ilryrl wiflElag Eivar I npogra ,r'ivo. &6l rl o|laSul laf.uqro rarcuoiltdl npo6rd rtvo .v6I SocrKrl rdlufltro npog fl xdflD. trua(bvE! 6fl ft xlucra paptirFo{ sivor pu $xprl owlordda qq xivqq6 q".tv rfidlrfll orp6o9olpo. Eilnr ]n8avovta ru|lara 6utd va r,nrpcrow rrivo oo ra 75 km. 2.7.2 Ki)ratu nos.tby Ta Fcrdhq 'd,iForq KuFaflxd ;(dpqrlrp|anxd- ,too topaqpottwm 6q porl. 6 tr?.avrFrxrl xl.ipo{a eivarTvood og 1L I r rx d r !t I d,!u tqv nlo arti Fop{pi ?,dv tou( aUpoiwuv, E!cr5i trErsgdt]tErI ropA]lErpoqCoriolis ]r ro y0rypopu6 ,ri.dro( xqr Eivdr flalord 0)erultara Rossby. To !,'rl.o[a!poroi$a RoslbynporttnEr 6 !u aqrospcpa otoeprlE ,lurvtrFo! p otorotsd (ouri po|it t Ka! qlrEhF;ag xa.ax6pprq Kiv,totq. TmE e6 r'{ 4rd66'q opuiE (2.?.1) Kor duv4l[q (2.6.5)

d fo.u au) -ilet, au) ar = l : - - : - l + I l : + :(x/ + u q= U -l ot\(d oyt \oy

rooornrd ---

(2.7.2.1)

tuar
j,

e,fl

Iu

oDno"d)od roD cuiv xar Eilcr Tvooni 6av

6!po9rLrou6e

rcu eirct tva &!i\Dqra ioo !r to 6Drlioro T'lq lo)vrdxri!

m1urlFaf roll tFi,rotoE ro! p6rdox. Tdbq 6nur{'vf!a\ on Ia Ku.uaroRossby

r.r-Divror 5unK6 qg 9qdl(|i( porig, r,(oI eaotkli touc fll$'Itd

ouqdvtot P

H ruxlooooio6rn Erodt6ooarpa 2.8.1 BadEd tapa,crttptoutid r|E xo opopiaq 611otpadopatpa H ov6cpt o-rpar66eorpotopoFqpiqrdr 7vtkA ot!6 qv dt{,16n qq oEptoKpodids xclr qE roltrttraq ioD ovdfou lr ro rl\yoc. Etor I av6rPn dletrrd F dlpdr6sporposivor fld noln oraepi tleprolri odtv dtF6ogorpa, lrlv ot!6 rlc xorax6p!9Egrr\.tqeq xar onopov6ver av6repl orJr6dgarPa rrlv lpon6caorpd r(or rqv rar0irEprl o-.pdt669orpa.O UopFp6q au!6e q( Ku(logoPia! a itav rliPrl6, av rl lponoogarplKri!Kortle otpolodgorprKrie oLrKi 6oli qq srf6dqqrpdE 6pord{eFe exeiq rov ftpto16vtou I6rlF plort t.ar !0)v p6dov ?eolpogrxov nX.ordv.Aut6 ouppaiv8r,lrl6ri or Iot'1K6 reproX6g rapouoLd(ouvaroxliseq dr6 lnv audnp6lnra lou maeepoi' eivdr a!p!!Faro(.Mia qr6 rLqepedvEig 6r6tlieE qq qvdisprl( alpat6oqarpoq qovrxi '(lklogopia. or To 1er'.r6vo dv+or o!(dvo!v Fe to nvoq, a'r6 n soEvek aurrxoig ri cvftol,rKo69 63 tolupons 5ulrxoig dlq a!pa!6ndD6q. rolilrlr( dv6Fou ouFpdivouv 1o lerFovo otl fevtxd or Flolitpg otparodearprl3i xuxl,ogopia awrdrp6g1ft tlv Avot6rl Kar eEr.idderar $o Erpra avdrol'x,i poi oe FE7lgrn, o-.o !6loe loDl"io! xor ror6rrv poivErrpoq ro r6loq rou r.oi,oKdrproi qE rora'(6pu9a(pdeFi6q tol$lrl1oq tou Or r!pEo6iepooFor6Fopee H dvdtou tpnouotlorou\4qr oov Fitpo tn( atparoogatprKtig r.uKropopiaE. Aufli rlnapdpErpoE ovo9ipflr 6ov A i K ! q E ! rl6 tt P a' t(ar . o o 9 ar p r x ri q K DK)' o I o p i a ( (S.C.I.) Eivar UaI ouvrot6dapori I o 6tp6}ra nrilouq l0 Km Ir x6wpo !o iVoE lov 50 Kn. E or o S.C.l. sivdr (ovrxof pdorKrio !6,0gAvloq 6rI olpor6?roncit. T47'oE, nspioEoe rnE pEydh6 llEtopl'nt6lnldsqs arparooqdrPrKriq n ruxloeopiaq X6t3tarnpio6oq KdiarTi6dE rou lsrF6vo-

2 . 8 . 2 A t p v t 6 t t C o T p a r o o e a t p t i 4 Ce . p t d . r o c t c orparoogatprl({ 6pFovon opiqForx6eedruqwrKi ronlri xar lpovlrli oeptrKli ovoFol,io qe orpffi6opdrpde. MEJdln orgvi6ra orparodg(t.prxri 06pFavot ldporqpiq6,lar sKeivq xard qv orlola Kdro an6 ro ilvoe rov l0 mb Kdr dr6 flq 60 ,fo7paqft6 rlldloe rpog roDS ft6l,oDg, oD!,Avera! n rard Teoypoprx6 t!f.&os tdot oEppor.pdoia,oe oovSDosF6$ awrGtpopri q( xuKlogopiq (oDvtiooe dto 96pero tpro9dipro). Mrxpi argvi6ro K60otFovflri aitndl 6rpotooparprKi 06ppavdq ovoFd{erol Arevl6ro

fllg oepprpaoidg 6 xdnou olparosgatpuoi rlsprolri

roD lrFprvori ra t|rlqgoQioD,lopig 6Fogvo r6'I6ouv xprllipro ing rdlrlc orgvldtdEorpaloogorprKieoippvonq. :nFdvetor, 611 6ev Dndpter |rlpl difEpoT vrrA qno6rfli oeo)plo, roD vo e6iti ,iupo)6 rd porv6Bar,s aw6.

37

KEOAAAIO3 TENIXH I{YKAOOOPIAITHN ATMO'OAIPA awnpooonenerp6votr p6orl pori loD s6ps O 6po( 1ew(i KuKlogopi6 y6po dtr6iov rlaviln. O ,lparFauK6g 6vFog 6vovi6ro KIrrKdroro6oo|6vrt o' tpovrKri o.flTpripropei vo FetogdltrrdroqFqw(KriTtpo an6 iI p6ol outri '!v6ouv !o rrFri, nop 6?'aaDrdI F6q rrpri EKqpd(L Trori Ksrto E6f o! arvpor -p6ro oe 6nigopee apLotferou 1llavtinl. Kora ouTxEKprF6vo 3.1 '(utt6oou Movr6l,ouovo,6 Ko)'utpcvt pe vp6, 6fl sivdt opot6Fopq& Oe@ponpe nTirvn anredvela

on6rE 610r orogeuroDpe rit 6raqoperui eppavsrl orEptig-0(i?tcodoq. ouv,a69 iov IonF6ptv6,oftotE 6tot OE{upoipsniotq 6tt o i},roc KorrilqEr arogttoups rrlv stroXtxril|era0ltr6rlttd. TeloE 0opoiE 6tt n rn 6ev ?roupdq v6!(rg6pel, eivot 116'ivaFl nprorp69Elarxd! rct 1 l6v! 60vc1pt, KuK)'ogopid 'idr16.Kdlo atr6lLgi!(lpairAvo npo0roedoEr( 'fvL'rri 6lggopdrg I rou cipo 0c oile r1 poppri 5uo xcro16pugo:v KltI(ipov (6vdoE KA0e npoqrov 0d rlpLogaipro). alpdq 6rtxo6rj ovepl6tov orov lorlpeprvo, 66ue o o n6lo,0d KdtpX6tsv orl ouv8lld xqr 0a en6orp9t6log rirLr otov to! (ririapo H.dly), Gl. 3.1.1). guorKri ottid Elproup1idq H Iortpprv6 6e sivur rl tE?dltrl oapFavorl rDrrdpou durot KoKT'ogopioE xiroe nFroQo(pto otov lotpEprv6 Ka! n r(\rr6lpovn F6,dtrn 'yuqrtorov 16l.0.'Elor I Felal'n SrtFLoDptei ortv EftL9dvLd 06ppovorlrou IdnFprvon IaFI?"ii nieorl, Evoirl D,yrl).i rrisrt. le,dl"n ViEn orov r!61,0

XIin(

(3.1.1) 1() Kia(po lludlcl. lo rpd,o rrovflilo nPolioilrr; utui Qv rl O G.lli(tlcy tu rd trrprtpo,tr:i tdort rL(llrttrrrj KoK?.o9oplr. (:tx4 drrirJX,xdL op7,i oq 0r;r)luirt,ortKri nr:jnolri (d! xtr,:i r rt,oq R, r f l o l ' p , r .) ' , v u w l ( 0 , : . ' K , l , : * i ' 1 ' r , r . ' : r ' x t , , , u u t ' x , x , f l r , r r u d t ' ! yu rlq lrKr:q Il:plo1r:q((l| ,:trrotp,lrrxo(r ldl"llixrtrr 1. tlnut o , r l vN t t l ; o t , , t' t , | . ' , ^ ' " | i , . ' r " , i n l , t r , r r n i l l ' , r , r L1 l ( |

Oro avdFda 6tov ldqlprv6 ror rov n6lo pqdviq*ar oprq6l.rrd BsgFiSu p ,ricrq duv6nta vu1p6gnol,rK6q o d6pogvs p6errpoe rov IonFEprv6, ev6 do 'rT a6pac ptur npostov n6lo. M rov vd ol.irpo ivn o 6epp6(I6n[epLv6g rpono oDr6v npissu EvEplerog dr6 rov IclFeprv6 xor TllK6tEpaqv Tporlu i (6q Fela$6perar oav dlqon i i lo\dvouoo 0pFo!q!o aroDg

rdtora arllA xnflapd xurlo$opiag 6v uftdplouv trnv rpalgorrr6qm 6p0)E orov ,rldvrirn Fog.Kal out6, lLdti o ri),a{!nE pdEnprorp69Etal. Er6! Tl 56vaFnCoriolis0d anoKlivertn lolllri v6 d pori tou BopeiourlFrdpdrpion 'poe rd 6qLd ,rdpdlowqq ovarohrong errqoveloxoieavq$Dg oe 6l,0 rd d{irn. 1o1pogr(d

M.s!1tle-I!]4.erlLu3!qa!
tlov l6qFprv6 o eepF6goipaq av6pleror x(lr dlfnlKv(Dvrrou(

uSpo!por,\,nou,rrdq6pr SnFoupt6!'log ta onwepd nlrou "cunulus", ro66tl13{ }'a!d\'ou6d6 oeptl6tlrd(. H 0epF6tnta atrleDespdvowac Fy.i)'eE xdvEr tov {16pa trro dvo6rF6 evl6luovm6 ro rnftapo Hadley. O avpt6pvoq qtpag eedvL 6rnv lpor!6rausn, nou 6pd oav xandxr awi lov KoeoStlr6wog c6pd vd xrvtoi rpo( rou( r!610!6.H 6[vdIn Coi]olis6]r(06 \ynld. onorliver qv poi aurri rpos rq 66d SttFroupy6wog S0rLKoie ov6uoDq Oo 6onI 6tI ouv6lers, 6n or dunKoi outoi dvFot gedvouvq F6yratrl rslirtra r!l&06. O a6pdq!o)pd Krvorl!vo( ?rpo(rov,!62,0 aro rc rpo,lrxd. TivEtornro to rurflog, agoi Vilerdr cd6uxd. Eridn( p61'qn),Io1d6er tiod TsoTpdqtxdt rldll outxlivr, or6ra rlapAtr u\, ,6C fl6org arq! errgdveLa (urlotporrxd uvtlLd). Koe6g o duyxlivov apa(, dvo dE6 to uvnla. opTiqelvd xar6ptEro', .rivetdr0epr6lEpoq Kar rlp6rpoq. i n xdeoDrx)i Au Eivar |(i Kivnort 8qFrolptei rov xa0dp6 oupav6 kar qv eppritlredvro. dllod, ?rou trg dnvolrdF F1AIE epipougroDrLavrilTl. ,{16 awriv rrtv rproXri007-r), evottri}lo roDmqoleroxoiddpaEiLdp6gr nioo alov I6n[prv6,roD l6to rrg 6r]voFIC Coriolisritrfl Fopeodvaro].rK6c. Kowd arov I6rUpw6 or O! dvlor oljroi }'aToEor o7'n,ig. popEavsrohxoi du.oi riveFor lou BopEiou Hjnogarpiou, o!-rxlivoDvjr rouE rouq KoLndparouvroD( depole4l(ppoucr.owd arL( 3S xdL6S 7.

qv volrocvoio)LlKori( NorioDHFogorpiou,6yltroDpt6!'!o Ardiponlriri 10! ,|/vooflioE ITCZ (Inlertropical Z0ivn :i7K}'r('nq, Convergence Zone). To d ,o rFiFa lou nrgovetaxoi qgpa o-.lv replo/-li rov 3007.n rrviro. rpoq rov n6lo aroK;.ivowdE, l6to drg dnvdpllE CoriolisavorolrK|i6nFroupt6wagTouE EnrKpalonvie6 d!rrKo[( av6po!E kar oto 660qFoqdipla(:I. 3.2.1). Kdooiq or dvFor ouroi oSeioov rpoq roDEr!6Louq,6uluvloriv ryDlpd peipdrs o6pa, rou x.vo'3(ror npoq ro rAlo dr!6 rouE r6lous. To sio ourd pailard loD opa, to VDIp6 xol ro 0pp6.6av ovoFr,!1)oEar Sulopiqowa! an6 ro Kat q6\n lopll,i{ rieolE- ro nnorollx6 noIrK6 F6roro, pro IaFll66nou o eftredvraK6g adpdE dulxlivr rdr dvp1Ersr.Evd rpiFa rou ovp;(6!voDa6pa Enrdlp69r ar6 io p16^a ivq aq (6vrl rov 300y.1t xor pu0iqeror dilv Enrgdveldaqv rproti rou urotpodr(oi uvt).oi. To F6cio aul6 xitrrapoKuK)Loeopiag lE')'etoL i r r d p o Ferre I (:I.3.2.2). K lro no?,rr6prllo'to (600 7.,!).o \,!tp6q o6paqan6 rov '!6).0 a,!or).ivl, popeLovovorol,rxil (nprolri 1.6roq( 6$voFrl6 pori Coriolh, SnlrloDpyol!.ldg nolrr6v A v a r o T , r x { i vd v 6 u o v ) . :uvo\riqovrd( arnv nrgd!ld KdeqFro9arpiorJ Kdrri qv 5Eii0u\.1q v6g peon$pworit'Jdpto'rv 660K6pEg m6dov(300,r.n arov protr( $\yn),(iv Kar tt6).o)xor Bio xrlpqnproISE xor Xalrnldvrldoov (16IpEprv6q 600y.r). Kdtd ft6do 6Fo( r6pa !o Fow6lo rou rpEtrorl Kurtdpo! ouFpdSiqEr Fe rrtv Bpo?FolrK6frllai Yndplolv doupqoviEE,6,roq ro ysyov6q 6.l ro troaio Kirropo Ferrel tlpoittoo6tr avd!o),u6 dvepo \ynlid (xao0tqrl pori lou avElrouivdr rlpo lov Idylrprv6), Ev6 o..nv npdtFdirK6qto o AvEpoS on6 rq rapaqpioE eivdr 6orrx6E. IIdwo)E ro pow6l,o olj!6 oDpqovini,ripoq pe rrlv Karavoprirov sv6povr(drrnaoov drtv en rgavsra.

40

Polor High

,t)),r)
Hioh/ --.=- sr,orrooi/o1

"/ --;\

/,ri"",,ti*'/
\

/
,
\

'llisl': )5uut)oPl"ot

. rtode tYhds -\
,l'erla.r?s\ \ .\

Lqn

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Polor lligh EtriFo (3.2.,) E.l9dvcLux6gdvepoE Kul Ka!{rvoFti itlE nieatl6.Utp{mr.ri (tftrxr6vrstl rou F6ooD sr,n9uvtxrlKof oo 0vr:f rrtg (rrirvoprig!rl9 nteolg.

:]tril'a (3,2.2) Ml:on pednpfJpr{ KuKloqopir >I{Foflr(ti onnLK6vrort ltq F+;off F$aqFpp!!.iig Kur(l,ogopidq rou popeiou tprogdrpiou. ndpdllporivluL 'rpio K'lr!rp( Kr.,Kl.oqopir4: Io K6Ecpo lladley (r:l-n6pr,vo {m6 trlv 0puoKpdoi'4 'ftcivt:mr rio6 !16 30.8 To 1eotpoprK6trr.iiroe. Kifl(lpo Ferel sKrr:ivr(lo1l]v ((iq 30.-('0.8 nldroq Kur to no2.ff6 K0trlrpo !E pd,l,ov roo$vri 1otpoprK6 K!r(lo{popi(. T{r tJf:lrrloro cXrilo ur.rxKovi(oDv rttv 5r:rj0Dvort.rou cnrir{rvuoKoi (r+ix!.

Aootiudroor (iersFelms)

eivar o6prE pEiFEtd FriKoDgIt}d6ov tflrcp&pc)v, rlldtouq Kdro}{dSov 1 ,!olIp0)v Kar EdlollE B6vo peprKdv !ot) n I*roFrp6v. tlov Kewprx6 rDplivd ev6q apolr,rdppou, lslittto dDvowaF knots. T6toroueaepozetFdppouq ovEFouuippaivErro 100-250 Or aepolsiFdppor dd 6otvd o-crlv Tpon6rduorl.:DyKKp1F6vo 660 onpid,6rou n Tpon6ndudl 6no +eovi(r avoi?fora (300l(or 6tl.T.r! Gpirou), Drdp)aoDv apoleiudppol (oeporipappo, Tp0,!6'!aDats). O 6vac ppioKerarravo) 0116io unolponrK6 u{nl6 do ivoq !o)v 13km Karo dllo( tovrd aio rcltrk6 p6roro a ovoFdqetot Po 1 i p o p po q nolrxo n pr6toD ]i o-ro lvog tuv l0 km KaL trol.rK6E poleiPdppo(. s Etxori A epoXet 3.3.2 z tttttovpti 6 n o).t,colEut yTtorpo ldpp ov d) nohK6cqFooliudopo( toD nLQdvro rlol.lxoi \yulpo\i To nohK6 F&ono eivdLrl braloprartKri (6pa co v6to. Auti I on6topr\ o6po o-.opoppdxdr rou oppoiunotporlrxori H ropdler tnd an6to|n o?,loyrio-rltvt!i61'1. on6lopn dll,a?i o'!n oppoxpaoio plo tlieong,rl orois vrol6srlov dl),orri o-lrlvilion 6nFrouptei poordpo0pi6a &vpoxor 6tFrclp1ei rov dpolitoppo.EnEr6ri di.l.ori tnE epFoKpadioq I !o Kard FiKo( rou rErdrcD eivd olup6pn to lerpojvo ror so0Ev6o-.pr Tov KaLoKoipr, ao).rx6( aEpol.ipappogpqdvi(Errotrxri SLaKripdvdn. o 1rF6vo, o [vFo6 Eivdr rqup6tpog xar o apolEiFoppoqFet{rqdpErar vorr6rEpq xoo(lien eElQdvro rou Vutpoi peroro! KreivErdrtrEIPr .rg siva! D,!orpotrrK66 npro16E. KaloxoipL, dpo1EiFappoE oogEvidPoqKar To o $oni(ror npoE FopedrpotolpoqrKdr}'dq. ro P) Y'oloorrr6caooviuaoooc

ivaroDvieoqrqlp6t5poE rdvo on6 1(r O oroiponrx6qapolipqppoq 200 hPa xfl ivr vo qnpori(ror xotd piKoq rnc 96pEracrrDpdc lon epp6o6pd KDrrdpoD Hadley. :qv npro:(ri sut]i ro K,lltapoHadleypra96per Epo ro poppd, SnIroupTdwagan6toFq ol)-o7ri 6q optoxp.roio g prd
6rt1lopldi1kri EErgdv8la, no! Tleytar Drotpoa!K6 pato1ro. :!n Tetlovld

ro)v p16nov dDr6v SltroDpyeiror Fa0Fi6drieole |ra 6Dv6nslgq 8nproup?id roT)p6v av40v. npoaoli: Xpiqer l6l{IirEpnq rpooorig ro tElov6E 6fl q Eperivrdrlrou aEpolrpdppoD6ev oQl?Leror FovodiFawa 6trt Fyd}.t dtapopd optroKpaoiag. Kor aur6 lrari pto aepta Fiqa, roD dpli(er vd Krveiror on6 !E Frl(pd npog td qv FEydld ?eoTpagrrd ril6rq, yla va &crnpioet q dlpoeopFri qg aD&ver @trirrld qE, apo$ pela9aiver o r6t!o p plKp6lepl aKrivo rcFotpop{q. Ag Dno6soDI, rt d6pla Fd(a ctnv dplrKi ln6 e6o'rli v 1odtdo4rn. :rrt ved 6!r lnq 6on o(,rpo6 rdpar4p4fli ndvo dtn yq 0a gdivldl' L6yo trtg FElal,$rapit rallj'ttrqg q6, !u rwr ovotofuKd (I r.Eprdlpopri qe Ttg 6ivdr npog fllv dva@Ii). Alld61i, o rapaqpntlig 0a awrdlrFdvlar Al,!lx6 dvstro,roD[rlopel vd 61rfe?dl,l rdt$itld, 6rll,a5i vo ivar6vdE Auirx6goepoleifdppo(,

43

KEOMAIO 4 ZONIKO' ANEMO!

4.1

O M;6oc Zovudc'AvEuoc ro,r toota(ti)r lo\ M600, Z@vtxo'i AvEttoD o'.tt tEotiogarpa.

4.1.1 Kataroti o|pa

69atta riat 6qv riaflintn Eivor 1v'd6, 6il

trebio osppoKpaoiog av6FoDeivdr dl,)'nt'6v6eta Ka!

rov loporlnpldru.6v loD ev6E, |re!dq$ roug xor ouvn6g I owilrtvt rou npoilnoe6rer "riv6orl lopoKrrtplo-rrk6v dlloo. rt rov To n6io rou (olrl.oi dviloD o! rrKprpvo,6zer Flelnoei dr6 trollor4 t!3Pd6ov,t(doe epeuvnrE Kard !o nsple6v,IE 5e6op6vo 6ro96pov lPovrlrotv popd xdrord 6s6oF6wrourKExprFEtnq rEproliq lrlq crporoteo6ogorpag. np6ftr dk6ut vq rov60ei to Tetov6(, 6fl ro 66op6va nou lprorFoftoirloav or op?'tvovtt o1tot62.6F4, va 6d9opo! epeuvtr6g ioav plpiarg6td9opltkov tpEri(rdr '.&ou rpodo'lrri xtillrlcri sr6 xdee eptvnti rov 6,deop6v tov o IErpridovdtr6tia0F6 de:!a0jr6 Kardr6 ri'yog ivoq, :to :trito (4.1.1) rldpou6d(eror I ovd),!6n rov rooi.1l6v lotl pa6ou qo)vrKoiov6Jrou, dDvripinq ll ro uvoq xoL jre to ttu7poptK6 rldto( o-rn 6 drpdr6dgatPo xor drlv Kor6rept p666eorpa.tro :IriFo aur6 eoi!!or, 6fl rl qv dlpat6dqarpa Kar rov 6to nlrdedlpiov 1opqerdr oe 6io r!p1o16(, lponrx'i. lrou Eflxparow Avdrol,rxoidveForKar ttv reProtri tov Fsov rat r!)'ftoiv. trou elrD.poro$vADrrKoldvqror. Ev5n96pov I?d1,0)v Teo1paprx0:v rdpouori(r q ropariptorl,6Tl ro x6wpo lov AvdlohK6v ovFov o-rrtv rporrrKri neprcli eivat !roroftropevo trpoq ro B6pro lproqdipro xor rion(, y(o,pagLKri ord rlldin 6rL 01 Au Koi dvFolrou Notiou rlFtdqdrpiou p8ydtra eilur tro)'i ralup6rcpor orroiou BopEiou IFrogorpiou. 6iL Ar!610 llritlg aDr6rpoKinr8reTriong, owi08ld ! 6,tr dulpoivero"rrl alpdr6s9qrpa, o (ouK6E AvEpoq o'rtv xo'6pn pd66ecrpa eivar Avnx6e o 6).a to Teotpogrxd nldrrl, eKi6! dn6 qv Apx'ruoi pLotri, ?rougoivEior Fia sro.n dvdrlrt)Erle Avarol,rKorlovf Fo!.

E'-tua (1.1.r) KcroloPli to! Psoou(o'$of ctdlrou (n/sc') Fe to t{'oq r{' to rr,o'rpd9rr6 rtdtog GAva$Inog. + AwLr6{)

T6Log rldpottpEitor 6fl aq lEd6sgcrpo tou NodoD nttlopdrpioD or Allrxoi 6vepl eivar ro1up6leporar' 6,rr roo BopeioD,6roE dl,taa. ouFBaivsr Korcq orPatooparpa.

4.1.2 EtirStort roD MiooD Eri6too Z@vncot aitqoo 1tE rI Mioq Edata etptoEpaoia orI orparddgarpo ,.at orlr trattircprt

:ro dvci!pd 6rp6poro inq o+6o9alpog, 6nou or 5Dvd$elE rprprig sivsr oFlrlr6e(, I Kivlorl $dq F6qaqroD adpa Kqoopqstar rupioq an6 rlv 'soppoltio qq 6nvoFrlgCoriolis Kar lrg 6[voFtg rtE Po0ri6ae qe 'riEot6. lllreKprF6vo, n @rCrlrrlra roo odpo, no! xoeopi(lal ar6 qv rdopporiio iov ivol Tvo6r6 'l Ett or p o 9 r x 6 e d v 6'io 6Dvd|@v, ovoF(4etor 6ftc)6 I o g Kdrergp(4elar sr!6 llv eqiooot:

/;i,

(4.1.2. r)

orou r', elvoro leoolpo9rKog ovepog. lta l6qa xor p161.a leolpdgrK& nl,dtq, o fodlpoqrx6( dvepog eivol trol$ polrxooqovr(oi, avdlou.H Srdg6ptorl eqiooolg lnE Koli npoo67Tron npoT io! (4,1.2.1 oe 6vdaEp6toadpoovqrda6rrq roopapais Pr,6iveu P", )

(4-t-2.2'

6roD R rl ra1x6o,rro ordoepd rov opiov xor T I |r6q or6luq eeptrorpaoio lou 0eopo6FvoD olpd)Farcg. H aldorl (,1.1.2.2)quv66er qv oprl6''!ta 9o0pi6o qq opporpaoio{ tr to e r p u r N 6 c p o , o ue i v oo O e p p r ' ( o q 6 r a v u 6 F a ! r K 6 q d v e F o q dv n r ovdFsoola eniaeSonieolq Po rar P, xdr opqerar on6 q olon:

nt =t,(p\)-n,@,)
Fe Pr<P,

(4.1.2-3)

45

H eqi6o6n oDli to! epurKo6 ov6uoD ov kppooei oo! oDvdpqq

lou

42"*=---Lit'
A zoqplT

(4.1.2.3)

'5ro\ 6rlA

ivor n 9a0pi6dmu oeprtKonav6lou lt ro rtvoE xor V7 Tl

op46wra 0aepi6orne oepFoNpadiaS. Eivor d'.6arpova tlc1t0ei r6po, Kord n6oo or xatovou64qe ll!6rlE p.ilis1oq eeploKpo6iaq(nopdprrlFo) xar.roD ui:oori (ovrKon ov6poDo 0166r p*, ro iryoe Ko!ro ,reo,rpdprK6 'il.droq ivar 6upp4oo.!69. Alafls!6veror drl, 610! DnApIsL{ipvlrL\n gdelri6q q( $6otq efliord4 eepuoxpdoiog Kdrdto l]onFppw6, epgoviieloL 0d0Pi5o Auirkoi qov'Kon lio dv6FoDIe ro 6\,os, avd 6:rou ordpllx 0eflri pdoFi&r rq6 F6ons rriolaq oeppoKpdoioq Koid iov tujontrppr\,6, $povilelaLUia ftr0li6o Avdrol.rxoi Ei.vor 6dp6q l,on6v, 6T1 ro olFrepds$rid ooid eivar tou?Ldlrcrlov rorcnKd s6pqovo $ rq Er666eq rou oeppl|<oi dvEjrou,?toudvaT"rlorlKav flo ,fro B6pou, dev eillll Suvor6v va eEolooiv 6upnepdoJro@, ro z660 ro neSio rov 06pJroKpdor6v eKgpd(r r(o! exqp(4eroL 0116 re6io .ou {ovrKot ro dv6foD xowit 6.rov [6nFeprv6,ere!|i 6EoSelvor 1w0rar6 oqv Eeptolri dul1i n Divoun Cdriolisilcr EoIn FLXpiqrL'r!(, F ouvrin':ra flv ro-Xfer vo ENEin 'ro)6rpogrKri npooatyk'n.

4.2

Er,66ta K6uavon rop Zoy.roi

Av6rop

ztt pdols ?tq Et4one Ktparo4E raD Z@vltcott Avtpo ar| otpo.t6opatra iiut otqt ^azd)rtpI tu:oioqutpa. 4.2.1 Katayop4 r.Dr tooral.dr x! (a.2.1) (6e &ArsIor ro E?drog ntsec)qE ErrioloqKnpcvat: 'roD M66oD Zovxo6 Avr:foo (EKZA) oE GDvdptrlq Fr io i\roq Kar ro 'rdolpoelx6 r?drog xdr dd 3r,o nlrlo'goipra:ro:uipa

(0

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ttr :xriFa (4.2.1) Karovopri tou 'xdtolg (nr/sec) eltlot4 $l}lolortq to! tadou (c)v!r.o[ ovirpou u! to 'Jlroxar to 7eo]po.qrK6rlriroq.

5d .d

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tlo >liFo or Altrxoi

(4.2.2) qaivowa! o! Ipdvor oroue onoiou( tivolror pTldrol dvFor de Kde arFEio rnq cpor6ogorpoq Kor rtq Kol(ireplg rov 6rio dDrdv >Ilpdlov awil,nvq

Fo6o9drPof Fotrdo 6tog. O olv5Do6to obnlEi o-.o ropaKdro) oulllrepdoForo, !o oEoia Divouv Flo saqi (o\1Ko6 oviroD, }loa o 6vo6'oC. l. Tov xrF.irvurou xde rprdgarpiou drv Kdrorpn Fo6o9arpa tov Autrxoi dvsjror xor civar nrc F4oov tEc)1pa9rK6vfrrdt6v rrrparonvo! F6.rro-.ot rotDpoi oro N6rto rltrdgoipro. Kdld oDv6trer0 ro Ko;,oxoipL rou kd0E nFrsqarpiou arlv rpro1i aurrl rrxparo[v ot p6-rrolo!Avc4ol,rxoi dvspor. 2. :rt orpatoooaLpa ror d-irv Kardrcpl Iorlgprv6 onFLovldr !o prKp6ipo rlldrog it( pr}.p6rpov r},ftdv pra1o,no|l6vnnpo( 10 86Prc l[69oipro, rldin 3. Kor do 6uo tfrqqdipro, an6 ro ptdla npoE rd F6oo./oTpoprxd Kor qr6 qv Kot(!!pn arpa!6oqarpo r!po( lnv KardlEprl Fes6ogoLpd, Feo6oqorpd xovli orov EKZA. H rptoli alrri rov rtE olF?rprqopdE lou

6ev eivar o])FFelprxri o)g npoq rov ]qpeprv6, o).ld eivol

napalnpirar onqlq

roD n).diou( qE EKZA. To iSro orprB0tq ouppaiver xor a'!6 ro frKpd rpoq ro Foa .rEo)TpdqrKd rldtn. p7dtov xar lrxFx,iv 7oTpaqrxdv a],at6v 6t6r qv iSra 4. H EKZA rov qddrl l(ai aro 6$0 tFroeoipLd. F6oo Teorpogrxd nldlrl rou Bopiou lpldedrpio! 1l EKZA 61r otrieq edq pe eKeivl tov Fatdlov Teoypoprr.iv,!).a16v, o'ro N6flo tfLogaipro 6Ev noporrlpEitdr o;.lotri tnq edon6. Er(6nC, ev0i da

4.2.2 tiv604 qq Erictcc K'lavdttg rqc furtxiq lio'tC plotpaoiaq xat r4e EnioraEKiparolc roDtttooDZ(Dy,l.o[ AytpoD. Onoq reprypdqnl( 6ta ,lponyoiFeva, ar6 to r6io rlg p6orlE (ouKrlc -reotpaqLKri ospFor(paoiq oro p6oo l<al p7dla aldq p.rl tpricrt iI Biooang epprxoiov6pou rou npol(u1rrerlo ftE6io }doo! (ovLKon toD ovilou. 'Etol a'!6 rrv r(oravopliIou rildioDErrE E.K.O o oDv,iprrtorp io nvoe Kal ro to.rpoqrK6 d.drot (rdpdptnFo),ivdr 6Dvdr6v K FqeEin va xdtdvopri !o'r r}droo( rrt EKZA dtnv ffiprotri To1pogrK0lv ,!lorov. lov pd(DvKoL Fstdro)v

E&v eoproei l.ol'6v, 6!r aTlay Eivar I oprq6wrd pd0,ri6oroD nrdrotE .nE E.K.O, T ro pdo,!)'drcq lnE E.K.O o'6vo dp6trd lnE o!p669orpsg. orTl Tovraxi ralilrllo nprarpo$rig tn lrr, I 1o TEoTpaprK6ttlftos Kst lJ !o rl6rogtrlg EKZA, otr6 rtv eEiooon tou oepFrKoiav6Foutrpoxnlrter

ar

ry=-''l.-s ,la(i)

afu) -f2o,qllo)

(4.2.2.t)

io H eqoppofi rlg sl6orlg al)tiq 5ivr rrlv rl,tpogopld Kata 11660 nldrcS qq EKZA, ,!o! DnoloTi(erarnt6 aDri 0'6lr an6 to ,rldtoE rnE EKZA, rot) 'oD dvapou. Dnol'oli(rar ar!6ng FErprloeq (ovrKon p aplrl ro livoe rov 25 Km, Itd rdoe 5 Km nvolg rol na nopd6r'rlro, Tro Kdee100 AT, rnq reorpdguo\l nld!o!(, I opq6!.!lallrdBol'i rou,rl'droDg E.K.O ouv66eto! rd nldrtl rnq E.K.O,T, xor trtg EKZA, ur t!o! avsg6powdr 11 elvar o 6vo ivog 5 Km lllol,irepo dn6 ro dtp0j$d.6nou awiororld or !1pg Dr,T:, q ol6on: [

-ar=oooszr,nro{f,-f,}

(4.2.2.2\

Erd I Xpr'torForoirprl rov trlaroiv tn( E.K.O pqpr ro 6\'05 ro)v 65 Krn q( xal rov ?rl,dr6v EKZA o.ro$Vo6tov 25 Km, nap4r !a n7'6q !t( EKZA oE 61,{! Fetdln!pd i\yrl. Td dEotlidFold loD l6xou a!ro{ Sivouv'nv ro alipo6 rnv Katavopi rlrlpoqopia, 6ir rt E.K.O ,ial'n0cneror cro}rloenr {ar rldrn. rrlg EKZA, o-!oI6oE Korpydlo yE0rypaqtFd 1.3 Hurr6aro Kfiuol,arl zovrxo{ Av;nop. rou lrat a|q pdo|c tqc Hryerionc K,iqavo|c lircq.

4.3.t Kamvop,i Knv norc[br IoD MtooD ZoltEot Avipoa

o14 dqat66gatpa ,;a.t orqr KaT.bftpl

Noioparpa ot oDvtipt|ot p io ttvo r;at 10 tc@Wagtr.n

50

(4.3.1) deilvldr q Kftavopri loD ltldlolg !n6 Hlrle.iotoq KiFavon( rou F6oou Zol'lxo$ AvEtou (HKZA) o.q o-.po!669a.p4 t(or dtnv tto:r(iFa l(sr6tsprt |rs666qarpcr,o ouldFrlol alo SrioqFrdqdipu. :ro ttiFa tr ro i\rog xor ro fofpaqlr6 rldro

(4.3.2)rdpoooldqet( o lp6vog o Frivg,zou oDp9aiver1lo rp6rt qopd Foa o"ro6roc ro F67lo!orou AwrKoi avdlou o ouvdplrlot F ro ri\rog|(dr .o 1olpaqfi6 nldrcg. To onFiepdqlota, ftoD rpoKrlmouv dn6 fl :Iipala c!t(i, SivoDv fil

qe ror TqKri rx6va rtg vnopEnE !t6 cuF?rprgopdq H(ZA ont o"lpot6sgorpo lcar Kor6rpt ll666qqtpo oe rdoe reo)7pa9ft6 ?rldroa inE lng xar eivar ro l. Kdld flq lq|epieg ctr|v tpoftrKli orpar6nauon duppoivoDv ol p6tlo-ceelrlde loD nldroDe ilq IIKZA xdr ouyKexprlCvdleovi(owdr Jr6io Kdwpa FEfiorou, ro 6va orq 250B, Kar ro dllo lsoN, F rdllp6repo ro 6eirpo. 'Evd 2. 8eulepeiov l67rc1o qE HKZA epesvi(elar 6!nv Kar6lepl Feo6opcrpc rov F1dl,ovTaoypaetx6v:!}'ordv, lou!6xpo\u p !o r(liplo Fltoto tlg tponrKi( crpd16ft alolg. 3. : o)'6r)'qpt tn orparddeotpdror rnv xo!6!epn Feo66edrpa ro N6!rc nFl('qaiplo FpaviqerrElol'rtlEpo '!}'dr't ttq HKZA, a'rd 6!r ro B6prc lFrogoipro. 4. B6peu rov 5s B rt HKZA eteovi(8ar q66v !du!61povo oe 6l,a !a tlvt xdr 6ilv3l !u 6rd5i6!ar:!poE!o Boppdl To i6lo dllFaivt rar oro N6Ilo

51

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50,

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NOI|O HMt:oAnO

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4.3.2 ttirAeot tIC Hltertiotaq Ktry.v64c ro| Zaytxot A,tt\oo tt. :'ttt HNtziorc Kitawt 14E(av,ljiC rio4E tproxpaoiaq. H 'l'!oph r<fl n ooFnpqop& rt Iixza o"r1 crpctoogarpa xar drnv xdr6tepn pao6dealpa rov laoov xar pEfdXov toTpdqtroiv ,rlar6v Kaoopiqeror, rord Krjpo 1,670, ltv 'irspq xur fll oDjnprpop6 H.K.O dr6 rrlg otrt 'rplotri oulri (ndpdpitpo). Me rrlv tropo6oli lnq rffiovopiq qg H.K.O oE ouvdprrtdrt ro 6vog lrE (4.3.2), rs0rypoprr6 nl.drog. 6no)g rlapouoraorF alo :r{|l[ oftorotqelar rl al'liororlil roldvopi rtr HKZA 69 etir Av u,lorsoi on ATlay ivorI op(6wu pooFiSa nl'houq qg H.K.O. T ro F oo ildtog qe lou H.K.O 6' evd trrpojFdrrl( orF6oqorpog, nou 9piorrsr d' 6va y0)7poprx6 ltldro{ O rar u ro,rldloq in( HKZA, t6ie 0?16 rnv eqioooq lou opplKon Kor ro

aT - t - t _ l - = - t - L -"f20)nu6\ ,

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ry

\ g ../ \T../ az

(4.3.2.r )

' Etor ov u', Tr eivor ro nldln qq HKZA rar H.K.O 6to n\yo( i6v 25 Km Kdr ur, Tr or owiamrleq trFig r!l,ar6v o"ro nvoq t(l)v 30 Km, rt op(6vtro |lragoli ioD nl,&ouqAT lnq H.K.O diveiord'!6 rt ol6ortl

-aT =0.Oo32T'?nl6la-3 |
Ilr lzi

(4.3.2.2'

O 6),IloE ttq

outr0s.Lr.6rrFaq lrlg HKZA xdr inq H.K.O 6ivr tnv tllnpoeopid,6rL aro F6oo KoL perdlo lorpdqrxA n)dq n,rid ktpdvon ndlqoei! ltv dl).rl, KaL6rL or esopnTlKd unolol(6pvEg xaravo!6 llg Epglvlolv nl,ip0rg rivq,rou ,rpor$noDv an6 rrE tpllislac KnJrdvon( lletprloq.

4.4.

TrpdulvrlK$!ov6t roo Zovrxof Av;uoo

4.4.1 Rarceopi KDe toorav'e xo] 1tE ettolq qs TE'tpttNqvlcKi4noltc rot) Mxooo Za tro[ Awt/oo or4 drpcri'po]pa Ed orp tia:nirtp,t tto'opatpa oe tjloq. xot ouvdgttot lE n nV'oE 10 F VapNj Oaoq avspepotx oE rponToipevn rapdTpaeo, I rl7ldpql qq KdL TstpdFtvtg KipovdnEdtn lr4ot (ovrl(li eeplrorpa6ia drov dvepo5el10ix ro ro Tlo npdrn eopif on6 roug Nastrom-Belrnont 1975Kdr Belmont-Dartt I9?4 awicrorld. A 660Ir 6poE rl oljFrprgoFi oufli6 rrtq Kr4rovotgo ol.dxl.tpt rr cpd'oFs6oqarpoqC'ItE xa! Fdl'lara0l!6 oForvri66oplvs. driFa (a.a.l) napouo,d(erar n xatavoFii iov ,ooiqXov rrrq Zolrxoi ov8Fou(TKZA) otn orparooeqrpq TEtp6prllalq KnFovarlcroD Fo'oD :ro Kor6rIv rdr0irEpn l66o9orpsKarato 6uonrrdgdiprdtn( 7l(. orov o'toio [9ovi(&r 'rrorp6!n rro lrriF(l (4.4.?) dEitvero!o Zp6voq. A\,!tK6q dveFoq) eopa pLoud-rolroq !o Etroro lrlq Knpovdl( o'rtrig(F67tolog nldq. 6 6l,0lo ivl ror oe 6la !d Yeoypoelr(d Ourl'npogopi8g, nou Sivouvro llriFqro ould 6lvo\yi(owor o( qiq: l.:,ro B6pEronjldesipro 'trparnpEitar Fid rEprol'i. ar6 rnv |Eort rov fudov Ndr ueriilov dpdr6ogdrpd pelpr rtv r(orolepn FoodgoLpa TEoypdqrrdv nlat{nv. 6'rou ro nldroE rnq K6fdvor( ouuiE rnipvEr trE t!7KKprEvd. u'rdplouv 5r]o x6l,tpa lEtql[tepg rrFg(5-9 m^ec nepiaoD). !'trdou tr)'drou(,to Cvdcq 550B. aro tt o-.potorauot FEIprqv Kordrprl xor Ff,ooogarpa 1o d,,to 6tK 3s B o_.tvxar6tprl Fo6o9orpa. l6lairpo v6ldedpovlrdpoDdd(Lro T'lov66,6rr ro BopeL6lepo (dno osppouopioD Fivsq Fta It}loro sulFsivErrranpollqqopd Kardrq opX6E to tlrog.rd6lo), 6vciro lltlaro t0)v 300B rord q apl;! Maptiou, tdu6tpovd rrl: FEtrtv KnFavor aohx:iq xardrspngKdr#6Iq d|pdrodgqrPo6. 2. lto N6rrc tproQoipro n TKZA Tivcrar Firroln ortv xat6rEpn p66s9o(po lov !o'ov tsoTpogrKciv rlarliv, Fe flFi I0 n/sec.MEyd ErrrEg trl to! nLdroDq qg xrtfovdrl< o! iq napdttponEar oe ol6xlnprl Toypogrx6vrlat(tv. ndPdtnpEitai qK6Fq,6tr o-.par6s9orps lov p87d.l,ov trFll o"lLq ncprolEq,6r!ou rtrdroErTl(,xiFovon( civaL6nUavtrx6, FET|orrt !o I to rou ouFFsivr '.d !o r6loq Isvouapio!.tu-rKeKplIevd trp6ro ptraro ing Kllpdv6q6 oDlpaivEr rov lavoDitpro alt Fo669arpd rot xct6mv 5ro6i6tar v6t@ rar ?rpo(ru K6ro, 6nrfl ar6 2.5-3Five6. 54

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'2Cr gcf 0o. ?ct 5c 5d 1cf t{f 2c ro. o' |u 20. lc 4tr 50. 60| ?0. oLr 9u

Ilinu (4.{.1)Kotlrvopri rl'irouq (n/scc) lq lrtprilrlvrtq Ki|[vortq rou rou Froouqov(o0 0rv6!ou ro ovog Kdrro 7. ni.(irog !'r

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4.5

H 1".66e Al51ic l(6udr,6n

4.5.1 H tlt66t'

eepqoxpaoiac or4 olpct6apatpa xat oulr xar.irtprt tltoriogarpa ot oDvdprqoql tu ,Jltoc trat ro te@Wapurd .droc. ourri rspdqp'ion' tro ftp&rl popd o"qv rporrxri 6r!oD!o nl&oq tnq si ilcr oprsld }lydl.o 6a oX16(r rouEAvdroLrKoq avCFoue ADrlKoiEon6 !o ivd 610garo dl.l.o. oe ncpouoioon qC t.A.K, ivar Evol,lddo6Fevq q6veg H ouuione arpar6s9drpq Avalol,rKotv '.ar Alrrrdv dv6pov, ,opio)q drn tporrKi q6\n rou rflvon!'lar ll | Kmfuivo npoe ra Kdro).H 6d6o6n al)lii o'!a Fyol'3repo ,rolpaerxd tr].&rl Eopolod(Erar noli otvoltt. :e 6fl oqopri rt qdsrt ttg Krilovotg oulri( ivar tvo6r6, &r aftri EotKil,),L aKov6vFld fero6i rov 20 Kdl 30 Ftv0iv, dv KaLo p6oog6poqq6 qE rpt65ou eivar xovtd 6!oDg 26 priv6. Or |r31a0o?,66 qdotg rqq I !o IeoTpoerx6 Fit(oq 6ev 6lo!v 6leuxov0si ov xar l'ldplol)v svSsigeq ovoFor6Foperlq L1r!spo!5o|"\ Sd6oaqq qg KlFaurnq sn6 qv Kewprxri ApprK1i rov lv5rx6 OKedv6 rpog qv Auorpdl"io. Kdr To ?r}.d!og r6pa !16 :.4.K. ndpouodqfl FTtodl rtpri xo\aa d'ilv roopopi rov 30 mbr tou IdlFprvoi. Ert6g aE6 ro Kipro dur6 |rE1t6ro 56 H xipcvorl

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(t.l.K.)

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pxp6lepo

dlq

600

Ta TapoKrlprdtrKd aurd qq:.4.K. rou o:irrcpo Eivdr Tvoorri oov ffiTx6oFro qorv6pvo,xa06e KaLr nropbri qq. 6v iroDv epFrvED0i rl.ipog. O d{o'!6q rrq rlapo?priqo! alriq ivor vo enall0en6t to:(apol(qploirkd Kdlrors o0v66n iov ZopaKtIprsoxoiv oufliq. trtv aplri dvaqdpovtar ot 6io rnuK6c ro! q t.A.K. rnc epFoxpqsiaq pe opoTevri 6E6oF6!o l(ooole eaisnE vo ppoi pro

1pn6$o,roro[wdr d"rn 6lEevriPrplLoTpaqio.rldrov u'!o],o]lop6 loD ft].&ooE xar rI qdcrlE ltE t.A.K. tov 6lgq6pov oipooQdrprK6vrapdFErpov. qopp6qtoL I lleo6o6 rov 12 mean) dlc poq pnvlaiE !lp6q rrlE FersKlvorJrvorvF6oov Gunning napol1dtpou, 0r!6r. iroL aQflLponvldr ar6 flt tpovooErpd or 6uvrdr66e( KEive !e '!epio6o prxp6tupr ri ion lov 12 plvdv. O Madden 6For( 6rt,lroo trl oeopiltrxri dno\fl Kor o Quiroz to Sldnioroo 6!tv rlpdqrl 6rt F rt tvrxli aDti, rl :AK ro! rlpoK,lnr8L 6IsL xata 40% prKp6rpo ntrdroq ar6 ro t$Fqorvo ge q 6entpr1r:(vrKi, n oroio qopF66etxE xoi 56 do 66oF6vo lnE eppoxpadiaq. Drlo;.o-ri(owar or anolig t0)v F66ov Fnvrdiov lrp(iv Kdee 6touq oTio rl rriort Jrnvlaid trpri ol,6xl,rlprg rnq tpovo61pd( ,)/io Kd Fivd. ]-ld vo 5Loto)prooEi tAK nou nepr6taral oiq onox6E 01J!6g I eqdpp6(rdr gddtLorrKri ovdl,l)orl. Tc drorL;opoia noD npoEKDVavlr rrl (p rpio6o 26 FE0o6oauri, 7la ttv rcdrovopri roD nldto!{ (0C) rtq:.4.K. Fivg) !n6 EpFoxpaoiaqoq orpotoo9drpo Kqr orrlv kat6prl po6oqsrps ota 6!iqo po ,reoTpoprxiirlaln rou BopeioDKlpiog tltloeqrpioD gdivowdr do :rlFqovo t fltv ftpdln retvrxrl,

trril10(a.s.l).
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IoD ttfooD M|orllfptvot Avitoo ortt oTpat;ops.tpa. xat 61qr xar.breprlyea'opatpa os o,t(tpr|ott NE ro 6Voq rat ro tx@lpaptt d rldro C. (5.2.1) goive r r '(dlavo}lri tou ,rlarols qq Elidrdl K$Favqqrou EooD MeoIFFpwon AveFo! (EKMA), s suvripqat Fero [Voe tro :tipa r(drro ro1po9LK6 nldros o-.t o-lpardooarpo olTrvxar6lePl Fo6sgarpd KaL o7.6l(l'npoDroD n}'o\-riq. :ro B6pelo rlpEgdipro rp6!d rlopdllpirql 6fl or Fralilepg rrFdq lou ,rl&oug rou ar6 Boppri npog ro N6ro ovdpou n),iin. EdLK6tpddo :Iirro uuto oufgaivouv Go F7dna7c)rpogrKii rEproleg,o-flq to rl.drog ttq xi'rovorlq7ivrorFEyrdo. Slorpivor(r 5uo onoieg xor H Fo fteprcIi ivdrn ApKlrKriJl6q Karovdiepr orpordogorpa n dllr, rl roidrepn po6deorpd xovrd sflE 600 TsoypdgrK6 B tr)'&og.felrrd otFdvflx6q rrEg lou ,rldtoD6 ndpaqpofwcr o-.nv avlirpn orpar6dqorpa xor Fdcn TEolpagtx0iv nld!6v. Aliqr vd qBtooi 6!1 6 F66oporpd !c)v Foov ol6xr,lpl !n arpar6ogarpo ro)v Fr(polv Tolpoprx6v r).ai6v I rD|ldvo4 Elqavi{Ernol6 }rxpd n}drl. tto N6rro nlrldeaipro ldps ndpnnpeird! ano qE ro i6rc:lirro, 6fl I EKMA raipvL pETa},0tepec iou rl,A.oDE aqv flg rqr6E avdtepn dtpdr6o$drpa lsrv p6ov ?olpdeu.ctv nLffctv. I.uKri o 6ld ra Totpdglrd nLdln 0tt6 rnv Kol&pyt trilpr lnv F6I arpE16oqdrpd eFqaviqovrarFrxpi( rrFi( rou nldtouq qC rnlovqq. H si7Kpronrrtq Karavoprig ftldtolg rtg EKMA Ga 6',.0 lou tFroqdiFa qavepdver rlv douFlrpiadDrdvxor oe rlpoe]nv oCorl,d],]d Kdro)gnpogro rlieoe rov flio-rov trte xntovonE duni(. Ta olprlepddpom, rou dvsgdpe'lxav napq rdvo, oe 6!r sgopd ltv xarovoFri rou rl6roue qq EKMA. dl)pgovonv fprKd lr xivd roD rapoo6id6dv or Nastrom r.o. ro 1975|re 6eSollva :rdFiv q6 rprolri( 900 Auflxd tou Bopciou vlrrdeqrpiou. o tto tXiFo (5.2.2)rripo 6iIvEroLo rp6vog, o-.ov onoio ouFpdivr rrr)v Fftrdoc Nrifloq dvqrog dt otpdt6dqdlpd Kdr 6ilv xardrEpn lr66d'porpd 6no qF6qarpiov. :ro B6pero nFrogaipo ropornpila! 6!r o N6rr% rivEpoE eivar FET6ro! itv apti roD roloKarpro'l arn !6n '(al ovtu8n apxflKri dpar6dqorpo. To iSro ollooiver ror ortv roldprl ped6oqalpo lov rqdlov 'reo,pogrxriv rldr6v. :rrlv ur6lotrn o.rpor6ogdrpdKaL rlv xdr6repTr

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71

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:!o N6!ro nptdqaiprc orN6rrorrivEFor.fivowor F6lro-.ol'fldr!p01qqopd lroa a.o 6!0g 6rn F6n o"rpar6oqorparov lovoudpro, voi drnv xft6lepit [o569a.pa 6up9oivo0vtov Mdio. f6ur<d sn6 to:fiFo ovt6 rpoK'5nier,6r! o Fcnlpprv56 dvpq 4r qv i6l(r npitloD gdon l(or otd 6io nFoQoipld. To oDFrpdoFdrd,noD Surut!6enKov flo ndvo ltu fllv oDpnepqopd dtf HKMA o.ln dpai6ogarpo Kor xar(i(epn !a669orpo eivor o\lFgovd FEeKeivarou rord,nq,av or Nastrorn to or rc.o. 1975, onoiorE6radavlrlv rlsplolri yla rrq 900 urrx&roDBopeioo i6ld

5.{ 5 . 4 .I

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Karal'opri rov TttthoDc'ia) rlg 9tio4c zIq TEIptittrtvI q Ktpaecqg no lt6o! MtoUttqptvot Artttoo or4 orpaTooParta Ear ol,lt' xar.iltpit tlts6opatpa oe oDvtipt,l64 lE to otltoc x6r ro lE@lpaQtxd1 ,ta|oc. OftoE ovop6pertre oe npontoipeln ttopdTpdeo, rl nrldpBn qq Torpdlrnqc Knpovorlg 6^ln p66n Etridrd ZovlKi oeppoKpootd, aro p6qo Etioro ZovrK6 AvelroKaro-.optoo ErtloLoMdupprv6 Avato 6rdrljnoilKe r.c. ro 1975. Aeixerlx, n ouvl6r66a 6!t ttd np6q eopd drt6roDE Nasrrom aDrti rov oitrooearpff6v ndpdprpov,noo avop6p0tKav rlro ?tdvoundptr dtrl drpdr6ogatpa rou Bopiou npl6qarpioD xd! ouTKKpr)rdvo o"ro Fso 6vto povo ltd qv npLoXrioiJlKeKplFevao-.o Foo F6rUPprv6 [6n,rppw6 6vAopovo Ia rnv rprolti 90 Alrrrd rou BopeioutFro$qrpiou. :io t1iFd (5.4.1 ) 'lapouolli(erar I xarovorri roD rldrcuq trr( TKMA oq arpo!669aLps xar olrlv koi6!pn p66oqa1po qe dDv&pttorl |re ro i\yoq xar 10 ro1paqrx6 trl.dloe. Ta ouFrp6o}tarq, rou 6Dvrilo!.lar on6 !o :ziFa dur6 eivdr tq eBriq: :ro B6pronptdgoipro 'lapdrnpeirar, 6fl urdploDv 6io nEpro16(, ,!ou Ipdvi(oov6IFaw'Kd n),dq lrE TKMA. H Fio civar I EEpLoIli ovdFEod arrl l66oparpa rov ApKlrx6v lo7poprK.lv'tlor6v Kor I cr)'lt on6 qv o"lpat6rau6rlFIpr tnv xa!';r!pt rov o_rpatoo9dlpo rponlKov. Fot arpo!6oparpo xar orTlv Kfiojrpn

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73

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'Orav lva W1p6 lErono rpoldp$ vo rlpooopqoaio ivq opFoperorlo,ror 6uloplo"ll\ri p,!o, Ki e qdvu o\aiFeoa sn( 6io aepe po(Eq, liifiar

Ed' o dpdq nioo d,roro UsrorloEivar \'ul])6lpoqa46 rov l!.poo.nv6,ror tl r$no! IEror.rxriliqEo]ll4dror {ro1pli iq6orl. lqv ovriorl \rolpori r!pirroroltlollr0eppon rnnou perofixrln9eot ppri { e eol. rl0 trdtu 6nulo1joYio( omuncio8onc:

IIAPAPTHMA I

tov pcrir6g Eprr:rfloeiq Kego?'aio)v Iupnl"l prrl tou 2ouTerlloug

a0

Eponiceq: nou n otedrl psroh, rou 6sulepoov6FoDtou Nslr.o'}u xEr fltg &j'valrrlq Conols,(0Eoprid.E xivtot oe o esp61srlpdguc6 rtuiroE) OEopoiFE qrri,radpq, xlviror6Edliol IE rrl n anoq &iol npog Evo ,ro! qv avaro),rl ra/. qft u (I qolr-rl audl taX'j'iFo ivor0srlri). !E fu xdnoro?topaqfiai iqo q,to flt lrt ro rlr a rur6 roo opa(l!iftr oc t$'d.rhi rpond Ic raprrFa bR{-u, o,ro! R{ I o,rona6rl rou rurlFaroqouron aro rov 6lova ,rp6rpopiEqg n9 Or6rErl aliiorcrlfi enld)pvol (,ipoqrc x6'rpo toD njr)o!) eo ivari (oR^+u)1Rr=o:RA+2ou+u':lR^. :ifqoru 6lrof rE ro 6aj.,po v6Uorou Nlrovq ro duwo|rgnxo depoqro rov ,rpqlrdt dv 6!!,tiFov (dvd Uovd6apqd{) :F, rou 6pouvndvo rro rlitpa d!r6 ro! qlpa npntl !r Eivor ra!r66!po j.lem FsrE0o6 q 6lai0uvol rrlEEvLqo r/Ittlipvol. xar fu ndpd6tlllcrrlirvo ofllv 'Ipr6.pE96lrEvrl ro qriFo aut6 1ou dlpo m Qaiv8rorvd rapaFla(fl to 6Eupo v6lo roo NEuiovq aeoi I eolvoFznrrl s,nrdluvdrl1ooeivorI6vo u1R^(rpo( rc Kewpo?o! rDr)'ou). flq va tDtooutouF rlapoFiaq autrl 0a npdrE va no(i.roupn{ ea$o|lsvq trlv 6ovdgl{ 0)\ xar 2ou (a\d !ov66q }d(o{ vd xa!$Aivo}rcr npoqro a4o oir6rov xuxt.o).H 6surEpl66trtril 6i!El I Coriolis.H &ivsn audl ftr8Deu!ft1 npogio 6qo1lo 6!fl(rl pori(u>0)w6 ,rpo6 !r6od EvarohKi poi (u<0). ro Tltr ou I o)' F rah, rlS 6taqflotg q! orpoqopFie xar tq( 6ivcpnq dl ye(l}rpaglKo Conols (0EopidrE riqol oE6.rqEpo triroE) 2. Io-'o Fova6Eia Fi4a dpa Kvonpsv'l o svo rr6ruppu6 qq nE rE ur.ouoid npaylqnKd)v EIdi 0a rpna I c.poeoppi rta 6lalnphar0a dDvdgeciv. l.

';'$(oR2a +uRA)=o=,2oRai1* uria=o na $l.tu-'1*^=o $'

ih!!oFFt6av), rotE dl/dr--2o RA Av u=0 (to\,1Ko(

lvo opo,Aavo ro! Kwsizor 6onxd Kmd lulKoE lolFpwo Fera,o'qra V. Nd Drro)o7ldoEl Isto0oM roo qEwof;vo! pdpouq Ev6E EnPAq, nou nrpldr{ia n 3.

To pdpoe.oo Er0riTrl (pdqdEm) roo oporLivoo np audq dp,(iofl ya 6,roug Tlvgn Ennipvol 0opvrFag,g+rl q),rlfiiqe,ntdtDvol papi'nFdg,o I rovuni fl,cvrqm ,tflatpoqrlE ng rar R I altrivorqs 7rie. irlg pdpoq Tivsrar rou O.ov o in$dqc qptioerva xwekor!6! ro earv6usvo BnngG'-{)rR),

"'=*[r.-r'*=uf],

ro o'io! v r ,nniq.a ro! dpo'i,vivo!. np6ongo G)

rlvilal oe awioaq xmeueDvorl mavi(etal lrtrpootli d.o V, Er6riro aepo,rtui"vo azo Irlv,!plorpoqi rrlq mi E?ol rl Qav6FElrlFerapo\ ro! pdpooE .,npdq 0a rorJ I v3l Eivor 5B-B'- B = m 2oV---l ^, \ Avn<deEr6wdgrc m 0,.6qv ,rpd'q 4idoon ed ,rponi\ra: 5B=B/g(2oV-V'!/R) Mr! olpla t!4o l.1vetar aivo oE |rla roopdpui irq&eu p! qv arrcl)oio ,tpqFatD(6v6uldF&)v.N! nprypri't rqv riqoi trt6Tlo xiirloroFup6 6uiorlp erE 4. oenryaio1.,rldroq I xol o.il oovIra, Kovaiorov ,!olo. oruv m)tli ppiot(Eror Toto 6n ! Ioxlrlrlro lIE agpur F4q4 eivBrV. Toft |Ciostqoe aufllv ea adrEitot I a6pavaoqi &jvan Coriolis611.2oV Ig9. l{pa I apraaulrl Fd(a ea rfli ol'laLl n o.e-t xiv'lq clctn/dg lla qv o,!ola: R v2 2rR =2oruo. Enr;yt 0,qo-2lT- ^ ea eivor- -V- = ot T= TOopdwBq6fl or-

zr4ppq q drl'taia 6ivE1 $dpoztpe T=l OrEvI olpu pdqd9pei orov,roLo rorE T=12 hr, &d) orav pp60i e=30'.6! oe T=24h

t plo qn6dro('l 50 km ano ro rir?po !l1a6l(a1aryi6a6 oag 20N Tl paeFi,5o op(6vnd ,!iqe EiWl 0.5 hP/in. No lJnol,ofoI qv xuinta to! 5. Focrpogorori 1(or 9oeuoro$av6poo. H raxwlFa rcu ]|eocrpopl\onqv4ou divcroron6q o"rro.i

1&

50 ld

kgn-ls-2

=80?ms l

l25kgn-3r(?29xt0-5)s-lrtpzool00 l0lm 0op6\'raEofl rl potl rou dpo llJpor aro ro rv'lpo fltg r(oruVi6a; 6tE1 'cirhKl rpo)0i! rorc o paoForq dllruoq upord,rlr qno qv rooppotrioruv po{q dovdtrEov r(l)rtuDvuclq 6rt}'. flls
-v2V = P n , o ' 6 f f +f

-r.25144.75]=43i ms.t =l/zl-2n9+(6.21+8000)= Y=tl2ll x(Rz12 +4PhR') ri a6 Altl1iuelmd)\,ra{ pqeg o!.aq 6qv offxn lidootl na}4efliEtar I rq on
pqal,n prlpi(a Bt''l6-tory.i (av6F0\) r(ardalaol rqc Eyrl\-uxla)!1l(rlq poiq. oqv H |1$p6rEplp(d ovno-ror,(ei oodrrl tuidrl. oq I xdnorcqgeio I op46t.nEpB0pi6d arfodAa$lxi( rirotq a(o erijt!8o fltg r4e odtoosdc Eilul 0.05 hPa,&m. No urol!./iosi qv xlisl r4C |oooapq( 6. enqdwug iov 1000hPaoro EvXoIo ol!io (not.dqrd ro|Jq6po:L25 kgr/rn3) ldP I 500Pa P"=- - = .x-=4!t0 _ p on r.25k!rm-, Io/m

ms:

fdP Az & 0 Z . . - . , u 2 =4 4xl0 r Ol|roq: Pn .p 08x l0_ rl40.8n/]00 kh An Eh An Eoh an

7.

:Eo"ro o'roapdEoXtnopErpo 6d rdvoron6m XxavozEarc A.flnlS, o iivEFos

q,rorrhu!d,or o^mturi(rs r'a looBupEiq Tovia a. No l}Iolsfofte ro rrovo, ?.ou vc ddr.oeEi rl op{"o!!1arortqrs '(ord ,tap1io\aoe.

Ardvildl: fu qv aqroogaprrl duq rOs/n rcp( * = -gv.+v=voe-, snou r=

Ipwo!, Vo= raltirnro iou uvtro!, 61uv F0 r(Bl lF&ivalrl rplffy'ralur4lo. H (or{i ftl'iqrc ed'r.)"o"rogEi ,@giovrs ,orov Fl/o Kord q 6dpKad'ioD Xs$brr" rdvo) et6 qv Atroq I po'0lri6o l6qg iI6 (ouxtg eEpgoxpaoiqg oqv rpor6oporpo rivol EphoD l'C avd 9dolro roo 'forypqprxo! 'rdroDq voI lIsI q'|xri ouvlordroo Fo6Dvqruoo av4oD oro rou d6agoe .ivdr ,!.phoD |r1f6v-YnolodoE m trE6o(ow(6 d.v!oo.rolivoe t0)v 25 E. hPa(t\yoapol4dppo!) Av Vg Ei\&rI opq6lau su!$rd)oo lox t(lrarpoquoi auigoD,rd. I llal ro! flNi [Vg] TDpoar6 &u hrk?.oFlllpo9lrof nrtuoDc0o rcvo,rori q altor]r lvsl=-gf= EeopF6(oEaer axsqn cuni ota ?sO hPa rdr l0oohP! Kar
od,

-i; atpapdwol xarii uch rponi'rttEr tvgh50-lvg}000=

-tzl000ln tlzl250

rver''=-i9r"#= s l lo-4
9.

-287Jdcg-lkg-l

-1.00dc x ln4r---------i= =15.8ms"

Bpic qv Iilronl ral'j/qm E.r6iuorl6 o'b|raroE iI n t$ 6|ai0uvdA 016 qv aK.ivaqq n0 6o!c !u !rope@' va 6'oq|4a a,!6auirlv t{ppovd !r ro v4o q noTx6ourq 6r.!E roDNflhorr rt Ertld'ItJvot(o) l()6o6parq oro r.Jio 9apidFaa Eiltl elt .oyl ro! Ul, anoDr I 0o!6otodlrou dvl o6lrcroE ro riwpo 1"4q 6I)., a(r)-;i= Kl. ono m$ ofllv onq,ivlaqs Trt((FR) r6lE: (rFg=+, Oldv ro odlFoPpioKstar

Ev6 otav au!6 tltarar dV dV dr dv -;;v a=T = d. dr sK-

o{rFry.

E lclirl

o$ri

Vdr/dt

8a Eivar

016r'1 6u9opr'.rt Eisoot Tr4qv taxyqta lou odrtrllloE

Auxopi(owaq ng IEtaBlrtrie ftr o).nxt\rlp6vowq{npori'{'ar Vdv-lR'zdrf.e v2 gR2 - ; = -+c. :qv orlqtvla otl!4 q{ mg r--R ror v=vo, o,rolEI rffumaia vz = a -2sR =Voz

t^2r.R2f.zot2 /vE!ar: i=?+c-c=j-d..ozme

nptnet rt 6nl4ou! V. 1600 Fstdr.o,60I rc s6Fd 1,uIIv Enorpiva oq m, Vo= fuX!6ri r1Vo \,! ptv orari'a'rp6olFo.Eitv e,n}eoDF. .,/zgR, io." vo'-:gn=o xar V'?+ H fljfit oufll tou Vo trs]erar O. ralnrlro 6raeD.f lie . Eiv 6110)<

puporEprl ,nEBootr rqri rol) Voroft V=0 ?lo xqop6lrEvo r DVogH arr6qv rdqliv&dqe Tng nod ea 4prrqdt: Edv rt rr6Dsrl iver 0116 ciltl I rdniqtd 6lqqulilc; ECvI opporpaoiaq6 Trlqq orir6ogapo4irav 50C,0 ior dE,roloq'og K aa6 !4v adgtvu rrtg 1116 l6pl! rou u6pot6voD otortorow rqv tcptqtc ro 0a I 0. auqvtrl;

ror,ias = --&t

U*RJ
Eror rl evEflacqnou ononEiftl avd Foyjfa lla vo 6laqula m F6p1o roD o6psr6vouqrlo 10 nvo; h 0a i!fl " n 2 E66dvowo1 fltv tflaa m'frtv Fe qv ft.

z\'

xqro= f^id'

xrwnri $rpy.,o tou .- -z

tr = ff

ropiou a=j'v'?=lxrl

oa

civm

- n =e.l:x t oE (ri liro rrpl('dsrspo rgldFla qr.iva q-( rri). m

rt EAv orc ivos rov 500lm I oeppoxposio o4SoAalpo{ 3iva12000 K ritv ro1oKl]ioFd Fopiovu6po16vo! eile rou).ril.talov roturtro 5wp!Til;; eo 11 or F6!o aro q prcr Fopur(I]EvipyEl!,q]f,n E iolq aro r4v (orovolrrl ro)v svgr/oatro Ktuiopdrov popiov oE xde qr/xo(prpsvl -!flela) Kat qv xatavop'l rov owrotoilov no)"\iE dLofltnq urpio! oc roopponio4&pliuat rorJrilrov. H l(oravop,t r{q rorrq ldn (l) O(vx)=- 6 aoD popiou o.covd4ovo x lnopi vo 'IopuoloeEi 6rtv Kovol,lronoqFsvrt uopei pe I O(V.dv. =1, onou n o apr0l16(, tropurvorl rov

povd6a 61Ko!.EivBr,rpoqav;ron aqv rcradraq ing boppodas rl KotovoFri mlJ oror o(vx)=((vy)=o(vz) rov raxurFov 0a Eivdldvqdsnrqr'ts 6lEo0rrvote, nd Vx=V)-va Edqg I o a up;ra vo eivordpno o1)vdpqol oaon o(vx)=ocvx) g.lo Vx Kor vr+nr er fp1)v qv i6|a rg1 61a ra p6pta pErdlDTltro dvAFeoa y. r(omvoFri 61!9uvdl Atio q o"lo! (l) ,tpoxn$rofl o ap$!6q 1ov popiov 6nt oaa Vy r !r ral|r'rlri cvdlroo orc Vr tar Vx{d\ xcr cvdFoo, lr(ovo,rorofv d2n= nO(Vx)O(Vy)dvxdvy ttv Vy, (2) Awgopi(owo6,rp6ruoq,!posVx xor s,!noorq ,IpoE rporoTltr I o'(vx) ;;;* | o'(Vy) - -I. o,ro! I-orueEpo ME o).ox).ipodnzpoh'rnrcrofl ;;;li Vy+dyeo

A-o(0, xat1-n',4(r) o(vx) Aexpl'n/2)viJ xo,ocvy)- AexptGU2ivil.o,tou

j',.,,u".1u-;(;-.J"tor[-sqr.r],i*.." MEowuo!&orq6rrnroh
'..2 ) ':* l. H dlrlraio o'.rs rpcq 6rcdddcq yivelar

=a-vz(- e-;'J3/' "-r[#,

*, ." -"*'"ia ei6oq. aprop6;,ov o

6lo9!y'tc (vs)

popnDv(1'*), no! loDv rorrbr!

lqd).Drcpe{ ano qv ton}qlo

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x l\rKiJ aldr)oEi
t . \l/2

0r6oxI

vloft

nc. -

4 16

, _-2

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dx. ro ox.Khiooua &r!'.mr ]u or6?.ouoDs 6pow

I rI r'-2 --2 *ta*. H,,p4 rou x- ppi!x!-!ar - I r)+tjsc 2J,_xo1e )=-tjx*d(xe ehddlowql qv nqllci rox sv6gl$a ouprjms IE q ,|o6uvautl.1i svtnna om

,rv"s v.,rg.J ,... = h. = ,. 1",--*-]'" ",6"" "

H opIg$nq qrri ,lla to Eival 2.#. To tpdrio o)@dqpo)Fa'ioiE eivar 1|2 x xor 2.64expc6.99)=0.001? ro 6ahpo]Jnol,oyiqezul vd onraorod:wcs :.:y/J? I Et@ -]rt. . ^-^--. @6 livElar tJ2J3?3. I dy -00001(Flord4rl Farieoug Furpdrepo rc rpd)ro o),otdr.ip()ta). &6l n6/n e2.26x 0.0013=0.0029

12

B}'l!a ftloiajEtor op46!'rE 0Jl6ro B6pE@ ,1610p ftpr,Fo V rpoq sva

ot6ro os d,loorool S. di4! ofl to pr,iF! 0a arorlivr Kdi S'=oSz/Vrcor vc urotoyioe.eqv Ernd,Gworl Coriolis. A'iiisrl|6q: V=S^ xar S'=ost=S'-oSz/V. d2s' ^..
dl-

Ar6trtl V=ds/dt ror dpE

13.

Blsllra Krqsoerard,a6svd orlpeio,ltou on4a ft.ooraol r qr6 ro B6pao

roii. ^citr rrarclarq cx9pr4na, ravorpoq on Elo t

I er6gtaorl o!6,to! xar dqtrEioD .xt6islqq

f,ig-';',t*t

(S<<r) BpekE r4v r,rlrdXDvdrt Kol

dvlxpivE* q1] pE KEivrl rou ltpo{yo!!.vou Ep('dtmog. To Ilrgq6pto od)plla 6'10opoold,rao rpiyovo ,!o]ve.o6flir6ov 6iva

(r+s')2 = r2 + (or + v)2 t2. Ilcpoki:rowc1 s'oxTxp.tlKit$to 2r nporculncr to s2 /,,- \2 .i2c, " v2 -r; . H 'l1nix,,v6n rorc ] drri2ov{s=;1;; i!r, o sEUGpo; dr' opo; ivarI enrdzuvot Coriols (i6u Feerei\q mD zporl-IoirFloo pomi!4loe).Or d}'l.or 6!0 6por .ivsr I enlol<1.rp6( fttroltwoag aou o;sli(owar ur r4v 't prdpoqi iqq 7qS rI olgtlxri tEnrqra rou 9riF!Io! ror la. YdiptFr Kopwil 1 opoqrtq,c atposgapu{ xar av lur $ noSnpoiltto0aoq; Opoeritt Koflrprl!rl( arl6oQapdq 0Eop6i&ro1Jv4ooi riljog ,Idvo ad to rc oroio 6sv u,lriplar I o+odporpo fu &pd6cq!4. a tru ar!6o9apo. no! ppicrerEt oe l6ou|(fl o6tapatlrll roopporda *opugri q! dvdorortei o-.o 6t$io, tt

qq prncv{0.[0"1-to',ourr nuKv6npd Eivar

npirroq

H*]-

*,

P-Apil.:qv

6tro9 noD EflxpdrEi lgoeepllll coppo:tio, i& dqraoiva !t to v6Fo o n\roE

Dalton, 6er'6ri'ltrrdr !s oprs0ei euo1x6oplo, h)a6ri 6ev u,rugtt,lolpaoF

noc' oro o-a u. oro o:roiort 'rufl6ntrc !o ivncr fllda (p=p.exp[](Tgl)1. pdr6n ox6b1)tusorsveq Fnopei eeoptoEi fl4 vo tono$ 6plo. etrq&vEldqq mq 61jv['ar va ltrdpet 416 aqros9aulx]i p6(o Edv lopla r'tE Fdlaqaulli st o6iqowarvo bll1quroDv fll ro (L.t6lu av{irpo F6pla. Ka06i otr0\ awBoi!l Kavetao TI ono rE xpor)6sr5 pefollhpa nw I al,]'(v6qft lov xpoto4)v avdF64do Fopu 1116 orFodqoPoq tivo!'lor oloevanlo oralrsq. : x&orc ri\ro: 6F!4 or xpolEsEEivat1ooo?jrgxar gdtud.aE|,ar6pro 66 mrE 'rou eJct tnv ?,!prd,hol o,ao ur!6 xdro rlurvmpil va arF6oqaedCFl plt(prit ,noavor4ta cnl('.piryfl olrl r4tur.6xpoioE ll loplq, ,to! ppioxowor0lt6 Erdvo ior. To ivos aut6 plopsi va 0('ptesi oav opoqrl qg aqr6oqapaE.navo 0116 i!,o6 a!r6 ro lopro r-woiwar 3.1u0Epa ralrrl|rd, ro F ,!ou ffi.xrnaav o,15r4v r}:l)ftiu rpotdl oqv xm6rpq tr.protri Kar!,toxdwal 'a s)& Or rpqG, ro! 6uypriqoDv F6pramtld sivarnqpaFoLr.6q oqv PoprrnKrl lrrmxq ri u.pFoliKs ofiAo?a !E qv laxiarrd mtrr H nproFt aDrll ovogd{erar46oqapr Ta $pto F! t p0orrc{ rpo#r Fpaiq 0a 6to4sufouv te Kdensplo/Jt,rdvo ano q!

q,Loq n pc mlltflFE; r;roEq nou 6ivo}1ar qro irl qp6t

Ulj4

ono!

a=omivolnq n; mr r= m66raol roDan 601J 6llgulrle oft ro xt"v,!po mE.H r.lc eT.dtrorTl xpiorFrl rotnrrlra 6rap!?iG l E i l t l , t e p k o lD

t5.

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=1-to 5" l1:oon,l;*o2xt0-3mbs-l

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lgodnluFotr lkg/m', Eror m r!os6 ppol6,Foolq orllv Evrart ,tpqrl sivar3.27x l0{ mms'r. 25. H Br(lc('rlEtdgFLovodopEirqndpor'tpgildl(tre?oovtlrovo 6opw6po) va

aulli|vr puop 20W10-miIL OEop6wortn I d'ihot aoln n ownpooffisisl xdl l rtv trplomqE srDr(Il6q6 1t'v 300100 mbxar &r n |(alax6pugntarrrr{m 6Enl,og I 00 mbtrurprDv, u,rolorin rnv xatco6pun tallf41a oro olin8orcv 300rnb-

Itrfula 3

u+8u

Andrqot: H Ks:laK6poelraxrl'qla o(x,y,P) 63 xdftolo adr6o P ,ipoKiirnerdr.6 r! srE6rdoF(vbdP. I tLA 02 --- ---d -l = =3.33":o-"s-' oFoq 6's,eeailEarxarqro ro dnira 3, w = ;; ?6G E liortg -l = 6)300= o | 0o- (9v)(30omb o0mbF0-3.33r(10-4 s-l:c200mb -6.66x10-2 mbs-l
lI-,?!h txffi.t5ms-' w3p9 -o; -e.ecxto-rmts

26.

E|iv I roliqra 06 evatomadoavdlrsooqio r6vrpo r(ol qv aKriw r 6ivEra! qv V= or,6Eitt' 6n I rcftvotq qe *oqE 6iv.'!ar q"o rn o$oq

"

= r.*r[-drd:4l.o,oD

d=6rs0p4 po--rni'6,r oEo,ctiva Bpfte ro, r".

Edols ?ltvr(El,rplxifiiorlrirv @dcncdl 200m ar!6ro xE'!'Ipo nGoI Eivrd100 oe I KPr, I ftXrrqta 40 mtr xor rl gEppoxpaoia 20"C tqv tGpimool roo tohado I 6i'vqq CoriolisEilrr Flxprl(awl(flv6leq ll q 9vr6'Gwpo xar q &lrrFl r4( 6ueopo{ in nio$), o.noc *=i* oldr-RMTd(hp). Olorfrprbvowoa (dr6 r
r

d)g r.

ft?.uroia fvEror

P = Poe'(p--=*=-

. . 1l - d'(.^z - r')

.l

. ru n{ fldq mu SootKcv6!q 06on r=200 4 q=

O2 i' xcr eercwa{ r=0 trponlara on P=8: 8 KPa. 21 &qau od rl &ivdprt qf 9o0pi6dq rrisoqq o opqovao 6tEu0uvsq

eqpd{erdl dno r1v - VslCot + O; ,Orot, o beir(trteO Savp6v$ o11I paeFi6a la$d!ml o orqoprl 6uqnxrl oplrorpaoia.

veP=vP+VOz;.

4,16 tov oproF6 qq

6uqflKrlf eEpFoKpaoio!

", *=w."(iooon *".+ = poisson) ,=t[!oJ u'ou +-*+

1tulEunc -:vP =- Va(c-T+ O)

28.

eqte 6t1 I eiooot ro! tupFl<ot av6po! proFi va sxQpoo06i olt6 rI

!-

vr, - Vro=;XxVo(O1-O2).

A:16 .,1v o6pootffirr't

Eisoo'I ,lporrrrel

#--l

ut

oloKhp6doule qlt6 qv nidq dr{v EllqavElaPo tripr fllv triol Pr s w/,aio qroq mtc Ol - 02 = RMTII;s
D.

(uvotrstpu(rl ctio{roD

nrv Av 6oooproouFL tluolo oxtol nponracrio (or - oz )

RMiprlnlo-

avlou Av o\'.lxoroanloouperdpo onlfloonl qioool rol) 0pulKoD

RY.l*"o^t)'n1". o noo-n v-.-v-^ = n- t-. , \ _ '

v^. s-z \'-- = rKxV-{Or Or) 5t l

NAPAPTHMA II

M6ol (ovucq np{ Kolr(Ud'm6q qE 6laKulrdvonE opfrorpootoe oiqv ToflKi M66l Arp6ogorpc ouvdprqo4 ro yeroypcqrr6 pe oe nl.dros 6ltoqproeaw{ov rov

101

YrUOI(km)

8q

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ro
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6'666oo '| VoI (km)

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8EF9
v @ c oI g J99

88
'at

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-6d
c!
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b
-i(

:: u6.

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x.E 6

p8
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YUroI (km)
t0:i

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bQ xZ b

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3I

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)

tr

=,,9 :;o
xf6

Y{r0I (km)

yiUOI (krn)

P99e9 Y

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=.9c

s
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ffi----a

xi6i6vFlii YVOI (1(n)

YVOI (km)

R3

39

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t: t-8
I

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l-R o

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fb i lbo :r.i :9

Lbz :69 t ' o i.rl

f .i
|

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=!4 9

fe
|
LA l-

8 . 8I
^X
' F> -gbo

lA
T=

r E6

-fR
(

5Bl
H=9 -rc
Soq i l:

l-3Y | =
ls-X nl A4

rvx t=
f;p
|

9Hi

-l1 6 -

s,g6

*a

oEE
tr1= o iR
'cE X

-,1 H l-Ro

=.8 R

L"e
t*

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R
YrUOt(km)

YIrOI (km)

83sesR

.E
-)

"d

u.5 li
=>

!vt .d49 i 9R
_oo9

t B.?

a
(L

a
5 I

'qA F E'; aqd

J
F

a
c

re

i6i6V

F1

ii

Ylrot (km)

YVoI (km)

Fafl9

gR

A )

Fo -a

U* zI z tro

9EH
.+o:
!4S 9

"o dz

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:5*

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(, !a?
55:

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b
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108

IIAPAPTHMA III

lrpopt).ropL6q

109

tlpoBrliouo< fEnx4 orov 61,a odlro tlepiorpep.or, 16ts *l orpogrholl6_ orp6p0,os O eilur Elr FEtpo fipr@poq,ig fllC F<p6v opiov,ro6orrFov.Erot Ftd dpla}l|i(a, aou ,!.tt6rp9Eral rud.('unt exr o'rpooaqd rcr }rdAr6to grrx6 orpopr),rorr6.
300hlh 300hlh

F r->
r000 hlr
1000hlta

------\e
1000 hPa

qr6rA1oq, Av oro divo Flpogine (r.I. 300hPa)aD|rpe{ r6ft drnv ,.rqd!v$a (1000 hP!) 0a ol)t$ei dtlKl.l('rl g cur6ppouaiqtorl rou osflxoi olpo0aloIot. :qv o!,!io8.l t(pi,Eroq0a oulp6i d./irlodn 1or,eeluort o".poFtuotoi Apo oihol Iou xudoqxou orpoparopn oqv xard'rEpntpon6oeapc .lldopponehar 1l sr]itt@orl rcD tuKtr[}vrxoi orpopfilopon oqv avdrlEprl npoeavd4 Kioe qIEio trtq dtqq e,nedvaaf, tolo ?o! 6a alai qlto ro t{6dv o.rovtonFepw6 'IplolpEqral orpop ,l6F6,o ouoiosroJlalveror ela oe rc lElloro orolq n6looq. tqKxp!.rEvo,o ('lpop*roldq ?tg Tt( oEys.rlpaqlxd tt/itoq 9 ivar rl 1tapdFelpoc Coriolis (2otIq), 6z0! o I tovlar:li tqdqro qE ,plorpogrlg Tnq. tqv r6pi,rro)oq rd)pq nou oeoprlooxp r.lvotg6aoaapa('iv$o),r&e aur6q 0a i(a Erurpdero arpopfu6!6 o oI6sI trE q mq enqdv1! (ottlro< orpoprXrog6g) tuvtoo)g o o"/_dflx6g orpop*lo$of orlapri(siar 1600 .116qv Katl'flnorl fltS poriq.ou dpq ooo rcr om rt|v orl,.{(li rnq 'dntrlrag roD ovalou oe rd@ra op4ovnaqr!6ar6t (sheff). A.,r61,'Jlo otpoprl,rop6 ovold(oulE ro depoldpc rou Iirvou pofuhollo[ Fro al.ttxo d.poplhoB6. 6T
Eo.rniaglE:

L Toro orpo4rvilor rad FiKoSndge(oeirq i auMvag psrdrd)vuv6v) xar trough(6qivo !9oEorv Fr'(pdv!Vdv)- ttot. iors ro alrnx6 arpo90io|r6rou. i Orav o apq! rveilar lr6tr oro trough rivr lu ,rpFrpaqirurt\4x-lxd EDadvov.u{itor ro q(eaK6 aeoFalop6 1o!. tqv dpirrodt roo ridge rl zp6rpoEyt riva ra ivaravdKuKturnni,orme o olsdx6g orpopftop6q a1jtdveral rpos inv oprlll.rn (at6Deuvol.
ll0

2.

poPQt; furi I 6!aq pot Wtui GivErvo toipvrKxpotrKTl

tqv npi'lroot, rou 6evuraplfl 6q'Khol i arcrrq ro! dparla drlll opo6 0o ,r.cpououj( ovrEelqdKwdn, ofts enpp|ipvo.t, onoi o qr6lu"roq "ol) o-.popll'r6F6q rpafl vo 6cnlpsiial (ar6liurorra o+dl.lxoq=a.asspo) Et6' 0a qn6 Fu aihorl pu tuiriodn 10! mwou orpopt{oFoi flp7r'lva avao-.aeFqiar loo o"lsffori olpopftouoli xal alriolpoQa. & !.no06oo!F r6pq ofl pro stplo Fdqa tov 500 hPa twital o (tpoq tov lollppl6), 611-a5i nprom,no! ]4t-r6vsrar mrvog 6e voaocvmo?uxd 6-.po8aql6q. H avallcalirnia 6laaipl6qq rou un6l'!''oo drpoptus|roi 8,rd1r qwig-.oln aunq.ou dlm(ot orpofttuopon(xuKk)vrsi (apr{looq), nouohlei poi. oe PoproEvaroll}fli Tt('r op.)qI optdldqo eo $o6p1trfl oErrprqarl,o,ro! o p mwo orpoplltdlr6qo1)6dvsrar dr!6ppouvo npoxslEirsr lirroorl dlo o./"nx6 (svn'Dxtur^,q t(epn1iloq), ,!o! ofuti sr vtou oE pol rpo( tov olpoftr,rolr6 avqnfliooovlag nj|lalo pc rolFplvo To qorvoFvo aur6 enavo.traFpdvslar rI nJFoloq,rou 'Itpl(Uxkivo1)voMx)'qpTl n. lqqhhpo Flrcq 3. n6q o olpopt'loF6q olsdqlar u. iry ovdi,mh ro! xataryidov dro sEoa 'fEotlpaQll(d ,rfuirll; Ito p6pao q;.llopciro I avnrDda]\aq pori-6eh6otpoql porl ripo dro nprolrt F uythl d!oq-&pd"fr opqflx6 q(tfl(6 olpoplltotro. E E6tt o[og o eflK6g cipop l6}t6 lttg TIe ouuioog lttp9divEr rov qpvrFK6 dI!D(6 orpopri,ldp6ro! a\,'nr1)d6vq, 6fi1 tr!s! xal avoipl tpot!66Qdpa tov Blsov ,rorypret((iv n}'Br6v swdwrip ouvnooq ltlrKfuivg Kcl cvnKDtAlDvq fto! tal lalrrlkiv tqt6v emxoD qr6}ino! dled(owdr F! nprot6q unkiv 6rpopdropo1j,. Orav Fla ,rpron osnxoi aspopd.loloo rl}Eitar n&vo qn6 \'a xar eneclrutr6 or&oqro lloro 6lptouptsitar EvoKupa Ftdhi oEpFrlg \tlYprlq Kor ovullrudoficr Kamqi6o. A(oprl xol p! tlv (,lolroid !d4d{ ro! fid),ro! 0enx6d.pop ld,6. va IEniroD, pla (6q rolopis veoxd^ljwg Fnopi dlproop7Ei

BIBAIOIPAOIA.AJ{AIDOPEE l G.V. Groovcs: Zonrl wid qu$idi.nnirl oscilhtion rt 25{0 ko rltitude,

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It:r

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't15

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T6106 r! Arcnololtd.Orp!.rni,noTpcul6f- E. f,ooropdftq,1996

117