AIR

DISTRIBUTION

j.ilangumaran
 ROOM
A/C SPACE
 ELEMENTS OF AN AIR DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
OVERALL AIR SYSTEM COMPRISES OF
FOLLOWING IN VARYING CONFIGURATIONS
1. COOLING / HEATING COILS.
2. SPRAY / HUMIDIFIER
3. AIR FILTERS ( PRE, FINE, HEPA )
4. SUPPLY / RETURN/ EXHAUST AIR FANS – WHICH PROVIDES
ENERGY TO MOVE THE AIR
5. CASING - HOUSING THE ABOVE COMPONENTS
6. DUCT THROUGH WHICH AIR IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE SPACE
7. SPLITTER & DAMPERS - TO CONTROL / ISOLATION
8. INLET/ OUT LET/EXHAUST AIR TERMINALS
9. HEAT RECOVERY WHEEL
 ELEMENTS OF AN AIR DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

LEAKAGE
FA DAMPER FILTER COILS SA. FAN VCD
SUPPLY AIR DUCT
SAG

FIRE DAMPER
(+) (-)

VCD ( RA )
SPACE

FIRE DAMPER ( RA )

RAG

RELIEF VCD RETURN AIR DUCT

ELEMENTS OF AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ALL AIR SYSTEM

PRE COOLING
FILTER COIL S A FAN
OUT DOOR
AIR

(-)

ZONE - 1 R1
HUMIDIFIER

SINGLE ZONE, CONSTANT AIR VOLUME SYSTEM

 MIXING PRE COOLING
BOX FILTER COIL S A FAN

OA

R1
HUMIDIFIER ZONE - 1
RA
2
3

RELIEF /
EXHAUST
RETURN AIR FAN

ECONOMIZER CYCLE:-
USE OF 100% OUT DOOR AIR WHEN OUT DOOR AIR
DBT IS CLOSE TO SUPPLY AIR TEMP. OR OUT SIDE AIR
ENTHALPY IS LOWER THAN INSIDE.

SHOULD BE USED FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.

 T1

REHEAT COIL
ZONE - 1
COOLING
T2
OUT DOOR COIL SA. FAN
AIR

REHEAT COIL
ZONE - 2

PRE FILTER HUMIDIFIER BY PASS TO

CEILING

BYPASS VAV BOX T3

ZONE - 3
RETURN AIR

SINGLE DUCT - MULTI ZONE TEMPERATURE CONTROL

CONSTANT AIR VOLUME SYSTEM
PRIMARY / SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM
PRE HEAT COOLING
COIL COIL
SA. FAN

PRIMARY OUTSIDE
MAKE UP AIR
OUT DOOR
AIR SECONDARY
COOLING
(+) (-) HUMIDIFIER COIL SUPPLY AIR FAN

(-) (+) HUMIDIFIER

PROCESS
AIR EXHAUST
S S

R
RETURN AIR
 DUCT TRANSVERSE JOINTS
* JOINT SPACING = COIL WIDTH BEADING

TRANSVERSE JOINT

CROSS BREAKING

CROSS BREAKING OR
BEADING ARE EFFECTIVE
H

A *
INT WAYS TO DEAL WITH
JO
1. NATURAL SAG
W 2. FLEXURAL REVERSALS
3. OUT OFF FLATNESS
LONGITUDINAL SEAM
DUCT TRANSVERSE JOINTS

S EA LA N T

D R IV E S LIP
D E TA IL - A
H=25MM

S EA LA N T

S EA LA N T
S TA N D IN G - S SE A M
D ET A IL - B
 DUCT LONGITUDINAL JOINTS
PITTS BURGH LOCK BUTTON BURGH
SNAP LOCK

SEAL THIS
POCKET WITH
SEALING

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR

ALUMINIUM DUCTS

IF SHEETS ARE USED AS COILS, LONGITUDINAL JOINTS

CAN BE LOCATED ON CORNERS.
 AIR HANDLING UNIT
IS AN EQUIPMENT WHERE AIR IS HEATED OR
COOLED, DEHUMIDIFIED OR HUMIDIFIED AND
ADEQUATELY FILTERED FOR
PARTICULATE/GASEOUS CONTAMINATION BEFORE
BEING CIRCULATED TO OCCUPIED SPACES.

HEAT & MASS TRANSFER - BETWEEN AIR & WATER

BETWEEN AIR & REFRI.

ADDITION OF MOISTURE - BY AIR THRO.WATER
SPRAY.

FILTRATION OF AIR.

ENERGY IS ADDED BY A FAN TO OFFSET TERMINAL &
DUCT FRICTION LOSSES.
 COMPONENTS OF A CENTRAL AIR
HANDLING STATION

MIXING BOX

PREFILTER SECTION AND FILTERS.

PRE HEAT COIL SECTION - HOT WATER/ STEAM

COOLING COIL SECTION & COOLING COIL

SPRAY SECTION AND ELIMINATOR SECTION/
WETTED MEDIA PADS.

REHEAT COIL SECTION, HOT WATER / STEAM.

FINE FILTER SECTION

HEPA FILTER SECTION

SUPPLY AIR FAN SECTION

RETURN AIR FAN SECTION

HEAT RECOVERY DEVICES, HRW ( WHEEL )

FACE AND BY PASS DAMPER SECTION.

DEPENDING ON APPLICATION, AHU WILL HAVE

SOME OR ALL IN VARIOUS COMBINATION SO
THAT THE DESIGNED PROCESS IS MET.
DRAW / BLOW THRO’ ARRANGEMENT
COIL COIL
FAN FAN

DRAW THROUGH - UNIFORM AIR BLOW THROUGH - UN UNIFORM

FLOW OVER COIL FACE AIR FLOW OVER COIL FACE

L
COIL
FAN
1. PROVIDE BAFFLE PLATE
WITH 50% PERFORATION
2. BAFFLE AREA SHOULD
BE FOUR TIMES
FAN OUTLET AREA
2/3 x L

BELOW THROUGH CASING LENGTH

IS LONGER THAN DRAW THROUGH
 FAN COIL UNIT

CANNOT MEET HIGH FILTRATION AND CLOSE

TOLERANCES OF TEMPERATURE & RH REQUIREMENT.

HAS ONLY COOLING / HEATING OPTION.

STAND ALONE SYSTEM, MORE REDUNDANCY.

CAN SAPARATE DIFFERENT ZONES, ISOLATION.

INSTALLED CAPACITY IS NORMALLY MORE.

MAINTENANCE IS WITHIN THE OCCOUPIED SPACE.

NOISE LEVEL IS MORE.

ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL IS HIGH AS NON
WORKING UNITS CAN BE SHUT OFF.
 PRE C O O L IN G
F IL T E R C O IL FAN

S IN G L E Z O N E U N IT
• SINGLE ZONE UNITS ARE NORMALLY DRAW THROUGH -
MOST COMMONLY USED FOR APPLICATION WITH
NEARLY CONSTANT AND UNIFORM VARYING LOAD.
AHU CONSTRUCTION

SINGLE SKIN

DOUBLE SKIN

SINGLE TIER

DOUBLE TIER
 SINGLE TIER ARRANGEMENT

FA

(-) (+)

FA

MIXING COOLING HEATING HUMIDIFIER FAN DIFFUSER FINE EMPTY

BOX COIL COIL SECTION FILTER PLENIUM
SECTION
UNIT LENGTH

SINGLE TIER ARRANGEMENT

 TWO TIER ARRANGEMENT
H EP A FIN E S U P P LY A IR
FILT ER FIL TE R P LE N IU M

FR ES H
A IR

M IX IN G B O X C O O LIN G H E A TIN G FA N
W IT H P R E S E C T IO N
FIL TE R
T W O T IE R A R R A N G E M EN T
 RETURN
AIR

HRW

SUPPLY
AIR

PRE FILTER FINE FILTER FAN SECTION

( SUPPLY )
COIL SECTION
( COOLING + HEATING )

FOR APPLICATIONS USING ENTHALPY WHEEL FOR

HEAT RECOVERY - TWO TIER AHU IS A MUST.

HRW : ENTHALPY IS EXCHANGED BETWEEN SUPPLY

AIR & RETURN AIR AND LEADS TO ENERGY SAVING
FIBRE GLASS INSULATION
COMPARISION OF VARIOUS TYPES
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
 DUCT
INSULATION
PIPE INSULATION
INSULATION OVER FALSE CEILING
UNDER DECK INSULATION OF
EXPOSED ROOF
 Duct and Pipe
Insulating System
end