Ass|gnment

1op|c What |s |nduct|ve and deduct|ve reason?

Subm|tted to MamShuma||a Iarooq|
Subm|tted by nussa|n Akbar
Sub[ect Curr|cu|um |nstruct|on Deve|opment
Department Lducat|on

GC Un|vers|ty Ia|sa|abad


What |s |nduct|ve reason?
Induct|ve reason|ng also known as |nduct|on or |nduct|ve |og|c ls a klnd of reasonlng
LhaL consLrucLs or evaluaLes proposlLlons LhaL are absLracLlons of observaLlons lL ls
commonly consLrued as a form of reasonlng LhaL makes generallzaLlons based on
lndlvldual lnsLances
1he followlng ls an example of probablllsLlc reasonlng whlch ls a Lype of weak lnducLlon
1 of humans are rlghLhanded
2 !oe ls a human
1herefore !oe ls probably rlghLhanded
1hls ls an example of lnducLlve reasonlng
1 of humans are rlghLhanded
2 !oe ls a human
1herefore Lhe probablllLy LhaL !oe ls rlghLhanded ls
What |s deduct|ve reason?
Deduct|ve reason|ng also called deduct|ve |og|c ls reasonlng whlch consLrucLs or
evaluaLes deducLlve argumenLs ueducLlve argumenLs are aLLempLs Lo show LhaL a
concluslon necessarlly follows from a seL of premlses or hypoLhesls A deducLlve argumenL
ls valld lf Lhe concluslon does follow necessarlly from Lhe premlses le lf Lhe concluslon
musL be Lrue provlded LhaL Lhe premlses are Lrue A deducLlve argumenL ls sound lf lL ls
valld and lLs premlses are Lrue ueducLlve argumenLs are valld or lnvalld sound or
unsound ueducLlve reasonlng ls a meLhod of galnlng knowledge An example of a
deducLlve argumenL
1 All men are morLal
2 SocraLes ls a man
3 1herefore SocraLes ls morLal
1he flrsL premlse sLaLes LhaL all ob[ecLs classlfled as men have Lhe aLLrlbuLe morLal
1he second premlse sLaLes LhaL SocraLes ls classlfled as a man a member of Lhe seL
men 1he concluslon sLaLes LhaL SocraLes musL be morLal because he lnherlLs Lhls
aLLrlbuLe from hls classlflcaLlon as a man