Spectral Sequences

November 28, 2011

cohomology group H n (X, F)
sheaf F resolution
0 F G 0 G 1 . . . G n . . .
G acyclic H p (X, G q ) H n (X, F)

Simple complex

double complex sequences

long exact sequences
0

/F


/ I0

/ I0

J0


/ I1

/ I1

J1


/ I2

/ I2

J2

..
.

/ G0

..
.

complex

J0

J1

J2

..
.


/ G0
/

G1

/ ...


/ Gn

/ ...


/ I0


/ I 0,0


/ I 1,0

/ ...


/ I n,0

/ ...


/ I1


/ I 0,1


/ I 1,1

/ ...


/ I n,1

/ ...


/ I 2 (X)


/ I 0,2


/ I 1,2

/ ...


/ I n,2

/ ...

..
.

..
.

..
.

exact
G v I injective resolutions
X sheaves X

..
.


/ I 0 (X)

G 1 (X)

/ ...

G n (X)

/ ...


/ I 0,0 (X)


/ I 1,0 (X)

/ ...


/ I n,0 (X)

/ ...


/ I 1 (X)


/ I 0,1 (X)


/ I 1,1 (X)

/ ...


/ I n,1 (X)

/ ...


/ I 2 (X)


/ I 0,2 (X)


/ I 1,2 (X)

/ ...


/ I n,2 (X)

/ ...

F(X)

G 0 (X)

..
.

..
.

..
.

..
.

0 p,q

: I p,q (X) I p+1,q (X)

00 p,q

: I p,q (X) I p,q+1 (X)

( exact) H i (I ,q (X),0 d) = 0 for i > 0 H 0 ((I ,q (X),0 d) =

I q (X) = H 0 (X, I q )
injective resolution H q (X, G p ) = H q (I p, (X),00 d)
simple complex chain
M

n
Isimp
(X) =

I p,q (X)

p+q=n

boundary operator

by

n+1
n
dn : Isimp
(X) Isimp
(X)
X
0 p,q
dn =
d + (1)p 00 dp,q .

(1)

p+q=n

cohomology group simple complex chain cohomology group

3

H (I (X)) ' H (Isimp

(X))

H (X, F) = H (I (X))
: x = (x0,n , . . . , xn,0 ) long exact sequences
0
..
.

...

xn,0

xn1,1

0
..
.

0 ...
x0,n 0

...
...

cocycle 0 dn,0 (xn,0 ) = 0 exact b = (0, . . . , yn1,0 )

n1
Isimp
(X) 0 dn1,0 (yn1,0 = xn,0 x dn1
simp (b)

I (X) , Isimp
(X)

xq 7 (xq , 0, . . . , 0)

H (I (X)) ' H (Isimp

(X))

Vertical Filtration

sheaf F injective resolution of the complex G

0


/ I 0,0


/ I 0,1

G0

...


/ I n,0


/ I n+1,0
/

...

...


/ I n,1


/ I n+1,1
/

...

Gn

..
.

..
.
4

...

G n+1

..
.

...


X I , (X) Isimp
(X) F p (I , (X))
p 1 ()

F p (Isimp
(X)) , Isimp
(X)

H n (F p (Isimp
(X))) H n (Isimp
(X))

F p (H n (Isimp
(X)))

and

F 0 (H n (Isimp
(X))) = H n (Isimp
(X))

(2)

F p (H n (Isimp
(X))) = 0 for p > n

(3)

F p (H n (Isimp
(X))) H n (X, F)

Lemma 1.

F p (H n (Isimp
(X)))/F p+1 (H n (Isimp
(X))) H np (X, G q )

: short exact sequence

0

/ F p+1 (I

simp (X))

/ F p (I

/ F p (I

simp (X))

simp (X))

/ F p+1 (Isimp
(X))

/0

n
F p (Isimp
(X)) =

I s,t

s+t=n ;sp1

H n (F p (Isimp
(X))) =

n
ker dnsimp : F p (Isimp
(X))

/ F p (I n+1 (X))

n1
n1
im dsimp
: F p (Isimp
(X))

/ F p (I n

simp

simp (X))

H n ( F p (Isimp
(X))/F p+1 (Isimp
(X)) ) ' H np (X, G p )

short exact sequence induced long exact sequence

...

/ n (F p+1 (I (X)))
H
simp

/H n (F p (I

simp (X)))

/ np (X, G p )
H

/ n+1 (F p+1 (I (X)))

H
simp

H n (F p (Isimp
(X)))/Im(H n (F p+1 (Isimp
(X))) H np (X, G p )

F p (H n (Isimp
(X)))/F p+1 (H n (Isimp
(X))) ' H n (F p (Isimp
(X)))/H n (F p+1 (Isimp
(X)))

F p (H n (Isimp
(X)))/F p+1 (H n (Isimp
(X))) H np (X, G p )

/...

Spectral sequence

E1p,q = H q (X, G p )

(X))) E1p,q
(X)))/F p+1 (H n (Isimp
. E1 F p (H n (Isimp
p,q
p,q

/B
Z

p,q
Z1p,q Z2p,q . . . Z
p,q
B1p,q B2p,q . . . B

and

Z /B : Z1p,q B1p,q
cocycle coboundary
H q (X, G ) = . . .

/ H q (X, G p )

/ H q (X, G p1 )

/ H q (X, G p1 )

...

Z1p,q B1p,q
p,q
p,q
B1p,q B
Z
Z1p,q E1p,q

/ E p+1,q
dp,q
: E1p,q
1
1
p,q
p,q
H q (X, G p ) xp,q I p,q (X)
Z1p,q : xp,q Z
Z
00 p,q

(X)))
d (xp,q ) = 0 xp,q F p (H n (Isimp

0
..
.

0
..
.

...
..
.

0 xp+q,0
..
.
0
..
...
.

x = 0 0 xp+1,q1
0 xp,q
0
...
0 0
0
...

0
0

dx = 0 xp,q Z1p,q (
) dx = 0
0

dxp,q = 00 dxp+1,q1

C1,

CI

xp+1,q1 0 dxp,q 0 in H q (X, G p+1 ) xp,q

/ H q (X, G p+1 )
dp,q
: H q (X, G p )
1
p,q
0 p,q
xp,q Z1p,q Z
Z1p,q (Notice dp,q
1 = ( d ))

E2p,q = Z1p,q /B1p,q = H p (H q (X, G ))

. E2 F p (H n (Isimp
(X)))/F p+1 (H n (Isimp
(X))) E2p,q

/ E p+2,q1

dp,q
: E2p,q
2

p,q
p,q
cocycle coboundary B2p,q B
Z
Z2p,q
dx = 0

p,q
Z2p,q Z1p,q
Z

, z Z1 , z H (X, G )
x Z

xp,q

xp+1,q1

zp+1,q

zp+2.q1
zp+1,q =0 dp,q xp,q = 00 dp+1,q1 (xp+1,q1 )

p,q
zp+2,q1 0 xp,q Z2p,q (Notice dp,q
xp,q Z
=
2
p+1,q1
(d1
) under C1 condition.) C2

00 dp+2,q2 (zp+2,q1 ) =0 dp+1,q1 (xp+1,q1 ) = zp+2,q1

B1p+2,q1

p,q
Z2p,q
zp+2,q1 0 in H p (H q (X, G )) Z

p,q

B2p,q B1p,q B

yp2,q+1

yp1,q

zp1,q+1

zp.q
00

d(yp2,q+1 ) = 0, 0 d(yp2,q+1 ) = 00 d(xp1,q )

p+1,q1
Notice dp,q
) under C1 condition. d2 (yp2,q+1 ) = xp,q d1 (yp1,q ) =
2 = (d1
xp,q

Lemma 2. E1p,q = H q (X, G p ) dp,q

: H q (X, G p )
1

(Erp,q , dr )

dp,q
: Erp,q
r

/ E p+r,qr+1
r

/ H q (X, G p+1 )

where dp+r,qr+1
 dp,q
r
r = 0

 cohomology
Erp,q =

/ E p+r,qr+1 )
ker(dp,q
: Erp,q
r
r
pr,q+r1
pr,q+r1
/ Erp,q )
Im(dr
: Er

Erp,q F p (H n (Isimp
(X)))/F p+1 (H n (Isimp
(X))) r  0

Erp,q = F p (H n (Isimp
(X)))/F p+1 (H n (Isimp
(X)))

Appendix. Horizontal Filtration

vertical filtration 0 F p (I , (X)) p 1