SCPLMA1lC ulAC8AM Cl 88CnCPCnLuMCnlA

88CnCPCnLuMCnlA










Mlcroorganlsm enLer alveolar spaces by dropleL lnhalaLlon/asplraLlon
lnflammaLlon occurs
8ed hepaLlzaLlon and consolldaLlon of lung parenchyma
LLukCC?1L lnllL18A1lCn
Cray hepaLlzaLlon and deposlLlon of flbrln on pleural surfaces
Alveolar sacs are fllled wlLh exudaLes
1here ls loss of alr spaces and replacemenL wlLh fluld (
consolldaLlon)
88CnCPCnLuMCnlA

8LulSCSlnC lAC1C8S
Low lmmune sysLem (Lhe chlld
ls only 1 year and 2 monLhs old)
ySecondhand smoker yLxposure
Lo mlcroorganlsm
L1lCLCClC ACLn1
ysLrepLococcl ypneumococcl
y8acLerlum Mycoplasma
pneumonlae

CCMLlCA1lCnS
yLmphysema

SlCnS Anu S?M1CMS yCough wlLh greenlsh or yellowlsh mucus ylever y8apld shallow breaLhlng
yShorLness of breaLh yloss of appeLlLe (unable Lo breasLfeed)

(collecLlon of pus and llquld from lnfecLed Llssue)
yleurlsy

(lnflammaLlon of membrane)
yLung abscess

(CollecLlon of pus lnflammaLlon and desLrucLlon of Llssue)
yCancer of Lhe lungs

uLA1P

A1PCP?SlCLCC?
AsplraLlon of oropharyngeal secreLlons ls Lhe mosL common rouLe of lower resplraLory LracL lnfecLlon
Lhus Lhe nasopharynx and oropharynx consLlLuLe Lhe flrsL llne of defense for mosL lnfecLlous agenLs
AnoLher rouLe of lnfecLlon ls Lhrough Lhe lnhalaLlon of mlcroorganlsms LhaL have been released lnLo Lhe
alr when an lnfecLed lndlvldual coughs sneezes or Lalks or from aerosollzed waLer such as LhaL from
conLamlnaLed resplraLory equlpmenL

lnoculaLlon of Lhe resplraLory LracL by lnfecLlous organlsms leads Lo an acuLe lnflammaLory response ln
Lhe hosL LhaL ls Lyplcally 12 weeks ln duraLlon 1hls lnflammaLory response dlffers accordlng Lo Lhe Lype
of lnfecLlous agenL presenL

1he alveoll flll wlLh proLelnaceous fluld whlch Lrlggers a brlsk lnflux of red blood cells and
polymorphonuclear cells (red hepaLlzaLlon) lL wlll be followed by Lhe deposlLlon of flbrln and Lhe
degradaLlon of lnflammaLory cells (gray hepaLlzaLlon)

uurlng resoluLlon lnLraalveolar debrls ls lngesLed and removed by Lhe alveolar macrophages 1hls
consolldaLlon leads Lo decreased alr enLry and dullness Lo percusslon lnflammaLlon ln Lhe small alrways
leads Lo crackles

lnflammaLlon and pulmonary edema resulLlng from Lhese lnfecLlons causes Lhe lungs Lo become sLlff
and less dlsLenslble Lhereby decreaslng Lldal volume 1he paLlenL musL lncrease hls resplraLory raLe Lo
malnLaln adequaLe venLllaLlon

oorly venLllaLed areas of Lhe lung may remaln well perfused resulLlng ln venLllaLlon/perfuslon (v/C)
mlsmaLch and hypoxemla
venLllaLlon ls Lhe amounL of alr ln alveoll erfuslon ls Lhe amounL of alr ln Lhe pulmonary caplllarles
1he raLlo beLween Lhe venLllaLlon and perfuslon ls called v/C raLlo venLllaLlon and perfuslon musL
maLch as closely as posslble normal v/C raLlo ls 43

1achypnea and hypoxla are common