Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nutrition Food Science Anthropology: Biochemistry Food beliefs Molecular Biology Ethnic influences Microbiology Geographic influences Genetics Physiology Histology Psychology Pathology Religion Pharmacology Sociology Medicine Human Nutrition FOOD PRODUCTION COMMUNICATION AND ECONOMICS Education Language Governmental Agencies Private agencies Mass media Income Geopolitical Agriculture Food technology Fisheries Transportation Marketing
SCIENCE OF NUTRITION
Contributing Fields:
Medicine Agriculture Home Economics Behavioral Sciences Economics Dietary Studies Adults Children Infants Adolescence Families Chemistry Biology Physiology Genetics Bacteriology
Food and Crop Production-Distribution Soil Foodstuffs Plants Animals Feeding Experiments Marketing Man Microorganism Guinea Pigs Rats Dogs Farm Animals
WHAT IS NUTRITION ?
NUTRITION IS THE COMBINATION OF PROCESSES BY WHICH THE LIVING ORGANISM RECEIVES AND UTILIZES THE MATERIALS (FOOD) NECESSARY FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF ITS FUNCTION AND FOR THE GROWTH AND RENEWAL OF ITS COMPONENTS ( Turner, 1970)
NUTRITION IS THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF FOOD AND ITS CONSTITUENTS ON THE LIVING ORGANISM (Sir Harold Himsworth, 1968) NUTRITION IS THE RELATIONSHIP OF FOOD TO THE WELL-BEING OF THE HUMAN BODY (Krause&Mahan,1984)
WHY WE EAT ?
WHAT PROMPTS YOU TO EAT, YOUR REPLY MAY BE THAT IT IS HUNGER ANOTHER CUE IS APPETITE, THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DESIRE FOR FOOD WHICH MAY ARISE IN RESPONSE TO THE SIGHT, SMELL, OR THOUGHT OF FOOD EVEN WHEN YOU DONT NEED TO EAT
TEMPTATION (THEY ARE DELICIOUS) PERSONAL PREFERENCE (YOU LIKE THEM) HABIT OR TRADITION (THEY ARE FAMILIAR, YOU ALWAYS EAT THEM) SOCIAL PRESSURE (THEY ARE OFFERED, AND YOU CANT REFUSE) AVAILABILITY (THERE ARE NO OTHERS TO CHOOSE FROM) CONVENIENCE (YOU ARE TOO RUSHED TO PREPARE ANYTHING ELSE) ECONOMY (YOU CAN AFFORD THEM) NUTRITIONAL VALUE (YOUT THINK THEY ARE GOOD
FOR YOU)
NUTRITION INCLUDES:
THE METABOLISM OF FOODS THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FOODS THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR FOOD AT DIFFERENT AGES AND DEVELOPMENTAL LEVELS MEET PHYSIOLOGICAL CAHNGES AND ACTIVITY NEEDS THE CHANGES IN NUTRIENT AND FOOD REQUIREMENTS THAT ACCOMPANY AND PREVENT DISEASE STATES THE ECONOMIC, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE SELECTION AND EATING FOODS
FOODS COMPRISE ALL THE SOLIDS AND LIQUID MATERIAL TAKEN INTO THE DIGESTIVE TRAC THAT ARE UTILIZED TO MAINTAIN AND BUILD BODY TISSUES, REGULATE BODY PROCESSES AND SUPPLY HEAT, THEREBY SUSTAINING LIFE
AN ESSENTIAL NUTIRENT IS ONE THAT MUST BE PROVIDED TO THE BODY BY FOOD THE NUTRIENT THAT MUST BE SUPPLIED IN FOOD ARE ESSENTIAL FOR GROWTH AND NORMAL FUNTIONING OF THE BODY ARE LISTED BELOW:
10
11
THE CONDITION OF THE BODY RESULTING FROM THE UTILIZATION OF THE ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE TO THE BODY IS TERMED THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS (Boerma, 1975)
12
NORMAL ORGAN DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION NORMAL REPRODUCTION, GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE OPTIMUM ACTIVITY AND WORKING EFFICIENCY RESISTANCE TO INFECTION THE ABILITY TO REPAIR BODILY DAMAGE OF INJURY
Overview of nutrition, September 2009 13
14
IN 1999, 7.4 MILLION OF CHILDREN UNDERFIVE YEARS OF AGE (37.5%) WERE MALNOURISHED 1.7 MILLION WERE SEVERELY MALNOURISHED (6.3%) 170.000 SHOWED CLINICAL SIGNS OF MARASMUS AND KWASHIORKOR
15
THE NUMBER OF UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN IS HIGHER IN RURAL THAN IN URBAN AREA AND MORE PREVALENT AMONG MALE THAN FEMALE CHILDREN THE PREVALENCE OF STUNTING IS 40 - 50% AMONG CHILDREN UNDERFIVE YEARS OF AGE
THE PREVALENCE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABY (LBW) WAS 8-16% THE PREVALENCE OF PEM AMONG WOMEN AT REPRODUCTIVE AGE WAS 36.65%, AND 22 % AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN
17
CHILDREN < 5 Y : 40.5 % SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN : 47.2 % 10 - 14 YEAR : 51.5 % 15 - 44 YEAR : 48.9 % 45 - 54 YEAR : 46.5 % 55 - 64 YEAR : 51.5 % > 65 YEAR : 52.9 % PREGNANT WOMEN : 50.9 % LACTATING MOTHERS : 45.1 %
Overview of nutrition, September 2009 18
87 MILLION PEOPLE ARE LIVING IN ENDEMIC AREA 20 MILLION ARE SUFFERING FROM GOITRE 290,000 ARE CRETINS 9,000 NEW CRETINS WERE BORN TOTAL GOITRE RATE WAS 9.8 %
XEROPTHALMIA AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN : 0.4% ACTIVE CORNEAL LESION : 0.05% SERUM VITAMIN A <10 ug/dL : 2.2%
20
RECENT TRENDS
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES DIETARY CHANGES OBESITY DEGENERATIVE DISEASE GLOBALIZATION
21