Vaccines: Several Accidents cause a Revolution

Annotated Bibliography Senior Division Individual Website Carol Lewis

Primary Sources: Jenner, Edward. The Three Original Publications on Vaccination Against Smallpox. The Harvard Classics,(1909-1914), accessed October 12, 2011, http://www.bartleby.com/38/4/1.html. This source was fascinating because it was written by Edward Jenner himself. I included a quote from this source and information as well. Jenner's work was thorough and almost completely accurate. Knox, Alexander. On the Existing State of Our Knowledge of Vaccination and Revaccination, as Preventive of Small-Pox. London Journal of Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 23 (Nov., 1850): 1037-105, accessed October 16, 2011, http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.furman.edu/stable/25493960. I used this source to show the how many scientists viewed Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur as a significant success in medical reform. The information from this site is largely found in quotes. Vaccination and its Developments: Jenner and Pasteur. The British Medical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1847 (May 23, 1896): 1301-1303, accessed October 16, 2011, http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.furman.edu/stable/20236062. I used this source similarly to the source above. The British Medical Journal praised Jenner and Pasteur for their accomplishments. This source helped me to capture the attitude at the time. Secondary sources: "Anthrax: What you need to Know." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/needtoknow.asp (accessed November 14, 2011). This cite provided my information on Anthrax. It was full of interesting facts and was a very reliable source. Gustafson, C.R., G.L. Cooper, B.R. Charlton and A.A. Bickford. Pasteurella multocida Infection Involving Cranial Air Spaces in White Leghorn Chickens. Avian Diseases, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Apr. Jun., 1998), pp. 413-417. Published by: American Association of Avian Pathologists, Inc. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1592496 This article provided me with background information similar to that of the website above. I was able to take facts from this to explain the characteristics of chicken cholera. This article was from Jstor, but was a secondary source because of its publishing date-1998.

"Louis Pasteur Biography." Encyclopedia of World Biography. http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ni-Pe/Pasteur-Louis.html (accessed November 13, 2011) This source helped me find current views of scientists and the general public on Louis Pasteur. It also listed his awards. Although I used very little information from this website, it was useful to

read. "Rabies." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/ (accessed November 14, 2011). This source was similar to the source on Anthrax. I found both sites on the CDC page. I incorporated many several from this website into my website. It was very useful. Stern, Alexandra Minna and Howard Markel. The History of Vaccines and immunization: Familiar Patterns, New Challenges. Health Affairs, Vol. 24, No. 3 (2005): 611-621, accessed October 12, 2011, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/24/3/611.full. This source contained some of the successes of Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur. I used it for the Reaction, Reform, and Conclusion page. Trueman, Chris. Edward Jenner. The History Learning Site. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/edward_jenner.htm. (accessed October 16, 2011.) This website is an excellent source on the work of Edward Jenner. Not only did it contain background information on Jenner, but it also explained his procedures in detail. I used this site mainly for the Edward Jenner page. Trueman, Chris. Louis Pasteur. The History Learning Site. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/louis_pasteur.htm . (accessed October 16, 2011.) Similar to the source above, this source contained a plethora of facts concerning Louis Pasteur. I was able to create a time-line with some information, while explaining the procedures with other information. This source filled by Louis Pasteur page. Pictures: World of Health, http://topworldofhealth.blogspot.com/2011/09/vaccine-and-ebola-virus.html I used this picture for decorative purposes and to remind viewers of current vaccines. Because of its position on the home page, I felt it would connect a viewer to the ideas represented in the project. Israel Matzav, http://israelmatzav.blogspot.com/2011/02/more-dominoes.html This picture was completely for decorative purposes. It illustrated a domino analogy in my thesis paragraph Science Stock Image Library: scientific pictures, http://www.rkm.com.au/imagelibrary/index.html Similarly, this picture was to add color to the website and to show how the knowledge of scientist, studying the viruses today, continues to grow. John Raphael Smith. Edward Jenner. (pastel) Wellcome Library, London. http://images.wellcome.ac.uk/ I used this picture to personalize Edward Jenner with the viewer. Dentons Web, http://staging.dentonscreative.com/wordpress/gloucestershire/cirencester

Like the picture above, this image was intended to show Edward Jenner's personality and home. (Time-line 1-2) Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook This picture was to show an acquaintance and professor of Edward Jenner. It was intended to bring life to the web page. Life as a Human, http://lifeasahuman.com/2011/feature/medical-tales-of-smal-pox-milk-maids-kiltsand-salt/ This painting showed that small pox was part of life and found in everyday paintings. I mainly used it for decorative purposes. Eugene-Ernest Hillemacher. Edward Jenner vaccinating a boy. 1884 (oil painting) Wellcome Library, London. http://images.wellcome.ac.uk This picture was for decoration; however, the fact that the event was painted demonstrates the significance of Jenner's discovery. Portrait of Louis Pasteur [1822-1895], French microbiologist and chemist. Wellcome Library, London. http://images.wellcome.ac.uk/ This picture is similar to the first picture of Edward Jenner. It is to give life to the page dedicated to Louis Pasteur. (Time-line 2-1) Panoramio, http://www.panoramio.com/photo/8290473 Likewise, this picture was to make the life of Louis Pasteur more real. (Time-line 2-1) Ecole Normale Superieure Paris, http://www.ens.fr/spip.php?article5&lang=en This was to show where Pasteur attended school. The foundations for his discoveries were laid there. (Time-line 2-3) Louis Pasteur, http://www.clccharter.org/joseph2/louispasteur.html This image was simply to show Pasteur as a young adult. (Time-line 2-4) Mount Saint Vincent University, http://www.msvu.ca/en/home/programsdepartments/exchangeprograms/opportunities/france.aspx This was were Pasteur worked. This picture was to show more of Pasteur's life. (Time-line 2-5) Kunst fur alle, http://www.kunst-fuer-alle.de/english/art/artist/image/leon-josephflorentin-bonnat/7090/13/71212/louis-pasteur-%281822-95%29-and-his-grand-daughter,-camillevallery-radot-%281880-1927%29-1886/index.htm Similarly to those above, this picture was of Pasteur's personal life. It shows the humanity of Louis Pasteur. Tutor Vista, http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/immune-system/vaccination-andimmunisation.php. This picture was to help explain the procedure written in the paragraph beside it. Visual Photos, http://www.visualphotos.com/image/1x6062958/louis_pasteurs_anthrax_vaccination_experiment This picture was to illustrate the event described next to it.