BY B.

Nagendra Prasad
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Outline of Presentation

Background Methods of VCR Principle of Operation Experimental Setup conclusion

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What is VCR engines?

It is the technology to adjust internal

combustion engine cylinder compression ratio. In a VCR engine high compression ratio is employed for greater efficiency and low load operation. Low compression ratio is employed at full load allowing the turbo charger to work without problem of detonation.
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SAAB Automobile Introduced variable compression to the world at the Geneva motor show in 2000. Fuel consumption is 30 percent lower than conventional engine by achieving variation of compression ratio from 8:1 to 16:1 depending on the load. VCR Engines reduces combustion chamber temperature and increases charge and thermal efficiency.

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Methods to obtainVCR
1. Moving Head 2. Variation of combustion

chamber volume 3. Variable height piston 4. Movement of the crankshaft or crankpins 5. Multilink mechanisms
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1.Moving Head

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2.Variation of combustion chamber volume

The

volume of combustion chamber is changed to obtain the variable compression ratio by moving a small secondary piston which communicates with the chamber.
piston could be maintained at an intermediate position corresponding to the optimum compression ratio for a particular condition.
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The

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3.Variable height piston

Variation on compression height of the

piston offers potentially the most attractive route to the production of VCR engine. But it requires relatively minor changes to the base engine architecture when compared to other options.
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4.Movement of the crankshaft or crankpins

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5.Multilink mechanisms
A popular approach has been to replace the connecting rod with a two piece design in which an upper member connects with the piston while a lower member connects with the crankshaft.
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Principle of VCR with Multilink's

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Low vibration nature of Multilinks

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Experimental Setup
A single cylinder horizontal IC engine, krishi power tiller was modified to run as a variable compression engine. The modifications include 1. Change in crankshaft position of the original IC engine. 2. Addition of extra links to the mechanism. 3. Change in length of connecting rod. 4.Change in the distances between the cylinder and the crankshaft both in length and height.
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The connecting rod is made of three links.

Link 1 connects the piston to the

intermediate link 2, which in turn is fixed. Now the power transmitting link to the crank shaft is link 3, which joins the link 2 to crank shaft.
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Working of VCR engine

When the piston is moving to the bottom dead center the

link 1 pushes the link 2 directly, thus the crank shaft also moving thus producing no dwell at the bottom dead center. when the piston is moving towards the top dead center the link 3 will continue to be in motion but keeping the link 1 in a constant, thus giving a constant injection without stopping the crank shaft. As main link 1 will dwell at the top dead center. The dwell that is required at the top dead center will depend on the positioning and the length of the links.
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Working model of VCR engine

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Conclusions
The newly developed multi link

mechanism enables optimum compression ratio control such as the fuel economy (thermal efficiency) of a engine. With the multilink VCR mechanism, the piston's reciprocal action achieves ideal simple harmonic motion. This enable low vibration property of in-line 4 cylinder engine.
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