19491949-1963

**

2006 3 18

**

yishih@mail2000.com.twyishih@thu.edu.tw
1


1949-1963

1949-1963

1964


1949
1988: 37
1997: 2

2002a: 113-42002b: 11

1960

Woodroofe1966 Payne2005
18

198819941

1994:
204
/
Taria & Kilby, 1969Collier & Messick, 19751990
/
---


1964
1983

1964

1949-1963

Skocopol, 1984

---

2
2

Palmer1969

Martin Heidegger1889-1976 Hans-Georg Gadamer

1900-2002
2001312

text
Miles & Huberman, 1994

Durkheim, 1992

Flexner, 1915Greenwood, 1957

Millseson, 1964

Caplow, 1954Wilensky, 1964

Abbott,
1988

1949 12 8
1948 5 9

1950

1995
199720032004Winckler & Greenhalgh,
1988Roy, 2003Perlmutter1981: 5

1947 195060

 1949

19972001
2002
1950 1960
3

1951 1958
1951-1958 1,411
1,039 73.6%1998:
299-300
1953-1963
95%-75%

1995: 63

1952
3

1948
Foreign Assistance
Act
1948 7 3

1950 6 25
38

6 27 1950
1950 1965
6 30 15
1 GNP 6.4%

1952-1960 8.07%
20%1978: 8
1984: 251988: 1451531990: 85 Roy, 2003: 112

---

1952 1 1 1

19523

----------

19527
---
------
------

1938 4 74

1939
1940 11

1985: 1916
1996: 5

1996: 2
1945 1 8 1

1945 7445 12-13

1965196819751979

1996: 157

1
1975

2005

1.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

2.

3.

4.

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
18 1~6
7~18

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1945 7445 12-13

1950 8 5

19861994

1994: 95-6

2005

1949 4 31

1948: 5

1942-1989

---

1989: 17

1952 7 17 2

---
1951 11
7 3
1971

---

1971: 56

10

1948
1947 6 1948 5
1947 6
1948 5

1948: 8

1957: 31-2

1950-1960

1950

11

1957
1985
1985
1995

5
1977 167
125 75% 23 14%
8 5% 4 2%

1943 7 1
1950 1 20 2000: 31-2
2005

12

 2 1%
5 3%
1981
3
1981 40
23
11 2
1 1 2 46

1977

1981

167
12575%
2314%

198
14071%
2613%

85%
42%

95%
31%
63%
31%
116%

0
21%
53%
0

68

1981 68
19771981

3 4 1977 1981

1952 1 20
1952 1 18 4
1956 9
14
1957 9
15 4
1959 5 30 1959 5 31
2
1977 1981

1981
13

1981: 22-29

1989: 10

1983

14

-----
1952: 131

1950

1951

89
7

1906-1983

1960 The Asia Foundation

2000: 748-9

1901-1977
1919
1942
45 3
2000a: 6991978: 47-8

15

10
5

1944 American Association of

School of Social Work, AASSW
Kendall, 2002: 32-3 1950

11

1951

1914
1992: 819

10

1903-1967

1952
2000b: 767-8

11

1957: 193

1952 11 12 4

---
---

16

195137-8

1951
12

1955 13

/
1950

84 6

14

12

1949 11

2005
1955 1961 1971
2005
13

1950
1950
11

2005

14

1903-1991
1940-1949
1949

1958 2000:
517-81985: 90

17

1952a: 36-7

15

AASSW 1944
Kendall, 2002: 32-3

/
16

15

1954: 30-5

---
------

16

1948 4
1950
1948
1 2 4 1950 2 1 1953 5 8

/
/
1953 5 9

18

1952a36

1950
1951: 25

171952: 2

1954 8 20 1 8

1958

2005
Helen WitmerDittmer
GillinWayne McmillenH. I. ClarkSocial Work Year
Book
---

17

1904-1997

2000: 214-5

19

195420

1954-1956 20

1601

6 8 8 3

1952a1952b
1950
1952
1952
1952b
1952
1957
1951

20

 1949-1963 /

Midgley1981

1944 AASSW
1904
Boston School for Social Workers
1940

1920
18/

18

Leiby (1978: 220)

1920

21

1949 10
19
/1950

1998: 9

2004: 35

1953 Mrs. T.
A. Samson1998:
92002a: 1191956

1998: 92005: 166

1956

2005: 166

19

1964:
58
1952 7
1964 8

22

 1950 20
Dr. Daniel A. PolingMrs. Lillian Dickson

1964

1985: 17-21

2004:
1491996: 49
---
21
1957: 102

1997
1999

2006
1999

Young & Ashton, 1956Woodroofe, 1962

21

20

(Chinese Fund for Children and Families / Taiwan,

CCF/Taiwan)1950
4 1985: 17

21
1999
/

23

1949-1963

1949-1963

1949-1963

24

1920

1964

1952

4 19-21
2000a
699
2000b

767-768
1977

25

1981

1984

1971

2005
http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/11/new11.htm2005/11/28
19901951-1965

2000

748-749
2001

1948

1 3
5-7
1957

1948

1 5 41-44
1985

1987-2092
1989

1983

1996

1984a

1984b

1952

4 11 25-27
1988

1 1
145-158
1999

23 471-480
1954

6 2 30-33
35

26

1995

317-353
1987

2005

109
165-170
2003

1948

1
5 4-21
2000

214-215
1952

1 2
1952

1
7-10
1998

1985

CCF
16-22

1996
1990

5 3 30-44
1994
2002a

2002b

1-42
1952

4 131
1952

4
11-1210
1951

3 1
37-39
2000

517-518
1995

27


2005
http://www.ntpu.edu.tw/intro/01_history.htm2005/03/08
1996

4-10
2001

1971

492
18-27
1997

1998

1952

1 3
1986

1950-1952

2004

1095
1964

67
68-69
2004

1999

88
190-196
1997

4 1-25
1952a

4
1 36-38
1952b

4 4
37-38
1994

1997

1951

3 1
20-2131
2001

2002

28

2004

1988

16831988

1985

21 1 241
88-105
1952a

4 9
32-38
1952b

4
10 28-30
1954

6
8 19-27
1958

1978

327 47-48
1951
3 2 25-27
2006

1950

2 5 14-15
1996

1-3
2001

2000

31-32
1985

1911-1927
1992

1950

2 6
7-9
Clough, R.

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31

1951-1963

GNP

%
%
%

1951

12,252

11,611

1,407

1952
1953

17,162
22,857

12.05
9.32

16,33540.7
21,76933.4

1,91336.0
2,47129.2

1954

25,083

9.57

1955
1956

29,835
34,212

8.09
5.50

23,824 9.3
28,33118.9

2,608 5.5
2,98914.6

1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962

39,881
44,502
51,369
62,143
69,594
76,652

7.28
6.56
7.75
6.47
6.83
7.85

32,37714.3
37,53515.9
41,88011.6
48,13014.9
58,10620.7
65,21412.2
71,80610.1

3,26910.3
3,70412.4
4,004 8.1
4,45411.2
5,20917.0
5,666 8.8
6,056 6.9

1984a
1984b
1983
198754

1953-1963

1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963

126
399
760
519
479
674
625
643
978
1,833
2,125

120
355
626
410
400
570
521
531
733
1,387
1,685

95 %
89 %
82 %
79 %
84 %
85 %
83 %
83 %
75 %
76 %
79 %

200160-63

32

1940-1950

1940 1950 1940 1950 1940 1950

14
20
12
8
1

12
32
7
6
1
2

2
3
34
2
6

1
1
2
4

2
55
42
3

1

1
6
4
12

3
6

2

1
4


3
6
1
4
1

30
74
33
83
2
9

2001: 99

33

The Dual Social Work: A Historical Study of Social

Work Development in Taiwan 1949-1963
This article tries to explore the social work development in Taiwan from 1949
to 1963. Studies through chronicles, literature review, and oral history lead to two
questions: major factors which molded Taiwans social work development since
1949 to 1963, and the unique social work appearance in Taiwan during such period
of time. The findings showed that the KMT authoritarian regime which governed
Taiwan after World War II crumbled the development of civil society, while the
scholars who studied abroad in the US create another series of development on
Taiwans social work practices. Such series of knowledge and practices were seen as
rather dependant to American social work model. The KMT government saw social
work as the social control and social administration that result from the Social
Department in mainland China (1938-1949). Some scholars who studied sociology,
education or social work aboard (mostly in the U.S.) defined social work was
American-style Social Work. These two ideologies of social work made the social
work development in Taiwan 1949-1963 as dual social work. In 1964, the KMT
included some practice of American-style Social Work in social policy to deliver
social service. It stared another stage of social work development in Taiwan.

Key Words: social work development, social work history, Taiwan, state,
social work profession

34