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7--9
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2011

...3
1. ..4
1.1.
4
1.2. .5
1.3. ..9
.....10
2. ...11
2.1. ...11
2.2. -................14
2.3. --.............................17
.....19
3. ..20
3.1. --..20
3.2. -.23
.....25
.26
26


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2.

A (x) , 1,
, 0 .

. ,

A (x) ,

,
A ( x ) [0,1] .

[0, 1], 0
2

. . - .:
, 1976. - 166c.

.
.
(,
x 3 2
)
0.2

A ( x) = exp

( x ) ( x )

( x )

x { x n } A( x) = x 1 , x 2 ,..., x N .
2
N
1

, ,
x1=7, x2=8, x3=9, x4=10, x5=11, x6=12, x7=13,
, 10,
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() () , A ( x) = B ( x)
.

,

M ( A) = A ( xi ) .

,
1.

A (x) > ( ) A (x) ( ),

[0,1].
,
, ,
, "" .
:
1. A B :
AB ( x) = Max [ A( x), B( x )] .

2. A B :
AB ( x) = Min [ A( x), B ( x )] .

3.

A ( x) =1 A ( x) .

4.

CON ( A) :

CON ( x) = [ A ( x)] 2 .

5.

DIL ( A) :

DIL ( x) = [ A ( x)] 0,5 .

6. A * B :
A*B ( x) = A ( x) * B ( x) .

7.

A+
B

A + B ( x ) = min{ 1, A ( x ) +B ( x)} .

8.

A
B

A B ( x) = max{ 0, A ( x) B ( x )} .

9.

A* B

A * B ( x ) = max{ 0, A ( x ) + B ( x ) 1} .

10.
NORM ( x ) =

NORM ( A) :

A ( x)
.
max{ A ( x)}

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().
3.
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N i 1 1 2 2 ... xN
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x1, x2,, xN N- x,
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A ( xi ) B ( y ) .

xi .
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( ),
.

:
A ( x) = min ( A ( xi )) - ;
i =1,..., N

A ( x) = A ( xi ) - .
i =1

. , 1
1 2 2 ... xN AN, ,

AB ( x, y ) .


:
3

. / . .. . - .:
, 2002. -344 .

AB ( x) = min{ A ( x), B ( x)}

10

A B ( x) = A ( x) B ( x) } - .

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1
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A ( x) =
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d

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.

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t
1 c x c +
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t
.
s ( z x) c + 2 x z

t
s ( z y ) y x c
2

t = 0
.

4 -

.
( y ) = AB ( y )


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1. :

( y ) y
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( y )
i

yc

2. :
M

( y ) y
=
( y )
ci

yc

ci

, yci - i- , a ( yci ) -

ci

, .

14

3. :
m

yM =

, m - , ( yci )

. ( y )
ymax, yM=ymax. ( y )
yl yp, yM=0.5(yl - yp).


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http://www.intuit.ru

17

2.3. --

-- (TSK).
, .
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. TSK
1 1 2 2 xN N, y=f(x1, x2, , xN).
TSK x ,
y=f(x), f(x)= f(x1, x2, , xN). ,
, , -.

, -
. -
N

: y = f ( x) = po + pi xi , p0, 1, , pN
i =1

- , ().
TSK , f(x)
, y=f(x)=p0.
TSK () ,
.

wi, y =

w y
i =1
M

wj
j =1

y=
i =1

wi
j =1

i =1

wi

=1

w
j =1

y=
i =1

wi

y i = wi' y i

w
j =1

i =1

y i = wi' y i

i =1

wi :

. i-o ( i = 1, 2, , M)

18
N

TSK :

y i = pi 0 + pij w j ,
j =1

TSK :

y=
i =1

wi

( pi 0 + pij w j )

w
j =1

j =1

xj j=1, 2,
..., N.
wi .

,

. -
,
,
, -.
7 --
1 x2
( -).

. A (x)
( Min)

19

{A ( x1 ), A ( x 2 )} .

w1 w2,
TSK, : w1 = A(1) ( x) w2 = A( 2) ( x) .

TSK, .
, ()
TSK
y=

w1 y1 + w2 y 2
w1
w2
=
y1 +
y 2 , y1=p10+p11x1+p12x2, y2=p20+p21x1+p22x2.
w1 + w1
w1 + w1
w1 + w1

- , ,

5.


.
.

. / . .. . - .:
, 2002. -344 .

20

3.
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--
xi (i=1, 2, ..., N)


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.

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3.1. --
TSK
N

if ( x1 is A )and ( x 2 is A )and....and ( x N is A ), then y1 = p10 + p1 j x j


(1)
1

(1)
2

(1)
N

........................................................................................

j =1

if ( x1 is A1( M ) )and ( x 2 is A2( M ) )and....and ( x N is AN( M ) ), then y M = p M 0 + p Mj x j


j =1

if (xi is Ai) ,

21

i :

A ( xi ) =

x i
1 + i
i

2 bi

, A ( xi ) Ai.

N
1
A( k ) ( x ) =

(k )
j =1

1 + x i i
(
k
)
i

2b ( k )i

k-

y ( x) =

1
N

w
k =1

w
k =1

y k ( x)

, y k ( x) = p k 0 + p kj x j .
j =1

wk

y ( x) =

w
k =1

A ( x) .
(k )

k =1

y k ( x)

8. .
1.

xi (i = 1, 2, , N), k-

(k )

( xi )

i( k ) , ci( k ) , bi( k ) , .
2.

i,

wk = A

(k )

( x) x ( .

22

3.

TSK,

y k ( x) = p k 0 + p kj x j .
j =1

k() wk,
. ,
pkj k= 1, 2, , j = 1, 2, , N,
TSK.
4. -,
yk(x),
M

w
k =1

5.

. .

, .

()

y ( x) = f ( x) =

f1
.
f2

23

8 - --
TSK (
), .
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pkj TSK.
,
,

()

i (i=1, 2, ..., N).


N N+1
pj(k) TSK.
M(N+l) . ,
(, s, b), .
, i

24

, 3MN
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.


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3NM1/N.
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, () -
( ) ( ),
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. (
i( k ) , ci( k ) , bi( k ) ), - v1, v2, , vM,

k k- .

25

y ( x) =

1
M

k =1

j =1

(k )
A

j =1

( x j )

k =1

(k )
A

( x j )
.

9 - -
- --
. , ( )
, if ... ,
-, TSK.
then. TSK
. -
(vk=ck),
, .

26

, -
TSK.
(TSK -)
(, d), ,
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E =

1
( y ( x ( l ) d ( l ) ) 2 ) ,

2 i =1

(, d), ,
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1. .
. - .: , 1976. - 166c.
2. . / .
.. . - .: , 2002. -344 .
3. .., .. .
. - .: -, 2002. -382 .

28

4. http://www.intuit.ru
5. http://ru.wikipedia.org
6. http://www.basegroup.ru/library/analysis/fuzzylogic
7. http://www.marshal-group.com
8. http://hexlet.ru/blog/fuzzy/21.html
9. http://rk6.bmstu.ru/electronic_book/iisapr/NN/Intro.html

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