Ionic equilibria and Ksp

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Acid HF HNO2 CH3COOH HOCl HOBr HOCN HCN H2SO4 H2CO3 K Ka = 7.2 10-4 Ka = 4.5 10-4 Ka = 1.8 10-5 Ka = 3.5 10-8 Ka = 2.5 10 -9 Ka = 3.5 10-4 Ka = 4.0 10-10 Ka1 = very large Ka2 = 1.2 10-2 Ka1 = 4.2 10-7 Ka2 = 4.8 10-11 Substance or Species NH3 (CH3)3N [Co(OH2)6]2+ [Fe(OH2)6]2+ [Fe(OH2)6]3+ [Be(OH2)4]2+ [Cu(OH2)4]2+ HBO2 (COOH)2 CH3NH2 Kb = 1.8 Kb = 7.4 Ka = 5.0 Ka = 3.0 Ka = 4.0 Ka = 1.0 Ka = 1.0 Ka = 6.0 Ka1 = 5.9 Ka2 = 6.4 K b = 5.0 K 10-5 10-5 10-10 10-10 10-3 10-5 10-8 10-10 10-2 10-5 10-4

***************************************************************************** ____ 1. Of the following, which acids are weak acids? I. II. III. IV. V. VI. HBr HF HNO3 HNO2 H2CO3 H3AsO4

____

2.

____

3.

____

4.

____

5.

____

6.

a. I, II, and III b. II, IV, V, and VI c. I, II, and V d. IV, V, and VI e. another combination Which one of the following salts is soluble in water? a. AgCl b. NaClO3 c. BaSO4 d. FeS e. CaCO3 Which one of the following salts is insoluble in water? a. CrCl3 b. AgF c. PbSO4 d. Mn(NO3)2 e. Cu(ClO4)2 In a sample of pure water, only one of the following statements is always true at all conditions of temperature and pressure. Which one is always true? a. [H3O+] = 1.0 10-7 M b. [OH-] = 1.0 10-7 M c. pH = 7.0 d. pOH = 7.0 e. [H3O+] = [OH-] Which of the following relationships in incorrect? Assume 25C. a. pH + pOH = 14.00 b. [OH-] = 10pOH c. pKW = -log KW d. [OH-] [H3O+] = 1.0 10-14 e. pH = -log [H3O+] Calculate the concentrations of H3O+ and OH- ions in a 0.050 M Ba(OH)2 solution. a. [H3O+] = 0.050 M, [OH-] = 0.050 M b. [H3O+] = 1.0 10-7 M, [OH-] = 0.10 M c. [H3O+] = 2.0 10-13 M, [OH-] = 0.050 M

____

7.

____

8.

____

9.

____ 10.

____ 11.

____ 12.

____ 13.

____ 14.

____ 15.

____ 16.

d. [H3O+] = 1.0 10-13 M, [OH-] = 0.10 M e. [H3O+] = 0.10 M, [OH-] = 1.0 10-13 M At 60C, Kw = 9.6 10-14. What are the concentrations of the H3O+ and OH- ions in pure water that is neutral at 60C? a. [H3O+] = [OH-] = 4.8 10-14 b. [H3O+] = [OH-] = 4.8 10-7 c. [H3O+] = [OH-] = 3.1 10-7 d. [H3O+] = [OH-] = 1.0 10-7 e. [H3O+] = 1.0 10-7, [OH-] = 9.6 10-7 Calculate the pH of a solution in which [OH-] = 2.50 10-4 M. a. 0.40 b. 3.60 c. -3.60 d. 10.40 e. 13.60 What is the pOH of a solution in which [H3O+] = 3.60 10-10 M? a. 8.56 b. 5.44 c. 9.44 d. 4.56 e. 4.32 What is the concentration of H3O+ ions in a solution in which pH = 4.32? a. 4.8 10-5 M b. 6.2 10-4 M c. 5.1 10-4 M d. 8.6 10-5 M e. 3.5 10-4 M What is the pH of a 0.400 M HNO3 solution? a. 0.40 b. 2.05 c. 0.60 d. 4.12 e. 1.67 Calculate the pH in a 0.025 M Ca(OH)2 solution. a. 12.70 b. 12.40 c. 1.30 d. 1.60 e. No way to calculate without Kb What is the pH of 400. mL of solution containing 0.0112 gram of HNO3? a. 4.15 b. 3.35 c. 10.65 d. 3.75 e. 2.95 The pH of a solution of Ba(OH)2 is 9.40. What is the molarity of this solution of base? a. 1.3 10-5 M b. 1.8 10-5 M c. 6.0 10-4 M d. 8.3 10-4 M e. 2.5 10-5 M In a solution containing only a weak monoprotic acid HA, [H3O+] is ____ [A-]; if the solution is not very dilute, the concentration of nonionized HA is approximately equal to the ____ of the solution. a. greater than, molarity b. less than, molarity c. equal to, pH d. equal to, molarity e. less than, pH Calculate the pKa for a weak acid, HA, that is 2.3% ionized in 0.080 M solution? a. 4.37 b. 4.71 c. 1.66 d. 2.33 e. 3.09

____ 17. The pH of a 0.10 M solution of a monoprotic acid is 2.85. What is the value of the ionization constant of the acid? a. 6.3 10-5 b. 3.8 10-6 c. 2.0 10-5 d. 4.0 10-8 e. 7.2 10-6 ____ 18. Calculate the value of [H3O+] in a 0.010 M HOBr solution. Ka = 2.5 10-9 a. 5.0 10-6 M b. 5.0 10-5 M c. 2.5 10-7 M d. 2.5 10-11 M e. 5.0 10-7 M ____ 19. The [OH-] = 1.3 10-6 M for a 0.025 M solution of a weak base. Calculate the value of Kb for this weak base. a. 5.2 10-5 b. 3.1 10-7 c. 7.7 10-9 d. 4.0 10-8 e. 6.8 10-11 ____ 20. Calculate the value of [H3O+] in a 0.25 M solution of aqueous ammonia. Kb = 1.8 10-5 a. 2.1 10-3 M b. 4.7 10-12 M c. 2.3 10-9 M d. 4.3 10-10 M e. 2.4 10-11 M ____ 21. What is the percent ionization for a 1.0 10-3 M solution of pyridine? Kb = 1.5 10-9 a. 0.12% b. 1.6% c. 2.8% d. 0.045% e. 0.67% ____ 22. Calculate the pH of a 0.10 M solution of a hypothetical triprotic acid H3A, with Ka1 = 6.0 10-3, Ka2 = 2.0 10-8, and Ka3 = 1.0 10-14. a. 1.48 b. 1.61 c. 1.66 d. 1.84 e. 2.06 ____ 23. Which of the following has the strongest conjugate base? a. HNO3 b. HF c. HCN d. HCl e. H2SO4 ____ 24. Which one of the following salts produces neutral solutions when it is dissolved in water? a. NH4F b. LiOCl c. BaBr2 d. CaSO3 e. (NH4)2SO4 ____ 25. Which one of the following salts does not give a neutral solution when it is dissolved in water? a. KNO3 b. BaCl2 c. Ca(ClO3)2 d. NH4OH e. NaBr ____ 26. Which one of the following salts produces basic solutions when it is dissolved in water? a. NaNO3 b. NH4OCl c. NH4Br d. NH4I e. KCl ____ 27. Which of the following acid/ base pairs produce basic salts when they react?

____ 28.

____ 29.

____ 30.

____ 31.

____ 32.

____ 33.

____ 34.

____ 35.

____ 36.

____ 37.

a. HCN/ Ca(OH)2 b. H2SO4/ LiOH c. HCl/ NaOH d. Both (a) and (b). e. None of these choices. A 0.10 M solution of which of the following salts is most basic? a. NaF b. NaNO2 c. NaCH3COO d. NaOCl e. NaCN Calculate the pH of 0.14 M NaF solution. a. 8.09 b. 8.12 c. 8.14 d. 8.18 e. 8.21 Calculate the pH of 0.050 M Ba(CN)2 solution. Ba(CN)2 is a soluble ionic compound. a. 2.80 b. 2.96 c. 11.04 d. 11.20 e. 12.40 Calculate the [OH-] in 0.050 M potassium fluoride, KF. a. 4.7 10-7 M b. 6.2 10-7 M c. 8.3 10-7 M d. 1.4 10-6 M e. 2.2 10-6 M Calculate the [OH-] in 0.20 M NaNO2. a. 4.8 10-9 M b. 1.4 10-8 M c. 1.2 10-7 M d. 6.5 10-7 M e. 2.1 10-6 M What is the [OH-] in 0.20 M sodium cyanate, NaOCN, solution? a. 3.7 10-7 M b. 4.6 10-7 M c. 5.5 10-7 M d. 2.4 10-6 M e. 8.7 10-7 M Which one of the following salts does not produce an acidic aqueous solution? a. NH4Cl b. NH4NO3 c. NH4Br d. NH4I e. NaNO3 Calculate the hydrolysis constant for the ammonium ion, NH4+. a. 2.5 10-5 b. 1.0 10-7 c. 4.0 10-10 d. 5.6 10-10 e. 5.5 10-4 The value of Kb for methylamine, (CH3)2NH, is 7.4 10-4. What is the pH of a solution containing 0.32 M dimethyl ammonium ion, (CH3)2NH2+? a. 5.68 b. 6.58 c. 8.32 d. 5.43 e. 4.34 Which of the following salts are incorrectly matched with its description? a. NH4CH3COO - neutral b. NaOBr - basic c. NH4OCl - basic d. NH4NO3 - acidic

e. NH4CN - acidic ____ 38. If 1.0 mole of ammonium nitrite, NH4NO2, was dissolved in 1.0 liter of water, the pH of the solution would be ____. For NH3: Kb = 1.8 10-5 For HNO2: Ka = 4.5 10-4

____ 39.

____ 40.

____ 41.

____ 42.

____ 43.

a. greater than 7 b. impossible to predict c. equal to 7 d. less than 7 e. close to 14 What is the pH of 0.30 M FeCl2 solution? The hydrated ferrous ion is [Fe(OH2)6]2+. For [Fe(OH2)6]2+, Ka = 3.0 10-10 a. 5.02 b. 4.41 c. 3.76 d. 3.22 e. 2.86 Calculate the pH of a 0.10 M solution of BeCl2 in water. The hydrated beryllium ion is [Be(OH2)4]2+. For [Be(OH2)4]2+, Ka = 1.0 10-5 a. 5.50 b. 3.00 c. 1.57 d. 3.74 e. 1.89 Calculate the pH of 0.050 M Fe(NO3)3 solution. The hydrated Fe3+ ion is [Fe(OH2)6]3+. For [Fe(OH2)6]3+, Ka = 4.0 10-3 a. 1.76 b. 1.85 c. 1.90 d. 2.02 e. 2.26 What is the hydronium ion concentration, [H3O+], of a 0.0050 M solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH? a. 0 M b. 5.0 10-3 M c. 1.0 10-7 M d. 2.0 10-12 M Which of the following solubility product expressions is incorrect? Compound Ksp Expression

a. gold(III) chloride [Au3+][Cl-]3 b. calcium fluoride [Ca2+][F-]2 c. lead(II) iodide [Pb2+][I-]2 d. zinc phosphate [Zn2+][PO43-] e. silver chromate [Ag+]2[CrO42-] ____ 44. Which of the following solubility product expressions is correct? a. = [Ag+][PO43-]3 b. c. d. e. = [Hg22+][Cl-]2 = [Ba2+][F22-] = [Sb2+]2[S3-]3 = [Mn2+][C4+][O2-]3

____ 45. If X = the molar solubility (mol/L) of Ca3(PO4)2, which of the following represents the correct relationship between the Ksp and X, the molar solubility of Ca3(PO4)2? a. Ksp = X2 b. Ksp = 27 X5 c. Ksp = 4 X2 d. Ksp = 108 X5 e. Ksp = 16 X3 ____ 46. At 25C, 1.4 10-5 mole of Cd(OH)2 dissolves to give 1.0 liter of saturated aqueous solution. What is the solubility product for Cd(OH)2? a. 1.7 10-5 b. 2.9 10-10

____ 47.

____ 48.

____ 49.

____ 50.

____ 51.

____ 52.

____ 53.

____ 54.

____ 55.

c. 1.1 10-14 d. 5.8 10-15 e. 4.1 10-12 Which of the following has the lowest molar solubility in water at 25C? a. Ni(CN)2, Ksp = 3.0 10-23 b. ZnS, Ksp = 1.1 10-21 c. PbS, Ksp = 8.4 10-28 d. Co3(AsO4)2, Ksp = 7.6 10-29 e. CaF2, Ksp = 3.9 10-16 The value of Ksp for SrSO4 is 2.8 10-7. What is the molar solubility of SrSO4? a. 7.6 10-7 M b. 5.8 10-13 M c. 5.3 10-4 M d. 5.7 10-3 M e. 1.3 10-8 M What mass of CaF2 is contained in 1.0 liter of saturated solution? Ksp = 3.9 10-11. a. 0.0010 g b. 0.0028 g c. 0.0034 g d. 0.010 g e. 0.017 g How many grams of AgCl will dissolve in 1.0 L of 0.25 M CaCl2? Ksp (AgCl) = 1.8 10-10 a. 3.6 10-10 b. 1.0 10-7 c. 5.1 10-8 d. 1.3 10-8 e. 7.2 10-10 The Ksp for Zn3(AsO4)2 is 1.1 10-27. When 100 mL of 5.5 10-4 M Zn2+ is mixed with 50 mL of 1.2 10-4 M AsO43-, which of the following statements is true? a. A precipitate forms, because Qsp > Ksp. b. A precipitate forms, because Qsp < Ksp. c. No precipitate forms, because Qsp > Ksp. d. No precipitate forms, because Qsp < Ksp. e. None of the preceding statements is true. A solution is 0.012 M in Pb(NO3)2 and 0.20 M in Sr(NO3)2. Solid Na2SO4 is added until a precipitate just begins to form. The precipitate is ____ and the concentration of sulfate ion at this point is ____. Ksp for PbSO4 is 1.8 10-8 and for SrSO4 is 2.8 10-7. a. SrSO4; 2.6 10-7 M b. SrSO4; 8.3 10-7 M c. PbSO4; 6.3 10-6 M d. PbSO4; 1.5 10-6 M e. SrSO4; 1.4 10-6 M Solid Na2SO4 is added to a solution that is 0.30 M in both Sr2+ and Pb2+. Assuming no volume change, what will be the [Pb2+] at the point at which SrSO4 just begins to precipitate at 25C? Ksp for SrSO4 = 2.8 10-7 and for PbSO4 = 1.8 10-8. a. 0.24 M b. 0.16 M c. 0.30 M d. 0.019 M e. 0.040 M The solubility product for barium chromate, BaCrO4, is 2.0 10-10 and the solubility product for lead chromate, PbCrO4, is 1.8 10-14. If solid Na2CrO4 is added slowly to a solution which is 0.010 M in Ba(NO3)2 and 0.010 M in Pb(NO3)2, what will the concentration of Pb2+ be just before BaCrO4 begins to precipitate? Assume no volume change due to the addition of solid Na2CrO4. a. 4.0 10-7 M b. 2.0 10-8 M c. 1.8 10-14 M d. 9.0 10-7 M e. 1.4 10-5 M Solid lead nitrate is added slowly to a solution that is 0.010 M in sodium sulfate and 0.010 M in sodium chromate at 25C. What percent of the chromate ions remain in solution, i.e., unprecipitated, just before lead sulfate begins to precipitate? Ksp for PbSO4 = 1.8 10-8, Ksp for PbCrO4 = 1.8 10-14 a. 0.18%

____ 56.

____ 57.

____ 58.

____ 59.

____ 60.

b. 0.018% c. 0.0018% d. 0.00010% e. 0.00018% A solution is 1.0 10-4 M in sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, and 1.0 10-4 M in sodium selenate, Na2SeO4. Solid barium chloride, BaCl2, is added slowly and one of the two salts, BaSO4 or BaSeO4, begins to precipitate. What percentage of the anion that precipitates first has precipitated at the point at which the second anion begins to precipitate? Ksp for BaSO4 is 1.1 10-10 and for BaSeO4 is 2.8 10-11. a. 10% b. 25% c. 90% d. 75% e. 50% If a solution is 0.10 M in magnesium nitrate and then is also made 0.10 M in aqueous ammonia, what possible precipitate could form? a. Mg(NO3)2 b. NH4NO3 c. Mg(OH)2 d. NH4OH e. No possible precipitate What concentration of aqueous NH3 is necessary to just start precipitation of Mn(OH)2 from a 0.020 M solution MnSO4? Kb for NH3 is 1.8 10-5 and Ksp for Mn(OH) 2 is 4.6 10-14. a. 1.4 10-5 M b. 3.7 10-7 M c. 1.6 10-6 M d. 1.3 10-7 M e. 8.4 10-2 M If 1.0 liter of solution is to be made 0.010 M in Mg(NO3)2 and 0.10 M in aqueous ammonia, how many moles of NH4Cl are necessary to prevent the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide? The solubility product for Mg(OH)2 is 1.5 10-11, and the ionization constant for aqueous ammonia is 1.8 10-5. a. 0.018 mol b. 0.016 mol c. 0.020 mol d. 0.040 mol e. 0.046 mol The solubility of manganese(II) carbonate, MnCO3, was measured to be 2.0 10-7 M. Calculate its Ksp. a. 4.0 10-7 b. 2.0 10-14 c. 4.0 10-14 d. 2.0 10-7