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HN TIG
1. Nguyn l.
Hn TIG ( Tungsten Inert gas) cn c tn gi khc l hn h quang bng in cc khng nng chy (tungsten) trong mi trng kh bo v - GTAW ( Gas Tungsten Arc Welding ) thng c gi vi tn hn Argon hoc WIG ( Wonfram Inert Gas).
Hnh 1 : S nguyn l hn TIG H quang chy gia in cc tungsten khng nng chy v chi tit hn c bo v bi dng kh thi qua m phun, s cung cp nhit lm nng chy mp chi tit, sau c hoc khng dng que p to nn mi hn. Kim loi p (que hn c ng knh 0,8 mm n 4,0 mm) c b sung vo vng chy bng tay hoc nh thit b t ng khi dng dy cun (cun dy c ng knh t 0,8 mm n 2,0 mm) . Vng chy c bo v bng dng kh tr (lu lng 5 n 25 lit/pht) Argon hoc Argon + Hlium, khi hn t ng c th dng Argon + H2 .
2. c im v cng dng.
c im in cc khng nng chy. Khng to x do khng c thuc hn. H quang, vng chy quan st v kim sot d dng. Ngun nhit tp trung v c nhit cao. u im C th hn c kim loi mng hoc dy do thng s hn c phm vi iu chnh rng ( t vi ampe n vi trm ampe). Hn c hu ht cc kim loi v hp kim vi cht lng cao. Mi hn sch p, khng ln x v vng te. Kim sot c ngu v hnh dng vng hn d dng.
Created by ng Trung Dng -1-
Nhc im Nng sut thp. i hi th c tay ngh cao. Gi thnh tng i cao do nng sut thp, thit b v nguyn liu t tin. Cng dng L phng php hiu qu khi hn nhm, inox v hp kim nicken. Thng dng hn lp ngu trong qui trnh hn ng p lc. Hn cc kim loi, hp kim kh hn nh titan, ng .
Argon
D mi h quang do nng lng ion thp Nhit h quang thp hn Bo v tt hn do nng hn Lu lng cn thit thp hn in p h quang thp hn nn nng lng hn thp hn Gi thnh r hn Chiu di h quang ngn, mi hn hp C th hn chi tit mng
Heli
Kh mi h quang do nng lng ion ha cao Nhit h quang cao hn Bo v km hn do nh hn Lu lng s dng cao hn in p h quang cao hn nn nng lng hn ln hn Gi thnh t hn Chiu di h quang di, mi hn rng Thng dng hn cc chi tit dy, dn nhit tt
S trn hai kh Ar v He c ngha thc tin rt ln. n cho php kim sot chc ch nng lng hn cng nh hnh dng ca tit din mi hn. Khi hn chi tit dy, hoc tn nhit nhanh, s trn He vo Ar ci thin ng k qu trnh hn.
Created by ng Trung Dng -2-
Nit ( N2 ) i khi c a vo Ar hn ng v hp kim ng, Nit tinh khit i khi c dng hn thp khng r. Hn hp Ar H2 vic b sung hydro vo argon lm tng in p h quang v cc u im tng t heli. Hn hp vi 5% H2 i khi lm tng lm sch ca mi hn TIG bng tay. Hn hp vi 15% c s dng hn c kh ha tc cao cho cc mi hn gip m vi thp khng r dy n 1,6 mm, ngoi ra cn c dng hn cc thng bia bng thp khng r vi mi chiu dy, vi khe h y ca ng hn t 0,25 0,5 mm. khng nn dng nhiu H2 , do c th gy ra r xp mi hn. Vic s dng hn hp ny ch hn ch cho cc hp kim Ni, Ni Cu, thp khng r.
Hnh 3 : Quan h V I vi kh bo v Ar v He La chn kh bo v Khng c mt quy tc no khng ch s la chn kh bo v i vi mt cng vic c th. Ar , He hoc hn hp ca chng u c th s dng mt cch thnh cng i vi a s cc cng vic hn, vi s ngoi l l khi hn trn nhng vt cc mng th phi s sng kh Ar. Ar thng cung cp h quang m hn l He. Thm vo , chi ph n v thp v nhng yu cu v lu lng thp ca Ar lm cho Ar c a chung hn t quan im kinh t.
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3.2. in cc tungsten Tungsten ( Wolfram) c dng lm in cc do tnh chu nhit cao, nhit nng chy cao (3410 0C), pht x in t tng i tt, lm ion ha h quang v duy tr tnh n nh h quang, c tnh chng oxy ha rt cao. Hai loI in cc s dng ph bin trong hn TIG : Tungstne nguyn cht (ui sn mu Xanh l) : cha 99,5% tungsten nguyn cht, gi r song c mt dng cho php thp, kh nng chng nhim bn thp, dng khi hn vi dng Xoay chiu (AC) p dng khi hn nhm hoc hp kim nh. Tungstne Thorium (cha 1 n 2 % thorium {ThO2} - ui sn mu ) : c kh nng bc x electron cao do dng hn cho php cao hn v tui th c nng cao ng k. Khi dng in cc ny h quang d mi v chy n nh, tnh nng chng nhim bn tt, dng vi dng mt chiu (DC) p dng khi hn thp hoc inox. Ngoi ra cn c : Tungstne zirconium (0,15 n 0,4% zirconium { ZrO2} - ui sn mu nu ) c c tnh h quang v mt dng hn nh mc trung gian gia tungsten pure v tungsten thorium, thch hp vi ngun hn AC khi hn nhm. u im khc ca in cc l khng c tnh phng x nh in cc thorium. Tungstne Cerium ( 2% cerium { CeO2} - ui sn mu cam ) : n khng c tnh phng x, h quang d mi v n nh, c tui bn cao hn, dng tt vi dng DC hoc AC. Tungsten Lathanum { La2O3} c tnh nng tng t tungsten cerium.
Bng 1: m mu in cc tungsten EWP = pure tungsten EWCe 2 = tungsten + 2% cerium EWLa 1 = tungsten + 1% lathanum EWLa 1.5 = tungsten + 1.5% lathanum EWLa 2 = tungsten + 2% lathanum EWTh 1 = tungsten + 1% thorium EWTh 2 = tungsten + 2% thorium EWZr 1 = tungsten + 1% zirconium EWG = tungsten + nguyn t hp kim khng xc nh
Created by ng Trung Dng -4-
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Kch thc v mi in cc Cc in cc tungsten thng c cung cp vi ng knh 0,25 6,35 mm, di t 70 610 mm, c b mt c lm sch hoc c mi. B mt c lm sch c ngha l sau khi ko dy hoc thanh, cc tp cht b mt c loi b bng cc dung dch thch hp. B mt c mi c ngha l cc tp cht c loi b bng phng php ml. Ty thuc vo ng dng, vt liu, b dy, loi mi ni m ta c cc dng mi khc nhau. Khi hn vi dng AC ta chn in cc ln hn v mi v trn thay v mi nhn nh khi hn vi dng DCEN.
Cc gi tr trong bng 3 ng dng cho kh Argon. Cc gi tr dng in khc c th dng ty thuc loi kh bo v, loi thit b.
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Hnh 5 : cch mi in cc Hnh dng v cch mi in cc c nh hng quan trng n s n nh v tp trung ca h quang hn. in cc c mi trn mi c c ht mn v mi theo hng trc nh hnh v . Ni chung chiu cao mi tt nht l t 1,5 n 3 ln ng knh in cc. Khi mi xong phn cn th cn lm t u cn mt cht bo v in cc khi s ph hy ca mt dng in qu cao. Cch thc a chung l lm phng mi in cc. Qui tc chung l : Gc mi cng nh (in cc cng nhn) th ngu su ca vng chy cng ln v b rng vng chy cng hp Khi hn vi dng xoay chiu (AC) hoc dng mt chiu (DCEP) th u in cc cn c dng Bn cu . c dng mi in cc thch hp ta dng dng xoay chiu hoc dng DCEP kch hot h quang trn tm vt liu dy vI t th trc in cc thng gc vi tm vt liu . S d chng ta phI dng mi in cc bn cu l v khi hn vi dng AC hoc DCEP th in cc b t nng nhiu hn do vy cn b mt ln hn gim mt dng nhit . c bit khi hn trn nhm , lp oxt nhm bm trn mi in cc c vai tr tng cng bc x electron v bo v in cc. Vi in cc bng zirconium mi in cc t ng hnh thnh dng bn cu khi hn vi dng AC. Song khi ta phI chp nhn s chy khng n nh ca h quang hn .
Created by ng Trung Dng -7-
Cc ngh di dy cho php s dng ti u cc in cc tungsten. Cn chn dng in thch hp ( kiu v cng ) i vi kch c in cc c s dng. Dng in qu cao s lm h hi u in cc, dng in qu thp s gy ra s n mn, nhit thp v h quang khng n nh. u in cc phi c mi hp l theo cc hng dn ca nh cung cp trnh qu nhit cho in cc. in cc phi c s dng v bo qun cn thn trnh nhim bn. Dng kh bo v phi c duy tr khng ch trong khi hn m cn sau khi ngt h quang cho n khi ngui in cc. khi cc in cc ngui, u in cc s c dng sng bng, nu lm ngui khng chun, u ny c th b oxy ha v c mng mu, nu khng loi b s nh hng n cht lng mi hn. Mi kt ni, c nc v kh, phi c kim tra cn thn. Phn in cc pha ngoi m hn trong vng kh bo v phi c gi mc ngn nht, ty theo ng dng v thit b, bo m c bo v tt bng kh tr. Cn trnh s nhim bn in cc. Khi s tip xc gia in cc nng vi kim loi nn hoc que hn, s duy tr kh bo v khng , s gy ra s nhim bn. Thit b, c bit l u phun kh bo v, phi sch v khng dnh cc vt hn. u phun b bn s nh hng n kh bo v, nh hng n h quang, do gim cht lng mi hn.
Bng 4 : chn dng in tng ng vi kch thc in cc 3.3 Que hn TIG Phng php hn TIG c th hn khng dng que p, ty thuc vo dng mi ni v kim loi hn . ng thi khi hn trn vt liu mng c th dng kiu mi hn b m v hn khng que . Cng c th p dng cch hn ny cho cc mi hn kiu b g (Edge) hoc cc mi hn gc ngoi. Chn kim loI p : Thnh phn ca que p cn phi ph hp tt nht vi thnh phn ca kim loi hn bo m mi hn ng nht , m khng c cc cu trc bt li v mt luyn kim.
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Que p c dng phi l loi p ng c cc yu cu ca phng php TIG : Que phI c bc mt lp vt liu chng oxt ha (ng / Nickel ) dy bo v que hn m khng gy ra cc tc ng bt li v mt luyn kim nh r kh , ngm oxt / silic. Kim loi p v kim loi hn ha tan vo nhau khi hn , t l ny thay i theo ngu su ca vng chy vo vt liu hn v i khi ngu thiu hoc thi qu cng gy ra cc cu trc bt li cho thnh phn kim loi ca mi hn. Mt khc phi bo m que hn c ty sch du m v bi/ r khi hn hn ch bt , r kh
ER : dy hn, que hn rn dng cho hn h quang trong mi trng kh bo v 70 : bn ko Ksi S : dy rn 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 : loi kh bo v G, D : thnh phn ha hc ca kim loi dy hn
Created by ng Trung Dng -9-
4. Trang thit b :
B ngun CC Mt chiu (DC) hoc Xoay chiu (AC) (Nht thit phi l AC khi hn nhm). B gii nhit dng nc c lm lnh (Chu trnh kn ) p dng khi hn vi dng hn ln Chai cha kh bo v gn van gim p v lu lng k v ng dn kh uc hn (c hoc khng c h thng lm ngui dng nc ) vi dy cp hn bt sn Kp mass v dy dn Mt n hn vi knh lc chi s 10 -:- 13 Gng tay v o chong da Bn chi st / Inox (khi hn nhm hoc Inox ) My mi cm tay chy in hoc kh nn. Hai tm chn gi H thng ht kh cc b
4.1 uc hn v m phun :
Chn uc hn : uc hn c ba nhim v chnh Kp gi in cc tungstne. Cung cp kh bo v v lm ngui in cc . Bo m dng in hn lin tc v n nh .
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Phng php hn TIG sinh nhit kh ln , dy dn in thng c ng knh nh chu c mt dng thp do vy phi lm ngui dy dn khi hn vi dng cao v chu k hn ln . Thng thng c th cc uc hn kh c thit k sao cho lu lng kh i bao quanh dy dn in va lm ngui dy va nung nng kh . Khi hn vi dng 150 n 500 A, nht thit phI dng uc hn gii nhit bng nc..
Bng 7: cc c tnh k thut ca uc hn TIG Chn m phun : ng knh trong ca m phun ng thi l ch s v lu lng kh (lt/pht) cn hiu chnh
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6. K thut hn :
Cc loi mi hn u c th thc hin bng phng php hn TIG. Cc c trng ca mi hn c xc lp theo cc yu cu k thut. cc mi hn c bn gm : gip mi (butt), chng m (lap), hn gc (corner), mi hn b g (edge), mi hn ch T (tee).
Mi hn TIG cht lng c cc c trng sau: Tit din ngang mI hn hi li B mt Chc v mn p; Vy hn phng u ; Bin hn nng chy tt v khng b khuyt . Mun c nh vy, chi tit hn cn phi ty sch bng bn chi thch hp , hoc bng phn thch hoc dung dch ty thch hp . S dng cc vt liu hn ph hp vi kim loi hn . in cc phi chun b , chn chng loi , kch c ph hp vi ng dng: hn vI dng mt chiu (DCEN) u in cc phi mi ng qui cch dng cne gc cn t 30 n 60 hn vI dng xoay chiu (AC) hoc mt chiu (DCEP) u in cc c nh hnh c dng bn cu . Chiu di t u contact tip n mi in cc tt nht nn mi in cc nh ra khi m phun khong 1 ln ng knh in cc . Trong trng hp hn gc cho php nh ra nhiu hn bo m h quang qut qua c cnh y ca gc hn (tt nhin khi phi chn in cc c c ln hn trnh in cc qu nng . Bo v vng hn phi bo m vng hn c bo v tt bng dng kh bng cch chn c m phun v lu lng kh hp l .M c ng knh ln phun kh nhiu , bo v tt hn song kh quan st v a vng chy su vo rnh hn nu khng ko di phn nh ra ra ca in cc . Trong trng hp nh th in cc s qu nng v d hng . Trng hp dng c m phun b cn hiu chnh lu lng phun kh thch ng khng to nn dng chy ri khin cho vic bo v vng chy km hiu qu v in cc d b oxt ha lm cho hng. Khi hn trn cc loi thp v vt liu nhy cm vi oxy , hydro cn b tr kh bo v pha lng mi hn v trong nhiu trng hp bo v c mi hn trong qu trnh ng rn v ngui li .Bin php ny c bit quan trng khi hn ng. Khi hn cc tm mng vi mi hn u m , ngu hon ton trn cc vt liu nhy cm chng ta c th dng cc b g chuyn dng. Khi hn Inox, c th dng cc tm g bng ng v dng kh Argon bo v mt sau mi hn s cho cht lng hn cao hn . Khi hn ng ng knh nh cn thit phi thi kh bo v mt trong ca ng . Khi hn cc ng ng knh ln th ch to cc nt chn , c c cu np v thot kh bo v. C th dng cc bng dn chuyn dng bo v mt lng mi.
Thc t khi hn trn tm dy, ch c lp lt l thc hin bng phng php hn TIG cn cc lp ph s c thc hin bng phng php hn que hoc phng php hn MIG-MAG. Yu t quan trng bc nht chn kiu vt v phng php hn l cht lng yu cu ca mi hn v vt liu hn. Khi hn trn thp carbon thng v thp hp kim thp th phng php hn que v phng php hn MIG-MAG hon ton p ng c cc yu cu v cht lng mi hn. Khi hn trn thp inox v cc hp kim nicken th phng php hn TIG li ph hp v hiu qu hn.
6.2 Mi hn chng m.
Mi hn chng m c u im l khng cn chun b mi hn, c bit l khi hn trn tm mng. yu t quan trng nht khi chun b mi hn chng m l phi bo m s tip xc gia hai mp trn ton b mi hn. Cc mi chng m trn tm c b dy nh hn 3mm thng c hn chy khng p que hn. Cn phi hiu chnh cc thng s hn sao cho bo m nng chy khng nh thng v lm chy mt bn kia ca mi ghp. Mi hn chng m c b dy t 3 n 6mm s phi p thm que hn v hn vi 1 hoc nhiu lp hn.
6.3 Mi hn gc.
ngu ca mi hn gc ph thuc vo b dy vt liu. Khi hn tm mng, cc mp hn gc c t st nhau sao cho mp ny gi ln mp kia cht t. Thng th phi c b g hn bo v mt lng mi hn khng b chy v bo m mp hn khng b bin dng qu ln khi hn. Vng mi hn nht thit phi lm sch v bo m khng dnh du m, bi, r st, ... k thut c a
Created by ng Trung Dng - 17 -
chung l thi chy que p. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp nn c thanh lt pha sau hn ch thng. Cc tm dy cn c vt V hoc J m bo ngu hon ton. Cng vic vt mp c thc hin cn thn, bo m cc cnh vt u n v khe h c nh v chc chn. Mi hn ny thng c thc hin ti thiu hai lp, lp ngu v lp ph. B dy chn (rood face) mi hn cn xc nh sao cho hn khng thng vn bo m ngu u.
6.4 Mi hn ch T.
Loi mi hn ny thng hn vi que hn p. Ty thuc vo yu cu k thut m hn lin tc trn mt mt hoc hai mt, hoc khng lin tc phn b i xng hoc xen k. Khi yu cu ngu chn khng t ra th mp hn vung khng mi. Ngc li, nu c yu cu ngu th phi mi trn mp ca tm ng, nht l khi b dy ln hn 6mm, thng th phi mi vt c hai pha v mi hn c thc hin lun phin gia hai pha hn ch bin dng.
6.5 Mi hn b g.
Cc mi hn b g thng c p dng trn tm mng. Khng dng que p v mp hn s nng chy v b sung vo mi hn. Mi hn ny thng c p dng vo hn np cc thng kn. Mi hn ny c nhc im l vng chn mi hn rt d b n mn, do vy khi hn cc thit b p lc, qui trnh hn phi c thm nh chc chn. Thng khi hn vi cc thit b chu p ta thay th mi hn bng mi hn gip mp c tm lt.
Created by ng Trung Dng - 18 -
Gc ca m hn
Ph thuc vo loi mi ni v t th hn . Hn TIG lun lun thc hin t th y ti
Hn leo gc (3F)
Hn ngang (2G)
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Hn ng (3G)